https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Britbong64&feedformat=atomIIWiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T09:22:49ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.6https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Shangea&diff=780150Shangea2024-03-13T19:12:09Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
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<div>{{WIP}}<br />
{{Infobox country<br />
|conventional_long_name = Auspicious Republic of Shangea<br />
|native_name = {{lang-zh|labels=no|'''晓东吉祥共和国'''}}<br>'''Xiǎodōng Jíxiáng Gònghéguó'''<br />
|common_name = <br />
|image_flag = Flag of Xiaodong.png<br />
|alt_flag = <br />
|image_flag2 = <br />
|alt_flag2 = <br />
|image_coat = Seal of Xiaodong.png<br />
|alt_coat = <br />
|symbol_type = Emblem<br />
|national_motto = {{lang-zh|labels=no|吉祥我国多么光芒万丈}}!<br>''How bright is our Auspicious Nation!''<br>'''{{wp|Ideology|National ideology}}: '''''[[National Principlism]]''<br />
|national_anthem = {{lang-zh|labels=no|{{wp|When That Day Comes|胜利进行曲<br><small>''Shènglì jìnxíngqǔ''</small>}}}}<br>[[File:MediaPlayer.png|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrWV6pxepDo|200px]]<br />
|royal_anthem = <br />
|other_symbol_type = <br />
| other_symbol ='''{{Wp|Seal (East Asia)|National seal}}{{·}}{{wp|National Flower}}'''<br>{{lang-zh|labels=no|晓东吉祥共和之玺}}{{·}}{{lang-zh|labels=no|洋紫荆}} ({{small|{{wp|Bauhinia × blakeana|Bauhinia orchid}}}})<br><div style="padding:0.3em;">[[File:Xiaodong seal.png|100px]]{{·}}[[File:Banhinia Orchid.png|100px]]</div><br />
|image_map = Xiaodong map (cropped).png<br />
|alt_map = <br />
|map_caption = Location of Shangea in [[Coius]]<br />
|image_map2 = <br />
|alt_map2 = <br />
|map_caption2 = <br />
|capital = [[Rongzhuo]]<br />
|latd= | latm= | latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW=<br />
|largest_city = capital<br />
|largest_settlement_type = largest city<br />
|largest_settlement =<br />
|official_languages = {{Wp|Chinese language|Shangean}}<br />
|national_languages =<br />
|regional_languages = {{wp|Burmese language|Chanwan}}, {{wp|Cantonese|Paisha}}<br />
|languages_type = <br />
|languages = <br />
|languages_sub = <br />
|languages2_type = Other<br />
|languages2 = {{wp|Tujia language|Ba}}, {{wp|Hakka Chinese|Shukin}}, {{wp|Shehua|Hohua}}, {{wp|Hmong language|Dakatan}}<br />
|languages2_sub = <br />
|ethnic_groups = [[Shangean people|Shangean]] (74.4%)<br>[[Chanwan people|Chanwan]] (8.8%)<br>{{wp|Tujia people|Ba}} (4.3%)<br>{{wp|Miao people|Shao}} (3.2%)<br>{{wp|Yi people|Pala}} (1.7%)<br>{{wp|She people|Ho Ne}} (1.5%)<br>{{Wp|Hui|Irfanics}} (1.2%)<br>{{wp|Japanese people|Senrian}} (0.4%)<br>Other (4.5%)<br />
|ethnic_groups_year = 2013 <br />
|demonym = Shangean<br />
|religion = <br />
|government_type = {{wp|Unitary}} {{Wp|Authoritarianism|authoritarian}} {{wp|socialism|socialist}} {{wp|republic}} <br />
|leader_name1 = [[Yuan Xiannian]]<br />
|leader_title1 = [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]]<br />
|leader_name2 = [[Wen Kezhi]]<br />
|leader_title2 = [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]<br />
|leader_title4 = [[President of the Legislative Council of Shangea|President of the Legislative Council]]<br />
|leader_name4 = [[Wang Hongzhi]]<br />
|leader_title5 = [[Examination Council (Shangea)|President of the Examination Council]]<br />
|leader_name5 = [[Tang Shanyuan]]<br />
|leader_title6 = [[Judicial Council (Shangea)|President of the Judicial Council]]<br />
|leader_name6 = [[Yi Shaoqing]]<br />
|legislature = [[Legislative Council (Shangea)|Legislative Council]]<br />
|upper_house = <br />
|lower_house = <br />
|sovereignty_type = <br />
|sovereignty_note = <br />
|established_date1 = 1866<br />
|established_event1 = [[Restoration War]]<br />
|established_date2 = 20 September 1936<br />
|established_event2 = [[Corrective Revolution (Shangea)|Corrective Revolution]]<br />
|established_date3 = <br />
|established_event3 = <br />
|established_date4 = <br />
|established_event4 = <br />
|area_rank = <br />
|area_magnitude = <br />
|area = <br />
|area_km2 = 6,898,573<br />
|area_sq_mi = <br />
|area_footnote = <br />
|percent_water = <br />
|area_label = <br />
|area_label2 = <br />
|area_data2 = <br />
|population_estimate = 745,173,574<br />
|population_estimate_rank = <br />
|population_estimate_year = 2023<br />
|population_density_km2 = <br />
|population_density_sq_mi = <br />
|population_density_rank = <br />
|GDP_PPP = €11,685,066 million<br />
|GDP_PPP_rank = <br />
|GDP_PPP_year = <br />
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = €15,681<br />
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = <br />
|GDP_nominal = €6,380,176 million <br />
|GDP_nominal_rank = <br />
|GDP_nominal_year = <br />
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = €8,562 <br />
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = <br />
|Gini = 39.8<br />
|Gini_ref = <br />
|Gini_rank = <br />
|Gini_year = <br />
|HDI = 0.744 <br />
|HDI_ref = <br />
|HDI_rank = <br />
|HDI_year = <br />
|currency = [[Shangean kuai|Kuai]]<br />
|currency_code =SHK<br />
|time_zone = <br />
|utc_offset = <br />
|time_zone_DST = <br />
|utc_offset_DST = <br />
|DST_note = <br />
|antipodes = <br />
|date_format = yyy-mm-dd<br />
|drives_on = {{Wp|Right- and left-hand traffic|right}}<br />
|cctld = [[.sh]]<br />
|iso3166code = XI<br />
|calling_code = +893<br />
|image_map3 =<br />
|alt_map3 =<br />
|footnote_a = <br />
|footnote_b =<br />
|footnote_h =<br />
|footnotes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Auspicious Republic of Shangea''' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|晓东国吉祥共和}}; ''Xiǎodōng Jíxiáng Gònghéguó'') more commonly known as '''Shangea''' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|晓东国}}; ''Xiǎodōngguó'') is a nation in [[Coius]] bordering [[Kuthina]] to the east, the unrecognised republic of [[Heijiang]] to the southeast, [[Zomia]] and [[Hacyinia]] to the northeast, [[Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|Zorasan]] to the north, [[Duran]] and [[Ansan]] to the northwest and in the west having maritime borders with [[Senria]]. It has a population of 745,173,574 with a nominal GDP of €6,380,176 million, with its capital and largest city being [[Rongzhuo]] located in the northeastern interior. <br />
<br />
The home of the [[Shangean people]], Shangea was first united by the [[Jianzhao Emperor]] in 650 BCE under the [[Xiang dynasty]] which ruled Shangea from 200 BCE to its collapse in 100 CE - during the rule of the Xiang dynasty {{wp|Confucianism|Ruism}} became prevalent. Following the Xiang were the [[Song dynasty]] who introduced [[Zohism]] but collapsed in 400 CE when the country became politically unstable the period known as the "[[War of Four Kingdoms]]" as rival warlords and nobles fought for control. In 691 Shangea was united again under the [[Tao dynasty]] that oversaw the high point of Shangean literature and art. However, in 1356 the Tao dynasty was usurped by the Jiao clan who created the [[Jiao dynasty]]. Although initially wealthy, by the 1600's the Jiao dynasty was being torn apart by civil war and uprisings, most disastrously the [[Red Orchid Rebellion]]. In the late 1660's the dynasty [[Transition from Jiao to Toki|finally collapsed]], resulting in a Senrian warlord to conquer Shangea and create the [[Toki dynasty]]. However, the Toki's attempts to promote Senrian culture led to the development of [[Shangean nationalism]]. <br />
<br />
During the late 1700’s and early 1800’s the Toki came under pressure from various colonial powers having to lease several port cities to countries such as [[Gaullica]], [[Estmere]] and [[Etruria]] after the XXX war. A default of Shangean debts in 1847 led to foreign domination of the Shangean economy which started to cause substantial unrest. The continued failure to confront foreign powers led to a coalition of nobles and military officers in 1864 to stage the [[Restoration War]] with overthrew the Toki dynasty and led to the enthronement of the [[Xiyong Emperor]] who created the [[Heavenly Shangean Empire]] that oversaw a period of economic modernisation and semi-constitutional rule. During this period Shangea subjugated neighbouring states and as a result of Shangea's victory in the [[Etrurian-Shangean War]] became recognised as a {{wp|great power}} in the process becoming aligned with Gaullica. <br />
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During the 1920's the Shangean state became more {{wp|Totalitarianism|totalitarian}} under the [[Shanrong Emperor]] who entered Shangea into the [[Entente]]. Shangea launched an invasion of [[Senria]] in 1927 which led to the start of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] which saw Shangea participate in the [[Senrian Genocide]] and eventually be defeated by the forces of the [[Grand Alliance]]. The end of the Great War led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the creation of the [[Republic of Shangea]]. The republic was unpopular and soon destablised, leading to the [[Corrective Revolution (Shangea)|Corrective Revolution]] that triggered the [[Shangean Civil War]]. The war saw rebel forces under [[Lu Keqian]] take power who created a dictatorship based on [[National Principlism]]. In 1984 Shangea began to marketise its economy, although the governing regime has maintained a monopoly on political power. This political hegemony was challenged in 2016 after sustained pro-democratic protests leading to the beginning of "[[Normalisation (Shangea)|Normalisation]] under [[Yuan Xiannian]]. <br />
<br />
Shangea is currently a {{wp|dictatorship}}, with its ceremonial {{wp|head of state}} being [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]] of the legislative branch of the government, the [[State Presidium of Shangea|State Presidium]], and the {{wp|head of government}} being the [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]] of the executive branch of government, the [[Council of Ministers of Shangea|Council of Ministers]]. Since the 1980's Shangea has undertaken substantial political reforms although [[Dang Wangluo|corruption]] has remained. <br />
<br />
Shangea’s economy has been described as being in a system of {{wp|state capitalism}} in which bureaucrats and corporations known as Caihongs are the cornerstones of the economy. Although part of the Shangean economy are state owned, it has undergone substantial {{wp|Neoliberalism|neoliberalisation}} with most state owned corporations being privatised. Major Shangean exports include coal, rice, bauxite and coffee. Shangea is a member of the [[Community of Nations]], and maintains relations with most other nations, both democratic and dictatorial, having especially [[Rongzhuo-Zahedan Axis|close relations]] with [[Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics]] as part of the [[Rongzhuo Strategic Protocol Organisation]]. Shangea's cultural influence, growing economy, interventionist foreign policy and possession of {{wp|nuclear weapons}} makes it a {{wp|great power}} on the world stage and a {{wp|regional power}} in southern Coius, albeit one marked with rivalry with [[Senria]]. <br />
==Etymology==<br />
The name "Shangea" is an exonym , with the name of the country in {{wp|pinyin|fuhao}} is ''Xiǎodōng'' (/ɕiɑu tʊŋ/). The characters of 晓东 translate to "Dawning East". The characters were first used to describe Shangea by the Tao dynasty, and were during the [[Toki Sougunate]] recognised as the name of the country by [[Shangean nationalism|Shangean nationalists]], and was adopted as the name of the country following the [[Restoration Revolution]]. <br />
<br />
The name Shangea was first used by the Etrurian explorer Alessandro Vespasi and is based on the {{Wp|Farsi|Pardarian}} name for the Xiang dynasty ''shaangu'' (شیانگ) in 1224. It has since been the name to describe the country predominantly in [[Euclea]]. <br />
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The current name of Shangea, the "Auspicious Republic of Shangea" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|晓东吉祥共和国}}; ''Xiǎodōng Jíxiáng Gònghéguó'') was adopted following the [[Corrective Revolution (Shangea)|Corrective Revolution]] in 1936. <br />
==History== <br />
<br />
<br />
==Government and Politics==<br />
[[File:Abe Shinzo 2012 02.jpg|thumb|[[Yuan Xiannian]], the [[State Chairman of Shangea]].|250px]]<br />
Shangea's political system is outlined in the 1942 [[Constitution of Shangea|constitution]] which has undergone numerous amendments since. Shangea is a {{wp|unitary state}} organised on {{Wp|republic|republican}} lines and containing a mix of {{wp|presidential system|presidential}}, {{Wp|parliamentary system|parliamentary}} and {{wp|socialist state|socalist}} principles. Shangea is commonly seen as being an {{wp|authoritarianism|authoritarian}} state.<br />
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The highest body of the state is the [[State Presidium of Shangea|State Presidium]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|国家常务委员会}}; ''guójiā chángwù wěiyuánhuì'') which is led by a [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|主席}}; ''zhǔxí'') who serves as {{wp|head of state}}. The State Presidium is the supreme executive and legislative body in Shangea, containing its chairman, the leaders of the four councils, the chief of the general staff and social affairs, foreign, security and finance ministers. The State Presidium appoints most members of the four councils which sits beneath the State Presidium which fulfil the roles of the {{Wp|executive}}, {{wp|legislature}}, {{wp|judiciary}} and {{Wp|civil service}} {{wp|examination system}}. <br />
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The four subordinate branches to the State Presidium are the [[Executive Council (Shangea)|Executive Council]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|行政会}}; ''xíngzhèng huì'') the [[Legislative Council (Shangea)|Legislative Council]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|立法会}}; ''lìfǎ huì'') the [[Judicial Council (Shangea)|Judicial Council]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|司法会}}; ''sīfǎ huì'') and the [[Examination Council (Shangea)|Examination Council]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|考試会}}; ''kǎoshì huì''). The Executive Council which is led and appointed by a [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|行政会总理}}; ''xíngzhèng huì zǒnglǐ'') who functions as the {{wp|head of government}} serves as a {{wp|national cabinet}} of 20 ministries albeit with the State Presidium taking precedence in executive matters. Shangea maintains a four tier judiciary, with national, provincial, prefectureral and municipal courts with the Judicial Council serving as the {{wp|supreme court}} being led by a Chief Justice. All judges, civil servants and politicians are picked from the Examination Council which is led by a president and based on the {{wp|imperial examination}} system. The Legislative Council contains 750 seats with the majority elected by voters, and a minority either representing trade unions and peasant aid groups or coming from the military. The top leadership roles of state are the State Chairman, Premier and President of the Legislative Council with the incumbents being [[Yuan Xiannian]], [[Wen Kezhi]] and [[Wang Hongzhi]] respectively.<br />
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Since 1940 Shangea has been an {{wp|authoritarianism|authoritarian}} state. Officially Shangea is a "{{wp|guided democracy|disciplined democracy}}" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|有纪律的民主}}; ''yǒu jìlǜ de mínzhǔ'') with political parties being discouraged. Nevertheless a variety of political organisations have since reforms made during the 1980's emerged that function as political parties. The current main one of these is the [[Society for Restoring Benevolence]] which is considered to be the current "{{wp|party of power}}". Most of these organisations adhere to a nationalist socialist ideology known as [[National Principlism]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|国家主体主义}}; ''guójiā zhǔtǐ zhǔyì'') that seeks to uphold a centralised form of authoritarian socialism. <br />
{{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=250|align=left<br />
| image1 = Wang Yang (Chinese politician) Washington 2013.jpg<br />
| image2 = Wang Yi Japan 2019.jpg<br />
| image3 = Tang Shanyuan.png<br />
| image4 = Wang Qishan in 2016.jpg<br />
| footer = The four council presidents: [[Wen Kezhi]] ([[Executive Council (Shangea)|Executive]]) [[Wang Hongzhi]] ([[Legislative Council (Shangea)|Legislative]]), [[Tang Shanyuan]] ([[Examination Council (Shangea)|Examination]]) and [[Yi Shaoqing]] ([[Judicial Council (Shangea)|Judicial]]).<br />
}} <br />
Political apathy is high due to government corruption, authoritarianism and a weak opposition. Unlike in most countries, ideological differences are not the main divides in Shangean politics, which is based much more on {{wp|guanxi}} networks between politicians. Nevertheless opposition to these political factions which make up the governing networks coalesce into what is known as the {{wp|Tangwai movement|dangwai movement}} that tend to promote more democratic governance compared to the governing cliques. <br />
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In 2016 after an economic slowdown and several high-profile corruption scandals a series of protests in favour of political reform resulted in the government of Yuan Xiannian and Jiang Zhongyu to launch a crackdown on protesters and the declaration of a {{wp|state of emergency}}. International observers state this state of emergency, named "[[Normalisation (Shangea)|Normalisation]]" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|正规化}}; ''zhèngguī huà'') has turned Shangea into a ''de facto'' {{wp|police state}}. In 2020, the government announced it sought to end Normalisation by January 2021 four years after its introduction with the passing of a new National Security Law and constitutional amendments. <br />
===Government===<br />
Officially the main executive body in Shangea is the Executive Council led by the Premier. The Executive Council is responsible for the implementation of the constitution and for the exercise of executive powers in implementing the decrees and general policies as outlined by the State Presidium, except for matters directly related to the State Presidium, who has the final say in all matters. The Executive Council is led by the premier and four coordinating ministers - International Relations, Finance and Economic Affairs, Social and Cultural Affairs and Security and Justice Affairs. Below the Coordinating Ministers are 35 regular ministers overseeing a wide array of portfolios. <br />
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The Premier appoints the members of the Executive Council and are themselves handpicked by the State Presidium, with a legislative vote needed to confirm appointments. All members of the Executive Council are approved by the Examination Council. The Premier, State Presidium and Examination Council have the authority to dismiss members of the Executive Council who can also be {{Wp|impeachment|impeached}} by the Legislative Council. <br />
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The relationship between the State Presidium and the Executive Council is often unclear. According to {{wp|Constitutional convention (political custom)|convention}} the State Presidium leaves most day-to-day governing to the Executive Council whilst making most major policy decisions. Since the assumption of power by Yuan Xiannian the role of the State Presidium has been strengthened making them constitute the apex of decision making. <br />
===Legislature===<br />
[[File:Chongqing Great Hall of the People 2017.jpg|thumb|250px|The Great Hall of the Legislative Council in Rongzhuo.]]<br />
The main legislative body of Shangea is the {{wp|unicameral}} Legislative Council which consists of 750 delegates. 550 are elected in a {{wp|first-past-the-post|single-member plurality}} system, 150 from {{wp|Functional constituency|trade unions and peasant mutual aid societies}} and 50 appointed by the military. The partial nature of the elected legislature is intended to represent the concept of "councilist democracy". <br />
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The Legislative Council is chaired by its President who oversees legislative sessions in a manner similar to a {{wp|Speaker (politics)|speaker}}. In 2008, a bipartisan legislative commission recommended the creation of legislative committees to better scrutinise government policy, although no such moves to formally establish committees have been attempted yet. <br />
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Any legislative delegate has the right to propose draft laws to the council, which must pass a simple majority vote to become formally part of the law. Despite this most successful draft laws have come from the government benches which has always maintained a legislative majority. The council has the right to amend the constitution if the government has a supermajority (two thirds of the total seats, 495) or can declare a referendum on a proposed constitutional amendment if it possesses a simple majority (over half of total seats, 376). <br />
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Currently the legislature is dominated by allies of State Chairman Yuan Xiannian from the [[Society for Restoring Benevolence]]. Opposition pro-democracy groups, who previously were elected to the legislature, have been mostly banned. Other groups in the Legislative Council include the [[Association for Promoting Democracy]] which is seen as {{Wp|far-right}} and the [[Movement for National Principlism]] which is more {{wp|socialism|socialist}} leaning. All opposition parties are considered to be functionally pro-government.<br />
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===Political parties and elections===<br />
The only national-level elections in Shangea are for the Legislative Council. Legislative Council elections are held every five years for 700 of the seats in the Legislative Council (550 elected by {{Wp|universal suffrage}} and 150 elected through {{Wp|functional constituencies}}). Voting for the directly-elected seats is done through a {{Wp|Parallel voting|mixed member majoritarian}} system with 300 seats elected by {{Wp|first-past-the-post voting|single-member plurality voting}} and 250 members through {{Wp|party-list proportional representation}}. The proportional seats retain a 5% {{wp|electoral threshold}} with the entire country treated as single constituency and are appropriated through the {{wp|D'Hondt method|Li-Qiao method}}. Functional constituencies use single-member plurality voting. Provincial and municipal elections are similarly held every five years with posts within them also elected by first-past-the-post. <br />
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In 1989, Shangea implemented universal suffrage for the first time. In previous elections held between 1942-1984 voting had been restricted by literacy requirements for voters. Universal suffrage for women was introduced in Shangea in 1956. In 2014, {{Wp|electronic voting}} was introduced on a limited basis in Shangea subsequently being expanded for the 2017 {{Wp|snap election}}. Elections for the Legislative Council are staggered over a week with different provinces voting on different days. <br />
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Elections in Shangea are controversial as they are often accused of being subject to {{wp|electoral fraud}}. {{Wp|Disfranchisement}}, vote buying and {{wp|gerrymandering}} are the most common instances of electoral fraud in Shangea according to an [[International Council for Democracy]] report for the 2014 election, although ballot stuffing and voter intimidation have also been noted particularly during the 2017 snap election. The Shangean government has denied that it practices electoral fraud, albeit has admonished provincial officials for engaging it in. <br />
[[File:11.24 107年地方公職人員選舉投票 (44206090440).jpg|thumb|Voters at a polling booth in Lukeng during the 2017 election.|250px|left]]<br />
Political parties are restricted in Shangea. Parties can only run for the Legislative Council if they operate nationally; that is run in all provinces of Shangea (with the exception of Jindao) and have membership in all provinces. Provincial parties must have at least 5,000 members. All parties must be approved by the Examination Council - between 2000 to 2014 the Examination Council allowed the registration of 22 political parties, with only 8 of those being new parties. Often in Shangea independent opposition parties and organisations find it difficult to be registered. <br />
<br />
Since the foundation of the Auspicious Republic there has often been a single political party that has dominated state affairs to the extent that Shangea is considered either a {{wp|one-party system|one-party}} or {{Wp|dominant-party system|dominant-party}} state. From 1942 to 1970 it was the [[Shangea Regeneration Society]] and from 1984 to 1988 the [[Constitutional Protection Society]]. From 1988 to 2006 there was no single dominant party due to a split in the elite. From 1989 to 1992 the CPS and the [[Concordance Democratic Party]] co-governed whilst from 1992 to 2006 the CDP was replaced by the [[National Association for Progress]]. In 2006 State Chairman [[Yuan Xiannian]] engineered the return of the dominant party state after merging the CPP and NAP into the currently ruling [[Society for Restoring Benevolence]]. All these parties were at various points named the "{{wp|party of power}}" and all were largely made up of the bureaucratic, political and military elite supporting to varying degrees [[National Principlism]]. Often the party of power is supported by {{Wp|independent (politics)|independent}} members of the Legislative Council giving them alongside support from military-appointed deputies a permanent majority in the chamber. <br />
<br />
Opposition parties are divided into two categories. Some are considered to be {{Wp|Bloc party (politics)|satellite parties}} to the party of power whose function is to give the superficial image of a competitive democracy or represent certain interest groups outside the governing coalition, but in practice support the government. The other are known as {{wp|Tangwai movement|dangwai}} ("outside the party") parties that sit in actual opposition to the party of power and its supporters. Dangwai parties often hold marginal seats in the Legislative Council lacking the administrative support of the party of power and often struggling to be elected in the functional constituencies. Since the start of [[Normalisation (Shangea)|normalisation]] in 2017 no dangwai parties sit in the Legislative Council with their members either being removed from office or defecting to either the ruling coalition or one of the satellite parties. <br />
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===Judiciary===<br />
[[File:VM 4660 Supreme Court of Hubei Province.jpg|thumb|The headquarters of the Judicial Council.|250px]]<br />
Shangean law has since 1940 been based on {{wp|Legalism|legalist}} traditions alongside {{wp|socialist law}} from [[Valduvia]]. Previously Shangea maintained a strong {{wp|Confucianism|Ruist}} judicial system based on the belief that the maintenance of tradition would be more effective in maintaining social order, but since the rise of Legalist philosophy since the 1940's the law has become more codified. Nevertheless, the rule of law in Shangea is subject to the will of the state which is seen as above the law. <br />
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The highest judicial authority in Shangea is the State Presidium which officially delegates responsibility of such authority to the [[Judicial Council (Shangea)|Judicial Council]] whose members are appointed by the State Presidium. The Judicial Council sits above provincial, prefectural, county and township courts. The introduction of [[Normalisation (Shangea)|Normalisation]] in 2017 saw anti-sedition courts set up that had the power to fast-track prosecution for cases regarding sedition, treason and "anti-Shangean activity". Critics have labelled these as "{{wp|kangeroo courts}}". In 2020, the government announced it hoped to merge these courts into the existing judiciary system. It also stated it would change the appointment of judges, which currently sits with the responsibility of provincial governments on a provincial level and the national government on a national level, to be instead solely the purview of the Judicial Council with approval from the State Presidium although nomination of judges will rest with provincial and national governments. <br />
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Shangea's legal system suffers from a lack of confidence in its effectiveness. Since the 1980's courts dealing with property law have seen marked improvement in the process of justice, although this effort remains slow on human right issues. Corruption within the system has also been on the decline as the system has come under increasing rationalisation. However jury trials in Shangea remain rare. <br />
===Subdivisions===<br />
Shangea is an {{Wp|unitary state}} with partial {{wp|devolution}} consisting of 22 subdivisions overall all. 19 are provinces ({{lang-zh|labels=no|省}}; ''shěng''), 1 directly-administrated city ({{lang-zh|labels=no|直辖市}}; ''zhíxiáshì''), one autonomous province ({{lang-zh|labels=no|自治省}}; ''zìzhì shěng'') and one autonomous administrative territory ({{lang-zh|labels=no|自治区}}; ''zìzhìqū'').<br />
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Provinces each with their own regional government head by a {{wp|chief minister}} ({{lang-zh|labels=no|首席部長}}; ''shǒuxí bùzhǎng'') with a provincial legislature known as provincial councils ({{lang-zh|labels=no|省议会}}; ''shěng yìhuì'') located in a regional capital. Provinces are further divided into prefectures ({{lang-zh|labels=no|地级}}; ''dìjí'') which are split either into urban districts ({{lang-zh|labels=no|市辖区}}; ''shìxiáqǖ'') and rural counties ({{lang-zh|labels=no|县}}; ''xiàn''). Districts are divided into sub-districts ({{lang-zh|labels=no|街道}}; ''jiēdào'') and counties into townships ({{lang-zh|labels=no|乡}}; ''xiāng''). The final level of organisation is a village {{lang-zh|labels=no|村}}; ''cūn''). <br />
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Directly-administrated cities are governed by mayors ({{lang-zh|labels=no|市长}}; ''shì zhǎng'') with their legislatures being named biao's ({{lang-zh|labels=no|表}}; ''biǎo'') after the tables city elders used in ancient times. Unlike provinces the cities do not have district level administration instead being divided only into sub-districts and villages. Directly-administrated cities have slightly less autonomy then provinces being more subject to central government control. <br />
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Autonomous Provinces have a the same basic administrative structure of provinces having five prefectures (စီရင်စု; ''hcerain hcu''). Chanwa does not have counties only retaining districts (ခရိုင်; ''hkarine'') which are divided into rural townships (မြို့နယ်; ''myahoetnaal'') and urban wards (ရပ်ကွက်; ''yatkwet'') which are further split into villages (ကျေးရွာ; ''kyei-ywa''). Autonomous provinces are led by governors ({{lang-zh|labels=no|总督}}; ''zǒngdū'') rather then chief ministers as is in the case of the provinces. Both autonomous provinces have bilingualism with regional languages ({{wp|Burmese language|Chanwan}} and {{Wp|Cantonese|Paisha}}) in their official administration. Autonomous Provinces have more autonomy then provinces with the right to established their own official languages, constitutions and provincial anthems as well as greater rights over natural resources, external trade, regional security and internal budgets. However there tends to be cordial relations with the central government who have a strong role in autonomous provincial affairs leading to relatively coordinated action between the autonomous provinces and national government.<br />
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The single autonomous administrative territory, [[Kintao]], has the highest degree of autonomy. It is divided into districts and below them suburbs. It is governed by a Chief Executive ({{lang-zh|labels=no|特首}}; ''tèshǒu''; ''chef de l'exécutif'') with the legislature being the Biao or Legislative Council (''conseil législatif''). Kintao has autonomy over the majority of its affairs including the maintenance of its own legal system with Jindanese Law takes precedence over Shangean Law with the notable exception of the Shangean constitution. Kintao also maintains its own independent police force and currency, the Kintian nacar. Shangea still however retains the sole right to manage Kintao's foreign relations and national security. <br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
| colspan="6" |{{Shangea labelled map}}<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Province ({{lang-zh|labels=no|省}})<br />
! scope="col" | Administrative centre<br />
! scope="col" | Population<br />
! scope="col" | Province ({{lang-zh|labels=no|省}})<br />
! scope="col" | Administrative centre<br />
! scope="col" | Population<br />
|-<br />
| [[Anqian]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|安千}})<br />
| [[Baiqiao]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|白壳}})<br />
| 70,124,745<br />
| [[Qigao]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|启皋}})<br />
| [[Gaoming]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|杲溟}})<br />
| 33,548,971<br />
|-<br />
| [[Baozhou]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|宝州}})<br />
| [[Shanju]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|山巨}})<br />
| 31,258,985<br />
| colspan=2|[[Rongzhuo]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|容㒂}})<br />
| 18,457,725<br />
|-<br />
| [[Autonomous Province of Chanwa|Chanwa]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|安千}})<br />
| [[Banyin]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|版因}})<br />
| 22,266,392<br />
| [[Tuohe]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|沱河}})<br />
| [[Juancheng]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|鄄城}})<br />
| 25,914,835<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chengcao]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|成曹}})<br />
| [[Shenkong]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|盛空}})<br />
| 55,486,225<br />
| [[Xiangshan]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|象山}})<br />
| [[Jinzhuang]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|金装}})<br />
| 18,258,763<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dayong]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|大涌}})<br />
| [[Yangming]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|杨铭}})<br />
| 4,457,862<br />
| [[Xufang]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|余坊}})<br />
| [[Zhoujia]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|周家}})<br />
| 24,758,631<br />
|-<br />
| [[Heping]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|和平}})<br />
| [[Wangzhuang]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|王庄}})<br />
| 34,158,702<br />
| [[Weishang]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|潍上}})<br />
| [[Chaozhou]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|曹州}})<br />
| 24,125,750<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jianghui]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|江徽}})<br />
| [[Jiangguan]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|𫮬管}})<br />
| 22,415,874<br />
| [[Wushan]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|吴山}})<br />
| [[Qinghua]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|清华}})<br />
| 38,452,365<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=2|[[Kintao]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|金岛}})<br />
| 6,814,557<br />
| [[Yongba]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|永坝}})<br />
| [[Lukeng]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|沦坈}})<br />
| 44,872,540<br />
|-<br />
| [[Luoyuan]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|罗源}})<br />
| [[Kuoqing]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|阔清}})<br />
| 91,458,756<br />
| [[Yunjin]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|郓津}})<br />
| [[Hongyan]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|红岩}})<br />
| 35,745,263<br />
|-<br />
| [[Meishan]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|美山}})<br />
| [[Liangzhi]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|亮值}})<br />
| 27,410,221<br />
| [[Zhijian]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|直建}})<br />
| [[Kongyu]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|孔玉}})<br />
| 32,457,865<br />
|-<br />
| [[Nanqing]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|南青}})<br />
| [[Langang]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|兰港}})<br />
| 28,569,782<br />
| [[Zhongan]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|中岸}})<br />
| [[Wudan]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|乌丹}})<br />
| 54,158,765<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Armed forces and intelligence===<br />
{{multiple image |perrow=2 |total_width=400<br />
|image1=Chinese military honor guard.jpg |width1=200 <br />
|image2=Maritime Interdiction Operations at RIMPAC 2016 160718-N-CA112-003.jpg |width2=200<br />
|image3=TankBiathlon14final-19.jpg |width3=200 <br />
|image4=J-20 at Airshow China 2016.jpg |width4=200<br />
|footer=Top row: Soldiers on parade from the army and a {{wp|destroyer}} performing a mission in the [[Bay of Bashurat]].<br>Bottom row: A {{Wp|Type 96 tank|Kuoqing SS-17}} {{wp|main battle tank}} and a {{wp|Chengdu J-20|R-20}} {{wp|Stealth aircraft|stealth}} {{wp|air superiority fighter}}.<br />
}}<br />
The armed forces of Shangea is known as the [[Shangean Revolutionary Army]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|晓东国救世軍}}; ''Xiǎodōng gémìng jūn'') which is split into an [[Shangean Army|army]], [[Shangean Navy|navy]], [[Shangean Air Force|airforce]] and [[Shangean Coastal Guard|coast guard]]. The SRA currently has around 3,350,750 troops overall (685,500 active, 2,425,000 in reserve and 240,250 in paramilitary groups). The Chairperson of the State Preisidum is the commander-in-chief of the SRA, which answers to the Council of Ministers via Coordinating Minister of Security and Justice Affairs. Military affairs are primarily handled by the Joint Defence Council, a forum of military commanders who are subordinate to the Coordinating Minister of Security and Justice Affairs. Shangea currently spends 3.9% of its budget on the military.<br />
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The SRA were preceded by the Heavenly Shangean Army, which was the first modern army in Shangea. Following the abolition of the [[Heavenly Shangean Empire]], the former Heavenly Shangean Army was renamed and consolidated into the Shangean Defence Army, which underwent modernisation in the 1930's. The victory of the SRA in the Shangean Civil War resulted in it becoming the national army. In the 1970's the defence forces underwent modernisation and since 2008 have undergone a further stage of modernisation and restructuring to be a more professional, efficient force. Shangea has committed to the development of its navy and airforce, which have been substantially modernised and expanded since 2008. The Shangean navy in particular is undergoing the transition from a {{wp|green water navy|green water}} to {{wp|blue-water navy}}.<br />
[[File:China Announces Troop Cuts at WWII Parade (screenshot) 2015918027.JPG|thumb|A Shangean G-3/2 medium range {{Wp|ballistic missiles}}|250px|left]]<br />
Shangea has a history of possessing {{wp|weapons of mass destruction}}. During the 1930's it was known that Shangea had started to develop a stockpile of {{wp|chemical weapons}} in the form of {{wp|mustard gas}}, and during the 1950's started a {{wp|biological warfare}} research programme. Shangea has resisted attempts to sign treaties that ban chemical weapons, and has been accused of possessing chemical and biological weapons such as {{wp|sarin|sarin}}, {{wp|nerve gas|nerve}} and mustard gas - however this has not been proven as of 2015. Shangea has admitted that it possess facilities that produce chemical and biological weapons, but asserts that they have been inactive since the mid-1990's. Following the development of Senrian nuclear weapons in 1964 Shangea refused to sign the [[Treaty of Shanbally]] and during the [[Coastal Crisis]] detonated its first nuclear weapon, [[Housheng]]. Since then Shangea has expanded its program massively, developing {{wp|intermediate-range ballistic missile}}s in 2015. Shangea maintains an arsenal of up to 500 nuclear warheads with {{wp|nuclear triad|air, sea and land based delivery systems}}. Shangea refuses to implement a {{Wp|no first use policy}} maintaining a policy of {{wp|strategic ambiguity}} on the use of their nuclear weapons. <br />
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Conscription - known as "''Patriotic Civic Service''" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|爱国公民勤务}}; ''àiguó gōngmín qínwù'') is theoretically enforced for all citizens between the ages of 18-21 for a period of 12 months. It was introduced in 1896 for all male citizens for a 24 month period with {{wp|conscientious objection}} not being recognised by the government, with only those deemed "unfit for service" being exempted. In 1956 the government reformed the conscription law decreasing the time of service to 12 months and offering alternate service in a non-combatant role on medical grounds. The draft is rarely enforced in Shangea due to the number of volunteers often being sufficient in terms of recruitment - the majority of draftees are exempted by the government. Further professionalisation has led to calls to abolish conscription entirely and transfer to an all-volunteer professional force.<br />
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The main intelligence agency of Shangea is the [[Shujichu|Secetariat to Eliminate Counter-Revolution]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|书记处肅清反革命}}; ''shūjìchù sùqīng fǎngémìng'') which handles both internal and external intelligence. The Shujichu is generally regarded as one of the most feared intelligence agencies in the world and is widely regarded as an effective {{Wp|secret police}} organisation. The Shujichu operate it's own military wing, the [[Revolutionary Guard (Shangea)|Revolutionary Guard]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|革命卫队}}; ''gémìng wèiduì''), that acts as a ''gendarmerie'' force. The SRA operates its own intelligence arm, the Department of Communications and Information ({{lang-zh|labels=no|通讯情报系}}; ''tōngxùn qíngbào xì''). Another intelligence agency is Department 87 ({{lang-zh|labels=no|系八十七}}; ''xì bāshíqī'') which was created in 2001 to direct cyberwarfare operations.<br />
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===Human Rights===<br />
Human rights in Shangea been a controversial topic between the Shangean government and a range of human rights groups as well as intergovernmental organisations such as the [[Community of Nations#Commissions|CNCHR]] and the [[International Council for Democracy]]. In recent years under the administration of [[Yuan Xiannian]] Shangea's human rights record has severely deteriorated particularly since the introduction of [[Normalisation (Shangea)|Normalisation]] compared to a generally improving record in the early 2000's. <br />
[[File:Hong Kong IMG 20191113 192427 (49060917381).jpg|thumb|Protesters at the Baiqiao Technical University during the [[2016-17 Shangean Protests]].|250px]]<br />
Common criticisms of the Shangean human rights situation centre on the government's restrictions on freedom of {{wp|freedom of speech|speech}}, {{Wp|freedom of movement|movement}}, {{wp|freedom of assembly|assembly}} and {{wp|freedom of religion|religion}}. Despite political reform occurring since the [[Orchid Revolution]] in 1988 {{wp|political freedom}} remains restricted with the ability to organise independent political parties being banned and censorship of sensitive topics common. In 2006 the Shangean government announced it would roll out a new system that would better regulate internet traffic in Shangea which according to a 2008 CNCHR report introduced "mass censorship" in the country. <br />
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Religious persecution is also a controversial topic in Shangea. The Shangean government officially promotes the practice of [[Zohism]] over what it deems to be "''foreign and heretical religions''" and as such implements repressive measures against monotheistic religions such as [[Sotirianity]] and [[Irfan]]. Ethnic repression in Shangea has also been an issue as foreign critics accuse Shangea of praticing {{wp|Sinicization|Shangean chauvinism}} towards minority groups, particularly Chanwans. <br />
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The Shangean government has rejected criticism of its human rights record as being distorted by foreign biases. Shangean leaders have since the 1980's stressed that they follow a "''Shangean approach to human rights''" which necessitates that citizens are only granted rights if they abide by social responsibilities. This approach is based according to Shangean legal scholars on traditional Zohist conceptions of a harmonious society between the ruler and the ruled. <br />
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Since the start of Normalisation the human rights situation in Shangea is generally agreed to have declined to one of the poorest in the world, with the rule of law being undermined in favour of highly politicised courts and mass censorship and arrests being common alongside torture within detention facilities. According to a 2018 report by the CNCHR since the beginning of Normalisation measures in 1,500 people had been executed by the regime, 50,000 arrested and 140,000 either suspended or removed from their jobs. The Shangean Human Rights Monitor, considered to be one of the leading sources on human rights issues in Shangea, stated that moves in 2020 to officially end Normalisation were suspect and that the government intends to instead legislate them permenently through constitutional change.<br />
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===Foreign relations===<br />
[[File:Yuan Haftar.png|thumb|[[Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|UZIR]] President [[Rahim Ali Haftar]] with State Chairman [[Yuan Xiannian]] in 2022.|250px]]<br />
Shangea's foreign policy objectives since the mid-1940's were formalised in the "[[Three Fundamentals]]" - the isolation of [[Senria]] from international affairs, the maintenance of Shangea as a the foremost {{wp|great power}} and the promotion of {{wp|anti-imperialism}} in Coius and the [[Asteria|Asteria's]] particularly against [[Euclea|Euclean]] influence. In recent decades Shangea has been seen to be revisionist or revanchist in the conduct of its foreign policy albeit this description has been contested by Shangean leaders. Shangea's large size and increasing role in the global economy has led to many to label it as a [[Superpower (Kylaris)#Shangea|potential superpower]]. <br />
<br />
Shangea has since the creation of the Auspicious Republic been associated with tensions with its neighbours and its claimed leadership within the {{Wp|developing world}}. Shangea is famous internationally for using "{{wp|panda diplomacy}}", using {{wp|giant pandas}} as diplomatic gifts to other countries. Panda diplomacy stretches back to the [[Xiang dynasty]] when Shangea sent pandas to the [[Emperor of Senria|Senrian emperor]] as a sign of goodwill. Shangea is a member of the [[Community of Nations]], [[International Trade Organization]] and [[League of Oil Producing States]] and is considered to be the leading power behind the [[International Forum for Developing States]], the [[Bank for United Development]] and the [[Rongzhuo Strategic Protocol Organisation]]. Shangea was a founding member of the [[Atomic Energy Commission]] but has been suspended from the organisation since 1975. <br />
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Shangea is a major contributor to the Community of Nations providing €320 million to the organisation from 2020-2021, the highest contributor of any nation. Shangea also provides 5,578 peacekeepers to the CN. <br />
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Since the foundation of the republic anti-imperialism has been a key feature of Shangean foreign policy. The Rongzhuo Strategic Protocol Organisation (ROSPO) was officially founded to "''protect Coius from imperialism from Euclea and their client states''" (alluding to [[Sangang Mutual Security Organization]]) and consists primarily of states that share an anti-imperialist foreign policy such as [[Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|Zorasan]] and [[Ajahadya]]. They also retain close biliteral security ties with [[Siamat]] and [[Nainan]]. Shangea also maintains cordial ties with Bahian countries such as [[Yemet]], [[Garambura]] and [[Mabifia]] in Coius. As part of Shangea's "strategic development initiative" it has promoted economic investment in recent years in the Asteria's and Euclea. This has created cordial relations with amongst others [[Satucin]], [[Emessa]] and [[Piraea]]. Shangea has since the early 2010's promoted the idea of "''consensus development''", a policy direction that seeks to replace {{wp|neoliberalism|neoliberal}} developmental strategies in favour of south-south cooperation crafting a new consensus on development policies that emphasises industrial growth, national sovereignty and sustainability. <br />
[[File:Secretary Kerry Meets With Chinese President Xi (12517500334).jpg|thumb|250px|left|Former [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]] [[Jiang Zhongyu]] meeting [[Chistovodia|Chistovodian]] president [[Viktor Martynenko]].]]<br />
Shangea's strongest bilateral relationship is with Zorasan - whilst the two countries have had differences over water rights, border adjustments and the treatment of religions in the two countries they have worked strongly on economic and military cooperation. The two countries are considetred to be the lynchpin of the ROSPO alliance and have also been marked by the so-called "ShanBucks-ZoraOil" programme in which Shangea provides billions of Euclos in direct investment, into key industries; minerals, infrastructure, manufacturing with Shangea as a result effectively owning the assets its develops while Zorasan provides fuel and petrochemicals for emerging economies at below market prices, which are in turn consolidated by Shangean funded pipelines and refining facilities. This {{Wp|special relationship}} is known as the [[Rongzhuo-Zahedan Axis]]. <br />
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Conversely Shangea has poor relations with [[Senria]] which has traditionally been seen as an ideological, political and economic rival to Shangea. Dispute over military forces in southern Coius, economic influence and historical animosity stemming from Shangea's view on the [[Senrian Genocide]] has created noticeably poor relations with the two countries. Shangea currently claims the Senrian-controlled Sunahamas islands, known as the Haishe islands ({{lang-zh|labels=no|海蛇岛屿}}; ''Hǎishé dǎoyǔ'') in Shangea. In recent years Shangea has come under controversy with its neighbour [[Kuthina]] following the Kuthinian 2007 coup and the creation of [[Heijiang]], a Shangean-supported separatist republic. Shangea has been as a result of the creation of Heijiang accused of "{{wp|frozen conflict|freezing}}" the conflict and embarking on an expansionist foreign policy. <br />
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From the 1890's to the 1940's Shangea's strongest bilateral relations in Euclea were with [[Gaullica]]. However since the conclusion of the [[Sostava War]] ties with [[Soravia]] have been emphasised. In Euclea Shangea has poor relations with [[Etruria]] and [[Estmere]], the latter of whom has been unpopular due to its role in ruling [[Jindao]] and its close relations with Senria. Shangea has mixed relations with {{wp|socialism|socialist}} nations. Shangea has in recent years improved ties with nations within the [[Brown Sea Community]] most notably [[Dezevau]] as well [[Chistovodia]]. It generally however has poor relations with the [[Mutual Assistance Organisation]] due to poor labour laws.<br />
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===Crime and law enforcement===<br />
[[File:Beijing Olympic Readyness Gathering from Beijing Police.jpg|thumb|250px|Shangean police on station in Rongzhuo.]]<br />
Law enforcement duties in Shangea are handled by the Ministry of State Security which oversees the National Police Force and the Internal Guard Force (the latter acting as a {{Wp|gendarmerie}} force). The National Police Force is further divided into provincial units that are responsible to provincial governments in the country, with there being lower level cantonal, municipal and villageship police forces. The Ministry of State Security's remit covers internal security, intelligence, counter-terrorism, police operations, prisons, and political, economic, and communications security. <br />
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Crime in Shangea takes on many forms. {{Wp|Organised crime}} is based around the yuanming ({{lang-zh|labels=no|圆明}}; ''yuán míng'' "Bright Circle"). Marked by elaborate initiation ceremonies and traditionalist structures yuanming groups have since the 1930's been prominent in Shangean society despite government efforts to stamp out their influence, although since the mid-2000's they have seen a decline in their power. The yuanming historically have been marked in engaging in illegal activities such as opium trafficking, smuggling, sex trafficking, fraud, extortion and money laundering. In recent years with more government repression the yuanming have moved more activities to {{wp|white-collar crime}} particularly money laundering and fraud. <br />
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Drug trafficking remains one of the most serious issues in Shangea. An unsuccessful attempt to completely eliminate the opium trade in the 1940's meant that in the 1950's the government has sought to regulate and wean out the supply lines although this has often been frustrated by official corruption. In 2008 the government passed a decree that gave law enforcement authorities far more leeway in the repression of drug trafficking and dealing with addicts; this has been credited with reducing opium consumption and trafficking in Shangea. <br />
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Corruption is a series issue in terms of law enforcement in Shangea. This is exemplified through the [[Dang Wangluo|dang wangluo]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|黨网络}}; ''dǎng wǎngluò''; "party network") system which is a system of cronyism and nepotism wherein those connected to leaders of government, big business and other key institutions through personal connections rather then skill or merit gauge significant benefits compared to those without such connections. It is considered different to traditional {{Wp|guanxi}} networks in the sense dang wangluo transactions are seen as fundamentally corrupt compared to the mutual commitment of guanxi networks. According to a 2014 poll 56% of Shangean people stated corruption was the most pressing political issue in the country and corruption has been linked to an upsurge in protests and dissent in Shangea. The government has since the start of Normalisation stated that their priority is to eliminate the dang wangluo. <br />
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As of November 2019 the homicide rate in Shangea is 1.52 people per 100,000 inhabitants.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[File:Xiaomapgeo2.png|thumb|A satellite map of Shangea showing its diverse geography.|250px]]<br />
Shangea's geography is relatively diverse, ranging from the Shalegho mountain range around the Chanwa and Weishang provinces to the flat plain lands around the Hongcha basin. Shangea borders the Bay of Bashurat to the northwest, the Honghai sea to the south and the Coral sea to the southeast. Northern Shangea borders the [[Great Steppe]]. Shangea is the second largest nation in the [[Kylaris|world]] in terms of total land size, after [[Cassier]]. <br />
<br />
Northern Chanwa is dominated by the Shalegho mountain range, with its highest point being located in the Wuxintai prefecture at Mount Shaowei at 2,678 meters. Further south in the Hongcha and Liaojing regions the country is dominated by plains and basins. Around 18% of the country is forested, mainly in the central provinces straddling the more mountainous north and the flatter south. <br />
<br />
Shangea is commonly considered to be a hilly and mountainous country, with only the coastal regions retaining flat land in the form of plains. As a consequence of this, over half the population reside on the coast whilst the more mountainous north remains much more sparsely populated. The south-eastern coast contains the majority of Shangea's arable land. Several rivers run through Shangea, the longest of which is the Liaojing (辽境) river located in the east of the country around the basin of the same name. Several smaller rivers run from the Hongcha basin, with Shangea as a result having a well connected water network. <br />
<gallery mode=packed heights=200 style="font-size:88%;line-height:120%"><br />
File:Qutang Gorge on Changjiang.jpg|Pangchu Gorge on the Liaojing river.<br />
File:Hunza Valley, view from Eagle's Nest.jpg|The Shalegho mountains in northeast Weishang province.<br />
File:AlshaaUul.jpg|The [[Great Steppe]] in northwest [[Chanwa]].<br />
File:1 yuanyang rice terrace duoyishu sunrise 2012.jpg|Sunset over the Jiangshi rice terraces in Yongba.<br />
File:Canola field in Luoping.JPG| A {{Wp|canola}} field in the Luoyang province.<br />
File:YangshuoFromTvTower.jpg| {{wp|Karst}} near the town of Wuchan in the Anqian province.<br />
File:Leifang Pagoda Sunset.jpg|A freshwater lake in the Nanqing province. <br />
File:Blick über Cheung Chau.JPG|Coastline around Baishadao island.<br />
</gallery><br />
===Climate===<br />
===Biodiversity===<br />
{{multiple image <br />
| align = center<br />
| image1 =Bai yun giant panda.jpg<br />
| width1 = 118<br />
| caption1 = {{wp|Giant Panda}}<br />
| image2 = Macaca mulatta in Guiyang.jpg<br />
| width2 = 127<br />
| caption2 = {{wp|Rhesus macaque}}<br />
| image3 = Alligator sinensis specimen.jpg<br />
| width3 = 233<br />
| caption3 = {{wp|Chinese alligator|Shangean alligator}}<br />
| image4 = Golden Pheasant 09.jpg<br />
| width4 = 132<br />
| caption4 = {{wp|Golden Pheasant}}<br />
| image5 = Cathay.jpg<br />
| width5 = 117<br />
| caption5 = {{wp|South China Tiger|East Coian Tiger}}<br />
| image6 = Qiqi, a Chinese River Dolphin (Baiji) 26.jpg<br />
| width6 = 260<br />
| caption6 = {{wp|Baiji|Whitefin dolphin}}<br />
| image7 = Turpan-flaming-mountains-camellos-d03.jpg<br />
| width7 = 230<br />
| caption7 = {{wp|Bactrian camel|Shalego camel}}<br />
}}<br />
Shangea is known internationally for having a large amount of biodiversity within its borders, being one of a handful of countries considered to be {{Wp|megadiverse countries}}. By some estimations, Shangea is the worlds most megabiodiverse nation alongside [[Satucin]]. Many species of flower and fauna that live in Shangea are considered to be indigenous or endemic to the country. Nevertheless it is considered to hold several {{wp|biodiversity hotspot}}s as some of the nations unique ecosystems have come under threat in recent years from human activity. <br />
<br />
Shangea is home to around 547 species of mammal, 1,218 species of birds, 498 species of reptiles and 342 species of amphibians. Of these 824 are on the endangered list due to ongoing issues such as urbanisation, destruction of ecosystems and poaching animals for their meat or alleged properties in traditional medicines. Some of the well known animals facing excitation include the {{wp|baiji|whitefin dolphin}}, the {{wp|South China tiger|East Coian tiger}}, the {{wp|Chinese giant salamander|giant salamander}}, the {{wp|Chinese alligator|Shangean alligator}}, the {{wp|golden snub-nosed monkey}}, the {{Wp|sun bear}}, {{wp|red panda}} and {{wp|giant panda}}, the latter considered iconic to Shangea. <br />
<br />
As a result of the increase in animals being placed on the endangered list in 1968 the Shangean government opened the first national park under the National Bureau for Forestry and Environmental Heritage. In 1985 the government launched the "Save the Panda" scheme that has attempted to reverse the declining Shangean panda population. An expansion of the national park system was undertaken in 2009 when the Executive Council created the Ministry of Environmental Strategy and Natural Resources as a result of growing international and public pressure on the country to better protect its wildlife. Nevertheless, extinction rates in Shangea are by global standards still above average which has caused huge controversy within the country. As of 2020 Shangea hosts over 500 wildlife sanctuaries. <br />
<br />
Shangea is home to over 30,000 species of plants, many of which are endemic to the country. Shangea's forestry is divided in several categories; moist {{wp|Pinophyta|conifer}} forests have an understory of {{wp|bamboo}} and are located in the centre of the country. In the south of the country the predominant forests are {{Wp|subtropical}} although some are {{wp|tropical}}. These forests contain the highest biodiversity in Shangea.<br />
<br />
===Environmental issues and pollution===<br />
===Urbanisation===<br />
{{Largest cities<br />
| name = Largest cities of Shangea<br />
| country = Shangea<br />
| stat_ref = National Bureau for Statistics, 2013 Census<br />
| list_by_pop = <br />
| class = info<br />
| div_name = Province<br />
| div_link = <br />
<br />
| city_1 = Rongzhuo<br />
| div_1 = -<br />
| pop_1 = 18,620,425 <br />
|img_1 = A View of Chongqing Central Business District.jpg<br />
<br />
| city_2 = Baiqiao<br />
| div_2 = -<br />
| pop_2 = 13,683,752<br />
|img_2 = Ausblick auf die Verbotene Stadt.jpg<br />
<br />
| city_3 = Kuoqing<br />
| div_3 = Luoyuan <br />
| pop_3 = 10,784,678<br />
|img_3 = Tianhe CBD.jpg<br />
<br />
| city_4 = Shenkong<br />
| div_4 = -<br />
| pop_4 = 8,745,623<br />
|img_4 = 南京中国科举博物馆.jpg<br />
<br />
| city_5 = Gaoming<br />
| div_5 = Qigao<br />
| pop_5 = 7,684,835<br />
<br />
| city_6 = Shanju<br />
| div_6 = Baozhou<br />
| pop_6 = 6,958,372<br />
<br />
| city_7 = Jindao <br />
| div_7 = - <br />
| pop_7 = 6,687,263<br />
<br />
| city_8 = Wudan <br />
| div_8 = Zhongan<br />
| pop_8 = 6,424,904<br />
<br />
| city_9 = Majing <br />
| div_9 = Anqian<br />
| pop_9 = 5,826,421<br />
<br />
| city_10 = Langang <br />
| div_10 = Nanqing<br />
| pop_10 = 5,456,851<br />
<br />
| city_11 = Banyin <br />
| div_11 = Chanwa<br />
| pop_11 = 4,382,158 <br />
<br />
| city_12 = Lunkeng <br />
| div_12 = Yongba<br />
| pop_12 = 3,756,285 <br />
<br />
| city_13 = Shanzi<br />
| div_13 = Luoyuan <br />
| pop_13 = 3,586,185<br />
<br />
| city_14 = Chaozhou <br />
| div_14 = Weishang<br />
| pop_14 = 3,462,688<br />
<br />
| city_15 = Kongyu <br />
| div_15 = Zhijian <br />
| pop_15 = 3,374,831<br />
<br />
| city_16 = Yinbao <br />
| div_16 = Jianghui <br />
| pop_16 = 2,872,740<br />
<br />
| city_17 = Liangzhi<br />
| div_17 = Meishan<br />
| pop_17 = 2,557,284<br />
<br />
| city_18 = Yilan<br />
| div_18 = Baishadao<br />
| pop_18 = 2,524,861<br />
<br />
| city_19 = Zhoujia <br />
| div_19 = Xufang<br />
| pop_19 = 1,767,731<br />
<br />
| city_20 = Wangzhuang <br />
| div_20 = Heping<br />
| pop_20 = 1,445,385<br />
}}<br />
Shangea has a rapidly growing urban population, raising from 22% in 1976 to 58% in 2013. Traditionally the majority of urban settlements are based around the Hongcha Basin and the Liaojing river. The largest urban settlements form an arc in the Hongcha Basin stretching from Kuoqing, Baiqiao, Shanzi, Shanju, Majing, Shenkong and Shiyang. Despite this the largest city since the 1600's has been Rongzhuo which sits in the Liaojing river. There are over 40 cities with over a million people in 2013 and the number is expected to rise to 60 by 2023. <br />
<br />
Shangea's urbanisation is marked by large {{wp|floating population}}s of rural migrants which constitutes some of the largest internal migration in the world. This rural to urban migration is influenced by restrictions in inter-administrative migrations which ties rural residents to their province or prefecture. These floating populations are marked by participation in menial labour and insecure work compared to settled urban residents. Managing internal migration is one of the most pressing issues in Shangea and something that has attracted increasing attention from official authorities which has implemented more measures to control it at a sustainable rate, although critics allege that authorities still rely on such migration as a source of cheap labour.<br />
<br />
==Economy==<br />
{{main|Economy of Shangea}}<br />
As of 2020, Shangea is the [[Kylaris|world's]] [[List of countries by GDP (Kylaris)|largest economy]] with (excluding [[Jindao]]) a nominal GDP of €4,683,916 million (€8,562 per capita) and €8,578,428 million by purchasing power parity (€15,681 per capita). Since 1994 Shangea has averaged a growth rate of 7% annually with the exception of the years 2005 and 2013, making it one of the world's fastest growing economies. Since the 2005 global economic crisis focus has been on economic stability rather then growth.<br />
[[File:A Sunset View of Chongqing Central Business District.jpg|left|The Rongzhuo Business District.|300px|thumb]]<br />
Shangea's economy is driven by a mixture of state owned enterprises (SOE's) and private businesses within the framework of a {{wp|mixed economy}}, with SOE's and industrial conglomerates dominating the economy over independent ventures. The close nature between the state and corporations has meant that economists have frequently stated that Shangea possesses a {{wp|Corpratism|corpratist}} economy, with the state dominating the allocation of capital through {{wp|indicative planning}}. This corpratist model which sees both corporate and state bureaucrats being the primary drivers of the economy has resulted in Shangeas economy to be called a {{wp|East Asian model of capitalism|bureaucratic capitalism}}. As of 2018 as much of a third of the Shangean economy remains under state ownership, compared to over two-thirds during the 1970's. The majority of state-owned enterprises are concentrated in natural resource extraction, certain heavy industries and the financial sector. <br />
<br />
Shangea is a {{wp|newly industrialised country}} with a rapidly expanding industrial sector. The country has a highly diversified economy with major sectors including manufacturing, mining, retail, steel, textiles, real estate, telecommunications, electronics and tourism. Prior to the move to an industrial economy Shangea's main export was rice with agriculture being the mainstay of the economy until the 1950's. Services constitute the majority of employment in the economy (42.63%) followed by industry (40.12%) then agriculture (17.25%). Shangea has a high amount of {{wp|rare-earth element}}s, having the worlds largest deposits of the materials. <br />
<br />
With a Gini rating of 39.8, wealth inequality remains a serious problem in Shangea. According to an independent study conducted in November 2015 over 36% of the nations wealth is concentrated in the top 10% of income earners in comparison to the lowest 10% only receiving 4%. Poverty is also a serious problem in Shangea with an estimated 20% of the population living below the international poverty line, and many more working in low paid jobs. The Shangean government has refused to impose a minimum wage, stating it would hurt Shangea's competitive nature oversea's, although an unenforced recommended "basic wage" exists. <br />
===Economic history===<br />
[[File:1962-05 1962年 京西煤矿.jpg|thumb|300px|A coal train in Shangea operating in 1934.]]<br />
Following the creation of the Auspicious Republic the Shangean government committed to industrialisation and the creation of a modern economy. To achieve massive and rapid industrialisation the state implemented an economic strategy known as [[Étatisme]] (经济国家主义; ''jīngjì guójiā zhǔyì'') which entailed {{wp|Import substitution industrialization|import substitution industrialisation}}, {{wp|Planned economy|central planning}} and partial {{wp|nationalisation}} of large industry. Capital allocation was handled by state bureaucrats whilst foreign investment was courted. The architect of this economic policy was [[Ma Renzhong]] who aimed to lead Shangea through a "decade of development". During the 1940's-50's economic planning and centralised control was used to industrialise and modernise the Shangean economy through the "industrial triangle" of state-owned enterprises, private conglomerates and foreign investment. <br />
<br />
During the 1970's the military government increased government spending on social programmes, infrastructure expansion and industrial modernisation. This was done through {{wp|nationalisation}}s, capital controls and restrictions on foreign investment whilst borrowing was substantially increased. This led to greater industrialisation but extremely high debts and increasing inflation; by 1984 the economy was in a state of crisis. This led to state officials to abandon import substitution industrialisation and support a form of {{wp|export-oriented industrialisation}}. This was couple with several {{wp|Shock therapy (economics)|shock therapy}} packages that saw the {{wp|privatisation}} of state assets, {{wp|deregulation}} especially of the labour market, increased investment into national resources, the dismantling of tariffs and {{wp|economic liberalisation|liberalising}} other sectors of the economy. These measures ecame known as the [[Economic Reorganising Programme]]. Initially economic liberalisation resulted in a contraction of the economy but by 1994 growth became extremely strong with the period becoming known as the "supply-side miracle". <br />
<br />
Following the 2005 global economic crisis the government abandoned plans to launch financial liberalisation and have instead reintroduced economic planning in the domestic market whilst boosting exports abroad. The economy has been restructured to reduce reliance on foreign investment and boost internal consumption, although export-orientated growth remains the basic aim, with more emphasis on corpratisation rather than privatisation of state-owned enterprises. The Shangean government have stated that the aim of these policies is to shift from neoliberalism to {{Wp|dirigisme}} in its economic strategy. In 2008 Shangea overtook [[Senria]] as the world's largest economy.<br />
<br />
===Agriculture===<br />
Whilst the importance of agriculture has consistently declined in Shangea since the move to an industrial economy in the 1940's, it still remains a integral component of the economy. The main corps grown in Shangea are {{Wp|rice}}, {{Wp|soybeans}} {{wp|sugarbeets}}, {{Wp|opium}} and {{Wp|jasmine tea}}. Farming in Shangea is concentrated in the [[Gaoming]], [[Baozhou]] and [[Anqian]] provinces, all of which are located in Central Shangea. <br />
[[File:Xianning-fields-9731.jpg|thumb|Farmers in the Yongba province|250px|left]]<br />
Shangean agriculture has traditionally been very labour intensive, with the growing of rice and tea traditionally being seen as a cultural tradition. There has been famines in Shangean history although with the development of modern agricultural technology Shangea has not suffered a famine since 1938. Since the 1950's most farms in Shangea are large scale commercial operations with traditional Shangean farms becoming rarer. <br />
<br />
Shangea has the world's largest agricultural outputs and generally promotes the liberalisation of agricultural tariffs in international trade. However food standards in Shangea remain low which has led to many to controversy abroad and frequent scandals in Shangea itself. <br />
===Currency===<br />
The official currency of Shangea is the [[Shangean kuai|kuai]] (块). Introduced in 1984 replacing the yuan the kuai uses a {{wp|managed float regime}} in order to keep control of inflation. The kuai is currently a fiat currency, with one kuai being worth €0.040. <br />
<br />
The [[Shangean Monetary Authority]] is the {{Wp|central bank}} of Shangea and reserves the sole right to issue banknotes and coins. It is run by a Chief Executive who are appointed by the Coordinating Minister of Finance and Economics on behalf of the [[State Presidium of Shangea|State Presidium]] with advice from the Monetary Authority's bored of directors. The Monetary Authority has recently seen its powers curbed - in particular its ability to print money to cover deficits - as part of the government's economic reform strategy. Jindao has a separate authority that issues money, the Monetary Board of Jindao.<br />
<br />
===Energy===<br />
[[File:6058-Liujiaxia-Dam.jpg|thumb|The Fuliang hydroelectric Dam in the Wushan province.|250px]]<br />
The majority of Shangean electricity (42.5%) is generated from {{Wp|coal}}, with 14.2% coming from {{wp|natural gas}}, 8.7% from {{wp|hydroelectric power}}, 18.1% from {{wp|oil}} and 16.2 from {{Wp|nuclear power}}. Shangean authorities have in recent years sought to expand the hydroelectric industry at the expense of traditional fossil fuels, although with the majority of Shangean electricity being generated by fossil fuels it is still dependent on such sources. The Shangean government expects electricity consumption to increase by an average 3.8-5.1% from 2020-2025. <br />
<br />
Shangea has one of the largest proven coal reserves in the world, with around 95,833 million tonnes being proven to exist in 2014, with the majority of coal being mined in the [[Zhongan]], [[Yujun]], [[Wushan]] and [[Tuohe]] provinces with smaller reserves found in the [[Jianghui]] and [[Zhijian]] provinces. A large proportion of Shangean industry is focused on the production and export of Shangean coal reserves - in 2014 it was recorded that 485 million tonnes of coal was mined in Shangea. All coal mining in Shangea is supervised by the [[Shangean Mining Confederation]]. <br />
<br />
In 2015 it was recorded that Shangea has around 18,500,000,000 m³ of proven natural gas reserves and 12,999 million barrels of oil reserves. Both natural resources are under the ownership of the state-owned Shangean Petroleum and Gas, although in recent years the Shangean government has committed to a partial privatisation and allow [[Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|Zorasani]] energy companies to extract Shangean gas. <br />
<br />
Shangea since the 1950's has actively pursued nuclear energy pouring billions in nuclear research. However the 1988 Yuxiang nuclear disaster where nuclear waste in a storage tank overheated and exploded with the force of 50 tonnes of TNT releasing 10 MCi of radioactivity led to concerns over Shangea's nuclear program, leading to two power stations to be closed down and for the government to invest back into fossil fuels. In 2007 the government under [[Yuan Xiannian]] announced massive investments into hydroelectric power with the Jiangshi Dam (one of the largest hydroelectric dams on the plament) being built between 2007-2015. <br />
===Industry===<br />
Shangea has since the 1950's built a sizeable industrial base with the main industries being shipbuilding and metal-products. Shangean industry was until the 1990's focused towards {{Wp|heavy industry}} with {{wp|light industry}} since developing at a faster rate. Since then, Shangea's industry has traditionally been based on the production of iron and steel, as well machinery and shipbuilding. Industry employs around 40.12% of the total workforce. <br />
[[File:Women working in a silk factory in China.jpg|thumb|A silk factory in Shenkong.|250px|left]]<br />
The fastest growing industrial sector in Shangea is the manufacture of machinery and consumer goods, with the development of both being accelerated by recent moves to liberalise the Shangean labour market. The majority of heavy industry in Shangea is state-owned by companies such as the [[Shangean Mining Confederation]], the [[National Bureau for Industrial Development]] and [[Rongzhuo Steelworks]] although in recent years there has been a move to privatise most industry. <br />
<br />
Textiles is traditionally the largest industrial sector in Shangea, especially that relating to silk and wool products. Silk was Shangea's largest export by the 1910's overtaking rice but declined as a result of the [[Great Collapse]]. This has followed a general trend for the increased manufacture of consumer goods such as televisions, household appliances and electronic goods. As a result of the increase in the production of electronics and consumer goods Shangea has acquired the nickname of the "workshop of the world". Light industry is currently the largest industrial sector in Shangea overtaking heavy industry during the 1990's in terms of contribution of GDP and industrial output. <br />
===Science and Technology===<br />
Shangea places great focus on scientific development as a result of Shangea's relative decline to Euclea during the 1800's, with there being a great focus on technological innovation by successive governments since the 1940's. Shangea is a leader in {{Wp|research and development}} with a R&D budget of €150 billion in 2018.<br />
[[File:Huawei Honor 6 MWC 2015.jpg|thumb|250px|A Lantu X1 phone, released in 2015.]]<br />
Historically Shangea has made some scientific advancements especially under the Xiang and Tao dynasties (in particular the development of {{Wp|gun powder}} and {{Wp|papermaking}}) but in the 20<sup>th</sup> century imported a large portion of modern technology. Shangean investment into scientific research increased during the late 1950's and early 1960's when the government created the National Association for Scientific and Technological Research, pairing industrial and scientific institutions and launching a nuclear research committee with the intention of {{Wp|nuclear proliferation}}. During the 1980's investments in the semiconductor industry are often said to have given Shangea a boom in the electronic sector which has increasingly expanded within the Shangean economy. Lantu electronics ({{lang-zh|labels=no|蓝图}}; ''lántú'') is the largest electronic company in Shangea that was founded to manufacture semiconductors but has expanded into LCD's/LED's, mobile phones, laptops, televisions and other electronic products. <br />
<br />
Since the 2005 global financial crisis Shangea has expanded its role in {{wp|e-commerce}}, with 38% of all e-commerce sales in the world made in Shangea. The e-commerce company Wangben is the largest in the world. According to a [[International Trade Organisation|ITO]] report Shangea has in recent years poured billions to expand innovation in electronics and computers in order to compete with [[Senria]] and Euclean countries who have traditionally dominated innovation in those industries.<br />
===Services===<br />
The service sector in Shangea - which includes banking, finance and tourism - is the fastest growing economic sector in the country. It is the largest sector in terms of employees with 42.63% being employed in service industries, although industry constitutes a larger proportion of GDP output. <br />
[[File:合肥城隍庙市场2.jpg|thumb|left|A market street in Kongyu.|300px]]<br />
The Shangean banking sector is largest in the world by total assets. Banking as a sector remains under tight state oversight with the three largest Shangean banks - the Shenkong Investment Bank, Shangean Bank of Commerce and Zhongdong Industrial Bank - remaining under partial control by the government. According to economists Shangea's economy has not undergone neoliberal financialisation like other major economies in [[Euclea]] and [[Coius]] which has afforded the government greater control over the sector. <br />
<br />
Tourism is an increasingly important industry for Shangea, receiving 52.7 million tourists in 2020. The industry has developed since the liberalisation of visa controls in the 1960's, with historical Shangean sites and its natural geography being some of the main reasons tourists are attracted to Shangea. The majority of tourists in Shangea come from surrounding countries such as the [[Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|Zorasan]], [[Senria]] and [[Gaullica]]. A large part of Shangean tourism is domestic tourism, as Shangea's expansive public transport system allows for relatively trouble free travel within the country. However Shangea is recent years has attempted to attract more international tourists by launching tourism campaigns in [[Coius]], [[Asteria]] and [[Euclea]]. Most tourists in Shangea travel to [[Rongzhuo]], [[Baiqiao]] and [[Baishadao]]. <br />
<br />
With the growth of a consumerist culture retail in Shangea is growing at a much faster rate. The largest retail outlets in Shangea is Shenzhang Malls and the Silk Market. Shangea has come under criticism for poor standards in regards to protection of intellectual property with counterfeit goods commonly on sale in the country. The country has acquired the nickname the "counterfeit capital" of the world. <br />
===Transportation===<br />
Shangea has a developed system of transportation via rail, road, marine shipping and air travel. In recent years the government has invested in its infrastructure to modernise it. Currently Shangea maintains several highways and motorways which have been expanded as car travel has become more common. Shangea's automobile industry has expanded in recent years as car ownership has increased. Whilst Shangea does produce cars domestically they are often lambasted for their poor quality, leading to a large amount of automobiles to be imported from Senria. Bicycles whilst there total use has been declining are still widely used in Shangea, with 9% of all trips in the country done via bicycle.<br />
[[File:DF11G with 25T.jpg|thumb|A diesel locomotive passenger train on the Shenkong-Luoyuan railway.|250px]]<br />
Bus servicing in Shangea is deregulated to prefectures and municipalities, with some bus servicing being {{Wp|Privatisation|privatised}} and others owned by local government. As such bus routes in Shangea vary from prefecture to prefecture, with some rural routes being unavailable by bus. Bus servicing in large cities however continue to be a widely used and convenient way to travel. <br />
<br />
Shangea has a total of 117 airports for commercial use, with 26 of those being international airports. The largest international airport in Shangea is the [[Lu Keqian International Airport]], located in [[Rongzhuo]]. Other major airports include Baiqiao Nanbian, Xiyong International Shenkong Airport, Sun Yuting Aiport Luoyuan and Yinlin-Yilang. The main airline in Shangea is [[Shangean State Airways]], a nationalised airline that caters for both domestic and international flights. There are however several smaller private airlines that operate in Shangea. <br />
<br />
Rail transport is well developed in Shangea, with major cities and other urban centres including those in neighbouring countries being connected by rail. The majority of rail services provided by the government-owned [[Shangean State Railways]] who divide their services into {{Wp|regional rail}}, {{wp|inter-city rail}}, and {{wp|rapid transit}}. Some high-speed lines are operated by a compendium of private train companies as are some international lines. Railways are some of the most used transport in Shangea with an average 380 million passengers carried in rail transport per year. <br />
<br />
Shangea maintains several ports, the largest being located in Rongzhuo and Baiqiao. Shanferry regularly runs maritime ferries from Baiqiao to Sakata in [[Senria]].<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
Shangean culture has undergone substantial changes throughout the late 20<sup>th</sup> and early 21<sup>st</sup> centuries but has mostly maintained thousand-year old cultural practices. Shangean culture is fairly conservative with traditional ideals of hierarchy, harmony, family, collectivism and respect to elders being mostly unchanged despite attempts to modernise them in recent years. Whilst industrialisation saw aspects of Shangean culture (such as {{wp|feudalism}}) seriously undermined, other aspects have remained dominant. Since the rise of {{wp|consumerism}} and the growth of civil society of the 1990's Shangean culture and society have started to more seriously examine the socially conservative aspects of Shangean culture, in particular its {{wp|social Darwinism}}. <br />
<br />
Traditionally calligraphy, poetry, literature, painting and Shangean opera have been the most respected parts of Shangean culture. The abolition of [[Shangean Cultural Preservation Programme|cultural controls]], growth of consumerism and foreign influences has meant that in recent years Xiadong's music, television and film industries have expanded rapidly overtaking traditional cultural bastions as the main indicators of Shangean popular culture. <br />
===Animation===<br />
[[File:The Girl and her deer.png|thumb|250px|''The Girl and her Deer'' (1964)]]Modern animation was brought to Shangea in 1907 when a short cartoon by [[Gaullica|Gaullican]] animator Félix Troquer was shown in Shangean cinemas, with the first Shangean animated short being made in 1923 by Shangean filmaker Deng Zixiang. Early Shangean animation was under strict censorship and used as propaganda in the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]]. It was not until 1947 with the creation of the animated film, ''The Jade Kingdom'', did Shangea get its first feature length animate film. Early Shangean animation was very much based on western styles fused with Shangean traditional artistic elements, especially in the realm of character design.<br />
<br />
The 1964 animated film ''The Girl and her deer'' (女孩和她的鹿; ''Nǚhái hé tā de lù'') was considered to be influential in the development of Shangean animation; it's animation style departed from western norms, emphasising water colours and the quality of animation rather than movements, and drew much more heavily on traditional Shangean art and was for the time critically acclaimed. Many animated films drew upon the ''The Girl and Her Deer'' during the 1960's-1970's and it is for that reason that those decades have sometimes been considered the "''golden era of Shangean animation''" - as Shangean animation drew upon classical Shangean literature and more abstract, creative settings it was able to more easily escape the censorship rules imposed on other areas of Shangean art in the 1970's.<br />
<br />
From the 1990's mass-produced Shangean animation has often emulated its more commercially {{wp|Anime|Senrian counterpart}}. This has been controversial with some groups wishing to promote more "authentic" styles of animation based on Shangean art. The shift was partly however as a result of an increase in Senrian animation in the country in the early 2000's, with Shangean animators focusing increasingly on prestige projects as a result.<br />
<br />
===Architecture===<br />
{{multiple image <br />
| align = center<br />
| image2 =CH Pek SP.jpg<br />
| width2 = 255<br />
| caption2 = The Palace of Heaven in [[Rongzhuo]].<br />
| image1 = Imperial Palace2.jpg<br />
| width1 = 130<br />
| caption1 = The former Imperial Palace in [[Baiqiao]].<br />
| image3 =东莱银行大楼.jpg<br />
| width3 = 260<br />
| caption3 = The headquarters of the Shangean Bank of Commerce in [[Gaoming]].<br />
| image4 = Ai Qun Hotel.JPG<br />
| width4 = 130<br />
| caption4 = The {{wp|art deco}} Auspicious Pearl Hotel in [[Baiqiao]].<br />
| image5 = Nanjing library new1.jpg<br />
| width5 = 230<br />
| caption5 = The National Library in [[Shenkong]].<br />
| image6 = Ryugyong Hotel - August 27, 2011 (Cropped).jpg<br />
| width6 = 100<br />
| caption6 = The [[Shujichu]] headquarters.<br />
}}<br />
Architecture in Shangea has traditionally been similar to that in neighbouring countries such as [[Senria]], [[Baekjong]] and [[Tinza]] with up until the late 19<sup>th</sup> century remaining largely unchanged for centuries. Traditional Shangean architecture emphasises bilateral symmetry, horizontal emphasis and layouts rooted in Shangean superstition with buildings being made out of brick and stone within a wooden framework. For ventilation enclosed courtyards, pavilions and "sky wells" are common in ancient Shangean architecture. <br />
<br />
Commoner architecture (i.e non imperial) traditionally is built in simple styles and low rung, with the height of a building traditionally denoting its inhabitants closeness to the heavens and thus their social rank. Imperial architecture in Shangea is distinguished by its use of blue roof tiles, again signifying the heavens as well as being the colour of the Emperor. {{Wp|Chinese guardian lions|Guardian lions}} are an integral part of Shangean imperial architecture. <br />
<br />
Starting in the 1870's Shangea began to embrace western architectural styles, predominantly those of a {{Wp|neo-classical architecture|neo-classical}} style (such as the Rongzhuo opera house) although traditional styles continued to be built. Following the [[Corrective Revolution (Shangea)|Corrective Revolution]] and during the 1940's {{wp|art deco}} styles in Shangean architecture - especially in [[Baiqiao]] and [[Kuoqing]] - became much more prevalent. Art deco came under heavy criticism from conservatives as traditional styles fell out of fashion, but continued to be built due to a liberalised construction market. <br />
<br />
Housing concerns during the 1950's led the government to slash funding for art deco and promote cheaper, functional styles instead most prominently {{wp|brutalist architecture}}. Although opposed by many the relatively cheap nature of brutalist architecture meant it continued to be widely built in metropolitan centres well into the early 2000's, when {{wp|neo-futurism}} became more prominent with reinforced concrete being phased out in favour of steel and glass.<br />
<br />
===Art===<br />
Shangean art has generally been consistent in style and tone from the Tao dynasty to the present day, having assimilated foreign techniques and concepts into traditional styles. Shangean art is usually used to describe Shangean paintings, pottery, and sculpture. {{wp|Modern art}} is greatly rareupon in Shangea, with classical Shangean art or Euclean {{wp|realism}} still being dominant. <br />
{{multiple image<br />
| align = left<br />
| image1 = Along the River 7-119-3 portion.jpg<br />
| width1 = 210<br />
| caption1 = A Shangean painting from 1267 by Yue Xuening.<br />
| image2 = Xiaodong Plate Art.jpg<br />
| width2 = 200<br />
| caption2 = A painted Shangean plate, 1553.<br />
}}<br />
Shangean painting is usually done on paper and silk, which is often mounted either on hanging or hand scrolls. Traditionally rich households had paintings done on folding screens. Shangean paintings are always drawn and coloured with brushes with styles often either being fine-brush with colour ({{lang-zh|labels=no|工彩}}) or heavy brush ({{lang-zh|labels=no|厚刷}}). Shangea's paintings are a wide array of nature, people and landscapes with the latter being the most highly sought by both domestic and foreign collectors. The mid 1200-1500's is considered to be the golden age of Shangean art. Traditionally Shangean paintings are drawn by a mixture of professional artists and their apprentices, although this practice has declined as art as become more commercialised.<br />
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Shangea also has a long history of pottery making, with porcelain being the main martial used in Shangea. Colbert is used mainly to produce ''blue flower'' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|青花}}) pottery which was traditionally Shangean largest cultural exports, having been mass produced since the mid-1500's. Blue flower pottery is believed to have been developed prior to the Tao dynasty, originating along the Taixin river. In the early 20<sup>th</sup> century intricate pottery fell out of favour for mass produced variants, but noticed a revival in the mid-1970's. <br />
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Early sculpture are mainly made from bronze and represent primarily human figures. During the Tao dynasty sculptures became larger usually made of stone and represented a wide array of subjects mainly for religious purposes - large sculptures were built at temples whilst smaller idols were for personal worship at home. Following the civil war sculptures continued to be used to deify figures whether they be religious or political, with metals other then bronze and gold being used for the first time. In recent years abstract art and sculptures have made an appearance on the cultural scene although remain marginalised by traditional approaches. <br />
===Cuisine===<br />
{{multiple image |perrow=2 |total_width=400<br />
|image1=Gastronomia china-Pato a la pekinesa5251.JPG |width1=200 <br />
|image2=Rongchen Hotpot Ella Xu.jpg |width2=200<br />
|image3=Hong Kong Dan tat.jpg |width3=200 <br />
|image4=Jasmine flower tea in Shanghai.jpg |width4=175 <br />
|footer=Top row: {{Wp|Peking duck|Stuffed duck}} and {{wp|Chongqing hot pot|Rongzhuo hot pot}}.<br>Bottom row: {{wp|Egg tarts}} and {{wp|jasmine tea}}.<br />
}}<br />
Shangea's food is primarily based around rice, vegetables, spices and meats and is traditionally cooked so it possess a {{wp|Umami|xianwei}} ({{lang-zh|labels=no|鲜味}}; ''xiān wèi'') taste. Shangean short grained rice is often steam-cooked and served with a variety of seafood alongside broth or soup. In most Shangean dishes red yeast rice ({{lang-zh|labels=no|红麴}}; ''hóng qū'') is used to ensure a sweet taste and a reddish hue unique to Shangean foods. Due to the countries coastal location, Shangean dishes often also use fish-related ingredients and flavourings such as fish sauce and shrimp paste. Shark fins are also traditionally used in Shangean cuisine most notably in its {{wp|shark fin soup}}, although recently there has been concerns that overfishing is resulting in a rapidly declining shark population. Shangean food is usually eaten with {{wp|chopsticks}} and spoons. Food in Shangea is made by various {{Wp|Chinese cooking techniques|cooking techniques}} such as {{wp|stir fry}}, usually performed in a {{wp|wok}}. <br />
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Shangea's varied climate means it can grow many types of food but staples common across all regional cuisines are {{Wp|rice}} and {{wp|wheat}} the latter which is used to make {{Wp|noodles}}, {{wp|jiaozi}} and {{wp|mantou}}. {{Wp|Soybeans}} are also used in a wide variety of contexts. Since the mid-1990's meat consumption has dramatically increased in Shangea particularly pork and beef, although it remains far below that of Euclea and Asterian countries. The eating of meat such as dog, monkey and bat meat is still done in Shangea but is considered to be controversial abroad. The eating of such meats has declined since 2013 with the banning of those three meats and crackdown on {{Wp|wet market}}s. {{wp|Entomophagy}} is widely done in Shangea. <br />
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Shangean cuisine can be divided into two main groups. Furong ({{lang-zh|labels=no|付容}}; ''Fùróng'') cuisine from the northwest of Shangea uses sweet and spicy flavours with steaming and stir frying being commonly used with beef, duck, pork and slow-cooked soups being used more with less emphasis of sea food. In contrast Zhujian ({{lang-zh|labels=no|朱建}}; ''zhūjiàn'') cuisine more widely eaten in the southeast mixes sweet and sour tastes and places much greater importance on seafood, fermented fish sauce and red yeast rice. Southwest Shangea is known for {{Wp|Dim sum|dianxin}} cuisine, although it is rarer in northeast Shangea. Immigration from Shangea to other parts of the world has resulted in Shangean cuisine to be more widely eaten on an international scale. Foreign food has also recently become more popular in Shangea; {{Wp|Japanese cuisine|Senrian}}, {{wp|Thai cuisine|Kuthinian}} and {{wp|Korean cuisine|Baean}} cuisine remains most popular although {{wp|Sindhi cuisine|Sataristani}}, {{Wp|Gujarati cuisine|Himavantan}}, [[Etruria#Cuisine|Etrurian]] and [[Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics#Cuisine|Zorasani]] have recently drawn interest. <br />
[[File:HK Sai Ying Pun 名星海鮮酒家 Star Seafood Restaurant round table March-2012 Ip4.jpg|thumb|Traditional place settings prior to a meal|left|250px]]<br />
Some of the most well-recognised Shangean dishes include {{Wp|hot pot}} (particularly the {{wp|Chongqing hot pot|Rongzhuo style}}), {{wp|Chow Mein|chao mian}}, {{Wp|jiaozi}}, {{Wp|spring roll}}s, {{Wp|vegtable fried rice}}, {{Wp|Peking duck|stuffed duck}}, {{wp|Sweet and sour#Guo bao rou|guo bao rou}} and {{Wp|Beef noodle soup#Braised beef noodles|Zhongnan beef-noodle soup}}. {{Wp|Moon cake}}s, {{Wp|egg tart}}s, and {{wp|red bean bun}}s are popular snacks. <br />
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Traditionally Shangean food is served communally; meals are eaten around a round table (sometimes a {{Wp|lazy susan}}) and shared by numerous people. Dinner etiquette is very important in Shangean culture, as meals are often used as forums for socialising and showing respect to ones peers and elders. In recent times meals have become more informal especially in urban areas, although etiquette and showing respect are still important. <br />
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Shangean {{wp|tea}} culture has often been notable in the country, with drinking from tea leaves tracing their origin to the Xiang dynasty. Shangea remains the nation with the highest tea consumption in the world, with tea considered vital for self-cultivation. Traditional Shangean alcoholic beverages are {{Wp|huangjiu}} (the most drunk alcoholic drink in Shangea) and {{wp|baijiu}}. {{wp|Wine|Putaojiu}} (grape wine) became popular in the 1910's when it was imported via Jindao from Gaullica and remains the most popular non-traditional alcohol in the country, with other imports such as {{wp|beer}} being rare. <br />
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Regions such as Chanwa have different cuisines then the rest of the country. Chanwan food often is defined by the use of {{Wp|ngapi}} as an ingredient. Food is often a series of salads defined around a single ingredient ({{wp|A thoke|a thoke}}). The most famous dish from Chanwa is a rice-noodle and fish soup known as {{Wp|mohinga}}. In northern Chanwa food is more similar to the [[Great Steppe]] with a focus on mutton, beef and horse meat, as well as various dairy products.<br />
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===Family and marriage===<br />
Shangean views on family are heavily informed by the concept of {{wp|filial piety}}. Filial piety is the term used to describe strains in Shangean philosophy that emphasise the relationship between children and their parents with emphasis on how children should be respectful an obedient to children. Traditional Shangean families are heavily patriarchal with the oldest male always being the head of the family and family inheritance (prior to 1940) being restricted to men. Prior to the 1970's due to demographic and economic strains it was traditional for three or four generations to live together in Shangea - however family planning in the 1970's led to a promotion of {{wp|nuclear families}}. <br />
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Traditionally Shangean marriages were complex affairs. A marriage would be {{wp|arranged marriage|arranged}} between two families by a matchmaker, with families expected to pay either a {{wp|dowry}} or {{wp|bride price}} (with the family of a higher rank paying less). Subsequently the spouse from the family of a higher rank would be expected to engage in {{wp|polygyny}} or {{wp|polyandry}} with the siblings of the lower ranking spouse, although men regardless of social rank were always allowed to keep {{Wp|concubines}}. Prior to marriage reform {{Wp|child marriage}} was not uncommon. Marriage reform in 1942 and 1957 saw the banning of concubinage, {{Wp|forced marriage}} and child marriage alongside severe restrictions on arranged marriages, dowries and bride prices. Economic pressures have also led to a decline in polygamous marriages, although such marriages are still existence in some parts of Shangea. <br />
===Film===<br />
Cinema was introduced to Shangea in 1902, with the first Shangean film being "''The Travels of Chen Huqiang''" which was made in 1903. Early Shangean cinema was heavily influenced and inspired by Shangean opera which was then the dominant form of entertainment in Shangea. Film making in Shangea at the time was centred in Baiqiao and Kuoqing. <br />
[[File:Legend of the Dragon.png|thumb|Poster of the ''Legend of the Dragon'', starring Shangean marital arts icon [[Li Changzhen]]||left|250px]]<br />
The first "talkies" in Shangea was made in 1928 during the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], and were primarily war and propaganda films intended to rally support for the war effort. The most famous was ''Leaving Home for Tousuu'' which pioneered cinematic technique in Shangea in the realms of editing, lighting and sound design. Shangean cinema suffered a decline in the early 1930's due to the after effects of the Senrian-Shangean War and [[Corrective Revolution (Shangea)|Corrective Revolution]], but by the late 1930's and early 1940's with a relaxing of political repression Shangean cinema entered its "''Golden Age''" of . Led by directors such as the Kang brothers and Guo Wenzhan the Golden Age saw films move beyond propaganda and embrace more realism and innovative cinematic techniques, with the most acclaimed films being ''Solitary Spring'', ''Death on the East Sea River'' and ''Ms Jiang's Secret''. During the 1950's the largest film studio - Jinhua Films - grew to have a virtual monopoly over the market leading to filmmakers to lose much of the innovation of the 1940's. <br />
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The late 1960's and early 1970's however saw the rise of low budget martial arts films explode in popularity, with the films of [[Li Changzhen]] (such as ''Legend of the Dragon'') being especially successful. Between 1967-1975 Shangean cinema entered a "second golden age" as martial arts films and romantic dramas became very popular, with independent studios driving both trends. The 1960's and 1970's golden age saw a tendenacy towards action and melodrama. The imposition of strict censorship in 1975 ended the second golden age, as martial arts films in particular coming under fire from authorities. The late 1970's to early 1980's saw Shangean cinema churn out regular films but ones that were commonly seen as creatively stagnant and corporate in nature. <br />
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The social and economic changes of the 1980's led to another resurgence in Shangean cinema, but unlike the melodrama of earlier years there was more emphasis towards neo-realism. Nevertheless, it was not until the release of ''Golden Rain'' in 2006 - a romantic drama film - that Shangean cinema has seen a renaissance in recent years. Modern Shangean cinema is often split between dramas and romances and action films, with a focus on realist acting and an increasing prevalence of both independent cinema and higher budget productions. <br />
===Holidays===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Holiday !! Shangean<br><small>Fuhao</small> !! Date !! Description<br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Chinese New Year|Spring Festival}} ||{{lang-zh|labels=no|春节}}<br><small>Chūnjié</small> || Turn of the traditional lunisolar {{wp|Chinese calendar|Shangean calender}} || Celebrates the first day of every year in the {{wp|Chinese calendar|Shangean calender}}.<br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Lantern Festival}} ||{{lang-zh|labels=no|元宵节}}<br><small>Yuánxiāojié</small> || 15<sup>th</sup> day of the 1<sup>st</sup> month in the {{wp|Chinese calendar|Shangean calender}} || Celebrates the last day of the Spring Festival celebrations.<br />
|-<br />
| [[Restoration Day (Shangea)|Restoration Day]] || {{lang-zh|labels=no|再生节}}<br><small>Zàishēngjié</small> || 14<sup>th</sup> February || Celebrates the [[Restoration War]] and the [[Heavenly Shangean Empire]]. <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Qingming Festival}} ||{{lang-zh|labels=no|清明节}}<br><small>Qīngmíngjié</small> || 15<sup>th</sup> day from the {{wp|Spring Equinox}} || Visit, clean and honour ancestors.<br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Dragon Boat Festival|Duanwu Festival}} ||{{lang-zh|labels=no|端午节}}<br><small>Duānwǔjié</small> || 5<sup>th</sup> day of the 5<sup>th</sup> lunar month || Commemorates fealty and filial piety, traditionally celebrated with dragon boat racing. <br />
|- <br />
| {{wp|Ghost Festival}} ||{{lang-zh|labels=no|盂兰盆}}<br><small>Yúlánpén</small> || 5<sup>th</sup> night of the 7<sup>th</sup> lunar month || Make offerings to the dead and ancestors to ward them off from troubling the living. <br />
|- <br />
| [[National Day of Shangea|National Day]] ||{{lang-zh|labels=no|国庆节}}<br><small>Guóqìngjié</small> || 20<sup>th</sup>-22<sup>th</sup> September || Celebrates the [[Corrective Revolution (Shangea)|Great Revolution to Correct Shangea]] and the founding of the Auspicious Republic of Shangea.<br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Mid-Autumn Festival}} ||{{lang-zh|labels=no|中秋节}}<br><small>Zhōngqiūjié</small> || 15<sup>th</sup> day of the 8<sup>th</sup> lunar month || Celebrates the end of the autumn harvest.<br />
|}<br />
===Literature===<br />
Shangean literary tradition stretches back to the development of the {{Wp|Simplified Chinese|Shangean script}} around 2000BCE. The classical Shangean canon is rooted in military strategy, geography, astrology and mythology. The Nine Texts ({{lang-zh|labels=no|九个文本}}) - as series of philosophical, historical and literary texts integral to Taojiao - continue to be taught in the state-sponsored examinations for civil service. Other seminal Shangean classics include Sijiu (a collection of Shangean folklore) ''Journey to the Gods'' and ''The Blue Chamber''. <br />
===Music===<br />
Shangea's music is diverse, having a mix of traditional and more modern influences. Traditionally, {{wp|Nanguan (music)|nanyin}} ({{lang-zh|labels=no|南音}}) music has been dominant in Shangea, having light foreign influences due to Shangea's coastal location and was mainly preformed by amateur {{wp|quguan}} groups who were often based around local temples. There are two main types of nanyin music - zhi ({{lang-zh|labels=no|指}}) and qu ({{lang-zh|labels=no|曲}}). Zhi is exclusively instrumental, being performed using {{wp|gongche notation}} and can be up to thirty minutes in length (or divided into five pieces, or dei) whereas qu uses vocals and is far less conservative then zhi, having a much wider range of pieces. Nanyin is performed with a {{wp|pipa}}, {{wp|sanxian}}, {{wp|Xiao (flute)|xiao}} and {{wp|erxian}} with singers using wooden flappers. In a "ten sounds" performance a {{wp|suona}} and {{wp|Dizi (instrument)|dizi}} is used. <br />
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Traditionally, musicians and actors were considered to be one and the same and were considered to be less respected then painters or writers. Musical influence from the [[Great Steppe]] and [[Satria]] also influenced pre-Toki Shangean music - the pipa for example if considered to have originated in the Great Steppe. {{wp|Heterophony|Heterophonic music}} is believed to have come to Shangea from Satria, but became a defining feature of Shangean music. Shangean singing, both in traditional and modern music, is marked by subtle tonal shifts and with lyrics more resembling poetry. Traditionally there was a divide between Shangean operatic and court music (the latter known as {{wp|yayue}}, and amongst the earliest to make use of an {{Wp|Chinese orchestra|orchestra}}) and folk music, the latter more being a wide array of different forms of music. Most folk music in Shangea uses the {{Wp|pentatonic scale}} and is rooted in {{wp|yuefue}} ({{lang-zh|labels=no|乐府}}) poetry. <br />
[[File:Li Zhou Xiaodong.jpg|thumb|Liu Zhou, considered to be one of the popular Shangean musicians|250px]]<br />
Following the Restoration War Shangean music began to resemble that of music in [[Euclea]], with use of orchestrates especially wind and string instruments, which were combined with traditional Shangean instruments. Shangean musicians would travel to northern countries such as [[Gaullica]], [[Werania]] and [[Etruria]] bringing over northern music and instruments which coincided with a general period of northernisation in Shangean culture. Symphony orchestras became popular in the 1880's-1890's amongst the elite in Shangea. When Shangean society became more militarised during the 1920-30's brass instruments were used more as music reflected nationalist themes whilst jazz and popular music were shut down by the government. <br />
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Following the Corrective Revolution and during the 1940's and 1950's {{Wp|jazz}} became very popular, predominantly in large urban areas such as Baiqiao and Rongzhuo, due to influence from [[Satucin]] and [[Gaullica]] prospering in the country without the burden of censorship. Many musicians during the 1940's incorporated jazz music in with traditional instruments, creating the unique "{{Wp|Shidaiqu|austral jazz}}" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|南爵士}}; ''nán juéshì'') style that was patronised by the state, often combining within them traditional forms of presenting love serving as a link to more traditional folk music. During the 1950's Baiqiao was often considered alongside Verlois and Gatôn as one of the jazz capital of the world. Austral jazz developed further in the 1950's as it began adopting more complex chord structures and tempo's although this move was resisted by older artists who bemoaned the move away from from traditional Shangean elements that made the style unique. <br />
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Austral jazz declined in popularity going into the 1960's and came under heavy government censorship following the 1970 Shangean coup. As a result of the censorship two forms of music became dominant - political music, which was promoted by the government and a modern form of Shangean folk music. This "new folk" music often fused traditional Shangean folk song melodies with a mix of traditional Shangean and western instrumentation, and often took the form of ballads. The 1960's-1970's saw the introduction of electric guitars and electronic organs/synthesisers to be used in Xiadongese music. During the mid 1970's-1980's, [[Liu Zhou]] was recognised as the most pre-eminent Shangean pop singer and became popular across Coius, mainly performing neo-folk music. <br />
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During the 1980's rock music became popular amongst the youth and was widely played and distributed on the black market, despite being frowned upon by the authorities. Nevertheless in 1990 the ban on rock music was successfully repealed and rock music in Shangea became extremely popular during the 1990's, especially heavy metal and after 1998 thrash metal. Punk music was also popular in the 1990's, with the first punk bands making a breakout in 1995. <br />
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Since the late 1990's the dominant popular music in Shangea has been "''Shan-pop''", often similar to its western counterparts in its style, with its growth helped by its use in television, films and other elements of popular culture. Since the 1980's, "''pop idols''" have gained fame and popularity in Shangea. Electronic music began to become popular in the mid-2010's, but has come under government censorship akin to rock music in the 1990's.<br />
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===Media===<br />
Shangea has several media sources with there being a semi-free press. The main daily newspaper in Shangea is the ''Shangea Observer'' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|晓东观察报}}; ''Xiǎodōng guānchá bào'') which is part of the state-owned Shangean Broadcasting Network, and is considered to be pro-government and conservative. The other newspapers include the ''East Sea Daily'' (东海日報; ''Dōng Hǎi Rìbào''), a privately owned paper that is more sensationalist and tabloid in nature than the ''Shangea Observer'' being known for its more {{wp|Populism|populist}} and heavily {{wp|Nationalism|nationalist}} editorials, the ''Shangea Evening Post'' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|晓东晚報}}; ''Xiǎodōng Wǎnbào''), a {{wp|Liberalism|liberal}} {{wp|centre-left}} paper that is anti-government and has a high circulation especially in southern Shangea, ''The Sun'' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|太阳报}}; ''Tàiyáng Bào'') an {{Wp|economic liberalism|economic liberal}} paper focused on economic and business news and the ''Global Review'' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|全球考察}}; ''Quánqiú Kǎochá'') which was previously a pro-opposition paper but since 2014 has been owned by the same company that owns East Sea Daily, now re-orientated to be more {{wp|right-wing populism|right-wing populist}} and nationalist albeit more upmarket than the ''East Sea Daily''.<br />
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===Society===<br />
:''Main page - [[Zhongxing system]]''<br />
Traditionally Shangean society is highly stratified under the ''Zhongxing'' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|種姓}}) system. The ''Zhongxing'' system, which forms an essential part of Taojiao teachings, stipulates that Shangean society is roughly divided into several social classes, commonly seen as large families. At the top traditionally sit the ''shiren''({{lang-zh|labels=no|士人}}; scholars and knights) and the ''guizu'' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|贵族}}; nobles and artisans), followed by ''nongmin'' (农民; farm people) and finally ''shāng'' (商; understood to be traders). Prior to the 1960's a fifth class, ''didengren'' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|低等人}}; roughly translates to subhuman) existed and was often used as a racial classification as well as a social one. Each social class saw themselves as an extended family, to the extent where family names are restricted to the social class one occupies. Each social class is expected to take a collectivist mindset that mandates that they help each other, whilst lower social classes are expected to support their superiors to retain a stable society. <br />
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The ''Zhongxing'' system was seriously undermined by Toki rule, which saw Senrians become a distinct {{wp|dominant minority}}. Despite the industrialisation that took place after the Restoration War, with which saw the rise of a new social class of industrial workers often straddling between the ''shāng'' and ''nongmin'' classes, the Restoration War nevertheless saw the system greatly strengthened as the ''Zhongxing'' system was reinterpreted as integral to Shangean culture. During the 1920-30's the system became more firmly entrenched as well as leading to discrimination to dramatically increase towards the ''didengren'' class in particular. <br />
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Following the [[Corrective Revolution (Shangea)|Corrective Revolution]] the ''Zhongxing'' system was formally abolished, with the influence of the ''guizu'' class declining in favour of the ''Tuhao'' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|土豪}}; new money) class, which consists of a mix of ''shāng'' and ''shiren''. Nevertheless the divides within Shangean society and influence of the ''Zhongxing'' system remain albeit in a modified form with the traditional classes breaking down in favour of the ''Xin Hokka'' system which consists of the ''Tuhao'', the ''zhongjian ren'' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|中间人}}; middle people) and the ''buyi'' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|布衣}}; commoners).<br />
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===Sports===<br />
Shangea has maintained strong sporting traditions since the advent of {{Wp|dragon boat racing}} around 2,500 years ago. Currently the most popular sports in Shangea are {{wp|martial arts}} followed by {{wp|Association Football|football}} and {{wp|basketball}}. Badminton, ping pong, and swimming have also recently gained popularity in Shangea. Traditionally archery, horse racing, {{wp|cuju}} and wrestling were the most practiced sports in Shangea. In modern Shangea, most citizens practice a form of {{wp|tai chi}} or {{wp|qigong}}.<br />
[[File:Parade-shangea.png|left|thumb|Shangean athletes during the opening ceremony of the [[2022 Summer Invictus Games]].|250px]]<br />
Shangea has long been associated with martial arts, often grouped under the umbrella term ''Quanfa'' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|拳法}}). Shangean martial arts are divided into various sects ({{lang-zh|labels=no|派}}; ''pài'') with martial arts often being rooted and inspired by Shangean philosophy. Shangean martial arts generally place emphasis on acrobatics and kicking (such as high kick and flying kicks). Shangean martial arts are encouraged today by all schools with thousands of training facilities and classes around the country. <br />
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{{wp|Cuju}} was traditionally a popular sport in Shangea being the first mass sport in the country around the late Xiang dynasty. It continued to be practiced widely until the mid 1940's when football started to take its place, thanks partly to the advocacy the National Federation for Football (formed in 1918) gave to the sport. Currently football is by far the most popular sport in Shangea being divided into five leagues - the Premier league, the first league, the second league, the third league, and the local leagues. The Premier league consists of the 16 best football clubs in Shangea, whilst the first league deals with the 25 next best teams. The second league also has 25 teams as does the third league. Teams advance to higher leagues if they are among the top four in the league at the end of the football season, whilst those at the bottom 4 places in the league are relegated to a lower league.<br />
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Other popular sports in Shangea include {{Wp|basketball}} which was introduced to Shangea in the 1960's and is managed by the National Basketball League, ping pong which is the largest amateur sport with Shangea producing famous ping pong players such as [[Li Jiangguo]] and badminton. The oldest sport in Shangea, dragon boat racing, is also still practiced with many watching the annual {{Wp|Dragon boat festival|duanwu festival}}.<br />
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===Television===<br />
Television is popular in Shangea, with the main three television stations - the state-owned Shangean Broadcasting Network (XBN), the free to view Rongzhuo Broadcasting Corporation and the largest cable TV station, TV Shangea. Shangea has a wide range of television programming including children's television, animation, documentaries, music television, news, sport and movies. Television dramas are extremely popular in Shangea, especially those set in historical periods and fantasy romance. <br />
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There had been almost no television in Shangea prior to 1947 when the first Xuling Television set was created. There were only three television stations - the Central Shangea Television 1 (ZDX1), the Central Shangea Television 2 (ZDX2) and Shangean Sports (XT). ZDX1 was exclusively broadcast in the Shangean language and aired a broad variety of programming from children television shows, the news and adult dramas whilst the ZXD2 aired similar programming, albeit often programs with lower ratings. XT meanwhile primarily focused on sports programming.<br />
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Initially programming was primarily political, mostly taking the form of propaganda films praising the ruling regime - even in the nominally sports centred XT more time was dedicated to political programming. In 1949 the first children's programme - Little Xie Yuanhong - was created, and in 1950 television dramas and comedies were created. Programmes rarely exceeded 20 minutes, and typically television shows lasted for 12 episodes a series. All shows were under strict censorship laws, and so often avoided certain subjects such as politics (or only showed the positive aspects of Shangean history) or religion. Television remained formulaic with most shows being contemporary in nature until the early 1960's, when the first science fiction and historical programmes started to be broadcast alongside documentaries. The XT channel was popular amongst Shangean being less politicised and respected as a reliable and (comparably) uncensored channel for sporting interests. There was an upsurge in the popularity of television in the 1960's and 1970's as programming became more diverse. Initially people appearing on television were also under strict rules. Men were prohibited from wearing beards, and there were a limited number of clothes and haircuts non-political figures could wear on television. Make-up was strictly prohibited. These controls were relaxed during the 1980's, when the first colour televisions were introduced.<br />
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in 1985 the ZDX2 and XT were privatised and the state began to allow private networks to be set up. ZDX1 was renamed as the Shangean Broadcasting Network (XBN) as private TV became popular. During the 1970's Shangean drama shows began to become the dominant genre and during the 1990's there was a notable increase in production values and script quality. <br />
===Theatre and Dance===<br />
[[File:Xiaodongese opera.png|thumb|250px|A {{Wp|Peking opera|Shangean opera}} performance]]<br />
{{Wp|Peking opera|Traditional Shangean opera}} has developed over centuries to combine music, vocal performance, mime, dance, and acrobatics within it. The earliest Shangean theatrical performances during the early Xiang dynasty were based on "mask performance" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|面具表演}}; ''miànjù biǎoyǎn'') which were silent mime performances that were played in the royal court. Travelling performers would often act plays in villages that were based in folklore with dialogue spoken in verse, but these shows were for a long time seen as vulgar. <br />
<br />
During the mid-Xiang dynasty {{Wp|zaju}} ({{lang-zh|labels=no|雜劇}}) performances became popular, with the roles within performances started to be separated between the ''sheng'' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|生}}; male characters) ''dan'' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|旦}}; female characters) ''jing'' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|净}}; painted face male often but not always in a supporting role) and ''chou'' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|丑}}; male clown and always a minor or supporting character). By the Tao dynasty elements of acrobatics and dialogue began to be common in Shangean theatre. Increasingly musical elements and singing was added to performances with the main instruments being used being {{Wp|Jinghu (instrument)|jinghu}}'s and {{wp|yueqin}}'s. <br />
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Under the [[Toki dynasty]] elements of {{Wp|kabuki}} influenced Shangean theatre, in particular a use of makeup over traditional masks and performances that often lasted full days. The [[Heavenly Shangean Empire]] saw the height of Shangean opera which began to exhibit plays based in history, mythology and contemporary life. Shangean opera continued to be popular until the 1960's when the popularity of films started to surpass it. Since then there has been moves to change Shangean opera (such as importing Euclean theatrical techniques, shortening the length of plays and putting greater focus on contemporary plays) to mixed success. <br />
{{Template:Countries in Kylaris}}<br />
[[Category:Xiaodong]][[Category:Countries]][[Category:Kylaris]][[Category:Countries (Kylaris)]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=National_Consolidation_Party&diff=773594National Consolidation Party2024-02-28T22:33:42Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
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{{Infobox political party <br />
|name = National Consolidation Party<br>Nationale Konsolidierungspartei<br />
|name_native = <br />
|logo = [[File:NKP logo modern.png|250px]]<br />
|colorcode =#FF6A00<br />
|founder = [[Konstantin Vogel]]<br />
|slogan = [[Sotirianity|Gott]], {{wp|Heimat}}, {{wp|Liberty|Freiheit}}<br />
|merger = [[Liberal Democratic Party (Werania)|LDP]], [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Werania)|SDP]]<br />
|leader1_title = Federal President <br />
|leader1_name = [[Anton Raicevich]]<br />
|leader2_title = Vice-President<br />
|leader2_name = [[Andrea Däubler]]<br />
|leader3_title = Leader in the [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]]<br />
|leader3_name = [[Elisabeth Biedenkopf]]<br />
|leader4_title = Leader in the [[House of Councillors (Werania)|House of Councillors]]<br />
|leader4_name = [[Jakob Böckler]]<br />
|founded = 13<sup>th</sup> May 1954 <br />
|dissolved = <br />
|headquarters = 17 Jorganberg Road, Westbrucken, Werania<br />
|newspaper =<br />
|student_wing = <br />
|youth_wing = New Generation Forum<br />
|ideology = {{wp|Conservatism}}<br />
|position = {{Wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
|membership = 101,463{{increase}}<br />
| affiliation1_title = [[Euclean Parliament|Euclean parliamentary group]]<br />
| affiliation1 = [[Alliance of Conservatives and Democrats for Euclea]]<br />
| affiliation2_title = Euclean affiliation <br />
| affiliation2 = Party of Euclean Conservatives<br />
|colors = {{color box|#FF6A00}}{{color box|#073A76}} Orange, blue<br />
|seats1_title = [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies (Werania)]]<br />
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|244|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
|seats2_title = [[House of Councillors (Werania)|House of Councillors]]<br />
|seats2 ={{Composition bar|130|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
|seats3_title = {{Wp|Landtags}}/{{Wp|Seimas}}<br />
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|314|1067|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
|seats4_title = Minister-Presidents<br />
|seats4 ={{Composition bar|5|11|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
|seats5_title = [[Euclean Parliament]]<br />
|seats5 ={{Composition bar|42|118|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
|flag = <br />
|symbol = <br />
|website = <br />
|country = Werania<br />
}}<br />
The '''National Consolidation Party''' (''{{wp|German language|Weranian}}'': '''Nationale Konsolidierungspartei''') commonly abbreviated to the '''NKP''' is a {{wp|Conservatism|conservative}} political party in [[Werania]]. It is currently the largest party in the country with a majority in both houses of the Bundestag. <br />
<br />
Formed in 1957 as a merger of {{wp|Criticisms of socialism|anti-socialist}} political parties with the intention to represent the {{wp|right-wing}} of the political spectrum, the NKP under [[Konstantin Vogel]] firmly established itself as the main party operating within an asymmetric two-party system with the NKP competing with a range of left-wing opposition parties. The NKP served in government from its foundation in 1955 to 1983 serving under a total of seven premiers. It remains the longest stint in power of a single party in Weranian history. <br />
<br />
In 1983 after economic difficulties the NKP would enter opposition for a 20 year period as it became the rival of the governing party, the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]]. During this period in opposition the NKP would become incredibly divided between its traditional {{wp|Christian Democracy|Sotirian democratic}} faction and a {{wp|new right}} faction focused more on {{wp|right-wing populism}} and {{wp|economic liberalism}}. In 2003 the NKP under moderate leader [[Sotirian Lowenstein]] led the NKP to a victory against the SRPO. Lowenstein implemented conservative fiscal policies, privatising industry and reinvesting it into supporting tech startups. Dealing with economic collapse in 2005 Lowenstein implemented austerity policies avoiding a bailout from the Euclean Community. In 2007 he led the NKP to a coalition government where Lowenstein supported Euclean integration and greater fiscal liberalisation. Resigning in 2009, his successor [[Dietrich Wittmann]] was unable to gain re-election placing it back into opposition. <br />
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In 2015 [[Otto von Hößlin]] became NKP leader. He has under the influence of deputy leader [[Jörg Bullmann]] moved the party to the populist right, supporting {{Wp|economic nationalism}}, {{wp|social conservatism}} and {{wp|Euroscepticism#Soft_Euroscepticism|soft-Euclescepticism}}. In 2019 the party became the largest in the House of Deputies and is expected to form the next government of Werania. In 2022 [[Anton Raicevich]] became leader and in [[2023 Weranian federal election|2023]] led the party to a majority government. <br />
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The NKP is a member of the Party of Euclean Conservatives, a member party of the [[Alliance of Conservatives and Democrats for Euclea]]. A centre-right party, the NKP is seen as more socially conservative and economically interventionist than other parties within the ACDE. <br />
==History==<br />
===Formation===<br />
The NKP was founded as a merger of the [[Liberal Democratic Party (Werania)|Liberal Democratic Party]] (LDP) and the [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Werania)|Sotirian Democratic Party]] (SDP) in 1957 by SDP Chairman and [[Premier of Werania|Premier]] [[Konstantin Vogel]]. Between 1942 to 1950 the [[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|Catholic Social Party]], [[National Liberal Party (Werania)|National Liberal Party]] and [[Centre Party (Werania)|Centre Party]] had governed the country as part of the [[Fatherland Bloc]]. The bloc during the 1940's became increasingly authoritarian as a result of the [[Valduvian-Weranian War]] that saw a destabilisation of the state culminating in the failed [[Colonels putsch]] and the break up of the Fatherland Bloc. The progressive, anti-war of the bloc formed the SDP which claimed to represent a break from the opd conservative parties.<br />
<br />
The 1950 election saw the KSP, NLP and ZP collapse as the SFP formed the Tripartite coalition with the {{Wp|centre-left}} [[Social Democratic Party of Werania]] (SPO) and the [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]] (OSAI). Subsequently the KSP and the NLP formed the LDP to represent a more conservative stance then the now ascendent SDP.<br />
[[File:217D5276-6300-4F14-B2F9-CAC5EBF62CDB.jpeg|thumb|left|250px|[[Konstantin Vogel]] (left) and [[Sigmar Welskopf-Henrich]] (right) two founders of the NKP and later premiers pictured in 1962.]]<br />
The Tripartite government commanded large majorities in the 1950 and 1953 elections implementing several progressive reforms as well as leading Werania into the [[Euclean Community]]. However the government suffered from internal tensions due to the alliance of urban socialists with rural conservative Catholics. In 1955 [[Konstantin Vogel]] - an outspoken critic of the tripartite government - became SDP leader. Legislation to increase trade union influence in the economy gave the SDP pretext to end the coalition leading to a {{wp|vote of no confidence}} in the government that passed. The subsequent election saw the right wing parties of the SDP and LDP gain a majority confirming Vogel as premier. <br />
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Vogel's SDP-LDP government implemented moderate policies, creating a {{wp|social market economy}} based on the doctrine of Catholic social teachings. The new government followed a mostly {{wp|Keynesian economics|demand-side economics}} with an active fiscal and monetary policy ensuring there was low unemployment, moderate {{wp|inflation}}, an expansion of the {{Wp|welfare state}}, the maintenance of the {{Wp|nationalisation|nationalised}} {{Wp|natural monopolies}} from the Tripartite government and income redistribution through public works projects. Nevertheless the government did still pursue some traditional conservative policies such as privatising state-owned breweries. As well as this the government encouraged the growth of ''[[Großkombinat]]s'', large business {{wp|Conglomerate (company)|conglomerates}} that were supported by state-intervention thanks to the nationalisation of banks by the Tripartite governments. <br />
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In the runup to the 1959 there were concerns of OSAI becoming the largest party and possibly forming a government with the SPO. Amongst the two coalition parties there was a feeling that the decline in both monarchist conservatism and classical liberalism meant the three parties increasingly came to resemble each other supporting Weranic nationalism, free-market economics and Catholic social values. As such in 1957 Vogel alongside LDP leader [[Ludwig Stadtbäumer]] announced the creation of the National Consolidation Party which would be a "big-tent" party representative of right-wing politics in Werania. In order to allow a constant rotation amongst the leadership of the constituent parties the NKP adopted a three-year term for federal president with re-election allowed only once. The NKP subsequently formed a close relationship with the Solarian Catholic church, Catholic {{wp|trade union}}s, ''großkombinat's'' and ''{{wp|Mittelstand|mittelstand's}}'' in order to boost its outreach to the electorate gathering supporters from all economic and social backgrounds.<br />
<br />
===Party of power===<br />
The NKP in its first election in 1959 scored a decisive victory getting 302 of 586 seats enabling it to govern with a majority. Like the preceding National Bloc the NKP benefited from divisions in the left with the OSAI, SPO and [[Radical Party (Werania)|Radical Party]] often competing for votes. As well as that parties to the right of the NKP such as the ORP and OBb were seen as being {{wp|far-right}} in character meaning that the NKP was able to present itself as the only credible non-socialist political force in the country.<br />
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The party's big-tent nature meant it primarily promoted centre-right policies with former KSP parliamentarians becoming the dominant tendency. Nevertheless the party still exhibited ideological diversity particularly on the issue of the [[Euclean Community]], ranging from pro-EC {{wp|European federalism|federalists}} to proponents of {{Wp|souverainism}}. Vogel, a moderate pro-Eucleanist, focused on sound economic management through a promotion of private enterprise and competition between Euclean nations. <br />
[[File:Wiefelspütz 1967 election.jpeg|thumb|right|NKP leader [[Rudolf Wiefelspütz]] celebrating the results of the 1967 election.]]<br />
In 1960 Vogel announced his retirement from politics preceding elections that year after developing early signs of {{Wp|lung cancer}}. His successor was [[August von Münstermann]] who shared much of his centre-right positions declaring the party stood against the "''revolutionary radicalism''" of the OSAI and SPO. However whilst the 1960's were marked by economic prosperity there were shifts in social attitudes with the rise of {{Wp|second-wave feminism}}, the {{wp|new left}} and immigration from former Euclean colonies. The NKP was largely unresponsive to these social changes shifting to a gradual loss of support. As such in 1966 the NKP lost its majority in the Reichstag getting only 292 seats, albeit remaining the largest party by a large margin (the second ranked party, the OSAI, gained only 169 seats). Although the NKP could've formed a majority government with the SPO party leaders refused this possibility with NKP Finance Minister [[Sigmar Welskopf-Henrich]] declaring that the NKP "''doesn't do coalitions''". As such the NKP agreed to a minority government with the [[Sotirian Democratic Homeland]] with von Münstermann continuing his role as premier. He resigned after declining to run for re-election for NKP president and replaced with [[Rudolf Wiefelspütz]].<br />
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Prior to the 1966 election economic growth stalled leading to Wiefelspütz to cut public expenditure. Wiefelspütz was seen as a technocratic figure with the government being re-elected in 1966 but his weak health meant he resigned in 1969 being replaced by Welskopf-Henrich.<br />
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At the 1970 election the NKP under Welskopf-Henrich secured re-election despite Welskopf-Henrich's wooden personality. Welskopf-Henrich continued moderately progressive social reforms whilst co-currently implementing budget cuts and reducing some of the welfare programmes started by the previous government, in line with policies pursued by previous NKP governments. The NKP remained popular thanks to dizzying economic growth due to the continued rise of großkombinat's, which accounted for over three-quarters of national output with many expanding further into other industries fuelled by state support due to loans given out by state-owned banks. <br />
<br />
Welskopf-Henrich was premier during the 1972 student protests which started due to the government's controversial control over university curriculum's. The protests eventually became a broader movement for social justice and economic equality with the Amalgamated Federation of Trade Unions holding a {{Wp|Wildcat strike action|wildcat}} {{Wp|general strike}} over the government's control over the upper echelons of the trade union movement. The country briefly came to an economic standstill with the government fearing revolution; as a result Welskopf-Henrich resigned as premier whilst calling a snap election. His successor was [[Renatas Vinkauskas]] who became the NKP's first [[Ruttland|Ruttish]] leade and premier. Calling on the "''{{wp|silent majority}} to vote against socialism''" Vinkauskas led the NKP a large electoral victory an effort largely seen as down to Vinkauskas's personal popularity and much of the electorate voting against the instability the protests had caused. <br />
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A member of the NKP social Sotirian faction, Vinkauskas was credited with creating a dialogue with trade unions and student groups following the protests. A charismatic politician known for his wide factional support Vinkauskas attempted to present himself as a moderniser heardling a move towards {{wp|liberal conservatism}}. Vinkauskas modernised the party's electoral apparatus, using television extensively crafting an image of himself as a modern leader who focused on long term development.<br />
<br />
As premier Vinkauskas attempted to oversee large infrastructure projects, most ambitiously aiming to oversee a decline in the power of Großkombinats in favour of mittelstand's, the traditional backbone of Weranian industry. However under his premiership the economy continued to record solid growth due to the continued aggressive expansion of the großkombinat's, despite economic slowdowns in [[Senria]] and other parts of Euclea. In order to avoid recession Vinkauskas's government responded with implementing more comprehensive incomes policy and cutting public service wages, leading to tensions between the NKP and its traditional trade union partner, the Confederation of Catholic Labour. This policy was at the time hailed by economists who credited the strong output of großkombinat's as saving the Weranian economy, but was later seen as flawed as it stunted domestic consumption leading to the großkombinat's to incur far higher debt through borrowing. <br />
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F050938-0023, Bonn, Tagung CDU-Bundesausschuss, Tindemans.jpg|thumb|200px|left|[[Renatas Vinkauskas]] served as NKP leader and premier from 1972-1980, leading the NKP to its greatest electoral success in 1972 but also its first loss in 1980.]]<br />
In 1976 the NKP once again secured a majority government. However several factors would lead to the NKP to enter a decline over the 1976-1980 term. Patronage politics had led to several voters to desert the NKP whilst the emergence of centrist forces such as the PMZ would present an attractive alternative to what was seen as an increasingly right-wing NKP. Most damaging was the merger of the SPO and the RP into the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]] (SRPO) in 1977 which emerged as the first big tent centre-left party in the country's history. <br />
<br />
In 1979 the Steinman Scandal had broken out which saw the NKP accused of soliciting favours from the Steinman großkombinat through an illegal {{wp|slush fund}} that funnelled Steinman donations to the party.<br />
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In 1980 as the balance of payments crisis worsened Vinkauskas made the decision to revalue the Reichsmark which incurred a loss of popularity for the NKP. The devaluation of the Reichsmark helped lead to the {{wp|Economic bubble|bubble}} of constant mergers and acquisitions by the großkombinat's to burst when the fourth largest company in Werania, the Einem Group, to file for bankruptcy. The großkombinat's debts were not only to state industrial banks but also to independent banks and their own financial services subsidiaries. The scale of the loan defaults meant that banks could neither foreclose nor write off bad loans without themselves collapsing, so the failure to service these debts quickly caused a systemic banking crisis leading to the Weranian government had to pump billions into banks and take a loan from the [[Global Institute of Fiscal Affairs]], seen as a humiliation by large swathes of the population. <br />
<br />
Loans from foreign banks meant that Vinkauskas was forced to cut public spending to deal with the recession, most notably slashing agricultural subsidies as well as undertaking a substantial devaluation of the Reichsmark. As well as this Vinkauskas was seen as uncharismatic and confrontational to trade unions, leading to more frequent strikes and economic disruption during the early 1980's. <br />
<br />
The Steinman scandal combined with the economic crisis led to a collapse in support for the NKP and led to 32 of the party's deputies to form a new {{Wp|Liberal conservatism|liberal conservative}} party, the [[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|Modern Centre Party]]. <br />
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The emergence of SRPO leader [[Ludolf Ostermann]] saw the NKP increasingly regarded as a party of old men out of touch with younger voters who had led to a historic mismanagement of the economy and sold Werania out to the GIFA. In the 1980 election the NKP remained the largest party with 196 seats whilst the SRPO overtook the OSAI for the second time as the second largest party, with the two parties together getting the best result ever for the Weranic left since the {{wp|popular front}} took power in 1918. As a result of the NKP losing its majority Ostermann formed a left-wing coalition between the SRPO and the OSAI putting the NKP into opposition for the first time since its creation.<br />
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===Wilderness years===<br />
The failure of the NKP to present a credible and attractive alternative to the left caused many younger members of the party to start to challenge the ideological orthodoxy of the party with Sotirian democracy, agrarian populism and pork-barrel politics becoming increasingly unpopular. {{wp|Neoliberalism|Neoliberal}} economics and {{Wp|populism|populist}} {{Wp|nationalism}} became popular amongst party activists who advocated a radical shift from the old consensus driven, centrist Sotirian democracy to a more {{Wp|populism|populist}}, {{Wp|free market}} direction. These activists believed the old system of nationalisation, strong labour unions, heavy regulation, high taxes, and a generous welfare state had led to Werania's economic malaise, recommending instead a programme of {{wp|privatisation}}, {{wp|deregulation}} and a reduction of trade union power being inspired by [[Patrica Flowers]] in [[Caldia]]. This faction was known as the ''neue rechte'' ({{Wp|new right}}) with proponents within the party including [[Egon Geisel]], [[Oskar Schweidnitz]] [[Elisabeth von Neudeck]] and [[Dietrich Wittmann]] who became known as the "[[Gang of Four (Werania)|Gang of Four]]". <br />
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Prior to the 1981 NKP conference the gang of four plotted to forward a {{Wp|vote of no confidence}} towards Vinkauskas's leadership with the intention of putting forward Geisel as party leader. Unwilling to allow the ''neue rechte'' to dominate the party Vinkauskas unexpectedly announced he would not run for another term as NKP president prior to the conference recommending his deputy [[Maximilian Frommel]] as leader. Enraged that Vinkauskas avoided a no confidence vote Geisel, Schweidnitz and von Neudeck alongside several other ''neue rechte'' deputies split from the party forming the [[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]] (DA). The DA soon became popular with voters concerned about rising immigration and deeper Euclean integration as well as arousing the approval of the business community who wished for an economically liberal but anti-trade union party. Concerns were raised surrounding Frommel, who was seen as an {{Wp|apparatchik}} with little charisma or vision. Unbeknownst at the time was that Frommel was suffering from cancer which resulted in him to limit his public appearances which created an image of him as being aloof and out of touch. As well as this, the NKP's political machine - which had been adept at acting as a locus for matching interest group money and votes with bureaucratic power and expertise - weakened due to being in opposition.<br />
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Frommel like his predecessors as leader was a pro-business conservative representing continuity within the NKP and as such initiated no major policy differences. In opposition Frommel advocated a relatively passive strategy believing the traditional divisions of the left would discredit the Ostermann government and that voters would quickly return to the NKP. In 1982 after facing severe economic problems the SRPO-OSAI government abandoned its radical {{Wp|socialism|socialist}} programme and adopted free-market policies at the insistence of the Euclean Community. This led to a large decline in support for the government leading to Frommel at the 1984 NKP party conference to declare for the party to "''ready itself for government''". However this looked unlikely as the split with the DA had resulted in approval for the NKP sharply declining hurting its image as a safe pair of hands for government and the economy.<br />
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F054634-0014, Ludwigshafen, CDU-Bundesparteitag, von Weizsäcker.jpg|[[Adolf Stahl]] (left) would lead the NKP briefly into government from 1987 to 1991.|thumb|250px|right]]<br />
An uptick in the economic situation and perceptions that the NKP was a divided party that stood for few core principles meant that in the 1984 election the SRPO was elected to a record second term in government. The NKP suffered a catastrophic result falling from 202 to 108 seats, easily its worst result up until that point attaining the second most amount of seats for the first time in its history. Many NKP seats went to the DA which debuted with 78 seats along with the Ruttish [[Sotirian Democratic Homeland]] which gained 36 seats. As a result of the terrible result Frommel resigned from the party leadership and politics in general. The 1984 leadership election was seen as a defining one for the party as the centre-right candidate [[Adolf Stahl]] faced off the ''neue rechte'' and former gang of four member Dietrich Wittmann for the leadership. By a narrow vote Stahl won.<br />
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The government formed after the 1984 election was a coalition between the SRPO and the [[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|Modern Centre Party]]. The new government would subsequently begin to promote a radical programme of reform supporting {{wp|social liberalism|social}} and {{Wp|economic liberalism}}. This led to several progressive social reforms such as the legislation of homosexuality and divorce and economic reforms in the form of {{Wp|privatisation}} and {{wp|deregulation}} particularly in the public sector. The new government saw a shift of economic power from {{Wp|state-owned enterprise}}s and the großkombinat's towards mittelstands and other {{wp|small and medium-sized enterprises}} (SME's). These measures were seen as highly reformatory to the Werania the NKP led prompting discussion within the party of the direction forward following the 1984 result.<br />
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Stahl started the process of party modernisation mainly with an overhaul of party financing and its ability to reach voters as well as setting up an array of {{wp|think tank}}s to support the party's ability to formulate new policies. However the issue of whether to accept coalition government remained divisive within the party with the old guard refusing to accept the idea on principle. In 1986 Blaurock announced that in the next election the NKP would be willing to offer coalition agreements with "''likeminded parties'' if the NKP attained less then 200 seats heralding a major shift in NKP policy. <br />
<br />
In 1987 the SRPO and PMZ government fell apart over differences in economic policy. Discontent with the government led to an uptick in support for the NKP which emerged as the lagrest party. The NKP however did not secure a majority and despite getting over 200 seats Stahl elected to form<br />
a coaltion with the PMZ. This move was incredibly controversial and the government was plagued with factional disputes. The NKP-PMZ government continued economic reform but in contrast to the SRPO led government introduced austerity and attempted to implement union busting and right to work legislation. As a result they quickly became unpopular and the NKP suffered a defeat at the 1991 elections to the SRPO led by [[Wolfgang Löscher]]. Stahl resigned as leader and was replaced by Edmund Blaurock.<br />
<br />
Although being associated with the old guard of the party Blaurock recognised that the NKP needed to reinvent itself if it was to credibly challenge the SRPO and maintain its position as the leading party of the right over the DA. Blaurock also recognised that the party was seen by voters as being out of touch with modern Werania and that it appealed solely to rural, conservative Catholics. Blaurock started the process of party modernisation mainly with an overhaul of party financing and its ability to reach voters as well as setting up an array of {{wp|think tank}}s to support the party's ability to formulate new policies. Nevertheless the NKP was unable to win the 1995 election due to the excellent economic conditions at the time with the SRPO government of Wolfgang Löscher being re-elected. <br />
<br />
Following the 1995 election Blaurock committed several institutional reforms within the party instituting an age limit of 75 for parliamentary candidates and promoting more women within the parliamentary party. Blaurock also abolished term limits for the NKP president to give stability to the post of leader. Blaurock also shifted the party to the right, promoting a more stringent form of {{Wp|economic liberalism}} declaring upon his election that "''{{Wp|there is no alternative}} to an economic based on entirely free-market principles''" whilst also differentiating the NKP from the SRPO-led government by promoting an explicitly souverainist policy regarding the Euclean Community. <br />
<br />
The 1995-1999 legislature saw Blaurock continue to modernise the party placing more power in its executive and reaching out to opposition parties such as the SDT and the DA which were seen as potential coalition partners. In the runup to the 1999 election the NKP were confident they would become the largest party and form government for the first time since 1979. Blaurock's campaign as such in February 1999 unveiled an extremely right-wing programme that called for amongst other things rescinding many labour protections, restricting the right to industrial action, implementation of a {{wp|flat tax}} and raising {{wp|value added tax|VAT}}. These proposals led to Löscher to embark on a vigorous campaign painting the NKP as a party that was solely supported by the wealthy, running a {{wp|negative campaign}} that also portrayed Blaurock as a weak and indecisive leader. As a result of the right-wing proposals and the negative campaigning by the SRPO the NKP's polling lead narrowed as the SRPO regained lost support. Although the NKP would get the most amount of votes their seat count - 187 - was exactly the same as the SRPO who formed a coalition with the OSAI. As a result Blaurock resigned as party leader in 2001 stating two electoral losses meant "''it is clear that I do not hold the support of the Weranian people''" retiring from politics completely.<br />
[[File:Wulff Christian 6059.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Sotirian Lowenstein]] led the NKP to two election victories in 2003 and 2007.|left]]<br />
Following Blaurock's resignation party elites soon supported [[Sotirian Lowenstein]] for leader. Although never serving in the federal government Lowenstein had been the Minister-President of Roetenberg and was respected for his consensus driven style. He was elected unopposed as party leader representing a victory for the moderate wing of the party. <br />
<br />
The SRPO-OSAI government during the early 2000's was marked by infighting and fatigue after 16 years of SRPO governance. The 2000 election saw the NKP achieve 240 seats due to the unpopularity of the centre-left coalition. Lowenstein formed a government with the Democratic Alternative party, marking the end of the NKP's 12 years in opposition and the first time the NKP formed a coalition government.<br />
<br />
===Modern history===<br />
The Lowenstein government came to power under a context of healthy economic growth but a poor employment rate with Lowenstein declaring that conquering unemployment would be the government's priority. Lowenstein himself was seen as {{Wp|fiscal conservatism|fiscally conservative}} supporting a restraint on public expenditure and tax cuts whilst also being socially conservative. However Lowenstein was also seen as being pro-Euclean supporting deeper integration in contrast to his DA coalition allies. <br />
<br />
Upon coming to power Lowenstein implemented a programme of tax cuts and a raise in public expenditure due to the budget surplus left by the prior government. The government also lessened some of the liberal policies of the previous government tightening drug laws and implementing tough new laws regarding immigration, with the system being transformed into a skills based points system for non-EC migrants. The government also slashed the {{wp|capital gains tax}} in 2000 leading to a housing boom. In the initial years of Lowenstein government the NKP benefited from good polling and the weak state of the opposition, but tensions over Euclean policy mounted with the DA coalition partners. In 2004 DA leader and Finance Minister [[Egon Geisel]] unexpectedly announced he would resign from government and withdraw the DA from the coalition agreement. A large amount of the DA disagreed with this proposal with Health Minister [[Theodore Goetzberger]] and the more centre-right faction of the party staying in government as part of the [[Reform Conservatives Party]]. During his preimiership Lowenstein built a close relationship with her [[Gaullica|Gaullican]] counterpart, [[Alexandre Lévesque]].<br />
<br />
In 2005 at the start of the global financial crisis Werania's economy entered a severe recession with the collapse of the Stiemark Investment and Savings Bank and the bursting of the housing market bubble resulting in sales and property values collapsing. As a result of the recession the government in 2005 announced a 2 year unlimited guarantee of all debt for 4 leading banks, with the debts totalling €700 billion at the start of the guarantee. To ensure it could take on such debts, the government announced severe cuts to education, healthcare, defence, welfare and pensions as well as reversing income tax cuts and beginning to run a deficit. These measures were unpopular with the NKP's support dissipating and anti-austerity protests being held around the country. The economic situation worsened as the government refused to apply for a bailout from the EC. <br />
<br />
In the 2007 election the NKP again came first with 215 seats whilst radical parties on the right and left rose in seats. The NKP formed a coalition with the RKP and the SDT continuing a programme of austerity to prevent any need for a bailout from the EC.<br />
<br />
In 2009 Lowenstein decided not to run for another term as NKP leader and thereby premier. The party as such elected finance minister [[Dietrich Wittmann]] as his successor. Although formally a major figure in the ''neue rechte'' faction Wittmann since shifted to a more moderate position albeit still being a strong advocate of further economic liberalisation. His government continued austerity measures but without the popular figure of Lowenstein the reforms were seen as increasingly unfair with the NKP losing popularity. Wittmann was unable to revive the party's electoral fortunes and they were heavily defeated in the election although Schaefer stayed on as leader. <br />
<br />
In opposition the new leader Gustav Schaefer attempted to present the NKP as a "''party of the progressive centre-right''" whilst continuing to support austerity policies in order to maintain fiscal credibility to the Euclean Community .He emphasised the party's fiscal responsibility against the SRPO-PMZ coalition whom he accused of "''reckless tax and spend''" policies urging fiscal restraint. The party also became more overtly Euclesceptic with Schaefer declaring that he would hold a referendum on the Euclo if Werania was forced to finance a bailout for countries such as [[Amathia]]. <br />
[[File:President Emmanuel Macron at the 59th MSC, Munich, 2023-02-17.jpg|thumb|[[Anton Raicevich]] led the NKP to a majority government in the [[2023 Weranian federal election]].]]<br />
Schaefer had been the Minister-President of Wolfsfled and as a result concentrated power amongst his colleagues from his time in Wolfsfled, leading to much of the party to actively agitate against his leadership, especially the party's conservative wing. Schaefer was unable to increase support for the NKP especially following the Kleinmann Affair where Schaefer was accused of taking undisclosed political donations from the construction company Kleinmann. At the 2013 House of Councillors elections - considered a barometer for public support - the NKP saw only marginal gains compared to the 2009 election. Under Schaefer the NKP opposed the legislation of same-sex marriage. <br />
<br />
Nevertheless an unpopular pension reform plan by the SRPO-PMZ government in 2014 saw the NKP regain their place in the polls leading to the SRPO to oust their leader and premier [[Emilia Koopmann]] and replace her with [[Viktor Oberhauser]]. This led to the SRPO to regain their place in the polls getting 157 seats in the 2015 election with the NKP gaining only 9 seats at the election. Oberhauser formed a government with the PMZ whilst Schaefer tendered his resignation as party leader facing criticism from all quarters of the party. <br />
<br />
Following Schaefer's resignation former Defence Minister [[Otto von Hößlin]] was elected as the NKP incumbent leader. Von Hößlin's leadership has seen a shift to {{Wp|right-wing populism|right-wing populist}} rhetoric calling for a more Euclesceptic foreign policy, tougher immigration policy and economic nationalist measures such as a promotion of Weranian goods, {{wp|welfare chauvinism}} and ending the neoliberal policies of the SRPO-PMZ-SDT government. Von Hößlin's leadership in opposition saw support for the NKP increase due to a rightward, Euclesceptic shift in Weranic public opinion partly in response to the unpopularity of the Oberhauser government. Much of the shift to the right was promoted by NKP deputy leader [[Jörg Bullmann]] who was close to the [[Etruria|Etrurian]] [[Tribune Movement]]. Von Hößlin was re-elected to the party leadership in 2018. <br />
<br />
The 2019 election saw the NKP attain 244 seats, the party's best result since mid-2000's. Von Hößlin form a coalition government with the Democratic Alternative with von Hößlin becoming the tenth NKP premier. The NKP-DA coalition had since coming to power largely focused on implementing tougher rules regarding immigration, liberalising sectors of the economy and expanding various welfare programmes. In 2022 von Hösslin resigned as premier being replaced by [[Anton Raicevich]]. In the [[2023 Weranian federal election]] the NKP won a majority government enabling them to form a single-party cabinet. <br />
<br />
==Ideology==<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Эммануэль Макрон (20-07-2018).jpg<br />
|width1=150<br />
|caption1=Federal president [[Anton Raicevich]]<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=150<br />
|caption2=Vice-President [[Andrea Däubler]]<br />
|image2=2017-12-18-Julia Klöckner-hart aber fair-1316.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
The National Consolidation Party is seen as a {{wp|big tent|catch-all}} party with it's traditional slogan - ''[[Sotirianity|Gott]], {{wp|Heimat}}, {{wp|Liberty|Freiheit}}'' - intending to exemplify it's fusion of {{wp|Christian democracy|Sotirian democracy}}, {{wp|nationalism}} and {{wp|liberalism}} into a single {{wp|conservatism|conservative}} party. The NKP was formed to represent the predominantly rural [[Solarian Catholic Church|Catholic]] community and as such adopted policies in spirit with Sotirian democratic and {{Wp|Agrarianism|agrarian}} philosophy. Over time it has developed into a {{Wp|centre-right}} {{Wp|Conservatism|conservative}} party supporting {{Wp|social conservatism}} and {{wp|economic liberalism}} although has more {{wp|liberal conservatism|liberal}} and {{wp|Economic interventionism|interventionist}} tendencies. The NKP is a strong proponent of {{Wp|Subsidiarity (Catholicism)|subsidiarity}}. <br />
<br />
On economic matters, the NKP is strongly influenced by {{wp|economic liberalism}}, being the main party responsible for the creation of Werania's {{Wp|social market economy}}. Prior the collapse of the großkombinat's in the 1970's the NKP strongly supported their development over mittelstands but by the 1990's has re-orientated to support a mix of large conglomerates and SME's. Since the 1980's the NKP has promoted {{wp|neoliberalism|neoliberal}} economic policies such as {{Wp|privatisation}} and {{Wp|deregulation}}. Generally the modern NKP's economic policies have been described as populist due to their support of low taxes and generous social spending despite a rhetorical commitment to small government. Since the 1990's the NKP have supported {{wp|supply-side economics}} seeing higher taxes on the wealthy as detrimental for economic growth. The NKP opposed the introduction of a federal {{wp|minimum wage}} and oppose further increases to it on the grounds it is bad for job creation. In recent years the NKP have spearheaded moves to introduce a {{wp|balanced budget amendment}} (''{{wp|Debt brake (Germany)|Schuldenbremse}}'') to the Weranian constitution. <br />
<br />
On social policy, the NKP has been traditionally seen as conservative opposing legalised {{Wp|euthanasia}}, supporting greater restrictions on {{wp|abortion}}, favouring tight {{wp|immigration}} laws and supporting {{Wp|nationalism|nationalist}} policies. However, the NKP has generally been pragmatic in certain areas promising in the 2015 election not to amend the current laws surrounding abortion. <br />
<br />
On foreign policy the NKP for much of its history has been moderately Euclesceptic party, with their position being described as supporting ''{{wp|Souverainism|souverainisme}}''. The NKP currently support reforming the [[Euclean Community]] to be more focused on economic rather than political integration. The party was split over the prospect of [[Etruria]] joining the bloc in 2016 with some factions supporting it's membership whilst others were strenuously opposed on financial grounds although the [[Etruria Euclean Community membership referendum, 2016|failure of the 2016 referendum]] made the debate within the party moot. The NKP has also traditionally supported close relations with [[Senria]] in [[Coius]] being strongly critical of [[Shangea]] and [[Dezevau]]. In the mid-20th century the NKP was more dovish towards [[Soravia]], but have increasingly taken a hardline anti-Soravian stance since the [[Sostava War]] when Werania supported the independence of Soravia's former constituent states. They strongly support increasing defence spending.<br />
<br />
The NKP see environmental regulations as a burden on the economy and support market based solutions to climate change. Although the NKP does support the validity of {{wp|climate change}} they are split on whether humans contribute to it with a significant amount being {{wp|climate change denial|climate change deniers}}. The NKP oppose a {{wp|carbon tax}} and other command and control methods of environmental regulation. The NKP support {{wp|Hydraulic fracturing|fracking}}. <br />
===Factions===<br />
Due to the nature of the NKP's creation - that of a merger of parties intending to represent the broad right-wing spectrum of Weranian politics - the party contains several informal ideological factions ranging from {{wp|liberalism|liberal}}s to {{wp|right-wing populism|populists}}. Factions tend to within them contain various ideological strands being organised by charismatic figures. Factions play a large role in the NKP's internal politics although their influence has weakened over time as the NKP has become more ideologically homogenous. <br />
*{{wp|Christian democracy|Sotirian democrats}} - the historically dominant faction of the party. They mainly consist of Sotirian democrats tracing their heritage to the [[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|Catholic Social Party]] and {{wp|Agrarianism|agrarianists}}. The mainstream conservatives traditionally opposed both free-market capitalism and socialism, instead promoting a "{{wp|social market economy}}" based on the principles of {{wp|sphere sovereignty}} and {{Wp|subsidiarity}}. In the 1980's they became more economically liberal and now are seen as supporting free-market economics and small government whilst maintaining a welfare state. Mainstream conservatives in the party tend to support the [[Euclean Community]] with a minority favouring Euclean federalism. Since the 2000's the mainstream conservatives influence has weakened in favour of the new right and populists and have increasingly transitioned to {{wp|liberal conservatism}} supporting a more conciliatory social policy whilst defending {{Wp|neoliberalism}}. Former premiers [[Konstantin Vogel]], [[Adolf Stahl]], [[Rudolf Wiefelspütz]], [[Johannes Zollitsch]] and [[Renatas Vinkauskas]] were from the mainline conservative faction although [[Sotirian Lowenstein]] was considered close to this faction. <br />
*{{wp|Traditionalist conservatism|Traditionalist conservatives}} - mainly descending from the [[Weranian Fatherland Party]]. Traditionalist conservatives tend to be extremely socially conservative and nationalist with some supporting völkisch politics. They also are opposed to the Euclean Community. The traditionalist conservatives largely declined in the 1970's with the right-wing of the NKP being supplanted by populists and the new right. Former premier [[Sigmar Welskopf-Henrich]] were from the conservative faction. <br />
*{{wp|Liberalism|Liberals}} - Historically coming from the [[National Liberal Party (Werania)|National Liberal Party]] they are considered the most pro-business faction and largely support {{Wp|economic liberalism}}, free trade, privatisation, individualism and {{wp|secularism}}. Liberals in the NKP are divided between {{wp|National liberalism|national liberals}} who support a more conservative form of {{Wp|cultural nationalism}}, {{Wp|Social liberalism|social liberals}} who support more liberal policies in the social sphere and {{wp|green liberalism}} and {{wp|neoliberalism|neoliberals}} who mainly focus on economic liberalism. Former premier [[August von Münstermann]] was from the liberal faction. <br />
*{{wp|Neoconservatives}} - the neoconservatives are characterised by support for free markets, financial discipline, firm control over public expenditure, tax cuts, Weranic nationalism, traditional values, privatisation, populism and hard Euclescepticism. They also support an interventionist policy abroad and are adamantly anti-socialist. The neoconservatives tend to be {{Wp|fiscal conservatism|fiscal conservatives}} supporting balanced budgets as well as low taxation. Although the neoconservative faction declined following the creation of the Democratic Alternative the rose to prominence during the 1990's particularly due to the decline of the liberal conservatives and Sotirian democrats. Premiers Sotirian Lowenstein, [[Dietrich Wittmann]] and incumbent [[Otto von Hößlin]] are most heavily associated with the neoconservatives. <br />
*{{wp|Populism|Populist}}s - emerging from the protectionist, populist tradition of the [[Rural Federation]] the populist faction has historically been the weakest. They tend to support forms of {{Wp|national conservatism|national conservatism}} and {{Wp|economic nationalism}}. They tend to be the most interventionist on economic issues being more critical of {{wp|economic liberalism}} then the other faction. The populists are also the most strongly anti-immigration heavily using nationalist rhetoric and also tend to be {{wp|Souverainism|souverainist}} supporting a "Euclea of nations". Of all the factions the populists are the strongest supporters of political reform. Incumbent premier [[Anton Raicevich]] comes from the populist faction with Johannes Zollitsch and Otto von Hösslin also being seen as close to this faction.<br />
<br />
==Organisation==<br />
{{Infobox political party<br />
| country = <br />
| name = State Lower House Seats<br />
| native_name = <br />
| colorcode = #FF6A00<br />
| seats1_title = [[Landtag of Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken|Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken]]<br />
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|30|105|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats2_title = [[Landtag of Cislania|Cislania]]<br />
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|82|202|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats3_title = [[Landtag of Elbenweis|Elbenweis]]<br />
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|26|95|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats4_title = [[Landtag of Kolreuth|Kolreuth]]<br />
| seats4 = {{Composition bar|5|48|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats6_title = [[Landtag of Prizen|Prizen]]<br />
| seats6 = {{Composition bar|38|113|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats7_title = [[Seimas of Ruttland|Ruttland]]<br />
| seats7 = {{Composition bar|11|125|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats8_title = [[Landtag of Rotenberg|Rotenberg]]<br />
| seats8 = {{Composition bar|51|121|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats9_title = [[Landtag of Westbrücken|Westbrücken]]<br />
| seats9 = {{Composition bar|8|83|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats10_title = [[Landtag of Wittislich|Wittislich]]<br />
| seats10 = {{Composition bar|22|35|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats11_title = [[Landtag of Wolfsfled|Wolfsfled]]<br />
| seats11 = {{Composition bar|42|101|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
}}<br />
The National Consolidation Party organises itself on a federal, provincial and municipal level running in every province. At the apex of the NKP's organisation its the party federal president. The NKP president when in government is the [[Premier of Werania|premier]] and when in opposition serves as the party's leader in the [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]]. The federal president is elected to three year terms, with the president having no term limits. If a president resigns a replacement is elected to serve the rest of their term.<br />
<br />
The other leaders in the party include the vice-president and the party's leaders in the [[House of Councillors (Werania)|House of Councillors]] and the House of Deputies. The party president is elected by the parliamentary party in the Bundestag through preference voting whenever a vacancy appears or if the party leader loses a {{Wp|vote of no confidence}}. <br />
<br />
The highest body in the NKP is the Federal Executive Committee (''Bundesvorstand''), which serves as the highest executive body in the NKP. The Bundesvorstand is made up of 20 voting members and 5 non-voting members and is elected by delegates at the annual party conference with the exception of the party president and vice-president who are ex-officio voting members.<br />
<br />
Unlike other parties such as the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]] the NKP has a relatively decentralised organisational structure with federal branches of the party having large degrees autonomy. The relatively diffuse origins of the NKP means the party's federal branches have strong ideological and personal rivalries. Party policy is made almost entirely by the parliamentary parties, not by the party's rank-and-file members, although NKP members do have a degree of influence over party policy within the federal conference. <br />
<br />
The key to the NKP's success is its highly developed network of patron-client relationships on both national and local levels. Within single member districts NKP representatives manage local support groups to keep in touch with public opinion and gain votes and financial backing. These local support groups often were connected to the Catholic Confederation of Labour, rural mutual aid groups and the Catholic Church enabling the party to act as a locus point for financial support and mobilisation of voters. Since the 1980's there has been a decline in these local support groups with the NKP's ability to utilise patronage and {{wp|pork barrel spending}} to farm votes being weakened. <br />
<br />
The NKP is a member of the [[Alliance of Conservatives and Democrats for Euclea]] joining the group in 1997 under [[Rasa Šimonytė]]. As of 2019 it is the largest party in the group holding 42 seats in the Euclean parliament. <br />
===Leaders===<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! No.<br />
! width=150|Name<br /><small>(Born–Died)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! colspan=2|Term in Office<br />
! Party leadership<br>elections<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 1<br />
| [[Konstantin Vogel]]<br /><small>(1898-1980)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Einde bezoek bondskanselier dr Ludwig Erhard en gaf persconferentie in het Haag, Bestanddeelnr 916-1332.jpg|60px]] || 13 May 1957 || 16 May 1960 || 1957<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 2<br />
| [[August von Münstermann]]<br /><small>(1902-1984)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Rudolf Wiefelspütz.jpg|60px]] || 16 May 1960 || 5 July 1963 || 1960<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 3<br />
| [[Rudolf Wiefelspütz]]<br /><small>(1892-1973)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Rudolf Wiefelspütz 1965.png|60px]] || 5 July 1963 || 22 April 1969 || 1963<br>1966<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 4<br />
| [[Sigmar Welskopf-Henrich]]<br /><small>(1902-1986)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F024017-0001, Oberhausen, CDU-Parteitag Rheinland, Kiesinger.jpg (cropped).jpg|60px]] || 22 July 1969 || 7 March 1972 || 1969<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 5<br />
| [[Renatas Vinkauskas]]<br /><small>(1922-2017)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F050938-0028, Bonn, Tagung CDU-Bundesausschuss, Tindemans.jpg|60px]] || 7 March 1972 || 30 June 1980 || 1972<br>1975<br>1978<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 6<br />
| [[Maximilian Frommel]]<br /><small>(1931-2016)</small> || [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F067146-0013, Lothar Späth.jpg|60px]] || 30 June 1980 || 4 July 1984 || 1980<br>1983<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 7<br />
| [[Adolf Stahl]]<br /><small>(1931-2016)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F040153-0028, Bonn, Pressekonferenz CDU-Vorstand, Weizsäcker.jpg|60px]] || 4 July 1984 || 17 October 1991 || 1984<br>1987<br>1990<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 8<br />
| [[Edmund Blaurock]]<br /><small>(1934-2003)</small> || [[File:Edmund Blaurock.jpg|60px]] || 17 October 1991 || 24 July 2000 || 1991<br>1994<br>1997<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 9<br />
| [[Sotirian Lowenstein]]<br /><small>(1954-)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:President Wulff.jpg|60px]] || 24 July 1997 || 12 July 2009 || 2000<br>2003<br>2006<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 10<br />
| [[Dietrich Wittmann]]<br /><small>(1946-)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Sommer 2008 Oberahornhütte 2967a.jpg|60px]] || 12 July 2009 || 8 July 2011 || 2009 <br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 11<br />
| [[Günter Schaefer]]<br /><small>(1956-)</small> || [[File:Christian Schmidt (51554749990) (cropped).jpg|60px]] || 24 July 2011 || 3 March 2016 || 2011<br>2014<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 12<br />
| [[Otto von Hößlin]]<br /><small>(1952-)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:2017-01-20 Horst Seehofer CSU 6527.JPG|60px]] || 3 March 2016 || 30 June 2022 || 2016<br>2019<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 14<br />
| [[Anton Raicevich]]<br /><small>(1979-)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Эммануэль Макрон (20-07-2018).jpg|60px]] || 30 June 2022 || Incumbent || [[2022 National Consolidation Party leadership election|2022]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Electoral results==<br />
===House of Deputies===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:16px;"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"| Election<br />
! colspan="5"| [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]]<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:30px;"| Rank<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:145px;"| Government<br />
! rowspan="2"| Leader<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Votes<br />
! style="width:45px;"| %<br />
! style="width:45px;"| ±pp<br />
! style="width:100px;"| Seats won<br />
! style="width:40px;"| +/−<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1959 Weranian federal election|1959]]<br />
| 9,536,815<br />
| 46.53%<br />
| ''New''<br />
| {{Composition bar|278|586|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 16<sup>1</sup><br />
| '''#1''' {{increase}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority government<br />
| [[Konstantin Vogel]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1963 Weranian federal election|1963]]<br />
| 9,429,683<br />
| 45.67%<br />
| -0.86%<br />
| {{Composition bar|296|602|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 18<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority government<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Rudolf Wiefelspütz]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1967 Weranian federal election|1967]]<br />
| 9,296,847<br />
| 44.64%<br />
| -1.03%<br />
| {{Composition bar|300|602|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 4<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority government<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1971 Weranian federal election|1971]]<br />
| 9,585,051<br />
| 44.33%<br />
| -0.31%<br />
| {{Composition bar|298|602|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 2<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority government<br />
| [[Sigmar Welskopf-Henrich]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1972 Weranian federal election|1972]]<br />
| 10,157,683<br />
| 46.82%<br />
| +2.49%<br />
| {{Composition bar|306|602|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 8<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Majority government<br />
|rowspan=2| [[Johannes Zollitsch]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1976 Weranian federal election|1976]]<br />
| 10,384,732<br />
| 43.28%<br />
| -3.54%<br />
| {{Composition bar|314|579|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 8<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Majority government<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1980 Weranian federal election|1980]]<br />
| 10,144,835<br />
| 41.63%<br />
| -1.65%<br />
| {{Composition bar|287|579|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 27<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority government<br />
|rowspan=2| [[Renatas Vinkauskas]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1984 Weranian federal election|1984]]<br />
| 7,126,832<br />
| 28.86%<br />
| -12.77%<br />
| {{Composition bar|196|579|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 91<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1988 Weranian federal election|1988]]<br />
| 6,448,392<br />
| 26.79%<br />
| -2.07%<br />
| {{Composition bar|108|598|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 88<br />
| #2 {{decrease}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| [[Maximilian Frommel]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1992 Weranian federal election|1992]]<br />
| 6,964,925<br />
| 29.58%<br />
| +2.79%<br />
| {{Composition bar|156|598|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 48<br />
| #2 {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government<br />
|[[Adolf Stahl]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1996 Weranian federal election|1996]]<br />
| 9,284,922<br />
| 32.94%<br />
| +3.36%<br />
| {{Composition bar|187|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 31<br />
| '''#1<sup>2</sup>'''{{increase}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
|rowspan=2| [[Edmund Blaurock]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1999 Weranian federal election|1999]]<br />
| 11,583,941<br />
| 40.21%<br />
| +7.27%<br />
| {{Composition bar|250|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 63<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2003 Weranian federal election|2003]]<br />
| 11,848,371<br />
| 38.46%<br />
| -1.75%<br />
| {{Composition bar|261|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 11<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government<br />
|rowspan=2| [[Sotirian Lowenstein]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2007 Weranian federal election|2007]]<br />
| 12,683,712<br />
| 34.22%<br />
| -4.24%<br />
| {{Composition bar|228|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}}33<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2011 Weranian federal election|2011]]<br />
| 9,174,932<br />
| 26.48%<br />
| -7.74%<br />
| {{Composition bar|135|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 80<br />
| #2 {{decrease}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| [[Dietrich Wittmann]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2015 Weranian federal election|2015]]<br />
| 9,086,742<br />
| 26.85%<br />
| +0.37%<br />
| {{Composition bar|151|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 9<br />
| #2 {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| [[Günter Schaefer]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2019 Weranian federal election|2019]]<br />
| 13,257,365<br />
| 36.61%<br />
| +9.76%<br />
| {{Composition bar|253|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 102<br />
| '''#1''' {{increase}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government<br />
| [[Otto von Hößlin]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2023 Weranian federal election|2023]]<br />
| 13,758,503<br />
| 41.16%<br />
| +4.55%<br />
| {{Composition bar|300|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 47<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Majority government<br />
| [[Anton Raicevich]]<br />
|}<br />
<sup>1</sup>Compared to the [[1955 Weranian federal election|1955]] seats for the [[National Liberal Party (Werania)|NLP]], [[Conservative Party (Werania)|KP]] and the [[Catholic Social Party|KSP]].<br><sup>2</sup>Attained more votes then the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|SRPO]] but the same amount of seats.<br />
<br />
===House of Councillors===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:16px;"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"| Election<br />
! colspan="6"| [[House of Councillors (Werania)|House of Councillors]]<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:30px;"| Rank<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:145px;"| Status<br />
! rowspan="2"| Leader<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Votes<br />
! style="width:45px;"| %<br />
! style="width:45px;"| ±pp<br />
! style="width:100px;"| Contested seats<br />
! style="width:100px;"| Total seats<br />
! style="width:40px;"| +/−<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1989 Weranian House of Councillors election|1989]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| ''New''<br />
| {{Composition bar|86|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|86|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 86<br />
| '''#1''' {{increase}}<br />
| style="background:#ffffbd;"| Majority<br />
| [[Edmund Blaurock]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1993 Weranian House of Councillors election|1993]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|53|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|97|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 11<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#ffffbd;"| Majority<br />
| [[Edmund Blaurock]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1997 Weranian House of Councillors election|1997]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|68|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|121|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 24<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Majority<br />
|rowspan=3| [[Rasa Šimonytė]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2001 Weranian House of Councillors election|2001]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|50|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|118|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 3<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Majority<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2005 Weranian House of Councillors election|2005]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|32|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|82|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 36<br />
| #2 {{decrease}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2009 Weranian House of Councillors election|2009]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|37|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|69|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 13<br />
| #2 {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority<br />
| [[Dietrich Wittmann]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2013 Weranian House of Councillors election|2013]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|35|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|72|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 2<br />
| #2 {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Minority<br />
| [[Günter Schaefer]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2017 Weranian House of Councillors election|2017]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|74|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|104|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 37<br />
| '''#1''' {{increase}}<br />
| style="background:#ffffbd;"| Majority<br />
|rowspan=2| [[Otto von Hößlin]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2021 Weranian House of Councillors election|2021]]<br />
| 10,059,483<br />
| 41.53%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|67|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|130|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 12<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Majority<br />
|}<br />
==Logos==<br />
<gallery class="center"><br />
File:Old NKP logo2.png|1957-1989<br />
File:NKP logo 1990's.png|1989-2002<br />
File:NKP logo 2000s.png|2002-2018<br />
File:NKP logo.png|2018-2022<br />
File:NKP logo modern.png|2022-<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
{{Template:Political parties in Werania}}<br />
[[Category:Werania]][[Category:Kylaris Articles of Recognition]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_Werania&diff=771981List of political parties in Werania2024-02-26T02:00:52Z<p>Britbong64: /* Defunct parties */</p>
<hr />
<div>This article lists {{wp|political parties}} in [[Werania]]. <br />
==Parties with federal representation==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"<br />
|-<br />
! !! Party logo !! Party name !! Leader !! [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]] seats !! [[House of Councillors (Werania)|House of Councillors]] seats !! Seats in<br>state governments !! [[Euclean Parliament]]<br>seats!! Ideology <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #FF6A00;" |<br />
| [[File:NKP logo modern.png|120px]] <br />
| [[National Consolidation Party]]<br>''Nationale Konsolidierungspartei''<br />
| [[File:Emmanuel Macron (24144565957).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Anton Raicevich]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|300|545|#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|130|232|#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|314|1067|#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|47|121|#FF6A00}}<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Conservatism}}<br />
*{{wp|Christian Democracy|Sotirian Democracy}}<br />
*{{wp|Euroscepticism#Soft_Euroscepticism|Soft-Euclescepticism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | The NKP was founded in 1957 as a merger of the [[Conservative Party (Werania)|Conservative Party]], [[National Liberal Party (Werania)|National Liberal Party]] and the [[Catholic Social Party]] in order to create a {{wp|big-tent}} party of the right. The NKP held government several times in the 20th century promoting centre-right and Sotirian democratic policies. It was in opposition from 1984 to 1999 before coming back to power under [[Rasa Šimonytė]], the first Ruttish and female Chancellor who oversaw the Weranian response to the Great Recession. The party came back to power in 2019 under [[Otto von Hößlin]] who has supported a more {{wp|national conservatism|national conservative}} and {{wp|Euroscepticism#Soft_Euroscepticism|euclesceptic}} position.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #800080;" |<br />
| [[File:EO logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Euclean Werania]]<br>''Eucläische Ostischland''<br />
| align=center | [[File:Informal meeting of justice and home affairs. Handshake. (Justice) Urmas Reinsalu and Vera Jourova (34915135574) (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Luise Höcherl]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|101|545|#800080}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|62|232|#800080}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|293|1067|#800080}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|20|121|#800080}}<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Progessivism}}<br />
*{{wp|Social liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Pro-Europeanism|Pro-Eucleanism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | A merger of the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]] and the [[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|Modern Centre Party]] in 2021 EO aimed to bring together pro-Euclean and liberal tendencies to both unite the opposition to the NKP and check the growing power of the Greens. It is currently the main opposition party.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #1B9431;" |<br />
| [[File:Green left logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Greens - Ecological Action]]<br>''Grünen - Ökologische Aktion''<br />
| align=center | [[File:Mercedes Echerer Wien 2015 a.jpg|50px]]<br>[[File:Josef Kirui.png|50px]]<br>[[Yvonne Buchholz]] & [[Josef Kirui]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|45|545|#1B9431}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|9|232|#1B9431}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|174|1067|#1B9431}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|22|121|#1B9431}}<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Green-politics}}<br />
*{{wp|Progressivism}}<br />
*{{wp|Pro-Europeanism|Pro-Eucleanism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | Founded in 1977, the Greens has been represented in the Weranian Bundestag since 1987 following increased awareness of environmental issues. The Greens have risen in terms of support since the 2005 recession due to their progressive politics. They served in the federal goverment from 1995 to 1999. The Green party became the third largest political force in the 2019 elections attaining roughly the same support as the SRPO.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #F2D200;" |<br />
| [[File:RNP logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[National Coalition for Independence]]<br>''Nacionalinė Nepriklausomybės Koalicija''<br />
| align=center | [[File:Arvydas Ražauskas.png|100px]]<br>[[Arvydas Ražauskas]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|40|545|#F2D200}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|10|232|#F2D200}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|70|1067|#F2D200}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|4|121|#F2D200}}<br />
|<br />
*[[Ruttland|Ruttish]] {{wp|separatism}}<br />
*{{wp|Populism}}<br />
*{{wp|Nationalism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | A party that exclusively runs in [[Ruttland]], the NNK was formed in 1999 by businessmen [[Arvydas Ražauskas]]. Its main position is the establishment of an independent Ruttish republic and is considered the main separatist party in the free state. On other policies it is considered {{wp|populism|populist}} supporting a broadly progressive economic policy coupled with conservative social policies and strong environmentalist positions. It formed the Ruttish regional government from 2008-2012 and since 2019 is the biggest party in Ruttland. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #F0001C;" |<br />
| [[File:OSAI logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]]<br>''Ostisch Sektion der Arbeiter Internationale''<br />
| align=center | [[File:2019-10-27 Wahlabend Thüringen by Sandro Halank–80.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Peter Lötzsch]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|40|545|#F0001C}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|6|232|#F0001C}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|62|1067|#F0001C}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|8|121|#F0001C}}<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Evolutionary socialism}}<br />
*{{wp|Council communism|Council socialism}}<br />
*{{wp|Libertarian socialism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | The oldest party in Werania, the OSAI during the first half of the 20th century was one of the major socialist parties in Euclea being supportive of orthodox socialism, albeit representing a more reformist path then Swetanian and Marolev socialists. It declined following the emergence of the SRPO and the Green parties with changes in the structures of the economy seeing a general decline in union based labour the OSAI relied on for its support base. It is still close to the [[General Federation of Weranic Workers']] (ABOA), the second largest federation of trade unions in Werania.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #116468;" |<br />
| [[File:Democratic Alternative.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]]<br>''Demokratische Alternative''<br />
| align=center | [[File:2018 Karin Kneissl Paul Richard Gallagher (16. Jänner 2018) (24876263787) (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Käthe Schickdanze]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|9|545|#116468}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|2|232|#116468}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|46|1067|#116468}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|8|121|#116468}}<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|National liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|National conservatism}}<br />
*{{wp|Euroscepticism#Hard_Euroscepticism|Hard-Euclescepticism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | The Democratic Alternative was formed in 1985 by right-wing members of the National Consolidation Party dissatisfied with the party leadership. The DA contains a mixture of {{wp|national conservatism|national conservatives}}, {{Wp|national liberalism|national liberals}}, {{wp|libertarianism|libertarians}} and {{Wp|right-wing populism|populists}} but is broadly united by a strong ''{{wp|Souverainism|souverainiste}}'' policy towards the Euclean Community, supporting an exit from the organisation. The DA since 2019 serves in the federal government as the junior partner to the NKP.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #CB3036;" |<br />
| [[File:SAPO logo2.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Socialist Workers' Party of Werania]]<br>''Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Ostischland''<br />
| align=center | [[File:16-09-02-Wahlkampfabschluß in Warnemünde-RR2 4727.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Stefan Kiesinger]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|5|545|#CB3036}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|4|232|#CB3036}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|28|1067|#CB3036}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|7|121|#CB3036}}<br />
|<br />
*{{Wp|Social democracy}}<br />
*{{wp|Environmentalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Democratic socialism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | SAPO was formed in 2021 by left wing members of the SRPO who opposed that partys merger into [[Euclean Werania]]. It is a left-wing party that supports democratic socialism and environmentalism. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #04428B;" |<br />
| [[File:SDT logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Homeland]]<br>''Sotričionių Demokratų Tėvynė''<br />
| align=center | [[File:Jūlija Stepaņenko October 2019 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Natalija Saldaitiene]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|2|545|#04428B}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|4|232|#04428B}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|16|1067|#04428B}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|1|121|#04428B}}<br />
|<br />
*[[Ruttland|Ruttish]] {{wp|regionalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Christian Democracy|Sotirian Democracy}}<br />
*{{wp|Social conservatism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | Formed in 1937 in order to counter left-wing parties in Ruttland, the SDT runs solely in [[Ruttland]]. Founded with close connections to the Ruttish clergy throughout the latter half of the 20th century it established itself as the largest party in Ruttland alongside the [[Social Democratic Party-Labour Union]] (the SRPO's branch in Ruttland) and the NKP. It also served in federal governments from 1999-2011 and 2015-2019 and provided parliamentary support for governments from 1963-1972. Although formed as an ultraconservative party the SDT has since been seen as a pragmatic force serving in coalition with conservatives, liberals and socialists. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #ADCFEF;" |<br />
| [[File:AVp logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Aldman People's Party]]<br>''Aldske Folkspartij''<br />
| align=center | [[File:Althusmann.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Haiko Posthuma]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|1|545|#ADCFEF}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|0|232|#ADCFEF}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|10|1067|#ADCFEF}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|1|121|#ADCFEF}}<br />
|<br />
*{{Wp|Frisiain|Aldman}} interests<br />
*{{wp|Liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Pro-Europeanism|Pro-Eucleanism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | Being representative of the {{wp|Frisian|Aldman}} community, the AFP mainly is concentrated on the Estmerish border in [[Cislania]]. A centrist party that is broadly liberal and pro-Euclean, the AFP often serves as a coalition partner for the Cislanian government due to its ideology flexibility.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #26C4EC;" |<br />
| [[File:VP-PA logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[United Party (Charlotte Island)|United Party]]<br>''Vereinigte Partei<br>Vaega Faaupufai Aufaatasi''<br />
| align=center | [[File:Governor David Ige (cropped 2).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Matthias Iha]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|1|545|#26C4EC}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|0|232|#26C4EC}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|13|1067|#26C4EC}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|0|121|#26C4EC}}<br />
|<br />
*[[Werania|Weranian]]-[[Charlotte Island|Charlotte Islander]] {{wp|unionism}}<br />
*{{wp|Conservatism}}<br />
*{{wp|Economic liberalism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" |Formed in 1950 the United Party is the largest party in [[Charlotte Island]]. It mainly promotes unionism with Werania and Charlotte Island, with most of its other policies being {{Wp|centre-right}} in nature. It supports the [[National Consolidation Party]] on a national level sitting in their parliamentary group.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Minor parties==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"<br />
|-<br />
! !! Party logo !! Party name !! Leader !! Seats in<br>state governments !! Ideology <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #FFE900;" |<br />
| [[File:DP-VFT logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Democratic Party (Charlotte Island)|Democratic Party]]<br>''Vaega Faaupufai Temokalasi''<br>''Demokratische Partei''<br />
| [[File:Daniel Akaka official photo (2).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Iareto Ala'ilima]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|7|1067|#FFE900}}<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Christian Democracy|Sotirian Democracy}}<br />
*{{wp|Liberal conservatism}}<br />
*{{wp|Social conservatism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | The VFT-DP was founded in 1992 when Iareto Ala'ilima split from the TFS after opposing the latters land reform policies. The VFT-DP is supported by the traditional tribal chiefs on the island and supports {{wp|conservatism|conservative}} policies that is more accommodating of the rural Tutuan population in contrast to the Lapaha based United Party and Reform Alliance. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #10880D;" |<br />
| [[File:TFS-RB logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Reform Alliance]]<br>''Toe Fuata'iga So'otaga''<br>''Reformbündnis''<br />
| [[File:Togiola Tulafono official.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Opetaia Lotomau]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|3|1067|#10880D}}<br />
|<br />
*[[Charlotte Island]] {{wp|separatism}}<br />
*{{wp|Socialism}}<br />
*{{wp|Environmentalism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | The Reform Alliance was founded in the 1980's as a merger of ethnic minority groups opposed to the {{wp|Dominant minority|minority rule}} of the United Party. Primarily supported by labourers in Lapaha the Reform Alliance is supported by a mixture of Tutuan and Coian people. They are supportive of Charlotte Islander independence and socialist economics. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#8A0936"|<br />
| [[File:FO logo.png|centre|100px]] <br />
| [[Women of Werania]]<br>''Frauen aus Ostischland''<br />
| [[File:Meredith Haaf Frankfurter Buchmesse 2018.jpg|100px]]<br>Patrizia Auffarth<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|0|1067|#8A0936}}<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Radical feminism}}<br />
*{{wp|Gender equality}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C136A3"|<br />
| [[File:Future party (werania) logo.png|centre|100px]] <br />
| [[Future Party (Werania)|Future Party]]<br>''Zukünftige''<br />
| [[File:Bpk2011-19.jpg|100px]]<br>Gunnar Breytenbach<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|0|1067|#C136A3}}<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Pirate politics|Future politics}}<br />
*{{wp|E-democracy}}<br />
*{{wp|Participartory democracy}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #FFFFFF;" |<br />
| [[File:FFP logo.png|120px]] <br />
| Fur not feathers Party<br>''Pelz statt Federn Partei''<br />
| [[File:Elmo vom Hause Jung.jpg|100px]]<br>Adalbert II<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|0|1067|#FFFFFF}}<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Joke party}}<br />
*{{wp|Political satire}}<br />
*{{wp|Animal welfare}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" |<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Defunct parties==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"<br />
|-<br />
! !! Party logo !! Party name !! First leader !! Last leader !! Establishment !! Dissolution !! Ideology <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #48A5EE;" |<br />
| [[File:National Liberal Party Werania logo.png|120px]]<br />
| [[Liberal Party (Werania)|Liberal Party]]<br>''Liberale Partei''<br />
| [[File:Graf Clemens Metternich.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Ulrich von Bayrhoffer]]<br />
| [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-P001512, Franz Blücher 2.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Gottfried von Litzmann]]<br />
| 1842<br />
| 1951<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|National liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Classical liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Economic liberalism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | Founded by the supporters of Ulrich von Bayrhoffers, the liberals supported anti-clericalism and Weranian nationalism. After the [[Easter Revolution]] the liberals moved to the right supporting rapprochment with the Church. In 1892 their left wing broke off leading to the liberals to form a coalition with the church. The liberal party would become a core component of centrist and right-wing coalitions in the early 20th century. The liberals often represented right-wing liberalism, although due to the rise of socialism and the decline of the radical party steadily moved to the far-right throughout its existence often embracing authoritarian tendencies. In 1951 they merged into the LDPO.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #a672a6;" |<br />
| [[File:Radical Party logo.png|120px]]<br />
| [[Radical Party (Werania)|Radical Party]]<br>''Radikale Partei''<br />
| [[File:Nikolaus Lenau 1847.jpg|100px]]<br>[[ Klemens Müller]]<br />
| [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F055059-0019, Köln, SPD-Parteitag, Vogel.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Joschka Schreiber]]<br />
| 1842<br />
| 1986<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Radicalism (historical)|Radicalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Social liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Anti-clericalism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | Initially the radicals were those who supported the reestablishment of a Weranian republic and were mainly made up of members of the Septemberists. The failed [[Easter Revolution]] led to a collapse of the republican movement in 1856, leading to the republican bloc in the Bundestag to be marginalised. The radical party was founded as the first organised political party in Werania representing {{wp|radicalism (historical)|radicals}}, {{wp|liberalism|liberals}} and {{wp|republicanism|republicans}}. The party led progressive governments from 1903-8 and 1911-13 but lost its pre-eminent position on the left after the rise of the socialist OSAI party due to the [[Great Collapse]]. The RP was a member of the {{wp|popular front}} government of 1915-1918 but soon began to participate in various centre-left, centrist and right-wing governments. The foundation of the PMZ in the 1970's led to the radicals to decline in support and merge with the social democrats to form the SRPO in 1977.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #FAA61A;" |<br />
| [[File:KSP logo.png|120px]]<br />
| [[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|Catholic Social Party]]<br>''Katholische Soziale Partei''<br />
| [[File:Die Gartenlaube (1870) b 137.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Georg von Kupferblum]]<br />
| [[File:Josef Klaus 1964.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Walther Ritter von Dittmann]]<br />
| 1860<br />
| 1951<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Christian Democracy|Sotirian Democracy}}<br />
*{{wp|National conservatism}}<br />
*{{wp|Catholic Church and politics|Political Catholicism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | The Catholic Bloc represented the first organised force for {{wp|political Catholicism}} in Werania being founded in reaction to the [[Franz Joseph, Prince of Oppolzer|Prince of Oppolzer]]'s attempts to bring Catholics into the political area, a trend largely supported by the {{wp|Febronianism|Adalbertine movement}}. The Catholic Bloc led by priest Georg von Kupferblum who led {{wp|Ultramontanism|ultramontane}} opposition to the Prince of Oppolzer. They would soon absorb the Legitimists and emerge as the main right-wing party in Werania, being the dominant political force in the first half of the 20th century participating in every cabinet from 1914 to 1950 aside a nine-moth interregnum from 1918 to 1919. The KSP maintained a national conservative right faction, a centrist faction and a left faction throughout its existence but after the Great War the right faction became ascendant leading the Fatherland Bloc. The KSP led Werania into the [[Valduvian-Weranian War]] and became associated with the Weranian defeat. Their left wing split off to form the Sotirian Democratic Party and they were heavily defeated in the 1950 election. The KSP merged into the LDPO. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #FC0000;" |<br />
| [[File:Socialist red flag.svg|120px]]<br />
| [[Weranian Socialist Party]]<br>''Ostischersozialistische Partei''<br />
| [[File:Engels 1856.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Ludwig Vollmar]]<br />
| [[File:Albrecht Küchenthal.png|100px]]<br>[[Albrecht Küchenthal]]<br />
| 1872<br />
| 1901<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Socialism}}<br />
*{{wp|Impossibilism}}<br />
*{{wp|Anti-revisionism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | The first Weranian socialist party, the OSP was created by the esteemed scholar [[Ludwig Vollmar]]. The OSP contained a variety of political opinions but tended to be more revolutionary then other socialist parties, supporting both {{wp|scientific socialism}} and {{wp|syndicalism}}. It was commonly accused of {{wp|impossibilism}} by its opponents. The OSP joined with the [[Weranian Socialist Workers' Party]] in 1901 to form the [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]]. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #ffff29;" |<br />
| <br />
| [[Young Ruttland Party]]<br>''Jaunoji Ruttųijos Partija''<br />
| [[File:Krišjānis Valdemārs detail.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Kasimieras Kiaupienė]]<br />
| [[File:Vileisis.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Arvydas Żyliński]]<br />
| 1876<br />
| 1930<br />
|<br />
*[[Ruttland|Ruttish]] {{Wp|nationalism}}<br />
*[[Ruttland|Ruttish]] {{wp|home rule}}<br />
*{{wp|Liberal nationalism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | The JRP was formed in 1876 following the failure of Chancellor [[Franz Gustav von Reichenstein]] to extend home rule to Ruttland. Comprised primarily of Ruttish intellectuals the JRP was part of a general movement that revived the Ruttish language and cultural aspects, being firmly rooted in liberal assumptions. The JRP pushed for home rule albeit factions within it favoured outright independence. The JRP was dissolved in 1930 during the Great War after the Weranic government feared it would side with the Gaullican-backed [[Liplisqués Government]]. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #CF0921;" |<br />
| [[File:Communist Party of the Phillipines Hammer and Sickle.svg|120px]]<br />
| [[Weranian Socialist Workers' Party]]<br>''Ostischersozialistische Arbeiterpartei''<br />
| colspan="2" | <center>[[File:Wilhelm Liebknecht 2.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Joachim Heisenberg]]<br />
| 1890<br />
| 1901<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Evolutionary socialism}}<br />
*{{wp|Possibilism (politics)|Possibilism}}<br />
*{{wp|Revisionism (Marxism)|Revisionism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | The OSAP was formed in 1890 by [[Joachim Heisenberg]] in opposition to the OSP's "{{wp|impossibilism}}" with Heisenberg promoting a more gradualist course for socialist politics and cooperation with bourgeois parties. The OSAP merged with the OSP in 1901 into the [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]]. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #085828;" |<br />
| [[File:Zentrum Party logo.png|120px]]<br />
| [[Centre Party (Werania)|Centre Party]]<br>''Landbund/Zentrumspartei''<br />
| [[File:VonSchoenerer.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Konrad Graf von Köfering zu Henßler|Konrad Graf von<br>Köfering zu Henßler]]<br />
| [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F078542-0022, Wiesbaden, CDU-Bundesparteitag, Albrecht (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Sotirian Böhm]]<br />
| 1897<br />
| 1990<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Agrarianism}}<br />
*{{wp|Völkisch movement}}<br />
*{{wp|Populism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | The Landbund was formed following a liberalisation of agricultural tariffs in 1897. The Landbund mainly came from small tenent holders, becoming the main representatives for rural Werania. The party was ideologically flexible having both {{wp|agrarian socialism|agrarian socialists}} and {{wp|völkisch}} politicians. The party would move to the right following the Great war but after the [[Valduvian-Weranian War]] they moved to the centre. It was named the Centre Party from 1942 onwards and in the 1980's would be part of the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|Social Democratic Radical Bloc]]. They did not federate into the unified SRPO instead reforming as the Modern Centre Party. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #DE3163;" |<br />
| [[File:SPO logo.png|120px]]<br />
| [[Social Democratic Party of Werania]]<br>''Sozialdemokratische Partei Ostischland''<br />
| [[File:Noske gustav before1918.png|100px]]<br>[[August Olbrich]]<br />
| [[File:Leopold Gratz (1971).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Frank Schellscheidt]]<br />
| 1919<br />
| 1986<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Social democracy}}<br />
*{{wp|Social corporatism}}<br />
*{{wp|Possibilism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | The SPO were founded in 1919 as the pro-war wing of the OSAI party that supported conflict with Kirenia which the OSAI government had opposed. Although founded "supporting the revolutionary proletariat" the SPO soon moved to the right adopting a revisionist and reformist line. During the 1950's it formed the grand coalition between the OSAI and KSP before largely aligning with the OSAI and RP against the NKP. In 1977 it decided to merge with the RP to form the SRPO. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #343434;" |<br />
| [[File:NVB logo.png|120px]]<br />
| [[National Völkisch Movement]]<br>''Nationale Völkische Bewegung''<br />
| colspan="2" | <center>[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-2005-0168, Alfred Rosenberg.jpg|100px]]<br>[[August Vorbeck]]<br />
| 1920<br />
| 1933<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Völkisch movement}}<br />
*{{wp|German nationalism|Weranic nationalism}}<br />
*[[National Functionalism]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | The NVB was a quasi-functionalist party based around its leader [[August Vorbeck]] the NVB came third in the 1922 elections but declined thereafter as they became closer to [[Gaullica]]. During the Great War the NVB allied with Gaullica with 1927. The creation of the [[Liplisqués Government]] and continued demands for a "greater Werania" led to tensions between Vorbeck and Gaullica. In 1933 the NVB was dissolved by Gaullica with its cadres executed. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #BC0000;" |<br />
| [[File:Natsyn logo.png|120px]]<br />
| [[Weranic Syndicalist Union]]<br>''Ostischer Syndikalistische Union''<br />
| colspan="2" | <center>[[File:Siegfried Höcker.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Siegfried Höcker]]</center><br />
| 1935<br />
| 1942<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|National syndicalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Revolutionary nationalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Anti-capitalism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | The OSU was created in 1935 after nationalist members of the OSAI were expelled for advocating a seizure of power following the great war. Centred around [[Siegfried Höcker]] the OSU began to support {{Wp|national syndicalism}} that called for a small vanguard to secure a proletarian revolution. The OSU steadily moved to the right engaging in paramilitary violence as they secured support from ex-servicemen. It was dissolved in 1942 by the Weranian government after Höcker attempted a putsch against the Weranian government. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #EB7A43;" |<br />
| [[File:SDP logo.png|120px]]<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Werania)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]<br>''Sotirian Demokratische Partei''<br />
| [[File:Albert Coppé (1967) (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Ludwig Stadtbäumer]]<br />
| [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F041449-0007, Hamburg, CDU-Bundesparteitag, Ludwig Erhard.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Konstantin Vogel]]<br />
| 1950<br />
| 1957<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Christian Democracy|Sotirian Democracy}}<br />
*{{wp|Pro-Europeanism|Pro-Eucleanism}}<br />
*{{wp|Social conservatism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | Formed from the left-wing of the KSP after the defeat in the [[Valduvian-Weranian War]], the SDP would soon become the largest party of the right but governed n a coalition with the OSAI and SPO from 1950 to 1955. The SDP played a major role in Werania entering the [[Euclean Community]]. A strong supporter of a {{wp|social market economy}} the KSP under its leader [[Konstantin Vogel]] was the main party to push for the creation of the NKP in 1957.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #140076;" |<br />
| [[File:LDPO logo.png|120px]]<br />
| [[Liberal Democratic Party of Werania]]<br>''Liberal-Demokratische Partei Ostischland''<br />
| colspan="2" | <center>[[File:Josef Klaus 1964.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Walther Ritter von Dittmann]]</center><br />
| 1951<br />
| 1957<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Conservatism}}<br />
*{{wp|National liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|National conservatism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | The LDPO was formed as a merger of the KSP, Zentrum and NLP after the three parties lost the majority of their support due to the [[Valduvian-Weranian War]]. The LDPO was intended to be a big-tent conservative party but failed to become larger then the SDP. The two parties merged in 1957 to form the NKP.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #33D6AD;" |<br />
| [[File:KAB logo (Werania).png|120px]]<br />
| [[Catholic Labour Union (Werania)|Catholic Labour Union]]<br>''Katholischer Arbeiterverband''<br />
| [[File:Joseph Joos JS.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Rainier Meißner]]<br />
| [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F023752-0007 Heinz Kühn cropped.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Ewald Geist]]<br />
| 1955<br />
| 1986<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Christian democracy|Sotirian democracy}}<br />
*{{wp|Christian Left|Sotirian Left}}<br />
*{{wp|Social democracy}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | The KAB was formed from left-wing members of the SDP who opposed the coalition of the SDP and LDPO formed in 1955. A {{wp|Christian Left|Sotirian left}} party they generally worked with the social democrats in the Bundestag although at times cooperated with the governing party on social issues. In 1977 they merged into the SRPO.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #B10A11;" |<br />
| [[File:Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands-01.svg|120px]] <br />
| [[Socialist Alternative Party]]<br>''Sozialistische Alternativpartei''<br />
| [[File:-Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F055060-0007A, Köln, SPD-Parteitag, Börner-2.jpg|100px]]<br>Max Kupferblum<br />
| a[[File:Meeting during the 35th Munich Security Conference (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Wolfgang Löscher]]<br />
| 1972<br />
| 1986<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Democratic socialism}}<br />
*{{wp|Possibilism}}<br />
*{{wp|Left-wing populism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | The Socialist Alternative Party (SAP) were formed by defectors from the [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]] (OSAI) who supported the 1972 protests and believed in creating greater alliances with the centre-left. The party would be a founding member of the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|Social Democratic Radical Bloc]] and would merge into its unified successor the SRPO in 1986. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #ED1651;" |<br />
| [[File:SRPO logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]]<br>''Sozialdemokratische Radikale Partei von Ostischland''<br />
| [[File:Leopold Gratz (1971).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Frank Schellscheidt]]<br />
| [[File:Informal meeting of justice and home affairs. Handshake. (Justice) Urmas Reinsalu and Vera Jourova (34915135574) (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Luise Höcherl]]<br />
| 1977<br />
| 2021<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Social democracy}}<br />
*{{wp|Social liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Pro-Europeanism|Pro-Eucleanism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | A merger of the [[Social Democratic Party of Werania]] and the [[Radical Party (Werania)|Radical Party]] in 1977 the SRPO was intended to serve as a centre-left counterpart to the NKP in order to facilitate the creation of a {{Wp|two-party system}}. The SRPO first came to power in 1984 under [[Ludolf Ostermann]] who would become Werania's longest serving Chancellor in 100 years. Initially aligned with the socialist [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International|OSAI]] the party embraced {{Wp|third way (politics)|third way politics}} during the 1980's overseeing economic liberalisation. The party lost power in 1999 entering government again in 2011 in a coalition with liberal parties. In 2019 the party suffered its worst result in its history and merged into [[Euclean Werania]] in 2021.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #019CDB;" |<br />
| [[File:Modern Centre party.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|Modern Centre Party]]<br>''Partei des Modernen Zentrums''<br />
| [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F078542-0022, Wiesbaden, CDU-Bundesparteitag, Albrecht (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Sotirian Böhm]]<br />
| align=center | [[File:McAllister, David-9220.jpg|50px]]<br>[[File:2015-01-06 3318 Lencke Steiner (Dreikönigskundgebung der Liberalen).jpg|50px]]<br>[[Edmund Remarque]] & [[Anna Nehammer]]<br />
| 1990<br />
| 2021<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Economic liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|European federalism|Euclean federalism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | The Modern Centre Party was founded in 1982 by former NKP members who espoused a common programme of radicalism, liberalism and political reform. The PMZ entered government in 1983 with the SRPO where they promoted {{Wp|economic liberalism|economic}} and {{wp|social liberalism}}, going into opposition in 1999. They reformed a coalition government with the SRPO in 2011 as the junior partner where they pushed through {{Wp|austerity}} policies to reduce public expenditure. The PMZ lost power alongside the SRPO in 2019 and merged into [[Euclean Werania]] in 2021. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #00CCBE;" |<br />
| [[File:JT-DK logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Homeland Union|Homeland Union - Way of Courage]]<br>''Tėvynės sąjunga – Drąsos kelias''<br>''Heimatbund – Der Weg des Mutes''<br />
| [[File:Valdas Adamkus2.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Vytautas Vaidotas]]<br />
| [[File:Jūlija Stepaņenko October 2019 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Natalija Saldaitiene]]<br />
| 1986<br />
| 2016<br />
|<br />
*[[Ruttland|Ruttish]] {{wp|Autonomism (political doctrine)|autonomism}}<br />
*{{wp|Liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Economic liberalism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | A centrist Ruttish regionalist party, the TS-DK was intended to represent "soft nationalism" uniting both Ruttish nationalists and other voters who were unhappy with the incumbent OSAI-dominated governments. The TS-DK was broadly centrist although had a strongly {{wp|economic liberalism|liberal}} approach to economic affairs. The party would form a coalition with the NKP in Ruttland for much of the 1990s and following the 2003 election served on a federal level as well. After 2007 it faced strong competition from the more nationalist [[National Coalition for Independence]] and faced an electoral wipeout in 2011; the party lost the remainder of its seats in 2015 and subsequently dissolved. <br />
|}<br />
{{Template:Werania}}<br />
[[Category:Werania]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_Werania&diff=771980List of political parties in Werania2024-02-26T02:00:23Z<p>Britbong64: /* Defunct parties */</p>
<hr />
<div>This article lists {{wp|political parties}} in [[Werania]]. <br />
==Parties with federal representation==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"<br />
|-<br />
! !! Party logo !! Party name !! Leader !! [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]] seats !! [[House of Councillors (Werania)|House of Councillors]] seats !! Seats in<br>state governments !! [[Euclean Parliament]]<br>seats!! Ideology <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #FF6A00;" |<br />
| [[File:NKP logo modern.png|120px]] <br />
| [[National Consolidation Party]]<br>''Nationale Konsolidierungspartei''<br />
| [[File:Emmanuel Macron (24144565957).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Anton Raicevich]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|300|545|#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|130|232|#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|314|1067|#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|47|121|#FF6A00}}<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Conservatism}}<br />
*{{wp|Christian Democracy|Sotirian Democracy}}<br />
*{{wp|Euroscepticism#Soft_Euroscepticism|Soft-Euclescepticism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | The NKP was founded in 1957 as a merger of the [[Conservative Party (Werania)|Conservative Party]], [[National Liberal Party (Werania)|National Liberal Party]] and the [[Catholic Social Party]] in order to create a {{wp|big-tent}} party of the right. The NKP held government several times in the 20th century promoting centre-right and Sotirian democratic policies. It was in opposition from 1984 to 1999 before coming back to power under [[Rasa Šimonytė]], the first Ruttish and female Chancellor who oversaw the Weranian response to the Great Recession. The party came back to power in 2019 under [[Otto von Hößlin]] who has supported a more {{wp|national conservatism|national conservative}} and {{wp|Euroscepticism#Soft_Euroscepticism|euclesceptic}} position.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #800080;" |<br />
| [[File:EO logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Euclean Werania]]<br>''Eucläische Ostischland''<br />
| align=center | [[File:Informal meeting of justice and home affairs. Handshake. (Justice) Urmas Reinsalu and Vera Jourova (34915135574) (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Luise Höcherl]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|101|545|#800080}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|62|232|#800080}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|293|1067|#800080}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|20|121|#800080}}<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Progessivism}}<br />
*{{wp|Social liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Pro-Europeanism|Pro-Eucleanism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | A merger of the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]] and the [[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|Modern Centre Party]] in 2021 EO aimed to bring together pro-Euclean and liberal tendencies to both unite the opposition to the NKP and check the growing power of the Greens. It is currently the main opposition party.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #1B9431;" |<br />
| [[File:Green left logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Greens - Ecological Action]]<br>''Grünen - Ökologische Aktion''<br />
| align=center | [[File:Mercedes Echerer Wien 2015 a.jpg|50px]]<br>[[File:Josef Kirui.png|50px]]<br>[[Yvonne Buchholz]] & [[Josef Kirui]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|45|545|#1B9431}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|9|232|#1B9431}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|174|1067|#1B9431}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|22|121|#1B9431}}<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Green-politics}}<br />
*{{wp|Progressivism}}<br />
*{{wp|Pro-Europeanism|Pro-Eucleanism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | Founded in 1977, the Greens has been represented in the Weranian Bundestag since 1987 following increased awareness of environmental issues. The Greens have risen in terms of support since the 2005 recession due to their progressive politics. They served in the federal goverment from 1995 to 1999. The Green party became the third largest political force in the 2019 elections attaining roughly the same support as the SRPO.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #F2D200;" |<br />
| [[File:RNP logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[National Coalition for Independence]]<br>''Nacionalinė Nepriklausomybės Koalicija''<br />
| align=center | [[File:Arvydas Ražauskas.png|100px]]<br>[[Arvydas Ražauskas]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|40|545|#F2D200}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|10|232|#F2D200}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|70|1067|#F2D200}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|4|121|#F2D200}}<br />
|<br />
*[[Ruttland|Ruttish]] {{wp|separatism}}<br />
*{{wp|Populism}}<br />
*{{wp|Nationalism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | A party that exclusively runs in [[Ruttland]], the NNK was formed in 1999 by businessmen [[Arvydas Ražauskas]]. Its main position is the establishment of an independent Ruttish republic and is considered the main separatist party in the free state. On other policies it is considered {{wp|populism|populist}} supporting a broadly progressive economic policy coupled with conservative social policies and strong environmentalist positions. It formed the Ruttish regional government from 2008-2012 and since 2019 is the biggest party in Ruttland. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #F0001C;" |<br />
| [[File:OSAI logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]]<br>''Ostisch Sektion der Arbeiter Internationale''<br />
| align=center | [[File:2019-10-27 Wahlabend Thüringen by Sandro Halank–80.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Peter Lötzsch]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|40|545|#F0001C}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|6|232|#F0001C}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|62|1067|#F0001C}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|8|121|#F0001C}}<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Evolutionary socialism}}<br />
*{{wp|Council communism|Council socialism}}<br />
*{{wp|Libertarian socialism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | The oldest party in Werania, the OSAI during the first half of the 20th century was one of the major socialist parties in Euclea being supportive of orthodox socialism, albeit representing a more reformist path then Swetanian and Marolev socialists. It declined following the emergence of the SRPO and the Green parties with changes in the structures of the economy seeing a general decline in union based labour the OSAI relied on for its support base. It is still close to the [[General Federation of Weranic Workers']] (ABOA), the second largest federation of trade unions in Werania.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #116468;" |<br />
| [[File:Democratic Alternative.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]]<br>''Demokratische Alternative''<br />
| align=center | [[File:2018 Karin Kneissl Paul Richard Gallagher (16. Jänner 2018) (24876263787) (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Käthe Schickdanze]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|9|545|#116468}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|2|232|#116468}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|46|1067|#116468}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|8|121|#116468}}<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|National liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|National conservatism}}<br />
*{{wp|Euroscepticism#Hard_Euroscepticism|Hard-Euclescepticism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | The Democratic Alternative was formed in 1985 by right-wing members of the National Consolidation Party dissatisfied with the party leadership. The DA contains a mixture of {{wp|national conservatism|national conservatives}}, {{Wp|national liberalism|national liberals}}, {{wp|libertarianism|libertarians}} and {{Wp|right-wing populism|populists}} but is broadly united by a strong ''{{wp|Souverainism|souverainiste}}'' policy towards the Euclean Community, supporting an exit from the organisation. The DA since 2019 serves in the federal government as the junior partner to the NKP.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #CB3036;" |<br />
| [[File:SAPO logo2.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Socialist Workers' Party of Werania]]<br>''Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Ostischland''<br />
| align=center | [[File:16-09-02-Wahlkampfabschluß in Warnemünde-RR2 4727.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Stefan Kiesinger]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|5|545|#CB3036}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|4|232|#CB3036}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|28|1067|#CB3036}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|7|121|#CB3036}}<br />
|<br />
*{{Wp|Social democracy}}<br />
*{{wp|Environmentalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Democratic socialism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | SAPO was formed in 2021 by left wing members of the SRPO who opposed that partys merger into [[Euclean Werania]]. It is a left-wing party that supports democratic socialism and environmentalism. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #04428B;" |<br />
| [[File:SDT logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Homeland]]<br>''Sotričionių Demokratų Tėvynė''<br />
| align=center | [[File:Jūlija Stepaņenko October 2019 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Natalija Saldaitiene]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|2|545|#04428B}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|4|232|#04428B}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|16|1067|#04428B}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|1|121|#04428B}}<br />
|<br />
*[[Ruttland|Ruttish]] {{wp|regionalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Christian Democracy|Sotirian Democracy}}<br />
*{{wp|Social conservatism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | Formed in 1937 in order to counter left-wing parties in Ruttland, the SDT runs solely in [[Ruttland]]. Founded with close connections to the Ruttish clergy throughout the latter half of the 20th century it established itself as the largest party in Ruttland alongside the [[Social Democratic Party-Labour Union]] (the SRPO's branch in Ruttland) and the NKP. It also served in federal governments from 1999-2011 and 2015-2019 and provided parliamentary support for governments from 1963-1972. Although formed as an ultraconservative party the SDT has since been seen as a pragmatic force serving in coalition with conservatives, liberals and socialists. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #ADCFEF;" |<br />
| [[File:AVp logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Aldman People's Party]]<br>''Aldske Folkspartij''<br />
| align=center | [[File:Althusmann.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Haiko Posthuma]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|1|545|#ADCFEF}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|0|232|#ADCFEF}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|10|1067|#ADCFEF}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|1|121|#ADCFEF}}<br />
|<br />
*{{Wp|Frisiain|Aldman}} interests<br />
*{{wp|Liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Pro-Europeanism|Pro-Eucleanism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | Being representative of the {{wp|Frisian|Aldman}} community, the AFP mainly is concentrated on the Estmerish border in [[Cislania]]. A centrist party that is broadly liberal and pro-Euclean, the AFP often serves as a coalition partner for the Cislanian government due to its ideology flexibility.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #26C4EC;" |<br />
| [[File:VP-PA logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[United Party (Charlotte Island)|United Party]]<br>''Vereinigte Partei<br>Vaega Faaupufai Aufaatasi''<br />
| align=center | [[File:Governor David Ige (cropped 2).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Matthias Iha]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|1|545|#26C4EC}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|0|232|#26C4EC}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|13|1067|#26C4EC}}<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|0|121|#26C4EC}}<br />
|<br />
*[[Werania|Weranian]]-[[Charlotte Island|Charlotte Islander]] {{wp|unionism}}<br />
*{{wp|Conservatism}}<br />
*{{wp|Economic liberalism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" |Formed in 1950 the United Party is the largest party in [[Charlotte Island]]. It mainly promotes unionism with Werania and Charlotte Island, with most of its other policies being {{Wp|centre-right}} in nature. It supports the [[National Consolidation Party]] on a national level sitting in their parliamentary group.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Minor parties==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"<br />
|-<br />
! !! Party logo !! Party name !! Leader !! Seats in<br>state governments !! Ideology <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #FFE900;" |<br />
| [[File:DP-VFT logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Democratic Party (Charlotte Island)|Democratic Party]]<br>''Vaega Faaupufai Temokalasi''<br>''Demokratische Partei''<br />
| [[File:Daniel Akaka official photo (2).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Iareto Ala'ilima]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|7|1067|#FFE900}}<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Christian Democracy|Sotirian Democracy}}<br />
*{{wp|Liberal conservatism}}<br />
*{{wp|Social conservatism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | The VFT-DP was founded in 1992 when Iareto Ala'ilima split from the TFS after opposing the latters land reform policies. The VFT-DP is supported by the traditional tribal chiefs on the island and supports {{wp|conservatism|conservative}} policies that is more accommodating of the rural Tutuan population in contrast to the Lapaha based United Party and Reform Alliance. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #10880D;" |<br />
| [[File:TFS-RB logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Reform Alliance]]<br>''Toe Fuata'iga So'otaga''<br>''Reformbündnis''<br />
| [[File:Togiola Tulafono official.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Opetaia Lotomau]]<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|3|1067|#10880D}}<br />
|<br />
*[[Charlotte Island]] {{wp|separatism}}<br />
*{{wp|Socialism}}<br />
*{{wp|Environmentalism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | The Reform Alliance was founded in the 1980's as a merger of ethnic minority groups opposed to the {{wp|Dominant minority|minority rule}} of the United Party. Primarily supported by labourers in Lapaha the Reform Alliance is supported by a mixture of Tutuan and Coian people. They are supportive of Charlotte Islander independence and socialist economics. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#8A0936"|<br />
| [[File:FO logo.png|centre|100px]] <br />
| [[Women of Werania]]<br>''Frauen aus Ostischland''<br />
| [[File:Meredith Haaf Frankfurter Buchmesse 2018.jpg|100px]]<br>Patrizia Auffarth<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|0|1067|#8A0936}}<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Radical feminism}}<br />
*{{wp|Gender equality}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C136A3"|<br />
| [[File:Future party (werania) logo.png|centre|100px]] <br />
| [[Future Party (Werania)|Future Party]]<br>''Zukünftige''<br />
| [[File:Bpk2011-19.jpg|100px]]<br>Gunnar Breytenbach<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|0|1067|#C136A3}}<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Pirate politics|Future politics}}<br />
*{{wp|E-democracy}}<br />
*{{wp|Participartory democracy}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #FFFFFF;" |<br />
| [[File:FFP logo.png|120px]] <br />
| Fur not feathers Party<br>''Pelz statt Federn Partei''<br />
| [[File:Elmo vom Hause Jung.jpg|100px]]<br>Adalbert II<br />
| {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|0|1067|#FFFFFF}}<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Joke party}}<br />
*{{wp|Political satire}}<br />
*{{wp|Animal welfare}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" |<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Defunct parties==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"<br />
|-<br />
! !! Party logo !! Party name !! First leader !! Last leader !! Establishment !! Dissolution !! Ideology <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #48A5EE;" |<br />
| [[File:National Liberal Party Werania logo.png|120px]]<br />
| [[Liberal Party (Werania)|Liberal Party]]<br>''Liberale Partei''<br />
| [[File:Graf Clemens Metternich.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Ulrich von Bayrhoffer]]<br />
| [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-P001512, Franz Blücher 2.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Gottfried von Litzmann]]<br />
| 1842<br />
| 1951<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|National liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Classical liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Economic liberalism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | Founded by the supporters of Ulrich von Bayrhoffers, the liberals supported anti-clericalism and Weranian nationalism. After the [[Easter Revolution]] the liberals moved to the right supporting rapprochment with the Church. In 1892 their left wing broke off leading to the liberals to form a coalition with the church. The liberal party would become a core component of centrist and right-wing coalitions in the early 20th century. The liberals often represented right-wing liberalism, although due to the rise of socialism and the decline of the radical party steadily moved to the far-right throughout its existence often embracing authoritarian tendencies. In 1951 they merged into the LDPO.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #DAA520;" |<br />
| <br />
| [[Legitimist Party]]<br>''Legitimistischer Party''<br />
| colspan="2" | <center>[[File:František Antonín II. hrabě Liebsteinský z Kolowrat (1778-1861).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Ferdinand Karl von Schillingsfürst|Ferdinand Karl<br>von Schillingsfürst]]<br />
| 1842<br />
| 1860s<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Conservatism}}<br />
*{{wp|Monarchism}}<br />
*{{wp|Absolutism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | A loose political grouping rather then a coherent political party, the Legitimist Party tended to represent the conservative wing of Weranian politics. The bloc was divided between more {{wp|absolutism|absolutist}} and more {{wp|national liberalism|liberal}} factions that meant despite its dominance in the Bundestag it often was not an effective political bloc. As a whole it tended to oppose social reforms and support bureaucratic control. When the liberals moved to the right under the [[Franz Joseph, Prince of Oppolzer|Prince of Oppolzer]] the Legitimists faded from the political scene.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #a672a6;" |<br />
| [[File:Radical Party logo.png|120px]]<br />
| [[Radical Party (Werania)|Radical Party]]<br>''Radikale Partei''<br />
| [[File:Nikolaus Lenau 1847.jpg|100px]]<br>[[ Klemens Müller]]<br />
| [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F055059-0019, Köln, SPD-Parteitag, Vogel.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Joschka Schreiber]]<br />
| 1842<br />
| 1986<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Radicalism (historical)|Radicalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Social liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Anti-clericalism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | Initially the radicals were those who supported the reestablishment of a Weranian republic and were mainly made up of members of the Septemberists. The failed [[Easter Revolution]] led to a collapse of the republican movement in 1856, leading to the republican bloc in the Bundestag to be marginalised. The radical party was founded as the first organised political party in Werania representing {{wp|radicalism (historical)|radicals}}, {{wp|liberalism|liberals}} and {{wp|republicanism|republicans}}. The party led progressive governments from 1903-8 and 1911-13 but lost its pre-eminent position on the left after the rise of the socialist OSAI party due to the [[Great Collapse]]. The RP was a member of the {{wp|popular front}} government of 1915-1918 but soon began to participate in various centre-left, centrist and right-wing governments. The foundation of the PMZ in the 1970's led to the radicals to decline in support and merge with the social democrats to form the SRPO in 1977.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #FAA61A;" |<br />
| [[File:KSP logo.png|120px]]<br />
| [[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|Catholic Social Party]]<br>''Katholische Soziale Partei''<br />
| [[File:Die Gartenlaube (1870) b 137.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Georg von Kupferblum]]<br />
| [[File:Josef Klaus 1964.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Walther Ritter von Dittmann]]<br />
| 1860<br />
| 1951<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Christian Democracy|Sotirian Democracy}}<br />
*{{wp|National conservatism}}<br />
*{{wp|Catholic Church and politics|Political Catholicism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | The Catholic Bloc represented the first organised force for {{wp|political Catholicism}} in Werania being founded in reaction to the [[Franz Joseph, Prince of Oppolzer|Prince of Oppolzer]]'s attempts to bring Catholics into the political area, a trend largely supported by the {{wp|Febronianism|Adalbertine movement}}. The Catholic Bloc led by priest Georg von Kupferblum who led {{wp|Ultramontanism|ultramontane}} opposition to the Prince of Oppolzer. They would soon absorb the Legitimists and emerge as the main right-wing party in Werania, being the dominant political force in the first half of the 20th century participating in every cabinet from 1914 to 1950 aside a nine-moth interregnum from 1918 to 1919. The KSP maintained a national conservative right faction, a centrist faction and a left faction throughout its existence but after the Great War the right faction became ascendant leading the Fatherland Bloc. The KSP led Werania into the [[Valduvian-Weranian War]] and became associated with the Weranian defeat. Their left wing split off to form the Sotirian Democratic Party and they were heavily defeated in the 1950 election. The KSP merged into the LDPO. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #FC0000;" |<br />
| [[File:Socialist red flag.svg|120px]]<br />
| [[Weranian Socialist Party]]<br>''Ostischersozialistische Partei''<br />
| [[File:Engels 1856.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Ludwig Vollmar]]<br />
| [[File:Albrecht Küchenthal.png|100px]]<br>[[Albrecht Küchenthal]]<br />
| 1872<br />
| 1901<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Socialism}}<br />
*{{wp|Impossibilism}}<br />
*{{wp|Anti-revisionism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | The first Weranian socialist party, the OSP was created by the esteemed scholar [[Ludwig Vollmar]]. The OSP contained a variety of political opinions but tended to be more revolutionary then other socialist parties, supporting both {{wp|scientific socialism}} and {{wp|syndicalism}}. It was commonly accused of {{wp|impossibilism}} by its opponents. The OSP joined with the [[Weranian Socialist Workers' Party]] in 1901 to form the [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]]. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #ffff29;" |<br />
| <br />
| [[Young Ruttland Party]]<br>''Jaunoji Ruttųijos Partija''<br />
| [[File:Krišjānis Valdemārs detail.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Kasimieras Kiaupienė]]<br />
| [[File:Vileisis.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Arvydas Żyliński]]<br />
| 1876<br />
| 1930<br />
|<br />
*[[Ruttland|Ruttish]] {{Wp|nationalism}}<br />
*[[Ruttland|Ruttish]] {{wp|home rule}}<br />
*{{wp|Liberal nationalism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | The JRP was formed in 1876 following the failure of Chancellor [[Franz Gustav von Reichenstein]] to extend home rule to Ruttland. Comprised primarily of Ruttish intellectuals the JRP was part of a general movement that revived the Ruttish language and cultural aspects, being firmly rooted in liberal assumptions. The JRP pushed for home rule albeit factions within it favoured outright independence. The JRP was dissolved in 1930 during the Great War after the Weranic government feared it would side with the Gaullican-backed [[Liplisqués Government]]. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #CF0921;" |<br />
| [[File:Communist Party of the Phillipines Hammer and Sickle.svg|120px]]<br />
| [[Weranian Socialist Workers' Party]]<br>''Ostischersozialistische Arbeiterpartei''<br />
| colspan="2" | <center>[[File:Wilhelm Liebknecht 2.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Joachim Heisenberg]]<br />
| 1890<br />
| 1901<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Evolutionary socialism}}<br />
*{{wp|Possibilism (politics)|Possibilism}}<br />
*{{wp|Revisionism (Marxism)|Revisionism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | The OSAP was formed in 1890 by [[Joachim Heisenberg]] in opposition to the OSP's "{{wp|impossibilism}}" with Heisenberg promoting a more gradualist course for socialist politics and cooperation with bourgeois parties. The OSAP merged with the OSP in 1901 into the [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]]. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #085828;" |<br />
| [[File:Zentrum Party logo.png|120px]]<br />
| [[Centre Party (Werania)|Centre Party]]<br>''Landbund/Zentrumspartei''<br />
| [[File:VonSchoenerer.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Konrad Graf von Köfering zu Henßler|Konrad Graf von<br>Köfering zu Henßler]]<br />
| [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F078542-0022, Wiesbaden, CDU-Bundesparteitag, Albrecht (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Sotirian Böhm]]<br />
| 1897<br />
| 1990<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Agrarianism}}<br />
*{{wp|Völkisch movement}}<br />
*{{wp|Populism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | The Landbund was formed following a liberalisation of agricultural tariffs in 1897. The Landbund mainly came from small tenent holders, becoming the main representatives for rural Werania. The party was ideologically flexible having both {{wp|agrarian socialism|agrarian socialists}} and {{wp|völkisch}} politicians. The party would move to the right following the Great war but after the [[Valduvian-Weranian War]] they moved to the centre. It was named the Centre Party from 1942 onwards and in the 1980's would be part of the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|Social Democratic Radical Bloc]]. They did not federate into the unified SRPO instead reforming as the Modern Centre Party. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #DE3163;" |<br />
| [[File:SPO logo.png|120px]]<br />
| [[Social Democratic Party of Werania]]<br>''Sozialdemokratische Partei Ostischland''<br />
| [[File:Noske gustav before1918.png|100px]]<br>[[August Olbrich]]<br />
| [[File:Leopold Gratz (1971).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Frank Schellscheidt]]<br />
| 1919<br />
| 1986<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Social democracy}}<br />
*{{wp|Social corporatism}}<br />
*{{wp|Possibilism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | The SPO were founded in 1919 as the pro-war wing of the OSAI party that supported conflict with Kirenia which the OSAI government had opposed. Although founded "supporting the revolutionary proletariat" the SPO soon moved to the right adopting a revisionist and reformist line. During the 1950's it formed the grand coalition between the OSAI and KSP before largely aligning with the OSAI and RP against the NKP. In 1977 it decided to merge with the RP to form the SRPO. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #343434;" |<br />
| [[File:NVB logo.png|120px]]<br />
| [[National Völkisch Movement]]<br>''Nationale Völkische Bewegung''<br />
| colspan="2" | <center>[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-2005-0168, Alfred Rosenberg.jpg|100px]]<br>[[August Vorbeck]]<br />
| 1920<br />
| 1933<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Völkisch movement}}<br />
*{{wp|German nationalism|Weranic nationalism}}<br />
*[[National Functionalism]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | The NVB was a quasi-functionalist party based around its leader [[August Vorbeck]] the NVB came third in the 1922 elections but declined thereafter as they became closer to [[Gaullica]]. During the Great War the NVB allied with Gaullica with 1927. The creation of the [[Liplisqués Government]] and continued demands for a "greater Werania" led to tensions between Vorbeck and Gaullica. In 1933 the NVB was dissolved by Gaullica with its cadres executed. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #BC0000;" |<br />
| [[File:Natsyn logo.png|120px]]<br />
| [[Weranic Syndicalist Union]]<br>''Ostischer Syndikalistische Union''<br />
| colspan="2" | <center>[[File:Siegfried Höcker.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Siegfried Höcker]]</center><br />
| 1935<br />
| 1942<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|National syndicalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Revolutionary nationalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Anti-capitalism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | The OSU was created in 1935 after nationalist members of the OSAI were expelled for advocating a seizure of power following the great war. Centred around [[Siegfried Höcker]] the OSU began to support {{Wp|national syndicalism}} that called for a small vanguard to secure a proletarian revolution. The OSU steadily moved to the right engaging in paramilitary violence as they secured support from ex-servicemen. It was dissolved in 1942 by the Weranian government after Höcker attempted a putsch against the Weranian government. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #EB7A43;" |<br />
| [[File:SDP logo.png|120px]]<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Werania)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]<br>''Sotirian Demokratische Partei''<br />
| [[File:Albert Coppé (1967) (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Ludwig Stadtbäumer]]<br />
| [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F041449-0007, Hamburg, CDU-Bundesparteitag, Ludwig Erhard.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Konstantin Vogel]]<br />
| 1950<br />
| 1957<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Christian Democracy|Sotirian Democracy}}<br />
*{{wp|Pro-Europeanism|Pro-Eucleanism}}<br />
*{{wp|Social conservatism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | Formed from the left-wing of the KSP after the defeat in the [[Valduvian-Weranian War]], the SDP would soon become the largest party of the right but governed n a coalition with the OSAI and SPO from 1950 to 1955. The SDP played a major role in Werania entering the [[Euclean Community]]. A strong supporter of a {{wp|social market economy}} the KSP under its leader [[Konstantin Vogel]] was the main party to push for the creation of the NKP in 1957.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #140076;" |<br />
| [[File:LDPO logo.png|120px]]<br />
| [[Liberal Democratic Party of Werania]]<br>''Liberal-Demokratische Partei Ostischland''<br />
| colspan="2" | <center>[[File:Josef Klaus 1964.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Walther Ritter von Dittmann]]</center><br />
| 1951<br />
| 1957<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Conservatism}}<br />
*{{wp|National liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|National conservatism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | The LDPO was formed as a merger of the KSP, Zentrum and NLP after the three parties lost the majority of their support due to the [[Valduvian-Weranian War]]. The LDPO was intended to be a big-tent conservative party but failed to become larger then the SDP. The two parties merged in 1957 to form the NKP.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #33D6AD;" |<br />
| [[File:KAB logo (Werania).png|120px]]<br />
| [[Catholic Labour Union (Werania)|Catholic Labour Union]]<br>''Katholischer Arbeiterverband''<br />
| [[File:Joseph Joos JS.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Rainier Meißner]]<br />
| [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F023752-0007 Heinz Kühn cropped.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Ewald Geist]]<br />
| 1955<br />
| 1986<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Christian democracy|Sotirian democracy}}<br />
*{{wp|Christian Left|Sotirian Left}}<br />
*{{wp|Social democracy}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="7" | The KAB was formed from left-wing members of the SDP who opposed the coalition of the SDP and LDPO formed in 1955. A {{wp|Christian Left|Sotirian left}} party they generally worked with the social democrats in the Bundestag although at times cooperated with the governing party on social issues. In 1977 they merged into the SRPO.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #B10A11;" |<br />
| [[File:Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands-01.svg|120px]] <br />
| [[Socialist Alternative Party]]<br>''Sozialistische Alternativpartei''<br />
| [[File:-Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F055060-0007A, Köln, SPD-Parteitag, Börner-2.jpg|100px]]<br>Max Kupferblum<br />
| a[[File:Meeting during the 35th Munich Security Conference (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Wolfgang Löscher]]<br />
| 1972<br />
| 1986<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Democratic socialism}}<br />
*{{wp|Possibilism}}<br />
*{{wp|Left-wing populism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | The Socialist Alternative Party (SAP) were formed by defectors from the [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]] (OSAI) who supported the 1972 protests and believed in creating greater alliances with the centre-left. The party would be a founding member of the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|Social Democratic Radical Bloc]] and would merge into its unified successor the SRPO in 1986. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #ED1651;" |<br />
| [[File:SRPO logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]]<br>''Sozialdemokratische Radikale Partei von Ostischland''<br />
| [[File:Leopold Gratz (1971).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Frank Schellscheidt]]<br />
| [[File:Informal meeting of justice and home affairs. Handshake. (Justice) Urmas Reinsalu and Vera Jourova (34915135574) (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Luise Höcherl]]<br />
| 1977<br />
| 2021<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Social democracy}}<br />
*{{wp|Social liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Pro-Europeanism|Pro-Eucleanism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | A merger of the [[Social Democratic Party of Werania]] and the [[Radical Party (Werania)|Radical Party]] in 1977 the SRPO was intended to serve as a centre-left counterpart to the NKP in order to facilitate the creation of a {{Wp|two-party system}}. The SRPO first came to power in 1984 under [[Ludolf Ostermann]] who would become Werania's longest serving Chancellor in 100 years. Initially aligned with the socialist [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International|OSAI]] the party embraced {{Wp|third way (politics)|third way politics}} during the 1980's overseeing economic liberalisation. The party lost power in 1999 entering government again in 2011 in a coalition with liberal parties. In 2019 the party suffered its worst result in its history and merged into [[Euclean Werania]] in 2021.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #019CDB;" |<br />
| [[File:Modern Centre party.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|Modern Centre Party]]<br>''Partei des Modernen Zentrums''<br />
| [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F078542-0022, Wiesbaden, CDU-Bundesparteitag, Albrecht (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Sotirian Böhm]]<br />
| align=center | [[File:McAllister, David-9220.jpg|50px]]<br>[[File:2015-01-06 3318 Lencke Steiner (Dreikönigskundgebung der Liberalen).jpg|50px]]<br>[[Edmund Remarque]] & [[Anna Nehammer]]<br />
| 1990<br />
| 2021<br />
|<br />
*{{wp|Liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Economic liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|European federalism|Euclean federalism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | The Modern Centre Party was founded in 1982 by former NKP members who espoused a common programme of radicalism, liberalism and political reform. The PMZ entered government in 1983 with the SRPO where they promoted {{Wp|economic liberalism|economic}} and {{wp|social liberalism}}, going into opposition in 1999. They reformed a coalition government with the SRPO in 2011 as the junior partner where they pushed through {{Wp|austerity}} policies to reduce public expenditure. The PMZ lost power alongside the SRPO in 2019 and merged into [[Euclean Werania]] in 2021. <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background: #00CCBE;" |<br />
| [[File:JT-DK logo.png|120px]] <br />
| [[Homeland Union|Homeland Union - Way of Courage]]<br>''Tėvynės sąjunga – Drąsos kelias''<br>''Heimatbund – Der Weg des Mutes''<br />
| [[File:Valdas Adamkus2.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Vytautas Vaidotas]]<br />
| [[File:Jūlija Stepaņenko October 2019 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Natalija Saldaitiene]]<br />
| 1986<br />
| 2016<br />
|<br />
*[[Ruttland|Ruttish]] {{wp|Autonomism (political doctrine)|autonomism}}<br />
*{{wp|Liberalism}}<br />
*{{wp|Economic liberalism}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" | A centrist Ruttish regionalist party, the TS-DK was intended to represent "soft nationalism" uniting both Ruttish nationalists and other voters who were unhappy with the incumbent OSAI-dominated governments. The TS-DK was broadly centrist although had a strongly {{wp|economic liberalism|liberal}} approach to economic affairs. The party would form a coalition with the NKP in Ruttland for much of the 1990s and following the 2003 election served on a federal level as well. After 2007 it faced strong competition from the more nationalist [[National Coalition for Independence]] and faced an electoral wipeout in 2011; the party lost the remainder of its seats in 2015 and subsequently dissolved. <br />
|}<br />
{{Template:Werania}}<br />
[[Category:Werania]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Zentrum_Party_logo.png&diff=771979File:Zentrum Party logo.png2024-02-26T01:59:52Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
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<div></div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:JT-DK_logo.png&diff=771978File:JT-DK logo.png2024-02-26T01:45:52Z<p>Britbong64: Britbong64 uploaded a new version of File:JT-DK logo.png</p>
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<div></div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:JT-DK_logo.png&diff=771977File:JT-DK logo.png2024-02-26T01:44:58Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
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<div></div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Britbong64/Sandbox_3&diff=771975User:Britbong64/Sandbox 32024-02-26T01:20:14Z<p>Britbong64: /* Federal coalitions */</p>
<hr />
<div>Flags<br />
<gallery><br />
Ahnemunde Confederation flag.png|Rudolphine Confederation Banner<br />
Flag of Werania.png|Flag of the Weranian Confederation<br />
Royal standard Werania.jpg|Standard of the federal presidency <br />
Flag of the Weranian Republic.png|Flag of the Republic<br />
Weranic republican flag ensign.png|Civilian naval ensign<br />
Weranic republican flag.png|Military naval ensign<br />
Werania army flag.png|Flag of the Reichwehr<br />
Weranian air force ensign.png|Flag of the airforce<br />
Weranian raterepublik flag.png|Flag used during the Easter Revolution<br />
</gallery><br />
Emblems<br />
<gallery><br />
Werania Coat of Arms.png|Greater coat of arms<br />
Werania Coat of Arms mid.png|Coat of arms<br />
Werania coat of arms (Lesser).png|Lesser coat of arms<br />
Weranic republic emblem.png|Greater republican emblem<br />
Weranic republic emblem (1).png|Lesser republican emblem<br />
Werania army symbol.png|Emblem of the army<br />
Weranian naval symbol.png|Emblem of the navy<br />
Weranian air force symbol.png|Emblem of the airforce<br />
</gallery><br />
<gallery><br />
MRSZ flag.png|Armed Forces flag<br />
MRW logo.png|Land Force emblem<br />
MRSP symbol.png|Air Force emblem<br />
</gallery><br />
==Provincial data==<br />
:'''National parties'''<br />
{{Composition bar|303|1067|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
{{Composition bar|300|1067|hex=#800080}}<br />
{{Composition bar|183|1067|hex=#258B4C}} <br />
{{Composition bar|82|1067|hex=#F0001C}} <br />
{{Composition bar|35|1067|hex=#116468}} <br />
{{Composition bar|28|1067|hex=#CB3036}} <br />
===Cislania===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $707,368,664,117; {{wp|Switzerland}}}<br />
*GDPpc - $48,888; {{wp|Finland}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 28.72%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Cislania 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Bartholomäus Stobrawa]] (NKP)<br />
|image2=Markus Söder MSC 2019 (cropped).jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - NKP single party with DA/AVP parliamentary support. <br />
*Current term - May 2022 - May 2026<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 10 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 4 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 20 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 67 seats}} {{legend|#ADCFEF|AVP: 11 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 82 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 8 seats}}<br />
===Ruttland===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $399,130,274,907; {{Wp|Norway}} <br />
*GDPpc - $36,981; {{wp|United Arab Emirates}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 16.21%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=2021-2025 Ruttland.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2016-2020 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-Chairman [[Žygimantas Navikas]] (NNK)<br />
|image2=Flickr - Saeima - 9.Saeimas deputāts Raimonds Vējonis.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - NNK majority. <br />
*Current term - January 2021- January 2025<br />
{{legend|#CE2029|RSDT: 7 seats}} {{legend|#258B4C|Greens: 9 seats}} {{legend|#ED1651|SDRP-DS: 12 seats}} {{legend|#F2D200|NNK: 70 seats}} {{legend|#04428B|SDT: 16 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 11 seats}}<br />
===Roetenberg===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $356,707,114,470; {{wp|Philippines}}}<br />
*GDPpc - $40,635; {{wp|Japan}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 14.48%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Roetenberg 2021-2025.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2021-2025 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Dietrich Scheel]] (NKP)<br />
|image2=Reinhold Mitterlehner 2016.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - NKP/PMZ coalition. <br />
*Current term - January 2021- January 2025<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 8 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 4 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 30 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 24 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 51 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 4 seats}}<br />
===Wolfsfled===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $288,365,574,910; {{wp|Pakistan}}<br />
*GDPpc - $38,215; {{wp|United Arab Emirates}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 9.07%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Wolfsfled 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Willi Liebermann]] (EO)<br />
|image2=Heiko Maas 2018.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - EO-Green coalition<br />
*Current term - May 2022 - May 2026<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 8 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 1 seat}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 16 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 38 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 34 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 5 seats}}<br />
===Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $243,340,840,512; {{wp|Romania}}<br />
*GDPpc - $36,432; {{wp|United Arab Emirates}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 9.88%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=2021-2025 Bonnlitz-Ostbrucken.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2021-2025 legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Kristina Lötzsch]] (SRPO)<br />
|image2=Nationalpark Hunsrück-Hochwald, Eröffnungsveranstaltung (7872).JPG<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - SRPO-Green-OSAI coalition<br />
*Current term - January 2021- January 2025<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 10 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 6 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 27 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 29 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 30 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 3 seats}}<br />
===Prizen===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $158,904,236,816; {{wp|Ukraine}}<br />
*GDPpc - $38,504; {{wp|United Arab Emirates}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 6.45%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Prizen 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Karl Ehrenstein]] (EO)<br />
|image2=2019-05-26 Wahlabend Bremen by Sandro Halank–063.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - EO minority government <br />
*Current term - May 2022 - May 2026<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 10 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 3 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 15 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 45 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 34 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 6 seats}}<br />
<br />
===Elbenweis===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $154,759,549,656; {{wp|Ukraine}}<br />
*GDPpc - $47,679; {{Wp|San Marino}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 6.28%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Elbenweis 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Valentina Rösch]] (Greens)<br />
|image2=Katrin Goring-Eckardt MdB (cropped).jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - Green-EO coalition<br />
*Current term - May 2018 - May 2022<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 7 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 2 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 27 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 26 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 27 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 6 seats}}<br />
===Wittislich===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $68,959,499,160; {{wp|Panama}}<br />
*GDPpc - $46,264; {{Wp|Canada}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 2.8%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Wittislich 2021-2025.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1= 2021-2025 legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President Eckart Steinback (NKP)<br />
|image2=Arno Kompatscher 2015 crop.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - NKP majority<br />
*Current term - January 2021- January 2025<br />
{{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 1 seat}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 4 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 7 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 22 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 1 seat}}<br />
===Westbrücken===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $69,505,033,392; {{wp|Luxembourg}}<br />
*GDPpc - $64,602; {{wp|Singapore}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 2.82%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Westbrucken 2021-2025.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1= 2021-2025 legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Lord Mayor [[Ursula Böhmer]] (Greens)<br />
|image2=Maischberger - 2019-02-27-5664.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - SAPO-Greens-OSAI coalition<br />
*Current term - January 2021- January 2025<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 15 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 6 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 25 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 27 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 8 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 2 seats}}<br />
===Kolreuth===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $14,033,088,400; {{wp|Namibia}}<br />
*GDPpc - $55,100; {{wp|Australia}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 0.57%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Kolreuth 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Lord Mayor [[Bouthaina Ghalzaleh]] (SPRO)<br />
|image2=Wikimedia meeting with State Secretary Muna Duzdar - Vienna - May 2017 (2).jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - EO majority<br />
*Current term - May 2018 - May 2022<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 7 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 2 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 10 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 25 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 4 seats}} <br />
===Charlotte Island===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $1,438,638,680; {{wp|Solomon Islands}}<br />
*GDPpc - $14,584; {{Wp|Poland}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 0.06%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Charlotte Island 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President Matthias Iha (VP/AP) outgoing<br />
|image2=Governor David Ige.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - TBA<br />
*Current term - May 2022 - May 2026<br />
{{legend|#10880D|TFS: 5 seats}} {{legend|#FFE900|VFT: 8 seats}} {{legend|#26C4EC|VFA: 10 seats}}<br />
<br />
==Federal coalitions==<br />
*1980-1983 - Social Democratic Radical Party, Weranian Section of the Workers' International coalition<br />
*1983-1987 - Social Democratic Radical Party majority<br />
*1987-1991 - National Consolidation Party, Centre Party coalition<br />
*1991-1995 - Social Democratic Radical Party majority<br />
*1991-1995 - Social Democratic Radical Party majority<br />
*1999-2003 - Social Democratic Radical Party, Centre Party, Green Party Coalition<br />
*2003-2007 - National Consolidation Party, Democratic Homeland coalition<br />
*2007-2011 - National Consolidation Party, Democratic Homeland coalition<br />
*2011-2015 - Social Democratic Radical Party, Centre Party coalition<br />
*2015-2019 - Social Democratic Radical Party, Centre Party coalition<br />
*2019-2023 - National Consolidation Party, Democratic Alternative coalition<br />
*2023-2027 - National Consolidation Party majority<br />
<br />
==Decolonisation==<br />
[[File:Decolonisation plan.png|thumb|250px|Dark red - Category A. Pink - Category B. Light pink - Category C.]]<br />
1951 federation plan - proposed by the Colonies Minister Elmar Hattendorf and so became known as the Hattendorf plan. The plan aimed to divide the empire into three categories who would have different paths to self-determination. <br />
*Category A colonies were to be integrated into the metropole through the slow expansion of political rights with the intention of eventually becoming equal federal units. The integration of these territories was expected to last for 20-30 years. <br />
*Category B colonies were to hold referendums where they would either vote to be integrated albeit on a longer time scale like Category A colonies or enter a privileged partnership with Werania being governed as {{Wp|associated states}}. <br />
*Category C colonies were mandates believed by the Weranian government to be temporary and so were to have referendums where they would either endorse an extension of the mandate or enter negotiations for independence.<br />
The Hattendorf plan was a failure with there being widespread riots following its announcement, leading to the Weranian government to scrap it.<br />
<br />
==Misc==<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Aldmany<br />
| native_name = Aldeland<br />
| other_name =<br />
| settlement_type = Historical region<br />
| image_skyline = File:Bygstad.jpg<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| image_flag = Flag of Aldman.png<br />
| image_shield = Coat of Arms of Aldmany (1).png<br />
| image_map = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{plainlist|<br />
* {{flag|Estmere}}<br />
* {{flag|Werania}}}}<br />
| established_title = Aldmany<br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder =<br />
| seat_type = Largest cities<br />
| seat = {{plainlist|<br />
* <br />
* }}<br />
| population_demonym = {{plainlist|<br />
* Aldmand }}<br />
| timezone1 =<br />
| utc_offset1 = <br />
| timezone1_DST =<br />
| utc_offset1_DST =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{wp|Dienstmann}} - '''Die'''ns'''t'''''s'''''m'''an. Originally a derogatory term comparing settlers to serfs, it became a term of pride and affection for the settlers. The majority settled on the coast.<br />
Volkstag -> House of Deputies (Abgeordnetenhaus)<br><br />
Herrstag -> House of Councillors (Ratsmitgliederhaus)<br><br />
*Herrenhaus -> House of Lords (former upper house)<br />
'''Trade unions'''<br />
*Weranian Federation of Workers' (Ostischer Arbeitsverband; OAV) - Council communist, syndicalist (historical)<br />
*Confederation of Catholic Trade Unions (Bund Katholischer Gewerkschaften; BKG) - Christian left<br />
*Weranian Federation of Workers'-Workers' Democracy (Ostischer Arbeitsverband - Arbeiterdemokratie; OAV-AD) - Social democratic<br />
<br />
*1883 general strike<br />
*1891 general strike<br />
*1919 general strike<br />
*1950 general strike<br />
*1972 general strike<br />
*2009 public sector strike<br />
'''Uniforms'''<br />
*Revolutionary Army - Napoleonic Austrian<br />
*1842-1930's - k.u.k. Armee (Common Army + Austrian Landwehr)<br />
*1930's-1950's - Reichwehr/Wehrmacht<br />
*1950's-present - Bundeswehr<br />
<br />
*1842-1891 - limited suffrage - {{wp|Single non-transferable vote}}<br />
*1891-1911 - universal male suffrage - {{wp|plural voting}} - {{wp|block voting}}/{{wp|Single non-transferable vote}}<br />
*1911-1935 - universal male suffrage - {{wp|Single non-transferable vote}}<br />
*1935-1960 - universal suffrage - {{wp|party-list proportional representation}}<br />
*1960-present - universal suffrage - {{wp|parallel voting}}<br />
<br />
==Republic==<br />
{{Multiple image<br />
|header = Leading members of the First Republic (and factions)<br />
|perrow = 3<br />
|total_width = 400<br />
|image1 = Wolfgang-amadeus-mozart 1.jpg<br />
|caption1 = [[Franz Xaver Dobrizhoffer]] (Der Kreis). Ran the judiciary and interior ministries during the purge, but decline in influence thereafter. Executed.<br />
|image2 = Gerhard von Kügelgen 001.jpg<br />
|caption2 = [[Sigmund Auerswald]] (Der Kreis). Propagandist and strong supporter of the purge. Died of cholera.<br />
|image3 = Henri Lehmann - Portrait d'Alexander von Humboldt (vers 1835).jpg<br />
|caption3 = [[Joachim Hochheim]] (Opportunisten). Took control of the judiciary. Fled to Asteria.<br />
|image4 = Georg Forster-larger.jpg<br />
|caption4 = [[Julius Fischart]] (Kohlhausist). Took control of religious affairs. Executed during the purge.<br />
|image5 = Archdukecharles1.jpg<br />
|caption5 = [[Balthasar Hötzendorf]] (Der Kreis/Die Obersten). Main military commander. Executed. <br />
|image6 = Karl Philipp Schwarzemberg - Google Art Project.jpg<br />
|caption6 = [[Otto Schönbaum]] (Der Kreis/Die Obersten). Another senoir military figure. Executed. <br />
|image7 = Porträt des Freiherrn Karl vom und zum Stein als preußischer Minister.jpg<br />
|caption7 = [[Ignaz Bartuska]] (Opportunisten). The dominant figure in foreign politics. Imprisoned but later pardoned. <br />
|image8 = Frédéric-César de La Harpe by Pajou.jpg<br />
|caption8 = [[Anton von Kléber]] (Conventionist). A legal expert who ended the purge. Pardoned. <br />
|image9 = Maximilian von Montgelas (1806).jpg<br />
|caption9 = [[Ludwig von Kirchschläger]] (Conventionist). A diplomat. Eventually facilitated the end of the republic being pardoned.<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox political party<br />
|name=Brotherhood for the Rights of Man<br />
|native_name=Bruderschaft für die Rechte des Menschen<br />
|colorcode=#E34234<br />
|logo=[[File:Brotherhood symbol.png|150px]]<br />
|leader1_title=Leaders<br />
|leader1_name={{•}}[[Franz Xaver Dobrizhoffer]]<br />{{•}}[[Sigmund Auerswald]]<br />{{•}}[[Joachim Hochheim]]<br />{{•}}[[Otto Schönbaum]]<br />
|foundation={{start date and age|df=y|1784}}<br />
|dissolution={{end date and age|df=y|1801}}<br />
|headquarters=Hochgäu Palace, Westbrücken <br />
|newspaper={{•}}''Appell des Volkes''<br />{{•}}''Stimme für Rechte''<br />
|wing1_title=Factions<br />
|wing1= Kreisists<br>Opportunisten<br />
|ideology=[[Cult of Reason]]<br>{{wp|Republicanism}}<br />{{Wp|Radicalism (historical)|Radicalism}}<br>{{Wp|Dirigisme}}<br>{{Wp|Anticlericalism}}<br />
|position= {{wp|Left-wing}} to {{wp|far-left}}<br />
|colors={{color box|#E34234|border=darkgray}} Red<br />
|country=Werania<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox political party<br />
|name=Society of Friends of the People<br />
|native_name=Gesellschaft der Freunde des Volkes<br />
|colorcode=#48A5EE<br />
|logo=Rinderist flag.jpg<br />
|leader1_title=Leaders<br />
|leader1_name=tba<br />
|foundation={{start date and age|df=y|1784}}<br />
|dissolution={{end date and age|df=y|1786}}<br />
|headquarters=Rinder Estate, Westbrücken <br />
|newspaper=Volksherold<br />
|wing1_title=<br />
|wing1= <br />
|ideology={{Wp|Constitutional monarchy|Constitutional monarchism}}<br>{{wp|Whiggism|Parliamentarianism}}<br>{{Wp|Classical liberalism}}<br />
|position= {{wp|Centre right}}<br />
|colors={{color box|#48A5EE|border=darkgray}} Blue<br />
|country=Werania<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox political party<br />
|name=Supporters of the Assembly<br />
|native_name=Unterstützer der Versammlung<br />
|colorcode=#DDDDDD<br />
|logo=National Cockade of Latvia.svg<br />
|leader1_title=Leaders<br />
|leader1_name=Ludwig von Kirchschläger<br />
|foundation={{start date and age|df=y|1784}}<br />
|dissolution={{end date and age|df=y|1801}}<br />
|headquarters=Westbrücken <br />
|newspaper=<br />
|wing1_title=<br />
|wing1= <br />
|ideology={{Wp|Republicanism}}<br>{{wp|Syncretic politics|Political syncretism}}<br>{{Wp|Technocracy}}<hr>'''Factions'''<br>{{Wp|Radicalism (historical)|Radicalism}}<br>{{wp|Classical liberalism}}<br />
|position= {{wp|Centrism|Centre}}<br />
|colors={{color box|#DDDDDD|border=darkgray}} Grey<br />
|country=Werania<br />
}}<br />
<br />
1786-1790: Radical period<br><br />
1790-1792: Opportunist period<br><br />
1792-1801: Milotary period <br><br />
Political factions of the Weranian revolution:<br />
*Kohlhausists - the most radical faction named after their meeting place the Kohlhaus. Led by Julius Fischart they supported an especially violent form of anticlericalism becoming notorious for their support of revolutionary terror. They opposed the Kreisists and the Cult of Rationalism. They were purged in 1787 by the Kreisists. <br />
*Brotherhood of the Rights of Man - the main republican faction of the revolution. Taking power in 1785 following the March of the 100, the Brotherhood dominated governance until the rise of Hötzendorf in 1791. <br />
**[[The Circle]] (Der Kreis) - its members were known as Kreisists (Circlists) and it was the most prominent faction within the Brotherhood. Grouped around Franz Xaver Dobrizhoffer and Sigmund Auerswald it began the revolutionary violence following the declaration of the republic. They dominated the governance of Werania until 1789 when their leader Dobrizhoffer was ousted; the faction remained prominent under Otto Schönbaum however with their opponents, the Opportunisten, never able to fully purge them. They supported the Cult of Rationalism and were sometimes called the Rationalists. <br />
***Die Obersten (The Colonels) - a group of Kreisists predominantly within the military grouped around Balthasar Hötzendorf that gained power as military matters dominated the republic. They were similar to the mainline Kreisists but were considered to be more militaristic and technocratic in character. <br />
**Opportunisten (Opportunists) - members of the moderate tendency of the Brotherhood, they were derisively named opportunists after their leader Joachim Hochheim ousted Dobrizhoffer in 1789. They were generally mistrusted by the radical left and the moderate right. <br />
*Conventionists - the Conventionists represented the centrist tendency of the National Convention. They spanned a wide range of republicans and constitutional monarchists but were generally in favour of representative government. The Conventionists became unable to prevent revolutionary and reactionary violence and split between the Opportunisten who joined the Brotherhood and those that were purged for being affiliated with the Rinderists. <br />
*Rinderists - officially the Society of Friends of the People, the Rinderists were the centre-right faction with the National Diet who generally supported the preservation of the monarchy under a constitutional regime. The March of the 100 discredited the monarchy and the Rinderists were purged in 1786. Essentially whigs.<br />
*Reaktionäre - the supporters of an absolutist system, the reactionaries were the far-right of the political spectrum and were purged in 1786. Essentially tories.<br />
{{Infobox former country<br />
|native_name = Ostische Syndikalverband<br />
|conventional_long_name = Weranian Syndical Federation<br />
|common_name = Werania<br />
|continent = [[Euclea]]<br />
|region = <br />
|country = Werania<br />
|era = <br />
|status =<br />
|status_text = <br />
|empire = <br />
|government_type = {{wp|Federation|Federal}} {{wp|One-party state|single party}} {{wp|National syndicalism|national syndicalist}} {{wp|Totalitarianism|totalitarian dictatorship}}<br />
|legislature = [[Syndikatskammer]]<br />
|year_start = 1941<br />
|year_end = 1950<br />
|<br />
|event_start = [[Ides of June]]<br />
|date_start = 17<sup>th</sup> June<br />
|event_end = Velvet Revolution<br />
|date_end = 14<sup>th</sup> May<br />
|<br />
|event1 = [[Valduvian-Weranian War]]<br />
|date_event1 = 17<sup>th</sup> December 1949 - 30<sup>th</sup> May 1950<br />
|event2 = <br />
|date_event2 = <br />
|event3 = <br />
|date_event3 = <br />
|<br />
|event_pre = <!--- Optional: A crucial event that took place before before "event_start"---><br />
|date_pre = <br />
|event_post = <!--- Optional: A crucial event that took place before after "event_end"---><br />
|date_post = <br />
|<br />
|<!--- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 ---><br />
|p1 = Werania<br />
|flag_p1 = Flag of Werania.png<br />
|image_p1 = <br />
|p2 = <br />
|flag_p2 =<br />
|image_p2 = <br />
|s1 = Werania<br />
|flag_s1 = Flag of Werania.png<br />
|image_s1 = <br />
|image_flag = OSU Flag.png<br />
|flag = <br />
|flag_type = Flag<br />
|<br />
|image_coat = Coaemblwm.png<br />
|symbol = <br />
|symbol_type = Emblem<br />
|<br />
|image_map = Werania post WTA.png<br />
|image_map_caption =<br />
|<br />
|capital = [[Westbrücken]]<br />
|<br />
|national_motto = <br />
|national_anthem = <br />
|common_languages = {{wp|German language|Weranian}}<br />
|religion = <br />
|currency = Mark<br />
|leader1 = [[Dietrich zu Kolbenheyer]]<br />
|year_leader1 = 1941-1942<br />
|leader2 = [[Siegfried Höcker]]<br />
|year_leader2 = 1942-1950<br />
|leader3 = [[Franz Rössler]]<br />
|year_leader3 = 1950<br />
|title_leader = Supreme Leader <br />
|stat_year1 = <br />
|stat_area1 = <br />
|stat_pop1 = <br />
|stat_year2 = <br />
|stat_area2 = <br />
|stat_pop2 = <br />
|today = {{flag|Werania}}<br>{{flag|Valduvia}}<br />
}}</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=2023_Weranian_federal_election&diff=7718262023 Weranian federal election2024-02-25T16:36:59Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox election<br />
| election_name = 2023 Weranian federal election<br />
| country = Werania<br />
| type = parliamentary<br />
| ongoing = no<br />
| previous_election = [[2019 Weranian federal election]]<br />
| previous_year = [[2019 Weranian federal election|2019]]<br />
| next_election = <br />
| next_year = <br />
| registered = <br />
| seats_for_election = All 545 seats to the [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]]<br /> <small>273 seats are needed for a majority in the House of Deputies<br />
| opinion_polls = <br />
| turnout = 33,424,849 (70.1%) {{decrease}}7.81%<br />
| election_date = 2 June 2023<br />
<br />
<!-- NKP --><br />
| image1 = [[File:Эммануэль Макрон (52371529117).jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| leader1 = [[Anton Raicevich]]<br />
| leader_since1 = 30<sup>th</sup> June 2022<br />
| leaders_seat1 = [[Wittislich]]<br />
| party1 = [[National Consolidation Party|NKP]]<br />
| color1 = FF6A00<br />
| last_election1 = 253 seats, 36.61%<br />
| seats_before1 = <br />
| seats_needed1 = <br />
| seats1 = 300<br />
| seat_change1 = {{increase}}47<br />
| popular_vote1 = 13,758,503<br />
| percentage1 = 41.16%<br />
| swing1 = {{increase}}4.55%<br />
<br />
<!-- EO --><br />
| image2 =[[File:Hearing of Věra Jourová (Czech Republic) - Vice president-designate - Values and Transparency (48859288246) (cropped).jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| leader2 = [[Luise Höcherl]]<br />
| leader_since2 = 28<sup>th</sup> September 2021<br />
| leaders_seat2 = [[Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken]]<br />
| party2 = [[Euclean Werania|EO]]<br />
| color2 = 800080<br />
| last_election2 = ''New party''<br />
| seats_before2 = <br />
| seats_needed2 = <br />
| seats2 = 101<br />
| seat_change2 = ''New party''<br />
| popular_vote2 = 6,743,028<br />
| percentage2 = 20.17%<br />
| swing2 = ''New party''<br />
<br />
<!-- Grüns--><br />
| image3 = [[File:180913 Kretschmann Hybrid Faehre 01 (cropped).jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| leader3 = Caspar Schönherr<br />
| leader_since3 = ''Candidate for premier''<br />
| leaders_seat3 = [[Elbenweis]]<br />
| party3 = [[Green-Red Alliance]]<br />
| color3 = 2BA035<br />
| last_election3 = 80 seats, 18.52%<br />
| seats_before3 = <br />
| seats_needed3 = 51<br />
| seats3 = 51<br />
| seat_change3 = {{decrease}}35<br />
| popular_vote3 = 4,100,181<br />
| percentage3 = 12.27%<br />
| swing3 = {{decrease}}6.25%<br />
<br />
<!--NNK--><br />
| image5 = [[File:Raimonds Vejonis 2019 (cropped).jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| leader5 = [[Žygimantas Navikas]]<br />
| leader_since5 = 16<sup>th</sup> June 2022<br />
| leaders_seat5 = ''Not contesting''<br />
| party5 = [[National Coalition for Independence|NNK]]<br />
| color5 = F2D200<br />
| last_election5 = 31 seats, 4.18%<br />
| seats5 = 40<br />
| seat_change5 = {{increase}}9<br />
| popular_vote5 = 2,085,912<br />
| percentage5 = 6.24%<br />
| swing5 = {{increase}}2.06%<br />
<br />
<!-- DA--><br />
| image6 = [[File:2018 Karin Kneissl Paul Richard Gallagher (16. Jänner 2018) (24876263787) (cropped).jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| leader6 = [[Käthe Schickdanze]]<br />
| leader_since6 = 18<sup>th</sup> October 2014<br />
| leaders_seat6 = [[Prizen]]<br />
| party6 = [[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|DA]]<br />
| color6 = 116468<br />
| last_election6 = 30 seats, 9.12%<br />
| seats6 = 9<br />
| seat_change6 = {{decrease}}21<br />
| popular_vote6 = 1,018,596<br />
| percentage6 = 3.07%<br />
| swing6 = {{decrease}}6.04%<br />
<br />
<!-- OSAI --><br />
| image4 = [[File:2019-10-27 Wahlabend Thüringen by Sandro Halank–73.jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| leader4 = [[Peter Lötzsch]]<br />
| leader_since4 = 17<sup>th</sup> May 2012<br />
| leaders_seat4 = Westbrücken<br />
| party4 = [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International|OSAI]]<br />
| color4 = F0001C<br />
| last_election4 = 22 seats, 5.96%<br />
| seats4 = 40<br />
| seat_change4 = {{increase}}18<br />
| popular_vote4 = 3,357,844<br />
| percentage4 = 10.05%<br />
| swing4 = {{increase}}4.09%<br />
<br />
<!-- Map --><br />
| map_image = Blank werania election map2.png<br />
| map_size = 350px<br />
| map_caption = Map of constituency seats won (upper) and of states won in the proportional block (lower).<br />
<br />
<!-- Result --><br />
| title = [[Premier of Werania|Premier]]<br />
| before_election = [[Anton Raicevich]]<br />
| before_party = [[National Consolidation Party|NKP]]<br />
| after_election =<br />
| after_party =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''49<sup>th</sup> federal election''' was held in the [[Werania|Weranian Confederation]] for the [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]] (the lower house of the [[Bundestag of Werania]]) on the 2<sup>nd</sup> June 2023. All 545 deputies were be elected under a {{wp|Parallel voting|mixed-member majoritarian system}} with 300 through a proportional bloc and 250 through direct mandates.<br />
<br />
The election saw the incumbent [[National Consolidation Party]]-[[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]] coalition defending a majority against the opposition [[Euclean Werania]] (a merger of the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|Social Democratic Radical Party]] and [[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|Modern Centre Party]]), the [[Green-Red Alliance]] (an alliance of the [[Greens - Ecological Action|Green Party]] and [[Socialist Workers' Party of Werania]]) and the [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]]. Following the [[2022 National Consolidation Party leadership election|replacement]] of NKP leader and [[Premier of Werania|Premier]] [[Otto von Hößlin]] with [[Anton Raicevich]] in July 2022 the NKP had risen in the polls and were projected to make gains although the party's ability to gain a majority was questioned. <br />
<br />
The disunity of the opposition allowed the NKP to exploit divisions within them, running a {{wp|red scare}} campaign alleging that Euclean Werania and the Green-Red Alliance would form a left-wing coalition with the OSAI. The NKP also continued its appropriation of {{wp|right-wing populism|right-wing populist}} rhetoric and policies thereby taking support from their right including the DA.<br />
<br />
The election saw the NKP secure a majority government, the first time a party has achieved this in Werania since 1995 and the first time the NKP had since 1976. Notably the NKP went from a coalition to a majority government, the first time this has happened in Weranian history. The NKP gained a strong majority of single-mandate districts with the opposition mainly gaining proportional block seats. Euclean Werania remained the largest opposition party although made no significant progress whilst the Greens lost seats compared to 2019. The OSAI got their best result since 2007 whilst the [[National Coalition for Independence]] gained the most seats in [[Ruttland]]. The DA almost failed to cross the 3% electoral threshold for the proportional block. <br />
<br />
Turnout was 70%, the lowest in over a century. <br />
==Electoral process==<br />
Werania has since 1960 used a {{wp|Parallel voting|mixed-member majoritarian system}}. 300 seats are elected by {{Wp|proportional representation}} with the entire country treated as a single electoral district and a 3% {{wp|electoral threshold}} being in place. The other 245 seats are elected via single-member constituencies through a {{wp|first-past-the-post voting}} system. The current electoral boundaries for the 245 constituency seats were approved in 2020 by the Electoral Board, with boundaries being decided every 10 years based on census data. Should a party have 273 or more deputies in the House, it has an absolute majority and could thus govern autonomously, without a coalition partner. The constitution can be amended with a supermajority of two-thirds, or 360 deputies. <br />
<br />
Voters have to registrar to vote a month before polling day. In order to be eligible to vote one must be over the age of 18, be a citizen of Werania, have a permanent address in Werania and not be currently in prison. <br />
<br />
Each party by convention nominates a single "premier candidate" ({{wp|Lead Candidate|spitzenkandidat}}) that leads the party in debates, even if the party has multiple leaders. However only the largest parties spitzenkandidats are considered to be likely to become premier.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
In the last federal election in [[2019 Weranian federal election|2019]] the incumbent coalition of the centre-left [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|Social Democratic Radical Party]] and the centrist [[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|Modern Centre Party]] led by [[Premier of Werania|premier]] [[Josef Felder]] lost to the centre-right [[National Consolidation Party]] led by [[Otto von Hößlin]] who formed a coalition with the right-wing [[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]] a month after the federal elections. The coalition came to power on a mandate of tax cuts and limiting migration retaining high popularity after their election. The popularity was unevenly distributed with the NKP seeing a high rise in popularity whilst the DA collapsed in the polls. In the first electoral test for the new coalition in the [[2021 Weranian House of Councillors election|2021 upper house election]] the DA lost all the seats being contested whilst the NKP gained a majority in the chamber. <br />
<br />
In mid-2021 the NKP was embroiled in the Furler affair when Defence Minister [[Ulrich Furler]] was implicated in lobbying for arms company Volger GmbH. Furler eventually resigned being replaced with [[Anton Raicevich]] but the controversy badly damaged the NKP-DA government. In August 2021 the SRPO and PMZ merged to form [[Euclean Werania]] (EO) although a minority of the SRPO formed the [[Socialist Workers' Party of Werania]]. EO's creation and the Furler Affair contributed to a decline in popularity for the NKP-DA coalition. <br />
<br />
In early 2022 Premier von Hösslin and Finance Minister [[Wolfgang Kanther]] were alleged to have "''systematically favoured''" the Hosokawa corporation in the awarding of public contracts with up to a fifth of government contracts being awarded to Hosokawa. On the 24th April the Bundestag's Standards Committee has censured von Hösslin and Kanther for failing to ensure that public contracts are handed out "in fairness and in line with public expectations". A day later the Social Affairs Minister [[Simas Nekrošius]] from the DA resigned due to "''a lack of accountability" from the premier''".<br />
<br />
The Hosokawa affair led to a decline in popularity for the NKP with the EO often level with them in the polls. As a result in the leadup to the triannual [[2022 National Consolidation Party leadership election|NKP leadership election]] von Hösslin announced that he would not contest the leadership effectively resigning. Initially the frontrunners for the leadership were [[Jörg Bullmann]] and [[Andrea Däubler]], but Bullmann pulled out after a plagiarism scandal with Anton Raicevich leapfrogging to become frontrunner. With the support of [[Cislania]]n Minister-President [[Bartholomäus Stobrawa]] Raicevich became leader appointing Däubler as deputy leader and Finance Minister.<br />
==Timetable==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| style="width: 50px;" |6 April ||Premier [[Anton Raicevich]] announced his intention to dissolve the House of Deputies and hold an election for the 2<sup>nd</sup> June.<br />
|-<br />
|10 April||Holder of the Federal Presidency [[Charlotte II of Werania|Charlotte II]] approves of the Premier's request to hold an election.<br />
|-<br />
| 14 April ||Formal dissolution of the House of Deputies; start of campaign period.<br />
|-<br />
| 5 May || Last day members of the public could register to vote.<br />
|-<br />
|8 May || Last day in which members of the public could apply for proxy voting or postal voting.<br />
|-<br />
|19 May || Last day for candidates to file nomination papers.<br />
|-<br />
|2 June || '''Polling day'''<br />
|-<br />
|9 June || New House of Deputies Assembled<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Parties==<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left<br />
|-<br />
!Parliamentary<br>affiliation<br />
!colspan=3|Party<br />
!Ideology<br />
!{{wp|Lead Candidate|Spitzenkandidat}}<br />
!Outgoing<br>seats<br />
!In government<br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Left-wing politics|Left}}<br />
| style="background:#F0001C" |<br />
| [[File:OSAI logo.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]]<br />
| {{wp|Socialism}}, {{wp|Libertarian socialism}}<br />
| [[Peter Lötzsch]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|22|545|hex=#F0001C}}<br />
| {{N}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| {{wp|Centre-left}}<br />
| style="background:#CB3036" |<br />
| [[File:SAPO logo2.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Socialist Workers' Party of Werania]]<br />
| {{wp|Democratic socialism}}, {{Wp|Enviromentalism}}<br />
|rowspan=2| Caspar Schönherr<br />
| {{Composition bar|6|545|hex=#CB3036}}<br />
| {{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#1B9431" |<br />
| [[File:Green left logo.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Greens - Ecological Action]]<br />
| {{wp|Green politics}}, {{wp|Progressivism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|80|545|hex=#1B9431}}<br />
| {{N}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3| {{wp|Centrism|Centre}}<br />
| style="background:#ADCFEF" |<br />
| [[File:AVp logo.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Aldman People's Party]]<br />
| Aldman interests, {{Wp|Liberalism}}<br />
| N/A<ref group="b" name="NNK spitzenkandidat">The AVP did not nominate a spitzenkandidat with the party leader Haiko Posthuma representing the party in debates.</ref> <br />
| {{Composition bar|2|545|hex=#ADCFEF}}<br />
| {{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#F2D200" |<br />
| [[File:RNP logo.png|50px]]<br />
| [[National Coalition for Independence]]<br />
| [[Ruttland|Ruttish]] {{wp|separatism}}, {{wp|Populism}}<br />
| N/A<ref group="c" name="NNK spitzenkandidat">The NNK did not nominate a spitzenkandidat with the party leader Žygimantas Navikas representing the party in debates.</ref> <br />
| {{Composition bar|31|545|hex=#F2D200}}<br />
| {{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#800080" |<br />
| [[File:EO logo.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Euclean Werania]]<br />
| {{wp|Social liberalism}}, {{wp|Pro-Europeanism|Pro-Eucleanism}}<br />
| [[Luise Höcherl]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|111|545|hex=#800080}}<br />
| {{N}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3| {{wp|Centre-right}}<br />
| style="background:#04428B" |<br />
| [[File:SDT logo.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Homeland]]<br />
| [[Ruttland|Ruttish]] {{wp|regionalism}}, {{Wp|Christian Democracy|Sotirian Democracy}}<br />
| N/A<ref group="d" name="SDT spitzenkandidat">The SDT did not nominate a spitzenkandidat with the party leader Natalija Saldaitiene representing the party in debates.</ref> <br />
| {{Composition bar|9|545|hex=#04428B}}<br />
| {{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#26C4EC" |<br />
| [[File:VP-PA logo.png|50px]]<br />
| [[United Party (Charlotte Island)|United Party]]<br />
| [[Werania|Weranian]]-[[Charlotte Island|Charlotte Islander]] {{wp|unionism}}, {{wp|Conservatism}}<br />
| N/A<ref group="e" name="VP-PA spitzenkandidat">The United Party did not nominate a spitzenkandidat.</ref> <br />
| {{Composition bar|1|545|hex=#26C4EC}}<br />
| {{Y}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00" |<br />
| [[File:NKP logo modern.png|50px]]<br />
| [[National Consolidation Party]]<br />
| {{wp|Conservatism}}, {{wp|Christian Democracy|Sotirian Democracy}}<br />
| [[Anton Raicevich]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|253|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Y}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{wp|Right-wing politics|Right}}<br />
| style="background:#116468" |<br />
| [[File:Democratic Alternative.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]]<br />
| {{wp|National liberalism}}, {{wp|Euroscepticism#Hard_Euroscepticism|Euclescepticism}}<br />
| [[Käthe Schickdanze]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|30|545|hex=#116468}}<br />
| {{Y}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Campaign===<br />
[[File:Emmanuel Macron, President, France (26312718449).jpg|thumb|250px|[[National Consolidation Party]] leader and [[Premier of Werania|Premier]] [[Anton Raicevich]] campaigning in Wiesstadt.]]<br />
The [[National Consolidation Party]] ran a campaign based on emphasising their record in government including a mixture of tax cuts, more stringent law and order policies and reducing migration. The biggest shift from the 2019 platform was a pledge to reform labour and industrial relations legislation with the NKP supporting reforms to make it harder for trade unions to strike in certain circumstances. Another shift from 2019 is a more pro-Euclean policy supporting harmonising towards a single Euclean corporate tax. Additionally the NKP advocated the continued freezing of reconciliation with [[Valduvia]] wanting compensation for the Burish genocide to be prioritised and restarted. The NKP ran a presidential campaign putting their leader and incumbent premier Raicevich at the forefront capitalising on his high approval ratings.<br />
<br />
[[Euclean Werania]] supported continuing some of the policies of the former [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|SRPO]]-[[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|PMZ]] government including an expanded house building programme, increasing investment in the healthcare service to eliminate waitlists whilst repealing NKP reforms in healthcare and in the education sector to reduce class sizes. EO moved away from both the SRPO and PMZ in supporting the return of the 1982-2001 wealth tax and committing to achieving net zero by 2060. On the international level EO supported greater Euclean cooperation on [[Tsabara]] advocating the EC to continue to ensure safe zones in Tsabara and to increase support for [[Etruria]] and [[Paretia]] to safely house refugees. However unlike the NKP EO supported a harsher stance on rule of law issues in Paretia and Eturia. <br />
<br />
The [[Green-Red Alliance|Greens]] ran with the small Socialist Workers Party in this election on a left-wing programme that has emphasised greater moves towards a green economy and reversing the right wing policies of the NKP-DA coalition government. The Greens called for a carbon neutral Werania by 2035, increasing healthcare, education and welfare spending and reforming the housing system both to make housing and private renting more affordable. [[File:Informal JHA meeting (Justice) Arrivals (26031833578).jpg|thumb|250px|[[Euclean Werania]] leader [[Luise Höcherl]] speaking to reporters.|left]] The Greens also called for banning fossil-fuel automobile sales and production by 2030, expanding electric vehicle production and increasing renewable energy production. The Greens also support banning the opening of new nuclear power plants and closing existing ones by 2028. The Green coalition was the only one to advocate simplifying the process to change one’s legal gender. The Greens nominated Wiesstadt Mayor Caspar Schönherr as ''spitzenkandidat''. <br />
The [[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]] proposed a more right wing platform then in 2019 including a move to repatriate rather than integrate migrants and calling for the return of the death penalty. The Democratic Alternative also supported an in/out referendum on the Euclo and have attacked the political establishment as being too accommodating of the EC. As part of their rightwards shift the DA supported punitive measures in law and order policies and much harsher immigration. The DA wanted to double Weranias nuclear capacity by 2040 and focus more on individual rather than public transportation infrastructure. The DA also pledged to implement a tougher approach to [[Zorasan]] and [[Shangea]].<br />
<br />
The [[National Coalition for Independence]] embarked on a more moderate campaign then in 2019. The NNK supported a referendum on Ruttish sovereignty within the next parliamentary term but also put forward a more conventionally centre left programme calling for increased spending in healthcare, pensions and education as well as opposing changes to federal labour laws. The NNK also supported restricting immigration to Ruttland and the creation of a “Ruttish Charter of Rights” to institutionalise bilingualism and restrict “cultural discrimination” to Ruttland.<br />
[[File:Winfried Kretschmann, Renate Künast.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Green-Red Alliance|Green]] ''spitzenkandidat'' Caspar Schönherr in a pub in Elbenweis.]]<br />
The [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]] focused their campaign in reducing the cost of living and “overcoming capitalism”. The OSAI supported reforming the Euclean Central Bank to prioritise job creation over anti-inflation, restricting financial speculation and closing tax loopholes in order to raise revenue alongside introducing harsher punishments on tax evasion. The OSAI also supported banning layoffs in companies turning substantial profits and introducing a 35 hour workweek. The OSAI also supported the abolition of the monarchy and wanted reconciliation with [[Mutual Assistance Organisation|MASSOR]] countries. The OSAI wants sanctions to be applied to [[Soravia]] and Etruria and for Werania to end military assistance to Tsabara.<br />
<br />
The campaign saw the disunity of the opposition highlighted as the three primary opposition forces - EO, the Green-Red Alliance and the OSAI - were not projectd to overtake the NKP in seats. The NKP ran a {{wp|red scare}} campaign stating that the EO and Green-Red Alliance would go into coalition with the OSAI and would seek to introduce a socialist system in Werania. <br />
==Opinion Polls==<br />
{{Graph:Chart|hannotatonslabel=|yGrid=yes<br />
|linewidth=2.5<br />
|yAxisMin=0<br />
|yAxisTitle=% of votes<br />
|vannotatonsline=<br />
|position=centre<br />
|vannotatonslabel=<br />
|xAxisAngle=-10<br />
|xType=date|x=2019/05/01, 2019/06/01, 2019/07/01, 2019/08/01, 2019/09/01, 2019/10/01, 2019/11/01, 2019/12/01, 2020/01/01, 2020/02/01, 2020/03/01, 2020/04/01, 2020/05/01, 2020/06/01, 2020/07/01, 2020/08/01, 2020/09/01, 2020/10/01, 2020/11/01, 2020/12/01, 2021/01/01, 2021/02/01, 2021/03/01, 2021/04/01, 2021/05/01, 2021/06/01, 2021/07/01, 2021/08/01, 2021/09/01, 2021/10/01, 2021/11/01, 2021/12/01, 2022/01/01, 2022/02/01, 2022/03/01, 2022/04/01, 2022/05/01, 2022/06/01, 2022/07/01, 2022/08/01, 2022/09/01, 2022/10/01, 2022/11/01, 2022/12/01, 2023/01/01, 2023/02/01, 2023/03/01, 2023/04/01, 2023/05/01<br />
|legend=Legend:<br />
|width=780<br />
|height=390<br />
|type=line|interpolate=bundle|hannotatonsline=5<br />
|colors=#FF6A00,#ED1651,#019CDB,#800080,#258B4C, #116468, #F0001C,#F2D200,#CB3036,#dddddd|showSymbols=1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1|symbolsShape=circle|symbolsNoFill=false|symbolsStroke=1.25|xAxisTitle=date|xAxisMax=1685360800000<br />
|y1Title=NKP|y1=36.6, 40.1, 42.4, 45.3, 42.6, 43.2, 40.4, 44.6, 43.2, 42.5, 44.7, 39.7, 41.2, 40.7, 41.4, 39.6, 42.5, 43.2, 40.5, 41.7, 41.3, 42.4, 42.5, 42.2, 42.4, 40.5, 40.8, 35.6, 33.8, 31.7, 32.6,34.8,34.2,35.6, 30.6, 33.5, 32.2, 32.6, 34.7, 37.2, 40.6, 40.2, 41.6, 44.7, 42.5, 44.2, 42.9, 42.7, 41.9<br />
|y2Title=SRPO|y2=15.0, 15.5, 14.7, 10.6, 10.2, 10.7, 10.5, 9.2, 17.7, 16.8, 16.2, 11.4, 10.6, 13.2, 11.6, 9.9, 10.2, 12.7, 13.2, 13.4, 14.2, 12.6, 10.4, 9.6, 8.9, 9.1, 9.6<br />
|y3Title=PMZ|y3=6.6, 6.8, 7.6, 9.2, 11.1, 12.6, 14.2, 13.8, 9.4, 10.4, 12.7, 11.2, 12.4, 11.8, 12.4, 14.6, 13.2, 10.6, 10.2, 10.1, 9.6, 11.4, 11.7, 11.4, 11.5, 12.8, 13.4 <br />
|y4Title=EO|y4=,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,30.7, 31.2, 31.2,34.8, 34.8, 33.6,28.4, 30.4, 31.7, 31.6, 34.7, 31.2, 30.5, 31.4, 29.6, 26.8, 27.4, 28.2, 25.5, 22.8, 20.8, 21.8<br />
|y5Title=Greens|y5=18.5, 19.2, 16.3, 18.4, 17.6, 19.2, 19.7, 17.5, 14.6, 13.9, 12.5, 21.5, 22.4, 20.6, 21.8, 22.4, 20.7, 21.4, 20.8, 22.6, 21.9, 21.7, 23.5, 24.2, 26.3, 24.7, 23.7, 20.2, 20.6, 19.4, 21.2, 19.7, 18.5,17.8, 17.7, 15.6, 14.7, 15.3, 14.8, 12.6, 11.7, 12.5, 13.7, 11.6, 12.6, 13.8, 15.2, 14.5, 14.8<br />
|y6Title=DA|y6=6.1, 4.7, 4.2, 3.4, 4.6, 3.8, 2.6, 3.1, 4.6, 3.6, 2.4, 4.6, 2.3, 2.8, 2.5, 3.1, 2.7, 2.4, 2.6, 2.2, 3.4, 3.1, 3.3, 2.5, 2.9, 2.5, 2.2, 2.1, 3.1, 3.3, 3.6, 3.4, 3.6,3.2, 2.7, 3.4, 2.9, 3.2, 1.9, 1.5, 2.1, 1.8, 2.4, 1.4, 1.7, 2.5, 3.1, 3.5, 3.2<br />
|y7Title=OSAI|y7=5.9, 5.8, 6.1, 5.7, 5.5, 5.1, 6.3, 5.7, 4.8, 5.1, 4.7, 4.4, 5.2, 4.6, 5.7, 5.2, 5.8, 5.5, 5.8, 5.2, 4.8, 5.4, 4.5, 4.7, 5.2, 5.4, 5.2, 5.9, 6.4, 6.5, 6.8, 7.4, 6.5, 6.1, 8.9, 8.8, 8.9, 9.1, 9.5, 10.7, 8.3, 8.6, 8.7, 8.5, 7.9, 7.7, 8.4, 10.8, 10.3<br />
|y8Title=NNK|y8=4.1, 3.8, 3.6, 3.4, 3.5, 3.5, 3.4, 3.4, 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 3.4, 3.4, 2.9, 3.2, 3.6, 3.1, 4.1, 3.8, 3.7, 3.1, 2.7, 3.4, 3.8, 3.2, 3.7, 3.8, 3.7, 3.6, 3.6, 3.5, 3.7, 3.8, 4.5, 4.3, 4.7, 4.4, 4.7, 4.5, 4.1, 3.4, 4.1, 3.9, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.4, 3.3, 4.8<br />
|y9Title=SAPO|y9=,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2.1, 2.4, 2.4, 1.4, 1.2, 1.5, 1.7, 1.9, 1.4, 1.5, 1.8, 1.6, 1.9, 1.5, 1.9, 1.6, 1.6, 1.8, 1.9, 2.4, 1.4, 1.8<br />
|y10Title=Other|y10=6.5, 4.1, 3.7, 3.0, 4.6, 2.4, 2.5, 2.3, 3.3, 3.1, 3.4, 2.2, 3.2, 2.5, 2.3, 2.2, 2.6, 2.8, 2.8, 2, 2.1, 1, 2.4, 1, 1.5, 1.1, 1.8, 1.3, 1.4, 1.2, 1.7, 1.4, 1.6, 1.9, 1.1, 1.9, 0.9, 1.6, 1.8, 1.5, 1.0, 1.3, 1.6, 1.3, 1.9, 1.1, 1.8, 3, 1.4}}<br />
<br />
==Results==<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right<br />
|colspan=10|[[File:2023 Weranian bundestag diagram.svg|center|300px]]<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2 rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|Party<br />
!colspan=3|Constituency<br />
!colspan=3|Propotional<br />
!rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|Total<br />
!rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|±<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Votes<br />
! style="width:45px;"| %<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Seats<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Votes<br />
! style="width:45px;"| %<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Seats<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#FF6A00"| ||align=left|[[National Consolidation Party]]||14,856,781||44.32||166||13,758,503||41.16||134||500||{{increase}}47<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#800080"| ||align=left|[[Euclean Werania]]||7,700,595||22.97||36||6,743,028||20.17||65||101||''New''<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#258B4C"| ||align=left|[[Green-Red Alliance]]||3,216,922||9.60||11||4,100,181||12.27||40||51||{{decrease}}35<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#F0001C"| ||align=left|[[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]]||2,867,566||8.55||8||3,357,844||10.05||32||40||{{increase}}18<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#F2D200"| ||align=left|[[National Coalition for Independence]]||2,245,617||6.70||20||2,085,912||6.24||20||40||{{increase}}9<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#116468"| ||align=left|[[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]]||578,328||1.73||0||1,018,596||3.05||9||9||{{decrease}}21<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#04428B"| ||align=left|[[Sotirian Democratic Homeland]]||385,975||1.15||2||328,594||0.98||0||2||{{decrease}}7<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#ADCFEF"| ||align=left|[[Aldman People's Party]]||305,815||0.91||1||224,829||0.67||0||1||{{decrease}}1<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#26C4EC"| ||align=left|[[United Party (Charlotte Island)|United Party]]||189,656||0.57||1||189,564||0.57||0||1||-<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#DDDDDD"| ||align=left|Others||588,486||1.76||0||1,049,955||3.14||0||0||0<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|Invalid/blank votes||589,108||–||–||567,843||-||-||-||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|'''Total'''||'''33,424,849 '''||'''-'''||'''245'''||'''33,424,849'''||'''-'''||'''300'''||'''545'''||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|Registered voters/turnout||47,683,728||70.1%||–||–||-||-||-||-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Aftermath==<br />
===Outcome===<br />
===Government formation===<br />
{{Template:Weranian elections}}<br />
[[Category:Werania]]<br />
<references group="a"/><br />
<references group="b"/><br />
<references group="c"/><br />
<references group="d"/><br />
<references group="e"/></div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Britbong64/Sandbox_3&diff=771825User:Britbong64/Sandbox 32024-02-25T16:36:16Z<p>Britbong64: /* Federal coalitions */</p>
<hr />
<div>Flags<br />
<gallery><br />
Ahnemunde Confederation flag.png|Rudolphine Confederation Banner<br />
Flag of Werania.png|Flag of the Weranian Confederation<br />
Royal standard Werania.jpg|Standard of the federal presidency <br />
Flag of the Weranian Republic.png|Flag of the Republic<br />
Weranic republican flag ensign.png|Civilian naval ensign<br />
Weranic republican flag.png|Military naval ensign<br />
Werania army flag.png|Flag of the Reichwehr<br />
Weranian air force ensign.png|Flag of the airforce<br />
Weranian raterepublik flag.png|Flag used during the Easter Revolution<br />
</gallery><br />
Emblems<br />
<gallery><br />
Werania Coat of Arms.png|Greater coat of arms<br />
Werania Coat of Arms mid.png|Coat of arms<br />
Werania coat of arms (Lesser).png|Lesser coat of arms<br />
Weranic republic emblem.png|Greater republican emblem<br />
Weranic republic emblem (1).png|Lesser republican emblem<br />
Werania army symbol.png|Emblem of the army<br />
Weranian naval symbol.png|Emblem of the navy<br />
Weranian air force symbol.png|Emblem of the airforce<br />
</gallery><br />
<gallery><br />
MRSZ flag.png|Armed Forces flag<br />
MRW logo.png|Land Force emblem<br />
MRSP symbol.png|Air Force emblem<br />
</gallery><br />
==Provincial data==<br />
:'''National parties'''<br />
{{Composition bar|303|1067|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
{{Composition bar|300|1067|hex=#800080}}<br />
{{Composition bar|183|1067|hex=#258B4C}} <br />
{{Composition bar|82|1067|hex=#F0001C}} <br />
{{Composition bar|35|1067|hex=#116468}} <br />
{{Composition bar|28|1067|hex=#CB3036}} <br />
===Cislania===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $707,368,664,117; {{wp|Switzerland}}}<br />
*GDPpc - $48,888; {{wp|Finland}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 28.72%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Cislania 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Bartholomäus Stobrawa]] (NKP)<br />
|image2=Markus Söder MSC 2019 (cropped).jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - NKP single party with DA/AVP parliamentary support. <br />
*Current term - May 2022 - May 2026<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 10 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 4 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 20 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 67 seats}} {{legend|#ADCFEF|AVP: 11 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 82 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 8 seats}}<br />
===Ruttland===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $399,130,274,907; {{Wp|Norway}} <br />
*GDPpc - $36,981; {{wp|United Arab Emirates}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 16.21%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=2021-2025 Ruttland.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2016-2020 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-Chairman [[Žygimantas Navikas]] (NNK)<br />
|image2=Flickr - Saeima - 9.Saeimas deputāts Raimonds Vējonis.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - NNK majority. <br />
*Current term - January 2021- January 2025<br />
{{legend|#CE2029|RSDT: 7 seats}} {{legend|#258B4C|Greens: 9 seats}} {{legend|#ED1651|SDRP-DS: 12 seats}} {{legend|#F2D200|NNK: 70 seats}} {{legend|#04428B|SDT: 16 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 11 seats}}<br />
===Roetenberg===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $356,707,114,470; {{wp|Philippines}}}<br />
*GDPpc - $40,635; {{wp|Japan}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 14.48%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Roetenberg 2021-2025.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2021-2025 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Dietrich Scheel]] (NKP)<br />
|image2=Reinhold Mitterlehner 2016.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - NKP/PMZ coalition. <br />
*Current term - January 2021- January 2025<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 8 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 4 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 30 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 24 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 51 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 4 seats}}<br />
===Wolfsfled===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $288,365,574,910; {{wp|Pakistan}}<br />
*GDPpc - $38,215; {{wp|United Arab Emirates}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 9.07%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Wolfsfled 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Willi Liebermann]] (EO)<br />
|image2=Heiko Maas 2018.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - EO-Green coalition<br />
*Current term - May 2022 - May 2026<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 8 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 1 seat}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 16 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 38 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 34 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 5 seats}}<br />
===Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $243,340,840,512; {{wp|Romania}}<br />
*GDPpc - $36,432; {{wp|United Arab Emirates}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 9.88%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=2021-2025 Bonnlitz-Ostbrucken.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2021-2025 legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Kristina Lötzsch]] (SRPO)<br />
|image2=Nationalpark Hunsrück-Hochwald, Eröffnungsveranstaltung (7872).JPG<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - SRPO-Green-OSAI coalition<br />
*Current term - January 2021- January 2025<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 10 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 6 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 27 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 29 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 30 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 3 seats}}<br />
===Prizen===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $158,904,236,816; {{wp|Ukraine}}<br />
*GDPpc - $38,504; {{wp|United Arab Emirates}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 6.45%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Prizen 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Karl Ehrenstein]] (EO)<br />
|image2=2019-05-26 Wahlabend Bremen by Sandro Halank–063.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - EO minority government <br />
*Current term - May 2022 - May 2026<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 10 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 3 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 15 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 45 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 34 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 6 seats}}<br />
<br />
===Elbenweis===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $154,759,549,656; {{wp|Ukraine}}<br />
*GDPpc - $47,679; {{Wp|San Marino}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 6.28%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Elbenweis 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Valentina Rösch]] (Greens)<br />
|image2=Katrin Goring-Eckardt MdB (cropped).jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - Green-EO coalition<br />
*Current term - May 2018 - May 2022<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 7 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 2 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 27 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 26 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 27 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 6 seats}}<br />
===Wittislich===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $68,959,499,160; {{wp|Panama}}<br />
*GDPpc - $46,264; {{Wp|Canada}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 2.8%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Wittislich 2021-2025.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1= 2021-2025 legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President Eckart Steinback (NKP)<br />
|image2=Arno Kompatscher 2015 crop.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - NKP majority<br />
*Current term - January 2021- January 2025<br />
{{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 1 seat}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 4 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 7 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 22 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 1 seat}}<br />
===Westbrücken===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $69,505,033,392; {{wp|Luxembourg}}<br />
*GDPpc - $64,602; {{wp|Singapore}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 2.82%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Westbrucken 2021-2025.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1= 2021-2025 legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Lord Mayor [[Ursula Böhmer]] (Greens)<br />
|image2=Maischberger - 2019-02-27-5664.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - SAPO-Greens-OSAI coalition<br />
*Current term - January 2021- January 2025<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 15 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 6 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 25 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 27 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 8 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 2 seats}}<br />
===Kolreuth===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $14,033,088,400; {{wp|Namibia}}<br />
*GDPpc - $55,100; {{wp|Australia}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 0.57%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Kolreuth 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Lord Mayor [[Bouthaina Ghalzaleh]] (SPRO)<br />
|image2=Wikimedia meeting with State Secretary Muna Duzdar - Vienna - May 2017 (2).jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - EO majority<br />
*Current term - May 2018 - May 2022<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 7 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 2 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 10 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 25 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 4 seats}} <br />
===Charlotte Island===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $1,438,638,680; {{wp|Solomon Islands}}<br />
*GDPpc - $14,584; {{Wp|Poland}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 0.06%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Charlotte Island 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President Matthias Iha (VP/AP) outgoing<br />
|image2=Governor David Ige.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - TBA<br />
*Current term - May 2022 - May 2026<br />
{{legend|#10880D|TFS: 5 seats}} {{legend|#FFE900|VFT: 8 seats}} {{legend|#26C4EC|VFA: 10 seats}}<br />
<br />
==Federal coalitions==<br />
*1980-1983 - Social Democratic Radical Party, Weranian Section of the Workers' International coalition<br />
*1983-1987 - Social Democratic Radical Party majority<br />
*1987-1991 - National Consolidation Party, Centre Party coalition<br />
*1991-1995 - Social Democratic Radical Party majority<br />
*1991-1995 - Social Democratic Radical Party majority<br />
*1999-2003 - Social Democratic Radical Party, Weranian Section of the Workers' International coalition<br />
*2003-2007 - National Consolidation Party, Centre Party coalition<br />
*2007-2011 - National Consolidation Party, Democratic Homeland<br />
*2011-2015 - Social Democratic Radical Party, Centre Party coalition<br />
*2015-2019 - Social Democratic Radical Party, Centre Party coalition<br />
*2019-2023 - National Consolidation Party, Democratic Alternative coalition<br />
*2023-2027 - National Consolidation Party majority<br />
<br />
==Decolonisation==<br />
[[File:Decolonisation plan.png|thumb|250px|Dark red - Category A. Pink - Category B. Light pink - Category C.]]<br />
1951 federation plan - proposed by the Colonies Minister Elmar Hattendorf and so became known as the Hattendorf plan. The plan aimed to divide the empire into three categories who would have different paths to self-determination. <br />
*Category A colonies were to be integrated into the metropole through the slow expansion of political rights with the intention of eventually becoming equal federal units. The integration of these territories was expected to last for 20-30 years. <br />
*Category B colonies were to hold referendums where they would either vote to be integrated albeit on a longer time scale like Category A colonies or enter a privileged partnership with Werania being governed as {{Wp|associated states}}. <br />
*Category C colonies were mandates believed by the Weranian government to be temporary and so were to have referendums where they would either endorse an extension of the mandate or enter negotiations for independence.<br />
The Hattendorf plan was a failure with there being widespread riots following its announcement, leading to the Weranian government to scrap it.<br />
<br />
==Misc==<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Aldmany<br />
| native_name = Aldeland<br />
| other_name =<br />
| settlement_type = Historical region<br />
| image_skyline = File:Bygstad.jpg<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| image_flag = Flag of Aldman.png<br />
| image_shield = Coat of Arms of Aldmany (1).png<br />
| image_map = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{plainlist|<br />
* {{flag|Estmere}}<br />
* {{flag|Werania}}}}<br />
| established_title = Aldmany<br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder =<br />
| seat_type = Largest cities<br />
| seat = {{plainlist|<br />
* <br />
* }}<br />
| population_demonym = {{plainlist|<br />
* Aldmand }}<br />
| timezone1 =<br />
| utc_offset1 = <br />
| timezone1_DST =<br />
| utc_offset1_DST =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{wp|Dienstmann}} - '''Die'''ns'''t'''''s'''''m'''an. Originally a derogatory term comparing settlers to serfs, it became a term of pride and affection for the settlers. The majority settled on the coast.<br />
Volkstag -> House of Deputies (Abgeordnetenhaus)<br><br />
Herrstag -> House of Councillors (Ratsmitgliederhaus)<br><br />
*Herrenhaus -> House of Lords (former upper house)<br />
'''Trade unions'''<br />
*Weranian Federation of Workers' (Ostischer Arbeitsverband; OAV) - Council communist, syndicalist (historical)<br />
*Confederation of Catholic Trade Unions (Bund Katholischer Gewerkschaften; BKG) - Christian left<br />
*Weranian Federation of Workers'-Workers' Democracy (Ostischer Arbeitsverband - Arbeiterdemokratie; OAV-AD) - Social democratic<br />
<br />
*1883 general strike<br />
*1891 general strike<br />
*1919 general strike<br />
*1950 general strike<br />
*1972 general strike<br />
*2009 public sector strike<br />
'''Uniforms'''<br />
*Revolutionary Army - Napoleonic Austrian<br />
*1842-1930's - k.u.k. Armee (Common Army + Austrian Landwehr)<br />
*1930's-1950's - Reichwehr/Wehrmacht<br />
*1950's-present - Bundeswehr<br />
<br />
*1842-1891 - limited suffrage - {{wp|Single non-transferable vote}}<br />
*1891-1911 - universal male suffrage - {{wp|plural voting}} - {{wp|block voting}}/{{wp|Single non-transferable vote}}<br />
*1911-1935 - universal male suffrage - {{wp|Single non-transferable vote}}<br />
*1935-1960 - universal suffrage - {{wp|party-list proportional representation}}<br />
*1960-present - universal suffrage - {{wp|parallel voting}}<br />
<br />
==Republic==<br />
{{Multiple image<br />
|header = Leading members of the First Republic (and factions)<br />
|perrow = 3<br />
|total_width = 400<br />
|image1 = Wolfgang-amadeus-mozart 1.jpg<br />
|caption1 = [[Franz Xaver Dobrizhoffer]] (Der Kreis). Ran the judiciary and interior ministries during the purge, but decline in influence thereafter. Executed.<br />
|image2 = Gerhard von Kügelgen 001.jpg<br />
|caption2 = [[Sigmund Auerswald]] (Der Kreis). Propagandist and strong supporter of the purge. Died of cholera.<br />
|image3 = Henri Lehmann - Portrait d'Alexander von Humboldt (vers 1835).jpg<br />
|caption3 = [[Joachim Hochheim]] (Opportunisten). Took control of the judiciary. Fled to Asteria.<br />
|image4 = Georg Forster-larger.jpg<br />
|caption4 = [[Julius Fischart]] (Kohlhausist). Took control of religious affairs. Executed during the purge.<br />
|image5 = Archdukecharles1.jpg<br />
|caption5 = [[Balthasar Hötzendorf]] (Der Kreis/Die Obersten). Main military commander. Executed. <br />
|image6 = Karl Philipp Schwarzemberg - Google Art Project.jpg<br />
|caption6 = [[Otto Schönbaum]] (Der Kreis/Die Obersten). Another senoir military figure. Executed. <br />
|image7 = Porträt des Freiherrn Karl vom und zum Stein als preußischer Minister.jpg<br />
|caption7 = [[Ignaz Bartuska]] (Opportunisten). The dominant figure in foreign politics. Imprisoned but later pardoned. <br />
|image8 = Frédéric-César de La Harpe by Pajou.jpg<br />
|caption8 = [[Anton von Kléber]] (Conventionist). A legal expert who ended the purge. Pardoned. <br />
|image9 = Maximilian von Montgelas (1806).jpg<br />
|caption9 = [[Ludwig von Kirchschläger]] (Conventionist). A diplomat. Eventually facilitated the end of the republic being pardoned.<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox political party<br />
|name=Brotherhood for the Rights of Man<br />
|native_name=Bruderschaft für die Rechte des Menschen<br />
|colorcode=#E34234<br />
|logo=[[File:Brotherhood symbol.png|150px]]<br />
|leader1_title=Leaders<br />
|leader1_name={{•}}[[Franz Xaver Dobrizhoffer]]<br />{{•}}[[Sigmund Auerswald]]<br />{{•}}[[Joachim Hochheim]]<br />{{•}}[[Otto Schönbaum]]<br />
|foundation={{start date and age|df=y|1784}}<br />
|dissolution={{end date and age|df=y|1801}}<br />
|headquarters=Hochgäu Palace, Westbrücken <br />
|newspaper={{•}}''Appell des Volkes''<br />{{•}}''Stimme für Rechte''<br />
|wing1_title=Factions<br />
|wing1= Kreisists<br>Opportunisten<br />
|ideology=[[Cult of Reason]]<br>{{wp|Republicanism}}<br />{{Wp|Radicalism (historical)|Radicalism}}<br>{{Wp|Dirigisme}}<br>{{Wp|Anticlericalism}}<br />
|position= {{wp|Left-wing}} to {{wp|far-left}}<br />
|colors={{color box|#E34234|border=darkgray}} Red<br />
|country=Werania<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox political party<br />
|name=Society of Friends of the People<br />
|native_name=Gesellschaft der Freunde des Volkes<br />
|colorcode=#48A5EE<br />
|logo=Rinderist flag.jpg<br />
|leader1_title=Leaders<br />
|leader1_name=tba<br />
|foundation={{start date and age|df=y|1784}}<br />
|dissolution={{end date and age|df=y|1786}}<br />
|headquarters=Rinder Estate, Westbrücken <br />
|newspaper=Volksherold<br />
|wing1_title=<br />
|wing1= <br />
|ideology={{Wp|Constitutional monarchy|Constitutional monarchism}}<br>{{wp|Whiggism|Parliamentarianism}}<br>{{Wp|Classical liberalism}}<br />
|position= {{wp|Centre right}}<br />
|colors={{color box|#48A5EE|border=darkgray}} Blue<br />
|country=Werania<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox political party<br />
|name=Supporters of the Assembly<br />
|native_name=Unterstützer der Versammlung<br />
|colorcode=#DDDDDD<br />
|logo=National Cockade of Latvia.svg<br />
|leader1_title=Leaders<br />
|leader1_name=Ludwig von Kirchschläger<br />
|foundation={{start date and age|df=y|1784}}<br />
|dissolution={{end date and age|df=y|1801}}<br />
|headquarters=Westbrücken <br />
|newspaper=<br />
|wing1_title=<br />
|wing1= <br />
|ideology={{Wp|Republicanism}}<br>{{wp|Syncretic politics|Political syncretism}}<br>{{Wp|Technocracy}}<hr>'''Factions'''<br>{{Wp|Radicalism (historical)|Radicalism}}<br>{{wp|Classical liberalism}}<br />
|position= {{wp|Centrism|Centre}}<br />
|colors={{color box|#DDDDDD|border=darkgray}} Grey<br />
|country=Werania<br />
}}<br />
<br />
1786-1790: Radical period<br><br />
1790-1792: Opportunist period<br><br />
1792-1801: Milotary period <br><br />
Political factions of the Weranian revolution:<br />
*Kohlhausists - the most radical faction named after their meeting place the Kohlhaus. Led by Julius Fischart they supported an especially violent form of anticlericalism becoming notorious for their support of revolutionary terror. They opposed the Kreisists and the Cult of Rationalism. They were purged in 1787 by the Kreisists. <br />
*Brotherhood of the Rights of Man - the main republican faction of the revolution. Taking power in 1785 following the March of the 100, the Brotherhood dominated governance until the rise of Hötzendorf in 1791. <br />
**[[The Circle]] (Der Kreis) - its members were known as Kreisists (Circlists) and it was the most prominent faction within the Brotherhood. Grouped around Franz Xaver Dobrizhoffer and Sigmund Auerswald it began the revolutionary violence following the declaration of the republic. They dominated the governance of Werania until 1789 when their leader Dobrizhoffer was ousted; the faction remained prominent under Otto Schönbaum however with their opponents, the Opportunisten, never able to fully purge them. They supported the Cult of Rationalism and were sometimes called the Rationalists. <br />
***Die Obersten (The Colonels) - a group of Kreisists predominantly within the military grouped around Balthasar Hötzendorf that gained power as military matters dominated the republic. They were similar to the mainline Kreisists but were considered to be more militaristic and technocratic in character. <br />
**Opportunisten (Opportunists) - members of the moderate tendency of the Brotherhood, they were derisively named opportunists after their leader Joachim Hochheim ousted Dobrizhoffer in 1789. They were generally mistrusted by the radical left and the moderate right. <br />
*Conventionists - the Conventionists represented the centrist tendency of the National Convention. They spanned a wide range of republicans and constitutional monarchists but were generally in favour of representative government. The Conventionists became unable to prevent revolutionary and reactionary violence and split between the Opportunisten who joined the Brotherhood and those that were purged for being affiliated with the Rinderists. <br />
*Rinderists - officially the Society of Friends of the People, the Rinderists were the centre-right faction with the National Diet who generally supported the preservation of the monarchy under a constitutional regime. The March of the 100 discredited the monarchy and the Rinderists were purged in 1786. Essentially whigs.<br />
*Reaktionäre - the supporters of an absolutist system, the reactionaries were the far-right of the political spectrum and were purged in 1786. Essentially tories.<br />
{{Infobox former country<br />
|native_name = Ostische Syndikalverband<br />
|conventional_long_name = Weranian Syndical Federation<br />
|common_name = Werania<br />
|continent = [[Euclea]]<br />
|region = <br />
|country = Werania<br />
|era = <br />
|status =<br />
|status_text = <br />
|empire = <br />
|government_type = {{wp|Federation|Federal}} {{wp|One-party state|single party}} {{wp|National syndicalism|national syndicalist}} {{wp|Totalitarianism|totalitarian dictatorship}}<br />
|legislature = [[Syndikatskammer]]<br />
|year_start = 1941<br />
|year_end = 1950<br />
|<br />
|event_start = [[Ides of June]]<br />
|date_start = 17<sup>th</sup> June<br />
|event_end = Velvet Revolution<br />
|date_end = 14<sup>th</sup> May<br />
|<br />
|event1 = [[Valduvian-Weranian War]]<br />
|date_event1 = 17<sup>th</sup> December 1949 - 30<sup>th</sup> May 1950<br />
|event2 = <br />
|date_event2 = <br />
|event3 = <br />
|date_event3 = <br />
|<br />
|event_pre = <!--- Optional: A crucial event that took place before before "event_start"---><br />
|date_pre = <br />
|event_post = <!--- Optional: A crucial event that took place before after "event_end"---><br />
|date_post = <br />
|<br />
|<!--- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 ---><br />
|p1 = Werania<br />
|flag_p1 = Flag of Werania.png<br />
|image_p1 = <br />
|p2 = <br />
|flag_p2 =<br />
|image_p2 = <br />
|s1 = Werania<br />
|flag_s1 = Flag of Werania.png<br />
|image_s1 = <br />
|image_flag = OSU Flag.png<br />
|flag = <br />
|flag_type = Flag<br />
|<br />
|image_coat = Coaemblwm.png<br />
|symbol = <br />
|symbol_type = Emblem<br />
|<br />
|image_map = Werania post WTA.png<br />
|image_map_caption =<br />
|<br />
|capital = [[Westbrücken]]<br />
|<br />
|national_motto = <br />
|national_anthem = <br />
|common_languages = {{wp|German language|Weranian}}<br />
|religion = <br />
|currency = Mark<br />
|leader1 = [[Dietrich zu Kolbenheyer]]<br />
|year_leader1 = 1941-1942<br />
|leader2 = [[Siegfried Höcker]]<br />
|year_leader2 = 1942-1950<br />
|leader3 = [[Franz Rössler]]<br />
|year_leader3 = 1950<br />
|title_leader = Supreme Leader <br />
|stat_year1 = <br />
|stat_area1 = <br />
|stat_pop1 = <br />
|stat_year2 = <br />
|stat_area2 = <br />
|stat_pop2 = <br />
|today = {{flag|Werania}}<br>{{flag|Valduvia}}<br />
}}</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:RNP_logo.png&diff=770511File:RNP logo.png2024-02-23T02:01:59Z<p>Britbong64: Britbong64 uploaded a new version of File:RNP logo.png</p>
<hr />
<div></div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Britbong64/Sandbox_3&diff=770348User:Britbong64/Sandbox 32024-02-22T19:43:06Z<p>Britbong64: /* Federal coalitions */</p>
<hr />
<div>Flags<br />
<gallery><br />
Ahnemunde Confederation flag.png|Rudolphine Confederation Banner<br />
Flag of Werania.png|Flag of the Weranian Confederation<br />
Royal standard Werania.jpg|Standard of the federal presidency <br />
Flag of the Weranian Republic.png|Flag of the Republic<br />
Weranic republican flag ensign.png|Civilian naval ensign<br />
Weranic republican flag.png|Military naval ensign<br />
Werania army flag.png|Flag of the Reichwehr<br />
Weranian air force ensign.png|Flag of the airforce<br />
Weranian raterepublik flag.png|Flag used during the Easter Revolution<br />
</gallery><br />
Emblems<br />
<gallery><br />
Werania Coat of Arms.png|Greater coat of arms<br />
Werania Coat of Arms mid.png|Coat of arms<br />
Werania coat of arms (Lesser).png|Lesser coat of arms<br />
Weranic republic emblem.png|Greater republican emblem<br />
Weranic republic emblem (1).png|Lesser republican emblem<br />
Werania army symbol.png|Emblem of the army<br />
Weranian naval symbol.png|Emblem of the navy<br />
Weranian air force symbol.png|Emblem of the airforce<br />
</gallery><br />
<gallery><br />
MRSZ flag.png|Armed Forces flag<br />
MRW logo.png|Land Force emblem<br />
MRSP symbol.png|Air Force emblem<br />
</gallery><br />
==Provincial data==<br />
:'''National parties'''<br />
{{Composition bar|303|1067|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
{{Composition bar|300|1067|hex=#800080}}<br />
{{Composition bar|183|1067|hex=#258B4C}} <br />
{{Composition bar|82|1067|hex=#F0001C}} <br />
{{Composition bar|35|1067|hex=#116468}} <br />
{{Composition bar|28|1067|hex=#CB3036}} <br />
===Cislania===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $707,368,664,117; {{wp|Switzerland}}}<br />
*GDPpc - $48,888; {{wp|Finland}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 28.72%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Cislania 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Bartholomäus Stobrawa]] (NKP)<br />
|image2=Markus Söder MSC 2019 (cropped).jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - NKP single party with DA/AVP parliamentary support. <br />
*Current term - May 2022 - May 2026<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 10 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 4 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 20 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 67 seats}} {{legend|#ADCFEF|AVP: 11 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 82 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 8 seats}}<br />
===Ruttland===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $399,130,274,907; {{Wp|Norway}} <br />
*GDPpc - $36,981; {{wp|United Arab Emirates}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 16.21%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=2021-2025 Ruttland.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2016-2020 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-Chairman [[Žygimantas Navikas]] (NNK)<br />
|image2=Flickr - Saeima - 9.Saeimas deputāts Raimonds Vējonis.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - NNK majority. <br />
*Current term - January 2021- January 2025<br />
{{legend|#CE2029|RSDT: 7 seats}} {{legend|#258B4C|Greens: 9 seats}} {{legend|#ED1651|SDRP-DS: 12 seats}} {{legend|#F2D200|NNK: 70 seats}} {{legend|#04428B|SDT: 16 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 11 seats}}<br />
===Roetenberg===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $356,707,114,470; {{wp|Philippines}}}<br />
*GDPpc - $40,635; {{wp|Japan}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 14.48%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Roetenberg 2021-2025.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2021-2025 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Dietrich Scheel]] (NKP)<br />
|image2=Reinhold Mitterlehner 2016.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - NKP/PMZ coalition. <br />
*Current term - January 2021- January 2025<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 8 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 4 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 30 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 24 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 51 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 4 seats}}<br />
===Wolfsfled===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $288,365,574,910; {{wp|Pakistan}}<br />
*GDPpc - $38,215; {{wp|United Arab Emirates}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 9.07%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Wolfsfled 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Willi Liebermann]] (EO)<br />
|image2=Heiko Maas 2018.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - EO-Green coalition<br />
*Current term - May 2022 - May 2026<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 8 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 1 seat}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 16 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 38 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 34 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 5 seats}}<br />
===Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $243,340,840,512; {{wp|Romania}}<br />
*GDPpc - $36,432; {{wp|United Arab Emirates}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 9.88%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=2021-2025 Bonnlitz-Ostbrucken.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2021-2025 legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Kristina Lötzsch]] (SRPO)<br />
|image2=Nationalpark Hunsrück-Hochwald, Eröffnungsveranstaltung (7872).JPG<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - SRPO-Green-OSAI coalition<br />
*Current term - January 2021- January 2025<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 10 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 6 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 27 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 29 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 30 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 3 seats}}<br />
===Prizen===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $158,904,236,816; {{wp|Ukraine}}<br />
*GDPpc - $38,504; {{wp|United Arab Emirates}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 6.45%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Prizen 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Karl Ehrenstein]] (EO)<br />
|image2=2019-05-26 Wahlabend Bremen by Sandro Halank–063.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - EO minority government <br />
*Current term - May 2022 - May 2026<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 10 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 3 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 15 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 45 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 34 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 6 seats}}<br />
<br />
===Elbenweis===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $154,759,549,656; {{wp|Ukraine}}<br />
*GDPpc - $47,679; {{Wp|San Marino}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 6.28%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Elbenweis 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Valentina Rösch]] (Greens)<br />
|image2=Katrin Goring-Eckardt MdB (cropped).jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - Green-EO coalition<br />
*Current term - May 2018 - May 2022<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 7 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 2 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 27 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 26 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 27 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 6 seats}}<br />
===Wittislich===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $68,959,499,160; {{wp|Panama}}<br />
*GDPpc - $46,264; {{Wp|Canada}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 2.8%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Wittislich 2021-2025.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1= 2021-2025 legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President Eckart Steinback (NKP)<br />
|image2=Arno Kompatscher 2015 crop.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - NKP majority<br />
*Current term - January 2021- January 2025<br />
{{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 1 seat}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 4 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 7 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 22 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 1 seat}}<br />
===Westbrücken===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $69,505,033,392; {{wp|Luxembourg}}<br />
*GDPpc - $64,602; {{wp|Singapore}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 2.82%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Westbrucken 2021-2025.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1= 2021-2025 legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Lord Mayor [[Ursula Böhmer]] (Greens)<br />
|image2=Maischberger - 2019-02-27-5664.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - SAPO-Greens-OSAI coalition<br />
*Current term - January 2021- January 2025<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 15 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 6 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 25 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 27 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 8 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 2 seats}}<br />
===Kolreuth===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $14,033,088,400; {{wp|Namibia}}<br />
*GDPpc - $55,100; {{wp|Australia}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 0.57%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Kolreuth 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Lord Mayor [[Bouthaina Ghalzaleh]] (SPRO)<br />
|image2=Wikimedia meeting with State Secretary Muna Duzdar - Vienna - May 2017 (2).jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - EO majority<br />
*Current term - May 2018 - May 2022<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 7 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 2 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 10 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 25 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 4 seats}} <br />
===Charlotte Island===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $1,438,638,680; {{wp|Solomon Islands}}<br />
*GDPpc - $14,584; {{Wp|Poland}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 0.06%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Charlotte Island 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President Matthias Iha (VP/AP) outgoing<br />
|image2=Governor David Ige.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - TBA<br />
*Current term - May 2022 - May 2026<br />
{{legend|#10880D|TFS: 5 seats}} {{legend|#FFE900|VFT: 8 seats}} {{legend|#26C4EC|VFA: 10 seats}}<br />
<br />
==Federal coalitions==<br />
*1980-1983 - Social Democratic Radical Party, Weranian Section of the Workers' International coalition<br />
*1983-1987 - Social Democratic Radical Party majority<br />
*1987-1991 - National Consolidation Party, Centre party coalition<br />
*1991-1995 - Social Democratic Radical Party majority<br />
*1991-1995 - Social Democratic Radical Party majority<br />
*1999-2003 - Social Democratic Radical Party, Weranian Section of the Workers' International coalition<br />
*2003-2007 - National Consolidation Party majority<br />
*2007-2011 - National Consolidation Party majority<br />
*2011-2015 - Social Democratic Radical Party, Modern Centre Party coalition<br />
*2015-2019 - Social Democratic Radical Party, Modern Centre Party coalition<br />
*2019-2023 - National Consolidation Party, Democratic Alternative coalition<br />
*2023-2027 - National Consolidation Party majority<br />
<br />
==Decolonisation==<br />
[[File:Decolonisation plan.png|thumb|250px|Dark red - Category A. Pink - Category B. Light pink - Category C.]]<br />
1951 federation plan - proposed by the Colonies Minister Elmar Hattendorf and so became known as the Hattendorf plan. The plan aimed to divide the empire into three categories who would have different paths to self-determination. <br />
*Category A colonies were to be integrated into the metropole through the slow expansion of political rights with the intention of eventually becoming equal federal units. The integration of these territories was expected to last for 20-30 years. <br />
*Category B colonies were to hold referendums where they would either vote to be integrated albeit on a longer time scale like Category A colonies or enter a privileged partnership with Werania being governed as {{Wp|associated states}}. <br />
*Category C colonies were mandates believed by the Weranian government to be temporary and so were to have referendums where they would either endorse an extension of the mandate or enter negotiations for independence.<br />
The Hattendorf plan was a failure with there being widespread riots following its announcement, leading to the Weranian government to scrap it.<br />
<br />
==Misc==<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Aldmany<br />
| native_name = Aldeland<br />
| other_name =<br />
| settlement_type = Historical region<br />
| image_skyline = File:Bygstad.jpg<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| image_flag = Flag of Aldman.png<br />
| image_shield = Coat of Arms of Aldmany (1).png<br />
| image_map = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{plainlist|<br />
* {{flag|Estmere}}<br />
* {{flag|Werania}}}}<br />
| established_title = Aldmany<br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder =<br />
| seat_type = Largest cities<br />
| seat = {{plainlist|<br />
* <br />
* }}<br />
| population_demonym = {{plainlist|<br />
* Aldmand }}<br />
| timezone1 =<br />
| utc_offset1 = <br />
| timezone1_DST =<br />
| utc_offset1_DST =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{wp|Dienstmann}} - '''Die'''ns'''t'''''s'''''m'''an. Originally a derogatory term comparing settlers to serfs, it became a term of pride and affection for the settlers. The majority settled on the coast.<br />
Volkstag -> House of Deputies (Abgeordnetenhaus)<br><br />
Herrstag -> House of Councillors (Ratsmitgliederhaus)<br><br />
*Herrenhaus -> House of Lords (former upper house)<br />
'''Trade unions'''<br />
*Weranian Federation of Workers' (Ostischer Arbeitsverband; OAV) - Council communist, syndicalist (historical)<br />
*Confederation of Catholic Trade Unions (Bund Katholischer Gewerkschaften; BKG) - Christian left<br />
*Weranian Federation of Workers'-Workers' Democracy (Ostischer Arbeitsverband - Arbeiterdemokratie; OAV-AD) - Social democratic<br />
<br />
*1883 general strike<br />
*1891 general strike<br />
*1919 general strike<br />
*1950 general strike<br />
*1972 general strike<br />
*2009 public sector strike<br />
'''Uniforms'''<br />
*Revolutionary Army - Napoleonic Austrian<br />
*1842-1930's - k.u.k. Armee (Common Army + Austrian Landwehr)<br />
*1930's-1950's - Reichwehr/Wehrmacht<br />
*1950's-present - Bundeswehr<br />
<br />
*1842-1891 - limited suffrage - {{wp|Single non-transferable vote}}<br />
*1891-1911 - universal male suffrage - {{wp|plural voting}} - {{wp|block voting}}/{{wp|Single non-transferable vote}}<br />
*1911-1935 - universal male suffrage - {{wp|Single non-transferable vote}}<br />
*1935-1960 - universal suffrage - {{wp|party-list proportional representation}}<br />
*1960-present - universal suffrage - {{wp|parallel voting}}<br />
<br />
==Republic==<br />
{{Multiple image<br />
|header = Leading members of the First Republic (and factions)<br />
|perrow = 3<br />
|total_width = 400<br />
|image1 = Wolfgang-amadeus-mozart 1.jpg<br />
|caption1 = [[Franz Xaver Dobrizhoffer]] (Der Kreis). Ran the judiciary and interior ministries during the purge, but decline in influence thereafter. Executed.<br />
|image2 = Gerhard von Kügelgen 001.jpg<br />
|caption2 = [[Sigmund Auerswald]] (Der Kreis). Propagandist and strong supporter of the purge. Died of cholera.<br />
|image3 = Henri Lehmann - Portrait d'Alexander von Humboldt (vers 1835).jpg<br />
|caption3 = [[Joachim Hochheim]] (Opportunisten). Took control of the judiciary. Fled to Asteria.<br />
|image4 = Georg Forster-larger.jpg<br />
|caption4 = [[Julius Fischart]] (Kohlhausist). Took control of religious affairs. Executed during the purge.<br />
|image5 = Archdukecharles1.jpg<br />
|caption5 = [[Balthasar Hötzendorf]] (Der Kreis/Die Obersten). Main military commander. Executed. <br />
|image6 = Karl Philipp Schwarzemberg - Google Art Project.jpg<br />
|caption6 = [[Otto Schönbaum]] (Der Kreis/Die Obersten). Another senoir military figure. Executed. <br />
|image7 = Porträt des Freiherrn Karl vom und zum Stein als preußischer Minister.jpg<br />
|caption7 = [[Ignaz Bartuska]] (Opportunisten). The dominant figure in foreign politics. Imprisoned but later pardoned. <br />
|image8 = Frédéric-César de La Harpe by Pajou.jpg<br />
|caption8 = [[Anton von Kléber]] (Conventionist). A legal expert who ended the purge. Pardoned. <br />
|image9 = Maximilian von Montgelas (1806).jpg<br />
|caption9 = [[Ludwig von Kirchschläger]] (Conventionist). A diplomat. Eventually facilitated the end of the republic being pardoned.<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox political party<br />
|name=Brotherhood for the Rights of Man<br />
|native_name=Bruderschaft für die Rechte des Menschen<br />
|colorcode=#E34234<br />
|logo=[[File:Brotherhood symbol.png|150px]]<br />
|leader1_title=Leaders<br />
|leader1_name={{•}}[[Franz Xaver Dobrizhoffer]]<br />{{•}}[[Sigmund Auerswald]]<br />{{•}}[[Joachim Hochheim]]<br />{{•}}[[Otto Schönbaum]]<br />
|foundation={{start date and age|df=y|1784}}<br />
|dissolution={{end date and age|df=y|1801}}<br />
|headquarters=Hochgäu Palace, Westbrücken <br />
|newspaper={{•}}''Appell des Volkes''<br />{{•}}''Stimme für Rechte''<br />
|wing1_title=Factions<br />
|wing1= Kreisists<br>Opportunisten<br />
|ideology=[[Cult of Reason]]<br>{{wp|Republicanism}}<br />{{Wp|Radicalism (historical)|Radicalism}}<br>{{Wp|Dirigisme}}<br>{{Wp|Anticlericalism}}<br />
|position= {{wp|Left-wing}} to {{wp|far-left}}<br />
|colors={{color box|#E34234|border=darkgray}} Red<br />
|country=Werania<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox political party<br />
|name=Society of Friends of the People<br />
|native_name=Gesellschaft der Freunde des Volkes<br />
|colorcode=#48A5EE<br />
|logo=Rinderist flag.jpg<br />
|leader1_title=Leaders<br />
|leader1_name=tba<br />
|foundation={{start date and age|df=y|1784}}<br />
|dissolution={{end date and age|df=y|1786}}<br />
|headquarters=Rinder Estate, Westbrücken <br />
|newspaper=Volksherold<br />
|wing1_title=<br />
|wing1= <br />
|ideology={{Wp|Constitutional monarchy|Constitutional monarchism}}<br>{{wp|Whiggism|Parliamentarianism}}<br>{{Wp|Classical liberalism}}<br />
|position= {{wp|Centre right}}<br />
|colors={{color box|#48A5EE|border=darkgray}} Blue<br />
|country=Werania<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox political party<br />
|name=Supporters of the Assembly<br />
|native_name=Unterstützer der Versammlung<br />
|colorcode=#DDDDDD<br />
|logo=National Cockade of Latvia.svg<br />
|leader1_title=Leaders<br />
|leader1_name=Ludwig von Kirchschläger<br />
|foundation={{start date and age|df=y|1784}}<br />
|dissolution={{end date and age|df=y|1801}}<br />
|headquarters=Westbrücken <br />
|newspaper=<br />
|wing1_title=<br />
|wing1= <br />
|ideology={{Wp|Republicanism}}<br>{{wp|Syncretic politics|Political syncretism}}<br>{{Wp|Technocracy}}<hr>'''Factions'''<br>{{Wp|Radicalism (historical)|Radicalism}}<br>{{wp|Classical liberalism}}<br />
|position= {{wp|Centrism|Centre}}<br />
|colors={{color box|#DDDDDD|border=darkgray}} Grey<br />
|country=Werania<br />
}}<br />
<br />
1786-1790: Radical period<br><br />
1790-1792: Opportunist period<br><br />
1792-1801: Milotary period <br><br />
Political factions of the Weranian revolution:<br />
*Kohlhausists - the most radical faction named after their meeting place the Kohlhaus. Led by Julius Fischart they supported an especially violent form of anticlericalism becoming notorious for their support of revolutionary terror. They opposed the Kreisists and the Cult of Rationalism. They were purged in 1787 by the Kreisists. <br />
*Brotherhood of the Rights of Man - the main republican faction of the revolution. Taking power in 1785 following the March of the 100, the Brotherhood dominated governance until the rise of Hötzendorf in 1791. <br />
**[[The Circle]] (Der Kreis) - its members were known as Kreisists (Circlists) and it was the most prominent faction within the Brotherhood. Grouped around Franz Xaver Dobrizhoffer and Sigmund Auerswald it began the revolutionary violence following the declaration of the republic. They dominated the governance of Werania until 1789 when their leader Dobrizhoffer was ousted; the faction remained prominent under Otto Schönbaum however with their opponents, the Opportunisten, never able to fully purge them. They supported the Cult of Rationalism and were sometimes called the Rationalists. <br />
***Die Obersten (The Colonels) - a group of Kreisists predominantly within the military grouped around Balthasar Hötzendorf that gained power as military matters dominated the republic. They were similar to the mainline Kreisists but were considered to be more militaristic and technocratic in character. <br />
**Opportunisten (Opportunists) - members of the moderate tendency of the Brotherhood, they were derisively named opportunists after their leader Joachim Hochheim ousted Dobrizhoffer in 1789. They were generally mistrusted by the radical left and the moderate right. <br />
*Conventionists - the Conventionists represented the centrist tendency of the National Convention. They spanned a wide range of republicans and constitutional monarchists but were generally in favour of representative government. The Conventionists became unable to prevent revolutionary and reactionary violence and split between the Opportunisten who joined the Brotherhood and those that were purged for being affiliated with the Rinderists. <br />
*Rinderists - officially the Society of Friends of the People, the Rinderists were the centre-right faction with the National Diet who generally supported the preservation of the monarchy under a constitutional regime. The March of the 100 discredited the monarchy and the Rinderists were purged in 1786. Essentially whigs.<br />
*Reaktionäre - the supporters of an absolutist system, the reactionaries were the far-right of the political spectrum and were purged in 1786. Essentially tories.<br />
{{Infobox former country<br />
|native_name = Ostische Syndikalverband<br />
|conventional_long_name = Weranian Syndical Federation<br />
|common_name = Werania<br />
|continent = [[Euclea]]<br />
|region = <br />
|country = Werania<br />
|era = <br />
|status =<br />
|status_text = <br />
|empire = <br />
|government_type = {{wp|Federation|Federal}} {{wp|One-party state|single party}} {{wp|National syndicalism|national syndicalist}} {{wp|Totalitarianism|totalitarian dictatorship}}<br />
|legislature = [[Syndikatskammer]]<br />
|year_start = 1941<br />
|year_end = 1950<br />
|<br />
|event_start = [[Ides of June]]<br />
|date_start = 17<sup>th</sup> June<br />
|event_end = Velvet Revolution<br />
|date_end = 14<sup>th</sup> May<br />
|<br />
|event1 = [[Valduvian-Weranian War]]<br />
|date_event1 = 17<sup>th</sup> December 1949 - 30<sup>th</sup> May 1950<br />
|event2 = <br />
|date_event2 = <br />
|event3 = <br />
|date_event3 = <br />
|<br />
|event_pre = <!--- Optional: A crucial event that took place before before "event_start"---><br />
|date_pre = <br />
|event_post = <!--- Optional: A crucial event that took place before after "event_end"---><br />
|date_post = <br />
|<br />
|<!--- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 ---><br />
|p1 = Werania<br />
|flag_p1 = Flag of Werania.png<br />
|image_p1 = <br />
|p2 = <br />
|flag_p2 =<br />
|image_p2 = <br />
|s1 = Werania<br />
|flag_s1 = Flag of Werania.png<br />
|image_s1 = <br />
|image_flag = OSU Flag.png<br />
|flag = <br />
|flag_type = Flag<br />
|<br />
|image_coat = Coaemblwm.png<br />
|symbol = <br />
|symbol_type = Emblem<br />
|<br />
|image_map = Werania post WTA.png<br />
|image_map_caption =<br />
|<br />
|capital = [[Westbrücken]]<br />
|<br />
|national_motto = <br />
|national_anthem = <br />
|common_languages = {{wp|German language|Weranian}}<br />
|religion = <br />
|currency = Mark<br />
|leader1 = [[Dietrich zu Kolbenheyer]]<br />
|year_leader1 = 1941-1942<br />
|leader2 = [[Siegfried Höcker]]<br />
|year_leader2 = 1942-1950<br />
|leader3 = [[Franz Rössler]]<br />
|year_leader3 = 1950<br />
|title_leader = Supreme Leader <br />
|stat_year1 = <br />
|stat_area1 = <br />
|stat_pop1 = <br />
|stat_year2 = <br />
|stat_area2 = <br />
|stat_pop2 = <br />
|today = {{flag|Werania}}<br>{{flag|Valduvia}}<br />
}}</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Anton_Raicevich&diff=770331Anton Raicevich2024-02-22T19:18:54Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox officeholder<br />
|name = Anton Raicevich<br />
|image = Emmanuel Macron in 2019.jpg<br />
|alt = <br />
|caption =<br />
|office = [[List of premiers of Werania|45<sup>th</sup>]] [[Premier of Werania]]<br />
|term_start = 1 July 2022<br />
|monarch = [[Charlotte II of Werania|Charlotte II]]<br />
|deputy = [[Käthe Schickdanze]]<br>[[Andrea Däubler]]<br />
|predecessor = [[Otto von Hößlin]]<br />
|office1 = Leader of the National Consolidation Party<br />
|term_start1 = 30 June 2022<br />
|term_end1 = <br />
|deputy1 = [[Andrea Däubler]]<br />
|predecessor1 = [[Otto von Hößlin]]<br />
|office2 = Minister-President of [[Wittislich]]<br />
|term_start2 = 14 October 2016<br />
|term_end2 = 3 August 2021<br />
|predecessor2= Moritz Freundlich<br />
|successor2 = Eckart Steinback<br />
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1979|05|27|df=yes}}<br />
|birth_place = Wiesstadt, [[Cislania]], [[Werania]]<br />
|death_date = <br />
|death_place = <br />
|party = [[National Consolidation Party]]<br />
|spouse = Emmy Wackernagel<br />
|website = <br />
|alma_mater = Von Steinhaeuser University<br />
| footnotes = {{Collapsible list<br />
| titlestyle = background:#EEDD82;text-align:center;<br />
| title = Other offices held<br />
| bullets = on<br />
| 2021-2022: Minister of Defence<br />
| 2013-2021: Member of the Wittislich Landtag<br />
| 2013-2016: Wittislich Secretary of Finance <br />
| 200-2013: Leader of the New Generation Forum<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Anton Klemens Danilo Raicevich''' (born {{Birth date|1979|05|27|df=yes}}, aged 42) is a [[Werania|Weranian]] politician who is currently the [[Premier of Werania]] and the president of the [[National Consolidation Party]]. He formally served in the regional government of Wittislich first as secretary of the interior (2013-6) and subsequently as minister-president (2016-21). He was during his period as minister-president the youngest state leader in the country. Raicevich was Defence Minister from 2021-2022. <br />
<br />
Born into a family of [[Carinthia (Etruria)|Carinthian]] descent Raicevich worked in the private sector before being the leader of the [[National Consolidation Party]]'s youth branch, the New Generation Forum (NGF) in 2009. His tenure was controversial as the NGF became associated with the radical right. In 2013 he became a member of the Wittislich landtag becoming secretary of the interior. <br />
<br />
Following a corruption scandal the minister-president Moritz Freundlich resigned with Raicevich taking his place in 2016. Aligned with NKP president [[Otto von Hößlin]] and his deputy [[Jörg Bullmann]] Raicevich led the NKP to a victory in the 2017 state election in Wittislich. Under his tenure in Wittislich Raicevich promoted tough law and order policies combined with tax cuts. When he left office he had a high approval rating albeit left behind a large deficit. In 2021 Raicevich was appointed Minister of Defence following the resignation of [[Ulrich Furler]].<br />
<br />
Raicevich is considered to be closer to the {{wp|right-wing populism|populist}} and {{wp|nationalism|nationalist}} wing of the NKP. He ran in the [[2022 National Consolidation Party leadership election]] and won, succeeding von Hösslin in July 2022. He led the party to a majority government in the [[2023 Weranian federal election]]. <br />
==Early life and education==<br />
Anton Klemens Danilo Raicevich was born in Wiesstadt in the Blomberg district in 1979. His grandfather Danilo Rajčević (born in 1915) had emigrated from [[Carinthia (Etruria)|Carinthia]] in 1948 due to the devastation [[Etruria]] endured due to the [[Solarian War]] settling in [[Wiesstadt]]. His father Marjan (born in 1944) would {{wp|Germanisation|Weranicise}} the family name to Raicevich and his own name to Marius, marrying Lotte Siegen in 1967 after training as an economist lecturing at the University of Wiesstadt. Raicevich would be the third child of the father with his older brother Gerhardt being born in 1971 and his sister Alena in 1976. The family moved to Mechern in Wittislich in 1981 after Marius became a consultant for the Wittislich-based financial firm Rustow Trust leaving academia. <br />
<br />
Raicevich received a private education at the Ludwigheim Elementary School and the King Joachim Gymnasium, the latter of which was a religious school in the provincial capital Bürchaft. Raicevich was raised Catholic. <br />
<br />
In 1998 he passed his {{wp|abitur}} but failed to pass the entrance exam for the University of Wiesstadt. He instead studied Law and Political Studies at the Von Steinhaeuser University in [[Westbrücken]] passing a state exam in 2006. After passing the bar, Raicevich became a lawyer specializing in business and family law in Westbrücken. <br />
==Political career==<br />
===State politics===<br />
During his time at university Raicevich became a member of the New Generation Forum, the youth wing of the [[National Consolidation Party]]. After finishing his studies he became the chief of staff to [[Jörg Bullmann]], a member of [[Bundestag of Werania|Bundestag]] becoming close to a group within the NKP that advocated a more {{wp|right-wing}} position. <br />
====Minister-President====<br />
===Federal politics===<br />
===2022 NKP leadership election===<br />
==Premier==<br />
==Political views==<br />
===Economic policy===<br />
Raicevich has promoted reducing government spending and limiting {{wp|fiscal drag}} (''kalte progression'') through reducing income taxation. During his [[2022 National Consolidation Party leadership election|leadership campaign]] Raicevich called {{wp|deflation}} the "''biggest threat to the Weranian economy''" due to the previous social-democratic government enforcing a large tax burden and failing to stimulate growth. Raicevich has stated that the government should pursue an expansionary fiscal policy whilst ensuring inflation does not exceed the 2% target. He has stated that the unofficial ''{{wp|Debt brake (Germany)|schuldenbremse}}'' should not be used to limit growth on infrastructure and strategic projects.<br />
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Raicevich has also supported consolidating {{wp|national champions}} calling a ''laissez faire'' approach "''economic suicide''". Raicevich has called for the re-creation of the ''großkombinat'''s, large business conglomerates that were supported by state-intervention from the 1930s to the 1980s that resemble the vertically integrated ''{{wp|keiretu}}''s in [[Senria]]. Raicevich has stated that the {{wp|social market economy}} approach overemphasises regulating competition and supports accommodating {{wp|Natural monopoly|natural monopolies}} in certain contexts to limit potential {{wp|market failure}} from "''inefficient competition''". Some have commentated that Raicevich is inspired by {{wp|liberal corporatism}} supporting a deregulated free market whilst supporting capital-labour cooperation.<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
[[Category:Werania]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Otto_von_H%C3%B6%C3%9Flin&diff=770324Otto von Hößlin2024-02-22T19:07:40Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox officeholder<br />
|name = Otto von Hößlin<br />
|honorific-suffix = [[Bundestag of Werania|MdB]] <br />
|image = Horst Seehofer Senate of Poland 01.JPG<br />
|alt = <br />
|caption =<br />
|office = [[List of premiers of Werania|44<sup>th</sup>]] [[Premier of Werania]]<br />
|term_start = 28 June 2019<br />
|term_end = 1 July 2022 <br />
|monarch = [[Charlotte II of Werania|Charlotte II]]<br />
|deputy = [[Käthe Schickdanze]]<br />
|predecessor = [[Josef Felder]]<br />
|succeeding = <br />
|successor = [[Anton Raicevich]]<br />
|office2 = Leader of the [[National Consolidation Party]]<br />
|term_start2 = 3 March 2016<br />
|term_end2 = 30 June 2022<br />
|deputy2 = [[Jörg Bullmann]]<br />
|predecessor2= [[Günter Schaefer]]<br />
|successor2 = [[Anton Raicevich]]<br />
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1952|06|24|df=yes}}<br />
|birth_place = [[Malstadt]], [[Wolfsfled]], [[Werania]]<br />
|death_date = <br />
|death_place = <br />
|party = [[National Consolidation Party]]<br />
|spouse = Julia Neumark<br />
|website = <br />
|alma_mater = University of Malstadt<br />
| footnotes = {{Collapsible list<br />
| titlestyle = background:#EEDD82;text-align:center;<br />
| title = Other offices held<br />
| bullets = on<br />
| 1991-present: Member of the House of Deputies<br />
| 2003-2007: Minister of Economy and Industry <br />
| 2007-2009: Minister of Health Services<br />
| 2009-2011: Minister of Defence<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Otto Viktor Karl Alfred von Hößlin''' (born {{Birth date|1952|06|24|df=yes}}) is a [[Werania|Weranian]] politician who was the [[Premier of Werania]] from 2019 to 2022. The leader of the [[National Consolidation Party]] since 2016 von Hösslin previously served in several ministerial roles including in Economy and Industry (2003-2007) Health Services (2007-2009) and Defence (2009-2011). <br />
<br />
Prior to entering politics von Hösslin worked as a corporate lawyer representing Retenbank and ÖE Holdings (the state-owned oil company in Werania) before being elected to parliament at the 1991 general election for the NKP. In 2003 he entered the cabinet of [[Sotirian Lowenstein]] as the Minister of Economy and Industry. He served in the role until 2007 when he became Health Minister and in 2009 Defence Minister in the cabinet of [[Dietrich Wittmann]]. When the NKP lost government in 2011 von Hösslin ran for the NKP leadership representing the {{Wp|National conservatism|national conservative}} wing of the party but he was defeated by [[Günter Schaefer]] who represented the moderate, {{wp|neoliberalism|neoliberal}} wing. <br />
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In 2016 von Hösslin became NKP leader where he steered the party to the right, supporting more {{Wp|right-wing populism|right-wing populist}} policies. This led to a rise in support for the NKP which led to the NKP to become the largest party in the [[2019 Weranian general election|2019 election]]. He subsequently formed a government with the [[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]] party. The von Hösslin government implemented a program of economic liberalisation and privatisation, reforming social security and healthcare to be more market based, implementing stricter immigration policy and spearheading a more hawkish foreign policy. In 2022 von Hösslin was embroiled in the Hosokawa scandal that led to his popularity to decline culminating in von Hösslin announcing he would not run for re-election in the [[2022 National Consolidation Party leadership election]]. He was succeeded by [[Anton Raicevich]].<br />
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Von Hößlin is seen to be a national conservative in his party, supporting {{wp|economic nationalism}} and {{wp|social conservatism}}. <br />
==Early life==<br />
Otto von Hößlin was born on the 24 June, 1952 in the city of [[Malstadt]] in [[Wolfsfled]]. Von Hößlin was the second child and first son of Ludwig von Hößlin, a jurist who came from a minor noble family. His mother, Karin Berta von Neumann, came from the much more prominent von Neumann family with his great-grandfather Andreas von Neumann having served as the president of the House of Deputies during the 1890's. His family have been described as conservative and Catholic with a "provincial mindset". <br />
===Education===<br />
Von Hösslin was educated at the Saint Thomas Preparatory School, an all-boys private school located in rural Cislania, for his primary education. His secondary education was also at an all-boys private school, the Sternberger Gymnasium graduating with his {{wp|abitur}} in 1970. He attended the University of Malstadt studying a bachelors degree in law from 1970 onwards after passing the entrance exam that year. <br />
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Von Hösslin graduated from university in 1974 and worked as an apprentice (Rechtsanwaltsanwärter) for the Jungmann Law Firm based in Maldstadt from 1974-1977. After completing an apprenticeship and spending ten months working as a clerk in at a local court von Hösslin became eligible to take a law exam in 1978 which he passed, enabling him to be officially employed as a lawyer (Rechtsanwalt). <br />
===Business career===<br />
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F081261-0018, BMA, Ernennung Seehofers zum Staatssekretär.jpg|thumb|Von Hösslin with ÖE Holdings CEO Markus Stücklen in 1984.|250px]]<br />
Following his graduation as a lawyer von Hösslin worked in a corporate capacity for the Weranian banking group Rentenbank from 1978 to 1982. He left Rentenbank in 1982 to work for ÖE Holdings, the state owned oil corporation in Werania. <br />
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Whilst working for ÖE Holdings von Hösslin successfully defended the group against several lawsuits put forward by various groups that sought to legally oppose various oil projects set up across rural Werania. In a television interview in 1985 von Hösslin accused environmentalist groups in Werania of trying to seek attention rather then positively contribute to society. <br />
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In 1986 he was assigned to ÖE Holdings foreign division and worked variously in [[Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|Zorasan]], [[Asterian Federative Republic]] and [[Cassier]]. In 1991 he announced that he would be resigning from the company in order to run for a seat in the [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]] for the [[National Consolidation Party]].<br />
<br />
==Political career==<br />
Von Hösslin had joined the [[National Consolidation Party]] (NKP) in 1971 whilst still at university after seeing NKP minister and future premier [[Adolf Stahl]] speak at a political rally. He applied to become a candidate in the 1984 and 1987 elections in his native [[Gothberg]] but lost pre-selection each time. In 1991 as part of NKP leader [[Edmund Blaurock]]'s reforms greater emphasis on candidate selection was given to younger people in the private sector; von Hösslin was as such approved to run in a safe rural seat in Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken. At the 1991 election von Hösslin was one of the 58 new NKP House of Deputies members. <br />
<br />
Von Hösslin quickly aligned himself with members of the NKP who supported both {{wp|social conservatism}} and {{wp|economic liberalism}}. A member of the Sotirian Nation Caucus, a loose grouping of socially conservative NKP members, von Hösslin alongside several of his colleagues attempted unsuccessfully to have abstinence-only sex education imposed on a federal level in 1992. In 1993 he voted against extensions to both abortion access and LGBT+ rights to adoption, motions which both failed to pass the House of Deputies. In 1994 von Hösslin contributed to a policy document written by several NKP legislators which called for large scale tax cuts, curbs on trade union rights, an expansion of Werania's nuclear weapons arsenal and resistance to greater integration into the [[Euclean Community]]. <br />
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Von Hösslin was re-elected in the 1995 election which saw the NKP again defeated with party president Blaurock resigning. His successor, [[Rasa Šimonytė]], made von Hösslin spokesmen on economic strategy and industrial relations. During the 1995-1999 term von Hösslin promoted a series of pro-business policies, being crucial in the NKP's proposals for economic governance if they regained power. These proposals included tax reductions across incomes and corporations, eliminating the capital gains tax, privatising transport infrastructure and withdrawing state subsidies to {{Wp|cooperatives}} that had been supported under the incumbent [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|SRPO]] government. Von Hösslin also advocated restricting trade union rights including outlawing unions from engaging in political activity, allowing employers to sack and selectively redeploy workers if they chose, and sequestrating unions' assets if they broke industrial laws. He also stated that the NKP would consider implementing {{Wp|right to work law|anti-union security}} laws. Within the NKP von Hösslin was viewed as a relative moderate compared to others who supported more free-market policies. <br />
===Government===<br />
====Economy Minister====<br />
The NKP secured 40% of the vote in the 2003 election, allowing them to form a majority government in the House of Deputies. Von Hösslin was subsequently appointed as Minister of Economy and Industry where he was tasked with reducing the high unemployment rate in Werania, with the unemployment rate being 9%. Upon being appointed Minister von Hösslin stated that the government needed to implement "''tough measures''" to reduce unemployment and that reform to work laws was needed. <br />
[[File:Von Hösslin 1999.jpg|thumb|Von Hösslin in 1999.|250px|left]]<br />
In April 2004 von Hösslin with the support of premier Lowenstein introduced the Employment Law that aimed to reduce trade union powers - this included allowing employers greater leeway to hire and fire employees, banning {{wp|closed shop}}s and introducing harsher penalties to trade unions that broke the law. Von Hösslin claimed that the law would remove the "''blockage''" that had made Weranian labour uncompetitive abroad and allow for unemployment to be substantially reduced. The Employment Law was strongly supported by major business groups, media organisations and the governing coalition but met fierce trade union resistance. Strikes were held throughout the country from April through to June 2004 as the law was debated in the Bundestag, as the opposition SRPO and [[Weranian Section of the Workers' International]] sought to prevent its passing. <br />
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The Employment Law was passed on the 17 June 2004 with no amendments which was credited partially to the uncompromising attitude of von Hösslin forcing the legislation through. The passing of the law was later credited with reducing unemployment from 8% in 2003 to 6% in early 2005, although others pointed to a change in how unemployment is recorded. The Employment Law made von Hösslin one of the least popular ministers in the cabinet and it was predicted that he would be removed from the role throughout the reminder of 2004, although von Hösslin remained in office. <br />
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In the 2004 budget von Hösslin and Finance Minister Reinhold Metzinger successfully were able to reduce a large amount of taxes including corporation tax (reduced from 32% to 24%) capital gains (reduced from 30% to 15%) and the top band of income tax (reduced from 65% to 50%). Von Hösslin and Metzinger claimed that the tax reductions would enable greater economic growth and higher state revenue as capital will be moved from overseas back to Werania. The cut to capital gains tax led to a {{wp|real estate bubble}} which was seen by the government as a positive development, although such an outcome was later seen as a contributing factor to the 2005 Euclean financial crisis. <br />
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Despite his pro-business views, over his tenure von Hösslin was seen to lose support from the business community. The Statesman writer Volkhardt Osterhaus observed that "''after successfully passing the 2001 employment law and having been one of the key architects of the tax cuts in the 2000 budget, von Hösslin has been seen to lose enthusiasm in the government's economic reform agenda''" and that compared to Metzinger was not seen as a key proponent of further deregulation within the cabinet. Business leaders were said to be "''disappointed''" in von Hösslin after the Minister confirmed that he would not support the introduction of tribunal fees for employees making claims against employers which had been proposed by the NKP in 1999. <br />
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During the 2005 financial crisis von Hösslin was criticised by some for his stint as Economy Minister, with von Hösslin's tax cuts being pointed to as a contributor to the crisis. Von Hösslin however defended his conduct as Economy Minister and stated that the government had performed "''appropriately''" to the crisis.<br />
<br />
Amid speculation that he would lose his role in cabinet following the 2007 federal election von Hösslin was shuffled to the position of Minister of Health Services. The reshuffle was seen as a demotion as {{Wp|economic liberalism|economic liberals}} in the NKP demanded a more pro-deregulation Economy Minister replaced von Hösslin. <br />
====Health Minister====<br />
[[File:2017-01-20 Stoiber, Seehofer-6581.JPG|thumb|300px|Von Hösslin with Dietrich Wittmann.]]<br />
As Health Minister von Hösslin stated that his priorities would be to increase efficiency and reduce costs in the health sector. Under von Hösslin the government's previous policy of promoting {{wp|public–private partnership}}s in the sector was continued and expanded. Critics stated that these policies were an attempt of backdoor {{wp|privatisation}} but they were defended by the Health Services Ministry for improving services and reducing total expenditure. As in his last ministerial position von Hösslin was seen as having a "''low key style''" but that whilst such a style was unsuited to the Economy Ministry it was well-suited to the Health portfolio, usually a contentious issue for conservative governments in Werania. <br />
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As Health Services Minister von Hösslin increasingly came to clash with premier Lowenstein over his more socially liberal policies. In October 2007 von Hösslin in his role as Health Services Minister proposed to cabinet to amend {{Wp|abortion law}}s so they only applied if there was a risk to a women's life or health or it was in the case of rape; the law received only lukewarm support from premier Lowenstein who withdraw support for the law after there were large scale protests against its introduction. Von Hösslin criticised this attitude as "''supporting the death of thousands of children''" and called for the government to put morality over popularity. <br />
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In 2009 following Lowenstein's resignation von Hösslin supported the candidacy of [[Dietrich Wittmann]] for NKP leader and premier. Wittmann would ultimately win the leadership contest. <br />
====Defence Minister====<br />
Upon the inauguration of the Wittmann cabinet in July 2009 von Hösslinwas reshuffled to the position of Minister of Defence. As Defence Minister von Hösslin was considered to be "''fiercely opposed''" to large cuts in military expenditure from the austerity programme being implemented by the Wittmann cabinet. <br />
<br />
Following his appointment as Defence Minister von Hösslin confirmed that Werania would deploy over 1,000 new troops for peacekeeping operations in [[Mabifia]] and [[Rwizikuru]]. Von Hösslin stated that if war crimes continued from the [[Mabifia]]n government in the [[Makanian Conflict]] that Werania must debate "''whether the free world can abide by further violence and destabilisation in the region''". The continuing civil war in [[Nise]] also prompted a strong response from von Hösslin who stated that the ECTDO should discuss an "''unilateral intervention in the region''" to protect the [[Aurean Straits]]. Von Hösslin stated that the Defence Ministry would consider increasing its cooperation with the [[Council for Mutual Security and Development]] to counter ROSPO threats. <br />
[[File:Bavarian Minister-President Horst L. Seehofer, left, meets with Lt. Gen. Donald M. Campbell, right, during a visit to the Joint Multinational Training Center Airfield, Grafenwoehr, Germany on May 21, 2013 130521-A-KG432-159.jpg|thumb|left|Von Hösslin meeting with generals at the Rupprecht Bormann Airbase in 2011.|300px]]<br />
When the military was set to make over €4 billion worth in cuts for the 2009-2010 fiscal year von Hösslin threatened to resign, eventually comprising to have €3 billion cut from the defence budget and 20,000 redundancies across the branches plus civilian employees at the ministry to be overseen. Some army veterans criticised the defence cuts for undermining Werania's defence, but they were defended by von Hösslin who said that the cuts would encourage the armed forces to move to more efficient forms of defence including upgrading its cyber-warfare capabilities. In 2009 von Hösslin confirmed that Werania would be "''ready and willing''" to perform a {{Wp|nuclear first strike}} if the situation demanded it. <br />
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The Defence Ministry came under criticism in April 2010 when the ''Täglicher Beobachter'' paper published an exposé that detailed endemic hazing, bullying and sexual harassment in the Weranian armed forces. Von Hösslin defended the armed forces stating there was "''no proof the army is institutionally engaging in such activates''" although did say that the Defence Ministry would investigate such cases. The ministry's investigation that was published in 2012 found that the allegations were largely correct and that as Defence Minister von Hösslin had been "''instrumental''" in covering up such allegations. <br />
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Von Hösslin was criticised in June 2010 when he signed a multi-million missile defence sale to [[Senria]] a year after Senria had rejected restrictions on missile development in the 2009 [[Nuclear Arms Limitation and Non-proliferation Talks]]. Von Hösslin's defence ministry had previously come under criticism for securing arms deals with Rwizikuru and [[Yemet]] both of which were considered to have poor human rights records. <br />
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Over Wittmann's term von Hösslin was seen as neither being a core supporter of Wittmann (who were mostly located on the new right faction of the party) nor one of his opponents (who mainly came from the liberal wings). In the 2011 federal election von Hösslin retained his seat in rural Wolfsfled but the NKP as a whole suffered a crushing defeat. Von Hösslin subsequently left the Defence Ministry to sit in the opposition benches in the House of Deputies. Assessing his ministerial career journalist Hugo Hochberg stated that in his decade in the federal cabinet von Hösslin had shown that he was "''a mediocrity whose hard-right views are obscured over a lack of policy intuition''" whilst another commentator, Björn Körver, complimented him for being an "''able administer whose rock-solid competence ensured his political survival''"<br />
<br />
===Opposition===<br />
After the election loss outgoing premier and NKP federal president Wittmann announced he would not be running for another term as NKP president when his term was due to expire in July 2012. A leadership contest was arranged for that date amongst a mixture of NKP parliamentarians, provincial delegates and party members. Von Hösslin announced his candidature early with his main opponent being former Finance Minister Roland Kaulbach being his main opponent. Von Hösslin gained the support of social conservatives in the party such as [[Ulrich Furler]] whilst Kaulbach was supported by liberal and moderate elements, with his pro-EC views being particularly emphasised.<br />
[[File:Von hosslin schaefer.png|[[Günter Schaefer]] (left) speaking with von Hösslin (right) and other NKP officials.|250px|thumb]] <br />
Neither candidate was however considered to be a frontrunner - whilst von Hösslin was popular amongst the NKP base and membership Kaulbach polled better amongst general voters. Kaulbach was criticised for a stiff speaking style and was seen as arrogant by many in the party whilst von Hösslin was perceived to be to conservative for voters. A prominent section of the party supported drafting the popular Minister-President of Roetenberg, [[Günter Schaefer]], for party leader. Schaefer after deliberation announced he would contest the leadership against Kaulbach and von Hösslin, instantly becoming the front runner. The election held in July 2012 saw Schaefer win with 57% of the electoral college voter with von Hösslin coming second with 35% and Kaulbach third with 8%. <br />
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Von Hösslin refused Schaefer's offer to become deputy leader but agreed to become the opposition's spokesman on foreign affairs, seen by many as a major concession to the Euclesceptic wing of the NKP. In his first major policy speech in opposition von Hösslin stated that a NKP-led government would implement a referendum on the Euclo if Werania was forced to finance a bailout for countries such as [[Amathia]]. Von Hösslin garnered criticism after in an interview with OBR he was unable to name the [[Prime Minister of Sernia|Senrian premier]] [[Hayato Nisimura]]. <br />
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During Schaefer's leadership von Hösslin was seen as lacking influence as Schaefer was seen to monopolise power amongst his colleagues from Roetenberg. Von Hösslin was said to have called Schaefer a "''ratshit''" in 2013 after Schaefer reportedly had failed to brief him that the NKP would support the government's embargo of weapons to [[Yemet]] before the NKP announced the policy. Journalists agreed that the working relationship between Schaefer and von Hösslin was poor and that Schaefer was "''searching for an excuse to dismiss his foreign policy spokesperson''". <br />
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During the 2015 federal election von Hösslin played only a small role in the NKP campaign which suffered from the start from poor polling. The election saw the NKP gain only a handful of seats leading to Schaefer to announce that he would not run for another three year term as NKP leader in 2017. However Schaefer came under pressure to hold an early leadership election and in early 2016 resigned causing an early leadership election. <br />
<br />
Von Hösslin became the first to announce his candidacy for the leadership and early on was considered the front runner for the role. His main opponents for the leadership was the Minister-President of Prizen Karin Weisskirchen and the former minister of transport Kaspar Ehrmann. Von Hösslin was seen to represent the conservative faction of the party whilst Wiesskirchen represented the party centrists and Ehrmann the liberal faction. A rising populist wing of the party led by [[Jörg Bullmann]] strongly supported von Hösslin which resulted in von Hösslin promising if elected to the leadership he would appoint Bullmann deputy leader. The election saw von Hösslin get 42% of the vote, Ehrmann 25% and Weisskirchen 23% in the first round and 73% to Ehrmann's 27% in the second round, enabling him to become NKP leader on the 3 July 2015. <br />
====Opposition leader====<br />
Following his election as NKP president von Hösslin appointed Jörg Bullmann as NKP vice-president. Bullmann was considered the populist wing of the party and so his appointment was meant to herald a shift in the NKP from a more {{Wp|Centre-right politics|centre-right}} stance to one based more on {{Wp|right-wing populism|right-wing populist}} {{wp|national conservatism}}. This predominantly took a hard line on crime and immigration stating under a NKP-led government tougher restrictions for asylum seekers would be enforced and that the government would take a "''zero-tolerance approach''" to young and repeat offenders. A rise in crime under the incumbent [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|SRPO]]-[[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|PMZ]] {{wp|coalition government}} alongside high immigration figures enabled these issues to dominate federal politics giving the NKP high approval ratings. <br />
[[File:2016-11-04 Horst Seehofer CSU Parteitag 2016 2620.JPG|thumb|Otto von Hösslin at the NKP party conference in 2018.|left|250px]]<br />
In 2018 the NKP scored two notable victories. The first was the upper house (Herrstag) elections which saw the NKP gain the most seats in the chamber going from 72 to 104 seats. This precipitated the resignation of the [[Premier of Werania|premier]] and SRPO chairman [[Viktor Oberhauser]] who was replaced by the Minister-President of [[Cislania]] [[Josef Felder]] initially saw a rise in support of the SRPO due to Felder's perceived decisive personality. However Felder's departure as Cislania Minister-President led to a decline in support for the SRPO in the province and saw the SRPO defeated at the May 2018 regional elections with the NKP candidate, [[Bartholomäus Stobrawa]], becoming leader. This was seen as doubly benefitting von Hösslin both due to Stobrawa being from the populist faction of the NKP thus vindicating von Hösslin's electoral approach and damaging Felder who as the former Minister-President of the province it's election was seen as a litmus test of his leadership. Following the Cislanian election the SRPO saw it's support collapse in the polls often tying with the [[Green Party (Werania)|Greens]] whilst the NKP maintained a consistent lead. In July 2018 von Hösslin was elected unopposed to another 3 year term as NKP president. <br />
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In November the SRPO received an increase of support in the polls leading to Felder to freeze the [[Sotirian Democratic Homeland]] and the [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]] out of budget negotiations in order to lose a budgetary vote and trigger a {{wp|snap election}} as budgetary votes are counted as votes of confidence. The move was seen as risky with the PMZ opposing it due to concerns they would lose seats in a snap election. Although the NKP was riding high in the polls von Hösslin did not indicate as to whether the NKP would vote in favour or abstain on the budget, with an abstention vote having resulted in the government being able to pass the budget. The dispute between the SRPO and PMZ led to the plan to collapse with Felder abandoning plans of a snap election after facing substantial resistance. The move was seen as a debacle for Felder undermining his authority with his approval ratings collapsing to the benefit of von Hösslin who had previously scored lower then Felder as preferred premier.<br />
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====2019 election====<br />
The [[2019 Weranian federal election|2019 federal election]] saw the NKP run on a platform emphasising limiting immigration, having tougher policies on crime and cutting taxes. The campaign was mainly party based with some media observers noting that von Hösslin eschewed a presidential campaign likely due to his underwhelming personal approval ratings. The attempted assassination of the exiled [[Tsabara|Tsabaran]] journalist Jaal al-Obeid led to a raise in support for the NKP due to their tough-on-crime policies being seen as more appealing then other parties. <br />
[[File:Von Hosslin Felder debate.png|thumb|Von Hösslin with [[Josef Felder]] at the [[2019 Weranian federal election|2019 election debates]].|250px]]<br />
The election saw the NKP get 13,257,365 votes and 36.61% of the vote, resulting in a numerical increase of seats of 93 seats going from 151 to 244 seats. This was the NKP's highest total number of the vote in it's history and the NKP's best vote percentage and total seat count since the 2003 federal election. As a result of the NKP victory Felder resigned as premier the day after the election although led a {{Wp|demissionary cabinet}} until a new one was formed. Von Hösslin was appointed as ''regierungsbildner'' by [[Charlotte II of Werania|Charlotte II]] on the 2<sup>nd</sup> June with the responsibility to form a new federal government. <br />
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The NKP initially sought to assemble a single-party NKP {{wp|minority government}} with {{wp|confidence and supply}} from the [[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]]. The DA leader Käthe Schickdanze had pledged to make a balanced budget a red line in coalition talks which had the potential to disrupt the NKP's plans to cut taxes and increase spending. However the DA refused to support a NKP minority government leading to Von Hösslin to offer a coalition agreement instead which would give the DA two cabinet postings - Foreign Affairs and Social Affairs. The DA accepted this proposal on the 27<sup>th</sup> June with a vote taking place in the Bundestag the same day. The investiture vote was successful in the House of Deputies before passing the Herrstag (with the opposition abstaining). <br />
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On the 28<sup>th</sup> June Charlotte II formally appointed the von Hösslin cabinet with von Hösslin as premier and Schickdanze as vice-premier and foreign minister. Von Hösslin balanced his cabinet between NKP factions with moderates like [[Wolfgang Kanther]] and [[Andrea Däubler]] as Finance and Justice Ministers respectively, conservatives like [[Ulrich Furler]] and [[Andreas Scheel]] as in charge of Defence and Administrative Affairs and populists like Bullmann and [[Alexander Oberländer]] heading the Interior and Economy ministries. [[Simas Nekrošius]], a former television host, was the other DA member appointed to cabinet as Social Affairs Minister.<br />
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==Premier==<br />
When coming to power the governing coalition had a majority in the {{wp|lower house}} but not in the {{wp|upper house}} where they relied on independents and the [[Sotirian Democratic Homeland]] to pas legislation. At the [[2021 Weranian Herrstag election|January 2021 upper house election]] the NKP won a majority of the seats they contested giving the government a majority in both the lower and upper house despite losses for the DA. <br />
===Economic policy===<br />
Upon coming to power von Hösslin confirmed that the government's priority on the economic front would be increase net growth, lower general taxation and remove regulatory barriers on businesses. In his first interview as premier von Hösslin stated the implementation of a 15% {{Wp|flat tax|flat}} {{wp|income tax}} would be the "''number one priority on the fiscal side''" and that the government would look to [[Caldia]]'s model first implemented by [[Patricia Flowers]] as a baseline. In August 2020 finance minister [[Wolfgang Kanther]] stated that flat tax legislation would likely be introduced in 2022 after the government had passed sufficient reforms to streamline and lower the cost of public services. <br />
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In May 2020 the government announced it would sell it's {{Wp|controlling interest}} in the federal transportation system, the Bundesstaatseisenbahnen (BSB). The Weranian government previously owned 80% of all shares in the BSB but under the new legislation would only own 49% of the company with 31% of the total shares of the company being sold to Weranian investors. The government claimed the privatisation would help reduce BSB's debts (which stood at €40 billion at the time of the sale) and help reorient the company to adopt a more profit-driven commercial strategy. The partial privatisation was heavily opposed by rail unions who claimed it would increase prices and lead to layoffs although transport minister Helmut Schockenhoff stated that the move would not entail either of these. The federal reform of BSB only applied to the company's federal operations and not it's provincial subsidiaries. <br />
[[File:Horst Seehofer 2001.jpg|thumb|250px|Von Hösslin announcing the partial privatisation of the BSB.|left]]<br />
At the 2020 budget the von Hösslin government announced a series of tax cuts, most notably a decrease in {{Wp|corporation tax}} from 25% to 20% and the {{Wp|capital gains tax}} from 27% to 22%. The finance minister Kanther claimed these tax cuts would boost overall revenue by leading to higher economic growth a view that was criticised by economists. Under the von Hösslin government growth has increased from 1.2% in 2018-19 to 2.9% from 2020-2021 but the national debt has also increased from a {{wp|debt-to-GDP ratio}} of gross public debt of 89% in 2018 to 94% in 2020. <br />
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In March 2021 Economy and Industry minister [[Alexander Oberländer]] proposed to liberalise the electricity market by a combination of the abolition of {{Wp|price controls}} and breaking up state monopolies by centralising electricity distribution into a single company, the Federal Synchronous Electricity Grid (''bundes synchrones stromnetz''; BSS) which will work within the Euclean synchronous grid system. The BSS is expected to be created in September 2021 through a merger of state electricity grids.<br />
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The von Hösslin government confirmed in 2020 it would aim to repeal legislation introduced in 2006 - known as the Töchterle Package named after it's main advocate Eveline Töchterle - that sought to introduce new regulations for banks following the Euclean financial crisis. The Töchterle Package had been a bipartisan proposal by the NKP government of Rasa Šimonytė and the opposition [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|SRPO]] then under former finance minister [[Lothar Holzmeister]], although aspects of the legislation was overhauled under the government of [[Emilia Koopmann]]. Economy minister Oberländer stated that the legislation had proven to be a "''burden on banks and to complex for our regulators to properly enforce''" advocating for more simple banking regulations to streamline regulatory bodies.<br />
===Environment and energy policy===<br />
[[File:Global Climate Strike 09-20-2019 (48779705048).jpg|thumb|250px|Climate protests at the Tuaisceart-Süd pipeline 2 protests in May 2020]]<br />
The NKP electoral programme for the 2019 contained very few commitments regarding the environment with von Hösslin having previously {{wp|Climate change denial|denied}} {{wp|Scientific consensus on climate change|the scientific consensus}} on {{wp|climate change}}. Upon coming to power the NKP government scrapped {{Wp|Mandatory renewable energy target|federal renewable energy targets}} and rejected the implementation of {{Wp|emissions trading}} schemes that had been proposed by the last government. The NKP government also cut funding for renewable energy projects whilst increasing them for coal, gas and oil companies who received increased subsidies in the 2020 budget. <br />
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Since 2008 the Weranian government has agreed to let the [[Gaullica|Gaullican]] nuclear energy company Électricité de Gaullica build three new nuclear power plants in Werania after a moratorium on further construction that was in place from 1996 to 2008. Only one of the reactors has been built with the other two still going regulatory procedures. However in 2019 Energy and Environment Minister Martin Stammberger confirmed that the Weranian government would aim to ensure the other two reactors would begin construction no later then 2022.<br />
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Upon coming to power von Hösslin pledged that Werania would continue to support the Tuaisceart-Süd 2.0 oil pipeline with [[Caldia]], which had originally been proposed by [[Viktor Oberhauser]] and [[Alexis Walker]] to compliment the original Tuaisceart-Süd pipeline that was completed in 2004. The project was originally designed to be implemented by the [[Northern Forum]] being heavily promoted in the body by Caldish [[Taoiseach of Caldia|Taoiseach]] [[Stiofán Mac Suibhne]] but came under criticism from other governments such as [[Azmara]]. The proposal was subsequently dropped from the Northern Forum's agenda after the Caldish and Weranian legislatures agreed to support the project on a bilateral basis. The pipeline was controversial in Werania with large scale protests being held across the country with the environmental group ''Aktion Jetzt!'' claiming ay least 10,000 protesters are protesting in major cities like Wiesstadt, Westbrücken, Kotzenberg and Ostdorf on the 24<sup>th</sup> April 2020. A May poll showed that 40% of Weranians opposed the pipeline compared to 36% who supported it and 24% who had no opinion. The controversial manner as to how the government handled the pipeline and the alleged lack of concern regarding its environmental implications led to a drop in support for the NKP whilst the [[Green Party (Werania)|Greens]] overtook the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|SRPO]] to become the second largest party.<br />
===Immigration policy===<br />
Under the von Hösslin government the Weranian government has taken a tougher line on immigration into the country in contrast to the relatively liberal policies of the last government. Interior minister [[Jörg Bullmann]] stated that the government would seek to end large-scale immigration, particularly from non-Euclean countries and that Weranian asylum policy would focus equally on assimilation and repatriation rather then a multicultural approach. The von Hösslin government has proposed capping non-Euclean migration to under 50,000 a year, particularly from [[Coius]]. Von Hösslin stated his government wished to "''reduce immigration but in a way that focuses on restricting it from cultures that have greater difficultly integrating into our Euclean way of life rather then untargeted''". <br />
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In March 2021 Bullmann outlined policies that the government intends to implement to tighten non-EC migration including making knowledge of {{Wp|German language|Weranian}} mandatory for all potential migrants, restricting the eligibility of marriage visas and introducing restrictions for businesses so they hire less non-EC labour. Bullmann also stated that the immigration system will seek to put adherence to "''Weranian values''" at the heart of it's immigration policy. <br />
===Social policy===<br />
The von Hösslin government since coming to power have aimed to reform Werania's social insurance and labour union systems. In November 2019 the government passed a reform of the {{wp|welfare state|social security}} including centralising the welfare system around the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment and removing much of the eligibility of non-EC citizens to apply for welfare. The government's flagship reform was the Family First Initiative which allowed families to receive a tax-free benefit of €150 per month for the second and any consecutive children until they reach the age of 18. Families are also eligible to receive the benefit for their first child if the family income is under €200 per family member. The reforms were intended to promote larger families and allow younger couples more financial assistance to encourage them to raise a first child. <br />
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In October 2019 the government also sought to promote healthcare reform, passing the Healthcare Choice and Provision Law. The law overhauled how the federal government organised financing of bundesländer on healthcare matters requiring the bundesländer to allot 20% of all healthcare spending to private institutions and introduced thresholds for bundesländer to meet on healthcare targets in order to promote competition within the healthcare sector. The law however has been criticised by the bundesländer governments with some such as the [[Ruttland|Ruttish]] one committing to challenging the law in court for intervening in policy sectors that are the sole responsibility of the bundesländer. In 2020 the von Hösslin government passed the Pharmaceutical Regulation and Use Law that deregulated the use of experimental drugs for trials and treatments. The law attracted some controversy as the law allowed alternative medicinal practitioners wider access to use these drugs highlighting concerns of them using such drugs as "''miracle cures''". The health minister [[Sabrine Dümmler]] defended both laws on the grounds they increased choice and streamlined bureaucratic systems within the healthcare sector benefitting consumers and taxpayers. <br />
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In spring 2020 Social Affairs minister [[Simas Nekrošius]] proposed major reforms to the labour market including making it easier for workers' to change jobs and for employers to hire and fire workers' whilst reducing trade union representatives in business-worker negotiations. The government has also pledged to implement measures that allow employers to temporarily cut workers' salaries or hours in times of financial stress, a law that had previously been proposed by the former SRPO-PMZ government but was voted down after trade union protests. The second largest trade union federation in Werania, the Weranian Federation of Workers' (OAV), have criticised the proposed labour reforms on the grounds they will increase unemployment and reduce wages. <br />
===Security policy===<br />
In response to concerns about rising crime in Werania including the role of {{wp|terrorism}} the government introduced a law that allowed the federal police to search homes, restrict movement, close places of worship and search areas around train stations as well as international ports and airports. The law was controversial when introduced with human rights campaigners alleging that the law contravened civil rights and would undermine liberties. <br />
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In 2021 the von Hösslin government supported the ECDTO mission to [[Tsabara]] after the [[Gaullica|Gaullican]] government announced they would joining a mission that had been spearheaded by [[Estmere]] in 2020 to support the Tsabaran government in the [[Tsabaran Civil War]]. As part of this support the Weranian government confirmed a €2.1 billion arms deal with Tsabara providing the country with light armoured vehicles, large-calibre artillery systems and heavy machine guns. Von Hösslin stated that ensuring a stable Tsabara was crucial to securing Euclean security policy, highlighting the importance of the [[Aurean Straits]] for Euclea's economic security.<br />
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===Foreign policy===<br />
Upon coming to power von Hösslin was seen to align Werania much more closely to [[Estmere]], [[Etruria]] and [[Senria]] whereas the previous government had prioritised relations with [[Gaullica]]. Commentators remarked that von Hösslin and the NKP generally had adopted a much more Euclesceptic foreign policy then the outgoing SRPO with von Hösslin supporting Estmerish [[Prime Minister of Estmere|Prime Minister]] [[Reginald Wilton-Smyth]]'s move to reform aspects of the Euclean Central Bank and the Zilverzee area within the [[Euclean Community]]. Both von Hösslin and Wilton-Smyth were seen as firm supporters of the "{{Wp|Special relationship|Alte Bruderschaft}}" between their two countries and under their tenures military and intelligence cooperation has increased. In 2020 von Hösslin stated he agreed with the sentiment behind Wilton-Smyth's "[[Axis of evil]]" speech.<br />
[[File:RWS von Hosslin.png|thumb|250px|Von Hösslin giving a ceremonial lion to [[Estmere|Estmerish]] [[Prime Minister of Estmere|Prime Minister]] [[Reginald Wilton-Smyth]] in 2020.|left]]<br />
Under von Hösslin Werania underwent rapprochement with Etruria. From 2016-19 the Weranian government had been critical of the [[Tribune Movement]] under [[Francesco Carcaterra]] particularly over concerns that the Carcaterra government was limiting {{wp|freedom of speech}} particularly following the [[2018 Etrurian student protests]]. The NKP in opposition however had made links with the Tribunes particularly following the collapse of the {{Wp|centre-right}} [[Etrurian Federalist Party]] and upon coming to power advocated within the EC a more dovish policy to Etruria. The von Hösslin government was seen as crucial for facilitating Etrurian-EC reconciliation from 2019 onwards with increased defence and economic cooperation being pursued between the two. <br />
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Conversely Werania's relationship with its neighbours have been more contested under von Hösslin whose lessened support for Euclean integration has at times strained relations with nations with centre-left governments such as [[Azmara]], [[Gaullica]], [[Caldia]] and after 2020 [[Alsland]]. At the [[2020 IES Baiqiao Summit]] for example Werania underwent criticism from Gaullican officials for alongside Estmere blocking action on {{wp|climate change}} despite Euclean officials such as [[Alexis Walker]] and [[Niina Hermansdohter]] making the issue a priority within their agenda. Von Hösslin had additionally criticised the appointment of Hermansdohter over former [[Premier of Werania|premier]] [[Rasa Šimonytė]] a High Commissioner. Nevertheless von Hösslin has continued having Werania meet prior Euclean commitments and has rejected more openly Eucleceptic policies proposed by Foreign Affairs Minister [[Käthe Schickdanze]]. <br />
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In the 2019 election the von Hösslin government promised to veto new entrants for the EC for the 2019-2024 EC parliamentary term, with the policy being reaffirmed following the inauguration of the NKP-DA coalition. The von Hösslin government stated this stance is due to concerns that new EC members would lead to higher immigration and {{Wp|social dumping}} which the government stated occured when [[Amathia]] and [[Paretia]] were admitted to the bloc. This stance has been criticised by the governments of [[Piraea]] and [[Slirnia]] both of whom have aspirations to join the bloc. <br />
[[File:Vallette von Hosslin.png|thumb|250px|Former [[Gaullica|Gaullican]] president [[Jean Vallette]] with von Hösslin in 2019.]]<br />
The [[Tsabaran Civil War]] has seen the Weranian government support the [[Tsabara]]n government under [[Nazim al-Qutayni]] with the Weranian government supporting the {{wp|coalition government|coalition}} between al-Qutayni's allies and Atudite parties. The Weranian government supported the multilateral ECTDO mission in 2021 that sought to expand Estmerish air support to also include Weranian and Gaullican involvement. Von Hösslin's government however has been said to be lukewarm on cooperation between the Tsabaran government and the {{wp|left-wing}} Popular Front which has hampered some cooperation, with the Weranian Defence Ministry failing to approve of the sale of missiles to Tsabaran forces. In 2020 Werania supported the readmittance of Tsabara into the [[International Council for Democracy]]. <br />
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Von Hösslin's government has promoted closer ties with Senria on defence and economic issues. In 2020 the von Hösslin government promoted closer security links between Werania and the [[Sangang Mutual Security Organization]] (SAMSO), a security organisation that includes Senria, [[Kuthina]], [[Chanda]] and [[Baekjeong]]. However Werania has been less approving of potential trade deals between the EC and the [[Council for Mutual Development]] (COMDEV) as well as the [[Bashurat Cooperation Organization]] (BCO), two regional economic and security organisations in Coius that include Senria and several other Coian and [[Satria]]n nations on the grounds that such deals would undermine the Weranian economy. <br />
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Comparatively von Hösslin has sought to promote more neutralist relations with [[Shangea]] and [[Zorasan]]. Whilst supporting Estmere in the [[2019 Estmere-Zorasan Crisis]] Werania under von Hösslin has still emphasised economic links with Zorasan and Shangea, particularly in the energy and industrial sectors. Nevertheless in 2019 Foreign Affairs Minister Käthe Schickdanze reaffirmed that Werania would continue to enforce sanctions on Shangea regarding human right abuses stemming from [[Normalisation (Shangea)|Normalisation]]. <br />
[[File:With Minister-President of Bavaria Horst Seehofer.jpg|Von Hösslin meeting [[Soravia|Soravian]] premier [[Nicolai Karpenko]] in 2021.|left|thumb|250px]]<br />
Von Hösslin has promoted a relatively hawkish policy in [[Bahia]] supporting the continued deployment of peacekeepers in combat zones in [[Mabifia]], [[Yemet]] and [[Bamvango]]. Schickdanze has called for Euclean and Asterian countries to be more willing to pursue interventionism in order to safeguard human rights and economic development in Bahia. Von Hösslin has accused [[Dezevau]] of destabilising Bahian countries through an aggressive foreign policy. Von Hösslin's government has rejected apologies or reparations for Bahian countries such as Yemet or [[Maucha]] regarding Weranian colonial crimes with von Hösslin stating he wanted to focus on the future not the past.<br />
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The von Hösslin government ended moves pursued by the former government over reconciliation with nations within the [[Association for International Socialism]], notably [[Kirenia]] and [[Chistovodia]]. The Weranian government has joined other [[Asterias|Asterian]] countries such as [[Satucin]], [[Marchenia]] and [[Eldmark]] over Chistovodian naval maneuverers within the Arucian. The von Hösslin government has called for improving ties with the [[North Vehemens Organization]] and supportes a free trade deal with [[Asteria Inferior Common Market|ASTCOM]].<br />
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Under von Hösslin the Weranian government has continued the previous governments relatively critical stance towards [[Soravia]] and the [[Samorspi]] organisation as a whole accusing the Soravian government of undermining democracy in western Euclea including in [[Vedmed]] and the Soravian region of [[Zalykia]]. The Weranian government also criticised the extension of a [[Zakhaz]] pipeline through Etruria. <br />
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Human right activists have criticised Weranian foreign policy under von Hösslin for ignoring human rights and placing business interests first particularly regarding Senria, Tsabara, Etruria and Bahia. The von Hösslin government has rejected this criticism stating it is committed to improving human rights worldwide.<br />
===Hosokawa scandal and resignation===<br />
On the 23<sup>rd</sup> February 2022 the ''Tägliche Beobachter'' revealed that between April 2018 to March 2021 premier Otto von Hösslin has reportedly met representatives from the Senrian conglomerate Hosokawa Corporation 17 times to discuss undisclosed matters at the Dumont Hotel. The Hosokawa Corporation and its various subsidiaries since 2019 received over 100 new contracts and joint management over 200 with other companies across federal government services ranging from healthcare provision to military hardware after having donated to the NKP in the [[2019 Weranian federal election|2019 federal election]]. In another leak in March 2021 as part of the implementation of the Healthcare Choice and Provision Law the government gave another Hosokawa subsidiary, Seido Medical Equipment, preferential status as a supplier of medical equipment to both private and public hospitals. The Health Minister Sabrine Dümmler confirmed in a meeting with hospital administrators in May 2021 that Seido was the "''preferred supplier''" of medical hardware by the federal government and that federal regulation was based on their standards.<br />
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Documents released on the 14<sup>th</sup> March to ''Der Staatsmann'' additionally revealed that von Hösslin and Finance Minister [[Wolfgang Kanther]] "''systematically favoured''" the Hosokawa corporation in the awarding of public contracts having forced the [[Ruttland|Ruttish]] government to accept a contract from Hosokawa subsidiary Iwasaki Telecommunications Company in 2020 overruling the original preference of Werner Hauss. This was despite the Minister of Regional Development Melanie Bätzing-Lichtenthäler having renegotiated a planned contract with Werner Hauss introducing more stringent auditing of Werner Hauss's finances. Additionally in July 2020 during the process of privatising the controlling interest of the BSB pushed for Hosokawa's Weranian office to be included amongst potential investors. The original legislation stipulated that the 31% stake being sold could only be brought by Weranian-based companies but in an amendment submitted by the government Hosokawa's Weranian branch was eligible to buy the stake. During the debate regarding the amendment Transport Minister Beatrix Schockenhoff named Hosokawa in particular as a "''key partner in Weranian infrastructure policy''".<br />
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On the 26<sup>th</sup> March a leaked report compiled by the government's anti-corruption watchdog, the Auditor-Generals office, was leaked to the ''Tägliche Beobachter'' that indicated that "''up to a fifth''" of federal government contracts handed out over 2021 have been raised as having the "potential for corruption" and that the federal government has "''systematically awarded contracts on a federal and provincial level to companies associated with the NKP''". The report further elaborated that "''the Finance Ministry seems to have acted as a conduit for the federal government to disburse public funds to friends of the NKP using the power of the federal government to approve or deny public contracts''" and that a "''pattern has emerged of the Finance Ministry deliberately forcing through non-competitive contract bids for various projects from railway track work to canteen provision in government offices''".<br />
[[File:EPP Helsinki Congress in Finland, 7-8 November 2018 (45043583414).jpg|thumb|250px|Von Hösslin announcing his resignation.]]<br />
The culminative effect of these allegations meant that the government lost a large amount of support with the NKP trailing behind [[Euclean Werania]] in the polls and von Hösslin becoming one of the most unpopular premiers in a decade with a majority calling for his resignation. On the 24<sup>th</sup> April the Bundestag's Standards Committee has censured von Hösslin and Kanther for failing to ensure that public contracts are handed out "''in fairness and in line with public expectations''". A day later the Social Affairs Minister [[Simas Nekrošius]] from the DA resigned due to "''a lack of accountability''" from the premier. <br />
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A series of bundesländer elections in May was seen as a referendum on the federal government. Unexpectedly the NKP lost government in Wolfsfled with EO under former foreign minister Willi Lieberman forming a coalition with the Greens whilst the NKP also lost Prizen to an EO-Green alliance. The only bundesländer government the NKP retained was [[Cislania]] largely credited to the personal popularity of Minister-President Bartholomäus Stobrawa. After the election Stobrawa informed von Hösslin that the Cislanian branch of the NKP would oppose his re-election as NKP president with von Hösslin's three year term as leader set to expire in June. <br />
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Polling showed that both among NKP members and voters that Stobrawa was more popular then von Hösslin and would increase support for the NKP as much as 10 points if becoming premier. After floating the idea of a reshuffle and speaking with the {{wp|Parliamentary whip|legislative coordinator}}s Eckart Krichbaum and Norbert Böhmer it became clear that von Hösslin no longer had the support of the party and on the 10<sup>th</sup> June announced he would not run in the [[2022 National Consolidation Party leadership election]]. Von Hösslin confirmed that he would leave the leadership of the party when a new leader is chosen. On the 30 June [[Anton Raicevich]] was confirmed as NKP leader with von Hösslin leaving the premiership the day later.<br />
==Political views and public image==<br />
Von Hösslin has generally been seen as a {{wp|conservatism|conservative}} figure particularly in {{wp|social conservatism|social}} affairs. He has been described as being aligned with the {{wp|neoconservatism|neoconservative}} movement in Werania which emphasises {{Wp|national conservatism}} combined with {{wp|economic liberalism}} although is seen to focus more on socially conservative causes then economic liberalisation. Following his election as NKP leader von Hösslin has been accused of becoming more in favour of using {{wp|right-wing populism|right-wing populist}} and Eucleaspectic rhetoric.<br />
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Von Hösslin has been noted to have average personal approving ratings and is not seen as a particularly charismatic leader. Polling company Weranian Politics Review noted that von Hösslin is seen more as serious and trustworthy rather then charismatic with his approval rating being similar to his party's overall rather then noticeably higher or lower. <br />
===Economic issues===<br />
For most of his political career von Hösslin was identified as being in favour of economic liberalism supporting deregulation, privatisation and low taxation. Within the NKP von Hösslin has been identified as being within the neoliberal faction supporting tax cuts and liberalisation measures in contrast to fiscal conservatives who primarily focus on balancing the budget and are considered more corporatist in character and the populists who favour large-scale spending and economic interventionism. In government however von Hösslin has supported a mixture of neoliberal and populist policies. This has most strikingly been seen in a shift towards greater {{wp|economic nationalism}}. <br />
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Von Hösslin in 2020 proposed that each job seeker should be offered vocational training and be forced to accept the employment offered to them after training in order to combat unemployment. He has stated that Werania's problem with high unemployment stem from overly powerful trade union influence. <br />
===Social issues===<br />
On most social issues von Hösslin is considered to be conservative. He has previously voiced support for banning {{wp|abortion}} although has since moderated this stance to supporting it only in the cases of a threat to a women's life or rape. Upon becoming premier von Hösslin stated he did not plan to change current federal abortion laws but has committed to cutting funding for abortion clinics in the country. <br />
<br />
Von Hösslin is considered to be a conservative on {{Wp|LBGT+}} rights, favouring traditional conceptions of gender and sexuality norms. In 1992 shortly after being elected to the House of Deputies von Hösslin supported banning open homosexuals from being employed in teaching stating they would act as "''propagandists for the destruction of the family''". Von Hösslin also attributed the low birthrate of Werania during this period due to the "''pervasive influence of {{Wp|Anti-gender movement|gay ideology}} amongst the youth''". In 2005 von Hösslin claimed that "''homosexual conduct was a choice, more an ideology then anything else, and certainly not a biological process''" and called for schools to restrict teaching on LGBT+ issues. In 2016 von Hösslin refused to retract these comments, stating he simply "''regretted that some have taken offence to my opinions''". Von Hösslin opposed the legislation of {{wp|same-sex marriage}} in 2013, calling it a "''crime against nature''". Nevertheless in 2019 von Hösslin stated if he became premier he would not repeal same-sex marriage stating the focus should be encouraging healthy relationships. Von Hösslin has proposed however to restrict {{Wp|gay adoption}} saying he wants to put children first. In response to the creation of {{Wp|LGBT+ free zones}} in [[Etruria]] von Hösslin strongly condemned calls to create similar such zones in Werania.<br />
===Immigration and multicultralism===<br />
Von Hösslin has vocally criticised {{Wp|multicultralism}} and has criticised the notion that Werania is a nation of immigrants. Von Hösslin has stated that attempts to create a multicultural society in Werania is "''contrary to history''" and has stated immigrants must assimilate into Weranian culture by embracing Weranian values. Von Hösslin has stated that the [[Euclean Community]] is to liberal in it's immigration policy and has called for substantial reductions in non-Euclean migration in order to "''preserve the Euclean way of life''". Von Hösslin has linked liberal immigration policies with economic insecurity and violent crime and has proposed capping non-Euclean migration to 50,000 a year.<br />
===Foreign policy===<br />
Von Hösslin opposed [[Etruria]] becoming a member of the [[Euclean Community]] stating it neither had strong democratic institutions nor the fiscal stability to function properly as a member of the bloc. He has been critical of other south Euclean countries such as [[Piraea]], [[Galenia]] and [[Slirnia]] joining the bloc for similar reasons. <br />
<br />
Regarding the EC as a whole von Hösslin has supported a {{wp|souverainisme|souverainiste}} doctrine, stating he supports a "''Euclea of nations''" rather then a supranational Euclea. Nevertheless he has criticised proposals for Werania to leave the Euclo or the EC as a whole stating that it is more feasible to reorient the EC to it's "original vision" of being founded on shared Sotirian heritage. <br />
<br />
Von Hösslin has spoken in favour of an interventionist foreign policy, stating Werania and it's allies have to do so due to the threat posed by countries such as [[Chistovodia]], [[Xiaodong]] and [[Zorasan]]. Because of this von Hösslin supported [[Reginald Wilton-Smyth]]'s [[Axis of evil]] speech in 2020.<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Von Hösslin married his wife Julia Neumark, a biology teacher, in 1974. They together have 3 children - Friedrich, a local politician in Malstadt; Klemens, a financial analyst; and Natalie, a veterinary nurse. His first grandchild, a girl, was born in 2014. He is a fan of F.C Malstadt-Bach, one of the two football clubs from the city, often regularly seeing them play.<br />
<br />
Von Hösslin identifies as a devout Catholic and his family regularly attends mass. In addition to his native Weranian von Hösslin speaks {{wp|French language|Gaullican}} and {{wp|English language|Estmerish}}.<br />
{{Template:Premiers of Werania}}<br />
[[Category:Werania]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Ludolf_Ostermann&diff=770309Ludolf Ostermann2024-02-22T18:44:56Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox officeholder<br />
|honorific-prefix = <br />
|name = Ludolf Franz {{wp|Ritter|Ritter von}} Ostermann<br />
|native_name =<br />
|native_name_lang = <br />
|image = Helmut Schmidt at Andrews AFB 1981 (cropped).JPEG<br />
|caption = Official portrait of Ludolf Ostermann<br />
|office = [[List of premiers of Werania|36th]] [[Premier of Werania]]<br />
|monarch = [[Otto X of Werania|Otto X]]<br>[[Charlotte II of Werania|Charlotte II]]<br />
|term_start = 8 March 1980<br />
|term_end = 16 July 1987<br />
|predecessor = [[Renatas Vinkauskas]]<br />
|successor = [[Adolf Stahl]]<br />
|office2 = Federal Chairman of the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]]<br />
|term_start2 = 4 June 1982<br />
|term_end2 = 16 May 1992<br />
|predecessor2 = ''Postion established''<br />
|successor2 = Wolfgang Löscher<br />
|office3 = Minister-President of Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken<br />
|term_start3 = 5 December 1972<br />
|term_end3 = 4 June 1982<br />
|predecessor3 = Gustav Marek<br />
|successor3 = Ernst Stemmler<br />
|birth_date = {{birth date|1927|11|14}}<br />
|birth_place = Gothberg, Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken, [[Werania]]<br />
|death_date = <br />
|death_place = <br />
|signature = <br />
|party = [[Social Democratic Party of Werania|SPO]], [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|SRPO]]<br />
|spouse = Erika Spielmann (1952-1995)<br>Veronika Nesselrode (1997-2016)<br />
|children = 4<br />
|religion =<br />
|alma_mater = <br />
| module = {{Infobox military person | embed=yes<br />
|nickname=<br />
|allegiance= {{flag|Werania}}<br />
|branch= [[Air force of Werania|Air force]]<br />
|serviceyears= 1945–1950<br />
|rank={{Wp|Oberleutnant}}<br />
|unit=<br />
|commands=<br />
|battles=[[Valduvian-Weranian War]]<br />
|awards= <br />
|relations=<br />
|signature = }}<br />
}}<br />
'''Ludolf Franz Ostermann''' (November 14, 1927) is a [[Werania|Weranian]] politician who served as [[Premier of Werania]] form 1984 to 1992. He was also the leader of [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]] (SRPO) from 1982 to 1992 and Minister-President of Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken from 1972 to 1982. Ostermann sat in the House of Deputies from 1984 to his retirement from active politics in 1992. <br />
<br />
Ostermann was born in a working class family in Gothberg joining the airforce in 1945 where he fought in the [[Valduvian-Weranian War]]. In 1956 he became a member of the Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken Landtag as a member of the [[Social Democratic Party of Werania]]. Proving himself to be a popular and innovative Landtag member Ostermann became Minister-President in 1972. As Minister-President he proved himself to be an effective economic moderniser who also expanded social programmes. Ostermann pushed for a merger between the SPO and the Radical Party to form the Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania (SRPO) in 1977. Ostermann subsequently in 1982 was elected as SRPO leader and led the party to win the 1984 election in a coalition with the [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]] (OSAI) beating the [[National Consolidation Party]]. <br />
<br />
Being elected on a avowedly {{wp|socialism|socialist}} programme Ostermann implemented radical economic policies, {{Wp|nationalisation|nationalising}} key strategic industries and attempting to guide the economy through price and wage controls. These measures did not increase economic growth and saw the government become estranged from the [[Euclean Community]] worried about Werania's debt and inflation issues. As such in 1986, a year before the next federal election Ostermann undertook a radical u-turn in economic policy emphasising the {{Wp|privatisation}} of state-owned enterprise, deregulation of economic sectors especially banking and housing and liberalising labour laws. These policies are considered to have laid the groundwork of late 1980's economic recovery. The policies saw the SPRO lose ground in the 1988 election as the OSAI collapsed as a political force; as a result Ostermann formed a {{Wp|purple (politics)|purple government}} with the [[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|Modern Centre Party]]. <br />
<br />
In his second government Ostermann proposed deeper Euclean integration and several pioneering socially liberal policies, decriminalising homosexuality and abortion and promoting more comprehensive women's rights. In 1990 his popularity declined as his Minister of Finance and the Economy [[Lothar Holzmeister]] resigned due to differences in economic policy. In 1992 he was ousted as premier by party opponents led by Westbrücken Mayor [[Wolfgang Löscher]]. Ostermann retired following the 1995 election. Ostermann has continued to comment on political issues. <br />
<br />
As Werania's longest serving centre-left premier, Ostermann was considered a controversial figure in Weranian politics. His supporters laud his economic reforms as having led to the prosperous Weranian economy of the 1990's and 2000's, that he was a crucial figure in supporting Euclean integration and that he was a pragmatic and shrewd politician being one of the most successful social democratic leaders in history. Ostermann's opponents meanwhile accuse his government of leading to greater inequality and social division, for overseeing the "neoliberalisation" of the left and later in his tenure be willing to turn back on his electoral promises to sponsor the coalition government. The ''Statesmen'' newspaper characterised Ostermann as "''undisputedly the most important Weranian premier since the [[Great War (Kylaris)|war]]''". <br />
==Early life==<br />
==Political career==<br />
===Election as leader===<br />
===1979 election===<br />
==Premier==<br />
===Economic policy===<br />
===Social policy===<br />
===Foreign policy===<br />
===Fall from leadership===<br />
==Post-premiership==<br />
==Views==<br />
==Controversies==<br />
==Personal life==<br />
{{Template:Premiers of Werania}}<br />
[[Category:Werania]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Template:Premiers_of_Werania&diff=770298Template:Premiers of Werania2024-02-22T18:37:16Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
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<div>{{Navbox<br />
| name = Premiers of Werania<br />
| title = {{flagicon|Werania}} [[List of premiers of Werania|Premiers of Werania]]<br />
| bodyclass = hlist<br />
|image = [[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|150px]]<br />
| list1 =<br />
*[[Ulrich von Bayrhoffer|von Bayrhoffer]]<br />
*[[Anton von Reuss|von Reuss]]<br />
*[[Ferdinand Karl von Schönborn-Buchheim|von Schönborn-Buchheim]]<br />
*[[Franz Joseph, Prince of Oppolzer|Prince of Oppolzer]]<br />
*[[Ludwig Gustav von Middendorff|von Middendorff]]<br />
*[[Johann Franz von Gieslingen|von Gieslingen]]<br />
*[[Joachim Schwarzenberg|Schwarzenberg]]<br />
*[[Xaver von Aehrenthal|von Aehrenthal]]<br />
*[[Nicolas von Rheingold|von Rheingold]]<br />
*[[Ažuolas Kuzmickas|Kuzmickas]]<br />
*[[Bartholomäus von Littrow|von Littrow]]<br />
*[[Adolf Ritter von Kral|von Kral]]<br />
*[[Konrad von Höhnel|von Höhnel]]<br />
*[[Mathias von Steichen|von Steichen]]<br />
*[[Casper von Staffort|von Staffort]]<br />
*[[Erich von Schätzle|von Schätzle]]<br />
*[[Gustav Kroetz|Kroetz]]<br />
*[[Otto Röttgen|Röttgen]]<br />
*[[Walther von Pittermann|von Pittermann]]<br />
*[[Wilhelm von Kuehnelt|von Kuehnelt]]<br />
*[[Albrecht Küchenthal|Küchenthal]]<br />
*[[Hermann von Ratzinger|von Ratzinger]]<br />
*[[Reinhold von Schönborn-Herz|von Schönborn-Herz]]<br />
*[[Gustav Blumentritt|Blumentrit]]<br />
*[[Hans Doblhoff-Dier|Doblhoff-Dier]]<br />
*[[Adalbert Nischwitz|Nischwitz]]<br />
*[[Dietrich zu Kolbenheyer|zu Kolbenheyer]]<br />
*[[Franz Rössler|Rössler]]<br />
*[[Walther Ritter von Dittmann|von Dittmann]]<br />
*[[Viktor Beer-Hofmann|Beer-Hofmann]]<br />
*[[Konstantin Vogel|Vogel]]<br />
*[[August von Münstermann|von Münstermann]]<br />
*[[Rudolf Wiefelspütz|Wiefelspütz]]<br />
*[[Sigmar Welskopf-Henrich|Welskopf-Henrich]]<br />
*[[Renatas Vinkauskas|Vinkauskas]]<br />
*[[Ludolf Ostermann|Ostermann]]<br />
*[[Adolf Stahl|Stahl]]<br />
*[[Wolfgang Löscher|Löscher]]<br />
*[[Sotirian Lowenstein|Lowenstein]]<br />
*[[Dietrich Wittmann|Wittmann]]<br />
*[[Emilia Koopmann|Koopmann]]<br />
*[[Viktor Oberhauser|Oberhauser]]<br />
*[[Josef Felder|Felder]]<br />
*[[Otto von Hößlin|von Hößlin]]<br />
*[[Anton Raicevich|Raicevich]]<br />
| below =<br />
}}</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Wolfgang_L%C3%B6scher&diff=770294Wolfgang Löscher2024-02-22T18:32:25Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox officeholder<br />
|honorific-prefix = <br />
|name = Wolfgang Löscher<br />
|native_name =<br />
|native_name_lang = <br />
|image = 2015-12 Gerhard Schröder SPD Bundesparteitag by Olaf Kosinsky-12.jpg<br />
|caption = Löscher in 2016<br />
|office = [[List of premiers of Werania|38<Sup>th</sup>]] [[Premier of Werania]]<br />
|monarch = [[Charlotte II of Werania|Charlotte II]]<br />
|term_start = 16 May 1991<br />
|term_end = 18 May 2003<br />
|predecessor = [[Adolf Stahl]]<br />
|successor = [[Sotirian Lowenstein]]<br />
|office2 = Federal Chairman of the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]]<br />
|term_start2 = 16 May 1990<br />
|term_end2 = 22 June 2003<br />
|predecessor2 = [[Ludolf Ostermann]]<br />
|successor2 = Lothar Holzmeister<br />
|office3 = Lord Mayor of [[Westbrücken]]<br />
|term_start3 = 17 June 1985<br />
|term_end3 = 16 May 1991<br />
|predecessor3 = Augustin Schönfeld<br />
|successor3 = Ulrich Börngen<br />
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1942|09|14}}<br />
|birth_place = [[Westbrücken]], [[Werania]]<br />
|death_date = <br />
|death_place = <br />
|signature = <br />
|party = [[Weranian Section of the Workers' International|OSAI]] (1959-1972)<br>[[Socialist Alternative Party|SAP]] (1972-1986)<br>[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|SRPO]] (1986-2021)<br>[[Euclean Werania]] (2021-present)<br />
|spouse = Saskia Stegnar (1960-1997)<br>Meng Peiyun (2000-present)<br />
|children = 6<br />
|religion =<br />
|alma_mater = <br />
| module = <br />
| footnotes = {{Collapsible list<br />
| titlestyle = background:#EEDD82;text-align:center;<br />
| title = Other offices held<br />
| bullets = on<br />
| 1977-1991: Member of the Westbrücken Abgeordnetenhaus<br />
| 1981-1985: Westbrücken Finance Minister <br />
| 1991-2004: Member of the House of Deputies<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Wolfgang Walter Löscher''' (born September 14 1942) is a [[Werania|Weranian]] {{Wp|social democracy|social democratic}} politician. He served as the [[Premier of Werania]] from May 1991 to his defeat in the 2003 election and previously served as the Lord Mayor of [[Westbrücken]] from 1985 to 1993. Löscher is the [[List of premiers of Werania|longest serving premier]] in [[History of Werania|Weranian history]] and the most electorallyu successful centre-left Weranian leader leading the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|Social Democratic Radical Party]]. <br />
<br />
Born in a working class family in Westbrücken Löscher worked as a trade unionist representative in the steel industry. He was elected to the Westbrücken Abgeordnetenhaus for the Socialist Alternative party in 1977, where he was appointed as the city's finance minister in 1981. In 1985 he became the Lord Mayor of Westbrücken maintaining a coalition with the [[Weranian Section of the Workers' International]] winning re-elections in 1985 and 1989. <br />
<br />
As Lord Mayor of Westbrücken Löscher carved a prominent role for himself on the national stage. Considered to be part of the "mainstream social democrats" of the party in the SRPO Löscher initially was a supporter of premier [[Ludolf Ostermann]] but broke with him to support a group of reformist SRPO members from the younger generations of the party which had coalesced around the powerful Minister of Finance and the Economy [[Lothar Holzmeister]]. After the Ostermann government lost the 1987 election the reformists began to agitate in the party, calling for the {{wp|neoliberalism|neoliberal}} economic reforms to be accelerated. Holzmeister's unsuccessful challenge to Ostermann in 1989 revealed the limits of the reformists support and in 1991 they chose the more moderate Löscher to challenge Ostermann at the next federal congress. Ostermann reacted by resigning allowing Löscher to be elected leader uncontested. <br />
<br />
Intending to breath fresh life into the party Löscher defeated the NKP in the 1991 election with the SRPO securing a majority government. In his 1991-1995 term Löscher implemented some policies that continued the process of economic reform supporting privatisation of public assets and further deregulation of the economy. He also however implemented traditional left-wing policies in welfare, education and healthcare partially repealing some of the market-reforms implemented in those sectors. Löscher also focused on promoting environmentalism and [[Euclea|Euclean]]-[[Coius|Coian]] relations. His government won re-election in 1995 again with a majority. The high economic growth meant Löscher cut taxes and raised spending during his government and purposefully encouraged the Weranian property bubble. His government also implemented innovative social legislation such as the legalisation of civil partnerships for same-sex couples in 1998 on a federal level. <br />
<br />
The SRPO government was widely expected to lose the 1999 election thanks to the resurgent [[National Consolidation Party]] on the right and the OSAI on the left under a new {{Wp|democratic socialism|democratic socialist}} leadership. This led NKP leader [[Edmund Blaurock]] to propose a series of right-wing policies prior to the election, believing despite their unpopularity that victory against the unpopular government would be relatively easy. Löscher as a result embarked on a vigorous campaign that saw the SRPO's polling numbers substantially using {{wp|negative campaigning}} to undermine Blaurock's message; as a result the SRPO in 1999 gained the same amount seats of the NKP and formed an unprecedented coalition of the SRPO, OSAI and Greens. <br />
<br />
The new government tacked further to the left implementing social-democratic policies and focusing on political and social reforms. However Löscher's attempts at triangulation, fatigue after over 12 years in government and the delicate ideological composition of the governing coalition meant that Löscher faced constant division from both the right and left of his party. In 2000 his old political patron Holzmeister launched an attempted leadership challenge against him; like Ostermann a decade earlier Löscher only won the challenge with the support of the SRPO's left who he had previously been opposed to. In 2003 the government was defeated by the NKP at the polls with Löscher retiring shortly afterwards. <br />
<br />
Since leaving politics Löscher works as an adviser to the [[Shangea|Shangean]] government on economic matters, a role that has garnered criticism from his peers. He also has advised parties within the [[Socialist Alternative for Euclea]] on {{wp|public relations}}. <br />
<br />
Löscher remains a controversial premier. Whilst lauded for his social reforms his government has been criticised for political opportunism. On foreign and economic affairs his legacy is especially mixed - whilst his government oversaw seven years of strong economic growth it has been criticised on the left for implementing overly-neoliberal policies whilst on the right bemoaned for failing to undertake more innovative economic reform. In foreign policy Löscher's promotion of close ties with Coian nations such as Shangea and [[Senria]] was controversial with supporters claiming it to be a shrewd, forward thinking policy whilst others see it as having appeased authoritarian or illiberal governments. <br />
{{Template:Premiers of Werania}}<br />
[[Category:Werania]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=National_Consolidation_Party&diff=769935National Consolidation Party2024-02-22T01:36:19Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{featured_article}}{{KylarisRecognitionArticle}}<br />
{{Infobox political party <br />
|name = National Consolidation Party<br>Nationale Konsolidierungspartei<br />
|name_native = <br />
|logo = [[File:NKP logo modern.png|250px]]<br />
|colorcode =#FF6A00<br />
|founder = [[Konstantin Vogel]]<br />
|slogan = [[Sotirianity|Gott]], {{wp|Heimat}}, {{wp|Liberty|Freiheit}}<br />
|merger = [[Liberal Democratic Party (Werania)|LDP]], [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Werania)|SDP]]<br />
|leader1_title = Federal President <br />
|leader1_name = [[Anton Raicevich]]<br />
|leader2_title = Vice-President<br />
|leader2_name = [[Andrea Däubler]]<br />
|leader3_title = Leader in the [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]]<br />
|leader3_name = [[Elisabeth Biedenkopf]]<br />
|leader4_title = Leader in the [[House of Councillors (Werania)|House of Councillors]]<br />
|leader4_name = [[Jakob Böckler]]<br />
|founded = 13<sup>th</sup> May 1954 <br />
|dissolved = <br />
|headquarters = 17 Jorganberg Road, Westbrucken, Werania<br />
|newspaper =<br />
|student_wing = <br />
|youth_wing = New Generation Forum<br />
|ideology = {{wp|Conservatism}}<br>{{wp|Christian Democracy|Sotirian democracy}}<br>{{wp|Economic liberalism}}<br />
|position = {{Wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}} to {{wp|right-wing}}<br />
|membership = 101,463{{increase}}<br />
| affiliation1_title = [[Euclean Parliament|Euclean parliamentary group]]<br />
| affiliation1 = [[Alliance of Conservatives and Democrats for Euclea]]<br />
| affiliation2_title = Euclean affiliation <br />
| affiliation2 = Party of Euclean Conservatives<br />
|colors = {{color box|#FF6A00}}{{color box|#073A76}} Orange, blue<br />
|seats1_title = [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies (Werania)]]<br />
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|244|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
|seats2_title = [[House of Councillors (Werania)|House of Councillors]]<br />
|seats2 ={{Composition bar|130|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
|seats3_title = {{Wp|Landtags}}/{{Wp|Seimas}}<br />
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|314|1067|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
|seats4_title = Minister-Presidents<br />
|seats4 ={{Composition bar|5|11|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
|seats5_title = [[Euclean Parliament]]<br />
|seats5 ={{Composition bar|42|118|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
|flag = <br />
|symbol = <br />
|website = <br />
|country = Werania<br />
}}<br />
The '''National Consolidation Party''' (''{{wp|German language|Weranian}}'': '''Nationale Konsolidierungspartei''') commonly abbreviated to the '''NKP''' is a {{wp|Conservatism|conservative}} political party in [[Werania]]. It is currently the largest party in the country with a majority in both houses of the Bundestag. <br />
<br />
Formed in 1957 as a merger of {{wp|Criticisms of socialism|anti-socialist}} political parties with the intention to represent the {{wp|right-wing}} of the political spectrum, the NKP under [[Konstantin Vogel]] firmly established itself as the main party operating within an asymmetric two-party system with the NKP competing with a range of left-wing opposition parties. The NKP served in government from its foundation in 1955 to 1983 serving under a total of seven premiers. It remains the longest stint in power of a single party in Weranian history. <br />
<br />
In 1983 after economic difficulties the NKP would enter opposition for a 20 year period as it became the rival of the governing party, the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]]. During this period in opposition the NKP would become incredibly divided between its traditional {{wp|Christian Democracy|Sotirian democratic}} faction and a {{wp|new right}} faction focused more on {{wp|right-wing populism}} and {{wp|economic liberalism}}. In 2003 the NKP under moderate leader [[Sotirian Lowenstein]] led the NKP to a victory against the SRPO. Lowenstein implemented conservative fiscal policies, privatising industry and reinvesting it into supporting tech startups. Dealing with economic collapse in 2005 Lowenstein implemented austerity policies avoiding a bailout from the Euclean Community. In 2007 he led the NKP to a coalition government where Lowenstein supported Euclean integration and greater fiscal liberalisation. Resigning in 2009, his successor [[Dietrich Wittmann]] was unable to gain re-election placing it back into opposition. <br />
<br />
In 2015 [[Otto von Hößlin]] became NKP leader. He has under the influence of deputy leader [[Jörg Bullmann]] moved the party to the populist right, supporting {{Wp|economic nationalism}}, {{wp|social conservatism}} and {{wp|Euroscepticism#Soft_Euroscepticism|soft-Euclescepticism}}. In 2019 the party became the largest in the House of Deputies and is expected to form the next government of Werania. In 2022 [[Anton Raicevich]] became leader and in [[2023 Weranian federal election|2023]] led the party to a majority government. <br />
<br />
The NKP is a member of the Party of Euclean Conservatives, a member party of the [[Alliance of Conservatives and Democrats for Euclea]]. A centre-right party, the NKP is seen as more socially conservative and economically interventionist than other parties within the ACDE. <br />
==History==<br />
===Formation===<br />
The NKP was founded as a merger of the [[Liberal Democratic Party (Werania)|Liberal Democratic Party]] (LDP) and the [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Werania)|Sotirian Democratic Party]] (SDP) in 1957 by SDP Chairman and [[Premier of Werania|Premier]] [[Konstantin Vogel]]. Between 1942 to 1950 the [[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|Catholic Social Party]], [[National Liberal Party (Werania)|National Liberal Party]] and [[Centre Party (Werania)|Centre Party]] had governed the country as part of the [[Fatherland Bloc]]. The bloc during the 1940's became increasingly authoritarian as a result of the [[Valduvian-Weranian War]] that saw a destabilisation of the state culminating in the failed [[Colonels putsch]] and the break up of the Fatherland Bloc. The progressive, anti-war of the bloc formed the SDP which claimed to represent a break from the opd conservative parties.<br />
<br />
The 1950 election saw the KSP, NLP and ZP collapse as the SFP formed the Tripartite coalition with the {{Wp|centre-left}} [[Social Democratic Party of Werania]] (SPO) and the [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]] (OSAI). Subsequently the KSP and the NLP formed the LDP to represent a more conservative stance then the now ascendent SDP.<br />
[[File:217D5276-6300-4F14-B2F9-CAC5EBF62CDB.jpeg|thumb|left|250px|[[Konstantin Vogel]] (left) and [[Sigmar Welskopf-Henrich]] (right) two founders of the NKP and later premiers pictured in 1962.]]<br />
The Tripartite government commanded large majorities in the 1950 and 1953 elections implementing several progressive reforms as well as leading Werania into the [[Euclean Community]]. However the government suffered from internal tensions due to the alliance of urban socialists with rural conservative Catholics. In 1955 [[Konstantin Vogel]] - an outspoken critic of the tripartite government - became SDP leader. Legislation to increase trade union influence in the economy gave the SDP pretext to end the coalition leading to a {{wp|vote of no confidence}} in the government that passed. The subsequent election saw the right wing parties of the SDP and LDP gain a majority confirming Vogel as premier. <br />
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Vogel's SDP-LDP government implemented moderate policies, creating a {{wp|social market economy}} based on the doctrine of Catholic social teachings. The new government followed a mostly {{wp|Keynesian economics|demand-side economics}} with an active fiscal and monetary policy ensuring there was low unemployment, moderate {{wp|inflation}}, an expansion of the {{Wp|welfare state}}, the maintenance of the {{Wp|nationalisation|nationalised}} {{Wp|natural monopolies}} from the Tripartite government and income redistribution through public works projects. Nevertheless the government did still pursue some traditional conservative policies such as privatising state-owned breweries. As well as this the government encouraged the growth of ''[[Großkombinat]]s'', large business {{wp|Conglomerate (company)|conglomerates}} that were supported by state-intervention thanks to the nationalisation of banks by the Tripartite governments. <br />
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In the runup to the 1959 there were concerns of OSAI becoming the largest party and possibly forming a government with the SPO. Amongst the two coalition parties there was a feeling that the decline in both monarchist conservatism and classical liberalism meant the three parties increasingly came to resemble each other supporting Weranic nationalism, free-market economics and Catholic social values. As such in 1957 Vogel alongside LDP leader [[Ludwig Stadtbäumer]] announced the creation of the National Consolidation Party which would be a "big-tent" party representative of right-wing politics in Werania. In order to allow a constant rotation amongst the leadership of the constituent parties the NKP adopted a three-year term for federal president with re-election allowed only once. The NKP subsequently formed a close relationship with the Solarian Catholic church, Catholic {{wp|trade union}}s, ''großkombinat's'' and ''{{wp|Mittelstand|mittelstand's}}'' in order to boost its outreach to the electorate gathering supporters from all economic and social backgrounds.<br />
<br />
===Party of power===<br />
The NKP in its first election in 1959 scored a decisive victory getting 302 of 586 seats enabling it to govern with a majority. Like the preceding National Bloc the NKP benefited from divisions in the left with the OSAI, SPO and [[Radical Party (Werania)|Radical Party]] often competing for votes. As well as that parties to the right of the NKP such as the ORP and OBb were seen as being {{wp|far-right}} in character meaning that the NKP was able to present itself as the only credible non-socialist political force in the country.<br />
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The party's big-tent nature meant it primarily promoted centre-right policies with former KSP parliamentarians becoming the dominant tendency. Nevertheless the party still exhibited ideological diversity particularly on the issue of the [[Euclean Community]], ranging from pro-EC {{wp|European federalism|federalists}} to proponents of {{Wp|souverainism}}. Vogel, a moderate pro-Eucleanist, focused on sound economic management through a promotion of private enterprise and competition between Euclean nations. <br />
[[File:Wiefelspütz 1967 election.jpeg|thumb|right|NKP leader [[Rudolf Wiefelspütz]] celebrating the results of the 1967 election.]]<br />
In 1960 Vogel announced his retirement from politics preceding elections that year after developing early signs of {{Wp|lung cancer}}. His successor was [[August von Münstermann]] who shared much of his centre-right positions declaring the party stood against the "''revolutionary radicalism''" of the OSAI and SPO. However whilst the 1960's were marked by economic prosperity there were shifts in social attitudes with the rise of {{Wp|second-wave feminism}}, the {{wp|new left}} and immigration from former Euclean colonies. The NKP was largely unresponsive to these social changes shifting to a gradual loss of support. As such in 1966 the NKP lost its majority in the Reichstag getting only 292 seats, albeit remaining the largest party by a large margin (the second ranked party, the OSAI, gained only 169 seats). Although the NKP could've formed a majority government with the SPO party leaders refused this possibility with NKP Finance Minister [[Sigmar Welskopf-Henrich]] declaring that the NKP "''doesn't do coalitions''". As such the NKP agreed to a minority government with the [[Sotirian Democratic Homeland]] with von Münstermann continuing his role as premier. He resigned after declining to run for re-election for NKP president and replaced with [[Rudolf Wiefelspütz]].<br />
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Prior to the 1966 election economic growth stalled leading to Wiefelspütz to cut public expenditure. Wiefelspütz was seen as a technocratic figure with the government being re-elected in 1966 but his weak health meant he resigned in 1969 being replaced by Welskopf-Henrich.<br />
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At the 1970 election the NKP under Welskopf-Henrich secured re-election despite Welskopf-Henrich's wooden personality. Welskopf-Henrich continued moderately progressive social reforms whilst co-currently implementing budget cuts and reducing some of the welfare programmes started by the previous government, in line with policies pursued by previous NKP governments. The NKP remained popular thanks to dizzying economic growth due to the continued rise of großkombinat's, which accounted for over three-quarters of national output with many expanding further into other industries fuelled by state support due to loans given out by state-owned banks. <br />
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Welskopf-Henrich was premier during the 1972 student protests which started due to the government's controversial control over university curriculum's. The protests eventually became a broader movement for social justice and economic equality with the Amalgamated Federation of Trade Unions holding a {{Wp|Wildcat strike action|wildcat}} {{Wp|general strike}} over the government's control over the upper echelons of the trade union movement. The country briefly came to an economic standstill with the government fearing revolution; as a result Welskopf-Henrich resigned as premier whilst calling a snap election. His successor was [[Renatas Vinkauskas]] who became the NKP's first [[Ruttland|Ruttish]] leade and premier. Calling on the "''{{wp|silent majority}} to vote against socialism''" Vinkauskas led the NKP a large electoral victory an effort largely seen as down to Vinkauskas's personal popularity and much of the electorate voting against the instability the protests had caused. <br />
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A member of the NKP social Sotirian faction, Vinkauskas was credited with creating a dialogue with trade unions and student groups following the protests. A charismatic politician known for his wide factional support Vinkauskas attempted to present himself as a moderniser heardling a move towards {{wp|liberal conservatism}}. Vinkauskas modernised the party's electoral apparatus, using television extensively crafting an image of himself as a modern leader who focused on long term development.<br />
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As premier Vinkauskas attempted to oversee large infrastructure projects, most ambitiously aiming to oversee a decline in the power of Großkombinats in favour of mittelstand's, the traditional backbone of Weranian industry. However under his premiership the economy continued to record solid growth due to the continued aggressive expansion of the großkombinat's, despite economic slowdowns in [[Senria]] and other parts of Euclea. In order to avoid recession Vinkauskas's government responded with implementing more comprehensive incomes policy and cutting public service wages, leading to tensions between the NKP and its traditional trade union partner, the Confederation of Catholic Labour. This policy was at the time hailed by economists who credited the strong output of großkombinat's as saving the Weranian economy, but was later seen as flawed as it stunted domestic consumption leading to the großkombinat's to incur far higher debt through borrowing. <br />
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F050938-0023, Bonn, Tagung CDU-Bundesausschuss, Tindemans.jpg|thumb|200px|left|[[Renatas Vinkauskas]] served as NKP leader and premier from 1972-1980, leading the NKP to its greatest electoral success in 1972 but also its first loss in 1980.]]<br />
In 1976 the NKP once again secured a majority government. However several factors would lead to the NKP to enter a decline over the 1976-1980 term. Patronage politics had led to several voters to desert the NKP whilst the emergence of centrist forces such as the PMZ would present an attractive alternative to what was seen as an increasingly right-wing NKP. Most damaging was the merger of the SPO and the RP into the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]] (SRPO) in 1977 which emerged as the first big tent centre-left party in the country's history. <br />
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In 1979 the Steinman Scandal had broken out which saw the NKP accused of soliciting favours from the Steinman großkombinat through an illegal {{wp|slush fund}} that funnelled Steinman donations to the party.<br />
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In 1980 as the balance of payments crisis worsened Vinkauskas made the decision to revalue the Reichsmark which incurred a loss of popularity for the NKP. The devaluation of the Reichsmark helped lead to the {{wp|Economic bubble|bubble}} of constant mergers and acquisitions by the großkombinat's to burst when the fourth largest company in Werania, the Einem Group, to file for bankruptcy. The großkombinat's debts were not only to state industrial banks but also to independent banks and their own financial services subsidiaries. The scale of the loan defaults meant that banks could neither foreclose nor write off bad loans without themselves collapsing, so the failure to service these debts quickly caused a systemic banking crisis leading to the Weranian government had to pump billions into banks and take a loan from the [[Global Institute of Fiscal Affairs]], seen as a humiliation by large swathes of the population. <br />
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Loans from foreign banks meant that Vinkauskas was forced to cut public spending to deal with the recession, most notably slashing agricultural subsidies as well as undertaking a substantial devaluation of the Reichsmark. As well as this Vinkauskas was seen as uncharismatic and confrontational to trade unions, leading to more frequent strikes and economic disruption during the early 1980's. <br />
<br />
The Steinman scandal combined with the economic crisis led to a collapse in support for the NKP and led to 32 of the party's deputies to form a new {{Wp|Liberal conservatism|liberal conservative}} party, the [[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|Modern Centre Party]]. <br />
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The emergence of SRPO leader [[Ludolf Ostermann]] saw the NKP increasingly regarded as a party of old men out of touch with younger voters who had led to a historic mismanagement of the economy and sold Werania out to the GIFA. In the 1980 election the NKP remained the largest party with 196 seats whilst the SRPO overtook the OSAI for the second time as the second largest party, with the two parties together getting the best result ever for the Weranic left since the {{wp|popular front}} took power in 1918. As a result of the NKP losing its majority Ostermann formed a left-wing coalition between the SRPO and the OSAI putting the NKP into opposition for the first time since its creation.<br />
<br />
===Wilderness years===<br />
The failure of the NKP to present a credible and attractive alternative to the left caused many younger members of the party to start to challenge the ideological orthodoxy of the party with Sotirian democracy, agrarian populism and pork-barrel politics becoming increasingly unpopular. {{wp|Neoliberalism|Neoliberal}} economics and {{Wp|populism|populist}} {{Wp|nationalism}} became popular amongst party activists who advocated a radical shift from the old consensus driven, centrist Sotirian democracy to a more {{Wp|populism|populist}}, {{Wp|free market}} direction. These activists believed the old system of nationalisation, strong labour unions, heavy regulation, high taxes, and a generous welfare state had led to Werania's economic malaise, recommending instead a programme of {{wp|privatisation}}, {{wp|deregulation}} and a reduction of trade union power being inspired by [[Patrica Flowers]] in [[Caldia]]. This faction was known as the ''neue rechte'' ({{Wp|new right}}) with proponents within the party including [[Egon Geisel]], [[Oskar Schweidnitz]] [[Elisabeth von Neudeck]] and [[Dietrich Wittmann]] who became known as the "[[Gang of Four (Werania)|Gang of Four]]". <br />
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Prior to the 1981 NKP conference the gang of four plotted to forward a {{Wp|vote of no confidence}} towards Vinkauskas's leadership with the intention of putting forward Geisel as party leader. Unwilling to allow the ''neue rechte'' to dominate the party Vinkauskas unexpectedly announced he would not run for another term as NKP president prior to the conference recommending his deputy [[Maximilian Frommel]] as leader. Enraged that Vinkauskas avoided a no confidence vote Geisel, Schweidnitz and von Neudeck alongside several other ''neue rechte'' deputies split from the party forming the [[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]] (DA). The DA soon became popular with voters concerned about rising immigration and deeper Euclean integration as well as arousing the approval of the business community who wished for an economically liberal but anti-trade union party. Concerns were raised surrounding Frommel, who was seen as an {{Wp|apparatchik}} with little charisma or vision. Unbeknownst at the time was that Frommel was suffering from cancer which resulted in him to limit his public appearances which created an image of him as being aloof and out of touch. As well as this, the NKP's political machine - which had been adept at acting as a locus for matching interest group money and votes with bureaucratic power and expertise - weakened due to being in opposition.<br />
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Frommel like his predecessors as leader was a pro-business conservative representing continuity within the NKP and as such initiated no major policy differences. In opposition Frommel advocated a relatively passive strategy believing the traditional divisions of the left would discredit the Ostermann government and that voters would quickly return to the NKP. In 1982 after facing severe economic problems the SRPO-OSAI government abandoned its radical {{Wp|socialism|socialist}} programme and adopted free-market policies at the insistence of the Euclean Community. This led to a large decline in support for the government leading to Frommel at the 1984 NKP party conference to declare for the party to "''ready itself for government''". However this looked unlikely as the split with the DA had resulted in approval for the NKP sharply declining hurting its image as a safe pair of hands for government and the economy.<br />
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F054634-0014, Ludwigshafen, CDU-Bundesparteitag, von Weizsäcker.jpg|[[Adolf Stahl]] (left) would lead the NKP briefly into government from 1987 to 1991.|thumb|250px|right]]<br />
An uptick in the economic situation and perceptions that the NKP was a divided party that stood for few core principles meant that in the 1984 election the SRPO was elected to a record second term in government. The NKP suffered a catastrophic result falling from 202 to 108 seats, easily its worst result up until that point attaining the second most amount of seats for the first time in its history. Many NKP seats went to the DA which debuted with 78 seats along with the Ruttish [[Sotirian Democratic Homeland]] which gained 36 seats. As a result of the terrible result Frommel resigned from the party leadership and politics in general. The 1984 leadership election was seen as a defining one for the party as the centre-right candidate [[Adolf Stahl]] faced off the ''neue rechte'' and former gang of four member Dietrich Wittmann for the leadership. By a narrow vote Stahl won.<br />
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The government formed after the 1984 election was a coalition between the SRPO and the [[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|Modern Centre Party]]. The new government would subsequently begin to promote a radical programme of reform supporting {{wp|social liberalism|social}} and {{Wp|economic liberalism}}. This led to several progressive social reforms such as the legislation of homosexuality and divorce and economic reforms in the form of {{Wp|privatisation}} and {{wp|deregulation}} particularly in the public sector. The new government saw a shift of economic power from {{Wp|state-owned enterprise}}s and the großkombinat's towards mittelstands and other {{wp|small and medium-sized enterprises}} (SME's). These measures were seen as highly reformatory to the Werania the NKP led prompting discussion within the party of the direction forward following the 1984 result.<br />
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Stahl started the process of party modernisation mainly with an overhaul of party financing and its ability to reach voters as well as setting up an array of {{wp|think tank}}s to support the party's ability to formulate new policies. However the issue of whether to accept coalition government remained divisive within the party with the old guard refusing to accept the idea on principle. In 1986 Blaurock announced that in the next election the NKP would be willing to offer coalition agreements with "''likeminded parties'' if the NKP attained less then 200 seats heralding a major shift in NKP policy. <br />
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In 1987 the SRPO and PMZ government fell apart over differences in economic policy. Discontent with the government led to an uptick in support for the NKP which emerged as the lagrest party. The NKP however did not secure a majority and despite getting over 200 seats Stahl elected to form<br />
a coaltion with the PMZ. This move was incredibly controversial and the government was plagued with factional disputes. The NKP-PMZ government continued economic reform but in contrast to the SRPO led government introduced austerity and attempted to implement union busting and right to work legislation. As a result they quickly became unpopular and the NKP suffered a defeat at the 1991 elections to the SRPO led by [[Wolfgang Löscher]]. Stahl resigned as leader and was replaced by Edmund Blaurock.<br />
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Although being associated with the old guard of the party Blaurock recognised that the NKP needed to reinvent itself if it was to credibly challenge the SRPO and maintain its position as the leading party of the right over the DA. Blaurock also recognised that the party was seen by voters as being out of touch with modern Werania and that it appealed solely to rural, conservative Catholics. Blaurock started the process of party modernisation mainly with an overhaul of party financing and its ability to reach voters as well as setting up an array of {{wp|think tank}}s to support the party's ability to formulate new policies. Nevertheless the NKP was unable to win the 1995 election due to the excellent economic conditions at the time with the SRPO government of Wolfgang Löscher being re-elected. <br />
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Following the 1995 election Blaurock committed several institutional reforms within the party instituting an age limit of 75 for parliamentary candidates and promoting more women within the parliamentary party. Blaurock also abolished term limits for the NKP president to give stability to the post of leader. Blaurock also shifted the party to the right, promoting a more stringent form of {{Wp|economic liberalism}} declaring upon his election that "''{{Wp|there is no alternative}} to an economic based on entirely free-market principles''" whilst also differentiating the NKP from the SRPO-led government by promoting an explicitly souverainist policy regarding the Euclean Community. <br />
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The 1995-1999 legislature saw Blaurock continue to modernise the party placing more power in its executive and reaching out to opposition parties such as the SDT and the DA which were seen as potential coalition partners. In the runup to the 1999 election the NKP were confident they would become the largest party and form government for the first time since 1979. Blaurock's campaign as such in February 1999 unveiled an extremely right-wing programme that called for amongst other things rescinding many labour protections, restricting the right to industrial action, implementation of a {{wp|flat tax}} and raising {{wp|value added tax|VAT}}. These proposals led to Löscher to embark on a vigorous campaign painting the NKP as a party that was solely supported by the wealthy, running a {{wp|negative campaign}} that also portrayed Blaurock as a weak and indecisive leader. As a result of the right-wing proposals and the negative campaigning by the SRPO the NKP's polling lead narrowed as the SRPO regained lost support. Although the NKP would get the most amount of votes their seat count - 187 - was exactly the same as the SRPO who formed a coalition with the OSAI. As a result Blaurock resigned as party leader in 2001 stating two electoral losses meant "''it is clear that I do not hold the support of the Weranian people''" retiring from politics completely.<br />
[[File:Wulff Christian 6059.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Sotirian Lowenstein]] led the NKP to two election victories in 2003 and 2007.|left]]<br />
Following Blaurock's resignation party elites soon supported [[Sotirian Lowenstein]] for leader. Although never serving in the federal government Lowenstein had been the Minister-President of Roetenberg and was respected for his consensus driven style. He was elected unopposed as party leader representing a victory for the moderate wing of the party. <br />
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The SRPO-OSAI government during the early 2000's was marked by infighting and fatigue after 16 years of SRPO governance. The 2000 election saw the NKP achieve 240 seats due to the unpopularity of the centre-left coalition. Lowenstein formed a government with the Democratic Alternative party, marking the end of the NKP's 12 years in opposition and the first time the NKP formed a coalition government.<br />
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===Modern history===<br />
The Lowenstein government came to power under a context of healthy economic growth but a poor employment rate with Lowenstein declaring that conquering unemployment would be the government's priority. Lowenstein himself was seen as {{Wp|fiscal conservatism|fiscally conservative}} supporting a restraint on public expenditure and tax cuts whilst also being socially conservative. However Lowenstein was also seen as being pro-Euclean supporting deeper integration in contrast to his DA coalition allies. <br />
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Upon coming to power Lowenstein implemented a programme of tax cuts and a raise in public expenditure due to the budget surplus left by the prior government. The government also lessened some of the liberal policies of the previous government tightening drug laws and implementing tough new laws regarding immigration, with the system being transformed into a skills based points system for non-EC migrants. The government also slashed the {{wp|capital gains tax}} in 2000 leading to a housing boom. In the initial years of Lowenstein government the NKP benefited from good polling and the weak state of the opposition, but tensions over Euclean policy mounted with the DA coalition partners. In 2004 DA leader and Finance Minister [[Egon Geisel]] unexpectedly announced he would resign from government and withdraw the DA from the coalition agreement. A large amount of the DA disagreed with this proposal with Health Minister [[Theodore Goetzberger]] and the more centre-right faction of the party staying in government as part of the [[Reform Conservatives Party]]. During his preimiership Lowenstein built a close relationship with her [[Gaullica|Gaullican]] counterpart, [[Alexandre Lévesque]].<br />
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In 2005 at the start of the global financial crisis Werania's economy entered a severe recession with the collapse of the Stiemark Investment and Savings Bank and the bursting of the housing market bubble resulting in sales and property values collapsing. As a result of the recession the government in 2005 announced a 2 year unlimited guarantee of all debt for 4 leading banks, with the debts totalling €700 billion at the start of the guarantee. To ensure it could take on such debts, the government announced severe cuts to education, healthcare, defence, welfare and pensions as well as reversing income tax cuts and beginning to run a deficit. These measures were unpopular with the NKP's support dissipating and anti-austerity protests being held around the country. The economic situation worsened as the government refused to apply for a bailout from the EC. <br />
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In the 2007 election the NKP again came first with 215 seats whilst radical parties on the right and left rose in seats. The NKP formed a coalition with the RKP and the SDT continuing a programme of austerity to prevent any need for a bailout from the EC.<br />
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In 2009 Lowenstein decided not to run for another term as NKP leader and thereby premier. The party as such elected finance minister [[Dietrich Wittmann]] as his successor. Although formally a major figure in the ''neue rechte'' faction Wittmann since shifted to a more moderate position albeit still being a strong advocate of further economic liberalisation. His government continued austerity measures but without the popular figure of Lowenstein the reforms were seen as increasingly unfair with the NKP losing popularity. Wittmann was unable to revive the party's electoral fortunes and they were heavily defeated in the election although Schaefer stayed on as leader. <br />
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In opposition the new leader Gustav Schaefer attempted to present the NKP as a "''party of the progressive centre-right''" whilst continuing to support austerity policies in order to maintain fiscal credibility to the Euclean Community .He emphasised the party's fiscal responsibility against the SRPO-PMZ coalition whom he accused of "''reckless tax and spend''" policies urging fiscal restraint. The party also became more overtly Euclesceptic with Schaefer declaring that he would hold a referendum on the Euclo if Werania was forced to finance a bailout for countries such as [[Amathia]]. <br />
[[File:President Emmanuel Macron at the 59th MSC, Munich, 2023-02-17.jpg|thumb|[[Anton Raicevich]] led the NKP to a majority government in the [[2023 Weranian federal election]].]]<br />
Schaefer had been the Minister-President of Wolfsfled and as a result concentrated power amongst his colleagues from his time in Wolfsfled, leading to much of the party to actively agitate against his leadership, especially the party's conservative wing. Schaefer was unable to increase support for the NKP especially following the Kleinmann Affair where Schaefer was accused of taking undisclosed political donations from the construction company Kleinmann. At the 2013 House of Councillors elections - considered a barometer for public support - the NKP saw only marginal gains compared to the 2009 election. Under Schaefer the NKP opposed the legislation of same-sex marriage. <br />
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Nevertheless an unpopular pension reform plan by the SRPO-PMZ government in 2014 saw the NKP regain their place in the polls leading to the SRPO to oust their leader and premier [[Emilia Koopmann]] and replace her with [[Viktor Oberhauser]]. This led to the SRPO to regain their place in the polls getting 157 seats in the 2015 election with the NKP gaining only 9 seats at the election. Oberhauser formed a government with the PMZ whilst Schaefer tendered his resignation as party leader facing criticism from all quarters of the party. <br />
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Following Schaefer's resignation former Defence Minister [[Otto von Hößlin]] was elected as the NKP incumbent leader. Von Hößlin's leadership has seen a shift to {{Wp|right-wing populism|right-wing populist}} rhetoric calling for a more Euclesceptic foreign policy, tougher immigration policy and economic nationalist measures such as a promotion of Weranian goods, {{wp|welfare chauvinism}} and ending the neoliberal policies of the SRPO-PMZ-SDT government. Von Hößlin's leadership in opposition saw support for the NKP increase due to a rightward, Euclesceptic shift in Weranic public opinion partly in response to the unpopularity of the Oberhauser government. Much of the shift to the right was promoted by NKP deputy leader [[Jörg Bullmann]] who was close to the [[Etruria|Etrurian]] [[Tribune Movement]]. Von Hößlin was re-elected to the party leadership in 2018. <br />
<br />
The 2019 election saw the NKP attain 244 seats, the party's best result since mid-2000's. Von Hößlin form a coalition government with the Democratic Alternative with von Hößlin becoming the tenth NKP premier. The NKP-DA coalition had since coming to power largely focused on implementing tougher rules regarding immigration, liberalising sectors of the economy and expanding various welfare programmes. In 2022 von Hösslin resigned as premier being replaced by [[Anton Raicevich]]. In the [[2023 Weranian federal election]] the NKP won a majority government enabling them to form a single-party cabinet. <br />
<br />
==Ideology==<br />
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|caption1=Federal president [[Anton Raicevich]]<br />
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The National Consolidation Party is seen as a {{wp|big tent|catch-all}} party with it's traditional slogan - ''[[Sotirianity|Gott]], {{wp|Heimat}}, {{wp|Liberty|Freiheit}}'' - intending to exemplify it's fusion of {{wp|Christian democracy|Sotirian democracy}}, {{wp|nationalism}} and {{wp|liberalism}} into a single {{wp|conservatism|conservative}} party. The NKP was formed to represent the predominantly rural [[Solarian Catholic Church|Catholic]] community and as such adopted policies in spirit with Sotirian democratic and {{Wp|Agrarianism|agrarian}} philosophy. Over time it has developed into a {{Wp|centre-right}} {{Wp|Conservatism|conservative}} party supporting {{Wp|social conservatism}} and {{wp|economic liberalism}} although has more {{wp|liberal conservatism|liberal}} and {{wp|Economic interventionism|interventionist}} tendencies. The NKP is a strong proponent of {{Wp|Subsidiarity (Catholicism)|subsidiarity}}. <br />
<br />
On economic matters, the NKP is strongly influenced by {{wp|economic liberalism}}, being the main party responsible for the creation of Werania's {{Wp|social market economy}}. Prior the collapse of the großkombinat's in the 1970's the NKP strongly supported their development over mittelstands but by the 1990's has re-orientated to support a mix of large conglomerates and SME's. Since the 1980's the NKP has promoted {{wp|neoliberalism|neoliberal}} economic policies such as {{Wp|privatisation}} and {{Wp|deregulation}}. Generally the modern NKP's economic policies have been described as populist due to their support of low taxes and generous social spending despite a rhetorical commitment to small government. Since the 1990's the NKP have supported {{wp|supply-side economics}} seeing higher taxes on the wealthy as detrimental for economic growth. The NKP opposed the introduction of a federal {{wp|minimum wage}} and oppose further increases to it on the grounds it is bad for job creation. In recent years the NKP have spearheaded moves to introduce a {{wp|balanced budget amendment}} (''{{wp|Debt brake (Germany)|Schuldenbremse}}'') to the Weranian constitution. <br />
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On social policy, the NKP has been traditionally seen as conservative opposing legalised {{Wp|euthanasia}}, supporting greater restrictions on {{wp|abortion}}, favouring tight {{wp|immigration}} laws and supporting {{Wp|nationalism|nationalist}} policies. However, the NKP has generally been pragmatic in certain areas promising in the 2015 election not to amend the current laws surrounding abortion. <br />
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On foreign policy the NKP for much of its history has been moderately Euclesceptic party, with their position being described as supporting ''{{wp|Souverainism|souverainisme}}''. The NKP currently support reforming the [[Euclean Community]] to be more focused on economic rather than political integration. The party was split over the prospect of [[Etruria]] joining the bloc in 2016 with some factions supporting it's membership whilst others were strenuously opposed on financial grounds although the [[Etruria Euclean Community membership referendum, 2016|failure of the 2016 referendum]] made the debate within the party moot. The NKP has also traditionally supported close relations with [[Senria]] in [[Coius]] being strongly critical of [[Shangea]] and [[Dezevau]]. In the mid-20th century the NKP was more dovish towards [[Soravia]], but have increasingly taken a hardline anti-Soravian stance since the [[Sostava War]] when Werania supported the independence of Soravia's former constituent states. They strongly support increasing defence spending.<br />
<br />
The NKP see environmental regulations as a burden on the economy and support market based solutions to climate change. Although the NKP does support the validity of {{wp|climate change}} they are split on whether humans contribute to it with a significant amount being {{wp|climate change denial|climate change deniers}}. The NKP oppose a {{wp|carbon tax}} and other command and control methods of environmental regulation. The NKP support {{wp|Hydraulic fracturing|fracking}}. <br />
===Factions===<br />
Due to the nature of the NKP's creation - that of a merger of parties intending to represent the broad right-wing spectrum of Weranian politics - the party contains several informal ideological factions ranging from {{wp|liberalism|liberal}}s to {{wp|right-wing populism|populists}}. Factions tend to within them contain various ideological strands being organised by charismatic figures. Factions play a large role in the NKP's internal politics although their influence has weakened over time as the NKP has become more ideologically homogenous. <br />
*{{wp|Christian democracy|Sotirian democrats}} - the historically dominant faction of the party. They mainly consist of Sotirian democrats tracing their heritage to the [[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|Catholic Social Party]] and {{wp|Agrarianism|agrarianists}}. The mainstream conservatives traditionally opposed both free-market capitalism and socialism, instead promoting a "{{wp|social market economy}}" based on the principles of {{wp|sphere sovereignty}} and {{Wp|subsidiarity}}. In the 1980's they became more economically liberal and now are seen as supporting free-market economics and small government whilst maintaining a welfare state. Mainstream conservatives in the party tend to support the [[Euclean Community]] with a minority favouring Euclean federalism. Since the 2000's the mainstream conservatives influence has weakened in favour of the new right and populists and have increasingly transitioned to {{wp|liberal conservatism}} supporting a more conciliatory social policy whilst defending {{Wp|neoliberalism}}. Former premiers [[Konstantin Vogel]], [[Adolf Stahl]], [[Rudolf Wiefelspütz]], [[Johannes Zollitsch]] and [[Renatas Vinkauskas]] were from the mainline conservative faction although [[Sotirian Lowenstein]] was considered close to this faction. <br />
*{{wp|Traditionalist conservatism|Traditionalist conservatives}} - mainly descending from the [[Weranian Fatherland Party]]. Traditionalist conservatives tend to be extremely socially conservative and nationalist with some supporting völkisch politics. They also are opposed to the Euclean Community. The traditionalist conservatives largely declined in the 1970's with the right-wing of the NKP being supplanted by populists and the new right. Former premier [[Sigmar Welskopf-Henrich]] were from the conservative faction. <br />
*{{wp|Liberalism|Liberals}} - Historically coming from the [[National Liberal Party (Werania)|National Liberal Party]] they are considered the most pro-business faction and largely support {{Wp|economic liberalism}}, free trade, privatisation, individualism and {{wp|secularism}}. Liberals in the NKP are divided between {{wp|National liberalism|national liberals}} who support a more conservative form of {{Wp|cultural nationalism}}, {{Wp|Social liberalism|social liberals}} who support more liberal policies in the social sphere and {{wp|green liberalism}} and {{wp|neoliberalism|neoliberals}} who mainly focus on economic liberalism. Former premier [[August von Münstermann]] was from the liberal faction. <br />
*{{wp|Neoconservatives}} - the neoconservatives are characterised by support for free markets, financial discipline, firm control over public expenditure, tax cuts, Weranic nationalism, traditional values, privatisation, populism and hard Euclescepticism. They also support an interventionist policy abroad and are adamantly anti-socialist. The neoconservatives tend to be {{Wp|fiscal conservatism|fiscal conservatives}} supporting balanced budgets as well as low taxation. Although the neoconservative faction declined following the creation of the Democratic Alternative the rose to prominence during the 1990's particularly due to the decline of the liberal conservatives and Sotirian democrats. Premiers Sotirian Lowenstein, [[Dietrich Wittmann]] and incumbent [[Otto von Hößlin]] are most heavily associated with the neoconservatives. <br />
*{{wp|Populism|Populist}}s - emerging from the protectionist, populist tradition of the [[Rural Federation]] the populist faction has historically been the weakest. They tend to support forms of {{Wp|national conservatism|national conservatism}} and {{Wp|economic nationalism}}. They tend to be the most interventionist on economic issues being more critical of {{wp|economic liberalism}} then the other faction. The populists are also the most strongly anti-immigration heavily using nationalist rhetoric and also tend to be {{wp|Souverainism|souverainist}} supporting a "Euclea of nations". Of all the factions the populists are the strongest supporters of political reform. Incumbent premier [[Anton Raicevich]] comes from the populist faction with Johannes Zollitsch and Otto von Hösslin also being seen as close to this faction.<br />
<br />
==Organisation==<br />
{{Infobox political party<br />
| country = <br />
| name = State Lower House Seats<br />
| native_name = <br />
| colorcode = #FF6A00<br />
| seats1_title = [[Landtag of Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken|Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken]]<br />
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|30|105|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats2_title = [[Landtag of Cislania|Cislania]]<br />
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|82|202|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats3_title = [[Landtag of Elbenweis|Elbenweis]]<br />
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|26|95|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats4_title = [[Landtag of Kolreuth|Kolreuth]]<br />
| seats4 = {{Composition bar|5|48|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats6_title = [[Landtag of Prizen|Prizen]]<br />
| seats6 = {{Composition bar|38|113|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats7_title = [[Seimas of Ruttland|Ruttland]]<br />
| seats7 = {{Composition bar|11|125|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats8_title = [[Landtag of Rotenberg|Rotenberg]]<br />
| seats8 = {{Composition bar|51|121|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats9_title = [[Landtag of Westbrücken|Westbrücken]]<br />
| seats9 = {{Composition bar|8|83|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats10_title = [[Landtag of Wittislich|Wittislich]]<br />
| seats10 = {{Composition bar|22|35|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats11_title = [[Landtag of Wolfsfled|Wolfsfled]]<br />
| seats11 = {{Composition bar|42|101|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
}}<br />
The National Consolidation Party organises itself on a federal, provincial and municipal level running in every province. At the apex of the NKP's organisation its the party federal president. The NKP president when in government is the [[Premier of Werania|premier]] and when in opposition serves as the party's leader in the [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]]. The federal president is elected to three year terms, with the president having no term limits. If a president resigns a replacement is elected to serve the rest of their term.<br />
<br />
The other leaders in the party include the vice-president and the party's leaders in the [[House of Councillors (Werania)|House of Councillors]] and the House of Deputies. The party president is elected by the parliamentary party in the Bundestag through preference voting whenever a vacancy appears or if the party leader loses a {{Wp|vote of no confidence}}. <br />
<br />
The highest body in the NKP is the Federal Executive Committee (''Bundesvorstand''), which serves as the highest executive body in the NKP. The Bundesvorstand is made up of 20 voting members and 5 non-voting members and is elected by delegates at the annual party conference with the exception of the party president and vice-president who are ex-officio voting members.<br />
<br />
Unlike other parties such as the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]] the NKP has a relatively decentralised organisational structure with federal branches of the party having large degrees autonomy. The relatively diffuse origins of the NKP means the party's federal branches have strong ideological and personal rivalries. Party policy is made almost entirely by the parliamentary parties, not by the party's rank-and-file members, although NKP members do have a degree of influence over party policy within the federal conference. <br />
<br />
The key to the NKP's success is its highly developed network of patron-client relationships on both national and local levels. Within single member districts NKP representatives manage local support groups to keep in touch with public opinion and gain votes and financial backing. These local support groups often were connected to the Catholic Confederation of Labour, rural mutual aid groups and the Catholic Church enabling the party to act as a locus point for financial support and mobilisation of voters. Since the 1980's there has been a decline in these local support groups with the NKP's ability to utilise patronage and {{wp|pork barrel spending}} to farm votes being weakened. <br />
<br />
The NKP is a member of the [[Alliance of Conservatives and Democrats for Euclea]] joining the group in 1997 under [[Rasa Šimonytė]]. As of 2019 it is the largest party in the group holding 42 seats in the Euclean parliament. <br />
===Leaders===<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! No.<br />
! width=150|Name<br /><small>(Born–Died)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! colspan=2|Term in Office<br />
! Party leadership<br>elections<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 1<br />
| [[Konstantin Vogel]]<br /><small>(1898-1980)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Einde bezoek bondskanselier dr Ludwig Erhard en gaf persconferentie in het Haag, Bestanddeelnr 916-1332.jpg|60px]] || 13 May 1957 || 16 May 1960 || 1957<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 2<br />
| [[August von Münstermann]]<br /><small>(1902-1984)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Rudolf Wiefelspütz.jpg|60px]] || 16 May 1960 || 5 July 1963 || 1960<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 3<br />
| [[Rudolf Wiefelspütz]]<br /><small>(1892-1973)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Rudolf Wiefelspütz 1965.png|60px]] || 5 July 1963 || 22 April 1969 || 1963<br>1966<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 4<br />
| [[Sigmar Welskopf-Henrich]]<br /><small>(1902-1986)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F024017-0001, Oberhausen, CDU-Parteitag Rheinland, Kiesinger.jpg (cropped).jpg|60px]] || 22 July 1969 || 7 March 1972 || 1969<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 5<br />
| [[Renatas Vinkauskas]]<br /><small>(1922-2017)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F050938-0028, Bonn, Tagung CDU-Bundesausschuss, Tindemans.jpg|60px]] || 7 March 1972 || 30 June 1980 || 1972<br>1975<br>1978<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 6<br />
| [[Maximilian Frommel]]<br /><small>(1931-2016)</small> || [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F067146-0013, Lothar Späth.jpg|60px]] || 30 June 1980 || 4 July 1984 || 1980<br>1983<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 7<br />
| [[Adolf Stahl]]<br /><small>(1931-2016)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F040153-0028, Bonn, Pressekonferenz CDU-Vorstand, Weizsäcker.jpg|60px]] || 4 July 1984 || 17 October 1991 || 1984<br>1987<br>1990<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 8<br />
| [[Edmund Blaurock]]<br /><small>(1934-2003)</small> || [[File:Edmund Blaurock.jpg|60px]] || 17 October 1991 || 24 July 2000 || 1991<br>1994<br>1997<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 9<br />
| [[Sotirian Lowenstein]]<br /><small>(1954-)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:President Wulff.jpg|60px]] || 24 July 1997 || 12 July 2009 || 2000<br>2003<br>2006<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 10<br />
| [[Dietrich Wittmann]]<br /><small>(1946-)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Sommer 2008 Oberahornhütte 2967a.jpg|60px]] || 12 July 2009 || 8 July 2011 || 2009 <br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 11<br />
| [[Günter Schaefer]]<br /><small>(1956-)</small> || [[File:Christian Schmidt (51554749990) (cropped).jpg|60px]] || 24 July 2011 || 3 March 2016 || 2011<br>2014<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 12<br />
| [[Otto von Hößlin]]<br /><small>(1952-)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:2017-01-20 Horst Seehofer CSU 6527.JPG|60px]] || 3 March 2016 || 30 June 2022 || 2016<br>2019<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 14<br />
| [[Anton Raicevich]]<br /><small>(1979-)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Эммануэль Макрон (20-07-2018).jpg|60px]] || 30 June 2022 || Incumbent || [[2022 National Consolidation Party leadership election|2022]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Electoral results==<br />
===House of Deputies===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:16px;"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"| Election<br />
! colspan="5"| [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]]<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:30px;"| Rank<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:145px;"| Government<br />
! rowspan="2"| Leader<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Votes<br />
! style="width:45px;"| %<br />
! style="width:45px;"| ±pp<br />
! style="width:100px;"| Seats won<br />
! style="width:40px;"| +/−<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1959 Weranian federal election|1959]]<br />
| 9,536,815<br />
| 46.53%<br />
| ''New''<br />
| {{Composition bar|278|586|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 16<sup>1</sup><br />
| '''#1''' {{increase}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority government<br />
| [[Konstantin Vogel]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1963 Weranian federal election|1963]]<br />
| 9,429,683<br />
| 45.67%<br />
| -0.86%<br />
| {{Composition bar|296|602|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 18<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority government<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Rudolf Wiefelspütz]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1967 Weranian federal election|1967]]<br />
| 9,296,847<br />
| 44.64%<br />
| -1.03%<br />
| {{Composition bar|300|602|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 4<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority government<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1971 Weranian federal election|1971]]<br />
| 9,585,051<br />
| 44.33%<br />
| -0.31%<br />
| {{Composition bar|298|602|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 2<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority government<br />
| [[Sigmar Welskopf-Henrich]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1972 Weranian federal election|1972]]<br />
| 10,157,683<br />
| 46.82%<br />
| +2.49%<br />
| {{Composition bar|306|602|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 8<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Majority government<br />
|rowspan=2| [[Johannes Zollitsch]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1976 Weranian federal election|1976]]<br />
| 10,384,732<br />
| 43.28%<br />
| -3.54%<br />
| {{Composition bar|314|579|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 8<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Majority government<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1980 Weranian federal election|1980]]<br />
| 10,144,835<br />
| 41.63%<br />
| -1.65%<br />
| {{Composition bar|287|579|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 27<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority government<br />
|rowspan=2| [[Renatas Vinkauskas]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1984 Weranian federal election|1984]]<br />
| 7,126,832<br />
| 28.86%<br />
| -12.77%<br />
| {{Composition bar|196|579|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 91<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1988 Weranian federal election|1988]]<br />
| 6,448,392<br />
| 26.79%<br />
| -2.07%<br />
| {{Composition bar|108|598|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 88<br />
| #2 {{decrease}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| [[Maximilian Frommel]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1992 Weranian federal election|1992]]<br />
| 6,964,925<br />
| 29.58%<br />
| +2.79%<br />
| {{Composition bar|156|598|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 48<br />
| #2 {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government<br />
|[[Adolf Stahl]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1996 Weranian federal election|1996]]<br />
| 9,284,922<br />
| 32.94%<br />
| +3.36%<br />
| {{Composition bar|187|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 31<br />
| '''#1<sup>2</sup>'''{{increase}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
|rowspan=2| [[Edmund Blaurock]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1999 Weranian federal election|1999]]<br />
| 11,583,941<br />
| 40.21%<br />
| +7.27%<br />
| {{Composition bar|250|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 63<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2003 Weranian federal election|2003]]<br />
| 11,848,371<br />
| 38.46%<br />
| -1.75%<br />
| {{Composition bar|261|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 11<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government<br />
|rowspan=2| [[Sotirian Lowenstein]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2007 Weranian federal election|2007]]<br />
| 12,683,712<br />
| 34.22%<br />
| -4.24%<br />
| {{Composition bar|228|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}}33<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2011 Weranian federal election|2011]]<br />
| 9,174,932<br />
| 26.48%<br />
| -7.74%<br />
| {{Composition bar|135|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 80<br />
| #2 {{decrease}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| [[Dietrich Wittmann]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2015 Weranian federal election|2015]]<br />
| 9,086,742<br />
| 26.85%<br />
| +0.37%<br />
| {{Composition bar|151|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 9<br />
| #2 {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| [[Günter Schaefer]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2019 Weranian federal election|2019]]<br />
| 13,257,365<br />
| 36.61%<br />
| +9.76%<br />
| {{Composition bar|253|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 102<br />
| '''#1''' {{increase}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government<br />
| [[Otto von Hößlin]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2023 Weranian federal election|2023]]<br />
| 13,758,503<br />
| 41.16%<br />
| +4.55%<br />
| {{Composition bar|300|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 47<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Majority government<br />
| [[Anton Raicevich]]<br />
|}<br />
<sup>1</sup>Compared to the [[1955 Weranian federal election|1955]] seats for the [[National Liberal Party (Werania)|NLP]], [[Conservative Party (Werania)|KP]] and the [[Catholic Social Party|KSP]].<br><sup>2</sup>Attained more votes then the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|SRPO]] but the same amount of seats.<br />
<br />
===House of Councillors===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:16px;"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"| Election<br />
! colspan="6"| [[House of Councillors (Werania)|House of Councillors]]<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:30px;"| Rank<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:145px;"| Status<br />
! rowspan="2"| Leader<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Votes<br />
! style="width:45px;"| %<br />
! style="width:45px;"| ±pp<br />
! style="width:100px;"| Contested seats<br />
! style="width:100px;"| Total seats<br />
! style="width:40px;"| +/−<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1989 Weranian House of Councillors election|1989]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| ''New''<br />
| {{Composition bar|86|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|86|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 86<br />
| '''#1''' {{increase}}<br />
| style="background:#ffffbd;"| Majority<br />
| [[Edmund Blaurock]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1993 Weranian House of Councillors election|1993]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|53|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|97|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 11<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#ffffbd;"| Majority<br />
| [[Edmund Blaurock]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1997 Weranian House of Councillors election|1997]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|68|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|121|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 24<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Majority<br />
|rowspan=3| [[Rasa Šimonytė]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2001 Weranian House of Councillors election|2001]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|50|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|118|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 3<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Majority<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2005 Weranian House of Councillors election|2005]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|32|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|82|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 36<br />
| #2 {{decrease}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2009 Weranian House of Councillors election|2009]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|37|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|69|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 13<br />
| #2 {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority<br />
| [[Dietrich Wittmann]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2013 Weranian House of Councillors election|2013]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|35|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|72|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 2<br />
| #2 {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Minority<br />
| [[Günter Schaefer]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2017 Weranian House of Councillors election|2017]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|74|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|104|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 37<br />
| '''#1''' {{increase}}<br />
| style="background:#ffffbd;"| Majority<br />
|rowspan=2| [[Otto von Hößlin]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2021 Weranian House of Councillors election|2021]]<br />
| 10,059,483<br />
| 41.53%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|67|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|130|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 12<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Majority<br />
|}<br />
==Logos==<br />
<gallery class="center"><br />
File:Old NKP logo2.png|1957-1989<br />
File:NKP logo 1990's.png|1989-2002<br />
File:NKP logo 2000s.png|2002-2018<br />
File:NKP logo.png|2018-2022<br />
File:NKP logo modern.png|2022-<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
{{Template:Political parties in Werania}}<br />
[[Category:Werania]][[Category:Kylaris Articles of Recognition]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=List_of_premiers_of_Werania&diff=769933List of premiers of Werania2024-02-22T01:15:20Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
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| footer = {{bulleted list<br />
|Top left: [[Ulrich von Bayrhoffer]] became the first premier of Werania in 1842 and the held the office on two separate occassions.<br />
|Top center: [[Otto Röttgen]] was premier from 1932 to 1937, leading the country through the Great War.<br />
|Top right: [[Renatas Vinkauskas]] was the first premier from [[Ruttland]].<br />
|Bottom left: [[Wolfgang Löscher]] was the longest serving premier serving from 1991 to 2003.<br />
|Bottom center: [[Emilia Koopmann]] was the first female premier.<br />
|Bottom right: [[Anton Raicevich]] is the incumbent premier.}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''[[Premier of Werania|Federal Premier of the Weranian Confederation]]''' ({{wp|German language|Weranian}}: '''Bundesministerpräsident der Ostischen Bund''') has been the {{wp|head of government}} of Werania since the unification of [[Werania]] in 1842. There has been 45 premiers since that date. The first Premier of Werania, [[Ulrich von Bayrhoffer]], was formerly the Minister-President of [[Cislania]] before becoming the first Weranian Premier. The Weranian Premier prior to the 1900's was able to govern solely with the consent of the monarch, with the inaugural monarch [[Rudolf VI of Werania|Rudolf VI]] controlling the nomination of the Premier. Since then the position has been solely responsible to the Bundestag completing a shift from a strong monarchy to a strong parliamentary system. <br />
<br />
The longest serving Premier is [[Rasa Šimonytė]] who served for 11 years, 11 months and 21 days from 1991 to 2003. The shortest serving Premier is [[Johannes von Günther]] who served for 2 months and 21 days in 1950. The current Premier is [[Anton Raicevich]] of the [[National Consolidation Party]] who has been in office since July 2022. <br />
<br />
There has been one female Premiers ([[Wolfgang Löscher]]) and two Ruttish ones ([[Ažuolas Kuzmickas]] and [[Renatas Vinkauskas]]). Two Premiers have died in office (the [[Franz Joseph, Prince of Oppolzer|Prince of Oppolzer]] and [[Xaver von Aehrenthal]]). Six Premiers have served non-consecutive terms (von Bayrhoffer, [[Ferdinand Karl von Schönborn-Buchheim]], [[Ludwig Gustav von Middendorff]], [[Joachim Schwarzenberg]], von Aehrenthal, [[Casper von Staffort]] and [[Walther von Pittermann]]). <br />
<br />
If the premier is incapacitated they are replaced with the vice-premier. If the vice-premier is also unavailable the monarch may pick a senior minister or legislator to serve as a caretaker until the Bundestag picks a permanent replacement for the premier. <br />
<br />
Since 1957, all premiers have come either from the [[National Consolidation Party]] or the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]]. <br />
==List==<br />
'''Political Parties:'''<br><br />
{{legend2|#dddddd|{{wp|Independent (politics)|Nonpartisan}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#48A5EE|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|Liberal Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#FAA61A|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|Catholic Social Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#a672a6|[[Radical Party (Werania)|Radicals]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#F0001C|[[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#ED1651|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#EB7A43|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Werania)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]}}<br>{{legend2|#FF6A00|[[National Consolidation Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#ED1651|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! {{Abbr|No.|Number}}<br />
! width=5%| Portrait<br />
! width=10%| Name<br />
! Took office<br />
! Left office<br />
! Days<br />
! Election<br />
! Political Party<br />
! [[List of heads of state of Werania|Monarch]]<br />{{small|(Reign)}}<br />
|-<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|1<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Hw-metternich.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Prince}}<br>[[Ulrich von Bayrhoffer]]<br/><small>(1786-1862)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1842<br />
|5<sup>th</sup> April 1845<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1842|03|17|1845|04|05}}<br />
| [[1843 Weranian federal election|1842]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|rowspan="5"| [[Rudolf VI of Werania|Rudolf VI]]<br />[[File:Rudolf VI.jpg|70px]]<br />{{small|(1845-1850)}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Considered to be one of the key figures behind the unification of Werania, von Bayrhoffer dominated the early politics of the new state mentoring Emperor Sigismund. In internal affairs he promoted conservative reforms, extending the suffrage in 1846 but strengthening the power of the monarchy. In international affairs he aligned with the {{Wp|Pan-Germanism|pan-Weranicists}} pursuing an aggressive policy in annexing smaller Weranic state. He was dismissed in 1845 due to his aggressive foreign policy being seen as threatening to the Weranian-Estmerish alliance.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#dddddd; color:white;" rowspan="2"|2<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Anton von Reuss.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|General officer|General}}<br>[[Anton von Reuss]]<br/><small>(1796-1861)<br />
|5<sup>th</sup> April 1845<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1848<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1845|04|05|1848|03|17}}<br />
| [[1846 Weranian federal election|1846]]<br />
|{{wp|Independent (politics)|Nonpartisan}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A war hero from the [[Weranian War for Unification]] von Reuss assembled a largely conservative cabinet, although continued to rely on the pan-Weranicists to govern. His government pursued a more peaceful and less aggressive foreign policy with Werania's neighbours, in particularly with Estmere. He resigned due to fustration with dealing with parliament.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#dddddd; color:white;" rowspan="2"|3<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bilderrevolution0237.jpg|80px]]<br />
| rowspan="2"|{{wp|Count}}<br>[[Ferdinand Karl von Schönborn-Buchheim]]<br/><small>(1805-1863)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1848<br />
|8<sup>th</sup> June 1850<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1848|03|17|1850|06|08}}<br />
| -<br />
|{{wp|Independent (politics)|Nonpartisan}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|{{small|Appointed following von Reuss's resignation von Schönborn-Buchheim continued his moderate policies. Following the coronation of Adalbert as head of state von Schönborn-Buchheim was forced to depart from the premiership as Adalbert, considered to be closer to the pan-Weranicists, brought back von Bayrhoffer.}}<br />
|rowspan="40"| [[Adalbert of Werania|Adalbert]]<br />[[File:War diary of an American woman to the proclamation of the holy war, 1914 (1915) (14593833329).jpg|70px]]<br />{{small|(1850-1913)}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(1)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Hw-metternich.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Prince}}<br>[[Ulrich von Bayrhoffer]]<br/><small>(1786-1862)<br />
|8<sup>th</sup> June 1850<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> May 1856<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1850|06|08|1856|05|24}}<br />
| [[1850 Weranian federal election|1850]], [[1855 Weranian federal election|1855]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Returning to office, von Bayrhoffer promoted an aggressive foreign policy and a renewal in pan-Weranic sentiments to deal with an increasingly radical opposition in the country. In 1852 he led Werania into the [[War of the Triple Alliance]] in an attempt to unify the Weranian lands of [[Valduvia]] into Werania. The resulting war was a victory for Werania which gained the Zinnbage basin and Ruttland from Valduvian. However von Bayrhoffer was forced to resign after a failed revolution by former Septemeberist leader Sebastian Mertz led to a collapse in support for his cabinet.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#dddddd; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(3)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bilderrevolution0237.jpg|80px]]<br />
| rowspan="2"|{{wp|Count}}<br>[[Ferdinand Karl von Schönborn-Buchheim]]<br/><small>(1805-1863)<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> May 1856<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> October 1860<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1856|05|24|1860|10|07}}<br />
| [[1859 Weranian federal election|1859]]<br />
| {{wp|Independent (politics)|Nonpartisan}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|{{small|Appointed following von Bayrhoffer's ousting, von Schönborn-Buchheim commanded little authority with Emperor Adalbert taking an increasing role in state governance. Von Schönborn-Buchheim resigned in 1860 following the failure of his budget to pass through the Bundestag.}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|4<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha - Project Gutenberg etext 13103.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{wp|Prince}}<br>[[Franz Joseph, Prince of Oppolzer]]<br/><small>(1810-1874)<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> October 1860<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> March 1869<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1860|10|07|1869|03|14}}<br />
| [[1863 Weranian federal election|1863]], [[1867 Weranian federal election|1867]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The Prince of Oppolzer significantly expanded the franchise and liberalised tariffs on various agricultural goods. In foreign policy he attempted to deepen an alliance between Werania and [[Etruria]] alongside being a staunch advocate for Weranian imperialism abroad. He died in office in 1869.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|5<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust 1860.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Earl}}<br>[[Ludwig Gustav von Middendorff]]<br/><small>(1816-1880)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> March 1869<br />
|26<sup>th</sup> June 1870<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1869|03|14|1870|06|26}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A member of the Weranic-Ruttish nobility von Middendorff's cabinet fell in 1869 when a proposal to extend the vote to the "respectable working class" led to heated opposition within the Bundestag.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|6<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Kolowrat.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{wp|Viscount}}<br>[[Johann Franz von Gieslingen]]<br/><small>(1819-1882)<br />
|26<sup>th</sup> June 1870<br />
|18<sup>th</sup> May 1872<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1870|06|26|1872|05|18}}<br />
| [[1871 Weranian federal election|1871]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Gieslingen increased tariffs during his term and sought to come to better relations with the church regarding funding for schools. His cabinet was dismissed in 1872 over differences with the monarch and a lack of parliamentary support.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(5)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust 1860.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Earl}}<br>[[Ludwig Gustav von Middendorff]]<br/><small>(1816-1880)<br />
|18<sup>th</sup> May 1872<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> August 1875<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1872|05|18|1875|08|24}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>In his second term von Middendorff expanded the voting franchise with parliamentary support as well as the approval of the imperial house. He also significantly increased Weranic interventionism abroad being seen as a "{{wp|liberal interventionist}}". He was dismissed by the monarch for his support for free trade in 1875.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|7<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Carl von In Der Maur.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Joachim Schwarzenberg]]<br/><small>(1820-1882)<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> August 1875<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> February 1876<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1875|08|24|1876|02|16}}<br />
| [[1875 Weranian federal election|1875]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Considered a "creature of the king" Schwarzenberg lost popularity and authority quickly in his term becoming dependent on the imperial house. He voluntarily resigned on the advice of his cabinet in 1875.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(5)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust 1860.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Earl}}<br>[[Ludwig Gustav von Middendorff]]<br/><small>(1816-1880)<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> February 1876<br />
|3<sup>th</sup> October 1876<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1876|02|16|1876|10|03}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Returning to power as the only candidate with a majority in the Bundestag von Middendorff focus on the brewing crisis in Ruttland in his tenure. His failure to address Ruttish nationalism and his proposal to extend further autonomy to Ruttland lost him the support of the monarch and resulted in his resignation.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|8<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:EduardTaaffe.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Duke}}<br>[[Xaver von Aehrenthal]]<br/><small>(1815-1886)<br />
|3<sup>th</sup> October 1876<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1878<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1876|10|03|1878|03|17}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Catholic}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Aehrenthal's government was considered to be that of moderate conservatism implementing various welfare policies and factory regulation to increase the support of the government amongst the working class. However von Aehrenthal was dismissed from office following the Jutenberg scandal.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|9<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:WP Agenor Goluchowski der Jüngere.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Nicolas von Rheingold]]<br/><small>(1820-1882)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1878<br />
|5<sup>th</sup> September 1879<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1878|03|17|1879|09|05}}<br />
| [[1879 Weranian federal election|1879]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Catholic}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Rheingold continued his predecessor's policies but was to be seen as a weak figure due to his reliance on the monarchy. The conservatives lost support in the 1879 election and after failing to come to an accord with the legislature von Rheingold resigned a year later.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|10<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Kazimierz Badeni.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Ažuolas Kuzmickas]]<br/><small>(1837-1892)<br />
|5<sup>th</sup> September 1879<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1882<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1879|09|05|1882|03|17}}<br />
| - <br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The first Ruttish Channcelor Kuzmickas spent the majority of his office concerned with the "Ruttish question" and relations with [[Soravia]]. In both fields he was reckoned to be unsuccessful and as such resigned in 1882.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|11<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Alfred Potocki.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Baron}}<br>[[Bartholomäus von Littrow]]<br/><small>(1841-1906)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1882<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> April 1887<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1882|03|17|1887|04|07}}<br />
| [[1883 Weranian federal election|1883]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Littrow enjoyed support from both the monarch and the Bundestag. Under von Littrow industrialisation programmes were expanded as were colonial incentives. A reform of the banking system under von Littrow led to Werania to help develop one of the largest banking sectors in the world after [[Gaullica]]. He resigned in 1887 after his ministry lost support over alleged financial corruption.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(8)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:EduardTaaffe.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Duke}}<br>[[Xaver von Aehrenthal]]<br/><small>(1815-1886)<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> April 1887<br />
|26<sup>th</sup> November 1890†<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1887|04|07|1890|11|26}}<br />
| [[1883 Weranian federal election|1887]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Catholic}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Returning to office in 1887, von Aehrenthal attempted to implement sound fiscal policies and expand Weranic colonial interests abroad, being considered close to the colonial lobby. These attempts led to colonial border conflicts with Estmere and Gaullica that were unresolved in his term. He died in office in 1890.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|12<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal cropped.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Prince}}<br>[[Adolf Ritter von Kral]]<br/><small>(1842-1914)<br />
|26<sup>th</sup> November 1890<br />
|20<sup>th</sup> August 1894<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1890|11|26|1894|08|20}}<br />
| [[1891 Weranian federal election|1891]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Catholic}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Kral's government was considered to favour policies advocating for a strong national defence and imperialism abroad and reactionary conservatism domestically, making his government popular to conservative elements. His anti-leftism however led to the 189193 general strike which only ended after Interior Minister [[Konrad von Höhnel]] and the monarch were able to broker a compromise; Von Kral never regained authority and resigned in 1892.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|13<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst - Die Gartenlaube (1894) 773.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Konrad von Höhnel]]<br/><small>(1852-1926)<br />
| 20<sup>th</sup> August 1894<br />
| 6<sup>th</sup> May 1900<br />
| {{Age in years, months and days|1894|08|20|1900|05|06}}<br />
| [[1895 Weranian federal election|1895]], [[1899 Weranian federal election|1899]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|{{small|Considered a moderate conservative, von Höhnel mainly focused on foreign affairs. His term as premier saw Werania attempt to form an alliance with [[Gaullica]] but opposition from conservative elements and Werania's longstanding commitments with Estmere meant this policy was unsuccessfult. In 1898 von Höhnel presided over a shift in the Weranian party system when he formed a coalition government between his own Liberal Party and the Catholic Party. He resigned in 1900.}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(14)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-2004-1110-500, Leopold Graf Berchtold.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Mathias von Steichen]]<br/><small>(1871-1937)<br />
|6<sup>th</sup> May 1900<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> May 1903<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1900|05|06|1903|05|14}}<br />
| - <br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A largely conservative figure, von Steichen struggled to lower tariffs on food imports for fear of splitting the conservative coalition. He instead attempted to further expand the empire, but this was controversial amongst sections of the electorate wary of foreign adventurism. Opposition to higher bread tariffs led to a conservative defeat in the 1903 election.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|15<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Henry Campbell-Bannerman photo.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Baron}}<br>[[Casper von Staffort]]<br/><small>(1868-1952)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> May 1903<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> June 1907<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1903|05|14|1907|06|07}}<br />
| [[1903 Weranian federal election|1903]]<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A radical from a prominent Neevish family von Staffort led the first true party cabinet which was made up of a majority of radical party deputies. He was most notable for his secular reform in 1906 which enforced laïcité in the public realm weakening the power of the church particularly in education. Von Staffort was defeated by a conservative coalition in the 1907 election.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|16<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Comte de Broqueville (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Erich von Schätzle]]<br/><small>(1866-1931)<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> June 1907<br />
|27<sup>th</sup> May 1911<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1907|06|07|1911|05|27}}<br />
| [[1907 Weranian federal election|1907]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Schätzle formed a centre-right coalition relying on support from the Liberals. Over von Schätzle's term he {{wp|privatised}} the previous government's industrial holdings.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(15)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Henry Campbell-Bannerman photo.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Baron}}<br>[[Casper von Staffort]]<br/><small>(1868-1952)<br />
|27<sup>th</sup> May 1911<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> March 1912<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1911|05|27|1912|03|04}}<br />
| [[1911 Weranian federal election|1911]]<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Returning the radicals to power in the 1911 election, von Satffort formed a coalition that relied on parliamentary support from the socialists. He died in office in 1911 after attempting to improve labour legislation.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|17<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-H28785, Dr. Eduard David.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Gustav Kroetz]]<br/><small>(1860-1924)<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> March 1912<br />
|11<sup>th</sup> August 1913<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1912|03|04|1913|08|11}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Kroetz promoted parliamentary reform and the expansion of workers' rights. The [[Great Collapse]] in led to a fall of his the government as the socialists refused to support his austerity budget.</small><br />
|rowspan="18"| [[Leopold IV of Werania|Leopold IV]]<br />[[File:Ferdinand Schmutzer - Franz Ferdinand von Österreich-Este, um 1914.jpg|70px]]<br />{{small|(1913-1936)}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|18<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk 1925.PNG|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Otto Röttgen]]<br/><small>(1872-1935)<br />
|11<sup>th</sup> August 1913<br />
|23<sup>rd</sup> April 1914<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1913|08|11|1914|04|23}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Heading a reduced minority government Röttgen had little control of his party and was unable to solve the economic crisis. The government as a reult lost the 1914 election.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|19<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1973-011-02, Wilhelm Marx.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Baron}}<br>[[Walther von Pittermann]]<br/><small>(1860-1924)<br />
|23<sup>rd</sup> April 1914<br />
|19<sup>th</sup> October 1916<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1914|04|23|1916|10|19}}<br />
| [[1914 Weranian federal election|1914]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Premier von Blumentritt formed a centre-right coalition with support from the Catholic Social and Liberal parties. The government promoted conservative fiscal policies in response to the Great Collapse but this led to the recession to become prolonged. His government was extremely unpopular when it proved unable to deal with the economic fallout of the Great Collapse and collapsed in 1916.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(16)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Comte de Broqueville (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Erich von Schätzle]]<br/><small>(1866-1931)<br />
|19<sup>th</sup> October 1916<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> June 1917<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1916|10|19|1917|06|04}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Returning to power von Schätzle focused on maintaining Weranian financial confidence and shoring up the currency. Although he successfully passed devaluation off the gold standard this led to the collapse of his popularity and forced his resignation.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|20<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1988-0113-500, Franz v. Papen (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Duke}}<br>[[Wilhelm von Kuehnelt]]<br/><small>(1871-1947)<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> June 1917<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> April 1920<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1917|06|04|1920|04|07}}<br />
| [[August 1918 Weranian federal election|August 1918]]<br>[[October 1918 Weranian federal election|October 1918]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Kuehnelt led a government that continued economic retrenchment in coalition with other centre-right forces. In 1918 the coalition won re-election but was riven by internal factionalism. In 1920 von Kuehnelt resigned after losing a budget vote.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(19)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1973-011-02, Wilhelm Marx.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Baron}}<br>[[Walther von Pittermann]]<br/><small>(1860-1924)<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> April 1920<br />
|30<sup>st</sup> March 1921<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1921|04|07|1922|03|30}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Returning to power heading a coalition with the NLP and Landbund von Pittermann mainly focused on improving the economy. Political polarisation led to the government to lose a budget vote in 1921 and as a result be decimated at the 1921 elections.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#F0001C; color:white;" rowspan="2"|21<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Albrecht Küchenthal.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Albrecht Küchenthal]]<br/><small>(1868-1952)<br />
|30<sup>st</sup> March 1921<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> December 1921<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1921|03|19|1921|12|16}}<br />
| [[1921 Weranian federal election|1921]]<br />
| style="background:#F0001C; color:white;"|[[Weranic Section of the Workers' International|{{color|white|OSAI}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The first socialist to take office, Küchenthal formed government with an alliance between OSAI and the Radicals under a "popular front" strategy. Reforms in labour and industry were pursued such as the introduction of a 40-hour workweek. As a response to the Valduvian Revolution the OSAI disintegrated over launching a similar revolution leading to Küchenthal to be dismissed after revolutionary violence threatened to occur in Werania.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|22<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Von Ratzinger suit.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Hermann von Ratzinger]]<br/><small>(1872-1933)<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> December 1921<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> September 1924<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1922|03|30|1924|09|24}}<br />
| [[1922 Weranian federal election|1922]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Governing with the Catholics and the Liberals with the support of the Federal Presidency, von Ratzinger was openly admiring of the work of the Gaullican functionalist regime and attempted to build a corporatist state in Werania whilst undertaking a foreign policy of {{Wp|appeasement}} towards Gaullica. His heavy handed approach to left agitation led von Ratzinger to be accused of dictatorial tendencies. In 1924 his government collapsed leading him to petition Leopold VI to dismantle the Bundestag and suspend the constitution but was rebuffed, resigning from office when a new government was formed.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|23<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Michael Hainisch (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{wp|Baron}}<br>[[Reinhold von Schönborn-Herz]]<br/><small>(1859-1934)<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> September 1924<br />
|8<sup>th</sup> June 1929<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1924|09|24|1929|06|8}}<br />
| [[1924 Weranian federal election|1924]]<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Schönborn-Herz led a coalition government of the [[Rural Federation]], the [[Liberal Party (Werania)|Liberals]], the [[Social Democratic Party of Werania|SPO]] and the [[Radical Party (Werania)|Radicals]] as a compromise candidate to both the Bundestag and the monarchy, sitting in the House of Lords rather than the House of Deputies. Von Schönborn-Herz was unable to solve Werania's recession and was accused of practicing {{wp|appeasement}} towards functionalist [[Gaullica]] albeit still defending Werania's alliances with Etruria and Estmere. Expected to resign in 1927 to call new elections von Schönborn-Herz froze his planned resignation due to the outbreak of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], However he was seen to mismanage the oversight of the war, resulting in him being forced resign after his health failed.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(18)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk 1925.PNG|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Otto Röttgen]]<br/><small>(1872-1935)<br />
|8<sup>th</sup> June 1929<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> Octobet 1937<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1929|06|08|1937|10|14}}<br />
| [[1935 Weranian federal election|1935]]<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Creating a {{wp|grand coalition}} of the [[Rural Federation|LB]], [[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|KSP]], [[Liberal Party (Werania)|Liberals]], [[Radical Party (Werania)|Radicals]] and [[Social Democratic Party of Werania|SPO]] Röttgen was appointed as part of the [[Leopoldism|Leopoldist movement]]. Considered to be an effective war leader rallying the population behind the war effort and stabilising the war situation, Röttgen worked closely with Leopold IV and Chief of Staffs [[Karl von Straußenburg]] and [[Rupprecht Bormann]] in coordinating Weranic forces on the field. Röttgen was the Weranic delegate at the ultimate peace conference for the war which earned him the moniker the "premier of Victory". He left office in 1937 heading a reduced coalition of the SPO, Radicals and NLP.</small><br />
|rowspan="8"| [[Maximilian III of Werania|Maximilian III]]<br />[[File:CarlosDeAustriaHungríaDeLutoB5103649T5103653.jpg|70px]]<br />{{small|(1936-1944)}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|24<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146III-105, Joseph Wirth.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Gustav Blumentritt]]<br/><small>(1896-1970)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> October 1937<br />
|25<sup>th</sup> March 1939<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1937|10|14|1939|03|25}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Blumentritt continued Röttgens centrist coalition where he continued to support post war reconstruction policies. However his government fell in 1939 when the social democrats withdrew from the government triggering a new election. </small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|25<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Jan Masaryk .jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Hans Doblhoff-Dier]]<br/><small>(1868-1952)<br />
|25<sup>th</sup> March 1939<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> June 1941†<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1939|03|25|1941|06|17}}<br />
| [[1939 Weranian federal election|1939]]<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Doblhoff-Dier continued the five-party government albeit under a centre-left slant. His government attempted to use economic interventionism to deal with the financial crisis but faced persistent economic decline. He was killed during the Höcker Putsch after being defenestrated by the [[Weranic Syndicalist Union]].</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|26<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Heinrich Held, 1933 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Adalbert Nischwitz]]<br/><small>(1868-1952)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> June 1941<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> May 1942<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1941|06|17|1942|05|04}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Putting down the Höcker Putsch Nischwitz continued the centrist coalition of the Radicals, SPO, NLP, KSP and Landbund. The government however continued to be unable to deal effectively with social and economic problems and fell in 1942 leading to elections that were won by the right.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|27<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Dietrich zu Kolbenheyer.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Dietrich zu Kolbenheyer]]<br/><small>(1882-1944)<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> May 1942<br />
|13<sup>th</sup> September 1945<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1942|05|04|1945|09|13}}<br />
| [[1942 Weranian federal election|1942]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br><small>[[Fatherland Bloc|{{color|white|Fatherland Bloc}}]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A member of the House of Lords zu Kolbenheyer led the "[[Fatherland Bloc]]" of the KSP, Landbund and NLP after being recommended by the monarch as the only candidate with broad support. His government was mainly remembered in participating in colonial conflict and growing isolation from Werania's Euclean allies, especially after responding poorly to the outbreak of the Solarian War. He retired in 1945.</small><br />
|rowspan="20"| [[Otto XI of Werania|Otto XI]]<br />[[File:Otto XI.jpg|70px]]<br />{{small|(1944-1985)}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|28<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Dr Rössler.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Franz Rössler]]<br/><small>(1894-1968)<br />
|13<sup>th</sup> September 1945<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> May 1950<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1945|09|13|1950|05|17}}<br />
| [[1946 Weranian federal election|1946]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br><small>[[Fatherland Bloc|{{color|white|Fatherland Bloc}}]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Continuing the composition of the previous government Rössler intensified the war in Masari committing more troops to the conflict. The conduct of the war under Rössler's tenure attracted international criticism and massive losses for Weranic forces. In December 1949 Rössler presided over the [[Kirenian-Weranian War]] which saw Weranian forces defeated - this led to the [[Colonels putsch]] which whilst being put down destroyed the government leading to his resignation.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|29<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Josef Klaus 1964.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Walther Ritter von Dittmann]]<br/><small>(1884-1962)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> May 1950<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> August 1950<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1950|05|17|1950|08|07}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Appointed by the monarch, Stadtbäumer negotiated the end of the Weranian-Kirenian War. This led to the fall of his government and the defeat of the conservative coalition in the 1950 election.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#DE3163; color:white;" rowspan="2"|30<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Adolf Schärf (1961).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Viktor Beer-Hofmann]]<br/><small>(1892–1965)<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> August 1950<br />
|18<sup>th</sup> May 1955<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1950|08|07|1955|05|13}}<br />
|[[1950 Weranian federal election|1950]], [[1954 Weranian federal election|1954]]<br />
| style="background:#DE3163; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Party of Werania|{{color|white|SPO}}]]<br><small>[[Tripartite Majority|{{color|white|Tripartite Majority}}]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Invited to form government after the collapse of the right-wing coalition, Beer-Hofmann formed a grand coalition between OSAI, the SPO and the newly formed SDP. Re-orientating Werania's economic and foreign alignment to Euclean integration, Beer-Hofmann led Werania into the EC in 1955. Supporting progressive economic and social reforms, Beer-Hofmann controversially nationalised various industries including banks which alienated parts of the electorate. Despite winning re-election in 1954 in 1955 the KSP ended the grand coalition leading to a new federal election that saw the victory of the right-wing parties. Beer-Hofmann is the only [[Witterites|Witterite]] premier.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#EB7A43;" height=40|<br />
|rowspan="4"|[[File:Ludwig Erhard 916-1330.jpg|80px]]<br />
| rowspan="4"|[[Konstantin Vogel]]<br/><small>(1898-1976)<br />
| rowspan="2"|18<sup>th</sup> May 1955<br />
| rowspan="2"|16<sup>th</sup> May 1960<br />
| rowspan="2"|{{Age in years, months and days|1955|05|13|1960|05|16}}<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[1955 Weranian federal election|1955]], [[1959 Weranian federal election|1959]]<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Werania)|{{color|white|SDP}}]]<br>↓<br>[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2"|31<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" colspan="5"|{{small|A member of the SDP, Vogel oversaw the merger of the NLP, LDP and the SDP into one party in 1957. Considered the founder of the {{wp|social market economy}} Vogel oversaw a period of sustained economic growth. Vogel led the NKP to a majority government in several elections but lost popularity following budget cuts and a slowdown of economic growth, resulting in Vogel decling to run for another term as NKP president.</small>.}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" height=40|<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|32<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Rudolf Wiefelspütz.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[August von Münstermann]]<br/><small>(1902-1984)<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> May 1960<br />
|5<sup>th</sup> May 1963<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1960|05|16|1963|05|24}}<br />
| [[1963 Weranian federal election|1963]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>An effective technocrat and former Liberal, von Münstermann's administration saw high economic growth and deeper integration with the Euclean Community. He resigned in 1963 after ill health did not lead him to run for re-election as NKP party president </small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|33<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Rudolf Wiefelspütz 1965.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Rudolf Wiefelspütz]]<br/><small>(1914-2001)<br />
|5<sup>th</sup> May 1963<br />
|22<sup>nd</sup> April 1969<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1963|05|05|1969|04|22}}<br />
| [[1967 Weranian federal election|1967]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A leader of the Sotirian democratic wing of the party, Wiefelspütz implemented progressive policies in the justice and education systems. However his government was considered to be largely conservative in character. Wiefelspütz resigned as premier in 1969 after he failed to be re-elected NKP leader.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|34<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F024017-0001, Oberhausen, CDU-Parteitag Rheinland, Kiesinger.jpg (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Sigmar Welskopf-Henrich]]<br/><small>(1903-1986)<br />
|22<sup>nd</sup> April 1969<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> March 1972<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1969|04|22|1972|03|07}}<br />
|[[1971 Weranian federal election|1971]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A former Conservative Welskopf-Henrich led the NKP to a minority government in the 1971 election. His government continued moderately progressive social reforms whilst co-currently implementing budget cuts and reducing some of the welfare programmes. Welskopf-Henrich resigned in 1972 following massive student protests.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|35<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Persconferentie na afloop Overleg van de 9 , Den Haag Tindemans (premier Belgi, Bestanddeelnr 928-9156 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Renatas Vinkauskas]]<br/><small>(1922-2017)<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> March 1972<br />
|8<sup>th</sup> March 1980<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1972|03|07|1980|03|12}}<br />
| [[1972 Weranian federal election|1972]], [[1976 Weranian federal election|1976]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Elected to a party vote in 1972 to replace Welskopf-Henrich, Vinkauskas's term was dominated by rising inflation and unemployment. Austerity budgets led to a collapse in NKP support with their 24 year stint in government ending in the 1980 election.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;" rowspan="2"|36<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Ludwig Ostermann.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Ludolf Ostermann]]<br/><small>(1927-)<br />
|8<sup>th</sup> March 1980<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> July 1987<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1980|03|08|1987|07|16}}<br />
|[[1980 Weranian federal election|1980]], [[1984 Weranian federal election|1984]]<br />
| style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|{{color|white|SRPO}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Initially forming a government with the left wing OSAI from 1984onwards Ostermann formed a "purple government" with the liberal Modern Centre Party (PMZ). Ostermann also introduced major constitutional reform and deeper Euclean integration. In April 1987 the PMZ left the coalition leading to the collapse of his government and early elections that saw the NKP become the largest party.</small><br />
|rowspan="19"| [[Charlotte II of Werania|Charlotte II]]<br />[[File:Hare Majesteit koningin Beatrix, Bestanddeelnr 253-8757.jpg|70px]]<br />{{small|(1986-)}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|37<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Adolf Stahl.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Adolf Stahl]]<br/><small>(1924-1998)<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> July 1987<br />
|27<sup>th</sup> May 1991<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1987|07|16|1991|05|27}}<br />
| [[1987 Weranian federal election|1987]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Leading a government of the NKP and PMZ Stahl implemented neoliberal policies in his tenure. However strikes and industrial unrest were common under his premiership and in 1991 lost to a revitalised SRPO after only a term in office.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;" rowspan="2"|38<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Wolfgang Löscher2.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Wolfgang Löscher]]<br/><small>(1942-)<br />
|27<sup>th</sup> May 1991<br />
|18<sup>th</sup> May 2003<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1991|05|27|2003|05|18}}<br />
| [[Weranian federal election, 1991|1991]], [[Weranian federal election, 1995|1995]], [[1999 Weranian federal election|1999]]<br />
| style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|{{color|white|SRPO}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The longest serving premier Löscher at first led the SRPO to two consecutive majority governments. His government spearheaded rapproachment with [[Valduvia]], introducing the Euclo to Werania and supporting economic reform. An economic upswing in the late 1990s led to the government to introduce massive spending rises and tax cuts. In 1999 the government was re-elected as a SRPO-OSAI coalition but the coalition was unstable. Löscher resigned in 2003 after his coalition lost to the NKP.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|39<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Dietrich Wittmann portrait.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Sotirian Lowenstein]]<br/><small>(1959-)<br />
|18<sup>th</sup> May 2003<br />
|12<sup>th</sup> July 2009<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|2003|05|18|2009|07|12}}<br />
|[[2003 Weranian federal election|2003]], [[2007 Weranian federal election|2007]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Leading a majority government in his first term Lowenstein reorientated Werania to a less pro-Euclean policy and implemented conservative fiscal policies, privatising industry and reinvesting it into supporting tech startups. Dealing with economic collapse in 2005 Lowenstein implemented austerity policies avoiding a bailout from the [[Euclean Community]]. Lowenstein supported Euclean integration and greater fiscal liberalisation. He led the NKP to be re-elected to an additional term in 2007 but resigned in 2009 after the NKP faced losses in the 2009 House of Councillors election.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|40<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:DrEdmundStoiber.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Dietrich Wittmann]]<br/><small>(1959-)<br />
|12<sup>th</sup> July 2009<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> June 2011<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|2009|07|12|2011|06|04}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The Wittmann government continued {{Wp|austerity}} measures to reduce Werania's budget deficit as well as toughen surveillance legalisation. In 2011 the NKP coalition lost its majority leading to Wittmann to resign from the premiership.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;" rowspan="2"|41<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Emilia Koopmann.jpeg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Emilia Koopmann]]<br/><small>(1968-)<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> June 2011<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> September 2013<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|2011|06|04|2013|09|14}}<br />
|[[2011 Weranian federal election|2011]]<br />
| style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|{{color|white|SRPO}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The second female Prime Minister, Koopman led a coalition government between the PMZ-SDT alliance and the SRPO. She continued the austerity policies of the previous government. Koopmann was ousted from the position as SRPO leader and thus premier after poor polling results prior to the 2015 federal election.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;" rowspan="2"|42<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Oberhauser portait.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Viktor Oberhauser]]<br/><small>(1959-)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> September 2013<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> Febuary 2018<br />
| {{Age in years, months and days|2013|09|14|2018|02|17}}<br />
|[[2015 Weranian federal election|2015]]<br />
| style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|{{color|white|SRPO}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Appointed as premier following Koopmann's resignation, Oberhauser formed a {{wp|Purple (government)|purple government}} of SRPO and PMZ following the 2015 election. Oberhauser has continued austerity measures despite opposition from his own party. He resigned after leading his party to defeat in upper house elections.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;" rowspan="2"|43<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Felder portrait.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Josef Felder]]<br/><small>(1955-)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> Febuary 2018<br />
|28<sup>th</sup> June 2019<br />
| {{Age in years, months and days|2018|02|17|2019|06|28}}<br />
| - <br />
| style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|{{color|white|SRPO}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The former Minister-President of Cislania Felder became premier out of the hope he would revive the SRPO's anaemic polling. However his combative style alienated supporters and in 2018 his attempt to call an early election was thwarted by his coalition partners. At the 2019 he led the SRPO to a historically poor result resulting in Felder's resignation.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|44<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Von Hößlin portrait.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Otto von Hößlin]]<br/><small>(1952-)<br />
|28<sup>th</sup> June 2019<br />
|1<sup>st</sup> July 2022<br />
| {{Age in years, months and days|2019|06|28|2022|07|01}}<br />
|[[2019 Weranian federal election|2019]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Elected in 2019, von Hößlin formed a coalition government with the NKP and the [[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]]. Under his goverment reform to the public sector and a close alignment with Estmere and Etruria were pursued. The Hosokawa scandal led to von Hößlin to decline to seek another term as NKP leader.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|45<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Raicevich official portait.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Anton Raicevich]]<br/><small>(1979-)<br />
|1<sup>st</sup> July 2022<br />
|Incumbent<br />
| {{Age in years, months and days|2022|07|01}}<br />
|[[2023 Weranian federal election|2023]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Appointed to succeed von Hößlin, Raicevich renewed the NKP-[[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|DA]] coalition.</small><br />
|}<br />
{{Template:Premiers of Werania}}<br />
{{Template:Werania}}<br />
[[Category:Werania]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=2011_Weranian_federal_election&diff=7699302011 Weranian federal election2024-02-22T00:53:27Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox election<br />
| election_name = 2011 Weranian federal election<br />
| country = Werania<br />
| type = parliamentary<br />
| ongoing = no<br />
| previous_election = [[2007 Weranian federal election]]<br />
| previous_year = [[2007 Weranian federal election|2007]]<br />
| next_election = [[2015 Weranian federal election]]<br />
| next_year = [[2015 Weranian federal election|2015]]<br />
| registered = <br />
| seats_for_election = All 545 seats to the [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]]<br /> <small>273 seats are needed for a majority in the House of Deputies<br />
| opinion_polls = <br />
| turnout = 34,654,997 (74.73%)<br>{{decrease}}6.61%<br />
| election_date = 27 May 2011<br />
<br />
<!-- SPRO --><br />
| image1 = [[File:Mari Kiviniemi 0c181 8532-3.jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| leader1 = [[Ellis Koopmann]]<br />
| leader_since1 = 22<sup>nd</sup> November 2007<br />
| leaders_seat1 = [[Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken]]<br />
| party1 = [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|SRPO]]<br />
| color1 = ED1651<br />
| last_election1 = 140 seats, 26.40%<br />
| seats_needed1 = <br />
| seats1 = 244<br />
| seat_change1 = {{increase}}104<br />
| popular_vote1 = 12,463,728<br />
| percentage1 = 35.56%<br />
| swing1 = {{increase}}8.25%<br />
<br />
<!-- NKP --><br />
| image2 = [[File:Edmund Stoiber 2.jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| leader2 = [[Dietrich Wittmann]]<br />
| leader_since2 = 12<sup>th</sup> July 2009<br />
| leaders_seat2 = [[Cislania]]<br />
| party2 = [[National Consolidation Party|NKP]]<br />
| color2 = FF6A00<br />
| last_election2 = 249 seats, 33.20%<br />
| seats_needed2 = <br />
| seats2 = 137<br />
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}}112<br />
| popular_vote2 = 9.174.932 <br />
| percentage2 = 26.48%<br />
| swing2 = {{decrease}}7.02%<br />
<br />
<!-- PMZ--><br />
| image3 = [[File:Karel Schwarzenberg 2019 Praha.jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| leader3 = [[Klaus Reimann]]<br />
| leader_since3 = 6<sup>th</sup> September 2009<br />
| leaders_seat3 = [[Roetenberg]]<br />
| party3 = [[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|PMZ]]<br />
| color3 = 019CDB<br />
| last_election3 = 42 seats, 7.13%<br />
| seats_needed3 = <br />
| seats3 = 61<br />
| seat_change3 = {{increase}}19<br />
| popular_vote3 = 4,074,839<br />
| percentage3 = 11.63%<br />
| swing3 = {{increase}}4.50%<br />
<br />
<!--OSAI--><br />
| image4 = [[File:Franz Müntefering Bamberg 9151733.jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| leader4 = [[Phillipp Steinhäuser]]<br />
| leader_since4 = 14<sup>th</sup> July 2004<br />
| leaders_seat4 = [[Westbrücken]]<br />
| party4 = [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International|OSAI]]<br />
| color4 = FF0000<br />
| last_election4 = 60 seats, 10.75%<br />
| seats_needed4 =<br />
| seats4 = 23<br />
| seat_change4 = {{decrease}}37<br />
| popular_vote4 = 1,946,372<br />
| percentage4 = 5.55%<br />
| swing4 = {{decrease}}5.20%<br />
<br />
<!-- Grüns--><br />
| image5 = [[File:Daniel Cohn-Bendit portrait (cropped).jpg|80x80px]]<br>[[File:2014-09-11 - Claudia Roth MdB - 7893.jpg|80x80px]]<br />
| leader5 = [[Michael Kaltenbrunner]]<br>[[Michaela Redler]]<br />
| leader_since5 = 12<sup>th</sup> November 2008<br>7<sup>th</sup> November 2002<br />
| leaders_seat5 = [[Cislania]]<br />
| party5 = [[Green Party (Werania)|Grüns]]<br />
| color5 = 258B4C<br />
| last_election5 = 10 seats, 3.18%<br />
| seats_needed5 = <br />
| seats5 = 20<br />
| seat_change5 = {{increase}}10<br />
| popular_vote5 = 1,578,473<br />
| percentage5 = 4.50%<br />
| swing5 = {{increase}}1.32%<br />
<br />
<!--SDT--><br />
| image6 = [[File:Solvita Āboltiņa 2011.jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| leader6 = [[Aneta Umbraite]]<br />
| leader_since6 = 11<sup>th</sup> March 2009<br />
| leaders_seat6 = [[Ruttland]]<br />
| party6 = [[Sotirian Democratic Homeland|SDT]]<br />
| color6 = 04428B<br />
| last_election6 = 8 seats, 2.44%<br />
| seats_needed6 =<br />
| seats6 = 23<br />
| seat_change6 = {{increase}}15<br />
| popular_vote6 = 1,256,473<br />
| percentage6 = 3.58%<br />
| swing6 = {{increase}}1.14%<br />
<br />
<!-- Map --><br />
| map_image = 2011 werania election map.png<br />
| map_size = 350px<br />
| map_caption = States coloured by largest party.<br />
<br />
<!-- Result --><br />
| title = [[Chancellor of Werania|Chancellor]]<br />
| before_election = [[Dietrich Wittmann]]<br />
| before_party = [[National Consolidation Party|NKP]]<br />
| after_election = [[Ellis Koopmann]]<br />
| after_party = [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|SPRO]]<br />
}}<br />
The '''43<sup>rd</sup> federal election''' was held in the [[Werania|Weranian Confederation]] for the [[Volkstag]] (the lower house of the [[Bundestag of Werania|Bundestag]]) on the 27<sup>th</sup> May 2011. All 545 members of the Volkstag were elected under a {{Wp|single non-transferable vote}} system in multi-member electoral districts. The [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]] (SRPO) won the largest amount of seats amid a collapse of the vote of the [[National Consolidation Party]] led government, with the SRPO subsequently forming a {{wp|coalition government}} with the [[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|Modern Centre Party]] which underwent its own resurgence in votes to become the third largest party.<br />
<br />
The election was held during an ongoing financial crisis, high unemployment, a large public deficit and high levels public discontent. The outgoing coalition government of the NKP, PMZ and [[Sotirian Democratic Homeland]] (SDT) had become extremely unpopular due to their adoption of tough public spending cuts as well passing a highly controversial and contested labour reform that many blamed for the high unemployment. As a result for the years preceding the election the SRPO had consistently outpolled the NKP as the largest party leading to many to predict the former would easily beat the latter at an election. <br />
<br />
The electoral campaign was largely dominated by differing approaches to the financial crisis and unemployment. The government largely defended its policies of fiscal restraint whilst the PMZ called for greater tax cuts and economic deregulation to kickstart the economy. In comparison to the 2007 campaign where the SRPO had adopted a more moderate message the SRPO embraced a more {{wp|left-wing populism|populist}} tone. The SRPO mainly focused on cutting Werania's high unemployment rate, which stood at 11% on election day. <br />
<br />
The election saw the SRPO and PMZ gain votes at expense of the NKP and the [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]] who had performed well in 2007 but declined as many of their voters went to the SRPO. The [[Weranic Völkisch Freedom Party]], a far-right party that had shocked the nation when it gained over 5% of the vote in 2007 lost half its seats. <br />
<br />
Turnout in the election was 74.73%, a decline of over 6% from the last election and the lowest turnout since the 1972 election. The SRPO's 12 million votes are the highest the party has ever achieved and the overall highest for a left-wing party in Weranian history. <br />
==Electoral process==<br />
==Background==<br />
==Timetable==<br />
==Parties==<br />
==Campaign==<br />
==Opinion Polls==<br />
==Results==<br />
==Results==<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right<br />
|colspan=8|[[File:2011 Weranian HoD.svg|center|300px]]<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2 rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|Party<br />
!rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|Votes<br />
!rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|%<br />
!colspan=3|Seats<br />
!rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|±<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Constituency<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Proportional<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Total<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#ED1651"| ||align=left|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|Social Democratic Radical Party]]||12,463,728||35.56||129||115||244||tba<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#FF6A00"| ||align=left|[[National Consolidation Party]]||9,174,932||26.18||53||84||137||tba<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#019CDB| ||align=left|[[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|Modern Centre Party]]||4,074,839||11.63||24||37||61||tba<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#CE2029"| ||align=left|[[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]]||1,946,372||5.55||6||17||23||tba<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#04428B"| ||align=left|[[Sotirian Democratic Homeland]]||1,256,473||3.58||12||11||23||tba<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#258B4C"| ||align=left|[[Green Party (Werania)|Green Party]]||1,578,473||4.50||6||14||20||tba<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#116468"| ||align=left|[[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]]||1,248,493||3.56||4||11||15||tba<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#261060"| ||align=left|[[Weranic Völkisch Freedom Party]]||1,215,463||3.47||0||11||11||tba<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#F2D200"| ||align=left|[[National Coalition for Independence]]||726,832||2.07||8||0||8||tba<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#ADCFEF"| ||align=left|[[Aldman People's Party]]||240,576||0.69||2||0||2||-<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#26C4EC"| ||align=left|[[United Party (Charlotte Island)|United Party]]||12,058||0.03||1||0||1||-<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#DDDDDD"| ||align=left|Others||12,058||1.33||0||0||0||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|Invalid/blank votes||646,357||–||–||–||-||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|'''Total'''||'''46.374,583 '''||'''100'''||'''245'''||'''300'''||'''545'''||'''-'''<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|Registered voters/turnout||46,474,226||75.6||–||–||-||-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Aftermath==<br />
===Outcome===<br />
===Government formation===<br />
[[Category:Werania]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=National_Consolidation_Party&diff=769924National Consolidation Party2024-02-22T00:37:38Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{featured_article}}{{KylarisRecognitionArticle}}<br />
{{Infobox political party <br />
|name = National Consolidation Party<br>Nationale Konsolidierungspartei<br />
|name_native = <br />
|logo = [[File:NKP logo modern.png|250px]]<br />
|colorcode =#FF6A00<br />
|founder = [[Konstantin Vogel]]<br />
|slogan = [[Sotirianity|Gott]], {{wp|Heimat}}, {{wp|Liberty|Freiheit}}<br />
|merger = [[Liberal Democratic Party (Werania)|LDP]], [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Werania)|SDP]]<br />
|leader1_title = Federal President <br />
|leader1_name = [[Anton Raicevich]]<br />
|leader2_title = Vice-President<br />
|leader2_name = [[Andrea Däubler]]<br />
|leader3_title = Leader in the [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]]<br />
|leader3_name = [[Elisabeth Biedenkopf]]<br />
|leader4_title = Leader in the [[House of Councillors (Werania)|House of Councillors]]<br />
|leader4_name = [[Jakob Böckler]]<br />
|founded = 13<sup>th</sup> May 1954 <br />
|dissolved = <br />
|headquarters = 17 Jorganberg Road, Westbrucken, Werania<br />
|newspaper =<br />
|student_wing = <br />
|youth_wing = New Generation Forum<br />
|ideology = {{wp|Conservatism}}<br>{{wp|Christian Democracy|Sotirian democracy}}<br>{{wp|Economic liberalism}}<br />
|position = {{Wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}} to {{wp|right-wing}}<br />
|membership = 101,463{{increase}}<br />
| affiliation1_title = [[Euclean Parliament|Euclean parliamentary group]]<br />
| affiliation1 = [[Alliance of Conservatives and Democrats for Euclea]]<br />
| affiliation2_title = Euclean affiliation <br />
| affiliation2 = Party of Euclean Conservatives<br />
|colors = {{color box|#FF6A00}}{{color box|#073A76}} Orange, blue<br />
|seats1_title = [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies (Werania)]]<br />
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|244|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
|seats2_title = [[House of Councillors (Werania)|House of Councillors]]<br />
|seats2 ={{Composition bar|130|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
|seats3_title = {{Wp|Landtags}}/{{Wp|Seimas}}<br />
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|314|1067|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
|seats4_title = Minister-Presidents<br />
|seats4 ={{Composition bar|5|11|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
|seats5_title = [[Euclean Parliament]]<br />
|seats5 ={{Composition bar|42|118|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
|flag = <br />
|symbol = <br />
|website = <br />
|country = Werania<br />
}}<br />
The '''National Consolidation Party''' (''{{wp|German language|Weranian}}'': '''Nationale Konsolidierungspartei''') commonly abbreviated to the '''NKP''' is a {{wp|Conservatism|conservative}} political party in [[Werania]]. It is currently the largest party in the country with a majority in both houses of the Bundestag. <br />
<br />
Formed in 1957 as a merger of {{wp|Criticisms of socialism|anti-socialist}} political parties with the intention to represent the {{wp|right-wing}} of the political spectrum, the NKP under [[Konstantin Vogel]] firmly established itself as the main party operating within an asymmetric two-party system with the NKP competing with a range of left-wing opposition parties. The NKP served in government from its foundation in 1955 to 1983 serving under a total of seven premiers. It remains the longest stint in power of a single party in Weranian history. <br />
<br />
In 1983 after economic difficulties the NKP would enter opposition for a 20 year period as it became the rival of the governing party, the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]]. During this period in opposition the NKP would become incredibly divided between its traditional {{wp|Christian Democracy|Sotirian democratic}} faction and a {{wp|new right}} faction focused more on {{wp|right-wing populism}} and {{wp|economic liberalism}}. In 1999 the NKP under moderate leader [[Rasa Šimonytė]] led the NKP to a victory against the SRPO. Šimonytė implemented conservative fiscal policies, privatising industry and reinvesting it into supporting tech startups. Dealing with economic collapse in 2005 Šimonytė implemented austerity policies avoiding a bailout from the Euclean Community. In 2007 she led the NKP to a coalition government where Šimonytė supported Euclean integration and greater fiscal liberalisation. Resigning in 2009, her successor [[Dietrich Wittmann]] was unable to gain re-election placing it back into opposition. <br />
<br />
In 2015 [[Otto von Hößlin]] became NKP leader. He has under the influence of deputy leader [[Jörg Bullmann]] moved the party to the populist right, supporting {{Wp|economic nationalism}}, {{wp|social conservatism}} and {{wp|Euroscepticism#Soft_Euroscepticism|soft-Euclescepticism}}. In 2019 the party became the largest in the House of Deputies and is expected to form the next government of Werania. In 2022 [[Anton Raicevich]] became leader and in [[2023 Weranian federal election|2023]] led the party to a majority government. <br />
<br />
The NKP is a member of the Party of Euclean Conservatives, a member party of the [[Alliance of Conservatives and Democrats for Euclea]]. A centre-right party, the NKP is seen as more socially conservative and economically interventionist than other parties within the ACDE. <br />
==History==<br />
===Formation===<br />
The NKP was founded as a merger of the [[Liberal Democratic Party (Werania)|Liberal Democratic Party]] (LDP) and the [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Werania)|Sotirian Democratic Party]] (SDP) in 1957 by SDP Chairman and [[Premier of Werania|Premier]] [[Konstantin Vogel]]. Between 1942 to 1950 the [[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|Catholic Social Party]], [[National Liberal Party (Werania)|National Liberal Party]] and [[Centre Party (Werania)|Centre Party]] had governed the country as part of the [[Fatherland Bloc]]. The bloc during the 1940's became increasingly authoritarian as a result of the [[Valduvian-Weranian War]] that saw a destabilisation of the state culminating in the failed [[Colonels putsch]] and the break up of the Fatherland Bloc. The progressive, anti-war of the bloc formed the SDP which claimed to represent a break from the opd conservative parties.<br />
<br />
The 1950 election saw the KSP, NLP and ZP collapse as the SFP formed the Tripartite coalition with the {{Wp|centre-left}} [[Social Democratic Party of Werania]] (SPO) and the [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]] (OSAI). Subsequently the KSP and the NLP formed the LDP to represent a more conservative stance then the now ascendent SDP.<br />
[[File:217D5276-6300-4F14-B2F9-CAC5EBF62CDB.jpeg|thumb|left|250px|[[Konstantin Vogel]] (left) and [[Sigmar Welskopf-Henrich]] (right) two founders of the NKP and later premiers pictured in 1962.]]<br />
The Tripartite government commanded large majorities in the 1950 and 1953 elections implementing several progressive reforms as well as leading Werania into the [[Euclean Community]]. However the government suffered from internal tensions due to the alliance of urban socialists with rural conservative Catholics. In 1955 [[Konstantin Vogel]] - an outspoken critic of the tripartite government - became SDP leader. Legislation to increase trade union influence in the economy gave the SDP pretext to end the coalition leading to a {{wp|vote of no confidence}} in the government that passed. The subsequent election saw the right wing parties of the SDP and LDP gain a majority confirming Vogel as premier. <br />
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Vogel's SDP-LDP government implemented moderate policies, creating a {{wp|social market economy}} based on the doctrine of Catholic social teachings. The new government followed a mostly {{wp|Keynesian economics|demand-side economics}} with an active fiscal and monetary policy ensuring there was low unemployment, moderate {{wp|inflation}}, an expansion of the {{Wp|welfare state}}, the maintenance of the {{Wp|nationalisation|nationalised}} {{Wp|natural monopolies}} from the Tripartite government and income redistribution through public works projects. Nevertheless the government did still pursue some traditional conservative policies such as privatising state-owned breweries. As well as this the government encouraged the growth of ''[[Großkombinat]]s'', large business {{wp|Conglomerate (company)|conglomerates}} that were supported by state-intervention thanks to the nationalisation of banks by the Tripartite governments. <br />
<br />
In the runup to the 1959 there were concerns of OSAI becoming the largest party and possibly forming a government with the SPO. Amongst the two coalition parties there was a feeling that the decline in both monarchist conservatism and classical liberalism meant the three parties increasingly came to resemble each other supporting Weranic nationalism, free-market economics and Catholic social values. As such in 1957 Vogel alongside LDP leader [[Ludwig Stadtbäumer]] announced the creation of the National Consolidation Party which would be a "big-tent" party representative of right-wing politics in Werania. In order to allow a constant rotation amongst the leadership of the constituent parties the NKP adopted a three-year term for federal president with re-election allowed only once. The NKP subsequently formed a close relationship with the Solarian Catholic church, Catholic {{wp|trade union}}s, ''großkombinat's'' and ''{{wp|Mittelstand|mittelstand's}}'' in order to boost its outreach to the electorate gathering supporters from all economic and social backgrounds.<br />
<br />
===Party of power===<br />
The NKP in its first election in 1959 scored a decisive victory getting 302 of 586 seats enabling it to govern with a majority. Like the preceding National Bloc the NKP benefited from divisions in the left with the OSAI, SPO and [[Radical Party (Werania)|Radical Party]] often competing for votes. As well as that parties to the right of the NKP such as the ORP and OBb were seen as being {{wp|far-right}} in character meaning that the NKP was able to present itself as the only credible non-socialist political force in the country.<br />
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The party's big-tent nature meant it primarily promoted centre-right policies with former KSP parliamentarians becoming the dominant tendency. Nevertheless the party still exhibited ideological diversity particularly on the issue of the [[Euclean Community]], ranging from pro-EC {{wp|European federalism|federalists}} to proponents of {{Wp|souverainism}}. Vogel, a moderate pro-Eucleanist, focused on sound economic management through a promotion of private enterprise and competition between Euclean nations. <br />
[[File:Wiefelspütz 1967 election.jpeg|thumb|right|NKP leader [[Rudolf Wiefelspütz]] celebrating the results of the 1967 election.]]<br />
In 1960 Vogel announced his retirement from politics preceding elections that year after developing early signs of {{Wp|lung cancer}}. His successor was [[August von Münstermann]] who shared much of his centre-right positions declaring the party stood against the "''revolutionary radicalism''" of the OSAI and SPO. However whilst the 1960's were marked by economic prosperity there were shifts in social attitudes with the rise of {{Wp|second-wave feminism}}, the {{wp|new left}} and immigration from former Euclean colonies. The NKP was largely unresponsive to these social changes shifting to a gradual loss of support. As such in 1966 the NKP lost its majority in the Reichstag getting only 292 seats, albeit remaining the largest party by a large margin (the second ranked party, the OSAI, gained only 169 seats). Although the NKP could've formed a majority government with the SPO party leaders refused this possibility with NKP Finance Minister [[Sigmar Welskopf-Henrich]] declaring that the NKP "''doesn't do coalitions''". As such the NKP agreed to a minority government with the [[Sotirian Democratic Homeland]] with von Münstermann continuing his role as premier. He resigned after declining to run for re-election for NKP president and replaced with [[Rudolf Wiefelspütz]].<br />
<br />
Prior to the 1966 election economic growth stalled leading to Wiefelspütz to cut public expenditure. Wiefelspütz was seen as a technocratic figure with the government being re-elected in 1966 but his weak health meant he resigned in 1969 being replaced by Welskopf-Henrich.<br />
<br />
At the 1970 election the NKP under Welskopf-Henrich secured re-election despite Welskopf-Henrich's wooden personality. Welskopf-Henrich continued moderately progressive social reforms whilst co-currently implementing budget cuts and reducing some of the welfare programmes started by the previous government, in line with policies pursued by previous NKP governments. The NKP remained popular thanks to dizzying economic growth due to the continued rise of großkombinat's, which accounted for over three-quarters of national output with many expanding further into other industries fuelled by state support due to loans given out by state-owned banks. <br />
<br />
Welskopf-Henrich was premier during the 1972 student protests which started due to the government's controversial control over university curriculum's. The protests eventually became a broader movement for social justice and economic equality with the Amalgamated Federation of Trade Unions holding a {{Wp|Wildcat strike action|wildcat}} {{Wp|general strike}} over the government's control over the upper echelons of the trade union movement. The country briefly came to an economic standstill with the government fearing revolution; as a result Welskopf-Henrich resigned as premier whilst calling a snap election. His successor was [[Renatas Vinkauskas]] who became the NKP's first [[Ruttland|Ruttish]] leade and premier. Calling on the "''{{wp|silent majority}} to vote against socialism''" Vinkauskas led the NKP a large electoral victory an effort largely seen as down to Vinkauskas's personal popularity and much of the electorate voting against the instability the protests had caused. <br />
<br />
A member of the NKP social Sotirian faction, Vinkauskas was credited with creating a dialogue with trade unions and student groups following the protests. A charismatic politician known for his wide factional support Vinkauskas attempted to present himself as a moderniser heardling a move towards {{wp|liberal conservatism}}. Vinkauskas modernised the party's electoral apparatus, using television extensively crafting an image of himself as a modern leader who focused on long term development.<br />
<br />
As premier Vinkauskas attempted to oversee large infrastructure projects, most ambitiously aiming to oversee a decline in the power of Großkombinats in favour of mittelstand's, the traditional backbone of Weranian industry. However under his premiership the economy continued to record solid growth due to the continued aggressive expansion of the großkombinat's, despite economic slowdowns in [[Senria]] and other parts of Euclea. In order to avoid recession Vinkauskas's government responded with implementing more comprehensive incomes policy and cutting public service wages, leading to tensions between the NKP and its traditional trade union partner, the Confederation of Catholic Labour. This policy was at the time hailed by economists who credited the strong output of großkombinat's as saving the Weranian economy, but was later seen as flawed as it stunted domestic consumption leading to the großkombinat's to incur far higher debt through borrowing. <br />
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F050938-0023, Bonn, Tagung CDU-Bundesausschuss, Tindemans.jpg|thumb|200px|left|[[Renatas Vinkauskas]] served as NKP leader and premier from 1972-1980, leading the NKP to its greatest electoral success in 1972 but also its first loss in 1980.]]<br />
In 1976 the NKP once again secured a majority government. However several factors would lead to the NKP to enter a decline over the 1976-1980 term. Patronage politics had led to several voters to desert the NKP whilst the emergence of centrist forces such as the PMZ would present an attractive alternative to what was seen as an increasingly right-wing NKP. Most damaging was the merger of the SPO and the RP into the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]] (SRPO) in 1977 which emerged as the first big tent centre-left party in the country's history. <br />
<br />
In 1979 the Steinman Scandal had broken out which saw the NKP accused of soliciting favours from the Steinman großkombinat through an illegal {{wp|slush fund}} that funnelled Steinman donations to the party.<br />
<br />
In 1980 as the balance of payments crisis worsened Vinkauskas made the decision to revalue the Reichsmark which incurred a loss of popularity for the NKP. The devaluation of the Reichsmark helped lead to the {{wp|Economic bubble|bubble}} of constant mergers and acquisitions by the großkombinat's to burst when the fourth largest company in Werania, the Einem Group, to file for bankruptcy. The großkombinat's debts were not only to state industrial banks but also to independent banks and their own financial services subsidiaries. The scale of the loan defaults meant that banks could neither foreclose nor write off bad loans without themselves collapsing, so the failure to service these debts quickly caused a systemic banking crisis leading to the Weranian government had to pump billions into banks and take a loan from the [[Global Institute of Fiscal Affairs]], seen as a humiliation by large swathes of the population. <br />
<br />
Loans from foreign banks meant that Vinkauskas was forced to cut public spending to deal with the recession, most notably slashing agricultural subsidies as well as undertaking a substantial devaluation of the Reichsmark. As well as this Vinkauskas was seen as uncharismatic and confrontational to trade unions, leading to more frequent strikes and economic disruption during the early 1980's. <br />
<br />
The Steinman scandal combined with the economic crisis led to a collapse in support for the NKP and led to 32 of the party's deputies to form a new {{Wp|Liberal conservatism|liberal conservative}} party, the [[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|Modern Centre Party]]. <br />
<br />
The emergence of SRPO leader [[Ludolf Ostermann]] saw the NKP increasingly regarded as a party of old men out of touch with younger voters who had led to a historic mismanagement of the economy and sold Werania out to the GIFA. In the 1980 election the NKP remained the largest party with 196 seats whilst the SRPO overtook the OSAI for the second time as the second largest party, with the two parties together getting the best result ever for the Weranic left since the {{wp|popular front}} took power in 1918. As a result of the NKP losing its majority Ostermann formed a left-wing coalition between the SRPO and the OSAI putting the NKP into opposition for the first time since its creation.<br />
<br />
===Wilderness years===<br />
The failure of the NKP to present a credible and attractive alternative to the left caused many younger members of the party to start to challenge the ideological orthodoxy of the party with Sotirian democracy, agrarian populism and pork-barrel politics becoming increasingly unpopular. {{wp|Neoliberalism|Neoliberal}} economics and {{Wp|populism|populist}} {{Wp|nationalism}} became popular amongst party activists who advocated a radical shift from the old consensus driven, centrist Sotirian democracy to a more {{Wp|populism|populist}}, {{Wp|free market}} direction. These activists believed the old system of nationalisation, strong labour unions, heavy regulation, high taxes, and a generous welfare state had led to Werania's economic malaise, recommending instead a programme of {{wp|privatisation}}, {{wp|deregulation}} and a reduction of trade union power being inspired by [[Patrica Flowers]] in [[Caldia]]. This faction was known as the ''neue rechte'' ({{Wp|new right}}) with proponents within the party including [[Egon Geisel]], [[Oskar Schweidnitz]] [[Elisabeth von Neudeck]] and [[Dietrich Wittmann]] who became known as the "[[Gang of Four (Werania)|Gang of Four]]". <br />
<br />
Prior to the 1981 NKP conference the gang of four plotted to forward a {{Wp|vote of no confidence}} towards Vinkauskas's leadership with the intention of putting forward Geisel as party leader. Unwilling to allow the ''neue rechte'' to dominate the party Vinkauskas unexpectedly announced he would not run for another term as NKP president prior to the conference recommending his deputy [[Maximilian Frommel]] as leader. Enraged that Vinkauskas avoided a no confidence vote Geisel, Schweidnitz and von Neudeck alongside several other ''neue rechte'' deputies split from the party forming the [[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]] (DA). The DA soon became popular with voters concerned about rising immigration and deeper Euclean integration as well as arousing the approval of the business community who wished for an economically liberal but anti-trade union party. Concerns were raised surrounding Frommel, who was seen as an {{Wp|apparatchik}} with little charisma or vision. Unbeknownst at the time was that Frommel was suffering from cancer which resulted in him to limit his public appearances which created an image of him as being aloof and out of touch. As well as this, the NKP's political machine - which had been adept at acting as a locus for matching interest group money and votes with bureaucratic power and expertise - weakened due to being in opposition.<br />
<br />
Frommel like his predecessors as leader was a pro-business conservative representing continuity within the NKP and as such initiated no major policy differences. In opposition Frommel advocated a relatively passive strategy believing the traditional divisions of the left would discredit the Ostermann government and that voters would quickly return to the NKP. In 1982 after facing severe economic problems the SRPO-OSAI government abandoned its radical {{Wp|socialism|socialist}} programme and adopted free-market policies at the insistence of the Euclean Community. This led to a large decline in support for the government leading to Frommel at the 1984 NKP party conference to declare for the party to "''ready itself for government''". However this looked unlikely as the split with the DA had resulted in approval for the NKP sharply declining hurting its image as a safe pair of hands for government and the economy.<br />
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F054634-0014, Ludwigshafen, CDU-Bundesparteitag, von Weizsäcker.jpg|[[Adolf Stahl]] (left) would lead the NKP briefly into government from 1987 to 1991.|thumb|250px|right]]<br />
An uptick in the economic situation and perceptions that the NKP was a divided party that stood for few core principles meant that in the 1984 election the SRPO was elected to a record second term in government. The NKP suffered a catastrophic result falling from 202 to 108 seats, easily its worst result up until that point attaining the second most amount of seats for the first time in its history. Many NKP seats went to the DA which debuted with 78 seats along with the Ruttish [[Sotirian Democratic Homeland]] which gained 36 seats. As a result of the terrible result Frommel resigned from the party leadership and politics in general. The 1984 leadership election was seen as a defining one for the party as the centre-right candidate [[Adolf Stahl]] faced off the ''neue rechte'' and former gang of four member Dietrich Wittmann for the leadership. By a narrow vote Stahl won.<br />
<br />
The government formed after the 1984 election was a coalition between the SRPO and the [[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|Modern Centre Party]]. The new government would subsequently begin to promote a radical programme of reform supporting {{wp|social liberalism|social}} and {{Wp|economic liberalism}}. This led to several progressive social reforms such as the legislation of homosexuality and divorce and economic reforms in the form of {{Wp|privatisation}} and {{wp|deregulation}} particularly in the public sector. The new government saw a shift of economic power from {{Wp|state-owned enterprise}}s and the großkombinat's towards mittelstands and other {{wp|small and medium-sized enterprises}} (SME's). These measures were seen as highly reformatory to the Werania the NKP led prompting discussion within the party of the direction forward following the 1984 result.<br />
<br />
Stahl started the process of party modernisation mainly with an overhaul of party financing and its ability to reach voters as well as setting up an array of {{wp|think tank}}s to support the party's ability to formulate new policies. However the issue of whether to accept coalition government remained divisive within the party with the old guard refusing to accept the idea on principle. In 1986 Blaurock announced that in the next election the NKP would be willing to offer coalition agreements with "''likeminded parties'' if the NKP attained less then 200 seats heralding a major shift in NKP policy. <br />
<br />
In 1987 the SRPO and PMZ government fell apart over differences in economic policy. Discontent with the government led to an uptick in support for the NKP which emerged as the lagrest party. The NKP however did not secure a majority and despite getting over 200 seats Stahl elected to form<br />
a coaltion with the PMZ. This move was incredibly controversial and the government was plagued with factional disputes. The NKP-PMZ government continued economic reform but in contrast to the SRPO led government introduced austerity and attempted to implement union busting and right to work legislation. As a result they quickly became unpopular and the NKP suffered a defeat at the 1991 elections to a SRPO-OSAI-Green coalition led by [[Wolfgang Löscher]]. Stahl resigned as leader and was replaced by Edmund Blaurock.<br />
<br />
Although being associated with the old guard of the party Blaurock recognised that the NKP needed to reinvent itself if it was to credibly challenge the SRPO and maintain its position as the leading party of the right over the DA. Blaurock also recognised that the party was seen by voters as being out of touch with modern Werania and that it appealed solely to rural, conservative Catholics. Blaurock started the process of party modernisation mainly with an overhaul of party financing and its ability to reach voters as well as setting up an array of {{wp|think tank}}s to support the party's ability to formulate new policies. <br />
<br />
Blaurock additionally committed several institutional reforms within the party instituting an age limit of 75 for parliamentary candidates and promoting more women within the parliamentary party including the newly elected [[Rasa Šimonytė]]. Blaurock also abolished term limits for the NKP president to give stability to the post of leader. Blaurock also shifted the party to the right, promoting a more stringent form of {{Wp|economic liberalism}} declaring upon his election that "''{{Wp|there is no alternative}} to an economic based on entirely free-market principles''" whilst also differentiating the NKP from the SRPO-led government by promoting an explicitly souverainist policy regarding the Euclean Community. <br />
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The 1991-1995 legislature saw Blaurock continue to modernise the party placing more power in its executive and reaching out to opposition parties such as the SDT and the DA which were seen as potential coalition partners. In the runup to the 1996 election the NKP were confident they would become the largest party and form government for the first time since 1979. Blaurock's campaign as such in February 1996 unveiled an extremely right-wing programme that called for amongst other things rescinding many labour protections, restricting the right to industrial action, implementation of a {{wp|flat tax}} and raising {{wp|value added tax|VAT}}. These proposals led to Löscher to embark on a vigorous campaign painting the NKP as a party that was solely supported by the wealthy, running a {{wp|negative campaign}} that also portrayed Blaurock as a weak and indecisive leader. As a result of the right-wing proposals and the negative campaigning by the SRPO the NKP's polling lead narrowed as the SRPO regained lost support. Although the NKP would get the most amount of votes their seat count - 187 - was exactly the same as the SRPO who formed a coalition with the PMZ and SDT. As a result Blaurock resigned as party leader in 1997 stating two electoral losses meant "''it is clear that I do not hold the support of the Weranian people''" retiring from politics completely.<br />
[[File:Angela Merkel (2008).jpg|thumb|300px|[[Rasa Šimonytė]] - the NKP's first female leader - was both the longest serving party leader and NKP premier winning three electoral victories from 1999 to her resignation in 2009.|left]]<br />
Following Blaurock's resignation party elites soon supported [[Rasa Šimonytė]] for leader. Although never serving in the federal government Šimonytė had been the Minister-President of Roetenberg and was respected for her consensus driven style. She was elected unopposed as party leader making her the first person of Ruttish descent to become NKP leader and the first female leader of a major Weranian political party. <br />
<br />
The SRPO-Greens-OSAI government during the late 1990's was marked by infighting and fatigue after 16 years of SRPO governance. The 1999 election saw the NKP achieve 240 seats due to the unpopularity of the centre-left coalition. Šimonytė formed a government with the Democratic Alternative party, marking the end of the NKP's 16 years in opposition and the first time the NKP formed a coalition government.<br />
<br />
===Modern history===<br />
The Šimonytė government came to power under a context of healthy economic growth but a poor employment rate with Šimonytė declaring that conquering unemployment would be the government's priority. Šimonytė herself was seen as {{Wp|fiscal conservatism|fiscally conservative}} supporting a restraint on public expenditure and tax cuts whilst also being socially conservative. However Šimonytė was also seen as being pro-Euclean supporting deeper integration in contrast to her DA coalition allies. <br />
<br />
Upon coming to power Šimonytė implemented a programme of tax cuts and a raise in public expenditure due to the budget surplus left by the prior government. The government also lessened some of the liberal policies of the previous government tightening drug laws and implementing tough new laws regarding immigration, with the system being transformed into a skills based points system for non-EC migrants. The government also slashed the {{wp|capital gains tax}} in 2000 leading to a housing boom. In the initial years of Šimonytė government the NKP benefited from good polling and the weak state of the opposition, but tensions over Euclean policy mounted with the DA coalition partners. In 2002 DA leader and Finance Minister [[Egon Geisel]] unexpectedly announced he would resign from government and withdraw the DA from the coalition agreement. A large amount of the DA disagreed with this proposal with Health Minister [[Theodore Goetzberger]] and the more centre-right faction of the party staying in government as part of the [[Reform Conservatives Party]]. The DA split benefited the NKP enabling it to easily win the 2003 election with 244, forming another coalition with the RKP. During her preimiership Šimonytė built a close relationship with her [[Gaullica|Gaullican]] counterpart, [[Alexandre Lévesque]].<br />
<br />
In 2005 at the start of the global financial crisis Werania's economy entered a severe recession with the collapse of the Stiemark Investment and Savings Bank and the bursting of the housing market bubble resulting in sales and property values collapsing. As a result of the recession the government in 2005 announced a 2 year unlimited guarantee of all debt for 4 leading banks, with the debts totalling €700 billion at the start of the guarantee. To ensure it could take on such debts, the government announced severe cuts to education, healthcare, defence, welfare and pensions as well as reversing income tax cuts and beginning to run a deficit. These measures were unpopular with the NKP's support dissipating and anti-austerity protests being held around the country. The economic situation worsened as the government refused to apply for a bailout from the EC. <br />
<br />
In the 2007 election the NKP again came first with 215 seats whilst radical parties on the right and left rose in seats. The NKP formed a coalition with the RKP and the SDT continuing a programme of austerity to prevent any need for a bailout from the EC. Šimonytė became the first NKP leader to lead the party to three consecutive electoral victories and was re-elected party leader in 2008.<br />
<br />
In 2009 Šimonytė decided not to run for another term as NKP leader and thereby premier. The party as such elected finance minister [[Dietrich Wittmann]] as her successor. Although formally a major figure in the ''neue rechte'' faction Wittmann since shifted to a more moderate position albeit still being a strong advocate of further economic liberalisation. His government continued austerity measures but without the popular figure of Šimonytė the reforms were seen as increasingly unfair with the NKP losing popularity. In the leadup to the 2011 election Wittmann announced he would not lead the NKP into the election with the party choosing [[Günter Schaefer]], the incumbent Minister-President for Wolsfled, as its leader. Schaefer was unable to revive the party's electoral fortunes and they were heavily defeated in the election although Schaefer stayed on as leader. <br />
<br />
In opposition Schaefer attempted to present the NKP as a "''party of the progressive centre-right''" whilst continuing to support austerity policies in order to maintain fiscal credibility to the Euclean Community .He emphasised the party's fiscal responsibility against the SRPO-PMZ coalition whom he accused of "''reckless tax and spend''" policies urging fiscal restraint. The party also became more overtly Euclesceptic with Schaefer declaring that he would hold a referendum on the Euclo if Werania was forced to finance a bailout for countries such as [[Amathia]]. <br />
<br />
Schaefer had been the Minister-President of Wolfsfled and as a result concentrated power amongst his colleagues from his time in Wolfsfled, leading to much of the party to actively agitate against his leadership, especially the party's conservative wing. Schaefer was unable to increase support for the NKP especially following the Kleinmann Affair where Schaefer was accused of taking undisclosed political donations from the construction company Kleinmann. At the 2013 House of Councillors elections - considered a barometer for public support - the NKP saw only marginal gains compared to the 2009 election. Under Schaefer the NKP opposed the legislation of same-sex marriage. <br />
<br />
Nevertheless an unpopular pension reform plan by the SRPO-PMZ government in 2014 saw the NKP regain their place in the polls leading to the SRPO to oust their leader and premier [[Emilia Koopmann]] and replace her with [[Viktor Oberhauser]]. This led to the SRPO to regain their place in the polls getting 157 seats in the 2015 election with the NKP gaining only 9 seats at the election. Oberhauser formed a government with the PMZ whilst Schaefer tendered his resignation as party leader facing criticism from all quarters of the party. <br />
<br />
Following Schaefer's resignation former Defence Minister [[Otto von Hößlin]] was elected as the NKP incumbent leader. Von Hößlin's leadership has seen a shift to {{Wp|right-wing populism|right-wing populist}} rhetoric calling for a more Euclesceptic foreign policy, tougher immigration policy and economic nationalist measures such as a promotion of Weranian goods, {{wp|welfare chauvinism}} and ending the neoliberal policies of the SRPO-PMZ-SDT government. Von Hößlin's leadership in opposition saw support for the NKP increase due to a rightward, Euclesceptic shift in Weranic public opinion partly in response to the unpopularity of the Oberhauser government. Much of the shift to the right was promoted by NKP deputy leader [[Jörg Bullmann]] who was close to the [[Etruria|Etrurian]] [[Tribune Movement]]. Von Hößlin was re-elected to the party leadership in 2018. <br />
<br />
The 2019 election saw the NKP attain 244 seats, the party's best result since mid-2000's. Von Hößlin form a coalition government with the Democratic Alternative with von Hößlin becoming the tenth NKP premier. The NKP-DA coalition had since coming to power largely focused on implementing tougher rules regarding immigration, liberalising sectors of the economy and expanding various welfare programmes. In 2022 von Hösslin resigned as premier being replaced by [[Anton Raicevich]]. In the [[2023 Weranian federal election]] the NKP won a majority government enabling them to form a single-party cabinet. <br />
<br />
==Ideology==<br />
{{multiple image<br />
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|caption1=Federal president [[Anton Raicevich]]<br />
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}}<br />
The National Consolidation Party is seen as a {{wp|big tent|catch-all}} party with it's traditional slogan - ''[[Sotirianity|Gott]], {{wp|Heimat}}, {{wp|Liberty|Freiheit}}'' - intending to exemplify it's fusion of {{wp|Christian democracy|Sotirian democracy}}, {{wp|nationalism}} and {{wp|liberalism}} into a single {{wp|conservatism|conservative}} party. The NKP was formed to represent the predominantly rural [[Solarian Catholic Church|Catholic]] community and as such adopted policies in spirit with Sotirian democratic and {{Wp|Agrarianism|agrarian}} philosophy. Over time it has developed into a {{Wp|centre-right}} {{Wp|Conservatism|conservative}} party supporting {{Wp|social conservatism}} and {{wp|economic liberalism}} although has more {{wp|liberal conservatism|liberal}} and {{wp|Economic interventionism|interventionist}} tendencies. The NKP is a strong proponent of {{Wp|Subsidiarity (Catholicism)|subsidiarity}}. <br />
<br />
On economic matters, the NKP is strongly influenced by {{wp|economic liberalism}}, being the main party responsible for the creation of Werania's {{Wp|social market economy}}. Prior the collapse of the großkombinat's in the 1970's the NKP strongly supported their development over mittelstands but by the 1990's has re-orientated to support a mix of large conglomerates and SME's. Since the 1980's the NKP has promoted {{wp|neoliberalism|neoliberal}} economic policies such as {{Wp|privatisation}} and {{Wp|deregulation}}. Generally the modern NKP's economic policies have been described as populist due to their support of low taxes and generous social spending despite a rhetorical commitment to small government. Since the 1990's the NKP have supported {{wp|supply-side economics}} seeing higher taxes on the wealthy as detrimental for economic growth. The NKP opposed the introduction of a federal {{wp|minimum wage}} and oppose further increases to it on the grounds it is bad for job creation. In recent years the NKP have spearheaded moves to introduce a {{wp|balanced budget amendment}} (''{{wp|Debt brake (Germany)|Schuldenbremse}}'') to the Weranian constitution. <br />
<br />
On social policy, the NKP has been traditionally seen as conservative opposing legalised {{Wp|euthanasia}}, supporting greater restrictions on {{wp|abortion}}, favouring tight {{wp|immigration}} laws and supporting {{Wp|nationalism|nationalist}} policies. However, the NKP has generally been pragmatic in certain areas promising in the 2015 election not to amend the current laws surrounding abortion. <br />
<br />
On foreign policy the NKP for much of its history has been moderately Euclesceptic party, with their position being described as supporting ''{{wp|Souverainism|souverainisme}}''. The NKP currently support reforming the [[Euclean Community]] to be more focused on economic rather than political integration. The party was split over the prospect of [[Etruria]] joining the bloc in 2016 with some factions supporting it's membership whilst others were strenuously opposed on financial grounds although the [[Etruria Euclean Community membership referendum, 2016|failure of the 2016 referendum]] made the debate within the party moot. The NKP has also traditionally supported close relations with [[Senria]] in [[Coius]] being strongly critical of [[Shangea]] and [[Dezevau]]. In the mid-20th century the NKP was more dovish towards [[Soravia]], but have increasingly taken a hardline anti-Soravian stance since the [[Sostava War]] when Werania supported the independence of Soravia's former constituent states. They strongly support increasing defence spending.<br />
<br />
The NKP see environmental regulations as a burden on the economy and support market based solutions to climate change. Although the NKP does support the validity of {{wp|climate change}} they are split on whether humans contribute to it with a significant amount being {{wp|climate change denial|climate change deniers}}. The NKP oppose a {{wp|carbon tax}} and other command and control methods of environmental regulation. The NKP support {{wp|Hydraulic fracturing|fracking}}. <br />
===Factions===<br />
Due to the nature of the NKP's creation - that of a merger of parties intending to represent the broad right-wing spectrum of Weranian politics - the party contains several informal ideological factions ranging from {{wp|liberalism|liberal}}s to {{wp|right-wing populism|populists}}. Factions tend to within them contain various ideological strands being organised by charismatic figures. Factions play a large role in the NKP's internal politics although their influence has weakened over time as the NKP has become more ideologically homogenous. <br />
*{{wp|Christian democracy|Sotirian democrats}} - the historically dominant faction of the party. They mainly consist of Sotirian democrats tracing their heritage to the [[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|Catholic Social Party]] and {{wp|Agrarianism|agrarianists}}. The mainstream conservatives traditionally opposed both free-market capitalism and socialism, instead promoting a "{{wp|social market economy}}" based on the principles of {{wp|sphere sovereignty}} and {{Wp|subsidiarity}}. In the 1980's they became more economically liberal and now are seen as supporting free-market economics and small government whilst maintaining a welfare state. Mainstream conservatives in the party tend to support the [[Euclean Community]] with a minority favouring Euclean federalism. Since the 2000's the mainstream conservatives influence has weakened in favour of the new right and populists and have increasingly transitioned to {{wp|liberal conservatism}} supporting a more conciliatory social policy whilst defending {{Wp|neoliberalism}}. Former premiers [[Konstantin Vogel]], [[Adolf Stahl]], [[Rudolf Wiefelspütz]], [[Johannes Zollitsch]] and [[Renatas Vinkauskas]] were from the mainline conservative faction although [[Rasa Šimonytė]] was considered close to this faction. <br />
*{{wp|Traditionalist conservatism|Traditionalist conservatives}} - mainly descending from the [[Weranian Fatherland Party]]. Traditionalist conservatives tend to be extremely socially conservative and nationalist with some supporting völkisch politics. They also are opposed to the Euclean Community. The traditionalist conservatives largely declined in the 1970's with the right-wing of the NKP being supplanted by populists and the new right. Former premier [[Sigmar Welskopf-Henrich]] were from the conservative faction. <br />
*{{wp|Liberalism|Liberals}} - Historically coming from the [[National Liberal Party (Werania)|National Liberal Party]] they are considered the most pro-business faction and largely support {{Wp|economic liberalism}}, free trade, privatisation, individualism and {{wp|secularism}}. Liberals in the NKP are divided between {{wp|National liberalism|national liberals}} who support a more conservative form of {{Wp|cultural nationalism}}, {{Wp|Social liberalism|social liberals}} who support more liberal policies in the social sphere and {{wp|green liberalism}} and {{wp|neoliberalism|neoliberals}} who mainly focus on economic liberalism. Former premier [[August von Münstermann]] was from the liberal faction. <br />
*{{wp|Neoconservatives}} - the neoconservatives are characterised by support for free markets, financial discipline, firm control over public expenditure, tax cuts, Weranic nationalism, traditional values, privatisation, populism and hard Euclescepticism. They also support an interventionist policy abroad and are adamantly anti-socialist. The neoconservatives tend to be {{Wp|fiscal conservatism|fiscal conservatives}} supporting balanced budgets as well as low taxation. Although the neoconservative faction declined following the creation of the Democratic Alternative the rose to prominence during the 1990's particularly due to the decline of the liberal conservatives and Sotirian democrats. Premiers Rasa Šimonytė, [[Dietrich Wittmann]] and incumbent [[Otto von Hößlin]] are most heavily associated with the neoconservatives. <br />
*{{wp|Populism|Populist}}s - emerging from the protectionist, populist tradition of the [[Rural Federation]] the populist faction has historically been the weakest. They tend to support forms of {{Wp|national conservatism|national conservatism}} and {{Wp|economic nationalism}}. They tend to be the most interventionist on economic issues being more critical of {{wp|economic liberalism}} then the other faction. The populists are also the most strongly anti-immigration heavily using nationalist rhetoric and also tend to be {{wp|Souverainism|souverainist}} supporting a "Euclea of nations". Of all the factions the populists are the strongest supporters of political reform. Incumbent premier [[Anton Raicevich]] comes from the populist faction with Johannes Zollitsch and Otto von Hösslin also being seen as close to this faction.<br />
<br />
==Organisation==<br />
{{Infobox political party<br />
| country = <br />
| name = State Lower House Seats<br />
| native_name = <br />
| colorcode = #FF6A00<br />
| seats1_title = [[Landtag of Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken|Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken]]<br />
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|30|105|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats2_title = [[Landtag of Cislania|Cislania]]<br />
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|82|202|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats3_title = [[Landtag of Elbenweis|Elbenweis]]<br />
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|26|95|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats4_title = [[Landtag of Kolreuth|Kolreuth]]<br />
| seats4 = {{Composition bar|5|48|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats6_title = [[Landtag of Prizen|Prizen]]<br />
| seats6 = {{Composition bar|38|113|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats7_title = [[Seimas of Ruttland|Ruttland]]<br />
| seats7 = {{Composition bar|11|125|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats8_title = [[Landtag of Rotenberg|Rotenberg]]<br />
| seats8 = {{Composition bar|51|121|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats9_title = [[Landtag of Westbrücken|Westbrücken]]<br />
| seats9 = {{Composition bar|8|83|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats10_title = [[Landtag of Wittislich|Wittislich]]<br />
| seats10 = {{Composition bar|22|35|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| seats11_title = [[Landtag of Wolfsfled|Wolfsfled]]<br />
| seats11 = {{Composition bar|42|101|color=#FFF|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
}}<br />
The National Consolidation Party organises itself on a federal, provincial and municipal level running in every province. At the apex of the NKP's organisation its the party federal president. The NKP president when in government is the [[Premier of Werania|premier]] and when in opposition serves as the party's leader in the [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]]. The federal president is elected to three year terms, with the president having no term limits. If a president resigns a replacement is elected to serve the rest of their term.<br />
<br />
The other leaders in the party include the vice-president and the party's leaders in the [[House of Councillors (Werania)|House of Councillors]] and the House of Deputies. The party president is elected by the parliamentary party in the Bundestag through preference voting whenever a vacancy appears or if the party leader loses a {{Wp|vote of no confidence}}. <br />
<br />
The highest body in the NKP is the Federal Executive Committee (''Bundesvorstand''), which serves as the highest executive body in the NKP. The Bundesvorstand is made up of 20 voting members and 5 non-voting members and is elected by delegates at the annual party conference with the exception of the party president and vice-president who are ex-officio voting members.<br />
<br />
Unlike other parties such as the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]] the NKP has a relatively decentralised organisational structure with federal branches of the party having large degrees autonomy. The relatively diffuse origins of the NKP means the party's federal branches have strong ideological and personal rivalries. Party policy is made almost entirely by the parliamentary parties, not by the party's rank-and-file members, although NKP members do have a degree of influence over party policy within the federal conference. <br />
<br />
The key to the NKP's success is its highly developed network of patron-client relationships on both national and local levels. Within single member districts NKP representatives manage local support groups to keep in touch with public opinion and gain votes and financial backing. These local support groups often were connected to the Catholic Confederation of Labour, rural mutual aid groups and the Catholic Church enabling the party to act as a locus point for financial support and mobilisation of voters. Since the 1980's there has been a decline in these local support groups with the NKP's ability to utilise patronage and {{wp|pork barrel spending}} to farm votes being weakened. <br />
<br />
The NKP is a member of the [[Alliance of Conservatives and Democrats for Euclea]] joining the group in 1997 under [[Rasa Šimonytė]]. As of 2019 it is the largest party in the group holding 42 seats in the Euclean parliament. <br />
===Leaders===<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! No.<br />
! width=150|Name<br /><small>(Born–Died)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! colspan=2|Term in Office<br />
! Party leadership<br>elections<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 1<br />
| [[Konstantin Vogel]]<br /><small>(1898-1980)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Einde bezoek bondskanselier dr Ludwig Erhard en gaf persconferentie in het Haag, Bestanddeelnr 916-1332.jpg|60px]] || 13 May 1957 || 16 May 1960 || 1957<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 2<br />
| [[August von Münstermann]]<br /><small>(1902-1984)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Rudolf Wiefelspütz.jpg|60px]] || 16 May 1960 || 5 July 1963 || 1960<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 3<br />
| [[Rudolf Wiefelspütz]]<br /><small>(1892-1973)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Rudolf Wiefelspütz 1965.png|60px]] || 5 July 1963 || 22 April 1969 || 1963<br>1966<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 4<br />
| [[Sigmar Welskopf-Henrich]]<br /><small>(1902-1986)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F024017-0001, Oberhausen, CDU-Parteitag Rheinland, Kiesinger.jpg (cropped).jpg|60px]] || 22 July 1969 || 7 March 1972 || 1969<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 5<br />
| [[Renatas Vinkauskas]]<br /><small>(1922-2017)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F050938-0028, Bonn, Tagung CDU-Bundesausschuss, Tindemans.jpg|60px]] || 7 March 1972 || 30 June 1980 || 1972<br>1975<br>1978<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 6<br />
| [[Maximilian Frommel]]<br /><small>(1931-2016)</small> || [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F067146-0013, Lothar Späth.jpg|60px]] || 30 June 1980 || 4 July 1984 || 1980<br>1983<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 7<br />
| [[Adolf Stahl]]<br /><small>(1931-2016)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F040153-0028, Bonn, Pressekonferenz CDU-Vorstand, Weizsäcker.jpg|60px]] || 4 July 1984 || 17 October 1991 || 1984<br>1987<br>1990<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 8<br />
| [[Edmund Blaurock]]<br /><small>(1934-2003)</small> || [[File:Edmund Blaurock.jpg|60px]] || 17 October 1991 || 24 July 1997 || 1991<br>1994<br>1994<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 9<br />
| [[Rasa Šimonytė]]<br /><small>(1954-)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Angela Merkel - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2011 cropped.png|60px]] || 24 July 1997 || 12 July 2009 || 1997<br>2000<br>2003<br>2006<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 10<br />
| [[Dietrich Wittmann]]<br /><small>(1946-)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Landtag Niedersachsen DSCF7769.JPG|60px]] || 12 July 2009 || 8 July 2011 || 2009 <br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 11<br />
| [[Günter Schaefer]]<br /><small>(1956-)</small> || [[File:Christian Schmidt (51554749990) (cropped).jpg|60px]] || 24 January 2011 || 3 March 2016 || 2011<br>2014<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 12<br />
| [[Otto von Hößlin]]<br /><small>(1952-)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:2017-01-20 Horst Seehofer CSU 6527.JPG|60px]] || 3 March 2016 || 30 June 2022 || 2016<br>2019<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"| 14<br />
| [[Anton Raicevich]]<br /><small>(1979-)</small><br>[[File:Werania Chancellor symbol.png|50px]] || [[File:Эммануэль Макрон (20-07-2018).jpg|60px]] || 30 June 2022 || Incumbent || [[2022 National Consolidation Party leadership election|2022]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Electoral results==<br />
===House of Deputies===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:16px;"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"| Election<br />
! colspan="5"| [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]]<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:30px;"| Rank<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:145px;"| Government<br />
! rowspan="2"| Leader<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Votes<br />
! style="width:45px;"| %<br />
! style="width:45px;"| ±pp<br />
! style="width:100px;"| Seats won<br />
! style="width:40px;"| +/−<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1959 Weranian federal election|1959]]<br />
| 9,536,815<br />
| 46.53%<br />
| ''New''<br />
| {{Composition bar|278|586|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 16<sup>1</sup><br />
| '''#1''' {{increase}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority government<br />
| [[Konstantin Vogel]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1963 Weranian federal election|1963]]<br />
| 9,429,683<br />
| 45.67%<br />
| -0.86%<br />
| {{Composition bar|296|602|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 18<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority government<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Rudolf Wiefelspütz]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1967 Weranian federal election|1967]]<br />
| 9,296,847<br />
| 44.64%<br />
| -1.03%<br />
| {{Composition bar|300|602|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 4<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority government<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1971 Weranian federal election|1971]]<br />
| 9,585,051<br />
| 44.33%<br />
| -0.31%<br />
| {{Composition bar|298|602|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 2<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority government<br />
| [[Sigmar Welskopf-Henrich]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1972 Weranian federal election|1972]]<br />
| 10,157,683<br />
| 46.82%<br />
| +2.49%<br />
| {{Composition bar|306|602|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 8<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Majority government<br />
|rowspan=2| [[Johannes Zollitsch]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1976 Weranian federal election|1976]]<br />
| 10,384,732<br />
| 43.28%<br />
| -3.54%<br />
| {{Composition bar|314|579|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 8<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Majority government<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1980 Weranian federal election|1980]]<br />
| 10,144,835<br />
| 41.63%<br />
| -1.65%<br />
| {{Composition bar|287|579|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 27<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority government<br />
|rowspan=2| [[Renatas Vinkauskas]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1984 Weranian federal election|1984]]<br />
| 7,126,832<br />
| 28.86%<br />
| -12.77%<br />
| {{Composition bar|196|579|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 91<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1988 Weranian federal election|1988]]<br />
| 6,448,392<br />
| 26.79%<br />
| -2.07%<br />
| {{Composition bar|108|598|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 88<br />
| #2 {{decrease}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| [[Maximilian Frommel]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1992 Weranian federal election|1992]]<br />
| 6,964,925<br />
| 29.58%<br />
| +2.79%<br />
| {{Composition bar|156|598|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 48<br />
| #2 {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
|rowspan=2| [[Edmund Blaurock]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1996 Weranian federal election|1996]]<br />
| 9,284,922<br />
| 32.94%<br />
| +3.36%<br />
| {{Composition bar|187|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 31<br />
| '''#1<sup>2</sup>'''{{increase}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1999 Weranian federal election|1999]]<br />
| 11,583,941<br />
| 40.21%<br />
| +7.27%<br />
| {{Composition bar|250|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 63<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government<br />
|rowspan=3| [[Rasa Šimonytė]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2003 Weranian federal election|2003]]<br />
| 11,848,371<br />
| 38.46%<br />
| -1.75%<br />
| {{Composition bar|261|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 11<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2007 Weranian federal election|2007]]<br />
| 12,683,712<br />
| 34.22%<br />
| -4.24%<br />
| {{Composition bar|228|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}}33<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2011 Weranian federal election|2011]]<br />
| 9,174,932<br />
| 26.48%<br />
| -7.74%<br />
| {{Composition bar|135|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 80<br />
| #2 {{decrease}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| [[Günter Schaefer]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2015 Weranian federal election|2015]]<br />
| 9,086,742<br />
| 26.85%<br />
| +0.37%<br />
| {{Composition bar|151|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 9<br />
| #2 {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| [[Günter Schaefer]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2019 Weranian federal election|2019]]<br />
| 13,257,365<br />
| 36.61%<br />
| +9.76%<br />
| {{Composition bar|253|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 102<br />
| '''#1''' {{increase}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government<br />
| [[Otto von Hößlin]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2023 Weranian federal election|2023]]<br />
| 13,758,503<br />
| 41.16%<br />
| +4.55%<br />
| {{Composition bar|300|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 47<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Majority government<br />
| [[Anton Raicevich]]<br />
|}<br />
<sup>1</sup>Compared to the [[1955 Weranian federal election|1955]] seats for the [[National Liberal Party (Werania)|NLP]], [[Conservative Party (Werania)|KP]] and the [[Catholic Social Party|KSP]].<br><sup>2</sup>Attained more votes then the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|SRPO]] but the same amount of seats.<br />
<br />
===House of Councillors===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:16px;"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"| Election<br />
! colspan="6"| [[House of Councillors (Werania)|House of Councillors]]<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:30px;"| Rank<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:145px;"| Status<br />
! rowspan="2"| Leader<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Votes<br />
! style="width:45px;"| %<br />
! style="width:45px;"| ±pp<br />
! style="width:100px;"| Contested seats<br />
! style="width:100px;"| Total seats<br />
! style="width:40px;"| +/−<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1989 Weranian House of Councillors election|1989]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| ''New''<br />
| {{Composition bar|86|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|86|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 86<br />
| '''#1''' {{increase}}<br />
| style="background:#ffffbd;"| Majority<br />
| [[Edmund Blaurock]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1993 Weranian House of Councillors election|1993]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|53|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|97|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 11<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#ffffbd;"| Majority<br />
| [[Edmund Blaurock]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1997 Weranian House of Councillors election|1997]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|68|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|121|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 24<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Majority<br />
|rowspan=3| [[Rasa Šimonytė]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2001 Weranian House of Councillors election|2001]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|50|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|118|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 3<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Majority<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2005 Weranian House of Councillors election|2005]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|32|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|82|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 36<br />
| #2 {{decrease}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2009 Weranian House of Councillors election|2009]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|37|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|69|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 13<br />
| #2 {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority<br />
| [[Dietrich Wittmann]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2013 Weranian House of Councillors election|2013]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|35|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|72|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 2<br />
| #2 {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Minority<br />
| [[Günter Schaefer]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2017 Weranian House of Councillors election|2017]]<br />
| TBA<br />
| TBA%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|74|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|104|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 37<br />
| '''#1''' {{increase}}<br />
| style="background:#ffffbd;"| Majority<br />
|rowspan=2| [[Otto von Hößlin]]<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[2021 Weranian House of Councillors election|2021]]<br />
| 10,059,483<br />
| 41.53%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|67|116|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|130|232|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{increase}} 12<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Majority<br />
|}<br />
==Logos==<br />
<gallery class="center"><br />
File:Old NKP logo2.png|1957-1989<br />
File:NKP logo 1990's.png|1989-2002<br />
File:NKP logo 2000s.png|2002-2018<br />
File:NKP logo.png|2018-2022<br />
File:NKP logo modern.png|2022-<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
{{Template:Political parties in Werania}}<br />
[[Category:Werania]][[Category:Kylaris Articles of Recognition]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Britbong64/Sandbox_3&diff=763377User:Britbong64/Sandbox 32024-02-06T01:07:01Z<p>Britbong64: /* Republic */</p>
<hr />
<div>Flags<br />
<gallery><br />
Ahnemunde Confederation flag.png|Rudolphine Confederation Banner<br />
Flag of Werania.png|Flag of the Weranian Confederation<br />
Royal standard Werania.jpg|Standard of the federal presidency <br />
Flag of the Weranian Republic.png|Flag of the Republic<br />
Weranic republican flag ensign.png|Civilian naval ensign<br />
Weranic republican flag.png|Military naval ensign<br />
Werania army flag.png|Flag of the Reichwehr<br />
Weranian air force ensign.png|Flag of the airforce<br />
Weranian raterepublik flag.png|Flag used during the Easter Revolution<br />
</gallery><br />
Emblems<br />
<gallery><br />
Werania Coat of Arms.png|Greater coat of arms<br />
Werania Coat of Arms mid.png|Coat of arms<br />
Werania coat of arms (Lesser).png|Lesser coat of arms<br />
Weranic republic emblem.png|Greater republican emblem<br />
Weranic republic emblem (1).png|Lesser republican emblem<br />
Werania army symbol.png|Emblem of the army<br />
Weranian naval symbol.png|Emblem of the navy<br />
Weranian air force symbol.png|Emblem of the airforce<br />
</gallery><br />
<gallery><br />
MRSZ flag.png|Armed Forces flag<br />
MRW logo.png|Land Force emblem<br />
MRSP symbol.png|Air Force emblem<br />
</gallery><br />
==Provincial data==<br />
:'''National parties'''<br />
{{Composition bar|303|1067|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
{{Composition bar|300|1067|hex=#800080}}<br />
{{Composition bar|183|1067|hex=#258B4C}} <br />
{{Composition bar|82|1067|hex=#F0001C}} <br />
{{Composition bar|35|1067|hex=#116468}} <br />
{{Composition bar|28|1067|hex=#CB3036}} <br />
===Cislania===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $707,368,664,117; {{wp|Switzerland}}}<br />
*GDPpc - $48,888; {{wp|Finland}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 28.72%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Cislania 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Bartholomäus Stobrawa]] (NKP)<br />
|image2=Markus Söder MSC 2019 (cropped).jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - NKP single party with DA/AVP parliamentary support. <br />
*Current term - May 2022 - May 2026<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 10 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 4 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 20 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 67 seats}} {{legend|#ADCFEF|AVP: 11 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 82 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 8 seats}}<br />
===Ruttland===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $399,130,274,907; {{Wp|Norway}} <br />
*GDPpc - $36,981; {{wp|United Arab Emirates}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 16.21%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=2021-2025 Ruttland.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2016-2020 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-Chairman [[Žygimantas Navikas]] (NNK)<br />
|image2=Flickr - Saeima - 9.Saeimas deputāts Raimonds Vējonis.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - NNK majority. <br />
*Current term - January 2021- January 2025<br />
{{legend|#CE2029|RSDT: 7 seats}} {{legend|#258B4C|Greens: 9 seats}} {{legend|#ED1651|SDRP-DS: 12 seats}} {{legend|#F2D200|NNK: 70 seats}} {{legend|#04428B|SDT: 16 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 11 seats}}<br />
===Roetenberg===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $356,707,114,470; {{wp|Philippines}}}<br />
*GDPpc - $40,635; {{wp|Japan}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 14.48%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Roetenberg 2021-2025.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2021-2025 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Dietrich Scheel]] (NKP)<br />
|image2=Reinhold Mitterlehner 2016.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - NKP/PMZ coalition. <br />
*Current term - January 2021- January 2025<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 8 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 4 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 30 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 24 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 51 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 4 seats}}<br />
===Wolfsfled===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $288,365,574,910; {{wp|Pakistan}}<br />
*GDPpc - $38,215; {{wp|United Arab Emirates}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 9.07%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Wolfsfled 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Willi Liebermann]] (EO)<br />
|image2=Heiko Maas 2018.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - EO-Green coalition<br />
*Current term - May 2022 - May 2026<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 8 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 1 seat}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 16 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 38 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 34 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 5 seats}}<br />
===Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $243,340,840,512; {{wp|Romania}}<br />
*GDPpc - $36,432; {{wp|United Arab Emirates}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 9.88%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=2021-2025 Bonnlitz-Ostbrucken.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2021-2025 legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Kristina Lötzsch]] (SRPO)<br />
|image2=Nationalpark Hunsrück-Hochwald, Eröffnungsveranstaltung (7872).JPG<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - SRPO-Green-OSAI coalition<br />
*Current term - January 2021- January 2025<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 10 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 6 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 27 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 29 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 30 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 3 seats}}<br />
===Prizen===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $158,904,236,816; {{wp|Ukraine}}<br />
*GDPpc - $38,504; {{wp|United Arab Emirates}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 6.45%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Prizen 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Karl Ehrenstein]] (EO)<br />
|image2=2019-05-26 Wahlabend Bremen by Sandro Halank–063.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - EO minority government <br />
*Current term - May 2022 - May 2026<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 10 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 3 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 15 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 45 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 34 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 6 seats}}<br />
<br />
===Elbenweis===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $154,759,549,656; {{wp|Ukraine}}<br />
*GDPpc - $47,679; {{Wp|San Marino}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 6.28%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Elbenweis 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President [[Valentina Rösch]] (Greens)<br />
|image2=Katrin Goring-Eckardt MdB (cropped).jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - Green-EO coalition<br />
*Current term - May 2018 - May 2022<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 7 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 2 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 27 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 26 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 27 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 6 seats}}<br />
===Wittislich===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $68,959,499,160; {{wp|Panama}}<br />
*GDPpc - $46,264; {{Wp|Canada}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 2.8%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Wittislich 2021-2025.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1= 2021-2025 legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President Eckart Steinback (NKP)<br />
|image2=Arno Kompatscher 2015 crop.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - NKP majority<br />
*Current term - January 2021- January 2025<br />
{{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 1 seat}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 4 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 7 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 22 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 1 seat}}<br />
===Westbrücken===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $69,505,033,392; {{wp|Luxembourg}}<br />
*GDPpc - $64,602; {{wp|Singapore}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 2.82%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Westbrucken 2021-2025.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1= 2021-2025 legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Lord Mayor [[Ursula Böhmer]] (Greens)<br />
|image2=Maischberger - 2019-02-27-5664.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - SAPO-Greens-OSAI coalition<br />
*Current term - January 2021- January 2025<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 15 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 6 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 25 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 27 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 8 seats}} {{legend|#116468|DA: 2 seats}}<br />
===Kolreuth===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $14,033,088,400; {{wp|Namibia}}<br />
*GDPpc - $55,100; {{wp|Australia}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 0.57%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Kolreuth 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Lord Mayor [[Bouthaina Ghalzaleh]] (SPRO)<br />
|image2=Wikimedia meeting with State Secretary Muna Duzdar - Vienna - May 2017 (2).jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - EO majority<br />
*Current term - May 2018 - May 2022<br />
{{legend|#F0001C|OSAI: 7 seats}} {{legend|#CB3036|SAPO: 2 seats}} {{legend|#1B9431|Green: 10 seats}} {{legend|#800080|EO: 25 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|NKP: 4 seats}} <br />
===Charlotte Island===<br />
====Economy====<br />
*GDP - $1,438,638,680; {{wp|Solomon Islands}}<br />
*GDPpc - $14,584; {{Wp|Poland}}<br />
*% of national GDP - 0.06%<br />
====Politics====<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Charlotte Island 2018-2022.svg<br />
|width1=300<br />
|caption1=2018-2022 Legislature<br />
|alt1=<br />
|width2=120<br />
|caption2=Minister-President Matthias Iha (VP/AP) outgoing<br />
|image2=Governor David Ige.jpg<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
*Government - TBA<br />
*Current term - May 2022 - May 2026<br />
{{legend|#10880D|TFS: 5 seats}} {{legend|#FFE900|VFT: 8 seats}} {{legend|#26C4EC|VFA: 10 seats}}<br />
<br />
==Federal coalitions==<br />
*1984-1988 - Social Democratic Radical Party, Weranic Section of the Workers' International<br />
*1988-1992 - Social Democratic Radical Party, Modern Centre Party<br />
*1992-1995 - Social Democratic Radical Party, Modern Centre Party, Greens<br />
*1995-1999 - Social Democratic Radical Party, Weranic Section of the Workers' International, Greens<br />
*1999-2003 - National Consolidation Party, Modern Centre Party<br />
*2003-2007 - National Consolidation Party, Modern Centre Party<br />
*2007-2011 - National Consolidation Party, Sotirian Democratic Homeland<br />
*2011-2015 - Social Democratic Radical Party, Modern Centre Party <br />
*2015-2019 - Social Democratic Radical Party, Modern Centre Party (Sotirian Democratic Homeland, Weranic Section of the Workers' International) <br />
*2019-2023 - National Consolidation Party, Democratic Alternative<br />
==Decolonisation==<br />
[[File:Decolonisation plan.png|thumb|250px|Dark red - Category A. Pink - Category B. Light pink - Category C.]]<br />
1951 federation plan - proposed by the Colonies Minister Elmar Hattendorf and so became known as the Hattendorf plan. The plan aimed to divide the empire into three categories who would have different paths to self-determination. <br />
*Category A colonies were to be integrated into the metropole through the slow expansion of political rights with the intention of eventually becoming equal federal units. The integration of these territories was expected to last for 20-30 years. <br />
*Category B colonies were to hold referendums where they would either vote to be integrated albeit on a longer time scale like Category A colonies or enter a privileged partnership with Werania being governed as {{Wp|associated states}}. <br />
*Category C colonies were mandates believed by the Weranian government to be temporary and so were to have referendums where they would either endorse an extension of the mandate or enter negotiations for independence.<br />
The Hattendorf plan was a failure with there being widespread riots following its announcement, leading to the Weranian government to scrap it.<br />
<br />
==Misc==<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Aldmany<br />
| native_name = Aldeland<br />
| other_name =<br />
| settlement_type = Historical region<br />
| image_skyline = File:Bygstad.jpg<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| image_flag = Flag of Aldman.png<br />
| image_shield = Coat of Arms of Aldmany (1).png<br />
| image_map = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{plainlist|<br />
* {{flag|Estmere}}<br />
* {{flag|Werania}}}}<br />
| established_title = Aldmany<br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder =<br />
| seat_type = Largest cities<br />
| seat = {{plainlist|<br />
* <br />
* }}<br />
| population_demonym = {{plainlist|<br />
* Aldmand }}<br />
| timezone1 =<br />
| utc_offset1 = <br />
| timezone1_DST =<br />
| utc_offset1_DST =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{wp|Dienstmann}} - '''Die'''ns'''t'''''s'''''m'''an. Originally a derogatory term comparing settlers to serfs, it became a term of pride and affection for the settlers. The majority settled on the coast.<br />
Volkstag -> House of Deputies (Abgeordnetenhaus)<br><br />
Herrstag -> House of Councillors (Ratsmitgliederhaus)<br><br />
*Herrenhaus -> House of Lords (former upper house)<br />
'''Trade unions'''<br />
*Weranian Federation of Workers' (Ostischer Arbeitsverband; OAV) - Council communist, syndicalist (historical)<br />
*Confederation of Catholic Trade Unions (Bund Katholischer Gewerkschaften; BKG) - Christian left<br />
*Weranian Federation of Workers'-Workers' Democracy (Ostischer Arbeitsverband - Arbeiterdemokratie; OAV-AD) - Social democratic<br />
<br />
*1883 general strike<br />
*1891 general strike<br />
*1919 general strike<br />
*1950 general strike<br />
*1972 general strike<br />
*2009 public sector strike<br />
'''Uniforms'''<br />
*Revolutionary Army - Napoleonic Austrian<br />
*1842-1930's - k.u.k. Armee (Common Army + Austrian Landwehr)<br />
*1930's-1950's - Reichwehr/Wehrmacht<br />
*1950's-present - Bundeswehr<br />
<br />
*1842-1891 - limited suffrage - {{wp|Single non-transferable vote}}<br />
*1891-1911 - universal male suffrage - {{wp|plural voting}} - {{wp|block voting}}/{{wp|Single non-transferable vote}}<br />
*1911-1935 - universal male suffrage - {{wp|Single non-transferable vote}}<br />
*1935-1960 - universal suffrage - {{wp|party-list proportional representation}}<br />
*1960-present - universal suffrage - {{wp|parallel voting}}<br />
<br />
==Republic==<br />
{{Multiple image<br />
|header = Leading members of the First Republic (and factions)<br />
|perrow = 3<br />
|total_width = 400<br />
|image1 = Wolfgang-amadeus-mozart 1.jpg<br />
|caption1 = [[Franz Xaver Dobrizhoffer]] (Der Kreis). Ran the judiciary and interior ministries during the purge, but decline in influence thereafter. Executed.<br />
|image2 = Gerhard von Kügelgen 001.jpg<br />
|caption2 = [[Sigmund Auerswald]] (Der Kreis). Propagandist and strong supporter of the purge. Died of cholera.<br />
|image3 = Henri Lehmann - Portrait d'Alexander von Humboldt (vers 1835).jpg<br />
|caption3 = [[Joachim Hochheim]] (Opportunisten). Took control of the judiciary. Fled to Asteria.<br />
|image4 = Georg Forster-larger.jpg<br />
|caption4 = [[Julius Fischart]] (Kohlhausist). Took control of religious affairs. Executed during the purge.<br />
|image5 = Archdukecharles1.jpg<br />
|caption5 = [[Balthasar Hötzendorf]] (Der Kreis/Die Obersten). Main military commander. Executed. <br />
|image6 = Karl Philipp Schwarzemberg - Google Art Project.jpg<br />
|caption6 = [[Otto Schönbaum]] (Der Kreis/Die Obersten). Another senoir military figure. Executed. <br />
|image7 = Porträt des Freiherrn Karl vom und zum Stein als preußischer Minister.jpg<br />
|caption7 = [[Ignaz Bartuska]] (Opportunisten). The dominant figure in foreign politics. Imprisoned but later pardoned. <br />
|image8 = Frédéric-César de La Harpe by Pajou.jpg<br />
|caption8 = [[Anton von Kléber]] (Conventionist). A legal expert who ended the purge. Pardoned. <br />
|image9 = Maximilian von Montgelas (1806).jpg<br />
|caption9 = [[Ludwig von Kirchschläger]] (Conventionist). A diplomat. Eventually facilitated the end of the republic being pardoned.<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox political party<br />
|name=Brotherhood for the Rights of Man<br />
|native_name=Bruderschaft für die Rechte des Menschen<br />
|colorcode=#E34234<br />
|logo=[[File:Brotherhood symbol.png|150px]]<br />
|leader1_title=Leaders<br />
|leader1_name={{•}}[[Franz Xaver Dobrizhoffer]]<br />{{•}}[[Sigmund Auerswald]]<br />{{•}}[[Joachim Hochheim]]<br />{{•}}[[Otto Schönbaum]]<br />
|foundation={{start date and age|df=y|1784}}<br />
|dissolution={{end date and age|df=y|1801}}<br />
|headquarters=Hochgäu Palace, Westbrücken <br />
|newspaper={{•}}''Appell des Volkes''<br />{{•}}''Stimme für Rechte''<br />
|wing1_title=Factions<br />
|wing1= Kreisists<br>Opportunisten<br />
|ideology=[[Cult of Reason]]<br>{{wp|Republicanism}}<br />{{Wp|Radicalism (historical)|Radicalism}}<br>{{Wp|Dirigisme}}<br>{{Wp|Anticlericalism}}<br />
|position= {{wp|Left-wing}} to {{wp|far-left}}<br />
|colors={{color box|#E34234|border=darkgray}} Red<br />
|country=Werania<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox political party<br />
|name=Society of Friends of the People<br />
|native_name=Gesellschaft der Freunde des Volkes<br />
|colorcode=#48A5EE<br />
|logo=Rinderist flag.jpg<br />
|leader1_title=Leaders<br />
|leader1_name=tba<br />
|foundation={{start date and age|df=y|1784}}<br />
|dissolution={{end date and age|df=y|1786}}<br />
|headquarters=Rinder Estate, Westbrücken <br />
|newspaper=Volksherold<br />
|wing1_title=<br />
|wing1= <br />
|ideology={{Wp|Constitutional monarchy|Constitutional monarchism}}<br>{{wp|Whiggism|Parliamentarianism}}<br>{{Wp|Classical liberalism}}<br />
|position= {{wp|Centre right}}<br />
|colors={{color box|#48A5EE|border=darkgray}} Blue<br />
|country=Werania<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox political party<br />
|name=Supporters of the Assembly<br />
|native_name=Unterstützer der Versammlung<br />
|colorcode=#DDDDDD<br />
|logo=National Cockade of Latvia.svg<br />
|leader1_title=Leaders<br />
|leader1_name=Ludwig von Kirchschläger<br />
|foundation={{start date and age|df=y|1784}}<br />
|dissolution={{end date and age|df=y|1801}}<br />
|headquarters=Westbrücken <br />
|newspaper=<br />
|wing1_title=<br />
|wing1= <br />
|ideology={{Wp|Republicanism}}<br>{{wp|Syncretic politics|Political syncretism}}<br>{{Wp|Technocracy}}<hr>'''Factions'''<br>{{Wp|Radicalism (historical)|Radicalism}}<br>{{wp|Classical liberalism}}<br />
|position= {{wp|Centrism|Centre}}<br />
|colors={{color box|#DDDDDD|border=darkgray}} Grey<br />
|country=Werania<br />
}}<br />
<br />
1786-1790: Radical period<br><br />
1790-1792: Opportunist period<br><br />
1792-1801: Milotary period <br><br />
Political factions of the Weranian revolution:<br />
*Kohlhausists - the most radical faction named after their meeting place the Kohlhaus. Led by Julius Fischart they supported an especially violent form of anticlericalism becoming notorious for their support of revolutionary terror. They opposed the Kreisists and the Cult of Rationalism. They were purged in 1787 by the Kreisists. <br />
*Brotherhood of the Rights of Man - the main republican faction of the revolution. Taking power in 1785 following the March of the 100, the Brotherhood dominated governance until the rise of Hötzendorf in 1791. <br />
**[[The Circle]] (Der Kreis) - its members were known as Kreisists (Circlists) and it was the most prominent faction within the Brotherhood. Grouped around Franz Xaver Dobrizhoffer and Sigmund Auerswald it began the revolutionary violence following the declaration of the republic. They dominated the governance of Werania until 1789 when their leader Dobrizhoffer was ousted; the faction remained prominent under Otto Schönbaum however with their opponents, the Opportunisten, never able to fully purge them. They supported the Cult of Rationalism and were sometimes called the Rationalists. <br />
***Die Obersten (The Colonels) - a group of Kreisists predominantly within the military grouped around Balthasar Hötzendorf that gained power as military matters dominated the republic. They were similar to the mainline Kreisists but were considered to be more militaristic and technocratic in character. <br />
**Opportunisten (Opportunists) - members of the moderate tendency of the Brotherhood, they were derisively named opportunists after their leader Joachim Hochheim ousted Dobrizhoffer in 1789. They were generally mistrusted by the radical left and the moderate right. <br />
*Conventionists - the Conventionists represented the centrist tendency of the National Convention. They spanned a wide range of republicans and constitutional monarchists but were generally in favour of representative government. The Conventionists became unable to prevent revolutionary and reactionary violence and split between the Opportunisten who joined the Brotherhood and those that were purged for being affiliated with the Rinderists. <br />
*Rinderists - officially the Society of Friends of the People, the Rinderists were the centre-right faction with the National Diet who generally supported the preservation of the monarchy under a constitutional regime. The March of the 100 discredited the monarchy and the Rinderists were purged in 1786. Essentially whigs.<br />
*Reaktionäre - the supporters of an absolutist system, the reactionaries were the far-right of the political spectrum and were purged in 1786. Essentially tories.<br />
{{Infobox former country<br />
|native_name = Ostische Syndikalverband<br />
|conventional_long_name = Weranian Syndical Federation<br />
|common_name = Werania<br />
|continent = [[Euclea]]<br />
|region = <br />
|country = Werania<br />
|era = <br />
|status =<br />
|status_text = <br />
|empire = <br />
|government_type = {{wp|Federation|Federal}} {{wp|One-party state|single party}} {{wp|National syndicalism|national syndicalist}} {{wp|Totalitarianism|totalitarian dictatorship}}<br />
|legislature = [[Syndikatskammer]]<br />
|year_start = 1941<br />
|year_end = 1950<br />
|<br />
|event_start = [[Ides of June]]<br />
|date_start = 17<sup>th</sup> June<br />
|event_end = Velvet Revolution<br />
|date_end = 14<sup>th</sup> May<br />
|<br />
|event1 = [[Valduvian-Weranian War]]<br />
|date_event1 = 17<sup>th</sup> December 1949 - 30<sup>th</sup> May 1950<br />
|event2 = <br />
|date_event2 = <br />
|event3 = <br />
|date_event3 = <br />
|<br />
|event_pre = <!--- Optional: A crucial event that took place before before "event_start"---><br />
|date_pre = <br />
|event_post = <!--- Optional: A crucial event that took place before after "event_end"---><br />
|date_post = <br />
|<br />
|<!--- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 ---><br />
|p1 = Werania<br />
|flag_p1 = Flag of Werania.png<br />
|image_p1 = <br />
|p2 = <br />
|flag_p2 =<br />
|image_p2 = <br />
|s1 = Werania<br />
|flag_s1 = Flag of Werania.png<br />
|image_s1 = <br />
|image_flag = OSU Flag.png<br />
|flag = <br />
|flag_type = Flag<br />
|<br />
|image_coat = Coaemblwm.png<br />
|symbol = <br />
|symbol_type = Emblem<br />
|<br />
|image_map = Werania post WTA.png<br />
|image_map_caption =<br />
|<br />
|capital = [[Westbrücken]]<br />
|<br />
|national_motto = <br />
|national_anthem = <br />
|common_languages = {{wp|German language|Weranian}}<br />
|religion = <br />
|currency = Mark<br />
|leader1 = [[Dietrich zu Kolbenheyer]]<br />
|year_leader1 = 1941-1942<br />
|leader2 = [[Siegfried Höcker]]<br />
|year_leader2 = 1942-1950<br />
|leader3 = [[Franz Rössler]]<br />
|year_leader3 = 1950<br />
|title_leader = Supreme Leader <br />
|stat_year1 = <br />
|stat_area1 = <br />
|stat_pop1 = <br />
|stat_year2 = <br />
|stat_area2 = <br />
|stat_pop2 = <br />
|today = {{flag|Werania}}<br>{{flag|Valduvia}}<br />
}}</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Coaemblwm.png&diff=763361File:Coaemblwm.png2024-02-06T00:43:38Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
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<div></div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:OSU_Flag.png&diff=763360File:OSU Flag.png2024-02-06T00:43:04Z<p>Britbong64: Britbong64 uploaded a new version of File:OSU Flag.png</p>
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<div></div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=List_of_premiers_of_Werania&diff=756510List of premiers of Werania2024-01-22T23:46:16Z<p>Britbong64: /* List */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=300 <br />
| image1 = Graf Clemens Metternich.jpg|alt1=Portrait of Ulrich von Bayrhoffer<br />
| image2 = Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk portrait.jpg|alt2=Portrait of Otto Röttgen<br />
| image3 = Angela Merkel Juli 2010 - 3zu4(cropped).jpg|alt3=Portrait of Rasa Šimonytė<br />
| image4 = Emmanuel Macron (24144565957).jpg|alt4=Portrait of Anton Raicevich<br />
| footer = {{bulleted list<br />
| Top left: [[Ulrich von Bayrhoffer]] became the first premier of Werania in 1842 and the held the office on two separate occassions.<br />
| Top right: [[Otto Röttgen]] was premier from 1932 to 1937, leading the country through the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]].<br />
| Bottom left: [[Rasa Šimonytė]] was the first female premier and currently is the longest serving premier holding office from 1999 to 2009. <br />
| Bottom right: [[Anton Raicevich]] is the current premier having held office since 2022.}}<br />
}} <br />
<br />
The '''[[Premier of Werania|Federal Premier of the Weranian Confederation]]''' ({{wp|German language|Weranian}}: '''Bundesministerpräsident der Ostischen Bund''') has been the {{wp|head of government}} of Werania since the unification of [[Werania]] in 1842. There has been 44 premier since that date. The first Premier of Werania, [[Ulrich von Bayrhoffer]], was formerly the Minister-President of [[Cislania]] before becoming the first Weranian Premier. The Weranian Premier prior to the 1900's was able to govern solely with the consent of the monarch, with the inaugural monarch [[Rudolf VI of Werania|Rudolf VI]] controlling the nomination of the Premier. Since then the position has been solely responsible to the Bundestag completing a shift from a strong monarchy to a strong parliamentary system. <br />
<br />
The longest serving Premier is [[Rasa Šimonytė]] who served for 10 years, 1 month and 24 days from 1999 to 2009. The shortest serving Premier is [[Johannes von Günther]] who served for 2 months and 21 days in 1950. The current Premier is [[Anton Raicevich]] of the [[National Consolidation Party]] who has been in office since July 2022. <br />
<br />
There has been two female Premiers (Šimonytė and [[Emilia Koopmann]]) and three Ruttish ones ([[Ažuolas Kuzmickas]], [[Renatas Vinkauskas]] and Šimonytė). Two Premiers have died in office (the [[Franz Joseph, Prince of Oppolzer|Prince of Oppolzer]] and [[Xaver von Aehrenthal]]). Six Premiers have served non-consecutive terms (von Bayrhoffer, [[Ferdinand Karl von Schönborn-Buchheim]], [[Ludwig Gustav von Middendorff]], [[Joachim Schwarzenberg]], von Aehrenthal, [[Casper von Kléber]] and [[Walther von Pittermann]]). <br />
<br />
If the premier is incapacitated they are replaced with the vice-premier. If the vice-premier is also unavailable the monarch may pick a senior minister or legislator to serve as a caretaker until the Bundestag picks a permanent replacement for the premier. <br />
<br />
Since 1957, all premiers have come either from the [[National Consolidation Party]] or the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]]. <br />
==List==<br />
'''Political Parties:'''<br><br />
{{legend2|#dddddd|{{wp|Independent (politics)|Nonpartisan}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#48A5EE|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|Liberal Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#FAA61A|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|Catholic Social Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#a672a6|[[Radical Party (Werania)|Radicals]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#F0001C|[[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#ED1651|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#EB7A43|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Werania)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]}}<br>{{legend2|#FF6A00|[[National Consolidation Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#ED1651|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! {{Abbr|No.|Number}}<br />
! width=5%| Portrait<br />
! width=10%| Name<br />
! Took office<br />
! Left office<br />
! Days<br />
! Election<br />
! Political Party<br />
! [[List of heads of state of Werania|Monarch]]<br />{{small|(Reign)}}<br />
|-<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|1<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Hw-metternich.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Prince}}<br>[[Ulrich von Bayrhoffer]]<br/><small>(1786-1862)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1842<br />
|5<sup>th</sup> April 1845<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1842|03|17|1845|04|05}}<br />
| [[1843 Weranian federal election|1842]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|rowspan="5"| [[Rudolf VI of Werania|Rudolf VI]]<br />[[File:Rudolf VI.jpg|70px]]<br />{{small|(1845-1850)}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Considered to be one of the key figures behind the unification of Werania, von Bayrhoffer dominated the early politics of the new state mentoring Emperor Sigismund. In internal affairs he promoted conservative reforms, extending the suffrage in 1846 but strengthening the power of the monarchy. In international affairs he aligned with the {{Wp|Pan-Germanism|pan-Weranicists}} pursuing an aggressive policy in annexing smaller Weranic state. He was dismissed in 1845 due to his aggressive foreign policy being seen as threatening to the Weranian-Estmerish alliance.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#dddddd; color:white;" rowspan="2"|2<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Anton von Reuss.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|General officer|General}}<br>[[Anton von Reuss]]<br/><small>(1796-1861)<br />
|5<sup>th</sup> April 1845<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1848<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1845|04|05|1848|03|17}}<br />
| [[1846 Weranian federal election|1846]]<br />
|{{wp|Independent (politics)|Nonpartisan}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A war hero from the [[Weranian War for Unification]] von Reuss assembled a largely conservative cabinet, although continued to rely on the pan-Weranicists to govern. His government pursued a more peaceful and less aggressive foreign policy with Werania's neighbours, in particularly with Estmere. He resigned due to fustration with dealing with parliament.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#dddddd; color:white;" rowspan="2"|3<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bilderrevolution0237.jpg|80px]]<br />
| rowspan="2"|{{wp|Count}}<br>[[Ferdinand Karl von Schönborn-Buchheim]]<br/><small>(1805-1863)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1848<br />
|8<sup>th</sup> June 1850<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1848|03|17|1850|06|08}}<br />
| -<br />
|{{wp|Independent (politics)|Nonpartisan}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|{{small|Appointed following von Reuss's resignation von Schönborn-Buchheim continued his moderate policies. Following the coronation of Adalbert as head of state von Schönborn-Buchheim was forced to depart from the premiership as Adalbert, considered to be closer to the pan-Weranicists, brought back von Bayrhoffer.}}<br />
|rowspan="40"| [[Adalbert of Werania|Adalbert]]<br />[[File:War diary of an American woman to the proclamation of the holy war, 1914 (1915) (14593833329).jpg|70px]]<br />{{small|(1850-1913)}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(1)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Hw-metternich.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Prince}}<br>[[Ulrich von Bayrhoffer]]<br/><small>(1786-1862)<br />
|8<sup>th</sup> June 1850<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> May 1856<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1850|06|08|1856|05|24}}<br />
| [[1850 Weranian federal election|1850]], [[1855 Weranian federal election|1855]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Returning to office, von Bayrhoffer promoted an aggressive foreign policy and a renewal in pan-Weranic sentiments to deal with an increasingly radical opposition in the country. In 1852 he led Werania into the [[War of the Triple Alliance]] in an attempt to unify the Weranian lands of [[Valduvia]] into Werania. The resulting war was a victory for Werania which gained the Zinnbage basin and Ruttland from Valduvian. However von Bayrhoffer was forced to resign after a failed revolution by former Septemeberist leader Sebastian Mertz led to a collapse in support for his cabinet.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#dddddd; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(3)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bilderrevolution0237.jpg|80px]]<br />
| rowspan="2"|{{wp|Count}}<br>[[Ferdinand Karl von Schönborn-Buchheim]]<br/><small>(1805-1863)<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> May 1856<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> October 1860<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1856|05|24|1860|10|07}}<br />
| [[1859 Weranian federal election|1859]]<br />
| {{wp|Independent (politics)|Nonpartisan}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|{{small|Appointed following von Bayrhoffer's ousting, von Schönborn-Buchheim commanded little authority with Emperor Adalbert taking an increasing role in state governance. Von Schönborn-Buchheim resigned in 1860 following the failure of his budget to pass through the Bundestag.}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|4<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha - Project Gutenberg etext 13103.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{wp|Prince}}<br>[[Franz Joseph, Prince of Oppolzer]]<br/><small>(1810-1874)<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> October 1860<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> March 1869<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1860|10|07|1869|03|14}}<br />
| [[1863 Weranian federal election|1863]], [[1867 Weranian federal election|1867]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The Prince of Oppolzer significantly expanded the franchise and liberalised tariffs on various agricultural goods. In foreign policy he attempted to deepen an alliance between Werania and [[Etruria]] alongside being a staunch advocate for Weranian imperialism abroad. He died in office in 1869.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|5<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust 1860.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Earl}}<br>[[Ludwig Gustav von Middendorff]]<br/><small>(1816-1880)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> March 1869<br />
|26<sup>th</sup> June 1870<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1869|03|14|1870|06|26}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A member of the Weranic-Ruttish nobility von Middendorff's cabinet fell in 1869 when a proposal to extend the vote to the "respectable working class" led to heated opposition within the Bundestag.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|6<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Kolowrat.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{wp|Viscount}}<br>[[Johann Franz von Gieslingen]]<br/><small>(1819-1882)<br />
|26<sup>th</sup> June 1870<br />
|18<sup>th</sup> May 1872<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1870|06|26|1872|05|18}}<br />
| [[1871 Weranian federal election|1871]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Gieslingen increased tariffs during his term and sought to come to better relations with the church regarding funding for schools. His cabinet was dismissed in 1872 over differences with the monarch and a lack of parliamentary support.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(5)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust 1860.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Earl}}<br>[[Ludwig Gustav von Middendorff]]<br/><small>(1816-1880)<br />
|18<sup>th</sup> May 1872<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> August 1875<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1872|05|18|1875|08|24}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>In his second term von Middendorff expanded the voting franchise with parliamentary support as well as the approval of the imperial house. He also significantly increased Weranic interventionism abroad being seen as a "{{wp|liberal interventionist}}". He was dismissed by the monarch for his support for free trade in 1875.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|7<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Carl von In Der Maur.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Joachim Schwarzenberg]]<br/><small>(1820-1882)<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> August 1875<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> February 1876<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1875|08|24|1876|02|16}}<br />
| [[1875 Weranian federal election|1875]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Considered a "creature of the king" Schwarzenberg lost popularity and authority quickly in his term becoming dependent on the imperial house. He voluntarily resigned on the advice of his cabinet in 1875.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(5)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust 1860.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Earl}}<br>[[Ludwig Gustav von Middendorff]]<br/><small>(1816-1880)<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> February 1876<br />
|3<sup>th</sup> October 1876<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1876|02|16|1876|10|03}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Returning to power as the only candidate with a majority in the Bundestag von Middendorff focus on the brewing crisis in Ruttland in his tenure. His failure to address Ruttish nationalism and his proposal to extend further autonomy to Ruttland lost him the support of the monarch and resulted in his resignation.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|8<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:EduardTaaffe.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Duke}}<br>[[Xaver von Aehrenthal]]<br/><small>(1815-1886)<br />
|3<sup>th</sup> October 1876<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1878<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1876|10|03|1878|03|17}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Catholic}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Aehrenthal's government was considered to be that of moderate conservatism implementing various welfare policies and factory regulation to increase the support of the government amongst the working class. However von Aehrenthal was dismissed from office following the Jutenberg scandal.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|9<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:WP Agenor Goluchowski der Jüngere.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Nicolas von Rheingold]]<br/><small>(1820-1882)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1878<br />
|5<sup>th</sup> September 1879<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1878|03|17|1879|09|05}}<br />
| [[1879 Weranian federal election|1879]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Catholic}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Rheingold continued his predecessor's policies but was to be seen as a weak figure due to his reliance on the monarchy. The conservatives lost support in the 1879 election and after failing to come to an accord with the legislature von Rheingold resigned a year later.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|10<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Kazimierz Badeni.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Ažuolas Kuzmickas]]<br/><small>(1837-1892)<br />
|5<sup>th</sup> September 1879<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1882<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1879|09|05|1882|03|17}}<br />
| - <br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The first Ruttish Channcelor Kuzmickas spent the majority of his office concerned with the "Ruttish question" and relations with [[Soravia]]. In both fields he was reckoned to be unsuccessful and as such resigned in 1882.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|11<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Alfred Potocki.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Baron}}<br>[[Bartholomäus von Littrow]]<br/><small>(1841-1906)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1882<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> April 1887<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1882|03|17|1887|04|07}}<br />
| [[1883 Weranian federal election|1883]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Littrow enjoyed support from both the monarch and the Bundestag. Under von Littrow industrialisation programmes were expanded as were colonial incentives. A reform of the banking system under von Littrow led to Werania to help develop one of the largest banking sectors in the world after [[Gaullica]]. He resigned in 1887 after his ministry lost support over alleged financial corruption.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(8)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:EduardTaaffe.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Duke}}<br>[[Xaver von Aehrenthal]]<br/><small>(1815-1886)<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> April 1887<br />
|26<sup>th</sup> November 1890†<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1887|04|07|1890|11|26}}<br />
| [[1883 Weranian federal election|1887]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Catholic}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Returning to office in 1887, von Aehrenthal attempted to implement sound fiscal policies and expand Weranic colonial interests abroad, being considered close to the colonial lobby. These attempts led to colonial border conflicts with Estmere and Gaullica that were unresolved in his term. He died in office in 1890.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|12<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal cropped.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Prince}}<br>[[Adolf Ritter von Kral]]<br/><small>(1842-1914)<br />
|26<sup>th</sup> November 1890<br />
|20<sup>th</sup> August 1894<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1890|11|26|1894|08|20}}<br />
| [[1891 Weranian federal election|1891]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Catholic}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Kral's government was considered to favour policies advocating for a strong national defence and imperialism abroad and reactionary conservatism domestically, making his government popular to conservative elements. His anti-leftism however led to the 189193 general strike which only ended after Interior Minister [[Konrad von Höhnel]] and the monarch were able to broker a compromise; Von Kral never regained authority and resigned in 1892.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|13<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst - Die Gartenlaube (1894) 773.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Konrad von Höhnel]]<br/><small>(1852-1926)<br />
| 20<sup>th</sup> August 1894<br />
| 6<sup>th</sup> May 1900<br />
| {{Age in years, months and days|1894|08|20|1900|05|06}}<br />
| [[1895 Weranian federal election|1895]], [[1899 Weranian federal election|1899]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|{{small|Considered a moderate conservative, von Höhnel mainly focused on foreign affairs. His term as premier saw Werania attempt to form an alliance with [[Gaullica]] but opposition from conservative elements and Werania's longstanding commitments with Estmere meant this policy was unsuccessfult. In 1898 von Höhnel presided over a shift in the Weranian party system when he formed a coalition government between his own Liberal Party and the Catholic Party. He resigned in 1900.}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(14)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-2004-1110-500, Leopold Graf Berchtold.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Mathias von Steichen]]<br/><small>(1871-1937)<br />
|6<sup>th</sup> May 1900<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> May 1903<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1900|05|06|1903|05|14}}<br />
| - <br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A largely conservative figure, von Steichen struggled to lower tariffs on food imports for fear of splitting the conservative coalition. He instead attempted to further expand the empire, but this was controversial amongst sections of the electorate wary of foreign adventurism. Opposition to higher bread tariffs led to a conservative defeat in the 1903 election.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|15<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Henry Campbell-Bannerman photo.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Baron}}<br>[[Casper von Staffort]]<br/><small>(1868-1952)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> May 1903<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> June 1907<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1903|05|14|1907|06|07}}<br />
| [[1903 Weranian federal election|1903]]<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A radical from a prominent Neevish family von Staffort led the first true party cabinet which was made up of a majority of radical party deputies. He was most notable for his secular reform in 1906 which enforced laïcité in the public realm weakening the power of the church particularly in education. Von Staffort was defeated by a conservative coalition in the 1907 election.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|16<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Comte de Broqueville (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Erich von Schätzle]]<br/><small>(1866-1931)<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> June 1907<br />
|27<sup>th</sup> May 1911<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1907|06|07|1911|05|27}}<br />
| [[1907 Weranian federal election|1907]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Schätzle formed a centre-right coalition relying on support from the Liberals. Over von Schätzle's term he {{wp|privatised}} the previous government's industrial holdings.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(15)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Henry Campbell-Bannerman photo.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Baron}}<br>[[Casper von Staffort]]<br/><small>(1868-1952)<br />
|27<sup>th</sup> May 1911<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> March 1912<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1911|05|27|1912|03|04}}<br />
| [[1911 Weranian federal election|1911]]<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Returning the radicals to power in the 1911 election, von Satffort formed a coalition that relied on parliamentary support from the socialists. He died in office in 1911 after attempting to improve labour legislation.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|17<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-H28785, Dr. Eduard David.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Gustav Kroetz]]<br/><small>(1860-1924)<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> March 1912<br />
|11<sup>th</sup> August 1913<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1912|03|04|1913|08|11}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Kroetz promoted parliamentary reform and the expansion of workers' rights. The [[Great Collapse]] in led to a fall of his the government as the socialists refused to support his austerity budget.</small><br />
|rowspan="18"| [[Leopold IV of Werania|Leopold IV]]<br />[[File:Ferdinand Schmutzer - Franz Ferdinand von Österreich-Este, um 1914.jpg|70px]]<br />{{small|(1913-1936)}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|18<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk 1925.PNG|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Otto Röttgen]]<br/><small>(1872-1935)<br />
|11<sup>th</sup> August 1913<br />
|23<sup>rd</sup> April 1914<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1913|08|11|1914|04|23}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Heading a reduced minority government Röttgen had little control of his party and was unable to solve the economic crisis. The government as a reult lost the 1914 election.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|19<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1973-011-02, Wilhelm Marx.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Baron}}<br>[[Walther von Pittermann]]<br/><small>(1860-1924)<br />
|23<sup>rd</sup> April 1914<br />
|19<sup>th</sup> October 1916<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1914|04|23|1916|10|19}}<br />
| [[1914 Weranian federal election|1914]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Premier von Blumentritt formed a centre-right coalition with support from the Catholic Social and Liberal parties. The government promoted conservative fiscal policies in response to the Great Collapse but this led to the recession to become prolonged. His government was extremely unpopular when it proved unable to deal with the economic fallout of the Great Collapse and collapsed in 1916.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(16)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Comte de Broqueville (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Erich von Schätzle]]<br/><small>(1866-1931)<br />
|19<sup>th</sup> October 1916<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> June 1917<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1916|10|19|1917|06|04}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Returning to power von Schätzle focused on maintaining Weranian financial confidence and shoring up the currency. Although he successfully passed devaluation off the gold standard this led to the collapse of his popularity and forced his resignation.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|20<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1988-0113-500, Franz v. Papen (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Duke}}<br>[[Wilhelm von Kuehnelt]]<br/><small>(1871-1947)<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> June 1917<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> April 1920<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1917|06|04|1920|04|07}}<br />
| [[August 1918 Weranian federal election|August 1918]]<br>[[October 1918 Weranian federal election|October 1918]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Kuehnelt led a government that continued economic retrenchment in coalition with other centre-right forces. In 1918 the coalition won re-election but was riven by internal factionalism. In 1920 von Kuehnelt resigned after losing a budget vote.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(19)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1973-011-02, Wilhelm Marx.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Baron}}<br>[[Walther von Pittermann]]<br/><small>(1860-1924)<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> April 1920<br />
|30<sup>st</sup> March 1921<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1921|04|07|1922|03|30}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Returning to power heading a coalition with the NLP and Landbund von Pittermann mainly focused on improving the economy. Political polarisation led to the government to lose a budget vote in 1921 and as a result be decimated at the 1921 elections.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#F0001C; color:white;" rowspan="2"|21<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Albrecht Küchenthal.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Albrecht Küchenthal]]<br/><small>(1868-1952)<br />
|30<sup>st</sup> March 1921<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> December 1921<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1921|03|19|1921|12|16}}<br />
| [[1921 Weranian federal election|1921]]<br />
| style="background:#F0001C; color:white;"|[[Weranic Section of the Workers' International|{{color|white|OSAI}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The first socialist to take office, Küchenthal formed government with an alliance between OSAI and the Radicals under a "popular front" strategy. Reforms in labour and industry were pursued such as the introduction of a 40-hour workweek. As a response to the Valduvian Revolution the OSAI disintegrated over launching a similar revolution leading to Küchenthal to be dismissed after revolutionary violence threatened to occur in Werania.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|22<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Von Ratzinger suit.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Hermann von Ratzinger]]<br/><small>(1872-1933)<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> December 1921<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> September 1924<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1922|03|30|1924|09|24}}<br />
| [[1922 Weranian federal election|1922]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Governing with the Catholics and the Liberals with the support of the Federal Presidency, von Ratzinger was openly admiring of the work of the Gaullican functionalist regime and attempted to build a corporatist state in Werania whilst undertaking a foreign policy of {{Wp|appeasement}} towards Gaullica. His heavy handed approach to left agitation led von Ratzinger to be accused of dictatorial tendencies. In 1924 his government collapsed leading him to petition Leopold VI to dismantle the Bundestag and suspend the constitution but was rebuffed, resigning from office when a new government was formed.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|23<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Michael Hainisch (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{wp|Baron}}<br>[[Reinhold von Schönborn-Herz]]<br/><small>(1859-1934)<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> September 1924<br />
|8<sup>th</sup> June 1929<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1924|09|24|1929|06|8}}<br />
| [[1924 Weranian federal election|1924]]<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Schönborn-Herz led a coalition government of the [[Rural Federation]], the [[Liberal Party (Werania)|Liberals]], the [[Social Democratic Party of Werania|SPO]] and the [[Radical Party (Werania)|Radicals]] as a compromise candidate to both the Bundestag and the monarchy, sitting in the House of Lords rather than the House of Deputies. Von Schönborn-Herz was unable to solve Werania's recession and was accused of practicing {{wp|appeasement}} towards functionalist [[Gaullica]] albeit still defending Werania's alliances with Etruria and Estmere. Expected to resign in 1927 to call new elections von Schönborn-Herz froze his planned resignation due to the outbreak of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], However he was seen to mismanage the oversight of the war, resulting in him being forced resign after his health failed.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(18)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk 1925.PNG|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Otto Röttgen]]<br/><small>(1872-1935)<br />
|8<sup>th</sup> June 1929<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> Octobet 1937<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1929|06|08|1937|10|14}}<br />
| [[1935 Weranian federal election|1935]]<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Creating a {{wp|grand coalition}} of the [[Rural Federation|LB]], [[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|KSP]], [[Liberal Party (Werania)|Liberals]], [[Radical Party (Werania)|Radicals]] and [[Social Democratic Party of Werania|SPO]] Röttgen was appointed as part of the [[Leopoldism|Leopoldist movement]]. Considered to be an effective war leader rallying the population behind the war effort and stabilising the war situation, Röttgen worked closely with Leopold IV and Chief of Staffs [[Karl von Straußenburg]] and [[Rupprecht Bormann]] in coordinating Weranic forces on the field. Röttgen was the Weranic delegate at the ultimate peace conference for the war which earned him the moniker the "premier of Victory". He left office in 1937 heading a reduced coalition of the SPO, Radicals and NLP.</small><br />
|rowspan="8"| [[Maximilian III of Werania|Maximilian III]]<br />[[File:CarlosDeAustriaHungríaDeLutoB5103649T5103653.jpg|70px]]<br />{{small|(1936-1944)}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|24<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146III-105, Joseph Wirth.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Gustav Blumentritt]]<br/><small>(1896-1970)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> October 1937<br />
|25<sup>th</sup> March 1939<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1937|10|14|1939|03|25}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Blumentritt continued Röttgens centrist coalition where he continued to support post war reconstruction policies. However his government fell in 1939 when the social democrats withdrew from the government triggering a new election. </small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|25<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Jan Masaryk .jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Hans Doblhoff-Dier]]<br/><small>(1868-1952)<br />
|25<sup>th</sup> March 1939<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> June 1941†<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1939|03|25|1941|06|17}}<br />
| [[1939 Weranian federal election|1939]]<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Doblhoff-Dier continued the five-party government albeit under a centre-left slant. His government attempted to use economic interventionism to deal with the financial crisis but faced persistent economic decline. He was killed during the Höcker Putsch after being defenestrated by the [[Weranic Syndicalist Union]].</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|26<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Heinrich Held, 1933 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Adalbert Nischwitz]]<br/><small>(1868-1952)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> June 1941<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> May 1942<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1941|06|17|1942|05|04}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Putting down the Höcker Putsch Nischwitz continued the centrist coalition of the Radicals, SPO, NLP, KSP and Landbund. The government however continued to be unable to deal effectively with social and economic problems and fell in 1942 leading to elections that were won by the right.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|27<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Dietrich zu Kolbenheyer.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Dietrich zu Kolbenheyer]]<br/><small>(1882-1944)<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> May 1942<br />
|13<sup>th</sup> September 1945<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1942|05|04|1945|09|13}}<br />
| [[1942 Weranian federal election|1942]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br><small>[[Fatherland Bloc|{{color|white|Fatherland Bloc}}]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A member of the House of Lords zu Kolbenheyer led the "[[Fatherland Bloc]]" of the KSP, Landbund and NLP after being recommended by the monarch as the only candidate with broad support. His government was mainly remembered in participating in colonial conflict and growing isolation from Werania's Euclean allies, especially after responding poorly to the outbreak of the Solarian War. He retired in 1945.</small><br />
|rowspan="20"| [[Otto XI of Werania|Otto XI]]<br />[[File:Otto XI.jpg|70px]]<br />{{small|(1944-1985)}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|28<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Dr Rössler.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Franz Rössler]]<br/><small>(1894-1968)<br />
|13<sup>th</sup> September 1945<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> May 1950<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1945|09|13|1950|05|17}}<br />
| [[1946 Weranian federal election|1946]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br><small>[[Fatherland Bloc|{{color|white|Fatherland Bloc}}]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Continuing the composition of the previous government Rössler intensified the war in Masari committing more troops to the conflict. The conduct of the war under Rössler's tenure attracted international criticism and massive losses for Weranic forces. In December 1949 Rössler presided over the [[Kirenian-Weranian War]] which saw Weranian forces defeated - this led to the [[Colonels putsch]] which whilst being put down destroyed the government leading to his resignation.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|29<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Josef Klaus 1964.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Walther Ritter von Dittmann]]<br/><small>(1884-1962)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> May 1950<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> August 1950<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1950|05|17|1950|08|07}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Appointed by the monarch, Stadtbäumer negotiated the end of the Weranian-Kirenian War. This led to the fall of his government and the defeat of the conservative coalition in the 1950 election.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#DE3163; color:white;" rowspan="2"|30<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Adolf Schärf (1961).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Viktor Beer-Hofmann]]<br/><small>(1892–1965)<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> August 1950<br />
|18<sup>th</sup> May 1955<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1950|08|07|1955|05|13}}<br />
|[[1950 Weranian federal election|1950]], [[1954 Weranian federal election|1954]]<br />
| style="background:#DE3163; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Party of Werania|{{color|white|SPO}}]]<br><small>[[Tripartite Majority|{{color|white|Tripartite Majority}}]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Invited to form government after the collapse of the right-wing coalition, Beer-Hofmann formed a grand coalition between OSAI, the SPO and the newly formed SDP. Re-orientating Werania's economic and foreign alignment to Euclean integration, Beer-Hofmann led Werania into the EC in 1955. Supporting progressive economic and social reforms, Beer-Hofmann controversially nationalised various industries including banks which alienated parts of the electorate. Despite winning re-election in 1954 in 1955 the KSP ended the grand coalition leading to a new federal election that saw the victory of the right-wing parties. Beer-Hofmann is the only [[Witterites|Witterite]] premier.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#EB7A43;" height=40|<br />
|rowspan="4"|[[File:Ludwig Erhard 916-1330.jpg|80px]]<br />
| rowspan="4"|[[Konstantin Vogel]]<br/><small>(1898-1976)<br />
| rowspan="2"|18<sup>th</sup> May 1955<br />
| rowspan="2"|16<sup>th</sup> May 1960<br />
| rowspan="2"|{{Age in years, months and days|1955|05|13|1960|05|16}}<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[1955 Weranian federal election|1955]], [[1959 Weranian federal election|1959]]<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Werania)|{{color|white|SDP}}]]<br>↓<br>[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2"|31<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" colspan="5"|{{small|A member of the SDP, Vogel oversaw the merger of the NLP, LDP and the SDP into one party in 1957. Considered the founder of the {{wp|social market economy}} Vogel oversaw a period of sustained economic growth. Vogel led the NKP to a majority government in several elections but lost popularity following budget cuts and a slowdown of economic growth, resulting in Vogel decling to run for another term as NKP president.</small>.}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" height=40|<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|32<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Rudolf Wiefelspütz.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[August von Münstermann]]<br/><small>(1902-1984)<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> May 1960<br />
|5<sup>th</sup> May 1963<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1960|05|16|1963|05|24}}<br />
| [[1963 Weranian federal election|1963]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>An effective technocrat and former Liberal, von Münstermann's administration saw high economic growth and deeper integration with the Euclean Community. He resigned in 1963 after ill health did not lead him to run for re-election as NKP party president </small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|33<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Rudolf Wiefelspütz 1965.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Rudolf Wiefelspütz]]<br/><small>(1914-2001)<br />
|5<sup>th</sup> May 1963<br />
|22<sup>nd</sup> April 1969<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1963|05|05|1969|04|22}}<br />
| [[1967 Weranian federal election|1967]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A leader of the Sotirian democratic wing of the party, Wiefelspütz implemented progressive policies in the justice and education systems. However his government was considered to be largely conservative in character. Wiefelspütz resigned as premier in 1969 after he failed to be re-elected NKP leader.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|34<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F024017-0001, Oberhausen, CDU-Parteitag Rheinland, Kiesinger.jpg (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Sigmar Welskopf-Henrich]]<br/><small>(1903-1986)<br />
|22<sup>nd</sup> April 1969<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> March 1972<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1969|04|22|1972|03|07}}<br />
|[[1971 Weranian federal election|1971]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A former Conservative Welskopf-Henrich led the NKP to a minority government in the 1971 election. His government continued moderately progressive social reforms whilst co-currently implementing budget cuts and reducing some of the welfare programmes. Welskopf-Henrich resigned in 1972 following massive student protests.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|35<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Persconferentie na afloop Overleg van de 9 , Den Haag Tindemans (premier Belgi, Bestanddeelnr 928-9156 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Renatas Vinkauskas]]<br/><small>(1922-2017)<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> March 1972<br />
|8<sup>th</sup> March 1980<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1972|03|07|1980|03|12}}<br />
| [[1972 Weranian federal election|1972]], [[1976 Weranian federal election|1976]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Elected to a party vote in 1972 to replace Welskopf-Henrich, Vinkauskas's term was dominated by rising inflation and unemployment. Austerity budgets led to a collapse in NKP support with their 24 year stint in government ending in the 1980 election.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;" rowspan="2"|36<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Ludwig Ostermann.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Ludolf Ostermann]]<br/><small>(1927-)<br />
|8<sup>th</sup> March 1980<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> July 1987<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1980|03|08|1987|07|16}}<br />
|[[1980 Weranian federal election|1980]], [[1984 Weranian federal election|1984]]<br />
| style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|{{color|white|SRPO}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Initially forming a government with the left wing OSAI from 1984onwards Ostermann formed a "purple government" with the liberal Modern Centre Party (PMZ). Ostermann also introduced major constitutional reform and deeper Euclean integration. In April 1987 the PMZ left the coalition leading to the collapse of his government and early elections that saw the NKP become the largest party.</small><br />
|rowspan="19"| [[Charlotte II of Werania|Charlotte II]]<br />[[File:Hare Majesteit koningin Beatrix, Bestanddeelnr 253-8757.jpg|70px]]<br />{{small|(1986-)}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|37<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Adolf Stahl.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Adolf Stahl]]<br/><small>(1924-1998)<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> July 1987<br />
|27<sup>th</sup> May 1991<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1987|07|16|1991|05|27}}<br />
| [[1987 Weranian federal election|1987]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Leading a government of the NKP and PMZ Stahl implemented neoliberal policies in his tenure. However strikes and industrial unrest were common under his premiership and in 1991 lost to a revitalised SRPO after only a term in office.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;" rowspan="2"|38<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Wolfgang Löscher2.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Wolfgang Löscher]]<br/><small>(1942-)<br />
|27<sup>th</sup> May 1991<br />
|18<sup>th</sup> May 1999<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1991|05|27|1999|05|18}}<br />
| [[Weranian federal election, 1991|1991]], [[Weranian federal election, 1995|1995]]<br />
| style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|{{color|white|SRPO}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Löscher led a coalition between the SRPO, the Greens and OSAI. The coalition was unstable. Löscher resigned in 1999 after his coalition lost to the NKP.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|39<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Šimonytė portrait.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Rasa Šimonytė]]<br/><small>(1952-)<br />
|18<sup>th</sup> May 1999<br />
|12<sup>th</sup> July 2009<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1999|05|18|2009|07|12}}<br />
|[[1999 Weranian federal election|1999]], [[2003 Weranian federal election|2003]], [[2007 Weranian federal election|2007]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The first female and Ruttish premier. Leading a majority government in her first term Šimonytė reorientated Werania to a less pro-Euclean policy and implemented conservative fiscal policies, privatising industry and reinvesting it into supporting tech startups. Dealing with economic collapse in 2005 Šimonytė implemented austerity policies avoiding a bailout from the [[Euclean Community]]. Šimonytė supported Euclean integration and greater fiscal liberalisation. She led the NKP to be re-elected to an additional term in 2007 but resigned in 2008 after choosing to become High Commissar of the EC.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|40<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Dietrich Wittmann portrait.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Dietrich Wittmann]]<br/><small>(1959-)<br />
|12<sup>th</sup> July 2009<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> June 2011<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|2009|07|12|2011|06|04}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The Wittmann government continued {{Wp|austerity}} measures to reduce Werania's budget deficit as well as toughen surveillance legalisation. In 2011 the NKP coalition lost its majority leading to Wittmann to resign from the premiership.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;" rowspan="2"|41<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Emilia Koopmann.jpeg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Emilia Koopmann]]<br/><small>(1968-)<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> June 2011<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> September 2013<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|2011|06|04|2013|09|14}}<br />
|[[2011 Weranian federal election|2011]]<br />
| style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|{{color|white|SRPO}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The second female Prime Minister, Koopman led a coalition government between the PMZ-SDT alliance and the SRPO. She continued the austerity policies of the previous government. Koopmann was ousted from the position as SRPO leader and thus premier after poor polling results prior to the 2015 federal election.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;" rowspan="2"|42<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Oberhauser portait.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Viktor Oberhauser]]<br/><small>(1959-)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> September 2013<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> Febuary 2018<br />
| {{Age in years, months and days|2013|09|14|2018|02|17}}<br />
|[[2015 Weranian federal election|2015]]<br />
| style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|{{color|white|SRPO}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Appointed as premier following Koopmann's resignation, Oberhauser formed a {{wp|Purple (government)|purple government}} of SRPO and PMZ following the 2015 election. Oberhauser has continued austerity measures despite opposition from his own party. He resigned after leading his party to defeat in upper house elections.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;" rowspan="2"|43<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Felder portrait.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Josef Felder]]<br/><small>(1955-)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> Febuary 2018<br />
|28<sup>th</sup> June 2019<br />
| {{Age in years, months and days|2018|02|17|2019|06|28}}<br />
| - <br />
| style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|{{color|white|SRPO}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The former Minister-President of Cislania Felder became premier out of the hope he would revive the SRPO's anaemic polling. However his combative style alienated supporters and in 2018 his attempt to call an early election was thwarted by his coalition partners. At the 2019 he led the SRPO to a historically poor result resulting in Felder's resignation.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|44<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Von Hößlin portrait.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Otto von Hößlin]]<br/><small>(1952-)<br />
|28<sup>th</sup> June 2019<br />
|1<sup>st</sup> July 2022<br />
| {{Age in years, months and days|2019|06|28|2022|07|01}}<br />
|[[2019 Weranian federal election|2019]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Elected in 2019, von Hößlin formed a coalition government with the NKP and the [[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]]. Under his goverment reform to the public sector and a close alignment with Estmere and Etruria were pursued. The Hosokawa scandal led to von Hößlin to decline to seek another term as NKP leader.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|45<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Raicevich official portait.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Anton Raicevich]]<br/><small>(1979-)<br />
|1<sup>st</sup> July 2022<br />
|Incumbent<br />
| {{Age in years, months and days|2022|07|01}}<br />
|[[2023 Weranian federal election|2023]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Appointed to succeed von Hößlin, Raicevich renewed the NKP-[[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|DA]] coalition.</small><br />
|}<br />
{{Template:Premiers of Werania}}<br />
{{Template:Werania}}<br />
[[Category:Werania]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_(Kylaris)&diff=754141List of sovereign states and dependent territories (Kylaris)2024-01-18T19:20:59Z<p>Britbong64: /* Sovereign states */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region icon Kylaris}}<br />
The following is a list of {{wp|Sovereign states|sovereign states}} and {{wp|Dependent territory|dependent territories}} around [[Kylaris|the world]]. It includes information on their location, population, and government. <br />
<br />
==Sovereign states==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Name<br />
! Capital<br />
! data-sort-type="number" | Population<br />
! Continent<br />
! Head of state<br />
! Head of government<br />
! Government type<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Alsland.png}} [[Alsland]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Alsland.png}} [[Yndyk]]<br />
| 11,384,499<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[President of Alsland|Hepke Veltman]]<br />
| [[Liekele Ykema]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Belarus (1918, 1991–1995).svg}} [[Amathia]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Belgrade.svg}} [[Arciluco]]<br />
| 35,852,332<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Presidency of Amathia]]<br />
| [[Maria Marcu]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ffff; color:black"| Directorial republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Baean Flag.png}} [[Ansan]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Baean Flag.png}} [[Sangang]]<br />
| 80,348,293<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Lee Seo-yeon]]<br />
| [[Park Young Chul]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon_image|Ardesiaflag.png}} [[Ardesia]]<br />
| {{flagicon_image|Remontflag2.png}} [[Rémont]] & {{flagicon_image|SaoAgostino_flag.png}} [[São Agostino]]<br />
| 54,335,100<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Frédéric Ardila]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Asase Lewa}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Asase Lewa}} [[Edudzi Agyeman City]]<br />
| 70,636,291<br />
| [[Bahia]]<br />
| [[Kwassi Kodjo]]<br />
| [[Presidium of the Supreme Workers' Council (Asase Lewa)|Presidium of the Supreme Workers' Council]]<br />
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon|AFR}} [[Asterian Federative Republic]]<br />
| {{flagicon|AFR}} [[Assunçã]]<br />
| 80,484,000<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Tomas Pereira]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Aucuria}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Aucuria}} [[Kalnaspilis]]<br />
| 44,223,510<br />
| [[Asteria Inferior]]<br />
| [[Žygimantas Barauskas]] <br />
| [[Petras Uspelevičius]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|AuzanceFlag1.png}} [[Auzance]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|AuzanceFlag1.png}} [[Cestiène]]<br />
| 11,461,385<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Houbêrt Louxhî]]<br />
| [[Catrene Burnot]]<br />
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Azmaran Flag.png}} [[Azmara]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Aalmsted Flag.jpeg}} [[Aalmsted]]<br />
| 10,029,100<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Harald Alekssun]]<br />
| [[Freidrik Aleksaanderssun]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Bistravia}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Bistravia}} [[Miensk]]<br />
| 10,422,100<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Bistravia|Viktor Kríž]]<br />
| [[Bistravia|Martina Ovoječka]]<br />
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Bonaventure}} <br />
| {{flagicon image|FlagDFQB.png}} [[Sermoni]]<br />
| 3,299,035<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
|colspan="2"|<center>[[Vinicio Nardiello]]</center><br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag_Borland.jpg}} [[Borland (Kylaris)|Borland]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag_newstead.jpg}} [[Newstead]]<br />
| 7,125,000<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Yoghen Hÿþman]]<br />
| [[Anita Hoven]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|BlostlandFlag.jpeg}} [[Blostland]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|RaudrenaFlag.jpg}} [[Raudrena]]<br />
| 6,101,832<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Ravel Backström]]<br />
| [[Tomas Lundberg]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|GlytterFlag.png}} [[Caldia]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Spálgleann_Flag.png}} [[Spálgleann]]<br />
| 9,257,180<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Kenneth IV]]<br />
| [[Stiofán Mac Suibhne]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|- <br />
| {{flagicon image|Annene flag.png}} [[Carucere]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Annene flag.png}} [[Carrefour]] <br />
| 537,238<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Neil Gaubina]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Cassier.png}} [[Cassier]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Cassier.png}} [[Nouvelle-Rayenne]]<br />
| 39,689,032<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
| [[Jean Tremblay]]<br />
|<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|- <br />
| {{flag|Champania}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Champania}} [[Lièn]]<br />
| 14,200,000<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Presidency of Champania|Presidency]]<br />
| [[Alixandre Bałôn]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ffff; color:black"| Directorial republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Chistovodia.png}} [[Chistovodia]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Chistovodia.png}} [[Misto Myru]]<br />
| 61,109,847<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
| [[Viktor Martynenko]]<br />
| [[Angelika Cuvillier]]<br />
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|DezevauFlag.svg}} [[Dezevau]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|DezevauFlag.svg}} [[Bazadavo]]<br />
| 331,710,157<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Congress of Twenties]]<br />
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|East Miersa}}<br />
| {{flagdeco|East Miersa}} [[Dyńsk]]<br />
| 21,740,000<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[East Miersa#Government and politics|Presidium]]<br />
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic<br />
|- <br />
| {{flagicon image|Eldmark.png}} [[Eldmark]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|FlagofHammarvik.png}} [[Hammarvik]]<br />
| 34,764,129<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
| [[Thyri I]]<br />
| [[Eno Ahaloke]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Estmere}}<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Morwall.png}} [[Morwall]]<br />
| 56,519,373<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Ted Leighton]]<br />
| [[Zoe Halivar]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon|Etruria}} [[Etruria]]<br />
| {{flagicon|Etruria}} [[Poveglia]]<br />
| 65,596,083<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| colspan="2" align="center"|[[Francesco Carcaterra]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Gapolania}}<br />
| {{flagicon image|Nassea_flag.png}} [[Nassea]]<br />
| 19,625,443<br />
| [[Asteria Inferior]] <br />
| [[Mosè Maggiacomo]]<br />
| [[Ivano Cerbone]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Garambura}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Garambura}} [[Mutimukuru]]<br />
| 19,294,441<br />
| [[Coius]] <br />
|[[Sylvain Sikali]]<br />
|[[Tumai Gwisai]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Brabantine Revolution.svg}} [[Gaullica]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Verlois.png}} [[Verlois]]<br />
| 87,176,289<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Monique Degar-Abdulrashid]]<br />
| [[Mathéo Turzyna]]<br />
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|HacyiniaFlag.png}} [[Hacyinia]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|HacyiniaFlag.png}} Dabulug<br />
| 28,046,377<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| Makbule Arda Khan<br />
| Zhandos Bekbolat<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|- <br />
| {{flag|Hennehouwe}} <br />
| {{flagicon image|Sholle_flag.png}} [[s'Holle]]<br />
| 15,424,398<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Adriaan Wilhelm Paulus]]<br />
| [[Mirjam Schutte]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Île d'Émeraude}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Île d'Émeraude}} [[Port-au-Grégoire]]<br />
| 1,546,923<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
| colspan="2" align="center"|[[Benjamin Claude]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Imagua and the Assimas}}<br />
|{{flagicon|Imagua and the Assimas}} [[Cuanstad]]<br />
| 1,306,505<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
| [[Edmondo Privitera]]<br />
| [[Douglas Egnell]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Kesselbourg}}<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Brussels-Capital Region Variant 2.svg}} [[Kesselbourg City]]<br />
| 1,424,500<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[William II, Prince of Kesselbourg|William II]]<br />
| [[Emmanuel Schmit]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Kitaubani}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Kitaubani}} [[Kwamuimepe]]<br />
| 21,974,231<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Medare I]]<br />
| [[Balarabe Zango]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|- <br />
| {{flagicon image|KuthinaFlag.png}} [[Kuthina]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Bangkok.svg}} [[Chaoban]]<br />
| 192,653,237<br />
| [[Southeast Coius]]<br />
| [[Sivaraksa]]<br />
| [[Kanok Devakula]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Screen Shot 2020-07-18 at 10.31.32 PM.png}} [[Lavana]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Screen Shot 2020-07-18 at 10.31.32 PM.png}} [[Pers]]<br />
| 49,842,742<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Laina Keomany]]<br />
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Maucha}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Maucha}} Kanyabahayadha<br />
| 30,955,202<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| colspan="2" align="center"|[[Werner Okonkwo]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Montecara}}<br />
| {{flag|Montecara}}<br />
| {{MC-pop}}<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| colspan="2" align="center"|[[College of State (Montecara)|College of State]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ffff; color:black"| Directorial republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Nainan}}<br />
| {{flagicon_image|Đại Hùng Đế quốc - Ngọc Giao.png}} [[Trinhieu]]<br />
| 83,840,654<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Cao Long Phong]]<br />
| [[Hoàng Lan Mai]]<br />
| style="background:#aa6f33; color:black"| Authoritarian republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Nakong}}<br />
| [[File:Flag of Ningcho.png|23px|border|link=Ningcho]] [[Ningcho]]<br />
| 15,901,548<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Diane Lau Yuet-kwong]]<br />
| [[Andrew Ng Fan-chiu]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Nirala}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Nirala}} [[Amit Rahul Sidhu City]]<br />
| 236,301,792<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Presidium of Nirala|Presidium]]<br />
| [[Navjot Kharoud]]<br />
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|North Kabu}}<br />
| {{flagicon|North Kabu}} Magelang<br />
| 8,073,283<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Dian Suripto]]<br />
| [[Kumat Dumarwulan]]<br />
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Nuvania}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Nuvania}} Pietersburg<br />
| 48,177,598<br />
| [[Asteria Inferior]]<br />
| [[S.P van Heerdens]]<br />
| [[Robert Marten]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Padaratha}} <br />
| {{flagicon|Padaratha}} Kandukur<br />
| 101,566,203<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| Rakshan Vadali<br />
| Gaurav Mahamuni<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|penduk}} <br />
| {{flagicon image|Lembut.png}} Tasik Lembut<br />
| 43,010,670<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| Demang Cahaya<br />
| Bertrand Sabtu<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|ParetiaFlag.png}} [[Paretia]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|PreceaFlagNew.png}} [[Precea]]<br />
|31,203,301<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Manuel III]]<br />
| [[Isilda Cerqueira]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia_(alternate).svg}} [[Piraea]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Thessaloniki.svg}} [[Alikianos]]<br />
| 7,484,889<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Presidency of Piraea|Andreas Milenkos-Vallou]]<br />
| [[Georgios Konstantinou]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon|Rizealand}} [[Rizealand]]<br />
| {{flagicon|Rizealand}} [[Camden]]<br />
| 64,571,281<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]] <br />
| colspan="2" align="center"|[[Barbara Ward]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Rwizikuru}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Rwizikuru}} [[Guta raMambo]]<br />
| 38,903,392<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Munashe Ngonidzashe]]<br />
| [[Tsuru Mawere]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Sabaw}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Sabaw}} [[Saab]]<br />
| 38,282,949<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Bekathen Sadek]]<br />
| [[Yaghmurasen Azam]]<br />
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|SKHFlag4.png}} [[Salikhia]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|MtavarangeloziFlag.png}} [[Mtavarangelozi]]<br />
| 9,964,740<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Miku Datunashvili]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|SataviaFlag.png}} [[Satavia]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the National Capital District.png}} [[Port Hope]]<br />
| 24,581,912<br />
| [[Asteria Inferior]]<br />
| [[Jago Elliot]]<br />
| [[Arthur Warwick]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Satucinflag.png}} [[Satucin]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Satucinflag.png}} [[Gatôn]]<br />
| 201,105,368<br />
| [[Asteria Inferior]]<br />
| [[Théodore d'Amédor|Théodore I]]<br />
| [[Martin Allaire]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|SCflag.png}} [[Sainte-Chloé]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Nadur.svg}} [[Port de la Sainte]]<br />
| 10,456,998<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
| [[Michel Thiele]]<br />
| [[Genevieve Chevallier]]<br />
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Scovern}}<br />
| {{flagicon image|Rimso flag.png}} [[Rimso]]<br />
| 27,116,263<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Henrik, King of Scovern|Henrik]]<br />
| [[Ine-Linda Nesby]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Senria}}<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Kyoto City.svg}} [[Keisi]]<br />
| 258,751,620<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Reika Okura]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Siamat.png}} [[Siamat]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Seal_of_Phnom_Penh.svg}} [[Mouráng]]<br />
| 36,564,398<br />
| [[Southeast Coius]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | Fabien Nhean<br />
| style="background:#aa6f33; color:black"| Authoritarian republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Soravia}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Soravia}} [[Samistopol]]<br />
| 114,634,525<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Alexei Kadnikov]]<br />
| [[Nikita Boldaiv]]<br />
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Kantemosha & Ambrazka}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Kantemosha & Ambrazka}} [[Koskunen]]<br />
| 16,520,820<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Bohumír Biely]]<br />
| [[Heimo Hämäläinen]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|South Kabu}}<br />
| {{flagicon|South Kabu}} [[Kutha Pamungkas]]<br />
| 7,841,984<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Tirto Sutikno]]<br />
| [[Susilo Dwi]]<br />
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon_image|TengariaFlag.png}} [[Tengaria]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Narnia_(New_Dynasty).svg}} [[Lenovo]]<br />
| 22,350,000<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Teodora Kovacheva]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|- <br />
| {{flag|Tiwura}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Tiwura}} [[Omamiri]]<br />
| 59,123,024<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Reginald Akinlabi]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Asafiyah Flag.png}} [[Tsabara]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Asafiyah Flag.png}} [[Adunis]]<br />
| 59,115,236<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Nazim al'Qutayni]]<br />
| [[Aslan Ocalan]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|- <br />
| {{flag|Valduvia}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Valduvia}} [[Priedīši]] <br />
| 55,279,300<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Presidium of Valduvia|Presidium]]<br />
| [[Janis Vilks]]<br />
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic<br />
|- <br />
| {{flagicon image|ProperVinalianFlag.png}} [[Vinalia]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|ProperVinalianFlag.png}} [[Vinalinsk]] <br />
| 24,632,731<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
| [[Ersnt Rupold]]<br />
| [[Omelyan Pavlov]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Werania.png}} [[Werania]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Werania.png}} [[Westbrücken]]<br />
| 58,579,684<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Charlotte II of Werania|Charlotte II]]<br />
| [[Anton Raicevich]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|- <br />
| {{flag|West Miersa}}<br />
| {{flagicon|West Miersa}} [[West Żobrodź]]<br />
| 17,906,711<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
|colspan=2 align="center" | [[Adrian Rozak]]<br />
| style="background:#aa6f33; color:black"| Authoritarian republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Shangea}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Shangea}} [[Rongzhuo]]<br />
| 745,173,574<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Yuan Xiannian]]<br />
| [[Wen Kezhi]]<br />
| style="background:#aa6f33; color:black"| Authoritarian republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Yemet}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Yemet}} [[Girota]]<br />
| 91,991,000<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Ubaxle Asad]]<br />
| style="background:#6b8e23; color:black"| Military junta<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon|UNIR}} [[Zorasan]]<br />
| {{flagicon|UNIR}} [[Zahedan, UTC|Zahedan]]<br />
| 320,429,199<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Vahid Isfandiar]]<br />
| [[Farzad Akbari]]<br />
| style="background:#aa6f33; color:black"| Authoritarian republic<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Sovereign entities==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Name<br />
! Capital<br />
! Continent<br />
! Head<br />
! Government type<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Vatican_flag_before1808.svg}} [[Petrine See]]}}<br />
| {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of Solaria.png}} [[Solaria]]*}}<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Pope Joseph]]}}<br />
| style="background:#ff6666; color:black"| {{nowrap|Absolute monarchy}}<br />
| style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:90%;"|Sovereign entity representing the {{wp|Pope}} (who has the prerogatives of a {{wp|head of state}}) and the administration of the [[Solarian Catholic Church]], with a long history of diplomatic relations. Owns {{wp|extraterritorial}} property in [[Etruria]], especially in the Tibernum region of the city of [[Solaria]]. A permanent non-member observer to the [[Community of Nations]] with diplomatic relations with over 65 CN member states.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Dependent territories==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Name<br />
! Capital<br />
! Sovereign state<br />
! data-sort-type="number" | Population<br />
! Administrator<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Patrick Islands}} [[Patrick Islands|Naua Roa]]}}<br />
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Patrick Islands}} [[Patrick's Town]]}}<br />
|{{flag|Satavia}}<br />
|28,934<br />
|[[Dara Niuꞌa]]<br />
|style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:90%;"|According to the Satavian Government, the islands are independent and in free association with Satavia; however, the CN maintains that they are a non-self-governing dependent territory.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==States with limited recognition==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Name<br />
! Capital<br />
! data-sort-type="number" | Population<br />
! Continent<br />
! Head of state<br />
! Head of government<br />
! Government type<br />
! Sovereignty dispute<br />
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px;" | Status of sovereignty<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_heijiang3.png}} [[Heijiang]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_heijiang3.png}} [[Chashan]]<br />
| 8,394,746<br />
| [[Southeast Coius]]<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Pan Jiayong]]}}<br />
| [[Jiang Meiying]]<br />
| style="background:#aa6f33; color:black"| Authoritarian republic<br />
| style="background:LightCoral; color:black" | Claimed by [[Kuthina]]<br />
| <span style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:90%;"><br />
Unilaterally seceded from [[Kuthina]] in November 2008, with de facto independence being achieved in 2009 after [[Operation Eastern Protection|Xiaodong's invasion]] of the area. [[ROSPO|4 CN Member States]] recognise it, while the [[Community of Nations]] officially classes it as Kuthine territory under foreign occupation.<br />
</span><br />
|-<br />
| {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Kulo_State.png}} [[Kulo State]]}}<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Kulo_State.png}} [[Yokhonzela]]<br />
| 2,091,882<br />
| [[Bahia]]<br />
| [[Dumisile Xhibeni Chacha]]<br />
| [[Bongdani Malusi]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
| style="background:LightCoral; color:black" | Claimed by [[Yemet]] and [[Maucha]]<br />
| <span style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:90%;"><br />
Unilaterally declared independence as the Kulo State during the [[Yemeti Civil War]] in January 1980, having been de facto independent since the defeat of the Yemeti Army in the [[Battle of Mabengela]] in August 1971 and the following withdrawal from Kulo-claimed territory. Internationally unrecognised by any member state of the [[Community of Nations]], which views the territory as owned by Yemet and Maucha divided along the pre-insurgency border.<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon_image|Flag of the Mongolian People's Republic (1940–1945).svg}} [[Yoloten]]<br />
|{{flagicon_image|Flag of the Mongolian People's Republic (1940–1945).svg}} [[Yoloten|Ikinaryq]]<br />
| 1,100,000<br />
| [[Southeast Coius]]<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Yoloten|Balagachi Bekzhangsy]]}}<br />
| [[Yoloten|Kanoa Bakhtzhany]]<br />
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic<br />
| style="background:LightCoral; color:black" | Claimed by [[Hacyinia]]<br />
| <span style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:90%;"><br />
Established in 1993 following the [[Hacyinian-Lavanan_wars_and_conflicts#Yoloten_War_.281992-1993.29|Yoloten War]] by Lavana in support of the Provisional Administrative and Military Front of the Yoloten (PAMFY). A secessionist militant group which sought to establish a Councilist state in the former [[Partition of Southeast Coius|Princely State of Yoloten]], which during the partition of Estmerish Southeast Coius in 1940 was promised to [[Hacyinia]] by Estmerish authorities, but its {{wp|Lao people|Kachai}} Zeja opted to join Lavana instead. With the state being annexed into Hacyinia shortly after. Only 3 CN states [[Yoloten#Recognition|recognize]] it all Councilist states. In 2022 the territory of the country was reduced following the [[2022 Hacyinia-Lavana war]].<br />
</span><br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Kylaris}}<br />
[[Category:Countries (Kylaris)]]<br />
[[Category:Lists (Kylaris)]]<br />
[[Category:Politics (Kylaris)]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Weranic_Section_of_the_Workers%27_International&diff=753555Weranic Section of the Workers' International2024-01-17T03:54:33Z<p>Britbong64: Britbong64 moved page Weranic Section of the Workers' International to Weranian Section of the Workers' International</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Weranian Section of the Workers' International]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Weranian_Section_of_the_Workers%27_International&diff=753554Weranian Section of the Workers' International2024-01-17T03:54:25Z<p>Britbong64: Britbong64 moved page Weranic Section of the Workers' International to Weranian Section of the Workers' International</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political party<br />
| name = Weranic Section of the Workers' International<br />
| native_name = Ostisch Sektion der Arbeiter Internationale<br />
| logo = OSAI logo.png<br />
| colorcode = #F0001C<br />
| abbreviation = '''OSAI'''<br />
| leader1_title = First Secretary<br />
| leader1_name = [[Veronika Althammer]]<br />
| leader3_title = Parliamentary leader<br />
| leader3_name = Peter Lötzsch<br />
| leader4_title = <br />
| leader4_name = <br />
| leader2_title = Deputy Chairperson <br />
| leader2_name = tba<br />
| founder = <br />
| foundation = 2 February 1901<br />
| predecessor = Weranian Socialist Party<br>Weranian Socialist Workers' Party<br />
| headquarters = [[Westbrucken]]<br />
| youth_wing = Weranic Socialist Youth Movement<br />
| student_wing = <br />
| membership = 500,000 (claimed supporters)<br />
| ideology = {{wp|Impossibilism}}<br>{{wp|Communism}}<br>{{wp|Socialism}}<br>{{wp|Anti-capitalism}}<br>{{wp|Republicanism}}<br />
| position = {{wp|Left-wing}} to {{wp|far-left}}<br />
| european = Mixed Radical Left<br />
| international = [[Congress of the Workers' International]]<br />
| europarl = <br />
| colours = {{colorbox|#F0001C|border=darkgray}} Red<br />
| anthem = {{wp|The Standard of Revolt|Die Rote Fahne<br><small>The Red Flag</small>}}<br>[[File:MediaPlayer.png|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lesDgJNinKQ|200px]]<br />
| seats1_title = {{nowr|[[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]]}}<br />
| seats1 = {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|22|545|#F0001C}}<br />
| seats2_title = [[House of Councillors (Werania)|House of Councillors]]<br />
| seats2 = {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|5|232|#F0001C}}<br />
| seats4_title = {{wp|Landtage}}<br />
| seats4 = {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|88|1151|#F0001C}}<br />
| seats5_title = [[Euclean Parliament]]<br />
| seats5 = {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|6|122|#F0001C}}<br />
| flag = Flag of OSAI.png<br />
| website = <br />
| country = Werania<br />
}}<br />
The '''Weranic Section of the Workers' International''' ({{wp|German language|Weranic}}: '''Ostisch Sektion der Arbeiter Internationale''') abbreviated and commonly known as the '''OSAI''' is a {{Wp|socialism|socialist}} political party in Werania. The oldest political party in Werania form its creation in 1901 to the 1980's it was the dominant {{wp|left-wing}} political party in the country and one of the most important parties in the country's political history. <br />
<br />
The OSAI was founded as a merger between the more radical Weranian Socialist Party and the more reformist Weranian Socialist Workers' Party during the [[International (Kylaris)|International]] in 1901, becoming a unified party of the Weranian socialist party. It emerged as the primary opposition to the conservative-liberal duopoly in that period, competing with the [[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|Catholic Social Party]] following the institution of universal male suffrage. Following the [[Great Collapse]] the OSAI agreed to cooperate with the centre-left [[Radical Party (Werania)|Radical Party]] in the 1918 elections, leading to a split-off by the [[Weranic Syndicalist Union]] to occur. . <br />
<br />
In 1918 the OSAI became the largest party in the Volkstag and led government under the charismatic leadership of Albrecht Küchenthal who formed a government with the Radicals. Küchenthal's assassination in 1918 saw the unity between {{Wp|socialism|socialists}}, {{Wp|social democracy|social democrats}}, {{wp|communism|communists}} and {{Wp|syndicalism|syndicalists}} weaken. The April Revolution in Kirenia saw the party split between the majority who supported the revolution and the minority who were more lukewarm in their support. The minority subsequently formed a coalition with the conservatives splitting to create the [[Social Democratic Party of Werania]] (SPO). The split permanently divided the socialist movement in Werania between more statist, social-democratic moderates in the SPO and the more syndicalist, socialist radicals in the OSAI. Another split would occur in 1925 with the creation of the [[Workers' Party of Werania]].<br />
<br />
The OSAI would maintain its place as the largest political party throughout the 1920's although it was subject to a ''{{wp|cordon sanitaire}}'' by the political centre and right. During the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] the majority of the OSAI would support the government (the {{wp|Burgfriedenspolitik|landsmann union}}) with the internal pacifist wing opposed to the "''bourgeois war''". Although the party hoped to play a role in the post-war reconstruction the right continued the ''cordon sanitaire'' through the perpetuation of the so-called "[[National Bloc (Werania)|National Bloc]]" governments which increasingly tended towards the far-right. <br />
<br />
The OSAI was united in opposition to the colonial wars in [[Masari]] during the 1940's and the later [[Kirenian-Weranian War]]. The defeat to Kirenia led to the OSAI to alongside the SPO and the KSP agree to the creation of the tripartite governments, an alliance of socialists, social-democratic reformists and Sotirian democrats. Although the OSAI was the largest party in the coalition it was led by a social democrat, [[Viktor Beer-Hofmann]]. The tripartite governments would see Werania reorient into a pro-Euclean direction and lay the foundations of the Weranian {{wp|welfare state}}. The OSAI however left government in 1955 when the KSP withdrew from the coalition forming a government with other conservatives. <br />
<br />
The formation of a unified right-wing party - the [[National Consolidation Party]] (NKP) - in 1957 would lead to the OSAI to lose its place as Werania's largest political party, although it would continue to dominate the left-wing through its alliance to the largest trade union federation, the Weranian Federation of Workers (OAV). The OSAI would begin to be eclipsed on the left by the formation of the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]] who would become the opposition in 1980. In 1984 the SRPO and OSAI formed a coalition government under [[Ludolf Ostermann]] which implemented radical left-wing policies including nationalisation of industry and a move towards a "socialist society". However in 1987 Ostermann made a radical u-turn towards a more {{wp|neoliberalism|neoliberal}}, austerity-focused approach due to pressure from the [[Euclean Community]]. The OSAI was split between those who supported the Ostermann government and joined the SRPO and those who continued to support left-wing policies - notably the majority of the Ruttish section of the party defected to the SRPO leading to the OSAI to lose most of its support at the 1988 election. <br />
<br />
As a result of the loss of support the OSAI began a move to the centre, jettisoning some of its most radical policies and attempting to present a more democratic socialist profile. In 1995 the OSAI entered a coalition with the SRPO and [[Green Party - Ecological Action|Green Party]] which governed until the 1999 election when it was defeated by a conservative majority. The OSAI would continue to decline to the status as a minor party during the 2000's, briefly becoming the third largest party following the 2005 financial crisis before again declining after 2011. The OSAI fell to its lowest seat share since its creation in the 2019 federal election. <br />
<br />
The OSAI support the creation of a society based on socialism, internationalism and pacifism through the creation of a Weranian ''Räterepublik''. The OSAI continue to be mainly supported by industrial workers', students and intellectuals continuing to be associated with the OAV trade union federation. <br />
==History==<br />
===Context===<br />
[[File:Karl Marx.png|thumb|250px|[[Bastian Fischart]] was one of the most prominent early supporters of socialist policies in Weranian politics.]]<br />
Weranian socialist politics traces it's origins back to the [[Easter Revolution]] when radical members of the republican movement attempted to institute a new republic in the city of Wiesstadt in 1856 following the end of the [[War of the Triple Alliance]]. Although the revolution was led by people such as Sebastian Mertz who represented the classical republican movement more radical figures advocated for {{wp|utopian socialism|utopian socialist}} goals. The most prominent was the literary writer Bastian Fischart who promoted a synthesis between the {{wp|Jacobin (politics)|republican mainstream}} and the nascent {{wp|Pre-Marx socialists|socialist movement}}, whose theory of {{Wp|Mutualism (economic theory)|mutualism}} sought to combine republican virtue with a socialist view of class relations. The Easter Revolution's ultimate failure led to the Weranian socialist movement to disperse as the more conservative republicans rejected the increasing {{wp|Marxism|Nemtsovite}} thought of the influential philosopher [[Yuri Nemtsov]]. <br />
<br />
The suppression of the Easter Revolution meant the Weranian left was bitterly divided. Republicans often saw the socialists with distrust whilst the exile of prominent left-wing politicians meant the left often had no unifying figure to rally behind. Fischart was seen as the most viable candidate being a charismatic orator and respected writer mainly for his play ''{{Wp|Goethe's Faust|Amort}}'' and historical novel {{wp|Les Misérables|Eine Tragödie}} but his long exile abroad and his own often eclectic political beliefs frustrated efforts to unify the Weranian left. <br />
<br />
In the 1870's the Weranian government issued an amnesty on those who had participated in the Easter Revolution allowing them to return from exile to Werania. Fischart attempted to unify the Weranian left behind a single republican movement but his own weak health meant this collapsed in 1874 with his death. [[Ludwig Vollmar]] subsequently created the [[Weranian Socialist Party]] (''Ostischersozialistische Partei''; OSP), the first {{wp|socialism|socialist}} political party in Werania. Vollmar sympathetic to {{Wp|syndicalism}} being opposed to parliamentary politics, being accused of {{wp|impossibilism}} by more moderate socialists. Nevertheless syndicalist influence in the Weranian Federation of Workers' (''Ostischer Arbeitsverband''; OAV) meant that the OSP had strong influence within Weranian society even gaining seats in the [[Bundestag of Werania|Bundestag]].<br />
<br />
Tensions grew within the OSP between the leadership gathered around the increasingly ageing Vollmar and {{wp|Possibilism (politics)|possibilists}} grouped around Joachim Heisenberg. Heisenberg supported a passive strategy regarding the formation of centre-left governments in contrast to Vollmar who supported a more confrontational approach. This disconnect led to in 1880 Heisenberg supporting the {{wp|liberalism|liberal}} government of Ažuolas Kuzmickas - as a result Vollmar and his supporters had Heisenberg expelled from the OSP. Heisenberg subsequently created the [[Weranian Socialist Workers' Party]] (''Ostischersozialistische Arbeiterpartei''; OSAP) which supported a more {{wp|evolutionary socialism|evolutionary form of socialism}}. <br />
<br />
The OSP and OSAP split combined with continued suffrage restrictions of much of the male working class constrained the development of socialist politics in Werania. Although both parties supporting the creation of a socialist republic that would repudiate both monarchism and capitalism they differed widely on how to achieve such a goal with the OSP generally supporting a revolutionary approach that would lead to them seizing power in a {{wp|general strike}} whilst the OSAP was more supportive of a reformist approach actively promoting parliamentary routes to socialism. The OSAP never became more powerful then the OSP in terms of membership or influence due the OSP continuing to gather support from the OAV which became more radical in it's syndicalist goals. Additionally some socialists refused to be associated with either party, tending to be more moderate and sitting in the "Republican Bloc" in the House of Deputies. <br />
{{multiple image |perrow=2 |total_width=300|align=left<br />
|image1=Friedrich Engels (enhanced).jpg |width1=150 <br />
|image2=Wilhelm Liebknecht 2.jpg |width2=150<br />
|footer=[[Ludwig Vollmar]] (left) was considered to be leader of the {{Wp|Impossibilism|impossibilists}} whilst [[Joachim Heisenberg]] was the leader of the {{wp|Possibilism (politics)|possibilists}}.<br />
}}<br />
In 1883 a general strike was called. Ostensibly the strike was in support of {{wp|universal suffrage}} but many within the movement called for the creation of a socialist republic and other more revolutionary aims. The disunity among the left in relation to the strike led to the conservative cabinet of [[Xaver von Aehrenthal]] fearful of a second Easter Revolution to crush the strike sending the National Guard to use force to break up workers' and arresting revolutionary agitators. A series of anti-socialist laws were passed whose intent was to cripple the OSP and OSAP - trade unions were banned, meetings of socialist groups restricted and censorship of the press imposed. <br />
<br />
The passage of the anti-socialist laws meant that the unification of the OSP and OSAP into a single socialist movement gathered momentum in the 1880's and 1890's. Both parties circumvented the anti-socialist laws by running for the Bundestag as independents and holding many of their meetings across the border in [[Azmara]] and [[Estmere]]. Both parties additionally became united behind the common cause of ending the anti-socialist laws. In 1891 another general strike calling for the repeal of the anti-socialist laws was held that paralysed Werania for over a week. With the government fearful of the strike escalating into a revolution King Adalbert overruled the objections of conservative [[Premier of Werania|premier]] [[Adolf Ritter von Kral]] allowing interior minister [[Konrad von Höhnel]] to repeal the anti-socialist laws leading to the re-legalisation of trade unions. <br />
<br />
Despite the victory in repealing the anti-socialist laws the Weranian left remained divided, not least due to the insistence of the OSAP to be part of a republican rather then socialist coalition resulting in cooperation remained limited and haphazard. The development of the [[Radical Party (Werania)|Radical Party]] in the latter half of the 1890s following the general strike presented the socialist movement with a bourgeoise-dominant progressive organisation which was capable of harnessing social movements for their own ends. The reformed OAV additionally quickly announced it would not adopt any official links with political parties instead announcing it would support revolutionary {{wp|syndicalism}}. <br />
<br />
The death of Vollmar and his replacement with [[Albrecht Küchenthal]], a more moderate figure who supported a unified leftist front helped lead to a limited reconciliation between the OSP and OSAP although party-to-party relations remained poor. Both parties became part of the Workers' International during this period.<br />
<br />
===Founding and early years===<br />
[[File:Stuttgart-congress-of-second-international-1907-iisg-big-1.jpg|thumb|250px|The formation of the party at the 1901 Workers' International.]]<br />
The 1901 Socialist Internationale at the Gaullican city of Épernon saw the OSP and the OSAP attend as affiliated members. Due to pressure from other delegates the two parties decided to merge into a single political party, the Weranic Section of the Workers' International (''Ostisch Sektion der Arbeiter Internationale''; OSAI). The new party faced an immense challenge - it was in the undesirable position of being squeezed between the progressive liberalism of the Radicals and the revolutionary syndicalism of the OAV, a predicament accentuated by the fact that the OSAI itself was divided between its impossibilist and possibilist wings initially represented by Küchenthal and Heisenberg respectively. <br />
<br />
The first party conference was held in June 1901 in the city of Burge. Impossibilists were the majority at the conference and so the 1901 party programme - known as the Burge Programme - reflected their influence. Written by Küchenthal, Leopold Reichenau and Matthias Prochnow the document rejected reformism and revisionism in the political sphere arguing that such measures strengthened capitalism and led to more contradictions for socialist parties ultimately being detrimental to the development of socialism. The document called for an {{wp|orthodox Marxism|orthodox Nemsovite}} approach to socialist development encouraging the development of socialism through the emergent result of advances in material development and revolutionary consciousness. The party endorsed the so-called "dual pressure" strategy - taking over institutions of the state through electoral means in order to introduce policies such as {{wp|nationalisation}} and encouraging and developing revolutionary sentiment through the trade union movement. <br />
<br />
The OSAI during the 1900's became a "social phenomenon". They published their own paper, the ''Arbeiterpost'', and worked closely with the OAV to provide consul for Weranian workers' over labour issues. In the Bundestag the OSAI steadily grew into one of the largest parties in the assembly particularly after the Radical-led governments of [[Casper von Kléber]] introduced universal male suffrage and electoral reform in 1905. Due to their increased presence in the Bundestag the OSAI were responsible for supporting various legislation such as a reduction in food prices, the abolition of {{wp|child labour}} and the introduction of greater protections for workers'. The OSAI strongly supported the 1911 Secularisation Law that introduced a form of {{wp|laïcité}} to Werania. However attempts to introduce social security or work towards more radical goals were blocked by bourgeois parties and the OSAI strongly opposed the {{wp|union busting}} policies of the Radical party.<br />
<br />
The increasing success of the reformist drive led to greater dissent within the party and the socialist movement as a whole. Although ideologically identified with the impossibilists Küchenthal had increasingly taken a revisionist line on Nemosovitism supporting the notion of infiltrating and reshaping the instructions of state to achieve socialism through alliances with republican and radical forces.<br />
<br />
===United Front===<br />
===Wartime and postwar period===<br />
===Tripartite governments===<br />
===Main opposition===<br />
===Ostermann government===<br />
===Decline===<br />
<br />
==Ideology==<br />
==Organisation==<br />
===Leader===<br />
====Chairpeople (1901-1932)====<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!№<br />
!Leader<br />
!Portrait<br />
!Took Office<br />
!Left Office<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#F0001C; color:white;"|<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|{{small|Collective leadership}}<br><br />
{|style="text-align: center;"<br />
|{{small|[[Albrecht Küchenthal]]}}<br />
|{{small|[[Joachim Heisenberg]]}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:August Bebel c1900.jpg|90x90px]]<br />
|[[File:Wilhelm Liebknecht 2.jpg|90x90px]]<br />
|}<br />
|2 February 1901<br />
|8 March 1910<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#F0001C; color:white;"|<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|{{small|Collective leadership}}<br><br />
{|style="text-align: center;"<br />
|{{small|[[Albrecht Küchenthal]]}}<br />
|{{small|[[Matthias Prochnow]]}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:August Bebel c1900.jpg|90x90px]]<br />
|[[File:KurtEisner1919.jpg|90x90px]]<br />
|}<br />
|8 March 1910<br />
|16 June 1919<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#F0001C; color:white;"|<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|{{small|Collective leadership}}<br><br />
{|style="text-align: center;"<br />
|{{small|[[Aurimas Kreickamas]]}}<br />
|{{small|[[Matthias Prochnow]]}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas.jpg|90x90px]]<br />
|[[File:KurtEisner1919.jpg|90x90px]]<br />
|}<br />
|16 June 1919<br />
|24 April 1923<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#F0001C; color:white;"|<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|{{small|Collective leadership}}<br><br />
{|style="text-align: center;"<br />
|{{small|[[Aurimas Kreickamas]]}}<br />
|{{small|[[Catarina Pollmächer]]}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas.jpg|90x90px]]<br />
|[[File:Fischer-Ruth-1924-Bain.jpg|90x90px]]<br />
|}<br />
|24 April 1923<br />
|14 May 1926<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#F0001C; color:white;"|<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|{{small|Collective leadership}}<br><br />
{|style="text-align: center;"<br />
|{{small|[[Aurimas Kreickamas]]}}<br />
|{{small|[[Anton Eichenwald]]}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas.jpg|90x90px]]<br />
|[[File:Ernst Toller 1923.jpg|90x90px]]<br />
|}<br />
|14 May 1926<br />
|14 August 1932<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====First Secretary (1932-present)====<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!№<br />
!Leader<br />
!Portrait<br />
!Took Office<br />
!Left Office<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#F0001C; color:white;"|1<br />
|[[Aurimas Kreickamas]]<br />
|[[File:Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas.jpg|90x90px|centre]]<br />
|14 August 1932<br />
|5 October 1936<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#F0001C; color:white;"|2<br />
|[[Lothar Gotthold]]<br />
|[[File:Dietrich Gotthold.jpg|90x90px|centre]]<br />
|5 October 1936<br />
|22 July 1940<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#F0001C; color:white;"|3<br />
|[[Eduard Hoffmann]]<br />
|[[File:Eduard Hoffmann.png|90x90px|centre]]<br />
|22 July 1940<br />
|11 February 1950<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#F0001C; color:white;"|(2)<br />
|[[Lothar Gotthold]]<br />
|[[File:Dietrich Gotthold.jpg|90x90px|centre]]<br />
|11 February 1950<br />
|15 July 1957<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#F0001C; color:white;"|3<br />
|[[Ludwig Rabenau]]<br />
|[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 175-Z02-00866, Herbert Wehner.jpg|90x90px|centre]]<br />
|15 July 1957<br />
|7 November 1982<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#F0001C; color:white;"|4<br />
|[[Zigmas Šilingas]]<br />
|[[File:Algirdas Mykkolas Brazauskas, Litauens statsminster, under det Nordiskt-Baltiska statsministermotet i Reykjavik 2005-10-24.jpg|90x90px|centre]]<br />
|7 November 1982<br />
|4 March 1994<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#F0001C; color:white;"|5<br />
|[[Elmar Romberg]]<br />
|[[File:Fischer und Paul Wolfowitz (Headshot).jpg|90x90px|centre]]<br />
|4 March 1994<br />
|15 July 2004<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#F0001C; color:white;"|6<br />
|[[Phillipp Steinhäuser]]<br />
|[[File:Franz Müntefering (SPD) (10584372825).jpg|90x90px|centre]]<br />
|15 July 2004<br />
|17 May 2012 <br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#F0001C; color:white;"|7<br />
|[[Peter Lötzsch]]<br />
|[[File:2018-06-09 Bundesparteitag Die Linke 2018 in Leipzig by Sandro Halank–063.jpg|90x90px|centre]]<br />
|17 May 2012<br />
|Incumbent<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Electoral results==<br />
===House of Deputies===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:16px;"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"| Election<br />
! colspan="5"| [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]]<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:30px;"| Rank<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:145px;"| Government<br />
! rowspan="2"| Leader<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Votes<br />
! style="width:45px;"| %<br />
! style="width:45px;"| ±pp<br />
! style="width:100px;"| Seats won<br />
! style="width:40px;"| +/−<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1907 Weranian federal election|1907]]<br />
| 1,564,839<br />
| 16.27%<br />
| ''New''<br />
| {{Composition bar|95|562|hex=#F0001C}}<br />
| ''New''<br />
| #3 {{increase}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| Albrecht Küchenthal & Joachim Heisenberg<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1911 Weranian federal election|1911]]<br />
| 1,689,703<br />
| 18.47%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|113|597|hex=#F0001C}}<br />
| {{increase}}18<br />
| #2 {{increase}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| [[Albrecht Küchenthal]] & Matthias Prochnow<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1914 Weranian federal election|1914]]<br />
| 2,585,322<br />
| 25.95%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|158|597|hex=#F0001C}}<br />
| {{increase}}45<br />
| '''#1''' {{increase}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| [[Albrecht Küchenthal]] & Matthias Prochnow<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1918 Weranian federal election|1918]]<br />
| 3,458,321<br />
| 34.27%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|211|597|hex=#F0001C}}<br />
| {{increase}}53<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government<br />
| [[Albrecht Küchenthal]] & Matthias Prochnow<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1922 Weranian federal election|1922]]<br />
| 2,427,485<br />
| 24.75%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|160|621|hex=#F0001C}}<br />
| {{decrease}}51<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| Matthias Prochnow & Oskar Breuer<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1925 Weranian federal election|1925]]<br />
| 2,607,857<br />
| 25.13%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|164|621|hex=#F0001C}}<br />
| {{increase}}4<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| Aurimas Kreickamas & Catarina Pollmächer<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1935 Weranian federal election|1935]]<br />
| 5,048,372<br />
| 30.65%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|183|584|hex=#F0001C}}<br />
| {{increase}}19<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| Aurimas Kreickamas<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1939 Weranian federal election|1939]]<br />
| 5,067,582<br />
| 31.44%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|191|584|hex=#F0001C}}<br />
| {{increase}}8<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#ffffbd;"| Confidence and supply<br />
| Dietrich Gotthold<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1942 Weranian federal election|1942]]<br />
| 5,449,382<br />
| 28.81%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|173|621|hex=#F0001C}}<br />
| {{decrease}}18<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| Eduard Hoffmann<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1946 Weranian federal election|1946]]<br />
| 4,974,839<br />
| 28.72%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|176|597|hex=#F0001C}}<br />
| {{increase}}3<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| Eduard Hoffmann<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1950 Weranian federal election|1950]]<br />
| 7,148,396<br />
| 36.47%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|223|597|hex=#F0001C}}<br />
| {{increase}}47<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government<br />
| Dietrich Gotthold<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1954 Weranian federal election|1954]]<br />
| 6,758,366<br />
| 32.22%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|193|586|hex=#F0001C}}<br />
| {{decrease}}30<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government<br />
| Dietrich Gotthold<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1955 Weranian federal election|1955]]<br />
| 6,138,293<br />
| 28.47%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|170|586|hex=#F0001C}}<br />
| {{decrease}}23<br />
| '''#1''' {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| Dietrich Gotthold<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1959 Weranian federal election|1959]]<br />
| 5,796,822<br />
| 28.14%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|168|586|hex=#F0001C}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 2<br />
| #2 {{decrease}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| Ludwig Rabenau<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1963 Weranian federal election|1963]]<br />
| 5,628,532<br />
| 26.92%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|176|602|hex=#F0001C}}<br />
| {{increase}} 8<br />
| #2 {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| Ludwig Rabenau<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1967 Weranian federal election|1967]]<br />
| 5,746,839<br />
| 27.40%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|177|602|hex=#F0001C}}<br />
| {{increase}} 1<br />
| #2 {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| Ludwig Rabenau<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1971 Weranian federal election|1971]]<br />
| 6,062,152<br />
| 26.89%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|171|602|hex=#F0001C}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 6<br />
| #2 {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| Ludwig Rabenau<br />
|-<br />
! align="center"|[[1972 Weranian federal election|1972]]<br />
| 5,668,572<br />
| 25.43%<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Composition bar|157|602|hex=#F0001C}}<br />
| {{decrease}} 14<br />
| #2 {{steady}}<br />
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition<br />
| Ludwig Rabenau<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Logos==<br />
<gallery><br />
OSAI-O.svg|1901-1984<br />
OSAI logoold.png|1984-2007<br />
OSAI logo.png|2007-present <br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
{{Template:Political parties in Werania}}<br />
[[Category:Werania]][[Category:Sections of the Workers' International]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=2023_Weranian_federal_election&diff=7535522023 Weranian federal election2024-01-17T03:53:29Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox election<br />
| election_name = 2023 Weranian federal election<br />
| country = Werania<br />
| type = parliamentary<br />
| ongoing = no<br />
| previous_election = [[2019 Weranian federal election]]<br />
| previous_year = [[2019 Weranian federal election|2019]]<br />
| next_election = <br />
| next_year = <br />
| registered = <br />
| seats_for_election = All 545 seats to the [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]]<br /> <small>273 seats are needed for a majority in the House of Deputies<br />
| opinion_polls = <br />
| turnout = 33,424,849 (70.1%) {{decrease}}7.81%<br />
| election_date = 2 June 2023<br />
<br />
<!-- NKP --><br />
| image1 = [[File:Эммануэль Макрон (52371529117).jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| leader1 = [[Anton Raicevich]]<br />
| leader_since1 = 30<sup>th</sup> June 2022<br />
| leaders_seat1 = [[Wittislich]]<br />
| party1 = [[National Consolidation Party|NKP]]<br />
| color1 = FF6A00<br />
| last_election1 = 253 seats, 36.61%<br />
| seats_before1 = <br />
| seats_needed1 = <br />
| seats1 = 300<br />
| seat_change1 = {{increase}}47<br />
| popular_vote1 = 13,758,503<br />
| percentage1 = 41.16%<br />
| swing1 = {{increase}}4.55%<br />
<br />
<!-- EO --><br />
| image2 =[[File:Hearing of Věra Jourová (Czech Republic) - Vice president-designate - Values and Transparency (48859288246) (cropped).jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| leader2 = [[Luise Höcherl]]<br />
| leader_since2 = 28<sup>th</sup> September 2021<br />
| leaders_seat2 = [[Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken]]<br />
| party2 = [[Euclean Werania|EO]]<br />
| color2 = 800080<br />
| last_election2 = ''New party''<br />
| seats_before2 = <br />
| seats_needed2 = <br />
| seats2 = 101<br />
| seat_change2 = ''New party''<br />
| popular_vote2 = 6,743,028<br />
| percentage2 = 20.17%<br />
| swing2 = ''New party''<br />
<br />
<!-- Grüns--><br />
| image3 = [[File:180913 Kretschmann Hybrid Faehre 01 (cropped).jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| leader3 = Caspar Schönherr<br />
| leader_since3 = ''Candidate for premier''<br />
| leaders_seat3 = [[Elbenweis]]<br />
| party3 = [[Green-Red Alliance]]<br />
| color3 = 2BA035<br />
| last_election3 = 80 seats, 18.52%<br />
| seats_before3 = <br />
| seats_needed3 = 51<br />
| seats3 = 51<br />
| seat_change3 = {{decrease}}35<br />
| popular_vote3 = 4,100,181<br />
| percentage3 = 12.27%<br />
| swing3 = {{decrease}}6.25%<br />
<br />
<!--NNK--><br />
| image5 = [[File:Raimonds Vejonis 2019 (cropped).jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| leader5 = [[Žygimantas Navikas]]<br />
| leader_since5 = 16<sup>th</sup> June 2022<br />
| leaders_seat5 = ''Not contesting''<br />
| party5 = [[National Coalition for Independence|NNK]]<br />
| color5 = F2D200<br />
| last_election5 = 31 seats, 4.18%<br />
| seats5 = 40<br />
| seat_change5 = {{increase}}9<br />
| popular_vote5 = 2,085,912<br />
| percentage5 = 6.24%<br />
| swing5 = {{increase}}2.06%<br />
<br />
<!-- DA--><br />
| image6 = [[File:2018 Karin Kneissl Paul Richard Gallagher (16. Jänner 2018) (24876263787) (cropped).jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| leader6 = [[Käthe Schickdanze]]<br />
| leader_since6 = 18<sup>th</sup> October 2014<br />
| leaders_seat6 = [[Prizen]]<br />
| party6 = [[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|DA]]<br />
| color6 = 116468<br />
| last_election6 = 30 seats, 9.12%<br />
| seats6 = 9<br />
| seat_change6 = {{decrease}}21<br />
| popular_vote6 = 1,018,596<br />
| percentage6 = 3.07%<br />
| swing6 = {{decrease}}6.04%<br />
<br />
<!-- OSAI --><br />
| image4 = [[File:2019-10-27 Wahlabend Thüringen by Sandro Halank–73.jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| leader4 = [[Peter Lötzsch]]<br />
| leader_since4 = 17<sup>th</sup> May 2012<br />
| leaders_seat4 = Westbrücken<br />
| party4 = [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International|OSAI]]<br />
| color4 = F0001C<br />
| last_election4 = 22 seats, 5.96%<br />
| seats4 = 40<br />
| seat_change4 = {{increase}}18<br />
| popular_vote4 = 3,357,844<br />
| percentage4 = 10.05%<br />
| swing4 = {{increase}}4.09%<br />
<br />
<!-- Map --><br />
| map_image = Blank werania election map2.png<br />
| map_size = 350px<br />
| map_caption = Map of constituency seats won (upper) and of states won in the proportional block (lower).<br />
<br />
<!-- Result --><br />
| title = [[Premier of Werania|Premier]]<br />
| before_election = [[Anton Raicevich]]<br />
| before_party = [[National Consolidation Party|NKP]]<br />
| after_election =<br />
| after_party =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''49<sup>th</sup> federal election''' was held in the [[Werania|Weranian Confederation]] for the [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]] (the lower house of the [[Bundestag of Werania]]) on the 2<sup>nd</sup> June 2023. All 545 deputies were be elected under a {{wp|Parallel voting|mixed-member majoritarian system}} with 300 through a proportional bloc and 250 through direct mandates.<br />
<br />
The election saw the incumbent [[National Consolidation Party]]-[[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]] coalition defending a majority against the opposition [[Euclean Werania]] (a merger of the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|Social Democratic Radical Party]] and [[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|Modern Centre Party]]), the [[Green-Red Alliance]] (an alliance of the [[Greens - Ecological Action|Green Party]] and [[Socialist Workers' Party of Werania]]) and the [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]]. Following the [[2022 National Consolidation Party leadership election|replacement]] of NKP leader and [[Premier of Werania|Premier]] [[Otto von Hößlin]] with [[Anton Raicevich]] in July 2022 the NKP had risen in the polls and were projected to make gains although the party's ability to gain a majority was questioned. <br />
<br />
The disunity of the opposition allowed the NKP to exploit divisions within them, running a {{wp|red scare}} campaign alleging that Euclean Werania and the Green-Red Alliance would form a left-wing coalition with the OSAI. The NKP also continued its appropriation of {{wp|right-wing populism|right-wing populist}} rhetoric and policies thereby taking support from their right including the DA.<br />
<br />
The election saw the NKP secure a majority government, the first time a party has achieved this in Werania since 2003. Notably the NKP went from a coalition to a majority government, the first time this has happened in Weranian history. The NKP gained a strong majority of single-mandate districts with the opposition mainly gaining proportional block seats. Euclean Werania remained the largest opposition party although made no significant progress whilst the Greens lost seats compared to 2019. The OSAI got their best result since 2007 whilst the [[National Coalition for Independence]] gained the most seats in [[Ruttland]]. The DA almost failed to cross the 3% electoral threshold for the proportional block. <br />
<br />
Turnout was 70%, the lowest in over a century. <br />
==Electoral process==<br />
Werania has since 1960 used a {{wp|Parallel voting|mixed-member majoritarian system}}. 300 seats are elected by {{Wp|proportional representation}} with the entire country treated as a single electoral district and a 3% {{wp|electoral threshold}} being in place. The other 245 seats are elected via single-member constituencies through a {{wp|first-past-the-post voting}} system. The current electoral boundaries for the 245 constituency seats were approved in 2020 by the Electoral Board, with boundaries being decided every 10 years based on census data. Should a party have 273 or more deputies in the House, it has an absolute majority and could thus govern autonomously, without a coalition partner. The constitution can be amended with a supermajority of two-thirds, or 360 deputies. <br />
<br />
Voters have to registrar to vote a month before polling day. In order to be eligible to vote one must be over the age of 18, be a citizen of Werania, have a permanent address in Werania and not be currently in prison. <br />
<br />
Each party by convention nominates a single "premier candidate" ({{wp|Lead Candidate|spitzenkandidat}}) that leads the party in debates, even if the party has multiple leaders. However only the largest parties spitzenkandidats are considered to be likely to become premier.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
In the last federal election in [[2019 Weranian federal election|2019]] the incumbent coalition of the centre-left [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|Social Democratic Radical Party]] and the centrist [[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|Modern Centre Party]] led by [[Premier of Werania|premier]] [[Josef Felder]] lost to the centre-right [[National Consolidation Party]] led by [[Otto von Hößlin]] who formed a coalition with the right-wing [[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]] a month after the federal elections. The coalition came to power on a mandate of tax cuts and limiting migration retaining high popularity after their election. The popularity was unevenly distributed with the NKP seeing a high rise in popularity whilst the DA collapsed in the polls. In the first electoral test for the new coalition in the [[2021 Weranian House of Councillors election|2021 upper house election]] the DA lost all the seats being contested whilst the NKP gained a majority in the chamber. <br />
<br />
In mid-2021 the NKP was embroiled in the Furler affair when Defence Minister [[Ulrich Furler]] was implicated in lobbying for arms company Volger GmbH. Furler eventually resigned being replaced with [[Anton Raicevich]] but the controversy badly damaged the NKP-DA government. In August 2021 the SRPO and PMZ merged to form [[Euclean Werania]] (EO) although a minority of the SRPO formed the [[Socialist Workers' Party of Werania]]. EO's creation and the Furler Affair contributed to a decline in popularity for the NKP-DA coalition. <br />
<br />
In early 2022 Premier von Hösslin and Finance Minister [[Wolfgang Kanther]] were alleged to have "''systematically favoured''" the Hosokawa corporation in the awarding of public contracts with up to a fifth of government contracts being awarded to Hosokawa. On the 24th April the Bundestag's Standards Committee has censured von Hösslin and Kanther for failing to ensure that public contracts are handed out "in fairness and in line with public expectations". A day later the Social Affairs Minister [[Simas Nekrošius]] from the DA resigned due to "''a lack of accountability" from the premier''".<br />
<br />
The Hosokawa affair led to a decline in popularity for the NKP with the EO often level with them in the polls. As a result in the leadup to the triannual [[2022 National Consolidation Party leadership election|NKP leadership election]] von Hösslin announced that he would not contest the leadership effectively resigning. Initially the frontrunners for the leadership were [[Jörg Bullmann]] and [[Andrea Däubler]], but Bullmann pulled out after a plagiarism scandal with Anton Raicevich leapfrogging to become frontrunner. With the support of [[Cislania]]n Minister-President [[Bartholomäus Stobrawa]] Raicevich became leader appointing Däubler as deputy leader and Finance Minister.<br />
==Timetable==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| style="width: 50px;" |6 April ||Premier [[Anton Raicevich]] announced his intention to dissolve the House of Deputies and hold an election for the 2<sup>nd</sup> June.<br />
|-<br />
|10 April||Holder of the Federal Presidency [[Charlotte II of Werania|Charlotte II]] approves of the Premier's request to hold an election.<br />
|-<br />
| 14 April ||Formal dissolution of the House of Deputies; start of campaign period.<br />
|-<br />
| 5 May || Last day members of the public could register to vote.<br />
|-<br />
|8 May || Last day in which members of the public could apply for proxy voting or postal voting.<br />
|-<br />
|19 May || Last day for candidates to file nomination papers.<br />
|-<br />
|2 June || '''Polling day'''<br />
|-<br />
|9 June || New House of Deputies Assembled<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Parties==<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left<br />
|-<br />
!Parliamentary<br>affiliation<br />
!colspan=3|Party<br />
!Ideology<br />
!{{wp|Lead Candidate|Spitzenkandidat}}<br />
!Outgoing<br>seats<br />
!In government<br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Left-wing politics|Left}}<br />
| style="background:#F0001C" |<br />
| [[File:OSAI logo.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]]<br />
| {{wp|Socialism}}, {{wp|Libertarian socialism}}<br />
| [[Peter Lötzsch]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|22|545|hex=#F0001C}}<br />
| {{N}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| {{wp|Centre-left}}<br />
| style="background:#CB3036" |<br />
| [[File:SAPO logo2.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Socialist Workers' Party of Werania]]<br />
| {{wp|Democratic socialism}}, {{Wp|Enviromentalism}}<br />
|rowspan=2| Caspar Schönherr<br />
| {{Composition bar|6|545|hex=#CB3036}}<br />
| {{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#1B9431" |<br />
| [[File:Green left logo.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Greens - Ecological Action]]<br />
| {{wp|Green politics}}, {{wp|Progressivism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|80|545|hex=#1B9431}}<br />
| {{N}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3| {{wp|Centrism|Centre}}<br />
| style="background:#ADCFEF" |<br />
| [[File:AVp logo.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Aldman People's Party]]<br />
| Aldman interests, {{Wp|Liberalism}}<br />
| N/A<ref group="b" name="NNK spitzenkandidat">The AVP did not nominate a spitzenkandidat with the party leader Haiko Posthuma representing the party in debates.</ref> <br />
| {{Composition bar|2|545|hex=#ADCFEF}}<br />
| {{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#F2D200" |<br />
| [[File:RNP logo.png|50px]]<br />
| [[National Coalition for Independence]]<br />
| [[Ruttland|Ruttish]] {{wp|separatism}}, {{wp|Populism}}<br />
| N/A<ref group="c" name="NNK spitzenkandidat">The NNK did not nominate a spitzenkandidat with the party leader Žygimantas Navikas representing the party in debates.</ref> <br />
| {{Composition bar|31|545|hex=#F2D200}}<br />
| {{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#800080" |<br />
| [[File:EO logo.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Euclean Werania]]<br />
| {{wp|Social liberalism}}, {{wp|Pro-Europeanism|Pro-Eucleanism}}<br />
| [[Luise Höcherl]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|111|545|hex=#800080}}<br />
| {{N}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3| {{wp|Centre-right}}<br />
| style="background:#04428B" |<br />
| [[File:SDT logo.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Homeland]]<br />
| [[Ruttland|Ruttish]] {{wp|regionalism}}, {{Wp|Christian Democracy|Sotirian Democracy}}<br />
| N/A<ref group="d" name="SDT spitzenkandidat">The SDT did not nominate a spitzenkandidat with the party leader Natalija Saldaitiene representing the party in debates.</ref> <br />
| {{Composition bar|9|545|hex=#04428B}}<br />
| {{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#26C4EC" |<br />
| [[File:VP-PA logo.png|50px]]<br />
| [[United Party (Charlotte Island)|United Party]]<br />
| [[Werania|Weranian]]-[[Charlotte Island|Charlotte Islander]] {{wp|unionism}}, {{wp|Conservatism}}<br />
| N/A<ref group="e" name="VP-PA spitzenkandidat">The United Party did not nominate a spitzenkandidat.</ref> <br />
| {{Composition bar|1|545|hex=#26C4EC}}<br />
| {{Y}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00" |<br />
| [[File:NKP logo modern.png|50px]]<br />
| [[National Consolidation Party]]<br />
| {{wp|Conservatism}}, {{wp|Christian Democracy|Sotirian Democracy}}<br />
| [[Anton Raicevich]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|253|545|hex=#FF6A00}}<br />
| {{Y}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{wp|Right-wing politics|Right}}<br />
| style="background:#116468" |<br />
| [[File:Democratic Alternative.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]]<br />
| {{wp|National liberalism}}, {{wp|Euroscepticism#Hard_Euroscepticism|Euclescepticism}}<br />
| [[Käthe Schickdanze]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|30|545|hex=#116468}}<br />
| {{Y}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Campaign===<br />
[[File:Emmanuel Macron, President, France (26312718449).jpg|thumb|250px|[[National Consolidation Party]] leader and [[Premier of Werania|Premier]] [[Anton Raicevich]] campaigning in Wiesstadt.]]<br />
The [[National Consolidation Party]] ran a campaign based on emphasising their record in government including a mixture of tax cuts, more stringent law and order policies and reducing migration. The biggest shift from the 2019 platform was a pledge to reform labour and industrial relations legislation with the NKP supporting reforms to make it harder for trade unions to strike in certain circumstances. Another shift from 2019 is a more pro-Euclean policy supporting harmonising towards a single Euclean corporate tax. Additionally the NKP advocated the continued freezing of reconciliation with [[Valduvia]] wanting compensation for the Burish genocide to be prioritised and restarted. The NKP ran a presidential campaign putting their leader and incumbent premier Raicevich at the forefront capitalising on his high approval ratings.<br />
<br />
[[Euclean Werania]] supported continuing some of the policies of the former [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|SRPO]]-[[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|PMZ]] government including an expanded house building programme, increasing investment in the healthcare service to eliminate waitlists whilst repealing NKP reforms in healthcare and in the education sector to reduce class sizes. EO moved away from both the SRPO and PMZ in supporting the return of the 1982-2001 wealth tax and committing to achieving net zero by 2060. On the international level EO supported greater Euclean cooperation on [[Tsabara]] advocating the EC to continue to ensure safe zones in Tsabara and to increase support for [[Etruria]] and [[Paretia]] to safely house refugees. However unlike the NKP EO supported a harsher stance on rule of law issues in Paretia and Eturia. <br />
<br />
The [[Green-Red Alliance|Greens]] ran with the small Socialist Workers Party in this election on a left-wing programme that has emphasised greater moves towards a green economy and reversing the right wing policies of the NKP-DA coalition government. The Greens called for a carbon neutral Werania by 2035, increasing healthcare, education and welfare spending and reforming the housing system both to make housing and private renting more affordable. [[File:Informal JHA meeting (Justice) Arrivals (26031833578).jpg|thumb|250px|[[Euclean Werania]] leader [[Luise Höcherl]] speaking to reporters.|left]] The Greens also called for banning fossil-fuel automobile sales and production by 2030, expanding electric vehicle production and increasing renewable energy production. The Greens also support banning the opening of new nuclear power plants and closing existing ones by 2028. The Green coalition was the only one to advocate simplifying the process to change one’s legal gender. The Greens nominated Wiesstadt Mayor Caspar Schönherr as ''spitzenkandidat''. <br />
The [[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]] proposed a more right wing platform then in 2019 including a move to repatriate rather than integrate migrants and calling for the return of the death penalty. The Democratic Alternative also supported an in/out referendum on the Euclo and have attacked the political establishment as being too accommodating of the EC. As part of their rightwards shift the DA supported punitive measures in law and order policies and much harsher immigration. The DA wanted to double Weranias nuclear capacity by 2040 and focus more on individual rather than public transportation infrastructure. The DA also pledged to implement a tougher approach to [[Zorasan]] and [[Shangea]].<br />
<br />
The [[National Coalition for Independence]] embarked on a more moderate campaign then in 2019. The NNK supported a referendum on Ruttish sovereignty within the next parliamentary term but also put forward a more conventionally centre left programme calling for increased spending in healthcare, pensions and education as well as opposing changes to federal labour laws. The NNK also supported restricting immigration to Ruttland and the creation of a “Ruttish Charter of Rights” to institutionalise bilingualism and restrict “cultural discrimination” to Ruttland.<br />
[[File:Winfried Kretschmann, Renate Künast.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Green-Red Alliance|Green]] ''spitzenkandidat'' Caspar Schönherr in a pub in Elbenweis.]]<br />
The [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]] focused their campaign in reducing the cost of living and “overcoming capitalism”. The OSAI supported reforming the Euclean Central Bank to prioritise job creation over anti-inflation, restricting financial speculation and closing tax loopholes in order to raise revenue alongside introducing harsher punishments on tax evasion. The OSAI also supported banning layoffs in companies turning substantial profits and introducing a 35 hour workweek. The OSAI also supported the abolition of the monarchy and wanted reconciliation with [[Mutual Assistance Organisation|MASSOR]] countries. The OSAI wants sanctions to be applied to [[Soravia]] and Etruria and for Werania to end military assistance to Tsabara.<br />
<br />
The campaign saw the disunity of the opposition highlighted as the three primary opposition forces - EO, the Green-Red Alliance and the OSAI - were not projectd to overtake the NKP in seats. The NKP ran a {{wp|red scare}} campaign stating that the EO and Green-Red Alliance would go into coalition with the OSAI and would seek to introduce a socialist system in Werania. <br />
==Opinion Polls==<br />
{{Graph:Chart|hannotatonslabel=|yGrid=yes<br />
|linewidth=2.5<br />
|yAxisMin=0<br />
|yAxisTitle=% of votes<br />
|vannotatonsline=<br />
|position=centre<br />
|vannotatonslabel=<br />
|xAxisAngle=-10<br />
|xType=date|x=2019/05/01, 2019/06/01, 2019/07/01, 2019/08/01, 2019/09/01, 2019/10/01, 2019/11/01, 2019/12/01, 2020/01/01, 2020/02/01, 2020/03/01, 2020/04/01, 2020/05/01, 2020/06/01, 2020/07/01, 2020/08/01, 2020/09/01, 2020/10/01, 2020/11/01, 2020/12/01, 2021/01/01, 2021/02/01, 2021/03/01, 2021/04/01, 2021/05/01, 2021/06/01, 2021/07/01, 2021/08/01, 2021/09/01, 2021/10/01, 2021/11/01, 2021/12/01, 2022/01/01, 2022/02/01, 2022/03/01, 2022/04/01, 2022/05/01, 2022/06/01, 2022/07/01, 2022/08/01, 2022/09/01, 2022/10/01, 2022/11/01, 2022/12/01, 2023/01/01, 2023/02/01, 2023/03/01, 2023/04/01, 2023/05/01<br />
|legend=Legend:<br />
|width=780<br />
|height=390<br />
|type=line|interpolate=bundle|hannotatonsline=5<br />
|colors=#FF6A00,#ED1651,#019CDB,#800080,#258B4C, #116468, #F0001C,#F2D200,#CB3036,#dddddd|showSymbols=1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1|symbolsShape=circle|symbolsNoFill=false|symbolsStroke=1.25|xAxisTitle=date|xAxisMax=1685360800000<br />
|y1Title=NKP|y1=36.6, 40.1, 42.4, 45.3, 42.6, 43.2, 40.4, 44.6, 43.2, 42.5, 44.7, 39.7, 41.2, 40.7, 41.4, 39.6, 42.5, 43.2, 40.5, 41.7, 41.3, 42.4, 42.5, 42.2, 42.4, 40.5, 40.8, 35.6, 33.8, 31.7, 32.6,34.8,34.2,35.6, 30.6, 33.5, 32.2, 32.6, 34.7, 37.2, 40.6, 40.2, 41.6, 44.7, 42.5, 44.2, 42.9, 42.7, 41.9<br />
|y2Title=SRPO|y2=15.0, 15.5, 14.7, 10.6, 10.2, 10.7, 10.5, 9.2, 17.7, 16.8, 16.2, 11.4, 10.6, 13.2, 11.6, 9.9, 10.2, 12.7, 13.2, 13.4, 14.2, 12.6, 10.4, 9.6, 8.9, 9.1, 9.6<br />
|y3Title=PMZ|y3=6.6, 6.8, 7.6, 9.2, 11.1, 12.6, 14.2, 13.8, 9.4, 10.4, 12.7, 11.2, 12.4, 11.8, 12.4, 14.6, 13.2, 10.6, 10.2, 10.1, 9.6, 11.4, 11.7, 11.4, 11.5, 12.8, 13.4 <br />
|y4Title=EO|y4=,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,30.7, 31.2, 31.2,34.8, 34.8, 33.6,28.4, 30.4, 31.7, 31.6, 34.7, 31.2, 30.5, 31.4, 29.6, 26.8, 27.4, 28.2, 25.5, 22.8, 20.8, 21.8<br />
|y5Title=Greens|y5=18.5, 19.2, 16.3, 18.4, 17.6, 19.2, 19.7, 17.5, 14.6, 13.9, 12.5, 21.5, 22.4, 20.6, 21.8, 22.4, 20.7, 21.4, 20.8, 22.6, 21.9, 21.7, 23.5, 24.2, 26.3, 24.7, 23.7, 20.2, 20.6, 19.4, 21.2, 19.7, 18.5,17.8, 17.7, 15.6, 14.7, 15.3, 14.8, 12.6, 11.7, 12.5, 13.7, 11.6, 12.6, 13.8, 15.2, 14.5, 14.8<br />
|y6Title=DA|y6=6.1, 4.7, 4.2, 3.4, 4.6, 3.8, 2.6, 3.1, 4.6, 3.6, 2.4, 4.6, 2.3, 2.8, 2.5, 3.1, 2.7, 2.4, 2.6, 2.2, 3.4, 3.1, 3.3, 2.5, 2.9, 2.5, 2.2, 2.1, 3.1, 3.3, 3.6, 3.4, 3.6,3.2, 2.7, 3.4, 2.9, 3.2, 1.9, 1.5, 2.1, 1.8, 2.4, 1.4, 1.7, 2.5, 3.1, 3.5, 3.2<br />
|y7Title=OSAI|y7=5.9, 5.8, 6.1, 5.7, 5.5, 5.1, 6.3, 5.7, 4.8, 5.1, 4.7, 4.4, 5.2, 4.6, 5.7, 5.2, 5.8, 5.5, 5.8, 5.2, 4.8, 5.4, 4.5, 4.7, 5.2, 5.4, 5.2, 5.9, 6.4, 6.5, 6.8, 7.4, 6.5, 6.1, 8.9, 8.8, 8.9, 9.1, 9.5, 10.7, 8.3, 8.6, 8.7, 8.5, 7.9, 7.7, 8.4, 10.8, 10.3<br />
|y8Title=NNK|y8=4.1, 3.8, 3.6, 3.4, 3.5, 3.5, 3.4, 3.4, 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 3.4, 3.4, 2.9, 3.2, 3.6, 3.1, 4.1, 3.8, 3.7, 3.1, 2.7, 3.4, 3.8, 3.2, 3.7, 3.8, 3.7, 3.6, 3.6, 3.5, 3.7, 3.8, 4.5, 4.3, 4.7, 4.4, 4.7, 4.5, 4.1, 3.4, 4.1, 3.9, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.4, 3.3, 4.8<br />
|y9Title=SAPO|y9=,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2.1, 2.4, 2.4, 1.4, 1.2, 1.5, 1.7, 1.9, 1.4, 1.5, 1.8, 1.6, 1.9, 1.5, 1.9, 1.6, 1.6, 1.8, 1.9, 2.4, 1.4, 1.8<br />
|y10Title=Other|y10=6.5, 4.1, 3.7, 3.0, 4.6, 2.4, 2.5, 2.3, 3.3, 3.1, 3.4, 2.2, 3.2, 2.5, 2.3, 2.2, 2.6, 2.8, 2.8, 2, 2.1, 1, 2.4, 1, 1.5, 1.1, 1.8, 1.3, 1.4, 1.2, 1.7, 1.4, 1.6, 1.9, 1.1, 1.9, 0.9, 1.6, 1.8, 1.5, 1.0, 1.3, 1.6, 1.3, 1.9, 1.1, 1.8, 3, 1.4}}<br />
<br />
==Results==<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right<br />
|colspan=10|[[File:2023 Weranian bundestag diagram.svg|center|300px]]<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2 rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|Party<br />
!colspan=3|Constituency<br />
!colspan=3|Propotional<br />
!rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|Total<br />
!rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|±<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Votes<br />
! style="width:45px;"| %<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Seats<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Votes<br />
! style="width:45px;"| %<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Seats<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#FF6A00"| ||align=left|[[National Consolidation Party]]||14,856,781||44.32||166||13,758,503||41.16||134||500||{{increase}}47<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#800080"| ||align=left|[[Euclean Werania]]||7,700,595||22.97||36||6,743,028||20.17||65||101||''New''<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#258B4C"| ||align=left|[[Green-Red Alliance]]||3,216,922||9.60||11||4,100,181||12.27||40||51||{{decrease}}35<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#F0001C"| ||align=left|[[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]]||2,867,566||8.55||8||3,357,844||10.05||32||40||{{increase}}18<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#F2D200"| ||align=left|[[National Coalition for Independence]]||2,245,617||6.70||20||2,085,912||6.24||20||40||{{increase}}9<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#116468"| ||align=left|[[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]]||578,328||1.73||0||1,018,596||3.05||9||9||{{decrease}}21<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#04428B"| ||align=left|[[Sotirian Democratic Homeland]]||385,975||1.15||2||328,594||0.98||0||2||{{decrease}}7<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#ADCFEF"| ||align=left|[[Aldman People's Party]]||305,815||0.91||1||224,829||0.67||0||1||{{decrease}}1<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#26C4EC"| ||align=left|[[United Party (Charlotte Island)|United Party]]||189,656||0.57||1||189,564||0.57||0||1||-<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#DDDDDD"| ||align=left|Others||588,486||1.76||0||1,049,955||3.14||0||0||0<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|Invalid/blank votes||589,108||–||–||567,843||-||-||-||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|'''Total'''||'''33,424,849 '''||'''-'''||'''245'''||'''33,424,849'''||'''-'''||'''300'''||'''545'''||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|Registered voters/turnout||47,683,728||70.1%||–||–||-||-||-||-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Aftermath==<br />
===Outcome===<br />
===Government formation===<br />
{{Template:Weranian elections}}<br />
[[Category:Werania]]<br />
<references group="a"/><br />
<references group="b"/><br />
<references group="c"/><br />
<references group="d"/><br />
<references group="e"/></div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Council_republic&diff=753536Council republic2024-01-17T03:04:15Z<p>Britbong64: /* Former council republics */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{WIP}}<br />
A '''Council republic''' is term used to refer to a {{wp|republic|republican}} system of government where directly elected councils play a prominent role in a country's politics. While the exact government structure often varies, universal characteristics are councils as a fundamental unit of governance and the state's adherence with {{wp|socialism}}. It may also feature {{wp|direct democracy}}, an emphasis on {{wp|collective leadership}}, and {{wp|nonpartisanism}}. The term is often used to differentiate these states from {{wp|Euclea|Euclean}} {{wp|capitalism|capitalist}} {{wp|liberal democracy|liberal democracies}}. It is the predominant form of government for socialist states in the world, such as [[Dezevau]], [[Valduvia]], and [[Lavana]]. Council republics are generally considered to be democratic, but some states such as [[Asase Lewa]] has been accused of {{wp|authoritarianism}}. In 2020, [[South Kabu|South Kabuese]] President [[Tirto Sutikno]] announced his intention to transition the country towards a councilist form of government.<br />
<br />
The political thought associated with the establishment and continuation of a council republic is known as councilism or council republicanism and those who adhere to the principles of councilism is referred to as a councilist. Councilism can also refer to socialism practiced in a council republic.<br />
==History==<br />
==Characteristics==<br />
Although the term council republic encompasses many different structures of governance, they all feature legislative bodies that are the fundamental unit of governance for all levels of the country's administration from the national level to the local. Political power is distributed between these councils in a {{wp|federal system}} that functions from the bottom upwards. Council republics tend to emphasise {{wp|Localism (politics)|localism}} through local councils that function through {{wp|direct democracy}}. Usually these councils would elect councils on the next levels of administration who would be responsible for regional or statewide authority. In turn, these can elect members to the next level on a national level, which would be the national government. Alternatively each level of governance may be directly elected by the population or use a combination of both systems. These councils usually also have executive and judicial powers, which is similar to the concept of {{wp|Parliamentary sovereignty|legislative supremacy}} in parliamentary republics. <br />
===Association with socialism===<br />
All council republics in the world are {{wp|socialist state|socialist states}}, which political experts consider to be its defining characteristic. In some republics, the councils may be {{wp|workers' council|workers' councils}} or another body that represents the interests of the workforce in politics. A council republic may also feature a [[Congress of the Workers' International|Section of the Workers' International]] which usually plays a prominent role in the country's politics. Often these political parties are organized through local, state, and national councils that function alongside government institutions. <br />
<br />
==Comparisons of council republics==<br />
===Collective leadership===<br />
The concept of collective leadership has been ingrained in former Council republics. The State of [[State of North Vinalia|North Vinalia]], a constituent state of [[Vinalia]], and the former [[North Vinalia|Peoples Republic of Vinalia]] elects its municipalities differently than the state of [[State of South Vinalia|South Vinalia]]. Where in the south a single leader or single party is elected to the leadership of a municipalities council (Vinalias lowest administrative division), in the north municipal councils are bigger and a single leader is not elected. The municipal elections for the city of [[Orlavo]] in North Vinalia were held to elect members to a 15 member municipal council which then elect among themselves a member to serve a 2 term limited 3 month leadership position. The North Vinalian Assembly also operates in a similar manner with a 5 member leadership council, that represents and governs the constituent state with leadership collectively held by all members. Although no longer a council republic, the values of collective leadership have become imperative to the functioning of institutions in the constituent state.<br />
===Decentralisation===<br />
localism/federalism<br />
<br />
===Economics===<br />
<br />
[[File:AsaseLewaMeeting.png|thumb|right|300px|{{wp|Workers' self-management}}, as exercised by these {{wp|sugar refinery}} workers in Asase Lewa discussing and voting on production schedules, is a feature present in many contemporary council republics' economic systems.]]<br />
<br />
All council republics maintain a {{wp|socialism|socialist}} {{wp|economic system}}, the defining characteristic of council republics; however, the nature of such a socialist economic system has varied considerably across time and place. During the mid-twentieth century, the bulk of council republics adopted a basically {{wp|state socialism|state socialist}} economic model, notably the [[Valduvia|Valduvian]] model of state socialism prior to the [[1985 Valduvian coup d'état]] and the [[Tretyakism|Tretyakist]] advocacy of a {{wp|command economy}} as [[Tretyakism#Economic policy|necessary for rapid industrial growth to defend socialism from foreign threats]], which led to the establishment of command economies in [[Chistovodia]], [[Sappania]], and [[Asase Lewa]]. During the mid-to-late twentieth century, however, many council republics' economies hsifted away from a state socialist model towards systems increasingly based on {{wp|workers' self-management}}. In Valduvia and [[Auzance]], for example, this shift led to the adoption of a {{wp|market socialism|market socialist}} economic system, with the result that some council republics, such as Auzance, exhibit tendencies - such as tolerance of small enterprises, and co-operative but otherwise private companies - which may be more resemblant of a capitalist or hybrid system, but identify as (and are institutionally) socialist. Conversely, in Asase Lewa and Sappania such a transition to workers' self-management eschewed market economics in favor of a transition to {{wp|participatory economics}}, which remains the economic system practiced in these countries today.<br />
<br />
In many councilist countries, the transition from state socialism to systems based on workers' self-management was closely associated with {{wp|democratic transition}} and/or political {{wp|liberalization}}; in Asase Lewa, Auzance, and Sappania, the transition to participatory economics or market socialism was concomitant with the end of the {{wp|single-party state|single-party rule}} and introduction of {{wp|multi-party system|multi-party}} elections, while a transition from state socialism to market socialism occurred alongside the end of [[Equalism|Equalist]] rule and establishment of a council republic in the former [[Austerian People's Republic]]. Similarly, Valduvia initiated its transition from state socialism to market socialism in the 1990s following widespread political liberalization in the wake of the 1985 coup d'état.<br />
<br />
===Elections===<br />
Elections in Lemovicia are a hybrid of {{wp|direct democracy}}, where people elect district councils who in turn elect municipal councils, regional councils, and provincial councils, and a {{wp|representative democracy}} where people directly elect legislators to the [[National Assembly (Lemovicia)|National Assembly]], who in turn select from amongst themselves the [[Presidency of Lemovicia|presidency]] and the cabinet.<br />
<br />
(TBC)<br />
<br />
Elections in Lavana are similar, with voters electing members to City, Municipal, Provincial, and National councils. Lavana differs in that members of lower councils cannot vote for members in councils above, and vice-versa. The Workers International, approves all candidates, and a hybrid system with lower councils voting for members in higher councils, exist solely inside the party structure.<br />
<br />
In Auzance, elections exhibit similar tendencies; a particularity of Autuzian elections being its ''voluntary sortition'' basis of council elections, whereby random, refusable nominations elect candidates who seek the ''approval'' of their respective council. National elections are multi-party and transparent, and the [[Premier of Auzance]] is directly elected.<br />
<br />
===Gun ownership===<br />
<br />
[[File:Houston_Gun_Show_at_the_George_R._Brown_Convention_Center.jpg|thumb|left|A table at BSL Šovs 2008, the largest regularly held {{wp|Gun show|gun show}} in Valduvia. In many councilist countries, such as Valduvia, Chistovodia, and Asase Lewa, gun ownership rates are high and gun ownership is associated with the country's perception of councilism.]]<br />
<br />
Though not a universal characteristic of council republics, many councilist states are notably for high rates of {{wp|gun ownership}} and a belief in the {{wp|right to keep and bear arms}}. This widespread gun culture is notable in Valduvia, where [[gun ownership in Valduvia|a majority of households are gun owners]] and the modern Valduvian Constitution imposes strict restrictions on the state's ability to impose {{wp|gun control}}. Similarly, [[Tretyakism#Armed Proletariat|Tretyakist theories of an armed proletariat]] resulted in the governments of Chistovodia and Asase Lewa arming their population, providing training on firearms usage, and organizing the population into {{wp|militia|popular militias}}. In many councilist countries, high rates of gun ownership and a widespread gun culture are closely tied to the country's interpretation of councilism itself; Tretyakist theories about an armed proletariat, for example, were closely related to Chistovodian perceptions of {{wp|encirclement}} by hostile, capitalist foreign powers and the need to organize the workers to defend the councilist state, a perception shared by leaders in Asase Lewa.<br />
<br />
In Valduvia, conversely, belief in the right to bear arms and a culture of gun ownership has been closely connected to a belief that such gun ownership is a necessary check on the councilist government itself, as connected to substantial increases in gun ownership since the transition to democracy, and with the extension of {{wp|gun control}} being associated with the [[Burish genocide]] in the early 1980s and with anti-Burish persecution and political authoritarianism more broadly. In contemporary Valduvia and Asase Lewa, the right to keep and bear arms is associated with a broader constitutional and ideological belief in the {{wp|right to resist}} and {{wp|right of revolution}}, guaranteed in these countries' constitutions and seen as a guarantee of political and military power being in the hands of the {{wp|working-class}} rather than hostile political forces, either an {{wp|nomenklatura|authoritarian bureaucracy}}, as in Valduvia, or foreign invasion or perceived {{wp|capitalist roader}} bureaucratic forces, as in Asase Lewa.<br />
<br />
===Section of the Workers' International===<br />
<br />
The role of Sections of the Workers' International ranges significantly in council republics. On one end of the pole, council republics such as [[Dezevau]] and [[East Miersa]] are largely {{wp|non-partisan democracy|non-partisan democracies}}, in which the local Section was dissolved after social struggles in the 1960s or 1970s. On the other end of the pole, in council republics such as [[Asase Lewa]], the local Section continues to exist and exercises great influence over the country's politics; the [[Asalewan Section of the Workers' International]], for example, exercises a particularly strong influence over Asalewan politics, {{wp|Guardian Council|vetting candidates in the country's elections}}, enjoying close links with the country's military, and counting the vast majority of Asase Lewa's population as members of its {{wp|Communist party#Mass organizations|mass organizations}}.<br />
<br />
===Weak separation of powers===<br />
<br />
Lavanan council republicanism sometimes called Saravanism after [[Saravan Khouph]], emphasized the weak separation of powers in the establishment of the [[Lavana|People's Republic of Lavana]], with the Section of the Workers International imperative to the functioning of the state. Although reforms have limited the involvement of the party in the proceedings of the Lavanan government, it has maintained the weak separation of powers with all branches of government given ample power to overrule each other. Although the Lavanan system has been categorised as chaotic, it cements the position of the [[Premier of Lavana|Premier]]. The Lavanan premier although elected from the [[Lavanan Congress]], which are in turn directly elected by the people, must be approved by the Workers International. The Lavanan Premier embodies the principals of Saravanism which emphasize strong reliance on the Workers International and its integral part in the inner functionings of the country.<br />
<br />
On the other hand, Auzance's democratic constitution has ensured a strong separation of powers after initially weak separation before 1971. In Auzance, the Premier is the head of state, who is separated entirely from the legislature (''Tchambe'', led by the Prime Minister), and the judiciary - self-appointing, with no influence from either legislature or executive - self-appoints, while councils - which, again, run independently - oversee devolved powers. Auzance, although a council republic, is multi-partisan and has parties stretching from council communist tendencies to ideologies seen more widely in liberal capitalist democracies.<br />
<br />
==List of council republics==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! State<br />
! Capital<br />
! Primary language(s)<br />
! Population <br />
! Area (km²)<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Asase Lewa}}<br />
| [[Edudzi Agyeman City]]<br />
| {{wp|Ewe language|Asalewan}}<br />
| 70,636,291<br />
| 828,719<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Auzance}}<br />
| [[Cestiène]]<br />
| {{wp|Walloon language|Autuzian}}<br />
| 11,401,386<br />
| 57,953<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Chistovodia}}<br />
| [[Volosovo]]<br />
| {{wp|Rusyn language|Narodyn}}<br />
| 73,491,200<br />
| 2,399,981<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Dezevau}}<br />
| [[Bazadavo]]<br />
| [[Ziba language|Ziba]]<br />
| 190,902,213<br />
| 2,000,000<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|East Miersa}}<br />
| [[Żobrodź]] ''(de jure)''<br>[[Dyńsk]] ''(de facto)''<br />
| {{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}<br />
| 21,740,000<br />
| 197,568<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Lavana}}<br />
| [[Pers]]<br />
| {{wp|Lao language|Kachai}}<br />
| 86,842,742<br />
| 713,879<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Lemovicia}}<br />
| [[Topagunea]]<br />
| {{wp|Basque language|Lemovician}}<br />
| 1,014,866<br />
| 13,548<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Nirala}}<br />
| [[Amit Rahul Sidhu City]]<br />
| {{wp|Punjabi language|Nirali}}<br />
| 236,301,792<br />
| 251,678<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Valduvia}}<br />
| [[Priedīši]]<br />
| {{wp|Latvian_language|Valduvian}}<br />
| 55,279,300<br />
| 423,489<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Former council republics===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! State<br />
! Capital<br />
! Languages<br />
! Years<br />
! Population <br />
! Area (km²)<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Austeria equalist flag.png}} [[Austerian People's Republic|Austeria]]<br />
| [[Kartha]]<br />
| {{wp|Albanian language|Tethian}}<br />
| 1988–2005<ref>Existed from 1947-2005, from 1947-1988 as a {{wp|single-party state|single-party}} [[Equalism|Equalist]] state.</ref><br />
| <br />
| 62,532<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|ACRF2.png}} [[Amathian Council Republic|Amathia]]<br />
| [[East Arciluco]]<br />
| {{wp|Romanian language|Amathian}}<br />
| 1935–1959<ref>Continued until 1979 as the [[Amathian Equalist Republic]].</ref><br />
| <br />
| 405,798<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Champania}}<br />
| [[Brigançon|Lièn]]<br />
| [[Champanian language|Champanian]]<br />
| 1937–1960<br />
| 7,948,012 (1960)<br />
| 139,991<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|North Vinalian.png}} [[North Vinalia]]<br />
| [[Orlavo]]<br />
| {{wp|Rusyn_language|Soravian}}<br />
| 1935–1993<br />
| 10,500,000 (1990)<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon|Shangea}} [[Socialist Republic of Shangea|Shangea]]<br />
| [[Rongzhuo]]<br />
|{{wp|Chinese language|Shangean}}<br />
| 1940-1960<br />
| 350,000,000 (1960)<br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
[[Category:Socialism (Kylaris)]] {{Region icon Kylaris}} [[Category:Politics (Kylaris)]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=2021-22_Kaonese_general_election&diff=7528122021-22 Kaonese general election2024-01-15T02:30:44Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox election<br />
| election_name = Kaonese presidential election, 2021-22<br />
| country = Kaona<br />
| type = presidential<br />
| ongoing = no<br />
| previous_election = [[Kaonese presidential election, 2017-18]]<br />
| previous_year = [[Kaonese presidential election, 2017-18|2017-18]]<br />
| next_election = [[Kaonese presidential election, 2025-26]]<br />
| next_year = [[Kaonese presidential election, 2025-26|2025-26]]<br />
| election_date = 30 December 2021 (first round)<br>14 January 2022 (second round)<br />
| image1 =[[File:Thongloun Sisoulith (19-05-2016).jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| candidate1 = [[Kongsampong Khumpai]]<br />
| color1 = 00BBFF<br />
| party1 = [[Chart Pattana Party|CPP]]<br />
| alliance1 =<br />
| popular_vote1 = '''18,179,986'''<br />
| percentage1 = '''52.3%'''<br />
| image2 = [[File:Kittiratt Na-Ranong.jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| candidate2 =[[Kowit Thammarojphinij]]<br />
| color2 =007500<br />
| party2 = [[People's Democrat Party|PDP]]<br />
| alliance2 = <br />
| popular_vote2 = 16,024,806<br />
| percentage2 = 46.1%<br />
| title = President<br />
| before_election = [[Lursakdi Sonakul]]<br />
| before_party = [[People's Democrat Party|PDP]]<br />
| after_election = [[Kongsampong Khumpai]]<br />
| after_party = [[Chart Pattana Party|CPP]]<br />
| map_image = <br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
}}<br />
The '''11<sup>th</sup> general election in [[Kaona]]''' was be held on the 30<sup>th</sup> December 2021 to elect both the [[President of Kaona|president]] and the National Assembly with a second round being held on the 14<sup>th</sup> January. Under the Kaonese constitution, the president is restricted to two four-year terms in office meaning the incumbent president [[Lursakdi Sonakul]] was ineligible to run for a third term. <br />
<br />
Former premier [[Kongsampong Khumpai]] of the centre-right [[Chart Pattana Party]] won the presidential elections with the CPP emerging as the largest party in parliament. The PDP which had won the presidency in the last two elections and maintained a majority in parliament lost support both to the CPP and the far-left Socialist Masses Party. <br />
==Electoral process==<br />
Since the 1981 presidential election presidents in Kaona are elected in a two-round system in which if a candidate does not achieve 50%+ of the vote in the first round the candidates with the two highest percentage of the vote will enter a second round. President's can serve a maximum of two four year terms, meaning incumbent president [[Lursakdi Sonakul]] is not eligible for re-election. <br />
<br />
To registrar to become a candidate one has to be a Kaonese citizen, have had permanent residency in Kaona in the past ten years, be over the age of 35 and either has collected 50,000 voters' signatures or be the official candidate of a political party with 5% representation in the National Assembly. People with dual citizenship are banned from running for public office.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
==Candidates==<br />
===Presidential===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="3" style="width:20%;"| Candidate name and age<br>political party<br />
! Political office(s)<br />
! style="width:48%;"| Details<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#007500;" |<br />
| '''[[Kowit Thammarojphinij]]''' ({{Age|1962|7|26|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:PDP Kaona logo.png|50px]]<br>[[People's Democrat Party]]<br />
| [[File:Kittiratt Na-Ranong.jpg|100px]]<br />
| '''Minister of Health'''<br><small>(2019-2021)</small><br>'''Minister of Finance'''<br><small>(2016-2019)</small><br />
| tba.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#00BBFF;" |<br />
| '''[[Kongsampong Khumpai]]''' ({{Age|1958|3|22|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:CPP logo.png|50px]]<br>[[Chart Pattana Party]]<br />
| [[File:Thongloun Sisoulith (19-05-2016).jpg|100px]]<br />
| '''Prime Minister'''<br><small>(2010-2014)</small><br>'''Minister of Finance'''<br><small>(1996-2004; 2006-2010)</small><br />
| tba.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#D4001F;" |<br />
| '''[[Chavarat Saikwan]]''' ({{Age|1978|7|13|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:SMP logo.png|50px]]<br>[[Socialist Masses Party]]<br />
| [[File:Piyabutr Saengkanokkul (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br />
| '''Member of the National Assembly'''<br><small>(2014-present)</small><br />
| tba. <br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#11305F;" |<br />
| '''[[Sawai Yubamrung]]''' ({{Age|1942|5|4|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:PPP logo.png|50px]]<br>[[People's Power Party]] <br />
| [[File:Chamlong Srimuang 2008 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br />
| '''Chairman of the Audit Board'''<br><small>(1994-1998)</small><br>'''Member of the National Assembly'''<br><small>(2006-present)</small><br />
| tba. <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Parliamentary===<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Party<br />
!Ideology<br />
!Outgoing<br>seats<br />
!In government<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#007500" |<br />
| [[File:PDP Kaona logo.png|100px]]<br />
| [[People's Democrat Party]]<br />
| {{wp|Left-wing nationalism}}, {{wp|Left-wing populism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|137|240|hex=#007500}}<br />
|{{Y}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#00BBFF" |<br />
| [[File:CPP logo.png|100px]]<br />
| [[Chart Pattana Party]]<br />
| {{wp|Conservatism}}, {{wp|Economic liberalism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|46|240|hex=#00BBFF}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#11305F" |<br />
| [[File:PPP logo.png|70px]]<br />
| [[People's Power Party]]<br />
| [[Macakkanism|Political Macakkanism]], {{wp|Religious nationalism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|18|240|hex=#11305F}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#D4001F" |<br />
| [[File:SMP logo.png|100px]]<br />
| [[Socialist Masses Party]]<br />
| {{wp|Democratic socialism}}, {{wp|Left-wing populism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|12|240|hex=#D4001F}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#FFD700" |<br />
| [[File:Aspiration Party logo.png|100px]]<br />
| [[Aspiration Party]]<br />
| {{wp|Economic liberalism}}, {{wp|Liberal conservatism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|7|240|hex=#FFD700}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Campaign==<br />
==Results==<br />
===Presidential===<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right<br />
!colspan=2 rowspan=2|Candidate<br />
!rowspan=2|Party<br />
!colspan=2|First round<br />
!colspan=2|Second round<br />
|-<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
|- <br />
|style=background-color:#00BBFF; |<br />
|align=left|[[Kongsampong Khumpai]]||align=left|[[Chart Pattana Party]]||'''12,653,052'''||'''38.60%'''||'''18,179,986'''||52.3%<br />
|-<br />
|style=background-color:#007500; |<br />
|align=left|[[Kowit Thammarojphinij]]||align=left|[[People's Democrat Party]]||'''11,899,824'''||'''36.30%'''||16,024,806||46.1%<br />
|-<br />
|style=background-color:#D4001F |<br />
|align=left|[[Chavarat Saikwan]]||align=left|[[Socialist Masses Party]]||3,999,267||12.2%||colspan="2" rowspan="2" ||<br />
|-<br />
|style=background-color:#11305F; |<br />
|align=left|[[Sawai Yubamrung]]||align=left|[[People's Power Party]]||3,081,402||9.4%||<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3 align=left|Blank votes||1,147,330||3.5%||556,175||1.6%<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3 align=left|'''Total'''||'''32,780,878'''||'''-'''||'''34,760,969'''||'''-'''<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3 align=left|Registered voters/turnout||56,093,221||58.44%||56,093,221||61.97%<br />
|}<br />
===Parliamentary===<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right<br />
|colspan=8|[[File:2012 Kaona.svg|center|300px]]<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2 rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|Party<br />
!colspan=4|Votes<br />
!colspan=3|Seats<br />
!rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|±<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Geographical Constituencies<br />
! style="width:45px;"| %<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Proportional Constituencies<br />
! style="width:75px;"| %<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Geographical Constituencies<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Proportional Constituencies<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Total<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#00BBFF"| ||align=left|[[Chart Pattana Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||87||{{increase}}41<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#007500"| ||align=left|[[People's Democrat Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||73||{{decrease}}64<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#D4001F"| ||align=left|[[Socialist Masses Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||24||{{increase}}12<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#11305F| ||align=left|[[People's Power Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||20||{{increase}}2<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#E42D92"| ||align=left|[[Phak Mahachon]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||12||{{increase}}12<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#FFD700"| ||align=left|[[Aspiration Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||2||{{decrease}}5<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#DDDDDD"| ||align=left|{{wp|independent (politics)|Independents}}||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||22||{{increase}}2<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#ffffff"| ||align=left|Others||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||0||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|Invalid/blank votes||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||-||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|'''Total'''||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||-||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|Registered voters/turnout||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||-||-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Analysis==<br />
[[Category:Kaona]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=2021-22_Kaonese_general_election&diff=7528012021-22 Kaonese general election2024-01-15T01:15:49Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox election<br />
| election_name = Kaonese presidential election, 2021-22<br />
| country = Kaona<br />
| type = presidential<br />
| ongoing = no<br />
| previous_election = [[Kaonese presidential election, 2017-18]]<br />
| previous_year = [[Kaonese presidential election, 2017-18|2017-18]]<br />
| next_election = [[Kaonese presidential election, 2025-26]]<br />
| next_year = [[Kaonese presidential election, 2025-26|2025-26]]<br />
| election_date = 30 December 2021 (first round)<br>14 January 2022 (second round)<br />
| image1 =[[File:Thongloun Sisoulith (portrait).jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| candidate1 = [[Kongsampong Khumpai]]<br />
| color1 = 00BBFF<br />
| party1 = [[Chart Pattana Party|CPP]]<br />
| alliance1 =<br />
| popular_vote1 = '''18,179,986'''<br />
| percentage1 = '''52.3%'''<br />
| image2 = [[File:Sukumpol Suwanatat Official 2012.jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| candidate2 =[[Kowit Thammarojphinij]]<br />
| color2 =007500<br />
| party2 = [[People's Democrat Party|PDP]]<br />
| alliance2 = <br />
| popular_vote2 = 16,024,806<br />
| percentage2 = 46.1%<br />
| title = President<br />
| before_election = [[Lursakdi Sonakul]]<br />
| before_party = [[People's Democrat Party|PDP]]<br />
| after_election = [[Kongsampong Khumpai]]<br />
| after_party = [[Chart Pattana Party|CPP]]<br />
| map_image = <br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
}}<br />
The '''11<sup>th</sup> general election in [[Kaona]]''' was be held on the 30<sup>th</sup> December 2021 to elect both the [[President of Kaona|president]] and the National Assembly with a second round being held on the 14<sup>th</sup> January. Under the Kaonese constitution, the president is restricted to two four-year terms in office meaning the incumbent president [[Lursakdi Sonakul]] was ineligible to run for a third term. <br />
<br />
Former premier [[Kongsampong Khumpai]] of the centre-right [[Chart Pattana Party]] won the presidential elections with the CPP emerging as the largest party in parliament. The PDP which had won the presidency in the last two elections and maintained a majority in parliament lost support both to the CPP and two more leftist alternatives, the far-left Socialist Masses Party and liberal Phak Mahachon. <br />
==Electoral process==<br />
Since the 1981 presidential election presidents in Kaona are elected in a two-round system in which if a candidate does not achieve 50%+ of the vote in the first round the candidates with the two highest percentage of the vote will enter a second round. President's can serve a maximum of two four year terms, meaning incumbent president [[Lursakdi Sonakul]] is not eligible for re-election. <br />
<br />
To registrar to become a candidate one has to be a Kaonese citizen, have had permanent residency in Kaona in the past ten years, be over the age of 35 and either has collected 50,000 voters' signatures or be the official candidate of a political party with 5% representation in the National Assembly. People with dual citizenship are banned from running for public office.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
==Candidates==<br />
===Presidential===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="3" style="width:20%;"| Candidate name and age<br>political party<br />
! Political office(s)<br />
! style="width:48%;"| Details<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#007500;" |<br />
| '''[[Kowit Thammarojphinij]]''' ({{Age|1962|7|26|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:PDP Kaona logo.png|50px]]<br>[[People's Democrat Party]]<br />
| [[File:Sukumpol Suwanatat Official 2012.jpg|100px]]<br />
| '''Minister of Foreign Affairs'''<br><small>(2019-2021)</small><br>'''Minister of Defence'''<br><small>(2016-2019)</small><br />
| tba.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#00BBFF;" |<br />
| '''[[Kongsampong Khumpai]]''' ({{Age|1958|3|22|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:CPP logo.png|50px]]<br>[[Chart Pattana Party]]<br />
| [[File:Thongloun Sisoulith (portrait).jpg|100px]]<br />
| '''Prime Minister'''<br><small>(2010-2014)</small><br>'''Minister of Finance'''<br><small>(1996-2004; 2006-2010)</small><br />
| tba.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#D4001F;" |<br />
| '''[[Chavarat Saikwan]]''' ({{Age|1978|7|13|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:SMP logo.png|50px]]<br>[[Socialist Masses Party]]<br />
| [[File:ปิยะบุตร ครอบตัด 2019.jpg|100px]]<br />
| '''Member of the National Assembly'''<br><small>(2014-present)</small><br />
| tba. <br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#11305F;" |<br />
| '''[[Sawai Yubamrung]]''' ({{Age|1942|5|4|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:PPP logo.png|50px]]<br>[[People's Power Party]] <br />
| [[File:Chamlong Srimuang 2008 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br />
| '''Chairman of the Audit Board'''<br><small>(1994-1998)</small><br>'''Member of the National Assembly'''<br><small>(2006-present)</small><br />
| tba. <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Parliamentary===<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Party<br />
!Ideology<br />
!Outgoing<br>seats<br />
!In government<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#007500" |<br />
| [[File:PDP Kaona logo.png|100px]]<br />
| [[People's Democrat Party]]<br />
| {{wp|Left-wing nationalism}}, {{wp|Left-wing populism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|137|240|hex=#007500}}<br />
|{{Y}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#00BBFF" |<br />
| [[File:CPP logo.png|100px]]<br />
| [[Chart Pattana Party]]<br />
| {{wp|Conservatism}}, {{wp|Economic liberalism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|46|240|hex=#00BBFF}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#11305F" |<br />
| [[File:PPP logo.png|70px]]<br />
| [[People's Power Party]]<br />
| [[Macakkanism|Political Macakkanism]], {{wp|Religious nationalism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|18|240|hex=#11305F}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#D4001F" |<br />
| [[File:SMP logo.png|100px]]<br />
| [[Socialist Masses Party]]<br />
| {{wp|Democratic socialism}}, {{wp|Left-wing populism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|12|240|hex=#D4001F}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#FFD700" |<br />
| [[File:Aspiration Party logo.png|100px]]<br />
| [[Aspiration Party]]<br />
| {{wp|Economic liberalism}}, {{wp|Liberal conservatism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|7|240|hex=#FFD700}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Campaign==<br />
==Results==<br />
===Presidential===<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right<br />
!colspan=2 rowspan=2|Candidate<br />
!rowspan=2|Party<br />
!colspan=2|First round<br />
!colspan=2|Second round<br />
|-<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
|- <br />
|style=background-color:#00BBFF; |<br />
|align=left|[[Kongsampong Khumpai]]||align=left|[[Chart Pattana Party]]||'''12,653,052'''||'''38.60%'''||'''18,179,986'''||52.3%<br />
|-<br />
|style=background-color:#007500; |<br />
|align=left|[[Kowit Thammarojphinij]]||align=left|[[People's Democrat Party]]||'''11,899,824'''||'''36.30%'''||16,024,806||46.1%<br />
|-<br />
|style=background-color:#D4001F |<br />
|align=left|[[Chavarat Saikwan]]||align=left|[[Socialist Masses Party]]||3,999,267||12.2%||colspan="2" rowspan="2" ||<br />
|-<br />
|style=background-color:#11305F; |<br />
|align=left|[[Sawai Yubamrung]]||align=left|[[People's Power Party]]||3,081,402||9.4%||<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3 align=left|Blank votes||1,147,330||3.5%||556,175||1.6%<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3 align=left|'''Total'''||'''32,780,878'''||'''-'''||'''34,760,969'''||'''-'''<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3 align=left|Registered voters/turnout||56,093,221||58.44%||56,093,221||61.97%<br />
|}<br />
===Parliamentary===<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right<br />
|colspan=8|[[File:2012 Kaona.svg|center|300px]]<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2 rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|Party<br />
!colspan=4|Votes<br />
!colspan=3|Seats<br />
!rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|±<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Geographical Constituencies<br />
! style="width:45px;"| %<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Proportional Constituencies<br />
! style="width:75px;"| %<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Geographical Constituencies<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Proportional Constituencies<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Total<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#00BBFF"| ||align=left|[[Chart Pattana Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||87||{{increase}}41<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#007500"| ||align=left|[[People's Democrat Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||73||{{decrease}}64<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#D4001F"| ||align=left|[[Socialist Masses Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||24||{{increase}}12<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#11305F| ||align=left|[[People's Power Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||20||{{increase}}2<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#E42D92"| ||align=left|[[Phak Mahachon]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||12||{{increase}}12<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#FFD700"| ||align=left|[[Aspiration Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||2||{{decrease}}5<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#DDDDDD"| ||align=left|{{wp|independent (politics)|Independents}}||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||22||{{increase}}2<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#ffffff"| ||align=left|Others||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||0||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|Invalid/blank votes||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||-||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|'''Total'''||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||-||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|Registered voters/turnout||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||-||-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Analysis==<br />
[[Category:Kaona]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=2021-22_Kaonese_general_election&diff=7525392021-22 Kaonese general election2024-01-14T04:20:09Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox election<br />
| election_name = Kaonese presidential election, 2021-22<br />
| country = Kaona<br />
| type = presidential<br />
| ongoing = no<br />
| previous_election = [[Kaonese presidential election, 2017-18]]<br />
| previous_year = [[Kaonese presidential election, 2017-18|2017-18]]<br />
| next_election = [[Kaonese presidential election, 2025-26]]<br />
| next_year = [[Kaonese presidential election, 2025-26|2025-26]]<br />
| election_date = 30 December 2021 (first round)<br>14 January 2022 (second round)<br />
| image1 =[[File:Thongloun Sisoulith (portrait).jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| candidate1 = [[Kongsampong Khumpai]]<br />
| color1 = 00BBFF<br />
| party1 = [[Chart Pattana Party|CPP]]<br />
| alliance1 =<br />
| popular_vote1 = '''18,179,986'''<br />
| percentage1 = '''52.3%'''<br />
| image2 = [[File:Sukumpol Suwanatat Official 2012.jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| candidate2 =[[Kowit Thammarojphinij]]<br />
| color2 =007500<br />
| party2 = [[People's Democrat Party|PDP]]<br />
| alliance2 = <br />
| popular_vote2 = 16,024,806<br />
| percentage2 = 46.1%<br />
| title = President<br />
| before_election = [[Lursakdi Sonakul]]<br />
| before_party = [[People's Democrat Party|PDP]]<br />
| after_election = [[Kongsampong Khumpai]]<br />
| after_party = [[Chart Pattana Party|CPP]]<br />
| map_image = <br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
}}<br />
The '''11<sup>th</sup> general election in [[Kaona]]''' was be held on the 30<sup>th</sup> December 2021 to elect both the [[President of Kaona|president]] and the National Assembly with a second round being held on the 14<sup>th</sup> January. Under the Kaonese constitution, the president is restricted to two four-year terms in office meaning the incumbent president [[Lursakdi Sonakul]] was ineligible to run for a third term. <br />
<br />
Former premier [[Kongsampong Khumpai]] of the centre-right [[Chart Pattana Party]] won the presidential elections with the CPP emerging as the largest party in parliament. The PDP which had won the presidency in the last two elections and maintained a majority in parliament lost support both to the CPP and two more leftist alternatives, the far-left Socialist Masses Party and liberal Phak Mahachon. <br />
==Electoral process==<br />
Since the 1981 presidential election presidents in Kaona are elected in a two-round system in which if a candidate does not achieve 50%+ of the vote in the first round the candidates with the two highest percentage of the vote will enter a second round. President's can serve a maximum of two four year terms, meaning incumbent president [[Lursakdi Sonakul]] is not eligible for re-election. <br />
<br />
To registrar to become a candidate one has to be a Kaonese citizen, have had permanent residency in Kaona in the past ten years, be over the age of 35 and either has collected 50,000 voters' signatures or be the official candidate of a political party with 5% representation in the National Assembly. People with dual citizenship are banned from running for public office.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
==Candidates==<br />
===Presidential===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="3" style="width:20%;"| Candidate name and age<br>political party<br />
! Political office(s)<br />
! style="width:48%;"| Details<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#007500;" |<br />
| '''[[Kowit Thammarojphinij]]''' ({{Age|1962|7|26|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:PDP Kaona logo.png|50px]]<br>[[People's Democrat Party]]<br />
| [[File:Sukumpol Suwanatat Official 2012.jpg|100px]]<br />
| '''Minister of Foreign Affairs'''<br><small>(2019-2021)</small><br>'''Minister of Defence'''<br><small>(2016-2019)</small><br />
| tba.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#00BBFF;" |<br />
| '''[[Kongsampong Khumpai]]''' ({{Age|1958|3|22|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:CPP logo.png|50px]]<br>[[Chart Pattana Party]]<br />
| [[File:Thongloun Sisoulith (portrait).jpg|100px]]<br />
| '''Prime Minister'''<br><small>(2010-2014)</small><br>'''Minister of Finance'''<br><small>(1996-2004; 2006-2010)</small><br />
| tba.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#D4001F;" |<br />
| '''[[Chavarat Saikwan]]''' ({{Age|1978|7|13|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:SMP logo.png|50px]]<br>[[Socialist Masses Party]]<br />
| [[File:ปิยะบุตร ครอบตัด 2019.jpg|100px]]<br />
| '''Member of the National Assembly'''<br><small>(2014-present)</small><br />
| tba. <br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#11305F;" |<br />
| '''[[Sawai Yubamrung]]''' ({{Age|1942|5|4|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:PPP logo.png|50px]]-[[File:Aspiration Party logo.png|50px]]<br>[[People's Power Party]]-[[Aspiration Party]] <br />
| [[File:Chamlong Srimuang 2008 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br />
| '''Chairman of the Audit Board'''<br><small>(1994-1998)</small><br>'''Member of the National Assembly'''<br><small>(2006-present)</small><br />
| tba. <br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#E42D92;" |<br />
| '''[[Chermarn Ektawatkul]]''' ({{Age|1959|12|2|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:PK logo.png|50px]]<br>[[Phak Mahachon]]<br />
| [[File:Rosana Tositrakul.jpg|100px]]<br />
| None<br />
| tba. <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Parliamentary===<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Party<br />
!Ideology<br />
!Outgoing<br>seats<br />
!In government<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#007500" |<br />
| [[File:PDP Kaona logo.png|100px]]<br />
| [[People's Democrat Party]]<br />
| {{wp|Left-wing nationalism}}, {{wp|Left-wing populism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|137|240|hex=#007500}}<br />
|{{Y}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#00BBFF" |<br />
| [[File:CPP logo.png|100px]]<br />
| [[Chart Pattana Party]]<br />
| {{wp|National conservatism}}, {{wp|Economic liberalism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|46|240|hex=#00BBFF}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#11305F" |<br />
| [[File:PPP logo.png|70px]]<br />
| [[People's Power Party]]<br />
| [[Macakkanism|Political Macakkanism]], {{wp|Religious nationalism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|18|240|hex=#11305F}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#D4001F" |<br />
| [[File:SMP logo.png|100px]]<br />
| [[Socialist Masses Party]]<br />
| {{wp|Democratic socialism}}, {{wp|Left-wing populism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|12|240|hex=#D4001F}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#FFD700" |<br />
| [[File:Aspiration Party logo.png|100px]]<br />
| [[Aspiration Party]]<br />
| {{wp|Economic liberalism}}, {{wp|Conservatism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|7|240|hex=#FFD700}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#E42D92" |<br />
| [[File:PK logo.png|70px]]<br />
| [[Phak Mahachon]]<br />
| {{wp|Liberalism}}, {{wp|Populism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|0|240|hex=#E42D92}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Campaign==<br />
==Results==<br />
===Presidential===<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right<br />
!colspan=2 rowspan=2|Candidate<br />
!rowspan=2|Party<br />
!colspan=2|First round<br />
!colspan=2|Second round<br />
|-<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
|- <br />
|style=background-color:#00BBFF; |<br />
|align=left|[[Kongsampong Khumpai]]||align=left|[[Chart Pattana Party]]||'''14,653,052'''||'''44.1%'''||'''18,179,986'''||52.3%<br />
|-<br />
|style=background-color:#007500; |<br />
|align=left|[[Kowit Thammarojphinij]]||align=left|[[People's Democrat Party]]||'''5,998,900'''||'''18.3%'''||16,024,806||46.1%<br />
|-<br />
|style=background-color:#D4001F |<br />
|align=left|[[Chavarat Saikwan]]||align=left|[[Socialist Masses Party]]||3,999,267||12.2%|| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
|style=background-color:#E42D92; |<br />
|align=left|[[Chermarn Ektawatkul]]||align=left|[[Phak Mahachon]]||3,900,924||11.9%<br />
|-<br />
|style=background-color:#11305F; |<br />
|align=left|[[Sawai Yubamrung]]||align=left|[[People's Power Party]]||3,081,402||9.4%<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3 align=left|Blank votes||1,147,330||3.5%||556,175||1.6%<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3 align=left|'''Total'''||'''32,780,878'''||'''-'''||'''34,760,969'''||'''-'''<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3 align=left|Registered voters/turnout||56,093,221||58.44%||56,093,221||61.97%<br />
|}<br />
===Parliamentary===<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right<br />
|colspan=8|[[File:2012 Kaona.svg|center|300px]]<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2 rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|Party<br />
!colspan=4|Votes<br />
!colspan=3|Seats<br />
!rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|±<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Geographical Constituencies<br />
! style="width:45px;"| %<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Proportional Constituencies<br />
! style="width:75px;"| %<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Geographical Constituencies<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Proportional Constituencies<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Total<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#00BBFF"| ||align=left|[[Chart Pattana Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||87||{{increase}}41<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#007500"| ||align=left|[[People's Democrat Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||73||{{decrease}}64<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#D4001F"| ||align=left|[[Socialist Masses Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||24||{{increase}}12<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#11305F| ||align=left|[[People's Power Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||20||{{increase}}2<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#E42D92"| ||align=left|[[Phak Mahachon]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||12||{{increase}}12<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#FFD700"| ||align=left|[[Aspiration Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||2||{{decrease}}5<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#DDDDDD"| ||align=left|{{wp|independent (politics)|Independents}}||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||22||{{increase}}2<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#ffffff"| ||align=left|Others||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||0||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|Invalid/blank votes||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||-||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|'''Total'''||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||-||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|Registered voters/turnout||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||-||-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Analysis==<br />
[[Category:Kaona]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=2021-22_Kaonese_general_election&diff=7525382021-22 Kaonese general election2024-01-14T04:19:33Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox election<br />
| election_name = Kaonese presidential election, 2021-22<br />
| country = Kaona<br />
| type = presidential<br />
| ongoing = no<br />
| previous_election = [[Kaonese presidential election, 2017-18]]<br />
| previous_year = [[Kaonese presidential election, 2017-18|2017-18]]<br />
| next_election = [[Kaonese presidential election, 2025-26]]<br />
| next_year = [[Kaonese presidential election, 2025-26|2025-26]]<br />
| election_date = 30 December 2021 (first round)<br>14 January 2022 (second round)<br />
| image1 =[[File:Lee Hsien Loong - 20101112.jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| candidate1 = [[Kongsampong Khumpai]]<br />
| color1 = 00BBFF<br />
| party1 = [[Chart Pattana Party|CPP]]<br />
| alliance1 =<br />
| popular_vote1 = '''18,179,986'''<br />
| percentage1 = '''52.3%'''<br />
| image2 = [[File:Sukumpol Suwanatat Official 2012.jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| candidate2 =[[Kowit Thammarojphinij]]<br />
| color2 =007500<br />
| party2 = [[People's Democrat Party|PDP]]<br />
| alliance2 = <br />
| popular_vote2 = 16,024,806<br />
| percentage2 = 46.1%<br />
| title = President<br />
| before_election = [[Lursakdi Sonakul]]<br />
| before_party = [[People's Democrat Party|PDP]]<br />
| after_election = [[Kongsampong Khumpai]]<br />
| after_party = [[Chart Pattana Party|CPP]]<br />
| map_image = <br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
}}<br />
The '''11<sup>th</sup> general election in [[Kaona]]''' was be held on the 30<sup>th</sup> December 2021 to elect both the [[President of Kaona|president]] and the National Assembly with a second round being held on the 14<sup>th</sup> January. Under the Kaonese constitution, the president is restricted to two four-year terms in office meaning the incumbent president [[Lursakdi Sonakul]] was ineligible to run for a third term. <br />
<br />
Former premier [[Kongsampong Khumpai]] of the centre-right [[Chart Pattana Party]] won the presidential elections with the CPP emerging as the largest party in parliament. The PDP which had won the presidency in the last two elections and maintained a majority in parliament lost support both to the CPP and two more leftist alternatives, the far-left Socialist Masses Party and liberal Phak Mahachon. <br />
==Electoral process==<br />
Since the 1981 presidential election presidents in Kaona are elected in a two-round system in which if a candidate does not achieve 50%+ of the vote in the first round the candidates with the two highest percentage of the vote will enter a second round. President's can serve a maximum of two four year terms, meaning incumbent president [[Lursakdi Sonakul]] is not eligible for re-election. <br />
<br />
To registrar to become a candidate one has to be a Kaonese citizen, have had permanent residency in Kaona in the past ten years, be over the age of 35 and either has collected 50,000 voters' signatures or be the official candidate of a political party with 5% representation in the National Assembly. People with dual citizenship are banned from running for public office.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
==Candidates==<br />
===Presidential===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="3" style="width:20%;"| Candidate name and age<br>political party<br />
! Political office(s)<br />
! style="width:48%;"| Details<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#007500;" |<br />
| '''[[Kowit Thammarojphinij]]''' ({{Age|1962|7|26|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:PDP Kaona logo.png|50px]]<br>[[People's Democrat Party]]<br />
| [[File:Sukumpol Suwanatat Official 2012.jpg|100px]]<br />
| '''Minister of Foreign Affairs'''<br><small>(2019-2021)</small><br>'''Minister of Defence'''<br><small>(2016-2019)</small><br />
| tba.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#00BBFF;" |<br />
| '''[[Kongsampong Khumpai]]''' ({{Age|1958|3|22|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:CPP logo.png|50px]]<br>[[Chart Pattana Party]]<br />
| [[File:Lee Hsien Loong - 20101112.jpg|100px]]<br />
| '''Prime Minister'''<br><small>(2010-2014)</small><br>'''Minister of Finance'''<br><small>(1996-2004; 2006-2010)</small><br />
| tba.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#D4001F;" |<br />
| '''[[Chavarat Saikwan]]''' ({{Age|1978|7|13|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:SMP logo.png|50px]]<br>[[Socialist Masses Party]]<br />
| [[File:ปิยะบุตร ครอบตัด 2019.jpg|100px]]<br />
| '''Member of the National Assembly'''<br><small>(2014-present)</small><br />
| tba. <br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#11305F;" |<br />
| '''[[Sawai Yubamrung]]''' ({{Age|1942|5|4|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:PPP logo.png|50px]]-[[File:Aspiration Party logo.png|50px]]<br>[[People's Power Party]]-[[Aspiration Party]] <br />
| [[File:Chamlong Srimuang 2008 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br />
| '''Chairman of the Audit Board'''<br><small>(1994-1998)</small><br>'''Member of the National Assembly'''<br><small>(2006-present)</small><br />
| tba. <br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#E42D92;" |<br />
| '''[[Chermarn Ektawatkul]]''' ({{Age|1959|12|2|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:PK logo.png|50px]]<br>[[Phak Mahachon]]<br />
| [[File:Rosana Tositrakul.jpg|100px]]<br />
| None<br />
| tba. <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Parliamentary===<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Party<br />
!Ideology<br />
!Outgoing<br>seats<br />
!In government<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#007500" |<br />
| [[File:PDP Kaona logo.png|100px]]<br />
| [[People's Democrat Party]]<br />
| {{wp|Left-wing nationalism}}, {{wp|Left-wing populism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|137|240|hex=#007500}}<br />
|{{Y}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#00BBFF" |<br />
| [[File:CPP logo.png|100px]]<br />
| [[Chart Pattana Party]]<br />
| {{wp|National conservatism}}, {{wp|Economic liberalism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|46|240|hex=#00BBFF}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#11305F" |<br />
| [[File:PPP logo.png|70px]]<br />
| [[People's Power Party]]<br />
| [[Macakkanism|Political Macakkanism]], {{wp|Religious nationalism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|18|240|hex=#11305F}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#D4001F" |<br />
| [[File:SMP logo.png|100px]]<br />
| [[Socialist Masses Party]]<br />
| {{wp|Democratic socialism}}, {{wp|Left-wing populism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|12|240|hex=#D4001F}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#FFD700" |<br />
| [[File:Aspiration Party logo.png|100px]]<br />
| [[Aspiration Party]]<br />
| {{wp|Economic liberalism}}, {{wp|Conservatism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|7|240|hex=#FFD700}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#E42D92" |<br />
| [[File:PK logo.png|70px]]<br />
| [[Phak Mahachon]]<br />
| {{wp|Liberalism}}, {{wp|Populism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|0|240|hex=#E42D92}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Campaign==<br />
==Results==<br />
===Presidential===<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right<br />
!colspan=2 rowspan=2|Candidate<br />
!rowspan=2|Party<br />
!colspan=2|First round<br />
!colspan=2|Second round<br />
|-<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
|- <br />
|style=background-color:#00BBFF; |<br />
|align=left|[[Kongsampong Khumpai]]||align=left|[[Chart Pattana Party]]||'''14,653,052'''||'''44.1%'''||'''18,179,986'''||52.3%<br />
|-<br />
|style=background-color:#007500; |<br />
|align=left|[[Kowit Thammarojphinij]]||align=left|[[People's Democrat Party]]||'''5,998,900'''||'''18.3%'''||16,024,806||46.1%<br />
|-<br />
|style=background-color:#D4001F |<br />
|align=left|[[Chavarat Saikwan]]||align=left|[[Socialist Masses Party]]||3,999,267||12.2%|| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
|style=background-color:#E42D92; |<br />
|align=left|[[Chermarn Ektawatkul]]||align=left|[[Phak Mahachon]]||3,900,924||11.9%<br />
|-<br />
|style=background-color:#11305F; |<br />
|align=left|[[Sawai Yubamrung]]||align=left|[[People's Power Party]]||3,081,402||9.4%<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3 align=left|Blank votes||1,147,330||3.5%||556,175||1.6%<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3 align=left|'''Total'''||'''32,780,878'''||'''-'''||'''34,760,969'''||'''-'''<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3 align=left|Registered voters/turnout||56,093,221||58.44%||56,093,221||61.97%<br />
|}<br />
===Parliamentary===<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right<br />
|colspan=8|[[File:2012 Kaona.svg|center|300px]]<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2 rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|Party<br />
!colspan=4|Votes<br />
!colspan=3|Seats<br />
!rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|±<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Geographical Constituencies<br />
! style="width:45px;"| %<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Proportional Constituencies<br />
! style="width:75px;"| %<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Geographical Constituencies<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Proportional Constituencies<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Total<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#00BBFF"| ||align=left|[[Chart Pattana Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||87||{{increase}}41<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#007500"| ||align=left|[[People's Democrat Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||73||{{decrease}}64<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#D4001F"| ||align=left|[[Socialist Masses Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||24||{{increase}}12<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#11305F| ||align=left|[[People's Power Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||20||{{increase}}2<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#E42D92"| ||align=left|[[Phak Mahachon]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||12||{{increase}}12<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#FFD700"| ||align=left|[[Aspiration Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||2||{{decrease}}5<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#DDDDDD"| ||align=left|{{wp|independent (politics)|Independents}}||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||22||{{increase}}2<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#ffffff"| ||align=left|Others||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||0||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|Invalid/blank votes||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||-||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|'''Total'''||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||-||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|Registered voters/turnout||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||-||-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Analysis==<br />
[[Category:Kaona]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=2021-22_Kaonese_general_election&diff=7525372021-22 Kaonese general election2024-01-14T04:19:24Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox election<br />
| election_name = Kaonese presidential election, 2021-22<br />
| country = Kaona<br />
| type = presidential<br />
| ongoing = no<br />
| previous_election = [[Kaonese presidential election, 2017-18]]<br />
| previous_year = [[Kaonese presidential election, 2017-18|2017-18]]<br />
| next_election = [[Kaonese presidential election, 2025-26]]<br />
| next_year = [[Kaonese presidential election, 2025-26|2025-26]]<br />
| election_date = 30 December 2021 (first round)<br>14 January 2022 (second round)<br />
| image1 =[[File:Thongloun Sisoulith (portrait).jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| candidate1 = [[Kongsampong Khumpai]]<br />
| color1 = 00BBFF<br />
| party1 = [[Chart Pattana Party|CPP]]<br />
| alliance1 =<br />
| popular_vote1 = '''18,179,986'''<br />
| percentage1 = '''52.3%'''<br />
| image2 = [[File:Sukumpol Suwanatat Official 2012.jpg|160x160px]]<br />
| candidate2 =[[Kowit Thammarojphinij]]<br />
| color2 =007500<br />
| party2 = [[People's Democrat Party|PDP]]<br />
| alliance2 = <br />
| popular_vote2 = 16,024,806<br />
| percentage2 = 46.1%<br />
| title = President<br />
| before_election = [[Lursakdi Sonakul]]<br />
| before_party = [[People's Democrat Party|PDP]]<br />
| after_election = [[Kongsampong Khumpai]]<br />
| after_party = [[Chart Pattana Party|CPP]]<br />
| map_image = <br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
}}<br />
The '''11<sup>th</sup> general election in [[Kaona]]''' was be held on the 30<sup>th</sup> December 2021 to elect both the [[President of Kaona|president]] and the National Assembly with a second round being held on the 14<sup>th</sup> January. Under the Kaonese constitution, the president is restricted to two four-year terms in office meaning the incumbent president [[Lursakdi Sonakul]] was ineligible to run for a third term. <br />
<br />
Former premier [[Kongsampong Khumpai]] of the centre-right [[Chart Pattana Party]] won the presidential elections with the CPP emerging as the largest party in parliament. The PDP which had won the presidency in the last two elections and maintained a majority in parliament lost support both to the CPP and two more leftist alternatives, the far-left Socialist Masses Party and liberal Phak Mahachon. <br />
==Electoral process==<br />
Since the 1981 presidential election presidents in Kaona are elected in a two-round system in which if a candidate does not achieve 50%+ of the vote in the first round the candidates with the two highest percentage of the vote will enter a second round. President's can serve a maximum of two four year terms, meaning incumbent president [[Lursakdi Sonakul]] is not eligible for re-election. <br />
<br />
To registrar to become a candidate one has to be a Kaonese citizen, have had permanent residency in Kaona in the past ten years, be over the age of 35 and either has collected 50,000 voters' signatures or be the official candidate of a political party with 5% representation in the National Assembly. People with dual citizenship are banned from running for public office.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
==Candidates==<br />
===Presidential===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="3" style="width:20%;"| Candidate name and age<br>political party<br />
! Political office(s)<br />
! style="width:48%;"| Details<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#007500;" |<br />
| '''[[Kowit Thammarojphinij]]''' ({{Age|1962|7|26|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:PDP Kaona logo.png|50px]]<br>[[People's Democrat Party]]<br />
| [[File:Sukumpol Suwanatat Official 2012.jpg|100px]]<br />
| '''Minister of Foreign Affairs'''<br><small>(2019-2021)</small><br>'''Minister of Defence'''<br><small>(2016-2019)</small><br />
| tba.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#00BBFF;" |<br />
| '''[[Kongsampong Khumpai]]''' ({{Age|1958|3|22|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:CPP logo.png|50px]]<br>[[Chart Pattana Party]]<br />
| [[File:Thongloun Sisoulith (portrait).jpg|100px]]<br />
| '''Prime Minister'''<br><small>(2010-2014)</small><br>'''Minister of Finance'''<br><small>(1996-2004; 2006-2010)</small><br />
| tba.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#D4001F;" |<br />
| '''[[Chavarat Saikwan]]''' ({{Age|1978|7|13|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:SMP logo.png|50px]]<br>[[Socialist Masses Party]]<br />
| [[File:ปิยะบุตร ครอบตัด 2019.jpg|100px]]<br />
| '''Member of the National Assembly'''<br><small>(2014-present)</small><br />
| tba. <br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#11305F;" |<br />
| '''[[Sawai Yubamrung]]''' ({{Age|1942|5|4|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:PPP logo.png|50px]]-[[File:Aspiration Party logo.png|50px]]<br>[[People's Power Party]]-[[Aspiration Party]] <br />
| [[File:Chamlong Srimuang 2008 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br />
| '''Chairman of the Audit Board'''<br><small>(1994-1998)</small><br>'''Member of the National Assembly'''<br><small>(2006-present)</small><br />
| tba. <br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#E42D92;" |<br />
| '''[[Chermarn Ektawatkul]]''' ({{Age|1959|12|2|2021|11|21}})<br>[[File:PK logo.png|50px]]<br>[[Phak Mahachon]]<br />
| [[File:Rosana Tositrakul.jpg|100px]]<br />
| None<br />
| tba. <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Parliamentary===<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Party<br />
!Ideology<br />
!Outgoing<br>seats<br />
!In government<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#007500" |<br />
| [[File:PDP Kaona logo.png|100px]]<br />
| [[People's Democrat Party]]<br />
| {{wp|Left-wing nationalism}}, {{wp|Left-wing populism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|137|240|hex=#007500}}<br />
|{{Y}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#00BBFF" |<br />
| [[File:CPP logo.png|100px]]<br />
| [[Chart Pattana Party]]<br />
| {{wp|National conservatism}}, {{wp|Economic liberalism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|46|240|hex=#00BBFF}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#11305F" |<br />
| [[File:PPP logo.png|70px]]<br />
| [[People's Power Party]]<br />
| [[Macakkanism|Political Macakkanism]], {{wp|Religious nationalism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|18|240|hex=#11305F}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#D4001F" |<br />
| [[File:SMP logo.png|100px]]<br />
| [[Socialist Masses Party]]<br />
| {{wp|Democratic socialism}}, {{wp|Left-wing populism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|12|240|hex=#D4001F}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#FFD700" |<br />
| [[File:Aspiration Party logo.png|100px]]<br />
| [[Aspiration Party]]<br />
| {{wp|Economic liberalism}}, {{wp|Conservatism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|7|240|hex=#FFD700}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#E42D92" |<br />
| [[File:PK logo.png|70px]]<br />
| [[Phak Mahachon]]<br />
| {{wp|Liberalism}}, {{wp|Populism}}<br />
| {{Composition bar|0|240|hex=#E42D92}}<br />
|{{N}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Campaign==<br />
==Results==<br />
===Presidential===<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right<br />
!colspan=2 rowspan=2|Candidate<br />
!rowspan=2|Party<br />
!colspan=2|First round<br />
!colspan=2|Second round<br />
|-<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
|- <br />
|style=background-color:#00BBFF; |<br />
|align=left|[[Kongsampong Khumpai]]||align=left|[[Chart Pattana Party]]||'''14,653,052'''||'''44.1%'''||'''18,179,986'''||52.3%<br />
|-<br />
|style=background-color:#007500; |<br />
|align=left|[[Kowit Thammarojphinij]]||align=left|[[People's Democrat Party]]||'''5,998,900'''||'''18.3%'''||16,024,806||46.1%<br />
|-<br />
|style=background-color:#D4001F |<br />
|align=left|[[Chavarat Saikwan]]||align=left|[[Socialist Masses Party]]||3,999,267||12.2%|| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
|style=background-color:#E42D92; |<br />
|align=left|[[Chermarn Ektawatkul]]||align=left|[[Phak Mahachon]]||3,900,924||11.9%<br />
|-<br />
|style=background-color:#11305F; |<br />
|align=left|[[Sawai Yubamrung]]||align=left|[[People's Power Party]]||3,081,402||9.4%<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3 align=left|Blank votes||1,147,330||3.5%||556,175||1.6%<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3 align=left|'''Total'''||'''32,780,878'''||'''-'''||'''34,760,969'''||'''-'''<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=3 align=left|Registered voters/turnout||56,093,221||58.44%||56,093,221||61.97%<br />
|}<br />
===Parliamentary===<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right<br />
|colspan=8|[[File:2012 Kaona.svg|center|300px]]<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2 rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|Party<br />
!colspan=4|Votes<br />
!colspan=3|Seats<br />
!rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|±<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Geographical Constituencies<br />
! style="width:45px;"| %<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Proportional Constituencies<br />
! style="width:75px;"| %<br />
! style="width:75px;"| Geographical Constituencies<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Proportional Constituencies<br />
! style="width:45px;"| Total<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#00BBFF"| ||align=left|[[Chart Pattana Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||87||{{increase}}41<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#007500"| ||align=left|[[People's Democrat Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||73||{{decrease}}64<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#D4001F"| ||align=left|[[Socialist Masses Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||24||{{increase}}12<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#11305F| ||align=left|[[People's Power Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||20||{{increase}}2<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#E42D92"| ||align=left|[[Phak Mahachon]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||12||{{increase}}12<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#FFD700"| ||align=left|[[Aspiration Party]]||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||2||{{decrease}}5<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#DDDDDD"| ||align=left|{{wp|independent (politics)|Independents}}||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||22||{{increase}}2<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#ffffff"| ||align=left|Others||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||0||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|Invalid/blank votes||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||-||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|'''Total'''||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||-||-<br />
|-<br />
|align=left colspan=2|Registered voters/turnout||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||tba||-||-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Analysis==<br />
[[Category:Kaona]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Kaona&diff=752531Kaona2024-01-14T03:55:45Z<p>Britbong64: /* Government and politics */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
{{WIP}}<br />
{{Region icon Levilion}}<br />
{{Infobox country<br />
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Kaona<br />
|native_name = สาธารณรัฐข้าวนา<br><small>S̄āṭhārṇrạṭ̄h Kâaona</small><br>ສາທາລະນະລັດ ຂອງ ເຂົ້າສະໜາມ<br><small>Sathalanalad Khong Khaosanam</small><br />
|common_name = Kaona<br />
|image_flag = Flag of Kaona.jpg<br />
|alt_flag = <!--alt text for flag (text shown when pointer hovers over flag)--><br />
|image_flag2 = <!--e.g. Second-flag of country.svg--><br />
|alt_flag2 = <!--alt text for second flag--><br />
|image_coat = Coat of Arms of Kaona.png<br />
|alt_coat = <!--alt text for coat of arms--><br />
|symbol_type = Seal<br />
|national_motto = ความสามัคคีในความหลากหลาย<br>ຄວາມສາມັກຄີໃນຄວາມຫຼາກຫຼາຍ<br><small>''Unity in Diversity''</small><br />
|national_anthem = [[Song of Unity|เพลงแห่งสามัคคี<br>ເພງຂອງສະຫະປະຊາຊາດ<br><small>Song of Unity</small>]]<br>[[File:MediaPlayer.png|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tLdssxJDVIs|200px]]<br />
|royal_anthem = <!--in italics (double quotemarks) and wikilinked if link exists--><br />
|other_symbol_type = <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn--><br />
|other_symbol =<br />
|image_map = Map of Kaona.png<br />
|alt_map = <!--alt text for map--><br />
|map_caption = Location of Kaona in [[Isuan]] in [[Portal:Levilion|Levilion]]<br />
|image_map2 = <br />
|alt_map2 = <!--alt text for second map--><br />
|map_caption2 = <!--Caption to place below second map--><br />
|capital = [[Phuko]]<br />
|latd= | latm= | latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= <!--capital's latitude and longitude in degrees/minutes/direction--><br />
|largest_city = capital<br />
|largest_settlement_type = largest city<br />
|largest_settlement = <!--Name of largest settlement--><br />
|official_languages = {{Wp|Thai language|Kaonese}}<br />
|national_languages = <!--Country/territory-wide languages recognised but not necessarily in country/territory-wide law, etc--><br />
|regional_languages = {{wp|Lao language|Bassac}}<br />
|languages_type = <!--Use to specify a further type of language, if not official, national or regional--><br />
|languages = <!--Languages of the further type--><br />
|languages_sub = <!--Is this further type of language a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? ("yes" or "no")--><br />
|languages2_type = <!--Another further type of language--><br />
|languages2 = <!--Languages of this second further type--><br />
|languages2_sub = <!--Is the second alternative type of languages a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? ("yes" or "no")--><br />
|ethnic_groups = 76.57% {{wp|Thai people|Kaonese}}<Br>18.62% {{wp|Lao people|Bassac}}<br>6.81% other<br />
|ethnic_groups_year = 2013 <!--Year of ethnic groups data (if provided) or use to place a <ref>--><br />
|demonym = Kaonese<br />
|religion = [[Macakkanism]]<br />
|government_type = {{wp|Unitary state|Unitary}} {{wp|semi-presidential system|semi-presidential}} {{wp|republic}}<br />
|leader_title1 = [[President of Kaona|President]]<br />
|leader_name1 = [[Kongsampong Khumpai]]<br />
|leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Kaona|Prime Minister]]<br />
|leader_name2 = [[Xaisomboun Thonemany]]<br />
|leader_title3 =<br />
|leader_name3 = <br />
|legislature = [[National Assembly (Kaona)|National Assembly]]<br />
|upper_house = <br />
|lower_house = <br />
|sovereignty_type = Independence from [[Rythene]]<br />
|sovereignty_note = <br />
|established_date1 = 14 June 1945<br />
|established_event1 = Declared<br />
|established_date2 = <br />
|established_event2 = <br />
|established_date3 = <br />
|established_event3 =<br />
|established_date4 = <br />
|established_event4 = <br />
|area_rank = <br />
|area_magnitude = <br />
|area = <br />
|area_km2 =2,584,618<br />
|area_sq_mi =<br />
|area_footnote = <br />
|percent_water = <br />
|area_label = Total<br />
|area_label2 = <!--Label below area_label (optional)--><br />
|area_data2 = <!--Text after area_label2 (optional)--><br />
|population_estimate = 87,396,981<br />
|population_estimate_rank = <br />
|population_estimate_year = 2020<br />
|population_census = 82,567,283<br />
|population_census_year = 2015<br />
|population_density_km2 = 33.8<br />
|population_density_sq_mi = <br />
|population_density_rank = <br />
|GDP_PPP = $2,363,476 billion<br />
|GDP_PPP_rank = <br />
|GDP_PPP_year = <br />
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $27,043<br />
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = <br />
|GDP_nominal = $861,472 billion <br />
|GDP_nominal_rank = <br />
|GDP_nominal_year = <br />
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $9,857<br />
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = <br />
|Gini = 41.2<br />
|Gini_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)--><br />
|Gini_rank = <br />
|Gini_year = <br />
|HDI = 0.744 <!--(Human Development Index; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 1)--><br />
|HDI_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)--><br />
|HDI_rank = <br />
|HDI_year = <br />
|currency = Ngein<br />
|currency_code =NGN <!--ISO 4217 code/s for currency/ies (each usually three capital letters)--><br />
|time_zone = <!--e.g. GMT, PST, AST, etc, etc (wikilinked if possible)--><br />
|utc_offset = <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset--><br />
|time_zone_DST = <!--Link to DST (Daylight Saving Time) used, otherwise "not observed"--><br />
|utc_offset_DST = <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset--><br />
|DST_note = <!--Optional note regarding DST use--><br />
|antipodes = <!--Place/s exactly on the opposite side of the world to country/territory--><br />
|date_format = yyy-mm-dd<br />
|drives_on = {{Wp|Right- and left-hand traffic|left}}<br />
|cctld = [[.ko]]<br />
|iso3166code = KH<br />
|calling_code = +764<br />
|image_map3 = <!--Optional third map position, e.g. for use with reference to footnotes below it--><br />
|alt_map3 = <!--alt text for third map position--><br />
|footnote_a = <!--For any footnote <sup>a</sup> used above--><br />
|footnote_b = <!--For any footnote <sup>b</sup> used above--><br />
<!--......--><br />
|footnote_h = <!--For any footnote <sup>h</sup> used above--><br />
|footnotes = <!--For any generic non-numbered footnotes--><br />
}}<br />
'''Kaona''' ({{Wp|Thai language|Kaonese}}: '''ข้าวนาำ'''; ''Kâaona''; {{wp|Lao language|Bassac}}: '''ເຂົ້າສະໜາມ'''; ''Khaosanam'') officially the '''Republic of Kaona''' ({{Wp|Thai language|Kaonese}}: '''สาธารณรัฐข้าวนา'''; ''S̄āṭhārṇrạṭ̄h Kâaona''; {{wp|Lao language|Bassac}}: '''ສາທາລະນະລັດ ຂອງ ເຂົ້າສະໜາມ'''; ''Sathalanalad Khong Khaosanam'') is a country in Isuan sharing land and maritime borders with [[Songha]] to the south. Populated predominantly by ethnic {{wp|Thai people|Kaonese}} with a large minority of {{wp|Lao people|Bassacs}} Kaona has a population of 87 million people. Its capital and largest city is [[Phuko]], located in the south of the country. <br />
<br />
Kaona has been inhabited since the palaeolithic age. The Pankong Kingdom which emerged around 100 BCE was the first Kaonese state which saw the partial codification of the Kaonese language, although remained subordinate to other larger states and empires in the area. The Pankong Kingdom would be succeeded briefly by a period of civil war before the rise of the Hom Khao Empire from 800 CE to the 1100's would emerge. The empire was dominated by the ethnic Bassac Xang dynasy but never reached the heights of other empires in the region; for this reason its collapse in the 1300's meant that many of its achievements were reversed in the regionalisation that succeeded it. <br />
<br />
The area was then unified in the 1100's under King Ramathibodi who created the [[Yutkong Kingdom]]. Considered to be the "golden age" of Kaonese history the Yutkong Kingdom reached its height in the 1500's expanding to include neighbouring states. However it entered a sharp decline during the 1600's and collapsed between several petty kingdoms, before being united under the [[Ratchakao Kingdom]] in 1680. Under the Ratchakao there was an institution of the first national legal code and beginning westernising reforms. It came under increasing [[Auressia|Auressian]] influence in the 1800's, being transformed into a [[Rythene|Rythenean]] {{Wp|protectorate}} by 1800's after undergoing a series of {{Wp|unequal treaties}}. Whilst nominally still ruled by the Ratchakao monarchy in reality Rythenean colonial officials held power over the country and its economy. <br />
<br />
Following the second Great War increased nationalist and anti-colonial sentiment led to independence in 1945 under the monarchy. However independence led to new ethnic divisions that threatened the nascent country, leading to the military to seize power in 1948 after the Hmukeaathale region was annexed by Songha after a short war declaring the Kaonese Republic. Although the military oversaw a period of rapid economic growth the country also maintained a long-running insurgency that threatened the stability of the state; this led in the late 1970's to a period of democratisation. Since democratisation Kaona has continued to suffer from ethnic insurgencies and populist politics although since the late 2010's has continued to experience large economic growth. <br />
<br />
Kaona is considered a {{wp|newly industrialised country}} with an economy focused around manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism. Dependent on {{Wp|foreign direct investment}}, Kaona has taken significant measures in recent years to improve infrastructure and continue reconstruction efforts left over from its civil war. Politically the state is a {{wp|semi-presidential system|semi-presidential}} {{wp|republic}}. <br />
==History==<br />
===Prehistory===<br />
Archaeological evidence suggests that human life has resided in what now consists of Kaona since the Palaeolithic age, with fossils and human teeth being discovered in the Ban Thung Si (บ้านทุ่งศรี) caves in the Nasuan region. It is theorised that the first people of Kaona were initially hunter-gatherer people. During the Iron age Kaonese tribes began to coalesce into farming societies centred around rice paddies as well as raise poultry and rice. <br />
<br />
During the iron age the first Kaonese states began to form, mainly in the modern day southeastern regions of Boripat Pakneua and Khao Noi. These kingdoms did not yet develop a writing system, and as such much of their history has either been unearthed through archaeological remains and contact with traders from [[Songha]]. According to Songha sources, these states took the form of farming based tribal confederations, with each owing loyalty to figurehead monarchs and shamans. Many of these states were populated by diverse groups of people who have been collectively grouped by historians as "Munchi Kaonese", as many resided near the Munchi River in northeast Kaona.<br />
<br />
Around 100 BCE the Pankong (ปั้นคง) Kingdom was formed in modern day west Kaona. The Pankong Kingdom saw the spread of what would become the {{wp|Thai language|Kaonese language}} which began to formulated into a script around 150 CE, which was adapted from the [Cambodian] Empire. Whilst the Pankong Kingdom initially began as tribal confederation, it eventually centralised under a seemingly complex system of warlords and shamans supporting the king. Most significantly, the Pankong kingdom saw [[Macakkanism]] start to enter Kaonese society, although it would take centuries before the religion became dominant in Kaona. The Pankong Kingdom collapsed around 300 CE, starting a series of civil wars within the region that would continue for another half a millennia, with various kingdoms within the region attempting to and failing to unite the warring factions. <br />
===Hom Khao Empire===<br />
Around 800 CE the Hom Khao Empire (หอมข้าว) was able to establish a hegemony over the Kaonese region through either taking over or vassalising smaller states. The Hom Khao were northern hill peoples considered to be a precursor to the {{Wp|Lao people|Bassacs}} that was able to centralise power arond their capital, Hom Khao (currently the city of Khong Phai). The Hom Khao Empire brought over new farming, architectural, technological and administrative innovations, but downplayed the development of Macakkanism within Kaona instead promoting the cult of the god-kings (''{{wp|Devaraja|devarāja}}''). The Hom Khao Empire maintained social stability by allowing the speaking and inscription of the Kaonese language, promoting ethnic Kaonese into the ruling bureaucracy and allowing provincial military governors large autonomy. State institutions were based on a hereditary rather then meritocratic system of social mobility which also initially brought social stability but began to degrade over time especially as provinces became ''de facto'' hereditary fiefdoms of their governors. <br />
<br />
The Hom Khao Empire went into a state of decline during the 1300's due to social stagnation, bankruptcy and frequent rebellions. By the 1340's the Hom Khao had entered near total collapse thanks to rebellions directed against the ruling elite over their inability to provide patronage to vassal kingdoms - in turn the empire was further paralysed as it used its tax revenues to fight costly rebellions. By the late 1340's the former vassal kingdom of Yutkong centred around the city of Chonrat had become the most dominant, with its King Ramathibodi, commonly known as Rama I, successfully absorbing many of the vassal kingdoms. By 1350, the Yutkong Kingdom (หยุดของอาณาจักร) had established itself as the new imperial power within the region. <br />
===Yutkong Kingdom===<br />
[[File:Ramkhamhaeng the Great.jpg|thumb|200px|King Ramathibodi (Rama I), founder of the Yutkong Kingdom.]]<br />
During the unification of the vassal kingdoms, Rama I combined the belief of ''devarāja'' with a patronage of [[Macakkanism]], thus melding the Macakkanist clergy into the new state bureaucracy, institutionalising Macakkanism as the state religion of the kingdom. Land held by Macakkanist monks was exempted from taxes whilst feudal landlords were largely autonomous within the kingdom. Rama's patronage of Macakkanism led to the fast expansion of the faith and further led to the decline of the former Hom Khao elite. The Macakkanist monks used {{wp|Thai script|Kaonese script}} over the Bassac script, and promoted the use of the Kaonese language which led to the erosion of Hom Khao influence who were increadsgly considered barbaric in their disposition. Rama also instituted a partial meritocratic system of promotion within the armed forces, with some military officers rising through the ranks based on their skill and subsequently being rewarded with lands and titles. <br />
<br />
Rama I's rule came to an end in 1367, when he was supposedly killed by his son Chatichai, who subsequently ascended to the throne ruling until 1386. Chatichai expanded Macakkanist influence at the expense of regional warlords, which resulted in conflict between the central government and the regional warlords that ended in the crushing of said warlords. This in turn enabled the monarchy and Macakkanist temples to create a centralised state with the Yutkong monarchy supported by the Macakkanist monks exerting absolute control over the kingdom, resulting in the spread of a coherent Kaonese culture across the region. Between the 1400 to the mid 1600's the Yutkong Kingdom continued to expand and develop culturally and economically. This was considered to be the golden age of Kaona as it became one of the most important trade routes for Isuan, nicknamed the "gateway to the orient" as it traded spices, rice, textiles, gold and silver primarily with [[Songha]]. As the kingdom expanded it became more ethnically and religiously diverse, but like the Hom Khao before them the Yutkong elites aimed to integrate these ethnic groups into Kaonese society - however unlike the Hom Khao all power was centralised in the hands of the Chonrat-based elite causing social discontent and regionalism. The divide between the Macakkanist clergy and the central bureaucrats exacerbated this process. <br />
<br />
During the late 1600's the Yutkong Kingdom began to decline. During the 1600's the meritocratic system of social mobility created by Rama I had morphed into a hereditary one, leading to social stagnation and subsequently unrest. This weakened political and military institutions with the Yutkong kingdom. The kingdom attempted to offset growing social unrest by continuing territorial expansion, but this did little was most new land was given to Macakkanist monks, exempting the land and its produce from being taxed under the patronage system towards Macakkanists. Unable to raise significant tax revenues whilst continuing expansionist policies the kingdom became effectively bankrupt, leading to the landlords and Macakkanists who relied on state patronage to fuel social unrest. This unrest manifested in the mid 1700's which saw the Yutkong dynasty collapse.<br />
===Ratchakao Kingdom===<br />
After the collapse of the Yutkong Kingdom, the Ratchakao dynasty centred in the city of Phuko creating the Ratchakao Kingdom (รัฐจะเข้าอาณาจักร) led by King Klao Yu around 1760. The new kingdom instituted a similar patronage of Macakkanist monks whilst enforcing a new legal code and judicial system as well as absorbing and reforming much of the former Yutkong state bureaucracy. The collapse of Yutkong had as had occurred after the fall of the Hom Khao Empire had result in the rise of several vassal states, prompting the Ratchakao Kingdom to lead a series of military campaigns designed to unite the regional kingdoms into a single Kaonese state. The process of unification ended in 1796, after which the Ratchakao Kingdom began to centralise its state functions and modernise. The army was reorganised and the state adopt more permanent institutions as nationalist concepts were starting to develop. <br />
[[File:Kns006.jpg|thumb|250px|The Royal Ratchakao Guard entering Thammachot after it was absorbed into Kaona in 1851.|left]]<br />
Under King Plaek II (1832-66) the Ratchakao government launched several important reforms, known as the ''Plaek reforms''. Western forms of political organisation were implemented such as an appointed National Assembly (รัฐสภา) which oversaw legislative, ministerial and judicial matters as well as a drive to phase out the system of slavery. In 1855 {{wp|conscription}} was introduced with the intention to centralise state power into the hands of the monarchy. Educational and legal reforms were enacted, Western styles of dress encouraged, a national census was commissioned and undertook in 1867 and the first universities created. Coinage was also introduced leading to a more stable economy and an organised tax system, increasing state revenues. Despite these reforms the monarchy under Plaek was unwilling to implement land reform nor industrialisation. The state was still beholden to the interests of feudal landlords and Macakkanist monks, which stifled further development and led to much of the reforms to be implemented in a patch work manner. Whilst this resulted in social and political stability between the monarchy, aristocracy and Macakkanist monks it fostered the same socio-economic stagnation that had occurred under the Yutkong Kingdom. Much of the reforms were only felt within the area around Phuko, with outlying regions dominated by feudal landlords stalling on the implementation of the reforms. <br />
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During this period Kaona became increasingly absorbed in the sphere of Auressian influence. During the 1800's [[Perendism|Perendist]] missionaries started to travel to Kaona, creating churches and schools which were tolerated by the Kaonese monarchy - Ratchakao elites saw the creation of religious schools as a way to modernise the Kaonese state. In 1862 the Kaonese government allowed [[Rythene]] to construct the Oriental Railway, which ran through Kaona and was the first railway within Kaona. Owned the the Oriental Railway Company, a Rythenean semi-stated owned company, the Oriental Railway encouraged greater Rythenean interests in Kaona, supplanting that of other colonial powers such as [[Tyrnica]]. Kaona signed several {{wp|Unequal treaty|unequal treaties}} with Rythene that protected Rythenean citizens within Kaona in exchange for Rythenean investment in Kaona - however much of this investment was geared towards Rythenean interests, who took over the economic functions of the Kaonese state whilst being granted concessions in the form of leased territory. The death of King Plaek in 1866 resulted in Rythene to increasingly interfere into Kaonese internal affairs, with Kaona beginning to be transformed into a ''de facto'' vassal state of Rythene. <br />
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During the 1860's-80's Rythenean Perendist missionaries travelled in greater numbers to Kaona, converting more Kaonese people from Macakkanism to Perendism. Whilist welcomed by some Kaonese reformists and liberals who saw good relations with Rythene as key to Kaonese modernisation this led to the decline of Macakkanist influence in the kingdom, leading Macakkanist monks to put pressure onto the royal government to abolish the privileges of Perendist missionaries and to limit Perendist influence in Kaona. As the Ratchakao Kingdom was dependent on the tax revenues raised on land owned by Macakkanist monks in 1881 King Rama IX ordered for all Rythenean Parendist missionaries to leave mainland Kaona to either the leased territories or Rythene. <br />
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Rythene declared war on the Ratchakao Kingdom, contending that the expulsion of Perendist missionaries violated several treaties between the Rythenean and Ratchakao governments, starting the [[Kaonese-Rythenean War]] which lasted from 1881 to 1884. The Kaonese Royal Army was woefully unequipped to deal with the larger, better trained and more modernised Rythenean army. The Ratchakao Kingdom whilst having attempted to centralise the functions of the state was only partially successfully, with many parts of the kingdom being ''de facto'' fiefdoms and vassals of landlords and Macakkanist monks, meaning resistance to the Rythenean invasion was sporadic. In June 1884 the capital of the Ratchakao Kingdom, Phuko, fell to Rythenean forces with Rama IX being forced to abdicate and sign the Saphung Declaration, which transferred the functions of the Kaonese state to Rythene whilst maintaining a vassalised monarchy under Rama X.<br />
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===Colonisation===<br />
Under Rythenean rule Kaonese society was dramatically restructured. Land was redistributed from native feudal lords to the Rythenean colonial government, who subsequently sold it to Rythenean businessmen who invested heavily in Kaona due to its natural resources and cheap labour force. The Kaonese army was disbanded with many of its members being transferred into the newly created Rythenean-Kaonese Regiments, ensuring Rythenean control over Kaona. The Kaonese monarchy technically still held power but reported to the Rythenean Governor-General who appointed the heads of the military districts in the colony where real power lay.<br />
<br />
[[File:The kingdom of Siam.. (1904) (14783516602).jpg|200px|thumb|Kaona in 1902.]]<br />
Rythene developed a {{wp|plantation economy}} based around rice, rubber and tea alongside fishing, with the focus being on resource extraction. The Oriental Railway Company, the most powerful business in the colony, established a country-wide rail system within the colony and expanding their interests into the mining and agricultural sectors of the economy to the extent that the Oriental Railway Company was described as being a "{{wp|state within a state}}". The resource extraction resulted in produce previously designed to satisfy domestic demands to be instead transferred to Rythene, resulting especially in the case of food for food shortages and a fall in the standard of living to occur. <br />
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Kaona remained politically, socially and economically stable from the 1890's-1930's, with the expansion of infrastructure, literacy and Perendism changing Kaonese society. Under Rythenean rule all Kaonese men were requiered to every year contribute unpaid labour for a month either to the Rythenean colonial government or more commonly the Oriental Railway Company. Education was also transferred from Macakkanist temples to Perendist missionaries weakening the power of the former. <br />
<br />
In 1916, the [[Thammachot Rebellion]] saw a group of rice farmers and independence activists in the Thammachot province to murder their Rythenean plantation owners and form an autonomous state within the colony, known as the [[Thammachot Commune]]. The commune existed for six months before being crushed by Rythenean forces, but during that time emboldened Kaonese nationalism. Resistance to Rythenean rule was minimal following the Thammachot Rebellion, but in the intellectual sphere Kaonese nationalism began to take root whilst in Kaonese expat communities, especially in Rythene, agitation for greater autonomy for Kaona increased. <br />
===Independence===<br />
==Government and politics==<br />
{{multiple image<br />
|align=right<br />
|image1=Thongloun Sisoulith with Obamas cropped.jpg<br />
|width1=140<br />
|caption1=[[President of Kaona|President]] [[Kongsampong Khumpai]]<br />
|alt1=<br />
|image2=Don Pramudwinai (cropped).jpg<br />
|width2=150<br />
|caption2=[[Prime Minister of Kaona|Prime Minister]] [[Xaisomboun Thonemany]]<br />
|alt2=<br />
}}<br />
Kaona is commonly seen as a {{wp|unitary}} {{wp|Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential}} {{wp| republic}} with a {{Wp|representative democracy}} and {{Wp|separation of powers}}. The {{wp|head of state}} is the [[President of Kaona|President]], whilst the executive government is headed by the [[Council of Ministers of Kaona]] led by the {{wp|head of government}}, the [[Prime Minister of Kaona|prime minister]]. The president is considered to be the more powerful of the two posts and often has sole control over foreign and defence related matters being {{wp|commander-in-chief}}. The legislature is the unicameral [[National Assembly (Kaona)|National Assembly]] which possesses 448 seats elected under a {{wp|parallel system}}. The judiciary is divided between the Supreme Court (which acts as the court of last resort) and the Constitutional Court (which handles constitutional matters). As a unitary state, Kaona is divided into 22 provinces, although increasing decentralisation has been implemented since the mid 2000's. <br />
<br />
The current government of Kaona is a {{wp|grand coalition}} between the centre-right [[Chart Pattana Party]] and the centre-left [[People's Democrat Party]], The president is [[Kongsampong Khumpai]] from the CPP and the prime minister is [[Xaisomboun Thonemany]] from the PDP both having served since 2022. <br />
<br />
Since independence Kaonese politics has been marked by persistent ethnic and political divisions. The military of Kaona has often had a large influence in politics either directly governing the nation as occurred from 1948-1967 and 1970-1982 or maintaining a strong role in national politics. The military has traditionally supported a combination of republicanism, secularism, modernisation and the necessity of state intervention in the economy, education and other public services, perceiving themselves to be a bulwark against both revolutionary socialism and reactionary traditionalism. Since the mid-1990's however there has been a shift as the traditional military-bureaucratic elite has split between those supporting a more statist course aligning with more centre-left elements and those supporting a more neoliberal model aligning with more traditionalist forces. <br />
<br />
===Government===<br />
Kaona's government is centred around the [[President of Kaona|president]], the highest executive post in the country. Officially the president has the power to veto certain legislation, appoint the government and approve of ministers, ratifies treaties, nominates members of the Supreme and Constitutional Courts with parliamentary approval, declare war and grant pardons. The president can also dismiss the prime minister and cabinet although has to do so with parliamentary approval and also serves as {{wp|commander-in-chief}} of the [[Armed Forces of Kaona]]. The president is elected every four years and can be re-elected once through a {{wp|two round system}}. <br />
<br />
The [[Council of Ministers of Kaona]] sits below the president as one of the most important executive bodies in the country. The cabinet is appointed by the president and governs with the confidence of the National Assembly. The cabinet itself consists of 28 ministries and is chaired by the [[Prime Minister of Kaona|Prime Minister]] who officially appoints members of cabinet with presidential approval. <br />
<br />
In the interest of maintaining balance between ethnic groups, the government is structured in order to represent all groups. Ministries are divided proportionally between ethnic groups, a practice introduced in 1997 as part of the government's reconciliation measures during the ongoning [[Kaonese Insurgency]]. <br />
===Legislature===<br />
{{Sidebar<br />
| name = Khaonam<br />
| outertitle = [[National Assembly (Khaonam)|National Assembly]]<br />
| topimage = <br />
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| image = [[File:Kaona parliament.png|200px]]<br />
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| headingstyle = <br />
| contentstyle = <br />
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| heading1 = <br />
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[[Image:2012 Kaona.svg|240px|right]]<br />
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'''Government (168 seats)''''<br>>{{legend|#00BBFF|[[Chart Pattana Party|CPP]]: 87 seats}}{{legend|#007500|[[People's Democrat Party|PDP]]: 73 seats}}{{legend|#DDDDDD|{{wp|Independents|Ind.}}: 8 seats}}'''Opposition (72)'''<br>{{legend|#E70A0A|[[Socialist Masses Party|SMP]]: 24 seats}} {{legend|#11305F|[[People's Power Party|PPP]]: 20 seats}} {{legend|#E42D92|[[Phak Mahachon|PK]]: 12 seats}} {{legend|#FFD700|[[Aspiration Party|AP]]: 2 seats }} {{legend|#DDDDDD|{{wp|Independents|Ind.}}: 14 seats}}}}<br />
The {{wp|unicameralism|unicameral}} legislature of Kaona is the [[National Assembly (Kaona)|National Assembly]] (รัฐสภา; ''Ratthasapha'') located in the capital of Phuko. The National Assembly sits for four years, being elected through {{wp|universal suffrage}} concurrently with the first round of presidential elections. Elections are done under a {{wp|parallel system|supplementary members system}} with 120 seats being elected under {{wp|first-past-the-post}} and 120 seats elected under {{wp|party-list proportional representation}}. Prior to 2004 the legislature was elected purely under proportional representation. <br />
<br />
The legislature's main role is both to pass legislation but also to act as a {{wp|checks and balances|check}} on government. The legislature has the power to open {{Wp|impeachment}} procedures against the president, scrutinise government legislation through either debate or subcommittees or propose a {{wp|vote of no confidence}} in the council of ministers. The prime minister and council of ministers must have the approval of the National Assembly although the president reserves the sole right to nominate a prime minister. <br />
<br />
The timing of legislative elections means that {{wp|cohabitation (government)|cohabitation}} is relatively rare in Kaonese politics, with president's usually holding a majority during their term. An exception occurred during the presidency of [[Tawatwong Sonakul]] when a narrow right-wing majority in the National Assembly was paired with a left-wing presidential administration which resulted in cabinets during that term to mostly be {{Wp|technocracy|technocratic}} in nature.<br />
<br />
===Political parties===<br />
===Judiciary===<br />
===Subdivisions===<br />
===Armed forces and intelligence===<br />
===Human Rights===<br />
===Foreign relations===<br />
===Crime and law enforcement===<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
===Biodiversity===<br />
===Climate===<br />
==Economy==<br />
===Economic history===<br />
===Agriculture===<br />
===Currency===<br />
===Energy===<br />
===Industry===<br />
===Science and Technology===<br />
===Services===<br />
===Transportation===<br />
==Demographics==<br />
===Education===<br />
===Ethnic groups===<br />
===Healthcare===<br />
===Language===<br />
===Largest cities===<br />
===Religion===<br />
==Culture==<br />
===Architecture===<br />
===Art===<br />
===Cuisine===<br />
[[File:Phat Thai kung Chang Khien street stall.jpg|thumb|250px|{{wp|Pad Thai|Phad Kao}}, a popular dish in Kaona]]<br />
Kaona is known internationally for its distinctive cuisine, often divided between {{Wp|Thai cuisine|Kaonese}} and {{Wp|Lao cuisine|Bassac}} cuisine. Unlike other cuisines in the region, Kaonese cuisine is known for its complexity, harmonising several flavours (sour, sweet, salty, bitter, and spicy) into one whilst also paying great attention to texture, smell and appearance. Its cuisine is somewhat influenced by [[Songha]] to the south whose traders brought and traded food with Kaonese merchants historically. Kaonese cuisine utilises non-sticky long-grain rice whilst Bassac cuisine uses sticky rice. Bassac cuisine uses galangal, lemongrass, and padaek as staple ingredients and is considered to be less complex than Kaonese food. <br />
<br />
Kaonese traditionally use their hands to eat food rather than use chopsticks (although the latter is used more recently in food imported from other nations in [[Isuan]]). In recent times spoons and forks have been used more to eat food. Food is often served with rice and many complementary dishes. <br />
<br />
Popular dishes in Kaona and abroad include {{wp|Pad Thai|phad kao}}, {{wp|green curry}}, {{wp|tom yum}}, {{wp|Thai fried rice|khao phat}} and {{wp|khao soi}}, as well as {{wp|Larb|lahb}}, {{wp|khao poon}}, {{wp|Congee#Laos|khao piak khao}} and {{Wp|Kai yang|ping kai}}. Kaona is also known for its {{wp|Beerlao|beerkao}} from its state-owned Kaonese brewery company which is exported internationally. <br />
===Film===<br />
===Holidays===<br />
===Literature===<br />
===Music===<br />
===Media===<br />
===Society===<br />
===Sports===<br />
===Television===<br />
===Theatre and Dance===<br />
[[Category:Levilion]][[Category:Kaona]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Kongsampong_Khumpai&diff=752522Kongsampong Khumpai2024-01-14T03:37:32Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox officeholder<br />
|honorific-prefix = {{wp|Excellency|His Excellency}}<br />
|name = Kongsampong Khumpai<br />
|native_name = คงสมพงษ์ คุ้มภัย<br />
|image = Thongloun Sisoulith (2018-01-25).jpg<br />
|imagesize = 250px<br />
|smallimage = <!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.--><br />
|caption =<br />
|office = 11<sup>th</sup> [[President of Kaona]]<br />
|term_start = 14<sup>th</sup> February 2022<br />
|term_end = <br />
|premier = [[Xaisomboun Thonemany]]<br />
|predecessor = [[Lursakdi Sonakul]]<br />
|office2 = Prime Minister of Kaona<br />
|president2 = [[Chakthip Khaopa]]<br />
|term_start2 = 16<sup>nd</sup> April 2010<br />
|term_end2 = 14<sup>th</sup> February 2014<br />
|predecessor2 = Prapat Kongkran<br />
|successor2 = Ananada Keacham<br />
|office3 = Minister of Finance<br />
|premier3 = Prapat Kongkran<br>''Himself''<br />
|term_start3 = 14<sup>th</sup> February 2006<br />
|term_end3 = 20<sup>th</sup> May 2012<br />
|predecessor3 = Paponsan Nitpattanasai<br />
|successor3 = Tosanakorn Visalyaputra<br />
|term_start4 = 17<sup>th</sup> October 1996<br />
|term_end4 = 22<sup>nd</sup> April 2004<br />
|premier4 = Khamphaeng Xayadeth<br>Thanin Kittipromwong<br>Chakthip Khaopa<br />
|predecessor4 = Keetau Sansurin<br />
|successor4 = Paponsan Nitpattanasai<br />
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1958|3|22}}<br />
|birth_place = Phuko, [[Kaona]]<br />
|death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{Death-date and age|Month DD, YYYY|Month DD, YYYY}} (death date then birth date) --><br />
|death_place = <br />
|party =[[Chart Pattana Party]]<br />
|otherparty = <!--For additional political affiliations--><br />
|spouse = Mayuree Pimolkittikool<br />
|relations = <br />
|children = 2<br />
|alma_mater = University of Phuko<br />
}}<br />
'''Kongsampong Khumpai''' ({{wp|Thai language|Kaonese}}: '''คงสมพงษ์ คุ้มภัย''') is a [[Kaona|Kaonese]] politician who has served as the [[President of Kaona]] since February 2022. He is also Kaona's longest serving Finance Minister serving on two non-consectutive stints from 1996 to 2004 and 2006 to 2012. From 2010 to 2014 Khumpai also served as Prime Minister. A longtime ally of former president [[Chakthip Khaopa]] Khumpai is a member of the centre-right [[Chart Pattana Party]].<br />
<br />
Educated at the University of Phuko Khumpai worked in global banks until he became an unofficial economic adviser to prime minister Khaopa in 1993, working on the CPP party platform in the [[1993-94 Kaonese general election]]. After Khaopa's victory Khumpai continuned to work in an advisory role for the president and in 1996 would be appointed as Finance Minister. Serving in the role for the next eight years Khumpai would pursue a policy of privatisation, deregulation and economic liberalisation alongside a tight fiscal and monetary policy. Khumpai's reforms would lead to growth after a period of initial contraction, with government spending rising steadily on development programmes in the latter half of his tenure. After the dismissal of the Khaopa government by president Thanin Kittipromwong Khumpai remained loyal to Khaopa and the CPP, returning to the Finance Ministry in 2006 when Khaopa returned to the presidency.<br />
<br />
In his second stint as finance minister Khumpai would take a more interventionist approach approving of several mega-projects and fuelling a construction industry boom. However anti-poverty measures would largely be ignored and under his tenure both the debt and deficit increased. Following the controversial 2010 elections Khaopa would appoint Khumpai prime minister with the task of overseeing national reconciliation and economic development. Khumpai would be seen as a largely low key and technocratic prime minister resigning from the role after the CPP lost the 2014 elections. Following his resignation Khumpai would serve on the board of the KICB, the largest bank in Kaona. <br />
<br />
In the runup to the [[2021-22 Kaonese general election]] the CPP nominated Khumpai for the presidency. Running on a centre right platform Khumpai would win the second round at 52.3% of the vote against the People's Democrat Party (PDP) candidate [[Kowit Thammarojphinij]]. He would form a {{wp|grand coalition}} of the CPP and PDP appointing PDP chairman [[Xaisomboun Thonemany]] as prime minister. <br />
<br />
Over his career Khumpai has been accused of corruption. Since 2020 he has been implicated in the Udomdejchak scandal over favourable construction contracts given to CPP-aligned firms. As president Khumpai has presidential immunity. <br />
[[Category:Kaona]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=President_of_Kaona&diff=752521President of Kaona2024-01-14T03:36:05Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region icon Levilion}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
|post = President<br />
|body = Republic of Kaona<br />
|native_name = ประธานาธิบดี แห่ง สาธารณรัฐ ข้าวนาำ<br><small>Praṭhānāṭhibdī h̄æ̀ng s̄āṭhārṇrạṭ̄h Kâaona</small><br />
|insignia =Coat of Arms of Kaona.png<br />
|insigniasize = 130px<br />
|insigniacaption = <br />
|image = Thongloun Sisoulith (19-05-2016).jpg<br />
|imagesize = 150px<br />
|incumbent = [[Kongsampong Khumpai]]<br />
|incumbentsince = 14<sup>th</sup> February 2022<br />
|department = <br />
|style = {{wp|Excellency|His/Her Excellency}}<br />
|member_of = [[Council of Ministers (Kaona)|Council of Ministers]]<br>National Security Council<br />
|reports_to = <br />
|residence = Presidential Palace<br />
|seat = <br />
|nominator =<br />
|appointer = {{wp|Direct election}}<br />
|appointer_qualified =<br />
|termlength = Four years; renewable once<br />
|constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Kaona]]<br />
|formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1945|06|14}} <small>(inaugural)</small><br>{{start date and years ago|df=yes|1978|02|14}} <small>(current constitution)</small><br />
|inaugural = [[Somjit Wonjongkam]] <small>(inaugural)</small><br>[[Yuttapong Rakkiatgym]] <small>(current constitution)</small><br />
|deputy = [[Prime Minister of Kaona|Prime Minister]]<br />
|salary = NGN 200,000,000 <small>($219,058.05)</small><br />
|website =<br />
}}<br />
The '''President of the Republic of Kaona''' (''{{wp|Thai language|Kaonese}}'': '''ประธานาธิบดี แห่ง สาธารณรัฐ ข้าวนาำ''', ''Praṭhānāṭhibdī h̄æ̀ng s̄āṭhārṇrạṭ̄h Kâaona''; ''{{wp|Lao language|Bassac}}'': '''ປະທານາທິບໍດີ ແຫ່ງ ສາທາລະນະລັດ ຂອງ ເຂົ້າສະໜາມ''', ''Pathanathibodi aehng sathalanalad khong Khaosanam'') is the {{wp|head of state}} and highest {{Wp|chief executive|executive position}} of the [[Kaona|Republic of Kaona]]. The President also serves as {{Wp|commander-in-chief}} of the [[Armed Forces of Kaona]]. It is the highest office of state in Kaona. <br />
<br />
The President has been the head of state since the 1948 coup that deposed the Ratchakao monarchy. Under the 1954 constitution the presidency was elected through an {{Wp|electoral collage}} rather then the current system of {{wp|direct election}} for a term of six years. The presidency was replaced as head of state by the Chairman of the National Council for the Defence of Democracy (NCDD), a {{Wp|military dictatorship|military dictator}} from 1970 to 1982 when the current constitution was passed which reintroduced democratic rule as well as electing the president directly for the first time. <br />
<br />
The presidency is restricted to serving two consecutive four year terms with elections performed via a {{Wp|two round system}}. Officially the president has the power to veto certain legislation, appoint the government and approve of ministers, ratifies treaties, nominates members of the Supreme and Constitutional Courts with parliamentary approval, declare war and grant pardons. The president can also dismiss the prime minister and cabinet although has to do so with parliamentary approval. The president is often considered to have control over all foreign and defence policy compared to the prime minister and cabinet which handle domestic policy. In the event of a vacancy of the president the [[Prime Minister of Kaona|prime minister]] serves the reminder of their presidential term. <br />
<br />
The current president is [[Kongsampong Khumpai]] who is a member of the [[Chart Pattana Party]]. Khumpai was elected in the [[2021-22 Kaonese presidential election|2021-22 presidential election]] taking office on the 14<sup>th</sup> February 2022. <br />
==History==<br />
==Selection process==<br />
===Eligibility===<br />
===Election===<br />
===Inauguration===<br />
===Vacancy or disability===<br />
==Powers and duties==<br />
==Amenities==<br />
==Post-presidency==<br />
==List==<br />
{{legend2|#C3B091|[[Armed Forces of Kaona]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#007500|[[People's Democrat Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Chart Pattana Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#FFD700|[[Aspiration Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! {{Abbr|No.|Number}}<br />
! width=5%| Portrait<br />
! width=5%| Name<br />
! Took office<br />
! Left office<br />
! Days<br />
! Election<br />
! Prime Minister(s)<br />
! Political Party<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=10 | Chairman of the Committee of National Reconstruction<br />
|-<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#C3B091; color:white;" rowspan="2"|1<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Sarit Thanarat in 1950s.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|Field marshal (Thailand)|Chom Phon}}</small><br/>[[Somjit Wonjongkam|Somjit Wonjongkam<br><small>สมจิตร วันจงคำ</small>]]<br/><small>(1905-1967)<br />
|10<sup>th</sup> August 1948<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> May 1950<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1948|08|10|1950|05|24}}<br />
| ''N/A''<br />
| ''N/A''<br />
| style="background:#C3B091; color:white;"|[[Armed Forces of Kaona|{{color|white|Military}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Having served with distinction during the Hmukeaathale War Wonjongkam came to power in a coup d'état overthrowing the Ratchakao monarchy and creating a provisional military government, the Committee of National Reconstruction. A permanent constitution was signed in 1950 which saw Wonjongkam resign as head of state.</small><br />
|-<br />
! colspan=10 | President of the Republic<br />
|-<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|2<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:ElpidioQuirino.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Kanaphan Panjamawat|Kanaphan Panjamawat<br><small>คณพันธ์ ปัญจมะวัต</small>]]<br/><small>(1892-1959)<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> May 1950<br />
|24<sup>rd</sup> May 1956<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1950|05|24|1956|05|24}}<br />
| 1950<br />
| [[Somyot Prasarttong]]<Br>[[Sanoh Pakchotanon]]<br>[[Nongchai Titawasira]]<br>[[Baritharn Panyarachun]]<br>[[Somjit Wonjongkam]]<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>An ophthalmologist elected by the Kaonese parliament for a single six year term, Panjamawat was initially seen as a puppet of the popular prime minister and independence leader [[Somyot Prasarttong]]. However the two had become enemies by 1952 with Panjamawat dismissing Prasarttong causing a crisis. New elections saw Prasarttong killed during the campaign with his Republican party again being the largest in the country. Another crisis in 1954 saw Panjamawat offer the popular Wonjongkam to head a military cabinet. Wonjongkam would subsequently begin moulding a new constitution that weakened parliament, abolished the premiership and outlawed political parties. Wonjongkam would succeed Panjamawat as president when the latter's term expired in 1956.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(1)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Official portraits of Sarit Thanarat.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Somjit Wonjongkam|Somjit Wonjongkam<br><small>สมจิตร วันจงคำ</small>]]<br/><small>(1905-1967)<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> May 1956<br />
|3<sup>rd</sup> August 1967<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1956|05|24|1967|08|03}}<br />
| 1956<br>1962<br />
| ''Post abolished''<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Returning to power to a six year term in 1956, Wonjongkam sought to put the instability of the early republic to rest by ruling in an authoritarian manner. During Wonjongkam's presidency the country underwent economic development via a model of {{wp|import substitution industrialisation}} as well as implementing a variety of progressive social reforms. However Wonjongkam was widely regarded as a dictator. In the latter half of his rule Wonjongkam moved from a militaristic to a more technocratic approach promoting civilian bureaucrats to high ranking positions relying on the political left to support his regime increasingly pursuing more socialist policies. He died in office in 1967.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|3<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Noppadorn Kamamana.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Noppadorn Kamamana|Noppadorn Kamamana<br><small>นพดล กามะมานะ</small>]]<br/><small>(1910-1981)<br />
|3<sup>rd</sup> August 1967<br />
|22<sup>nd</sup> March 1972<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1967|08|03|1972|03|22}}<br />
| 1968<br />
| ''Post abolished''<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>A minister under Wonjongkam Kamamana's presidency saw the deepening of the alliance between the bureaucracy and the socialist left. However increasing violence from ethnic minority groups alongside continuing traditionalist opposition to the republican regime led to the state to enter a crisis during Kamamana's rule and in 1970 he was deposed in a coup d'état.</small><br />
|-<br />
! colspan=10 | Chairman of the National Council for the Defence of Democracy <br />
|-<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#C3B091; color:white;" rowspan="2"|4<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Kriangsak Chomanan 1976 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|General (officer)|Phon ek}}</small><br/>[[Kanok Pukkavesh|Kanok Pukkavesh<br><small>กนก พุกกะเวส</small>]]<br/><small>(1912-1976)<br />
|22<sup>nd</sup> March 1972<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> June 1977<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1972|03|22|1977|06|16}}<br />
| N/A<br />
| ''Post abolished''<br />
| style="background:#C3B091; color:white;"|[[Armed Forces of Kaona|{{color|white|Military}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Coming to power as head of the National Council for the Defence of Democracy (NCDD) Pukkavesh led an aggressive strategy of counter-insurgency against militant groups whilst supporting an expansionist foreign policy abroad. His government was seen as incredibly repressive and worsened social conflict in the country. In 1976 he was gunned down by an unknown assailant.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#C3B091; color:white;" rowspan="2"|5<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Thanin Kraivichien 1976.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|Lieutenant general|Phon tho}}</small><br/>[[Sukampol Kulapongvanich|Sukampol Kulapongvanich<br><small>สุกำพล กุลพงษ์วณิชย์</small>]]<br/><small>(1926-2012)<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> June 1977<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> April 1978<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1977|06|16|1978|04|04}}<br />
| N/A<br />
| ''Post abolished''<br />
| style="background:#C3B091; color:white;"|[[Armed Forces of Kaona|{{color|white|Military}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Succeeding Pukkavesh Kulapongvanich was considered to be a hardliner within the regime advocating the imposition of a permanent dictatorship. Considered to be overseeing the most repressive phase of the dictatorship Kulapongvanich was ousted by more moderate colleagues in the 4-4 coup after being accused of royalism.</small><br />
<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#C3B091; color:white;" rowspan="2"|6<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Aditya Kongkran.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|General (officer)|Phon ek}}</small><br/>[[Yuttapong Rakkiatgym|Yuttapong Rakkiatgym<br><small>ยุทธพงษ์ รักเกียรติยิม</small>]]<br/><small>(1919-2020)<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> April 1978<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1982<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1978|04|04|1982|02|14}}<br />
| N/A<br />
| ''Post abolished''<br />
| style="background:#C3B091; color:white;"|[[Armed Forces of Kaona|{{color|white|Military}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>A moderate member of the ruling junta, Rakkiatgym focused on continuing the aggressive counter-insurgency strategy whilst also engaging in peace talks with more moderate opposition groups. The late 1970's Phuko Accords saw Rakkiatgym implement a series of ceasefires and demobilisation of rebel groups and in 1981 passed a new constitution that paved the way for multi-party elections.</small><br />
|-<br />
! colspan=10 | President of the Republic<br />
|-<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(6)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Prem Tinsulanoda cropped.JPG|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Yuttapong Rakkiatgym|Yuttapong Rakkiatgym<br><small>ยุทธพงษ์ รักเกียรติยิม</small>]]<br/><small>(1919-2020)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1982<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1990<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1982|02|14|1990|02|14}}<br />
| [[1981 Kaonese general election|1981]]<br>[[1985-86 Kaonese general election|1985-86]]<br />
| [[Yongyuth Chatikavanij]]<br>[[Thaklaew Atchariyaboonyong]]<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Rakkiatgym was elected to the presidency in 1982 and was re-elected in 1986. Under his presidency Rakkiatgym largely focused on continued demobilisation of rebel groups as well as continuing the developmentalist policies that were implemented by the Wonjongkam cabinet. Despite high economic growth the bureaucratic, developmentalist state began to show signs of weakness by the end of Rakkiatgym's term with Rakkiatgym leaving office with high unemployment and debt.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|7<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Kaonese president.jpeg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Tawatwong Sonakul|Tawatwong Sonakul<br><small>ธวัชวงศ์ โสณกุล</small>]]<br/><small>(1916-2000)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1990<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1994<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1990|02|14|1994|02|14}}<br />
| [[1989-90 Kaonese general election|1989-90]]<br />
| [[Khamphaeng Xayadeth]]<br>[[Chakthip Khaopa]]<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>A former member of the leftist opposition Sonakul focused on social reform and democratisation in his term. His centre-left policies got cautious support from the military particularly as Sonakul's government dealt with traditionalist opposition in a hardline manner. The economy however went into recession during his term and he failed to secure re-election in 1994.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;" rowspan="2"|8<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Thaksin Surakiart 20050915 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Chakthip Khaopa|Chakthip Khaopa<br><small>จักรทิพย์ ข้าวปุ้น</small>]]<br/><small>(1948-)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1994<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2002<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1994|02|14|2002|02|14}}<br />
| [[1993-94 Kaonese general election|1993-94]]<br>[[1997 Kaonese general election|1997]]<br />
| [[Thaklaew Atchariyaboonyong]]<br>[[Khamphaeng Xayadeth]]<br>[[Thanin Kittipromwong]]<br />
| style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;"|[[Chart Pattana Party|{{color|white|CPP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>A former military bureaucrat Khaopa was elected on a broad coalition of both rural traditionalists and the military. Under Khaopa's term economic liberalisation was implemented which resulted in high economic growth. This growth led to the Khaopa government to become popular despite accusations of corruption and stoking ethnic violence due to xenophobic rhetoric from Khaopa. He was re-elected in 1998 and in 2002 his handpicked successor [[Thanin Kittipromwong]] became president.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#00BFFF;" height=40|<br />
|rowspan="4"|[[File:Vejjajiva - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos 2009.jpg|80px]]<br />
| rowspan="4"|[[Thanin Kittipromwong|Thanin Kittipromwong<br><small>ธานินทร์ กิตติพรหมวงศ์</small>]]<br/><small>(1960-)<br />
| rowspan="2"|14<sup>th</sup> February 2002<br />
| rowspan="2"|14<sup>th</sup> February 2006<br />
| rowspan="2"|{{Age in years, months and days|2002|02|14|2006|02|14}}<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[2001-02 Kaonese general election|2001-02]]<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[Chakthip Khaopa]]<br>[[Ousavanh Vongvichit]]<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FFD700; color:white;"|[[Chart Pattana Party|{{color|white|CPP}}]]<br>↓<br>[[Aspiration Party|{{color|white|AP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2"|9<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" colspan="6"|<small>Having been the protégé of his predecessor Kittipromwong was initially seen as Khaopa's puppet, a fact reinforced when Kittipromwong appointed Khaopa as prime minister in a system most commented was a {{wp|tandemocracy}}. However Kittipromwong had a split with Khaopa in the lead-up to the 2006 legislative elections forming the Aspiration Party. He was defeated by Khaopa in his bid for re-election in 2006 after being seen to lose military support.</small><br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FFD700; color:white;" height=40|<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(8)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Thaksin Surakiart 20050915 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Chakthip Khaopa|Chakthip Khaopa<br><small>จักรทิพย์ ข้าวปุ้น</small>]]<br/><small>(1948-)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2006<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2014<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|2006|02|14|2014|02|14}}<br />
| [[2005-06 Kaonese general election|2005-06]]<br>[[2009-10 Kaonese general election|2009-10]]<br />
| [[Prapat Kongkran]]<br>[[Kongsampong Khumpai]]<br />
| style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;"|[[Chart Pattana Party|{{color|white|CPP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Returning to power in 2006 Khaopa continued much of the same policies he had implemented in his previous term as president. He became increasingly criticised for corruption and authoritarianism particularly after the 2008 Thammacot riots. Khaopa only narrowly won the 2010 elections which many believed was {{wp|electoral fraud|rigged}} by the authorities to ensure his victory, leading to large-scale protests throughout 2010 and 2011. Khaopa's term nevertheless saw stable economic growth and amid low approval ratings he peacefully transferred power in 2014 after his handpicked candidate lost to the opposition.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|10<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:THAI PRIME MINISTER YINGLUCK SHINAWATRA in 2013 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Lursakdi Sonakul|Lursakdi Sonakul<br><small>เลอศักดิ์ โสณกุล</small>]]<br/><small>(1968-)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2014<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2022<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|2014|02|14|2022|02|14}}<br />
| [[2013-14 Kaonese general election|2013-14]]<br>[[2017-18 Kaonese general election|2017-18]]<br />
| [[Ananada Keacham]]<br>[[Xaisomboun Thonemany]]<br>[[Phoumi Kittikhoun]]<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Coming to power with the support of the military and secular elements, Sonakul's government emphasised the so-called Five Fundamentals (economic growth, low unemployment, economic modernisation, a strong welfare state and protection of Kaonese values). A drop in resource prices meant that the Kaonese economy saw a decline in her tenure. Protests in 2020 over government corruption have resulted in a further decline in Sonakul's popularity particularly amongst non-urban communities.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;" rowspan="2"|11<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Thongloun Sisoulith (19-05-2016).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Kongsampong Khumpai|Kongsampong Khumpai<br><small>คงสมพงษ์ คุ้มภัย</small>]]<br/><small>(1957-)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2022<br />
|Present<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|2022|02|14}}<br />
| [[2021-22 Kaonese general election|2021-2022]]<br />
| [[Xaisomboun Thonemany]]<br />
| style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;"|[[Chart Pattana Party|{{color|white|CPP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>.</small><br />
|}<br />
[[Category:Kaona]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=President_of_Kaona&diff=752288President of Kaona2024-01-13T18:42:22Z<p>Britbong64: /* List */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region icon Levilion}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
|post = President<br />
|body = Republic of Kaona<br />
|native_name = ประธานาธิบดี แห่ง สาธารณรัฐ ข้าวนาำ<br><small>Praṭhānāṭhibdī h̄æ̀ng s̄āṭhārṇrạṭ̄h Kâaona</small><br />
|insignia =Coat of Arms of Kaona.png<br />
|insigniasize = 130px<br />
|insigniacaption = <br />
|image = Lee Hsien Loong DoD2 (cropped).jpg<br />
|imagesize = 150px<br />
|incumbent = [[Kongsampong Khumpai]]<br />
|incumbentsince = 14<sup>th</sup> February 2022<br />
|department = <br />
|style = {{wp|Excellency|His/Her Excellency}}<br />
|member_of = [[Council of Ministers (Kaona)|Council of Ministers]]<br>National Security Council<br />
|reports_to = <br />
|residence = Presidential Palace<br />
|seat = <br />
|nominator =<br />
|appointer = {{wp|Direct election}}<br />
|appointer_qualified =<br />
|termlength = Four years; renewable once<br />
|constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Kaona]]<br />
|formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1945|06|14}} <small>(inaugural)</small><br>{{start date and years ago|df=yes|1978|02|14}} <small>(current constitution)</small><br />
|inaugural = [[Somjit Wonjongkam]] <small>(inaugural)</small><br>[[Yuttapong Rakkiatgym]] <small>(current constitution)</small><br />
|deputy = [[Prime Minister of Kaona|Prime Minister]]<br />
|salary = NGN 200,000,000 <small>($219,058.05)</small><br />
|website =<br />
}}<br />
The '''President of the Republic of Kaona''' (''{{wp|Thai language|Kaonese}}'': '''ประธานาธิบดี แห่ง สาธารณรัฐ ข้าวนาำ''', ''Praṭhānāṭhibdī h̄æ̀ng s̄āṭhārṇrạṭ̄h Kâaona''; ''{{wp|Lao language|Bassac}}'': '''ປະທານາທິບໍດີ ແຫ່ງ ສາທາລະນະລັດ ຂອງ ເຂົ້າສະໜາມ''', ''Pathanathibodi aehng sathalanalad khong Khaosanam'') is the {{wp|head of state}} and highest {{Wp|chief executive|executive position}} of the [[Kaona|Republic of Kaona]]. The President also serves as {{Wp|commander-in-chief}} of the [[Armed Forces of Kaona]]. It is the highest office of state in Kaona. <br />
<br />
The President has been the head of state since the 1948 coup that deposed the Ratchakao monarchy. Under the 1954 constitution the presidency was elected through an {{Wp|electoral collage}} rather then the current system of {{wp|direct election}} for a term of six years. The presidency was replaced as head of state by the Chairman of the National Council for the Defence of Democracy (NCDD), a {{Wp|military dictatorship|military dictator}} from 1970 to 1982 when the current constitution was passed which reintroduced democratic rule as well as electing the president directly for the first time. <br />
<br />
The presidency is restricted to serving two consecutive four year terms with elections performed via a {{Wp|two round system}}. Officially the president has the power to veto certain legislation, appoint the government and approve of ministers, ratifies treaties, nominates members of the Supreme and Constitutional Courts with parliamentary approval, declare war and grant pardons. The president can also dismiss the prime minister and cabinet although has to do so with parliamentary approval. The president is often considered to have control over all foreign and defence policy compared to the prime minister and cabinet which handle domestic policy. In the event of a vacancy of the president the [[Prime Minister of Kaona|prime minister]] serves the reminder of their presidential term. <br />
<br />
The current president is [[Kongsampong Khumpai]] who is a member of the [[Chart Pattana Party]]. Khumpai was elected in the [[2021-22 Kaonese presidential election|2021-22 presidential election]] taking office on the 14<sup>th</sup> February 2022. <br />
==History==<br />
==Selection process==<br />
===Eligibility===<br />
===Election===<br />
===Inauguration===<br />
===Vacancy or disability===<br />
==Powers and duties==<br />
==Amenities==<br />
==Post-presidency==<br />
==List==<br />
{{legend2|#C3B091|[[Armed Forces of Kaona]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#007500|[[People's Democrat Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Chart Pattana Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#FFD700|[[Aspiration Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! {{Abbr|No.|Number}}<br />
! width=5%| Portrait<br />
! width=5%| Name<br />
! Took office<br />
! Left office<br />
! Days<br />
! Election<br />
! Prime Minister(s)<br />
! Political Party<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=10 | Chairman of the Committee of National Reconstruction<br />
|-<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#C3B091; color:white;" rowspan="2"|1<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Sarit Thanarat in 1950s.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|Field marshal (Thailand)|Chom Phon}}</small><br/>[[Somjit Wonjongkam|Somjit Wonjongkam<br><small>สมจิตร วันจงคำ</small>]]<br/><small>(1905-1967)<br />
|10<sup>th</sup> August 1948<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> May 1950<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1948|08|10|1950|05|24}}<br />
| ''N/A''<br />
| ''N/A''<br />
| style="background:#C3B091; color:white;"|[[Armed Forces of Kaona|{{color|white|Military}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Having served with distinction during the Hmukeaathale War Wonjongkam came to power in a coup d'état overthrowing the Ratchakao monarchy and creating a provisional military government, the Committee of National Reconstruction. A permanent constitution was signed in 1950 which saw Wonjongkam resign as head of state.</small><br />
|-<br />
! colspan=10 | President of the Republic<br />
|-<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|2<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:ElpidioQuirino.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Kanaphan Panjamawat|Kanaphan Panjamawat<br><small>คณพันธ์ ปัญจมะวัต</small>]]<br/><small>(1892-1959)<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> May 1950<br />
|24<sup>rd</sup> May 1956<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1950|05|24|1956|05|24}}<br />
| 1950<br />
| [[Somyot Prasarttong]]<Br>[[Sanoh Pakchotanon]]<br>[[Nongchai Titawasira]]<br>[[Baritharn Panyarachun]]<br>[[Somjit Wonjongkam]]<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>An ophthalmologist elected by the Kaonese parliament for a single six year term, Panjamawat was initially seen as a puppet of the popular prime minister and independence leader [[Somyot Prasarttong]]. However the two had become enemies by 1952 with Panjamawat dismissing Prasarttong causing a crisis. New elections saw Prasarttong killed during the campaign with his Republican party again being the largest in the country. Another crisis in 1954 saw Panjamawat offer the popular Wonjongkam to head a military cabinet. Wonjongkam would subsequently begin moulding a new constitution that weakened parliament, abolished the premiership and outlawed political parties. Wonjongkam would succeed Panjamawat as president when the latter's term expired in 1956.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(1)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Official portraits of Sarit Thanarat.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Somjit Wonjongkam|Somjit Wonjongkam<br><small>สมจิตร วันจงคำ</small>]]<br/><small>(1905-1967)<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> May 1956<br />
|3<sup>rd</sup> August 1967<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1956|05|24|1967|08|03}}<br />
| 1956<br>1962<br />
| ''Post abolished''<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Returning to power to a six year term in 1956, Wonjongkam sought to put the instability of the early republic to rest by ruling in an authoritarian manner. During Wonjongkam's presidency the country underwent economic development via a model of {{wp|import substitution industrialisation}} as well as implementing a variety of progressive social reforms. However Wonjongkam was widely regarded as a dictator. In the latter half of his rule Wonjongkam moved from a militaristic to a more technocratic approach promoting civilian bureaucrats to high ranking positions relying on the political left to support his regime increasingly pursuing more socialist policies. He died in office in 1967.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|3<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Noppadorn Kamamana.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Noppadorn Kamamana|Noppadorn Kamamana<br><small>นพดล กามะมานะ</small>]]<br/><small>(1910-1981)<br />
|3<sup>rd</sup> August 1967<br />
|22<sup>nd</sup> March 1972<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1967|08|03|1972|03|22}}<br />
| 1968<br />
| ''Post abolished''<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>A minister under Wonjongkam Kamamana's presidency saw the deepening of the alliance between the bureaucracy and the socialist left. However increasing violence from ethnic minority groups alongside continuing traditionalist opposition to the republican regime led to the state to enter a crisis during Kamamana's rule and in 1970 he was deposed in a coup d'état.</small><br />
|-<br />
! colspan=10 | Chairman of the National Council for the Defence of Democracy <br />
|-<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#C3B091; color:white;" rowspan="2"|4<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Kriangsak Chomanan 1976 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|General (officer)|Phon ek}}</small><br/>[[Kanok Pukkavesh|Kanok Pukkavesh<br><small>กนก พุกกะเวส</small>]]<br/><small>(1912-1976)<br />
|22<sup>nd</sup> March 1972<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> June 1977<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1972|03|22|1977|06|16}}<br />
| N/A<br />
| ''Post abolished''<br />
| style="background:#C3B091; color:white;"|[[Armed Forces of Kaona|{{color|white|Military}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Coming to power as head of the National Council for the Defence of Democracy (NCDD) Pukkavesh led an aggressive strategy of counter-insurgency against militant groups whilst supporting an expansionist foreign policy abroad. His government was seen as incredibly repressive and worsened social conflict in the country. In 1976 he was gunned down by an unknown assailant.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#C3B091; color:white;" rowspan="2"|5<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Thanin Kraivichien 1976.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|Lieutenant general|Phon tho}}</small><br/>[[Sukampol Kulapongvanich|Sukampol Kulapongvanich<br><small>สุกำพล กุลพงษ์วณิชย์</small>]]<br/><small>(1926-2012)<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> June 1977<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> April 1978<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1977|06|16|1978|04|04}}<br />
| N/A<br />
| ''Post abolished''<br />
| style="background:#C3B091; color:white;"|[[Armed Forces of Kaona|{{color|white|Military}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Succeeding Pukkavesh Kulapongvanich was considered to be a hardliner within the regime advocating the imposition of a permanent dictatorship. Considered to be overseeing the most repressive phase of the dictatorship Kulapongvanich was ousted by more moderate colleagues in the 4-4 coup after being accused of royalism.</small><br />
<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#C3B091; color:white;" rowspan="2"|6<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Aditya Kongkran.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|General (officer)|Phon ek}}</small><br/>[[Yuttapong Rakkiatgym|Yuttapong Rakkiatgym<br><small>ยุทธพงษ์ รักเกียรติยิม</small>]]<br/><small>(1919-2020)<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> April 1978<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1982<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1978|04|04|1982|02|14}}<br />
| N/A<br />
| ''Post abolished''<br />
| style="background:#C3B091; color:white;"|[[Armed Forces of Kaona|{{color|white|Military}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>A moderate member of the ruling junta, Rakkiatgym focused on continuing the aggressive counter-insurgency strategy whilst also engaging in peace talks with more moderate opposition groups. The late 1970's Phuko Accords saw Rakkiatgym implement a series of ceasefires and demobilisation of rebel groups and in 1981 passed a new constitution that paved the way for multi-party elections.</small><br />
|-<br />
! colspan=10 | President of the Republic<br />
|-<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(6)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Prem Tinsulanoda cropped.JPG|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Yuttapong Rakkiatgym|Yuttapong Rakkiatgym<br><small>ยุทธพงษ์ รักเกียรติยิม</small>]]<br/><small>(1919-2020)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1982<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1990<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1982|02|14|1990|02|14}}<br />
| [[1981 Kaonese general election|1981]]<br>[[1985-86 Kaonese general election|1985-86]]<br />
| [[Yongyuth Chatikavanij]]<br>[[Thaklaew Atchariyaboonyong]]<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Rakkiatgym was elected to the presidency in 1982 and was re-elected in 1986. Under his presidency Rakkiatgym largely focused on continued demobilisation of rebel groups as well as continuing the developmentalist policies that were implemented by the Wonjongkam cabinet. Despite high economic growth the bureaucratic, developmentalist state began to show signs of weakness by the end of Rakkiatgym's term with Rakkiatgym leaving office with high unemployment and debt.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|7<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Kaonese president.jpeg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Tawatwong Sonakul|Tawatwong Sonakul<br><small>ธวัชวงศ์ โสณกุล</small>]]<br/><small>(1916-2000)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1990<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1994<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1990|02|14|1994|02|14}}<br />
| [[1989-90 Kaonese general election|1989-90]]<br />
| [[Khamphaeng Xayadeth]]<br>[[Chakthip Khaopa]]<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>A former member of the leftist opposition Sonakul focused on social reform and democratisation in his term. His centre-left policies got cautious support from the military particularly as Sonakul's government dealt with traditionalist opposition in a hardline manner. The economy however went into recession during his term and he failed to secure re-election in 1994.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;" rowspan="2"|8<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Thaksin Surakiart 20050915 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Chakthip Khaopa|Chakthip Khaopa<br><small>จักรทิพย์ ข้าวปุ้น</small>]]<br/><small>(1948-)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1994<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2002<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1994|02|14|2002|02|14}}<br />
| [[1993-94 Kaonese general election|1993-94]]<br>[[1997 Kaonese general election|1997]]<br />
| [[Thaklaew Atchariyaboonyong]]<br>[[Khamphaeng Xayadeth]]<br>[[Thanin Kittipromwong]]<br />
| style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;"|[[Chart Pattana Party|{{color|white|CPP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>A former military bureaucrat Khaopa was elected on a broad coalition of both rural traditionalists and the military. Under Khaopa's term economic liberalisation was implemented which resulted in high economic growth. This growth led to the Khaopa government to become popular despite accusations of corruption and stoking ethnic violence due to xenophobic rhetoric from Khaopa. He was re-elected in 1998 and in 2002 his handpicked successor [[Thanin Kittipromwong]] became president.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#00BFFF;" height=40|<br />
|rowspan="4"|[[File:Vejjajiva - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos 2009.jpg|80px]]<br />
| rowspan="4"|[[Thanin Kittipromwong|Thanin Kittipromwong<br><small>ธานินทร์ กิตติพรหมวงศ์</small>]]<br/><small>(1960-)<br />
| rowspan="2"|14<sup>th</sup> February 2002<br />
| rowspan="2"|14<sup>th</sup> February 2006<br />
| rowspan="2"|{{Age in years, months and days|2002|02|14|2006|02|14}}<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[2001-02 Kaonese general election|2001-02]]<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[Chakthip Khaopa]]<br>[[Ousavanh Vongvichit]]<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FFD700; color:white;"|[[Chart Pattana Party|{{color|white|CPP}}]]<br>↓<br>[[Aspiration Party|{{color|white|AP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2"|9<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" colspan="6"|<small>Having been the protégé of his predecessor Kittipromwong was initially seen as Khaopa's puppet, a fact reinforced when Kittipromwong appointed Khaopa as prime minister in a system most commented was a {{wp|tandemocracy}}. However Kittipromwong had a split with Khaopa in the lead-up to the 2006 legislative elections forming the Aspiration Party. He was defeated by Khaopa in his bid for re-election in 2006 after being seen to lose military support.</small><br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FFD700; color:white;" height=40|<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(8)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Thaksin Surakiart 20050915 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Chakthip Khaopa|Chakthip Khaopa<br><small>จักรทิพย์ ข้าวปุ้น</small>]]<br/><small>(1948-)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2006<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2014<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|2006|02|14|2014|02|14}}<br />
| [[2005-06 Kaonese general election|2005-06]]<br>[[2009-10 Kaonese general election|2009-10]]<br />
| [[Prapat Kongkran]]<br>[[Kongsampong Khumpai]]<br />
| style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;"|[[Chart Pattana Party|{{color|white|CPP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Returning to power in 2006 Khaopa continued much of the same policies he had implemented in his previous term as president. He became increasingly criticised for corruption and authoritarianism particularly after the 2008 Thammacot riots. Khaopa only narrowly won the 2010 elections which many believed was {{wp|electoral fraud|rigged}} by the authorities to ensure his victory, leading to large-scale protests throughout 2010 and 2011. Khaopa's term nevertheless saw stable economic growth and amid low approval ratings he peacefully transferred power in 2014 after his handpicked candidate lost to the opposition.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|10<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:THAI PRIME MINISTER YINGLUCK SHINAWATRA in 2013 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Lursakdi Sonakul|Lursakdi Sonakul<br><small>เลอศักดิ์ โสณกุล</small>]]<br/><small>(1968-)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2014<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2022<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|2014|02|14|2022|02|14}}<br />
| [[2013-14 Kaonese general election|2013-14]]<br>[[2017-18 Kaonese general election|2017-18]]<br />
| [[Ananada Keacham]]<br>[[Xaisomboun Thonemany]]<br>[[Phoumi Kittikhoun]]<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Coming to power with the support of the military and secular elements, Sonakul's government emphasised the so-called Five Fundamentals (economic growth, low unemployment, economic modernisation, a strong welfare state and protection of Kaonese values). A drop in resource prices meant that the Kaonese economy saw a decline in her tenure. Protests in 2020 over government corruption have resulted in a further decline in Sonakul's popularity particularly amongst non-urban communities.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;" rowspan="2"|11<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Lee Hsien Loong 2016 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Kongsampong Khumpai|Kongsampong Khumpai<br><small>คงสมพงษ์ คุ้มภัย</small>]]<br/><small>(1957-)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2022<br />
|Present<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|2022|02|14}}<br />
| [[2021-22 Kaonese general election|2021-2022]]<br />
| [[Xaisomboun Thonemany]]<br />
| style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;"|[[Chart Pattana Party|{{color|white|CPP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>.</small><br />
|}<br />
[[Category:Kaona]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=President_of_Kaona&diff=752283President of Kaona2024-01-13T18:33:12Z<p>Britbong64: /* List */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region icon Levilion}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
|post = President<br />
|body = Republic of Kaona<br />
|native_name = ประธานาธิบดี แห่ง สาธารณรัฐ ข้าวนาำ<br><small>Praṭhānāṭhibdī h̄æ̀ng s̄āṭhārṇrạṭ̄h Kâaona</small><br />
|insignia =Coat of Arms of Kaona.png<br />
|insigniasize = 130px<br />
|insigniacaption = <br />
|image = Lee Hsien Loong DoD2 (cropped).jpg<br />
|imagesize = 150px<br />
|incumbent = [[Kongsampong Khumpai]]<br />
|incumbentsince = 14<sup>th</sup> February 2022<br />
|department = <br />
|style = {{wp|Excellency|His/Her Excellency}}<br />
|member_of = [[Council of Ministers (Kaona)|Council of Ministers]]<br>National Security Council<br />
|reports_to = <br />
|residence = Presidential Palace<br />
|seat = <br />
|nominator =<br />
|appointer = {{wp|Direct election}}<br />
|appointer_qualified =<br />
|termlength = Four years; renewable once<br />
|constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Kaona]]<br />
|formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1945|06|14}} <small>(inaugural)</small><br>{{start date and years ago|df=yes|1978|02|14}} <small>(current constitution)</small><br />
|inaugural = [[Somjit Wonjongkam]] <small>(inaugural)</small><br>[[Yuttapong Rakkiatgym]] <small>(current constitution)</small><br />
|deputy = [[Prime Minister of Kaona|Prime Minister]]<br />
|salary = NGN 200,000,000 <small>($219,058.05)</small><br />
|website =<br />
}}<br />
The '''President of the Republic of Kaona''' (''{{wp|Thai language|Kaonese}}'': '''ประธานาธิบดี แห่ง สาธารณรัฐ ข้าวนาำ''', ''Praṭhānāṭhibdī h̄æ̀ng s̄āṭhārṇrạṭ̄h Kâaona''; ''{{wp|Lao language|Bassac}}'': '''ປະທານາທິບໍດີ ແຫ່ງ ສາທາລະນະລັດ ຂອງ ເຂົ້າສະໜາມ''', ''Pathanathibodi aehng sathalanalad khong Khaosanam'') is the {{wp|head of state}} and highest {{Wp|chief executive|executive position}} of the [[Kaona|Republic of Kaona]]. The President also serves as {{Wp|commander-in-chief}} of the [[Armed Forces of Kaona]]. It is the highest office of state in Kaona. <br />
<br />
The President has been the head of state since the 1948 coup that deposed the Ratchakao monarchy. Under the 1954 constitution the presidency was elected through an {{Wp|electoral collage}} rather then the current system of {{wp|direct election}} for a term of six years. The presidency was replaced as head of state by the Chairman of the National Council for the Defence of Democracy (NCDD), a {{Wp|military dictatorship|military dictator}} from 1970 to 1982 when the current constitution was passed which reintroduced democratic rule as well as electing the president directly for the first time. <br />
<br />
The presidency is restricted to serving two consecutive four year terms with elections performed via a {{Wp|two round system}}. Officially the president has the power to veto certain legislation, appoint the government and approve of ministers, ratifies treaties, nominates members of the Supreme and Constitutional Courts with parliamentary approval, declare war and grant pardons. The president can also dismiss the prime minister and cabinet although has to do so with parliamentary approval. The president is often considered to have control over all foreign and defence policy compared to the prime minister and cabinet which handle domestic policy. In the event of a vacancy of the president the [[Prime Minister of Kaona|prime minister]] serves the reminder of their presidential term. <br />
<br />
The current president is [[Kongsampong Khumpai]] who is a member of the [[Chart Pattana Party]]. Khumpai was elected in the [[2021-22 Kaonese presidential election|2021-22 presidential election]] taking office on the 14<sup>th</sup> February 2022. <br />
==History==<br />
==Selection process==<br />
===Eligibility===<br />
===Election===<br />
===Inauguration===<br />
===Vacancy or disability===<br />
==Powers and duties==<br />
==Amenities==<br />
==Post-presidency==<br />
==List==<br />
{{legend2|#C3B091|[[Armed Forces of Kaona]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#007500|[[People's Democrat Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Chart Pattana Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#FFD700|[[Aspiration Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! {{Abbr|No.|Number}}<br />
! width=5%| Portrait<br />
! width=5%| Name<br />
! Took office<br />
! Left office<br />
! Days<br />
! Election<br />
! Prime Minister(s)<br />
! Political Party<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=10 | Chairman of the Committee of National Reconstruction<br />
|-<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#C3B091; color:white;" rowspan="2"|1<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Sarit Thanarat in 1950s.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|Field marshal (Thailand)|Chom Phon}}</small><br/>[[Somjit Wonjongkam|Somjit Wonjongkam<br><small>สมจิตร วันจงคำ</small>]]<br/><small>(1905-1967)<br />
|10<sup>th</sup> August 1948<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> May 1950<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1948|08|10|1950|05|24}}<br />
| ''N/A''<br />
| ''N/A''<br />
| style="background:#C3B091; color:white;"|[[Armed Forces of Kaona|{{color|white|Military}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Having served with distinction during the Hmukeaathale War Wonjongkam came to power in a coup d'état overthrowing the Ratchakao monarchy and creating a provisional military government, the Committee of National Reconstruction. A permanent constitution was signed in 1950 which saw Wonjongkam resign as head of state.</small><br />
|-<br />
! colspan=10 | President of the Republic<br />
|-<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|2<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:ElpidioQuirino.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Kanaphan Panjamawat|Kanaphan Panjamawat<br><small>คณพันธ์ ปัญจมะวัต</small>]]<br/><small>(1892-1959)<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> May 1950<br />
|24<sup>rd</sup> May 1956<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1950|05|24|1956|05|24}}<br />
| 1950<br />
| [[Somyot Prasarttong]]<Br>[[Sanoh Pakchotanon]]<br>[[Nongchai Titawasira]]<br>[[Baritharn Panyarachun]]<br>[[Somjit Wonjongkam]]<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>An ophthalmologist elected by the Kaonese parliament for a single six year term, Panjamawat was initially seen as a puppet of the popular prime minister and independence leader [[Somyot Prasarttong]]. However the two had become enemies by 1952 with Panjamawat dismissing Prasarttong causing a crisis. New elections saw Prasarttong killed during the campaign with his Republican party again being the largest in the country. Another crisis in 1954 saw Panjamawat offer the popular Wonjongkam to head a military cabinet. Wonjongkam would subsequently begin moulding a new constitution that weakened parliament, abolished the premiership and outlawed political parties. Wonjongkam would succeed Panjamawat as president when the latter's term expired in 1956.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(1)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Official portraits of Sarit Thanarat.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Somjit Wonjongkam|Somjit Wonjongkam<br><small>สมจิตร วันจงคำ</small>]]<br/><small>(1905-1967)<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> May 1956<br />
|3<sup>rd</sup> August 1967<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1956|05|24|1967|08|03}}<br />
| 1956<br>1962<br />
| ''Post abolished''<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Returning to power to a six year term in 1956, Wonjongkam sought to put the instability of the early republic to rest by ruling in an authoritarian manner. During Wonjongkam's presidency the country underwent economic development via a model of {{wp|import substitution industrialisation}} as well as implementing a variety of progressive social reforms. However Wonjongkam was widely regarded as a dictator. In the latter half of his rule Wonjongkam moved from a militaristic to a more technocratic approach promoting civilian bureaucrats to high ranking positions relying on the political left to support his regime increasingly pursuing more socialist policies. He died in office in 1967.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|3<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Noppadorn Kamamana.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Noppadorn Kamamana|Noppadorn Kamamana<br><small>นพดล กามะมานะ</small>]]<br/><small>(1910-1981)<br />
|3<sup>rd</sup> August 1967<br />
|22<sup>nd</sup> March 1972<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1967|08|03|1972|03|22}}<br />
| 1968<br />
| ''Post abolished''<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>A minister under Wonjongkam Kamamana's presidency saw the deepening of the alliance between the bureaucracy and the socialist left. However increasing violence from ethnic minority groups alongside continuing traditionalist opposition to the republican regime led to the state to enter a crisis during Kamamana's rule and in 1970 he was deposed in a coup d'état.</small><br />
|-<br />
! colspan=10 | Chairman of the National Council for the Defence of Democracy <br />
|-<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#C3B091; color:white;" rowspan="2"|4<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Kriangsak Chomanan 1976 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|General (officer)|Phon ek}}</small><br/>[[Kanok Pukkavesh|Kanok Pukkavesh<br><small>กนก พุกกะเวส</small>]]<br/><small>(1912-1976)<br />
|22<sup>nd</sup> March 1972<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> June 1977<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1972|03|22|1977|06|16}}<br />
| N/A<br />
| ''Post abolished''<br />
| style="background:#C3B091; color:white;"|[[Armed Forces of Kaona|{{color|white|Military}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Coming to power as head of the National Council for the Defence of Democracy (NCDD) Pukkavesh led an aggressive strategy of counter-insurgency against militant groups whilst supporting an expansionist foreign policy abroad. His government was seen as incredibly repressive and worsened social conflict in the country. In 1976 he was gunned down by an unknown assailant.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#C3B091; color:white;" rowspan="2"|5<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Thanin Kraivichien 1976.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|Lieutenant general|Phon tho}}</small><br/>[[Sukampol Kulapongvanich|Sukampol Kulapongvanich<br><small>สุกำพล กุลพงษ์วณิชย์</small>]]<br/><small>(1926-2012)<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> June 1977<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> April 1978<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1977|06|16|1978|04|04}}<br />
| N/A<br />
| ''Post abolished''<br />
| style="background:#C3B091; color:white;"|[[Armed Forces of Kaona|{{color|white|Military}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Succeeding Pukkavesh Kulapongvanich was considered to be a hardliner within the regime advocating the imposition of a permanent dictatorship. Considered to be overseeing the most repressive phase of the dictatorship Kulapongvanich was ousted by more moderate colleagues in the 4-4 coup after being accused of royalism.</small><br />
<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#C3B091; color:white;" rowspan="2"|6<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Aditya Kongkran.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|General (officer)|Phon ek}}</small><br/>[[Yuttapong Rakkiatgym|Yuttapong Rakkiatgym<br><small>ยุทธพงษ์ รักเกียรติยิม</small>]]<br/><small>(1919-2020)<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> April 1978<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1982<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1978|04|04|1982|02|14}}<br />
| N/A<br />
| ''Post abolished''<br />
| style="background:#C3B091; color:white;"|[[Armed Forces of Kaona|{{color|white|Military}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>A moderate member of the ruling junta, Rakkiatgym focused on continuing the aggressive counter-insurgency strategy whilst also engaging in peace talks with more moderate opposition groups. The late 1970's Phuko Accords saw Rakkiatgym implement a series of ceasefires and demobilisation of rebel groups and in 1981 passed a new constitution that paved the way for multi-party elections.</small><br />
|-<br />
! colspan=10 | President of the Republic<br />
|-<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(6)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Prem Tinsulanoda cropped.JPG|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Yuttapong Rakkiatgym|Yuttapong Rakkiatgym<br><small>ยุทธพงษ์ รักเกียรติยิม</small>]]<br/><small>(1919-2020)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1982<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1990<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1982|02|14|1990|02|14}}<br />
| [[1981 Kaonese general election|1981]]<br>[[1985 Kaonese general election|1985]]<br />
| [[Yongyuth Chatikavanij]]<br>[[Thaklaew Atchariyaboonyong]]<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Rakkiatgym was elected to the presidency in 1982 and was re-elected in 1986. Under his presidency Rakkiatgym largely focused on continued demobilisation of rebel groups as well as continuing the developmentalist policies that were implemented by the Wonjongkam cabinet. Despite high economic growth the bureaucratic, developmentalist state began to show signs of weakness by the end of Rakkiatgym's term with Rakkiatgym leaving office with high unemployment and debt.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|7<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Kaonese president.jpeg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Tawatwong Sonakul|Tawatwong Sonakul<br><small>ธวัชวงศ์ โสณกุล</small>]]<br/><small>(1916-2000)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1990<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1994<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1990|02|14|1994|02|14}}<br />
| [[1989-90 Kaonese general election|1989-90]]<br />
| [[Khamphaeng Xayadeth]]<br>[[Chakthip Khaopa]]<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>A former member of the leftist opposition Sonakul focused on social reform and democratisation in his term. His centre-left policies got cautious support from the military particularly as Sonakul's government dealt with traditionalist opposition in a hardline manner. The economy however went into recession during his term and he failed to secure re-election in 1994.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;" rowspan="2"|8<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Thaksin DOD 20050915 (crop).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Chakthip Khaopa|Chakthip Khaopa<br><small>จักรทิพย์ ข้าวปุ้น</small>]]<br/><small>(1948-)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1994<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2002<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1994|02|14|2002|02|14}}<br />
| [[1993-94 Kaonese general election|1993-94]]<br>[[1997 Kaonese general election|1997]]<br />
| [[Thaklaew Atchariyaboonyong]]<br>[[Khamphaeng Xayadeth]]<br>[[Thanin Kittipromwong]]<br />
| style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;"|[[Chart Pattana Party|{{color|white|CPP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>A former military bureaucrat Khaopa was elected on a broad coalition of both rural traditionalists and the military. Under Khaopa's term economic liberalisation was implemented which resulted in high economic growth. This growth led to the Khaopa government to become popular despite accusations of corruption and stoking ethnic violence due to xenophobic rhetoric from Khaopa. He was re-elected in 1998 and in 2002 his handpicked successor [[Thanin Kittipromwong]] became president.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#00BFFF;" height=40|<br />
|rowspan="4"|[[File:Bounnhang Vorachith 2016 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
| rowspan="4"|[[Thanin Kittipromwong|Thanin Kittipromwong<br><small>ธานินทร์ กิตติพรหมวงศ์</small>]]<br/><small>(1960-)<br />
| rowspan="2"|14<sup>th</sup> February 2002<br />
| rowspan="2"|14<sup>th</sup> February 2006<br />
| rowspan="2"|{{Age in years, months and days|2002|02|14|2006|02|14}}<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[2001-02 Kaonese general election|2001-02]]<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[Chakthip Khaopa]]<br>[[Ousavanh Vongvichit]]<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FFD700; color:white;"|[[Chart Pattana Party|{{color|white|CPP}}]]<br>↓<br>[[Aspiration Party|{{color|white|AP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2"|9<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" colspan="6"|<small>Having been the protégé of his predecessor Kittipromwong was initially seen as Khaopa's puppet, a fact reinforced when Kittipromwong appointed Khaopa as prime minister in a system most commented was a {{wp|tandemocracy}}. However Kittipromwong had a split with Khaopa in the lead-up to the 2006 legislative elections forming the Aspiration Party. He was defeated by Khaopa in his bid for re-election in 2006 after being seen to lose military support.</small><br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FFD700; color:white;" height=40|<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(8)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Thaksin DOD 20050915 (crop).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Chakthip Khaopa|Chakthip Khaopa<br><small>จักรทิพย์ ข้าวปุ้น</small>]]<br/><small>(1948-)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2006<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2014<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|2006|02|14|2014|02|14}}<br />
| [[2005 Kaonese general election|2005]]<br>[[2009-10 Kaonese general election|2009-10]]<br />
| [[Prapat Kongkran]]<br>[[Kongsampong Khumpai]]<br />
| style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;"|[[Chart Pattana Party|{{color|white|CPP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Returning to power in 2006 Khaopa continued much of the same policies he had implemented in his previous term as president. He became increasingly criticised for corruption and authoritarianism particularly after the 2008 Thammacot riots. Khaopa only narrowly won the 2010 elections which many believed was {{wp|electoral fraud|rigged}} by the authorities to ensure his victory, leading to large-scale protests throughout 2010 and 2011. Khaopa's term nevertheless saw stable economic growth and amid low approval ratings he peacefully transferred power in 2014 after his handpicked candidate lost to the opposition.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|10<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:THAI PRIME MINISTER YINGLUCK SHINAWATRA in 2013 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Lursakdi Sonakul|Lursakdi Sonakul<br><small>เลอศักดิ์ โสณกุล</small>]]<br/><small>(1968-)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2014<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2022<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|2014|02|14|2022|02|14}}<br />
| [[2013-14 Kaonese general election|2013-14]]<br>[[2017-18 Kaonese general election|2017-18]]<br />
| [[Ananada Keacham]]<br>[[Xaisomboun Thonemany]]<br>[[Phoumi Kittikhoun]]<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Coming to power with the support of the military and secular elements, Sonakul's government emphasised the so-called Five Fundamentals (economic growth, low unemployment, economic modernisation, a strong welfare state and protection of Kaonese values). A drop in resource prices meant that the Kaonese economy saw a decline in her tenure. Protests in 2020 over government corruption have resulted in a further decline in Sonakul's popularity particularly amongst non-urban communities.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;" rowspan="2"|11<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Lee Hsien Loong 2016 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Kongsampong Khumpai|Kongsampong Khumpai<br><small>คงสมพงษ์ คุ้มภัย</small>]]<br/><small>(1957-)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2022<br />
|Present<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|2022|02|14}}<br />
| [[2021-22 Kaonese general election|2021-2022]]<br />
| [[Xaisomboun Thonemany]]<br />
| style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;"|[[Chart Pattana Party|{{color|white|CPP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>.</small><br />
|}<br />
[[Category:Kaona]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=President_of_Kaona&diff=752273President of Kaona2024-01-13T18:19:24Z<p>Britbong64: /* List */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region icon Levilion}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
|post = President<br />
|body = Republic of Kaona<br />
|native_name = ประธานาธิบดี แห่ง สาธารณรัฐ ข้าวนาำ<br><small>Praṭhānāṭhibdī h̄æ̀ng s̄āṭhārṇrạṭ̄h Kâaona</small><br />
|insignia =Coat of Arms of Kaona.png<br />
|insigniasize = 130px<br />
|insigniacaption = <br />
|image = Lee Hsien Loong DoD2 (cropped).jpg<br />
|imagesize = 150px<br />
|incumbent = [[Kongsampong Khumpai]]<br />
|incumbentsince = 14<sup>th</sup> February 2022<br />
|department = <br />
|style = {{wp|Excellency|His/Her Excellency}}<br />
|member_of = [[Council of Ministers (Kaona)|Council of Ministers]]<br>National Security Council<br />
|reports_to = <br />
|residence = Presidential Palace<br />
|seat = <br />
|nominator =<br />
|appointer = {{wp|Direct election}}<br />
|appointer_qualified =<br />
|termlength = Four years; renewable once<br />
|constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Kaona]]<br />
|formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1945|06|14}} <small>(inaugural)</small><br>{{start date and years ago|df=yes|1978|02|14}} <small>(current constitution)</small><br />
|inaugural = [[Somjit Wonjongkam]] <small>(inaugural)</small><br>[[Yuttapong Rakkiatgym]] <small>(current constitution)</small><br />
|deputy = [[Prime Minister of Kaona|Prime Minister]]<br />
|salary = NGN 200,000,000 <small>($219,058.05)</small><br />
|website =<br />
}}<br />
The '''President of the Republic of Kaona''' (''{{wp|Thai language|Kaonese}}'': '''ประธานาธิบดี แห่ง สาธารณรัฐ ข้าวนาำ''', ''Praṭhānāṭhibdī h̄æ̀ng s̄āṭhārṇrạṭ̄h Kâaona''; ''{{wp|Lao language|Bassac}}'': '''ປະທານາທິບໍດີ ແຫ່ງ ສາທາລະນະລັດ ຂອງ ເຂົ້າສະໜາມ''', ''Pathanathibodi aehng sathalanalad khong Khaosanam'') is the {{wp|head of state}} and highest {{Wp|chief executive|executive position}} of the [[Kaona|Republic of Kaona]]. The President also serves as {{Wp|commander-in-chief}} of the [[Armed Forces of Kaona]]. It is the highest office of state in Kaona. <br />
<br />
The President has been the head of state since the 1948 coup that deposed the Ratchakao monarchy. Under the 1954 constitution the presidency was elected through an {{Wp|electoral collage}} rather then the current system of {{wp|direct election}} for a term of six years. The presidency was replaced as head of state by the Chairman of the National Council for the Defence of Democracy (NCDD), a {{Wp|military dictatorship|military dictator}} from 1970 to 1982 when the current constitution was passed which reintroduced democratic rule as well as electing the president directly for the first time. <br />
<br />
The presidency is restricted to serving two consecutive four year terms with elections performed via a {{Wp|two round system}}. Officially the president has the power to veto certain legislation, appoint the government and approve of ministers, ratifies treaties, nominates members of the Supreme and Constitutional Courts with parliamentary approval, declare war and grant pardons. The president can also dismiss the prime minister and cabinet although has to do so with parliamentary approval. The president is often considered to have control over all foreign and defence policy compared to the prime minister and cabinet which handle domestic policy. In the event of a vacancy of the president the [[Prime Minister of Kaona|prime minister]] serves the reminder of their presidential term. <br />
<br />
The current president is [[Kongsampong Khumpai]] who is a member of the [[Chart Pattana Party]]. Khumpai was elected in the [[2021-22 Kaonese presidential election|2021-22 presidential election]] taking office on the 14<sup>th</sup> February 2022. <br />
==History==<br />
==Selection process==<br />
===Eligibility===<br />
===Election===<br />
===Inauguration===<br />
===Vacancy or disability===<br />
==Powers and duties==<br />
==Amenities==<br />
==Post-presidency==<br />
==List==<br />
{{legend2|#C3B091|[[Armed Forces of Kaona]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#007500|[[People's Democrat Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Chart Pattana Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#FFD700|[[Aspiration Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! {{Abbr|No.|Number}}<br />
! width=5%| Portrait<br />
! width=5%| Name<br />
! Took office<br />
! Left office<br />
! Days<br />
! Election<br />
! Prime Minister(s)<br />
! Political Party<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=10 | Chairman of the Committee of National Reconstruction<br />
|-<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#C3B091; color:white;" rowspan="2"|1<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Sarit Thanarat in 1950s.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|Field marshal (Thailand)|Chom Phon}}</small><br/>[[Somjit Wonjongkam|Somjit Wonjongkam<br><small>สมจิตร วันจงคำ</small>]]<br/><small>(1905-1967)<br />
|10<sup>th</sup> August 1948<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> May 1950<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1948|08|10|1950|05|24}}<br />
| ''N/A''<br />
| ''N/A''<br />
| style="background:#C3B091; color:white;"|[[Armed Forces of Kaona|{{color|white|Military}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Having served with distinction during the Hmukeaathale War Wonjongkam came to power in a coup d'état overthrowing the Ratchakao monarchy and creating a provisional military government, the Committee of National Reconstruction. A permanent constitution was signed in 1950 which saw Wonjongkam resign as head of state.</small><br />
|-<br />
! colspan=10 | President of the Republic<br />
|-<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|2<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:ElpidioQuirino.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Kanaphan Panjamawat|Kanaphan Panjamawat<br><small>คณพันธ์ ปัญจมะวัต</small>]]<br/><small>(1892-1959)<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> May 1950<br />
|24<sup>rd</sup> May 1956<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1950|05|24|1956|05|24}}<br />
| 1950<br />
| [[Somyot Prasarttong]]<Br>[[Sanoh Pakchotanon]]<br>[[Nongchai Titawasira]]<br>[[Baritharn Panyarachun]]<br>[[Somjit Wonjongkam]]<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>An ophthalmologist elected by the Kaonese parliament for a single six year term, Panjamawat was initially seen as a puppet of the popular prime minister and independence leader [[Somyot Prasarttong]]. However the two had become enemies by 1952 with Panjamawat dismissing Prasarttong causing a crisis. New elections saw Prasarttong killed during the campaign with his Republican party again being the largest in the country. Another crisis in 1954 saw Panjamawat offer the popular Wonjongkam to head a military cabinet. Wonjongkam would subsequently begin moulding a new constitution that weakened parliament, abolished the premiership and outlawed political parties. Wonjongkam would succeed Panjamawat as president when the latter's term expired in 1956.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(1)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Official portraits of Sarit Thanarat.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Somjit Wonjongkam|Somjit Wonjongkam<br><small>สมจิตร วันจงคำ</small>]]<br/><small>(1905-1967)<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> May 1956<br />
|3<sup>rd</sup> August 1967<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1956|05|24|1967|08|03}}<br />
| 1956<br>1962<br />
| ''Post abolished''<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Returning to power to a six year term in 1956, Wonjongkam sought to put the instability of the early republic to rest by ruling in an authoritarian manner. During Wonjongkam's presidency the country underwent economic development via a model of {{wp|import substitution industrialisation}} as well as implementing a variety of progressive social reforms. However Wonjongkam was widely regarded as a dictator. In the latter half of his rule Wonjongkam moved from a militaristic to a more technocratic approach promoting civilian bureaucrats to high ranking positions relying on the political left to support his regime increasingly pursuing more socialist policies. He died in office in 1967.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|3<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Noppadorn Kamamana.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Noppadorn Kamamana|Noppadorn Kamamana<br><small>นพดล กามะมานะ</small>]]<br/><small>(1910-1981)<br />
|3<sup>rd</sup> August 1967<br />
|22<sup>nd</sup> March 1972<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1967|08|03|1972|03|22}}<br />
| 1968<br />
| ''Post abolished''<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>A minister under Wonjongkam Kamamana's presidency saw the deepening of the alliance between the bureaucracy and the socialist left. However increasing violence from ethnic minority groups alongside continuing traditionalist opposition to the republican regime led to the state to enter a crisis during Kamamana's rule and in 1970 he was deposed in a coup d'état.</small><br />
|-<br />
! colspan=10 | Chairman of the National Council for the Defence of Democracy <br />
|-<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#C3B091; color:white;" rowspan="2"|4<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Kriangsak Chomanan 1976 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|General (officer)|Phon ek}}</small><br/>[[Kanok Pukkavesh|Kanok Pukkavesh<br><small>กนก พุกกะเวส</small>]]<br/><small>(1912-1976)<br />
|22<sup>nd</sup> March 1972<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> June 1977<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1972|03|22|1977|06|16}}<br />
| N/A<br />
| ''Post abolished''<br />
| style="background:#C3B091; color:white;"|[[Armed Forces of Kaona|{{color|white|Military}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Coming to power as head of the National Council for the Defence of Democracy (NCDD) Pukkavesh led an aggressive strategy of counter-insurgency against militant groups whilst supporting an expansionist foreign policy abroad. His government was seen as incredibly repressive and worsened social conflict in the country. In 1976 he was gunned down by an unknown assailant.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#C3B091; color:white;" rowspan="2"|5<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Thanin Kraivichien 1976.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|Lieutenant general|Phon tho}}</small><br/>[[Sukampol Kulapongvanich|Sukampol Kulapongvanich<br><small>สุกำพล กุลพงษ์วณิชย์</small>]]<br/><small>(1926-2012)<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> June 1977<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> April 1978<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1977|06|16|1978|04|04}}<br />
| N/A<br />
| ''Post abolished''<br />
| style="background:#C3B091; color:white;"|[[Armed Forces of Kaona|{{color|white|Military}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Succeeding Pukkavesh Kulapongvanich was considered to be a hardliner within the regime advocating the imposition of a permanent dictatorship. Considered to be overseeing the most repressive phase of the dictatorship Kulapongvanich was ousted by more moderate colleagues in the 4-4 coup after being accused of royalism.</small><br />
<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#C3B091; color:white;" rowspan="2"|6<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Aditya Kongkran.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|General (officer)|Phon ek}}</small><br/>[[Yuttapong Rakkiatgym|Yuttapong Rakkiatgym<br><small>ยุทธพงษ์ รักเกียรติยิม</small>]]<br/><small>(1919-2020)<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> April 1978<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1982<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1978|04|04|1982|02|14}}<br />
| N/A<br />
| ''Post abolished''<br />
| style="background:#C3B091; color:white;"|[[Armed Forces of Kaona|{{color|white|Military}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>A moderate member of the ruling junta, Rakkiatgym focused on continuing the aggressive counter-insurgency strategy whilst also engaging in peace talks with more moderate opposition groups. The late 1970's Phuko Accords saw Rakkiatgym implement a series of ceasefires and demobilisation of rebel groups and in 1981 passed a new constitution that paved the way for multi-party elections.</small><br />
|-<br />
! colspan=10 | President of the Republic<br />
|-<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(6)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Prem Tinsulanoda cropped.JPG|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Yuttapong Rakkiatgym|Yuttapong Rakkiatgym<br><small>ยุทธพงษ์ รักเกียรติยิม</small>]]<br/><small>(1919-2020)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1982<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1990<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1982|02|14|1990|02|14}}<br />
| [[1981-82 Kaonese presidential election|1981-82]]<br>[[1985-86 Kaonese presidential election|1985-86]]<br />
| [[Yongyuth Chatikavanij]]<br>[[Thaklaew Atchariyaboonyong]]<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Rakkiatgym was elected to the presidency in 1982 and was re-elected in 1986. Under his presidency Rakkiatgym largely focused on continued demobilisation of rebel groups as well as continuing the developmentalist policies that were implemented by the Wonjongkam cabinet. Despite high economic growth the bureaucratic, developmentalist state began to show signs of weakness by the end of Rakkiatgym's term with Rakkiatgym leaving office with high unemployment and debt.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|7<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Kaonese president.jpeg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Tawatwong Sonakul|Tawatwong Sonakul<br><small>ธวัชวงศ์ โสณกุล</small>]]<br/><small>(1916-2000)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1990<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1994<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1990|02|14|1994|02|14}}<br />
| [[1989-90 Kaonese presidential election|1989-90]]<br />
| [[Khamphaeng Xayadeth]]<br>[[Chakthip Khaopa]]<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>A former member of the leftist opposition Sonakul focused on social reform and democratisation in his term. His centre-left policies got cautious support from the military particularly as Sonakul's government dealt with traditionalist opposition in a hardline manner. The economy however went into recession during his term and he failed to secure re-election in 1994.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;" rowspan="2"|8<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Thaksin DOD 20050915 (crop).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Chakthip Khaopa|Chakthip Khaopa<br><small>จักรทิพย์ ข้าวปุ้น</small>]]<br/><small>(1948-)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 1994<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2002<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1994|02|14|2002|02|14}}<br />
| [[1993-94 Kaonese presidential election|1993-94]]<br>[[1997-98 Kaonese presidential election|1997-98]]<br />
| [[Thaklaew Atchariyaboonyong]]<br>[[Khamphaeng Xayadeth]]<br>[[Thanin Kittipromwong]]<br />
| style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;"|[[Chart Pattana Party|{{color|white|CPP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>A former military bureaucrat Khaopa was elected on a broad coalition of both rural traditionalists and the military. Under Khaopa's term economic liberalisation was implemented which resulted in high economic growth. This growth led to the Khaopa government to become popular despite accusations of corruption and stoking ethnic violence due to xenophobic rhetoric from Khaopa. He was re-elected in 1998 and in 2002 his handpicked successor [[Thanin Kittipromwong]] became president.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#00BFFF;" height=40|<br />
|rowspan="4"|[[File:Bounnhang Vorachith 2016 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
| rowspan="4"|[[Thanin Kittipromwong|Thanin Kittipromwong<br><small>ธานินทร์ กิตติพรหมวงศ์</small>]]<br/><small>(1960-)<br />
| rowspan="2"|14<sup>th</sup> February 2002<br />
| rowspan="2"|14<sup>th</sup> February 2006<br />
| rowspan="2"|{{Age in years, months and days|2002|02|14|2006|02|14}}<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[2001-02 Kaonese presidential election|2001-02]]<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[Chakthip Khaopa]]<br>[[Ousavanh Vongvichit]]<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FFD700; color:white;"|[[Chart Pattana Party|{{color|white|CPP}}]]<br>↓<br>[[Aspiration Party|{{color|white|AP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2"|9<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" colspan="6"|<small>Having been the protégé of his predecessor Kittipromwong was initially seen as Khaopa's puppet, a fact reinforced when Kittipromwong appointed Khaopa as prime minister in a system most commented was a {{wp|tandemocracy}}. However Kittipromwong had a split with Khaopa in the lead-up to the 2006 legislative elections forming the Aspiration Party. He was defeated by Khaopa in his bid for re-election in 2006 after being seen to lose military support.</small><br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FFD700; color:white;" height=40|<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(8)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Thaksin DOD 20050915 (crop).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Chakthip Khaopa|Chakthip Khaopa<br><small>จักรทิพย์ ข้าวปุ้น</small>]]<br/><small>(1948-)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2006<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2014<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|2006|02|14|2014|02|14}}<br />
| [[2005-06 Kaonese presidential election|2005-06]]<br>[[2009-10 Kaonese presidential election|2009-10]]<br />
| [[Prapat Kongkran]]<br>[[Kongsampong Khumpai]]<br />
| style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;"|[[Chart Pattana Party|{{color|white|CPP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Returning to power in 2006 Khaopa continued much of the same policies he had implemented in his previous term as president. He became increasingly criticised for corruption and authoritarianism particularly after the 2008 Thammacot riots. Khaopa only narrowly won the 2010 elections which many believed was {{wp|electoral fraud|rigged}} by the authorities to ensure his victory, leading to large-scale protests throughout 2010 and 2011. Khaopa's term nevertheless saw stable economic growth and amid low approval ratings he peacefully transferred power in 2014 after his handpicked candidate lost to the opposition.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#007500; color:white;" rowspan="2"|10<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:THAI PRIME MINISTER YINGLUCK SHINAWATRA in 2013 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Lursakdi Sonakul|Lursakdi Sonakul<br><small>เลอศักดิ์ โสณกุล</small>]]<br/><small>(1968-)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2014<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2022<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|2014|02|14|2022|02|14}}<br />
| [[2013-14 Kaonese presidential election|2013-14]]<br>[[2017-18 Kaonese presidential election|2017-18]]<br />
| [[Ananada Keacham]]<br>[[Xaisomboun Thonemany]]<br>[[Phoumi Kittikhoun]]<br />
| style="background:#007500; color:white;"|[[People's Democrat Party|{{color|white|PDP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>Coming to power with the support of the military and secular elements, Sonakul's government emphasised the so-called Five Fundamentals (economic growth, low unemployment, economic modernisation, a strong welfare state and protection of Kaonese values). A drop in resource prices meant that the Kaonese economy saw a decline in her tenure. Protests in 2020 over government corruption have resulted in a further decline in Sonakul's popularity particularly amongst non-urban communities.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;" rowspan="2"|11<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Lee Hsien Loong 2016 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Kongsampong Khumpai|Kongsampong Khumpai<br><small>คงสมพงษ์ คุ้มภัย</small>]]<br/><small>(1957-)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> February 2022<br />
|Present<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|2022|02|14}}<br />
| [[2021-2022 Kaonese general election|2021-2022]]<br />
| [[Xaisomboun Thonemany]]<br />
| style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;"|[[Chart Pattana Party|{{color|white|CPP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="6"|<small>.</small><br />
|}<br />
[[Category:Kaona]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Britbong64&diff=752264User:Britbong642024-01-13T17:32:10Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{userboxtop<br />
| toptext = Information<br />
| align = right<br />
| extra-css = font-size:80%;<br />
}}<br />
{{userbox <br />
| id = [[Image:Kylaris regional logo.png|43px]]<br />
| id-c = #6495d2<br />
| border-c = #000000<br />
| info = This user is a member of '''[[Kylaris|<span style="color:#ffffff">Kylaris</span>]]'''.<br />
| info-a = center<br />
| info-c = #6495d2<br />
| info-fc = #ffffff<br />
| info-s = 9<br />
| info-op = text-align:center;<br />
}}<br />
{{userbox <br />
| id = [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|43px]]<br />
| id-c = #012269<br />
| border-c = #000000<br />
| info = This user is from the '''{{wp|United Kingdom|{{color|white|United Kingdom}}}}'''.<br />
| info-a = center<br />
| info-c = #012269<br />
| info-fc = #ffffff<br />
| info-s = 9<br />
| info-op = text-align:center;<br />
}}<br />
{{userbox <br />
| id-c = #ffffff<br />
| id = [[Image:Red flag II.svg|35px]]<br />
| border-c = #000000<br />
| info = This user is a '''[[wikipedia:Socialism|<span style="color:#ffffff">socialist</span>]]'''.<br />
| info-a = center<br />
| info-c = #cc0000<br />
| info-fc = #ffffff<br />
| info-s = 9<br />
| info-op = text-align:center;<br />
}}<br />
{{userbox <br />
| id = [[Image:United Kingdom flag waving icon.svg|43px]]<br />
| id-c = #ffffff<br />
| border-c = #000000<br />
| info = This user is a '''{{wp|Unionism in the United Kingdom|{{color|white|British unionist}}}}'''.<br />
| info-a = center<br />
| info-c = #012269<br />
| info-fc = #ffffff<br />
| info-s = 9<br />
| info-op = text-align:center;<br />
}}<br />
{{Userboxbottom}}<br />
Known by Xiao/Mari on discord and other platforms. Currently a lore adviser in [[Kylaris]]. Formally a member of [[Esquarium]] and [[Gaia]]. <br />
<br />
Cultural {{wp|Francophile}} and {{wp|Sinophile}}.<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Country!!Region!!Seal/Arms!!Tech<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" |Nations<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|East Miersa}}<br />
| [[Kylaris]]<br />
| [[File:Emblem of the MSRR.png|100px]]<br />
| MT<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Kaona}}<br />
| Levillion<br />
| [[File:Coat of Arms of Kaona.png|100px]]<br />
| MT<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Werania}}<br />
| [[Kylaris]]<br />
| [[File:Werania Coat of Arms.png|100px]]<br />
| MT<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Shangea}}<br />
| [[Kylaris]]<br />
| [[File:Seal of Xiaodong.png|100px]]<br />
| MT<br />
|}<br />
To do list: <br />
*Finish [[Weranian Unification]], [[Reformed Government of Senria]]. <br />
*Write Xiaodongese medieval and early modern history. <br />
*Expand Werania page. <br />
*Create Bamvangan Insurgency page.</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=State_Presidium_of_Shangea&diff=750963State Presidium of Shangea2024-01-10T01:11:16Z<p>Britbong64: /* Current composition */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox legislature<br />
| name = State Presidium of the Auspicious Republic of Shangea<br />
| native_name = 晓东吉祥共和国国家常务委员会<br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| transcription_name= Xiǎodōng Jíxiáng Gònghéguó Guójiā Chángwù Wěiyuánhuì<br />
| legislature = <br />
| coa_pic = <br />
| session_room = <br />
| house_type =<br />
| leader1_type = [[Chairperson of the State Presidium of Shangea|Chairman]]<br />
| leader1 = [[Yuan Xiannian]]<br />
| leader2_type = Members<br />
| leader2 = [[Yuan Xiannian]], [[Wen Kezhi]], [[Wang Hongzhi]], [[Tang Shanyuan]], [[Yi Shaoqing]], [[Ren Shaokuan]], [[Lu Qinqin]], [[Jiang Zhongyu]], [[Mao Lejiang]], [[Lin Weiyuan]]<br />
| preceded_by =<br />
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1937|04|24}}<br />
| party1 = <br />
| new_session = <br />
| election1 = <br />
| seats = 11<br />
| term_length = <br />
| last_election1 = <br />
| meeting_place = Supreme Hall of State, [[Rongzhuo]], [[Shangea]]<br />
| constitution = [[Constitution of Shangea]]<br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
The '''State Presidium of the Auspicious Republic of Shangea''' (''{{wp|Mandarin Chinese|Shangean}}'': '''晓东吉祥共和国国家常务委员会'''; ''Xiǎodōng Jíxiáng Gònghéguó Guójiā Chángwù Wěiyuánhuì'') is the highest executive, legislative and judicial body in [[Shangea]]. It consists of 10 members - its own Chairman, the Premier, the Legislative Council President, the Examination Council President, the Judicial Council President, the chief of general staff and the ministers of international relations, finance, social affairs and security. <br />
<br />
The State Presidium was created in 1937 during the [[Shangean Civil War]] to act as a temporary executive, legislative and judicial body before the victory of the Army of National Salvation in areas controlled by the Army. Following the victory of army in 1940 it was retained as the highest body in that capacity becoming insistutionalised following the signing of the 1942 constitution on the grounds of adhering to [[National Principlism|national principlist]] doctrine. The [[State Chairman of Shangea|Chairman]] of the State Presidium also quickly became the dominant leader in Shangean politics due to this as the State Presidium superseded both the Legislative and Executive Councils as the centre of power in the Shangean state. <br />
<br />
Prior to the 1980's outside the positions of State Chairman and presidents of the four councils (executive, legislative, judicial and examination) membership of the State Presidium was ''ad hoc'' although senior ministers and military officers often sat on the State Presidium. The State Presidium during the 1960's reached a height of 18 members although membership was usually around half that number. In 1988 constitutional amendments resulted in members of the State Presidium being formally codified to that of the previous five defined members plus the chief of staff and social affairs, security, international relations and finance ministers. <br />
<br />
The current State Presidium is led by [[Yuan Xiannian]], who has served in the role since 2016. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
==Current composition==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! <br />
! width="35%" | Position<br />
! Picture<br />
! width="15%" | Name<br />
! width="30%" | Member since<br />
! width="25%" | Party<br />
|-<br />
| width=5px style="background-color:#DC143C" |<br />
| [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]]<br />
| [[File:Shinzō Abe.jpg|60px]]<br />
| [[Yuan Xiannian]]<br />
| 18<sup>th</sup> May 2000<br>21<sup>st</sup> May 2005 <small>(current position)</small><br />
| [[Society for Restoring Benevolence]]<br />
|-<br />
| width=5px style="background-color: grey" |<br />
| [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]<br />
| [[File:Wang Yang (Chinese politician) Washington 2013.jpg|60px]]<br />
| [[Wen Kezhi]]<br />
| 8<sup>th</sup> March 2022<br />
| {{wp|Independent (politics)|Nonpartisan}}<br />
|-<br />
| width=5px style="background-color: #DC143C" |<br />
| [[President of the Legislative Council (Shangea)|Legislative Council President]]<br />
| [[File:Chinese FM Wang Yi in Washington, 19 September 2013.jpg|60px]]<br />
| [[Wang Hongzhi]]<br />
| 14<sup>th</sup> April 2014<br />
| [[Society for Restoring Benevolence]]<br />
|-<br />
| width=5px style="background-color: #DC143C" |<br />
| [[President of the Examination Council (Shangea)|Examination Council President]]<br />
| [[File:Liu Xiaoming, Ambassador of the Peoples Republic of China to the UK.jpg|60px]]<br />
| [[Tang Shanyuan]]<br />
| 8<sup>th</sup> March 2022<br />
| [[Society for Restoring Benevolence]]<br />
|-<br />
| width=5px style="background-color: grey" |<br />
| [[President of the Judicial Council (Shangea)|Judicial Council President]]<br />
| [[File:Wang Qishan 2010 (cropped).jpg|60px]]<br />
| [[Yi Shaoqing]]<br />
| 4<sup>th</sup> February 2010<br />
| {{wp|Independent (politics)|Nonpartisan}}<br />
|-<br />
| width=5px style="background-color: grey" |<br />
| [[Army of National Salvation|Chief of General Staff Headquarters]]<br />
| [[File:General Qi Jianguo.jpg|60px]]<br />
| [[Lin Weiyuan]]<br />
| 8<sup>th</sup> March 2022<br />
| {{wp|Independent (politics)|Nonpartisan}}<br />
|-<br />
| width=5px style="background-color: #DC143C" |<br />
| [[Coordinating Ministry of International Relations|Coordinating Minister of International Relations]]<br />
| [[File:Xi Pinping 2019.jpg|60px]]<br />
| [[Jiang Zhongyu]]<br />
| 21<sup>st</sup> May 2005<br>8<sup>th</sup> March 2022 <small>(current position)</small><br />
| [[Society for Restoring Benevolence]]<br />
|-<br />
| width=5px style="background-color: #DC143C" |<br />
| [[Coordinating Ministry of Financial and Economic Affairs|Coordinating Minister of Financial and Economic Affairs]]<br />
| [[File:Hu Chunhua (2019-09-05) 2.jpg|60px]]<br />
| [[Mao Lejiang]]<br />
| 22<sup>nd</sup> May 2018<br />
| [[Society for Restoring Benevolence]]<br />
|-<br />
| width=5px style="background-color: #DC143C" |<br />
| [[Coordinating Ministry of Social and Cultural Affairs|Coordinating Minister of Social and Cultural Affairs]]<br />
| [[File:Yuan Qinqin.jpg|60px]]<br />
| [[Lu Qinqin]]<br />
| 22<sup>nd</sup> May 2018<br />
| [[Society for Restoring Benevolence]]<br />
|-<br />
| width=5px style="background-color: grey" |<br />
| [[Coordinating Ministry of Security and Justice Affairs|Coordinating Minister of Security and Justice Affairs]]<br />
| [[File:Wei Fenghe.jpg|60px]]<br />
| [[Ren Shaokuan]]<br />
| | 16<sup>th</sup> June 2017<br>8<sup>th</sup> March 2022 <small>(current position)</small><br />
| {{wp|Independent (politics)|Nonpartisan}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Xiaodong]][[Category:Politics in Xiaodong]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Society_for_Restoring_Benevolence&diff=750961Society for Restoring Benevolence2024-01-10T01:04:47Z<p>Britbong64: /* Party chairman */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political party <br />
|name = Society for Restoring Benevolence<br>仁者再生会<br><small>Rénzhě zàishēng huì</small><br />
|logo = [[File:Society for Restoring Benevolence logo.png|250px]]<br />
|colorcode =#DC143C<br />
|founder = [[Yuan Xiannian]]<br />
|slogan = <br />
|merger = <br />
|predecessor = <br />
|leader1_title = Chairman<br />
|leader1_name = [[Jiang Zhongyu]]<br />
|leader2_title = Deputy Chairmen<br />
|leader2_name = [[Lu Qinqin]]<br>Xi Lejiang<br />
|leader3_title =<br />
|leader3_name =<br />
|leader4_title = <br />
|leader4_name = <br />
|founded = 12<sup>th</sup> July 1988<br />
|dissolved = <br />
|headquarters = 14 Donfang District, Rongzhuo<br />
|newspaper = Global Review<br />
|student_wing = <br />
|youth_wing = Nationalist Revivalist Front<br />
|ideology = [[National Principlism]]<br>[[Yuan Xiannian#Ideology and beliefs|Yuanism]]<br>{{wp|Neosocialism}}<br />
|position = {{Wp|Left-wing}}<ref group="a" name="Political position">The Society for Restoring Benevolence has been variously described as {{wp|left-wing}}, {{wp|far-left}} and left-conservative due to being considered to be {{wp|Social conservatism|right-wing on social issues}}.</ref><br />
|membership = 12 million{{increase}}<br />
|affiliation1_title = National affiliation<br />
|affiliation1 = Patriotic Alliance for a Harmonious Country<br />
|colors = {{color box|#DC143C}} Red<br />
|seats1_title = [[Legislative Council (Xiaodong)|Legislative Council]]<br />
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|515|750|hex=#DC143C}}<br />
|seats2_title = Seats in regional assemblies<br />
|seats2 ={{Composition bar|1836|2506|hex=#DC143C}}<br />
|seats3_title = [[State Presidium of Shangea|State Presidium]]<br />
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|6|10|hex=#DC143C}}<br />
|flag = <br />
|symbol = <br />
|website = <br />
|country = Shangea<br />
|footnotes = <references group="a"/><br />
}}<br />
The '''Society for Restoring Benevolence''' ({{Wp|Chinese language|Shangea}}: '''仁者再生会'''; ''Rénzhě zàishēng huì'') is a political party in [[Shangea]]. Since its creation in 1984 it has been the ruling party of Shangea representing the interests of senior governmental figures, big business and the state bureaucracy being supportive of [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]] [[Yuan Xiannian]] and his agenda.<br />
<br />
The Society for Restoring Benevolence is considered to be the spiritual successor of the [[Xiaodong Regeneration Society]], being often referred to as the "{{wp|party of power}}". The Society itself was created in March 1988 as an attempt to reintroduce the party state after the official non-partisanship of the Rejuvenation period. It seeks to promote the values of [[National Principlism]] and the "[[Corrective Revolution (Xiaodong)|Corrective Revolutionary spirit]]". <br />
<br />
The party has ruled Shangea as a {{wp|dominant-party state}} since its foundation in 1988, winning a legislative supermajority at the 2009 election and a simple majority at the 2014 election. The Society suffered a decline in support as a result of the [[2016-17 Shangean Protests]]. The 10<sup>th</sup> January snap elections in 2017 saw the Society and affiliated parties win an overwhelming majority in the Legislative Council in a result that was largely seen as rigged. The continuing protests and harsh suppression of them with the advent of the [[Normalisation (Shangea)|Normalisation]] process saw the party cement itself as the central organ of the Shangean state, a position it has continued to hold throughout the Yuan government. <br />
<br />
The Society states that it is a {{wp|socialism|socialist}} party which supports National Principlism, anti-imperialism and economic reformism. However most observers state that the party has no real ideology other then support for Yuan Xiannian and as such adopts similar policies to him such as promotion of nationalism and economic centralisation. The Society have support across most societal sectors having links with big business, the government bureaucracy and the military. As the "permanent party of government" the Society often resorts to a mixture of pragmatist and populist policies to the extent where critics contend that the party is largely non-ideological save for preserving statism. <br />
==History==<br />
===Formation===<br />
===Party of power===<br />
===Normalisation and its aftermath===<br />
==Ideology and policies==<br />
The Society for Restoring Benevolence officially ascribe to the ideology of [[National Principlism]] which advocates for the moral, economic and national rejuvanation of society through the implementation of an authoritarian socialist state. In a general sense this is defined to encompasses {{wp|nationalism}}, {{wp|authoritarianism}}, {{wp|neosocialism}}, political [[Zohism]] and {{wp|social justice}} (although not in the modern meaning of the term). <br />
<br />
In practice, the Society often endorses the centralisation of state power, upholding of traditional culture and neosocialism. Key to the Society's policy making and ideology is the belief in authoritarian, top-down centralisation of power. National Principlism above all else endorses social stability and the role of an authoritarian, paternalistic state. As a result the Society remain sceptical of popular movements, and seek to maintain a low level of constant control of Shangean society. The Society is disapproving of an active civil society, but since democratic reforms National Principlists have aimed to fuse traditional paternalist authoritarianism with a form of "{{wp|Totalitarian democracy|authoritarian democracy}}" in which political participation is limited to elections alone. The Society's focus on social stability means that it endorses moderate social reform and the existence of a welfare state in order to prevent revolution and social collapse. The Society opposes market fundamentalism and individualism, seeing both as detrimental to the social cohesion of the nation. <br />
<br />
International paper ''Le Monde'' described National Principlism and the Society's adoption of it as being a practice "a way to justify a rigid, authoritarian state that seeks to control the lives of its citizens whilst maintaining a thin veneer of adherence to socialist principles". The Society is commonly considered ideologically to support the agenda of incumbent [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]] [[Yuan Xiannian]] sometimes being dubbed a {{wp|Personalism|personalist}} project. <br />
===Economic policy===<br />
The Society often uses socialist rhetoric and identifies its economic position as serving the people's and national welfare, rejecting capitalism as being unsuited to the national conditions of Shangea, and proposes instead "Shangean socialism" to deal with Shangean problems. The Society's socialist ideology has been defined as "{{wp|Neosocialism|neosocialist revisionism}}".<br />
<br />
In practice unlike their predecessor parties such as the [[Xiaodong Regeneration Society]] or the [[National Association for Progress]] the Society neither support a {{wp|command economy}} nor {{wp|economic liberalism}}. Rather they support a statist, regulatory approach to economic management championing a form of {{wp|East Asian model of capitalism|state-sponsored capitalism}} wherein the state would direct large monopolies through strategic {{wp|economic interventionism|interventions}}, with the intention to guide the economy to ensure the national interest was served. However, certain sectors, notably the financial sector, remain highly regulated. As well as this, the Society became very heavily in favour of free trade aggressively dismantling tariffs and encouraging foreign investment. Under Yuan, faith in the free market was replaced by a belief of Society policy makers that the state was necessary to ensure economic growth in key sectors and mitigate the downturns of free-market instability. Nevertheless, the Society reject {{wp|nationalisation}} and support the privatisation of state assets. In 2013 Yuan defined his economic strategy as encouraging investment through higher education and infrastructure spending, stability through economic interventions and tightly controlling the value of kuai, and liberalisation through massive privatisation and embracing free trade. Since 2017 however there has been a greater focus on {{wp|economic nationalism}} with the state expanding support for "national champions" whilst halting the privatisation process. In 2022 the Society officially repudiated capitalism calling for the consolidation of a "{{wp|socialist-orientated market economy}}".<br />
<br />
The current economic program of the Society has moved away from {{wp|East Asian model of capitalism|state-sponsored investment}}, {{wp|privatisation}} of state-owned assets, focus on {{wp|indirect taxation}} and export-based inflationary growth towards a {{wp|socialist-orientated market economy}} which is more protectionist and deflationary. <br />
===Historical Revisionism===<br />
As part of its {{wp|nationalism|nationalist}} ideology, the Society support {{wp|historical revisionism}} in regards to Shangean history particularly the [[Senrian Genocide]]. The Society wholeheartedly reject the Treaty of Keishi which they deem illegitimate as it was signed by an [[Republic of Shangea|illegitimate government]] and was not done in fair terms. In particular, the Society have stated that Shangea does not bear responsibility for the war stating that the Senrian annexation of [[Sakata]] led to the conflict. The Society have also said that Shangea's imperialist ambitions were "less malicious" to those of [[Gaullica]], [[Estmere]], [[Etruria]] and [[Werania]] and that Shangea protected Coian nations such as [[Senria]] from [[Euclea]]n imperialism.<br />
<br />
In terms of the Senrian Genocide the Society have been unable to present a unified opinion on the matter. Officially they endorse [[Qian Xingwen]]'s 1987 declaration "''On the Subject of the Senrian War and its consequences''" admitted mass killing had taken place and apologised for civilian deaths, although Qian ruled out the possibility of reparations, stating the mass killings of civilians was simply part of the war and there was no "''policy of extermination''". Recently under Yuan Xiannian the Society has become more openly historical revisionist, with Yuan rejecting the possibility of a genocide as "''Senrian functionalist propaganda''". In 2016, Yuan stated Shangean war crimes were a "''detail of history''" and that "'', the Senrian claim that there was a pre-planned effort to kill civilians on a mass scale is absurd...why would a nation, especially one with as peaceful culture as Shangea, do such crimes?''". <br />
===Foreign policy===<br />
The Society aimed to maintain "''total independence''" in foreign affairs, and are critical of "''imperialist domination''". It has been the aim of the Society to create an alliance of Coian nations through both the [[Rongzhuo Strategic Protocol Organisation]] and the [[International Forum for Developing States]]. The Society officially endorse the [[Three Fundamentals]] - the isolation of Senria from international affairs, the maintenance of Shangea as a great power and the promotion of anti-imperialism. <br />
<br />
The Society have in recent years promoted {{wp|soft power}} positions such as increasing international aid, investing in developing countries, investing in Shangean culture and promoting it abroad through organisations such as the [[International Forum for Shangean Affairs]]. They additionally support the integration of [[Heijiang]] into Shangea.<br />
<br />
===Social policy===<br />
The Society oppose the legalisation of {{wp|same-sex marriage}} with critics accusing the Society of using {{wp|Homophobia|homophobic}} rhetoric. In 2021 the Society endorsed a law prohibiting LGBT+ representation in Shangean media.<br />
<br />
==Organisation==<br />
The highest ranking official within the Society for Restoring Benevolence is its Chairman (主席; Zhǔxí). The Chairman is the head of the Central Executive Committee (中央行政部门委员会; Zhōngyāng xíngzhèng bùmén wěiyuán huì) which is made up of 20 voting members and 5 non-voting members, acting as the supreme executive body within the Regeneration Society. The Central Executive Committee sets the policy of the party as well as oversee party affairs and appointments. The Central Executive Committee is appointed by the Chairman who is elected by the Regeneration Society Plenum (全会; Quánhuì) which meets every five years - as such the Chairman is allowed to run for unlimited five year terms. The Plenum is made up of delegates from regional Society branches who are picked by the Chairman, meaning the Chairman is always re-elected. The next party plenum is scheduled to take place in 2027. <br />
<br />
The day-to-day running of the party is handled by the Co-ordination Unit which oversees the administration and finances of the Society on a nationwide basis. It is led by three General Secretaries and contains several rotating members overall. The Co-ordination Unit is appointed by the Central Executive Committee. Members of the Society who sit in the Legislative Council form the Legislative Unit that coordinates party affairs between members of the Legislative Council. The members of all these branches are appointed by the Central Executive Committee who also appoint the leaders of regional party branches. Prospective candidates for elections are also approved by the Central Executive Committee via the Co-ordination Unit. Most policy within the Society is set by the Policy Unit, which is appointed by the Chairman. At a local level the Society is governed by prefectural branches which in turn are divided into municipal branches. <br />
<br />
In practice much of the organisation of the Regeneration Society is based on {{wp|guanxi}} networks between members of the Society and the public, with the Society relying on the personal loyalty of members and supporters to increase their own influence in the Society and maintain power, leading to accusations of {{wp|cronyism}} and {{wp|nepotism}} as well as factionalism being common. <br />
===Internal groupings===<br />
===Party chairman===<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! No.<br />
! width=150|Name<br /><small>(Born–Died)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! colspan=2|Term in Office<br />
! State position<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 1<br />
| [[Yuan Jiaxiang]]<br /><small>(1926-1994)</small> || [[File:Yuan Jiaxiang.png|60px]] || 12<sup>th</sup> July 1988 || 5<sup>th</sup> May 1994 || President of the Legislative Council<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 2<br />
| [[Han Guanzheng]]<br /><small>(1940-)</small> || [[File:Ху Цзиньтао 2017.jpg|60px]] || 5<sup>th</sup> May 1994 || 30<sup>th</sup> March 2007 || [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 3<br />
| [[Yuan Xiannian]]<br /><small>(1954-)</small> || [[File:Shinzō Abe 20060926.jpg|60px]] || 30<sup>th</sup> March 2007 || 18<sup>th</sup> June 2011 || [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 4<br />
| [[Xi Yaotang]]<br /><small>(1943-)</small> || [[File:Wen Jiabao 02.jpg|60px]] || 18<sup>th</sup> June 2011 || 19<sup>th</sup> June 2014 || [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 5<br />
| [[Jiang Zhongyu]]<br /><small>(1956 -)</small> || [[File:成都大运会 Chengdu 2021 20230728 10 - Xi Jinping declares Chengdu Universiade open (cropped).jpg|60px]] || 19<sup>th</sup> June 2014 || Present || [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]<br>Coordinating Minister of International Relations<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
==Election results==<br />
[[Category:Xiaodong]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Society_for_Restoring_Benevolence&diff=750960Society for Restoring Benevolence2024-01-10T01:03:04Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political party <br />
|name = Society for Restoring Benevolence<br>仁者再生会<br><small>Rénzhě zàishēng huì</small><br />
|logo = [[File:Society for Restoring Benevolence logo.png|250px]]<br />
|colorcode =#DC143C<br />
|founder = [[Yuan Xiannian]]<br />
|slogan = <br />
|merger = <br />
|predecessor = <br />
|leader1_title = Chairman<br />
|leader1_name = [[Jiang Zhongyu]]<br />
|leader2_title = Deputy Chairmen<br />
|leader2_name = [[Lu Qinqin]]<br>Xi Lejiang<br />
|leader3_title =<br />
|leader3_name =<br />
|leader4_title = <br />
|leader4_name = <br />
|founded = 12<sup>th</sup> July 1988<br />
|dissolved = <br />
|headquarters = 14 Donfang District, Rongzhuo<br />
|newspaper = Global Review<br />
|student_wing = <br />
|youth_wing = Nationalist Revivalist Front<br />
|ideology = [[National Principlism]]<br>[[Yuan Xiannian#Ideology and beliefs|Yuanism]]<br>{{wp|Neosocialism}}<br />
|position = {{Wp|Left-wing}}<ref group="a" name="Political position">The Society for Restoring Benevolence has been variously described as {{wp|left-wing}}, {{wp|far-left}} and left-conservative due to being considered to be {{wp|Social conservatism|right-wing on social issues}}.</ref><br />
|membership = 12 million{{increase}}<br />
|affiliation1_title = National affiliation<br />
|affiliation1 = Patriotic Alliance for a Harmonious Country<br />
|colors = {{color box|#DC143C}} Red<br />
|seats1_title = [[Legislative Council (Xiaodong)|Legislative Council]]<br />
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|515|750|hex=#DC143C}}<br />
|seats2_title = Seats in regional assemblies<br />
|seats2 ={{Composition bar|1836|2506|hex=#DC143C}}<br />
|seats3_title = [[State Presidium of Shangea|State Presidium]]<br />
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|6|10|hex=#DC143C}}<br />
|flag = <br />
|symbol = <br />
|website = <br />
|country = Shangea<br />
|footnotes = <references group="a"/><br />
}}<br />
The '''Society for Restoring Benevolence''' ({{Wp|Chinese language|Shangea}}: '''仁者再生会'''; ''Rénzhě zàishēng huì'') is a political party in [[Shangea]]. Since its creation in 1984 it has been the ruling party of Shangea representing the interests of senior governmental figures, big business and the state bureaucracy being supportive of [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]] [[Yuan Xiannian]] and his agenda.<br />
<br />
The Society for Restoring Benevolence is considered to be the spiritual successor of the [[Xiaodong Regeneration Society]], being often referred to as the "{{wp|party of power}}". The Society itself was created in March 1988 as an attempt to reintroduce the party state after the official non-partisanship of the Rejuvenation period. It seeks to promote the values of [[National Principlism]] and the "[[Corrective Revolution (Xiaodong)|Corrective Revolutionary spirit]]". <br />
<br />
The party has ruled Shangea as a {{wp|dominant-party state}} since its foundation in 1988, winning a legislative supermajority at the 2009 election and a simple majority at the 2014 election. The Society suffered a decline in support as a result of the [[2016-17 Shangean Protests]]. The 10<sup>th</sup> January snap elections in 2017 saw the Society and affiliated parties win an overwhelming majority in the Legislative Council in a result that was largely seen as rigged. The continuing protests and harsh suppression of them with the advent of the [[Normalisation (Shangea)|Normalisation]] process saw the party cement itself as the central organ of the Shangean state, a position it has continued to hold throughout the Yuan government. <br />
<br />
The Society states that it is a {{wp|socialism|socialist}} party which supports National Principlism, anti-imperialism and economic reformism. However most observers state that the party has no real ideology other then support for Yuan Xiannian and as such adopts similar policies to him such as promotion of nationalism and economic centralisation. The Society have support across most societal sectors having links with big business, the government bureaucracy and the military. As the "permanent party of government" the Society often resorts to a mixture of pragmatist and populist policies to the extent where critics contend that the party is largely non-ideological save for preserving statism. <br />
==History==<br />
===Formation===<br />
===Party of power===<br />
===Normalisation and its aftermath===<br />
==Ideology and policies==<br />
The Society for Restoring Benevolence officially ascribe to the ideology of [[National Principlism]] which advocates for the moral, economic and national rejuvanation of society through the implementation of an authoritarian socialist state. In a general sense this is defined to encompasses {{wp|nationalism}}, {{wp|authoritarianism}}, {{wp|neosocialism}}, political [[Zohism]] and {{wp|social justice}} (although not in the modern meaning of the term). <br />
<br />
In practice, the Society often endorses the centralisation of state power, upholding of traditional culture and neosocialism. Key to the Society's policy making and ideology is the belief in authoritarian, top-down centralisation of power. National Principlism above all else endorses social stability and the role of an authoritarian, paternalistic state. As a result the Society remain sceptical of popular movements, and seek to maintain a low level of constant control of Shangean society. The Society is disapproving of an active civil society, but since democratic reforms National Principlists have aimed to fuse traditional paternalist authoritarianism with a form of "{{wp|Totalitarian democracy|authoritarian democracy}}" in which political participation is limited to elections alone. The Society's focus on social stability means that it endorses moderate social reform and the existence of a welfare state in order to prevent revolution and social collapse. The Society opposes market fundamentalism and individualism, seeing both as detrimental to the social cohesion of the nation. <br />
<br />
International paper ''Le Monde'' described National Principlism and the Society's adoption of it as being a practice "a way to justify a rigid, authoritarian state that seeks to control the lives of its citizens whilst maintaining a thin veneer of adherence to socialist principles". The Society is commonly considered ideologically to support the agenda of incumbent [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]] [[Yuan Xiannian]] sometimes being dubbed a {{wp|Personalism|personalist}} project. <br />
===Economic policy===<br />
The Society often uses socialist rhetoric and identifies its economic position as serving the people's and national welfare, rejecting capitalism as being unsuited to the national conditions of Shangea, and proposes instead "Shangean socialism" to deal with Shangean problems. The Society's socialist ideology has been defined as "{{wp|Neosocialism|neosocialist revisionism}}".<br />
<br />
In practice unlike their predecessor parties such as the [[Xiaodong Regeneration Society]] or the [[National Association for Progress]] the Society neither support a {{wp|command economy}} nor {{wp|economic liberalism}}. Rather they support a statist, regulatory approach to economic management championing a form of {{wp|East Asian model of capitalism|state-sponsored capitalism}} wherein the state would direct large monopolies through strategic {{wp|economic interventionism|interventions}}, with the intention to guide the economy to ensure the national interest was served. However, certain sectors, notably the financial sector, remain highly regulated. As well as this, the Society became very heavily in favour of free trade aggressively dismantling tariffs and encouraging foreign investment. Under Yuan, faith in the free market was replaced by a belief of Society policy makers that the state was necessary to ensure economic growth in key sectors and mitigate the downturns of free-market instability. Nevertheless, the Society reject {{wp|nationalisation}} and support the privatisation of state assets. In 2013 Yuan defined his economic strategy as encouraging investment through higher education and infrastructure spending, stability through economic interventions and tightly controlling the value of kuai, and liberalisation through massive privatisation and embracing free trade. Since 2017 however there has been a greater focus on {{wp|economic nationalism}} with the state expanding support for "national champions" whilst halting the privatisation process. In 2022 the Society officially repudiated capitalism calling for the consolidation of a "{{wp|socialist-orientated market economy}}".<br />
<br />
The current economic program of the Society has moved away from {{wp|East Asian model of capitalism|state-sponsored investment}}, {{wp|privatisation}} of state-owned assets, focus on {{wp|indirect taxation}} and export-based inflationary growth towards a {{wp|socialist-orientated market economy}} which is more protectionist and deflationary. <br />
===Historical Revisionism===<br />
As part of its {{wp|nationalism|nationalist}} ideology, the Society support {{wp|historical revisionism}} in regards to Shangean history particularly the [[Senrian Genocide]]. The Society wholeheartedly reject the Treaty of Keishi which they deem illegitimate as it was signed by an [[Republic of Shangea|illegitimate government]] and was not done in fair terms. In particular, the Society have stated that Shangea does not bear responsibility for the war stating that the Senrian annexation of [[Sakata]] led to the conflict. The Society have also said that Shangea's imperialist ambitions were "less malicious" to those of [[Gaullica]], [[Estmere]], [[Etruria]] and [[Werania]] and that Shangea protected Coian nations such as [[Senria]] from [[Euclea]]n imperialism.<br />
<br />
In terms of the Senrian Genocide the Society have been unable to present a unified opinion on the matter. Officially they endorse [[Qian Xingwen]]'s 1987 declaration "''On the Subject of the Senrian War and its consequences''" admitted mass killing had taken place and apologised for civilian deaths, although Qian ruled out the possibility of reparations, stating the mass killings of civilians was simply part of the war and there was no "''policy of extermination''". Recently under Yuan Xiannian the Society has become more openly historical revisionist, with Yuan rejecting the possibility of a genocide as "''Senrian functionalist propaganda''". In 2016, Yuan stated Shangean war crimes were a "''detail of history''" and that "'', the Senrian claim that there was a pre-planned effort to kill civilians on a mass scale is absurd...why would a nation, especially one with as peaceful culture as Shangea, do such crimes?''". <br />
===Foreign policy===<br />
The Society aimed to maintain "''total independence''" in foreign affairs, and are critical of "''imperialist domination''". It has been the aim of the Society to create an alliance of Coian nations through both the [[Rongzhuo Strategic Protocol Organisation]] and the [[International Forum for Developing States]]. The Society officially endorse the [[Three Fundamentals]] - the isolation of Senria from international affairs, the maintenance of Shangea as a great power and the promotion of anti-imperialism. <br />
<br />
The Society have in recent years promoted {{wp|soft power}} positions such as increasing international aid, investing in developing countries, investing in Shangean culture and promoting it abroad through organisations such as the [[International Forum for Shangean Affairs]]. They additionally support the integration of [[Heijiang]] into Shangea.<br />
<br />
===Social policy===<br />
The Society oppose the legalisation of {{wp|same-sex marriage}} with critics accusing the Society of using {{wp|Homophobia|homophobic}} rhetoric. In 2021 the Society endorsed a law prohibiting LGBT+ representation in Shangean media.<br />
<br />
==Organisation==<br />
The highest ranking official within the Society for Restoring Benevolence is its Chairman (主席; Zhǔxí). The Chairman is the head of the Central Executive Committee (中央行政部门委员会; Zhōngyāng xíngzhèng bùmén wěiyuán huì) which is made up of 20 voting members and 5 non-voting members, acting as the supreme executive body within the Regeneration Society. The Central Executive Committee sets the policy of the party as well as oversee party affairs and appointments. The Central Executive Committee is appointed by the Chairman who is elected by the Regeneration Society Plenum (全会; Quánhuì) which meets every five years - as such the Chairman is allowed to run for unlimited five year terms. The Plenum is made up of delegates from regional Society branches who are picked by the Chairman, meaning the Chairman is always re-elected. The next party plenum is scheduled to take place in 2027. <br />
<br />
The day-to-day running of the party is handled by the Co-ordination Unit which oversees the administration and finances of the Society on a nationwide basis. It is led by three General Secretaries and contains several rotating members overall. The Co-ordination Unit is appointed by the Central Executive Committee. Members of the Society who sit in the Legislative Council form the Legislative Unit that coordinates party affairs between members of the Legislative Council. The members of all these branches are appointed by the Central Executive Committee who also appoint the leaders of regional party branches. Prospective candidates for elections are also approved by the Central Executive Committee via the Co-ordination Unit. Most policy within the Society is set by the Policy Unit, which is appointed by the Chairman. At a local level the Society is governed by prefectural branches which in turn are divided into municipal branches. <br />
<br />
In practice much of the organisation of the Regeneration Society is based on {{wp|guanxi}} networks between members of the Society and the public, with the Society relying on the personal loyalty of members and supporters to increase their own influence in the Society and maintain power, leading to accusations of {{wp|cronyism}} and {{wp|nepotism}} as well as factionalism being common. <br />
===Internal groupings===<br />
===Party chairman===<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! No.<br />
! width=150|Name<br /><small>(Born–Died)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! colspan=2|Term in Office<br />
! State position<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 1<br />
| [[Yuan Jiaxiang]]<br /><small>(1926-1994)</small> || [[File:Yuan Jiaxiang.png|60px]] || 12<sup>th</sup> July 1988 || 5<sup>th</sup> May 1994 || President of the Legislative Council<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 2<br />
| [[Han Guanzheng]]<br /><small>(1940-)</small> || [[File:Ху Цзиньтао 2017.jpg|60px]] || 5<sup>th</sup> May 1994 || 30<sup>th</sup> March 2007 || [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 3<br />
| [[Yuan Xiannian]]<br /><small>(1954-)</small> || [[File:Shinzō Abe 20060926.jpg|60px]] || 30<sup>th</sup> March 2007 || 18<sup>th</sup> June 2011 || [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 4<br />
| [[Xi Yaotang]]<br /><small>(1943-)</small> || [[File:Wen Jiabao 02.jpg|60px]] || 18<sup>th</sup> June 2011 || 19<sup>th</sup> June 2014 || [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 5<br />
| [[Jiang Zhongyu]]<br /><small>(1956 -)</small> || [[File:Xi Jinping portrait 2019 (cropped).jpg|60px]] || 19<sup>th</sup> June 2014 || Present || [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]<br>Coordinating Minister of International Relations<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
==Election results==<br />
[[Category:Xiaodong]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Society_for_Restoring_Benevolence&diff=750958Society for Restoring Benevolence2024-01-10T00:52:56Z<p>Britbong64: /* Ideology and policies */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political party <br />
|name = Society for Restoring Benevolence<br>仁者再生会<br><small>Rénzhě zàishēng huì</small><br />
|logo = [[File:Society for Restoring Benevolence logo.png|250px]]<br />
|colorcode =#DC143C<br />
|founder = [[Yuan Xiannian]]<br />
|slogan = <br />
|merger = <br />
|predecessor = <br />
|leader1_title = Chairman<br />
|leader1_name = [[Wang Hongzhi]]<br />
|leader2_title = Deputy Chairmen<br />
|leader2_name = [[Lu Qinqin]]<br>Xi Lejiang<br />
|leader3_title =<br />
|leader3_name =<br />
|leader4_title = <br />
|leader4_name = <br />
|founded = 12<sup>th</sup> July 1988<br />
|dissolved = <br />
|headquarters = 14 Donfang District, Rongzhuo<br />
|newspaper = Global Review<br />
|student_wing = <br />
|youth_wing = Nationalist Revivalist Front<br />
|ideology = [[National Principlism]]<br>[[Yuan Xiannian#Ideology and beliefs|Yuanism]]<br>{{wp|Neosocialism}}<br />
|position = {{Wp|Left-wing}}<ref group="a" name="Political position">The Society for Restoring Benevolence has been variously described as {{wp|left-wing}}, {{wp|far-left}} and left-conservative due to being considered to be {{wp|Social conservatism|right-wing on social issues}}.</ref><br />
|membership = 12 million{{increase}}<br />
|affiliation1_title = National affiliation<br />
|affiliation1 = Patriotic Alliance for a Harmonious Country<br />
|colors = {{color box|#DC143C}} Red<br />
|seats1_title = [[Legislative Council (Xiaodong)|Legislative Council]]<br />
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|515|750|hex=#DC143C}}<br />
|seats2_title = Seats in regional assemblies<br />
|seats2 ={{Composition bar|1836|2506|hex=#DC143C}}<br />
|seats3_title = [[State Presidium of Shangea|State Presidium]]<br />
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|6|10|hex=#DC143C}}<br />
|flag = <br />
|symbol = <br />
|website = <br />
|country = Shangea<br />
|footnotes = <references group="a"/><br />
}}<br />
The '''Society for Restoring Benevolence''' ({{Wp|Chinese language|Shangea}}: '''仁者再生会'''; ''Rénzhě zàishēng huì'') is a political party in [[Shangea]]. Since its creation in 1984 it has been the ruling party of Shangea representing the interests of senior governmental figures, big business and the state bureaucracy being supportive of [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]] [[Yuan Xiannian]] and his agenda.<br />
<br />
The Society for Restoring Benevolence is considered to be the spiritual successor of the [[Xiaodong Regeneration Society]], being often referred to as the "{{wp|party of power}}". The Society itself was created in March 1988 as an attempt to reintroduce the party state after the official non-partisanship of the Rejuvenation period. It seeks to promote the values of [[National Principlism]] and the "[[Corrective Revolution (Xiaodong)|Corrective Revolutionary spirit]]". <br />
<br />
The party has ruled Shangea as a {{wp|dominant-party state}} since its foundation in 1988, winning a legislative supermajority at the 2009 election and a simple majority at the 2014 election. The Society suffered a decline in support as a result of the [[2016-17 Shangean Protests]]. The 10<sup>th</sup> January snap elections in 2017 saw the Society and affiliated parties win an overwhelming majority in the Legislative Council in a result that was largely seen as rigged. The continuing protests and harsh suppression of them with the advent of the [[Normalisation (Shangea)|Normalisation]] process saw the party cement itself as the central organ of the Shangean state, a position it has continued to hold throughout the Yuan government. <br />
<br />
The Society states that it is a {{wp|socialism|socialist}} party which supports National Principlism, anti-imperialism and economic reformism. However most observers state that the party has no real ideology other then support for Yuan Xiannian and as such adopts similar policies to him such as promotion of nationalism and economic centralisation. The Society have support across most societal sectors having links with big business, the government bureaucracy and the military. As the "permanent party of government" the Society often resorts to a mixture of pragmatist and populist policies to the extent where critics contend that the party is largely non-ideological save for preserving statism. <br />
==History==<br />
===Formation===<br />
===Party of power===<br />
===Normalisation and its aftermath===<br />
==Ideology and policies==<br />
The Society for Restoring Benevolence officially ascribe to the ideology of [[National Principlism]] which advocates for the moral, economic and national rejuvanation of society through the implementation of an authoritarian socialist state. In a general sense this is defined to encompasses {{wp|nationalism}}, {{wp|authoritarianism}}, {{wp|neosocialism}}, political [[Zohism]] and {{wp|social justice}} (although not in the modern meaning of the term). <br />
<br />
In practice, the Society often endorses the centralisation of state power, upholding of traditional culture and neosocialism. Key to the Society's policy making and ideology is the belief in authoritarian, top-down centralisation of power. National Principlism above all else endorses social stability and the role of an authoritarian, paternalistic state. As a result the Society remain sceptical of popular movements, and seek to maintain a low level of constant control of Shangean society. The Society is disapproving of an active civil society, but since democratic reforms National Principlists have aimed to fuse traditional paternalist authoritarianism with a form of "{{wp|Totalitarian democracy|authoritarian democracy}}" in which political participation is limited to elections alone. The Society's focus on social stability means that it endorses moderate social reform and the existence of a welfare state in order to prevent revolution and social collapse. The Society opposes market fundamentalism and individualism, seeing both as detrimental to the social cohesion of the nation. <br />
<br />
International paper ''Le Monde'' described National Principlism and the Society's adoption of it as being a practice "a way to justify a rigid, authoritarian state that seeks to control the lives of its citizens whilst maintaining a thin veneer of adherence to socialist principles". The Society is commonly considered ideologically to support the agenda of incumbent [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]] [[Yuan Xiannian]] sometimes being dubbed a {{wp|Personalism|personalist}} project. <br />
===Economic policy===<br />
The Society often uses socialist rhetoric and identifies its economic position as serving the people's and national welfare, rejecting capitalism as being unsuited to the national conditions of Shangea, and proposes instead "Shangean socialism" to deal with Shangean problems. The Society's socialist ideology has been defined as "{{wp|Neosocialism|neosocialist revisionism}}".<br />
<br />
In practice unlike their predecessor parties such as the [[Xiaodong Regeneration Society]] or the [[National Association for Progress]] the Society neither support a {{wp|command economy}} nor {{wp|economic liberalism}}. Rather they support a statist, regulatory approach to economic management championing a form of {{wp|East Asian model of capitalism|state-sponsored capitalism}} wherein the state would direct large monopolies through strategic {{wp|economic interventionism|interventions}}, with the intention to guide the economy to ensure the national interest was served. However, certain sectors, notably the financial sector, remain highly regulated. As well as this, the Society became very heavily in favour of free trade aggressively dismantling tariffs and encouraging foreign investment. Under Yuan, faith in the free market was replaced by a belief of Society policy makers that the state was necessary to ensure economic growth in key sectors and mitigate the downturns of free-market instability. Nevertheless, the Society reject {{wp|nationalisation}} and support the privatisation of state assets. In 2013 Yuan defined his economic strategy as encouraging investment through higher education and infrastructure spending, stability through economic interventions and tightly controlling the value of kuai, and liberalisation through massive privatisation and embracing free trade. Since 2017 however there has been a greater focus on {{wp|economic nationalism}} with the state expanding support for "national champions" whilst halting the privatisation process. In 2022 the Society officially repudiated capitalism calling for the consolidation of a "{{wp|socialist-orientated market economy}}".<br />
<br />
The current economic program of the Society has moved away from {{wp|East Asian model of capitalism|state-sponsored investment}}, {{wp|privatisation}} of state-owned assets, focus on {{wp|indirect taxation}} and export-based inflationary growth towards a {{wp|socialist-orientated market economy}} which is more protectionist and deflationary. <br />
===Historical Revisionism===<br />
As part of its {{wp|nationalism|nationalist}} ideology, the Society support {{wp|historical revisionism}} in regards to Shangean history particularly the [[Senrian Genocide]]. The Society wholeheartedly reject the Treaty of Keishi which they deem illegitimate as it was signed by an [[Republic of Shangea|illegitimate government]] and was not done in fair terms. In particular, the Society have stated that Shangea does not bear responsibility for the war stating that the Senrian annexation of [[Sakata]] led to the conflict. The Society have also said that Shangea's imperialist ambitions were "less malicious" to those of [[Gaullica]], [[Estmere]], [[Etruria]] and [[Werania]] and that Shangea protected Coian nations such as [[Senria]] from [[Euclea]]n imperialism.<br />
<br />
In terms of the Senrian Genocide the Society have been unable to present a unified opinion on the matter. Officially they endorse [[Qian Xingwen]]'s 1987 declaration "''On the Subject of the Senrian War and its consequences''" admitted mass killing had taken place and apologised for civilian deaths, although Qian ruled out the possibility of reparations, stating the mass killings of civilians was simply part of the war and there was no "''policy of extermination''". Recently under Yuan Xiannian the Society has become more openly historical revisionist, with Yuan rejecting the possibility of a genocide as "''Senrian functionalist propaganda''". In 2016, Yuan stated Shangean war crimes were a "''detail of history''" and that "'', the Senrian claim that there was a pre-planned effort to kill civilians on a mass scale is absurd...why would a nation, especially one with as peaceful culture as Shangea, do such crimes?''". <br />
===Foreign policy===<br />
The Society aimed to maintain "''total independence''" in foreign affairs, and are critical of "''imperialist domination''". It has been the aim of the Society to create an alliance of Coian nations through both the [[Rongzhuo Strategic Protocol Organisation]] and the [[International Forum for Developing States]]. The Society officially endorse the [[Three Fundamentals]] - the isolation of Senria from international affairs, the maintenance of Shangea as a great power and the promotion of anti-imperialism. <br />
<br />
The Society have in recent years promoted {{wp|soft power}} positions such as increasing international aid, investing in developing countries, investing in Shangean culture and promoting it abroad through organisations such as the [[International Forum for Shangean Affairs]]. They additionally support the integration of [[Heijiang]] into Shangea.<br />
<br />
===Social policy===<br />
The Society oppose the legalisation of {{wp|same-sex marriage}} with critics accusing the Society of using {{wp|Homophobia|homophobic}} rhetoric. In 2021 the Society endorsed a law prohibiting LGBT+ representation in Shangean media.<br />
<br />
==Organisation==<br />
The highest ranking official within the Society for Restoring Benevolence is its Chairman (主席; Zhǔxí). The Chairman is the head of the Central Executive Committee (中央行政部门委员会; Zhōngyāng xíngzhèng bùmén wěiyuán huì) which is made up of 20 voting members and 5 non-voting members, acting as the supreme executive body within the Regeneration Society. The Central Executive Committee sets the policy of the party as well as oversee party affairs and appointments. The Central Executive Committee is appointed by the Chairman who is elected by the Regeneration Society Plenum (全会; Quánhuì) which meets every five years - as such the Chairman is allowed to run for unlimited five year terms. The Plenum is made up of delegates from regional Society branches who are picked by the Chairman, meaning the Chairman is always re-elected. The next party plenum is scheduled to take place in 2027. <br />
<br />
The day-to-day running of the party is handled by the Co-ordination Unit which oversees the administration and finances of the Society on a nationwide basis. It is led by three General Secretaries and contains several rotating members overall. The Co-ordination Unit is appointed by the Central Executive Committee. Members of the Society who sit in the Legislative Council form the Legislative Unit that coordinates party affairs between members of the Legislative Council. The members of all these branches are appointed by the Central Executive Committee who also appoint the leaders of regional party branches. Prospective candidates for elections are also approved by the Central Executive Committee via the Co-ordination Unit. Most policy within the Society is set by the Policy Unit, which is appointed by the Chairman. At a local level the Society is governed by prefectural branches which in turn are divided into municipal branches. <br />
<br />
In practice much of the organisation of the Regeneration Society is based on {{wp|guanxi}} networks between members of the Society and the public, with the Society relying on the personal loyalty of members and supporters to increase their own influence in the Society and maintain power, leading to accusations of {{wp|cronyism}} and {{wp|nepotism}} as well as factionalism being common. <br />
===Internal groupings===<br />
===Party chairman===<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! No.<br />
! width=150|Name<br /><small>(Born–Died)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! colspan=2|Term in Office<br />
! State position<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 1<br />
| [[Yuan Jiaxiang]]<br /><small>(1926-1994)</small> || [[File:Yuan Jiaxiang.png|60px]] || 12<sup>th</sup> July 1988 || 5<sup>th</sup> May 1994 || President of the Legislative Council<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 2<br />
| [[Han Guanzheng]]<br /><small>(1940-)</small> || [[File:Ху Цзиньтао 2017.jpg|60px]] || 5<sup>th</sup> May 1994 || 30<sup>th</sup> March 2007 || [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 3<br />
| [[Yuan Xiannian]]<br /><small>(1954-)</small> || [[File:Shinzō Abe 20060926.jpg|60px]] || 30<sup>th</sup> March 2007 || 18<sup>th</sup> June 2011 || [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 4<br />
| [[Xi Yaotang]]<br /><small>(1943-)</small> || [[File:Wen Jiabao 02.jpg|60px]] || 18<sup>th</sup> June 2011 || 19<sup>th</sup> June 2014 || [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 5<br />
| [[Jiang Zhongyu]]<br /><small>(1956 -)</small> || [[File:Xi Jinping portrait 2019 (cropped).jpg|60px]] || 19<sup>th</sup> June 2014 || 7<sup>th</sup> June 2022 || [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]<br>Coordinating Minister of International Relations<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 6<br />
| [[Wang Hongzhi]]<br /><small>(1952 -)</small> || [[File:Wang Yi 2014 (cropped).jpg|60px]] || 7<sup>th</sup> June 2022 || Incumbent || President of the Legislative Council<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
==Election results==<br />
[[Category:Xiaodong]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Society_for_Restoring_Benevolence&diff=750956Society for Restoring Benevolence2024-01-10T00:42:45Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political party <br />
|name = Society for Restoring Benevolence<br>仁者再生会<br><small>Rénzhě zàishēng huì</small><br />
|logo = [[File:Society for Restoring Benevolence logo.png|250px]]<br />
|colorcode =#DC143C<br />
|founder = [[Yuan Xiannian]]<br />
|slogan = <br />
|merger = <br />
|predecessor = <br />
|leader1_title = Chairman<br />
|leader1_name = [[Wang Hongzhi]]<br />
|leader2_title = Deputy Chairmen<br />
|leader2_name = [[Lu Qinqin]]<br>Xi Lejiang<br />
|leader3_title =<br />
|leader3_name =<br />
|leader4_title = <br />
|leader4_name = <br />
|founded = 12<sup>th</sup> July 1988<br />
|dissolved = <br />
|headquarters = 14 Donfang District, Rongzhuo<br />
|newspaper = Global Review<br />
|student_wing = <br />
|youth_wing = Nationalist Revivalist Front<br />
|ideology = [[National Principlism]]<br>[[Yuan Xiannian#Ideology and beliefs|Yuanism]]<br>{{wp|Neosocialism}}<br />
|position = {{Wp|Left-wing}}<ref group="a" name="Political position">The Society for Restoring Benevolence has been variously described as {{wp|left-wing}}, {{wp|far-left}} and left-conservative due to being considered to be {{wp|Social conservatism|right-wing on social issues}}.</ref><br />
|membership = 12 million{{increase}}<br />
|affiliation1_title = National affiliation<br />
|affiliation1 = Patriotic Alliance for a Harmonious Country<br />
|colors = {{color box|#DC143C}} Red<br />
|seats1_title = [[Legislative Council (Xiaodong)|Legislative Council]]<br />
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|515|750|hex=#DC143C}}<br />
|seats2_title = Seats in regional assemblies<br />
|seats2 ={{Composition bar|1836|2506|hex=#DC143C}}<br />
|seats3_title = [[State Presidium of Shangea|State Presidium]]<br />
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|6|10|hex=#DC143C}}<br />
|flag = <br />
|symbol = <br />
|website = <br />
|country = Shangea<br />
|footnotes = <references group="a"/><br />
}}<br />
The '''Society for Restoring Benevolence''' ({{Wp|Chinese language|Shangea}}: '''仁者再生会'''; ''Rénzhě zàishēng huì'') is a political party in [[Shangea]]. Since its creation in 1984 it has been the ruling party of Shangea representing the interests of senior governmental figures, big business and the state bureaucracy being supportive of [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]] [[Yuan Xiannian]] and his agenda.<br />
<br />
The Society for Restoring Benevolence is considered to be the spiritual successor of the [[Xiaodong Regeneration Society]], being often referred to as the "{{wp|party of power}}". The Society itself was created in March 1988 as an attempt to reintroduce the party state after the official non-partisanship of the Rejuvenation period. It seeks to promote the values of [[National Principlism]] and the "[[Corrective Revolution (Xiaodong)|Corrective Revolutionary spirit]]". <br />
<br />
The party has ruled Shangea as a {{wp|dominant-party state}} since its foundation in 1988, winning a legislative supermajority at the 2009 election and a simple majority at the 2014 election. The Society suffered a decline in support as a result of the [[2016-17 Shangean Protests]]. The 10<sup>th</sup> January snap elections in 2017 saw the Society and affiliated parties win an overwhelming majority in the Legislative Council in a result that was largely seen as rigged. The continuing protests and harsh suppression of them with the advent of the [[Normalisation (Shangea)|Normalisation]] process saw the party cement itself as the central organ of the Shangean state, a position it has continued to hold throughout the Yuan government. <br />
<br />
The Society states that it is a {{wp|socialism|socialist}} party which supports National Principlism, anti-imperialism and economic reformism. However most observers state that the party has no real ideology other then support for Yuan Xiannian and as such adopts similar policies to him such as promotion of nationalism and economic centralisation. The Society have support across most societal sectors having links with big business, the government bureaucracy and the military. As the "permanent party of government" the Society often resorts to a mixture of pragmatist and populist policies to the extent where critics contend that the party is largely non-ideological save for preserving statism. <br />
==History==<br />
===Formation===<br />
===Party of power===<br />
===Normalisation and its aftermath===<br />
==Ideology and policies==<br />
The Society for Restoring Benevolence officially ascribe to the ideology of [[National Principlism]] which advocates for economic modernisation, centralised political republicanism and social collectivism that aim to serve national rather than personal interest. In a general sense this is defined to encompasses {{wp|nationalism}}, {{wp|authoritarianism}}, {{wp|neosocialism}}, political [[Zohism]] and {{wp|social justice}} (although not in the modern meaning of the term). <br />
<br />
In practice, the Society often endorses the centralisation of state power, upholding of traditional culture and an archaic form of social justice. Key to the Society's policy making and ideology is the belief in authoritarian, top-down centralisation of power. National Principlism above all else endorses social stability and the role of an authoritarian, paternalistic state. As a result the Society remain sceptical of popular movements, and seek to maintain a low level of constant control of Shangean society. The Society is disapproving of an active civil society, but since democratic reforms Neo-National Principlists have aimed to fuse traditional paternalist authoritarianism with a form of "{{wp|Totalitarian democracy|authoritarian democracy}}" in which political participation is limited to elections alone. The Society's focus on social stability means that it endorses moderate social reform and the existence of a welfare state in order to prevent revolution and social collapse. The Society opposes market fundamentalism and individualism, seeing both as detrimental to the social cohesion of the nation. <br />
<br />
International paper ''Le Monde'' described National Principlism and the Society's adoption of it as being a practice "a way to justify a rigid, authoritarian state that seeks to control the lives of its citizens whilst maintaining a thin veneer of adherence to democratic principles". The Society is commonly considered ideologically to support the agenda of incumbent [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]] [[Yuan Xiannian]] sometimes being dubbed a {{wp|Personalism|personalist}} project. <br />
===Economic policy===<br />
The Society often uses socialist rhetoric and identifies its economic position as serving the people's and national welfare, rejecting capitalism as being unsuited to the national conditions of Shangea, and proposes instead "Shangean socialism" to deal with Shangean problems. The Society's socialist ideology has been defined as "{{wp|Neosocialism|neosocialist revisionism}}".<br />
<br />
In practice unlike their predecessor parties such as the [[Xiaodong Regeneration Society]] or the [[National Association for Progress]] the Society neither support a {{wp|command economy}} nor {{wp|economic liberalism}}. Rather they support a statist, regulatory approach to economic management championing a form of {{wp|East Asian model of capitalism|state-sponsored capitalism}} wherein the state would direct large monopolies through strategic {{wp|economic interventionism|interventions}}, with the intention to guide the economy to ensure the national interest was served. However, certain sectors, notably the financial sector, remain deregulated and direct taxes low. As well as this, the Society became very heavily in favour of free trade aggressively dismantling tariffs and encouraging foreign investment. Under Yuan, faith in the free market was replaced by a belief of Society policy makers that the state was necessary to ensure economic growth in key sectors and mitigate the downturns of free-market instability. Nevertheless, the Society reject {{wp|nationalisation}} and support the privatisation of state assets. In 2013 Yuan defined his economic strategy as encouraging investment through higher education and infrastructure spending, stability through economic interventions and tightly controlling the value of kuai, and liberalisation through massive privatisation and embracing free trade. Since 2017 however there has been a greater focus on {{wp|economic nationalism}} with the state expanding support for "national champions" whilst halting the privatisation process.<br />
<br />
The current economic program of the Society supports {{wp|East Asian model of capitalism|state-sponsored investment}}, {{wp|privatisation}} of state-owned assets, focus on {{wp|indirect taxation}} and export-based inflationary growth. <br />
===Historical Revisionism===<br />
As part of its {{wp|nationalism|nationalist}} ideology, the Society support {{wp|historical revisionism}} in regards to Shangeab history particularly the [[Senrian Genocide]]. The Society wholeheartedly reject the Treaty of Keishi which they deem illegitimate as it was signed by an [[Republic of Shangea|illegitimate government]] and was not done in fair terms. In particular, the Society have stated that Shangea does not bear responsibility for the war stating that the Senrian annexation of [[Sakata]] led to the conflict. The Society have also said that Shangea's imperialist ambitions were "less malicious" to those of [[Gaullica]], [[Estmere]], [[Etruria]] and [[Werania]] and that Shangea protected Coian nations such as [[Senria]] from [[Euclea]]n imperialism.<br />
<br />
In terms of the Senrian Genocide the Society have been unable to present a unified opinion on the matter. Officially they endorse [[Qian Xingwen]]'s 1987 declaration "''On the Subject of the Senrian War and its consequences''" admitted mass killing had taken place and apologised for civilian deaths, although Qian ruled out the possibility of reparations, stating the mass killings of civilians was simply part of the war and there was no "''policy of extermination''". Recently under Yuan Xiannian the Society has become more openly historical revisionist, with Yuan rejecting the possibility of a genocide as "''Senrian functionalist propaganda''". In 2016, Yuan stated Shangean war crimes were a "''detail of history''" and that "'', the Senrian claim that there was a pre-planned effort to kill civilians on a mass scale is absurd...why would a nation, especially one with as peaceful culture as Shangea, do such crimes?''". <br />
===Foreign policy===<br />
The Society aimed to maintain "''total independence''" in foreign affairs, and are critical of "''imperialist domination''". It has been the aim of the Society to create an alliance of Coian nations through both the [[Rongzhuo Strategic Protocol Organisation]] and the [[International Forum for Developing States]]. The Society officially endorse the [[Three Fundamentals]] - the isolation of Senria from international affairs, the maintenance of Shangea as a great power and the promotion of anti-imperialism. <br />
<br />
The Society have in recent years promoted {{wp|soft power}} positions such as increasing international aid, investing in developing countries, investing in Shangean culture and promoting it abroad through organisations such as the [[International Forum for Shangean Affairs]]. They additionally support the integration of [[Heijiang]] into Shangea.<br />
<br />
===Social policy===<br />
The Society oppose the legalisation of {{wp|same-sex marriage}} with critics accusing the Society of using {{wp|Homophobia|homophobic}} rhetoric. In 2021 the Society endorsed a law prohibiting LGBT+ representation in Shangean media.<br />
<br />
==Organisation==<br />
The highest ranking official within the Society for Restoring Benevolence is its Chairman (主席; Zhǔxí). The Chairman is the head of the Central Executive Committee (中央行政部门委员会; Zhōngyāng xíngzhèng bùmén wěiyuán huì) which is made up of 20 voting members and 5 non-voting members, acting as the supreme executive body within the Regeneration Society. The Central Executive Committee sets the policy of the party as well as oversee party affairs and appointments. The Central Executive Committee is appointed by the Chairman who is elected by the Regeneration Society Plenum (全会; Quánhuì) which meets every five years - as such the Chairman is allowed to run for unlimited five year terms. The Plenum is made up of delegates from regional Society branches who are picked by the Chairman, meaning the Chairman is always re-elected. The next party plenum is scheduled to take place in 2027. <br />
<br />
The day-to-day running of the party is handled by the Co-ordination Unit which oversees the administration and finances of the Society on a nationwide basis. It is led by three General Secretaries and contains several rotating members overall. The Co-ordination Unit is appointed by the Central Executive Committee. Members of the Society who sit in the Legislative Council form the Legislative Unit that coordinates party affairs between members of the Legislative Council. The members of all these branches are appointed by the Central Executive Committee who also appoint the leaders of regional party branches. Prospective candidates for elections are also approved by the Central Executive Committee via the Co-ordination Unit. Most policy within the Society is set by the Policy Unit, which is appointed by the Chairman. At a local level the Society is governed by prefectural branches which in turn are divided into municipal branches. <br />
<br />
In practice much of the organisation of the Regeneration Society is based on {{wp|guanxi}} networks between members of the Society and the public, with the Society relying on the personal loyalty of members and supporters to increase their own influence in the Society and maintain power, leading to accusations of {{wp|cronyism}} and {{wp|nepotism}} as well as factionalism being common. <br />
===Internal groupings===<br />
===Party chairman===<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! No.<br />
! width=150|Name<br /><small>(Born–Died)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! colspan=2|Term in Office<br />
! State position<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 1<br />
| [[Yuan Jiaxiang]]<br /><small>(1926-1994)</small> || [[File:Yuan Jiaxiang.png|60px]] || 12<sup>th</sup> July 1988 || 5<sup>th</sup> May 1994 || President of the Legislative Council<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 2<br />
| [[Han Guanzheng]]<br /><small>(1940-)</small> || [[File:Ху Цзиньтао 2017.jpg|60px]] || 5<sup>th</sup> May 1994 || 30<sup>th</sup> March 2007 || [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 3<br />
| [[Yuan Xiannian]]<br /><small>(1954-)</small> || [[File:Shinzō Abe 20060926.jpg|60px]] || 30<sup>th</sup> March 2007 || 18<sup>th</sup> June 2011 || [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 4<br />
| [[Xi Yaotang]]<br /><small>(1943-)</small> || [[File:Wen Jiabao 02.jpg|60px]] || 18<sup>th</sup> June 2011 || 19<sup>th</sup> June 2014 || [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 5<br />
| [[Jiang Zhongyu]]<br /><small>(1956 -)</small> || [[File:Xi Jinping portrait 2019 (cropped).jpg|60px]] || 19<sup>th</sup> June 2014 || 7<sup>th</sup> June 2022 || [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]<br>Coordinating Minister of International Relations<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 6<br />
| [[Wang Hongzhi]]<br /><small>(1952 -)</small> || [[File:Wang Yi 2014 (cropped).jpg|60px]] || 7<sup>th</sup> June 2022 || Incumbent || President of the Legislative Council<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
==Election results==<br />
[[Category:Xiaodong]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Society_for_Restoring_Benevolence&diff=750955Society for Restoring Benevolence2024-01-10T00:42:23Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political party <br />
|name = Society for Restoring Benevolence<br>仁者再生会<br><small>Rénzhě zàishēng huì</small><br />
|logo = [[File:Society for Restoring Benevolence logo.png|250px]]<br />
|colorcode =#DC143C<br />
|founder = [[Yuan Xiannian]]<br />
|slogan = <br />
|merger = <br />
|predecessor = <br />
|leader1_title = Chairman<br />
|leader1_name = [[Wang Hongzhi]]<br />
|leader2_title = Deputy Chairmen<br />
|leader2_name = [[Lu Qinqin]]<br>Xi Lejiang<br />
|leader3_title =<br />
|leader3_name =<br />
|leader4_title = <br />
|leader4_name = <br />
|founded = 12<sup>th</sup> July 1988<br />
|dissolved = <br />
|headquarters = 14 Donfang District, Rongzhuo<br />
|newspaper = Global Review<br />
|student_wing = <br />
|youth_wing = Nationalist Revivalist Front<br />
|ideology = [[National Principlism]]<br>{{wp|Neosocialism}}<br>[[Yuan Xiannian#Ideology and beliefs|Yuanism]]<br />
|position = {{Wp|Left-wing}}<ref group="a" name="Political position">The Society for Restoring Benevolence has been variously described as {{wp|left-wing}}, {{wp|far-left}} and left-conservative due to being considered to be {{wp|Social conservatism|right-wing on social issues}}.</ref><br />
|membership = 12 million{{increase}}<br />
|affiliation1_title = National affiliation<br />
|affiliation1 = Patriotic Alliance for a Harmonious Country<br />
|colors = {{color box|#DC143C}} Red<br />
|seats1_title = [[Legislative Council (Xiaodong)|Legislative Council]]<br />
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|515|750|hex=#DC143C}}<br />
|seats2_title = Seats in regional assemblies<br />
|seats2 ={{Composition bar|1836|2506|hex=#DC143C}}<br />
|seats3_title = [[State Presidium of Shangea|State Presidium]]<br />
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|6|10|hex=#DC143C}}<br />
|flag = <br />
|symbol = <br />
|website = <br />
|country = Shangea<br />
|footnotes = <references group="a"/><br />
}}<br />
The '''Society for Restoring Benevolence''' ({{Wp|Chinese language|Shangea}}: '''仁者再生会'''; ''Rénzhě zàishēng huì'') is a political party in [[Shangea]]. Since its creation in 1984 it has been the ruling party of Shangea representing the interests of senior governmental figures, big business and the state bureaucracy being supportive of [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]] [[Yuan Xiannian]] and his agenda.<br />
<br />
The Society for Restoring Benevolence is considered to be the spiritual successor of the [[Xiaodong Regeneration Society]], being often referred to as the "{{wp|party of power}}". The Society itself was created in March 1988 as an attempt to reintroduce the party state after the official non-partisanship of the Rejuvenation period. It seeks to promote the values of [[National Principlism]] and the "[[Corrective Revolution (Xiaodong)|Corrective Revolutionary spirit]]". <br />
<br />
The party has ruled Shangea as a {{wp|dominant-party state}} since its foundation in 1988, winning a legislative supermajority at the 2009 election and a simple majority at the 2014 election. The Society suffered a decline in support as a result of the [[2016-17 Shangean Protests]]. The 10<sup>th</sup> January snap elections in 2017 saw the Society and affiliated parties win an overwhelming majority in the Legislative Council in a result that was largely seen as rigged. The continuing protests and harsh suppression of them with the advent of the [[Normalisation (Shangea)|Normalisation]] process saw the party cement itself as the central organ of the Shangean state, a position it has continued to hold throughout the Yuan government. <br />
<br />
The Society states that it is a {{wp|socialism|socialist}} party which supports National Principlism, anti-imperialism and economic reformism. However most observers state that the party has no real ideology other then support for Yuan Xiannian and as such adopts similar policies to him such as promotion of nationalism and economic centralisation. The Society have support across most societal sectors having links with big business, the government bureaucracy and the military. As the "permanent party of government" the Society often resorts to a mixture of pragmatist and populist policies to the extent where critics contend that the party is largely non-ideological save for preserving statism. <br />
==History==<br />
===Formation===<br />
===Party of power===<br />
===Normalisation and its aftermath===<br />
==Ideology and policies==<br />
The Society for Restoring Benevolence officially ascribe to the ideology of [[National Principlism]] which advocates for economic modernisation, centralised political republicanism and social collectivism that aim to serve national rather than personal interest. In a general sense this is defined to encompasses {{wp|nationalism}}, {{wp|authoritarianism}}, {{wp|neosocialism}}, political [[Zohism]] and {{wp|social justice}} (although not in the modern meaning of the term). <br />
<br />
In practice, the Society often endorses the centralisation of state power, upholding of traditional culture and an archaic form of social justice. Key to the Society's policy making and ideology is the belief in authoritarian, top-down centralisation of power. National Principlism above all else endorses social stability and the role of an authoritarian, paternalistic state. As a result the Society remain sceptical of popular movements, and seek to maintain a low level of constant control of Shangean society. The Society is disapproving of an active civil society, but since democratic reforms Neo-National Principlists have aimed to fuse traditional paternalist authoritarianism with a form of "{{wp|Totalitarian democracy|authoritarian democracy}}" in which political participation is limited to elections alone. The Society's focus on social stability means that it endorses moderate social reform and the existence of a welfare state in order to prevent revolution and social collapse. The Society opposes market fundamentalism and individualism, seeing both as detrimental to the social cohesion of the nation. <br />
<br />
International paper ''Le Monde'' described National Principlism and the Society's adoption of it as being a practice "a way to justify a rigid, authoritarian state that seeks to control the lives of its citizens whilst maintaining a thin veneer of adherence to democratic principles". The Society is commonly considered ideologically to support the agenda of incumbent [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]] [[Yuan Xiannian]] sometimes being dubbed a {{wp|Personalism|personalist}} project. <br />
===Economic policy===<br />
The Society often uses socialist rhetoric and identifies its economic position as serving the people's and national welfare, rejecting capitalism as being unsuited to the national conditions of Shangea, and proposes instead "Shangean socialism" to deal with Shangean problems. The Society's socialist ideology has been defined as "{{wp|Neosocialism|neosocialist revisionism}}".<br />
<br />
In practice unlike their predecessor parties such as the [[Xiaodong Regeneration Society]] or the [[National Association for Progress]] the Society neither support a {{wp|command economy}} nor {{wp|economic liberalism}}. Rather they support a statist, regulatory approach to economic management championing a form of {{wp|East Asian model of capitalism|state-sponsored capitalism}} wherein the state would direct large monopolies through strategic {{wp|economic interventionism|interventions}}, with the intention to guide the economy to ensure the national interest was served. However, certain sectors, notably the financial sector, remain deregulated and direct taxes low. As well as this, the Society became very heavily in favour of free trade aggressively dismantling tariffs and encouraging foreign investment. Under Yuan, faith in the free market was replaced by a belief of Society policy makers that the state was necessary to ensure economic growth in key sectors and mitigate the downturns of free-market instability. Nevertheless, the Society reject {{wp|nationalisation}} and support the privatisation of state assets. In 2013 Yuan defined his economic strategy as encouraging investment through higher education and infrastructure spending, stability through economic interventions and tightly controlling the value of kuai, and liberalisation through massive privatisation and embracing free trade. Since 2017 however there has been a greater focus on {{wp|economic nationalism}} with the state expanding support for "national champions" whilst halting the privatisation process.<br />
<br />
The current economic program of the Society supports {{wp|East Asian model of capitalism|state-sponsored investment}}, {{wp|privatisation}} of state-owned assets, focus on {{wp|indirect taxation}} and export-based inflationary growth. <br />
===Historical Revisionism===<br />
As part of its {{wp|nationalism|nationalist}} ideology, the Society support {{wp|historical revisionism}} in regards to Shangeab history particularly the [[Senrian Genocide]]. The Society wholeheartedly reject the Treaty of Keishi which they deem illegitimate as it was signed by an [[Republic of Shangea|illegitimate government]] and was not done in fair terms. In particular, the Society have stated that Shangea does not bear responsibility for the war stating that the Senrian annexation of [[Sakata]] led to the conflict. The Society have also said that Shangea's imperialist ambitions were "less malicious" to those of [[Gaullica]], [[Estmere]], [[Etruria]] and [[Werania]] and that Shangea protected Coian nations such as [[Senria]] from [[Euclea]]n imperialism.<br />
<br />
In terms of the Senrian Genocide the Society have been unable to present a unified opinion on the matter. Officially they endorse [[Qian Xingwen]]'s 1987 declaration "''On the Subject of the Senrian War and its consequences''" admitted mass killing had taken place and apologised for civilian deaths, although Qian ruled out the possibility of reparations, stating the mass killings of civilians was simply part of the war and there was no "''policy of extermination''". Recently under Yuan Xiannian the Society has become more openly historical revisionist, with Yuan rejecting the possibility of a genocide as "''Senrian functionalist propaganda''". In 2016, Yuan stated Shangean war crimes were a "''detail of history''" and that "'', the Senrian claim that there was a pre-planned effort to kill civilians on a mass scale is absurd...why would a nation, especially one with as peaceful culture as Shangea, do such crimes?''". <br />
===Foreign policy===<br />
The Society aimed to maintain "''total independence''" in foreign affairs, and are critical of "''imperialist domination''". It has been the aim of the Society to create an alliance of Coian nations through both the [[Rongzhuo Strategic Protocol Organisation]] and the [[International Forum for Developing States]]. The Society officially endorse the [[Three Fundamentals]] - the isolation of Senria from international affairs, the maintenance of Shangea as a great power and the promotion of anti-imperialism. <br />
<br />
The Society have in recent years promoted {{wp|soft power}} positions such as increasing international aid, investing in developing countries, investing in Shangean culture and promoting it abroad through organisations such as the [[International Forum for Shangean Affairs]]. They additionally support the integration of [[Heijiang]] into Shangea.<br />
<br />
===Social policy===<br />
The Society oppose the legalisation of {{wp|same-sex marriage}} with critics accusing the Society of using {{wp|Homophobia|homophobic}} rhetoric. In 2021 the Society endorsed a law prohibiting LGBT+ representation in Shangean media.<br />
<br />
==Organisation==<br />
The highest ranking official within the Society for Restoring Benevolence is its Chairman (主席; Zhǔxí). The Chairman is the head of the Central Executive Committee (中央行政部门委员会; Zhōngyāng xíngzhèng bùmén wěiyuán huì) which is made up of 20 voting members and 5 non-voting members, acting as the supreme executive body within the Regeneration Society. The Central Executive Committee sets the policy of the party as well as oversee party affairs and appointments. The Central Executive Committee is appointed by the Chairman who is elected by the Regeneration Society Plenum (全会; Quánhuì) which meets every five years - as such the Chairman is allowed to run for unlimited five year terms. The Plenum is made up of delegates from regional Society branches who are picked by the Chairman, meaning the Chairman is always re-elected. The next party plenum is scheduled to take place in 2027. <br />
<br />
The day-to-day running of the party is handled by the Co-ordination Unit which oversees the administration and finances of the Society on a nationwide basis. It is led by three General Secretaries and contains several rotating members overall. The Co-ordination Unit is appointed by the Central Executive Committee. Members of the Society who sit in the Legislative Council form the Legislative Unit that coordinates party affairs between members of the Legislative Council. The members of all these branches are appointed by the Central Executive Committee who also appoint the leaders of regional party branches. Prospective candidates for elections are also approved by the Central Executive Committee via the Co-ordination Unit. Most policy within the Society is set by the Policy Unit, which is appointed by the Chairman. At a local level the Society is governed by prefectural branches which in turn are divided into municipal branches. <br />
<br />
In practice much of the organisation of the Regeneration Society is based on {{wp|guanxi}} networks between members of the Society and the public, with the Society relying on the personal loyalty of members and supporters to increase their own influence in the Society and maintain power, leading to accusations of {{wp|cronyism}} and {{wp|nepotism}} as well as factionalism being common. <br />
===Internal groupings===<br />
===Party chairman===<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! No.<br />
! width=150|Name<br /><small>(Born–Died)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! colspan=2|Term in Office<br />
! State position<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 1<br />
| [[Yuan Jiaxiang]]<br /><small>(1926-1994)</small> || [[File:Yuan Jiaxiang.png|60px]] || 12<sup>th</sup> July 1988 || 5<sup>th</sup> May 1994 || President of the Legislative Council<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 2<br />
| [[Han Guanzheng]]<br /><small>(1940-)</small> || [[File:Ху Цзиньтао 2017.jpg|60px]] || 5<sup>th</sup> May 1994 || 30<sup>th</sup> March 2007 || [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 3<br />
| [[Yuan Xiannian]]<br /><small>(1954-)</small> || [[File:Shinzō Abe 20060926.jpg|60px]] || 30<sup>th</sup> March 2007 || 18<sup>th</sup> June 2011 || [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 4<br />
| [[Xi Yaotang]]<br /><small>(1943-)</small> || [[File:Wen Jiabao 02.jpg|60px]] || 18<sup>th</sup> June 2011 || 19<sup>th</sup> June 2014 || [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 5<br />
| [[Jiang Zhongyu]]<br /><small>(1956 -)</small> || [[File:Xi Jinping portrait 2019 (cropped).jpg|60px]] || 19<sup>th</sup> June 2014 || 7<sup>th</sup> June 2022 || [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]<br>Coordinating Minister of International Relations<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 6<br />
| [[Wang Hongzhi]]<br /><small>(1952 -)</small> || [[File:Wang Yi 2014 (cropped).jpg|60px]] || 7<sup>th</sup> June 2022 || Incumbent || President of the Legislative Council<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
==Election results==<br />
[[Category:Xiaodong]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Society_for_Restoring_Benevolence&diff=750953Society for Restoring Benevolence2024-01-10T00:41:24Z<p>Britbong64: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political party <br />
|name = Society for Restoring Benevolence<br>仁者再生会<br><small>Rénzhě zàishēng huì</small><br />
|logo = [[File:Society for Restoring Benevolence logo.png|250px]]<br />
|colorcode =#DC143C<br />
|founder = [[Yuan Xiannian]]<br />
|slogan = <br />
|merger = <br />
|predecessor = <br />
|leader1_title = Chairman<br />
|leader1_name = [[Wang Hongzhi]]<br />
|leader2_title = Deputy Chairmen<br />
|leader2_name = [[Lu Qinqin]]<br>Xi Lejiang<br />
|leader3_title =<br />
|leader3_name =<br />
|leader4_title = <br />
|leader4_name = <br />
|founded = 12<sup>th</sup> July 1988<br />
|dissolved = <br />
|headquarters = 14 Donfang District, Rongzhuo<br />
|newspaper = Global Review<br />
|student_wing = <br />
|youth_wing = Nationalist Revivalist Front<br />
|ideology = [[National Principlism]]<Br>[[Shangean nationalism]]<Br>{{wp|Neosocialism}}<br>{{wp|Economic nationalism}}<br>[[Yuan Xiannian#Ideology and beliefs|Yuanism]]<br />
|position = {{Wp|Left-wing}}<ref group="A" name="Political position">The Society for Restoring Benevolence has been variously described as {{wp|left-wing}}, {{wp|far-left}} and left-conservative due to being considered to be {{wp|Social conservatism|right-wing on social issues}}.</ref><br />
|membership = 12 million{{increase}}<br />
|affiliation1_title = National affiliation<br />
|affiliation1 = Patriotic Alliance for a Harmonious Country<br />
|colors = {{color box|#DC143C}} Red<br />
|seats1_title = [[Legislative Council (Xiaodong)|Legislative Council]]<br />
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|515|750|hex=#DC143C}}<br />
|seats2_title = Seats in regional assemblies<br />
|seats2 ={{Composition bar|1836|2506|hex=#DC143C}}<br />
|seats3_title = [[State Presidium of Shangea|State Presidium]]<br />
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|6|10|hex=#DC143C}}<br />
|flag = <br />
|symbol = <br />
|website = <br />
|country = Shangea<br />
|footnotes = <references group="A"/><br />
}}<br />
The '''Society for Restoring Benevolence''' ({{Wp|Chinese language|Shangea}}: '''仁者再生会'''; ''Rénzhě zàishēng huì'') is a political party in [[Shangea]]. Since its creation in 1984 it has been the ruling party of Shangea representing the interests of senior governmental figures, big business and the state bureaucracy being supportive of [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]] [[Yuan Xiannian]] and his agenda.<br />
<br />
The Society for Restoring Benevolence is considered to be the spiritual successor of the [[Xiaodong Regeneration Society]], being often referred to as the "{{wp|party of power}}". The Society itself was created in March 1988 as an attempt to reintroduce the party state after the official non-partisanship of the Rejuvenation period. It seeks to promote the values of [[National Principlism]] and the "[[Corrective Revolution (Xiaodong)|Corrective Revolutionary spirit]]". <br />
<br />
The party has ruled Shangea as a {{wp|dominant-party state}} since its foundation in 1988, winning a legislative supermajority at the 2009 election and a simple majority at the 2014 election. The Society suffered a decline in support as a result of the [[2016-17 Shangean Protests]]. The 10<sup>th</sup> January snap elections in 2017 saw the Society and affiliated parties win an overwhelming majority in the Legislative Council in a result that was largely seen as rigged. The continuing protests and harsh suppression of them with the advent of the [[Normalisation (Shangea)|Normalisation]] process saw the party cement itself as the central organ of the Shangean state, a position it has continued to hold throughout the Yuan government. <br />
<br />
The Society states that it is a {{wp|socialism|socialist}} party which supports National Principlism, anti-imperialism and economic reformism. However most observers state that the party has no real ideology other then support for Yuan Xiannian and as such adopts similar policies to him such as promotion of nationalism and economic centralisation. The Society have support across most societal sectors having links with big business, the government bureaucracy and the military. As the "permanent party of government" the Society often resorts to a mixture of pragmatist and populist policies to the extent where critics contend that the party is largely non-ideological save for preserving statism. <br />
==History==<br />
===Formation===<br />
===Party of power===<br />
===Normalisation and its aftermath===<br />
==Ideology and policies==<br />
The Society for Restoring Benevolence officially ascribe to the ideology of [[National Principlism]] which advocates for economic modernisation, centralised political republicanism and social collectivism that aim to serve national rather than personal interest. In a general sense this is defined to encompasses {{wp|nationalism}}, {{wp|authoritarianism}}, {{wp|neosocialism}}, political [[Zohism]] and {{wp|social justice}} (although not in the modern meaning of the term). <br />
<br />
In practice, the Society often endorses the centralisation of state power, upholding of traditional culture and an archaic form of social justice. Key to the Society's policy making and ideology is the belief in authoritarian, top-down centralisation of power. National Principlism above all else endorses social stability and the role of an authoritarian, paternalistic state. As a result the Society remain sceptical of popular movements, and seek to maintain a low level of constant control of Shangean society. The Society is disapproving of an active civil society, but since democratic reforms Neo-National Principlists have aimed to fuse traditional paternalist authoritarianism with a form of "{{wp|Totalitarian democracy|authoritarian democracy}}" in which political participation is limited to elections alone. The Society's focus on social stability means that it endorses moderate social reform and the existence of a welfare state in order to prevent revolution and social collapse. The Society opposes market fundamentalism and individualism, seeing both as detrimental to the social cohesion of the nation. <br />
<br />
International paper ''Le Monde'' described National Principlism and the Society's adoption of it as being a practice "a way to justify a rigid, authoritarian state that seeks to control the lives of its citizens whilst maintaining a thin veneer of adherence to democratic principles". The Society is commonly considered ideologically to support the agenda of incumbent [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]] [[Yuan Xiannian]] sometimes being dubbed a {{wp|Personalism|personalist}} project. <br />
===Economic policy===<br />
The Society often uses socialist rhetoric and identifies its economic position as serving the people's and national welfare, rejecting capitalism as being unsuited to the national conditions of Shangea, and proposes instead "Shangean socialism" to deal with Shangean problems. The Society's socialist ideology has been defined as "{{wp|Neosocialism|neosocialist revisionism}}".<br />
<br />
In practice unlike their predecessor parties such as the [[Xiaodong Regeneration Society]] or the [[National Association for Progress]] the Society neither support a {{wp|command economy}} nor {{wp|economic liberalism}}. Rather they support a statist, regulatory approach to economic management championing a form of {{wp|East Asian model of capitalism|state-sponsored capitalism}} wherein the state would direct large monopolies through strategic {{wp|economic interventionism|interventions}}, with the intention to guide the economy to ensure the national interest was served. However, certain sectors, notably the financial sector, remain deregulated and direct taxes low. As well as this, the Society became very heavily in favour of free trade aggressively dismantling tariffs and encouraging foreign investment. Under Yuan, faith in the free market was replaced by a belief of Society policy makers that the state was necessary to ensure economic growth in key sectors and mitigate the downturns of free-market instability. Nevertheless, the Society reject {{wp|nationalisation}} and support the privatisation of state assets. In 2013 Yuan defined his economic strategy as encouraging investment through higher education and infrastructure spending, stability through economic interventions and tightly controlling the value of kuai, and liberalisation through massive privatisation and embracing free trade. Since 2017 however there has been a greater focus on {{wp|economic nationalism}} with the state expanding support for "national champions" whilst halting the privatisation process.<br />
<br />
The current economic program of the Society supports {{wp|East Asian model of capitalism|state-sponsored investment}}, {{wp|privatisation}} of state-owned assets, focus on {{wp|indirect taxation}} and export-based inflationary growth. <br />
===Historical Revisionism===<br />
As part of its {{wp|nationalism|nationalist}} ideology, the Society support {{wp|historical revisionism}} in regards to Shangeab history particularly the [[Senrian Genocide]]. The Society wholeheartedly reject the Treaty of Keishi which they deem illegitimate as it was signed by an [[Republic of Shangea|illegitimate government]] and was not done in fair terms. In particular, the Society have stated that Shangea does not bear responsibility for the war stating that the Senrian annexation of [[Sakata]] led to the conflict. The Society have also said that Shangea's imperialist ambitions were "less malicious" to those of [[Gaullica]], [[Estmere]], [[Etruria]] and [[Werania]] and that Shangea protected Coian nations such as [[Senria]] from [[Euclea]]n imperialism.<br />
<br />
In terms of the Senrian Genocide the Society have been unable to present a unified opinion on the matter. Officially they endorse [[Qian Xingwen]]'s 1987 declaration "''On the Subject of the Senrian War and its consequences''" admitted mass killing had taken place and apologised for civilian deaths, although Qian ruled out the possibility of reparations, stating the mass killings of civilians was simply part of the war and there was no "''policy of extermination''". Recently under Yuan Xiannian the Society has become more openly historical revisionist, with Yuan rejecting the possibility of a genocide as "''Senrian functionalist propaganda''". In 2016, Yuan stated Shangean war crimes were a "''detail of history''" and that "'', the Senrian claim that there was a pre-planned effort to kill civilians on a mass scale is absurd...why would a nation, especially one with as peaceful culture as Shangea, do such crimes?''". <br />
===Foreign policy===<br />
The Society aimed to maintain "''total independence''" in foreign affairs, and are critical of "''imperialist domination''". It has been the aim of the Society to create an alliance of Coian nations through both the [[Rongzhuo Strategic Protocol Organisation]] and the [[International Forum for Developing States]]. The Society officially endorse the [[Three Fundamentals]] - the isolation of Senria from international affairs, the maintenance of Shangea as a great power and the promotion of anti-imperialism. <br />
<br />
The Society have in recent years promoted {{wp|soft power}} positions such as increasing international aid, investing in developing countries, investing in Shangean culture and promoting it abroad through organisations such as the [[International Forum for Shangean Affairs]]. They additionally support the integration of [[Heijiang]] into Shangea.<br />
<br />
===Social policy===<br />
The Society oppose the legalisation of {{wp|same-sex marriage}} with critics accusing the Society of using {{wp|Homophobia|homophobic}} rhetoric. In 2021 the Society endorsed a law prohibiting LGBT+ representation in Shangean media.<br />
<br />
==Organisation==<br />
The highest ranking official within the Society for Restoring Benevolence is its Chairman (主席; Zhǔxí). The Chairman is the head of the Central Executive Committee (中央行政部门委员会; Zhōngyāng xíngzhèng bùmén wěiyuán huì) which is made up of 20 voting members and 5 non-voting members, acting as the supreme executive body within the Regeneration Society. The Central Executive Committee sets the policy of the party as well as oversee party affairs and appointments. The Central Executive Committee is appointed by the Chairman who is elected by the Regeneration Society Plenum (全会; Quánhuì) which meets every five years - as such the Chairman is allowed to run for unlimited five year terms. The Plenum is made up of delegates from regional Society branches who are picked by the Chairman, meaning the Chairman is always re-elected. The next party plenum is scheduled to take place in 2027. <br />
<br />
The day-to-day running of the party is handled by the Co-ordination Unit which oversees the administration and finances of the Society on a nationwide basis. It is led by three General Secretaries and contains several rotating members overall. The Co-ordination Unit is appointed by the Central Executive Committee. Members of the Society who sit in the Legislative Council form the Legislative Unit that coordinates party affairs between members of the Legislative Council. The members of all these branches are appointed by the Central Executive Committee who also appoint the leaders of regional party branches. Prospective candidates for elections are also approved by the Central Executive Committee via the Co-ordination Unit. Most policy within the Society is set by the Policy Unit, which is appointed by the Chairman. At a local level the Society is governed by prefectural branches which in turn are divided into municipal branches. <br />
<br />
In practice much of the organisation of the Regeneration Society is based on {{wp|guanxi}} networks between members of the Society and the public, with the Society relying on the personal loyalty of members and supporters to increase their own influence in the Society and maintain power, leading to accusations of {{wp|cronyism}} and {{wp|nepotism}} as well as factionalism being common. <br />
===Internal groupings===<br />
===Party chairman===<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! No.<br />
! width=150|Name<br /><small>(Born–Died)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! colspan=2|Term in Office<br />
! State position<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 1<br />
| [[Yuan Jiaxiang]]<br /><small>(1926-1994)</small> || [[File:Yuan Jiaxiang.png|60px]] || 12<sup>th</sup> July 1988 || 5<sup>th</sup> May 1994 || President of the Legislative Council<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 2<br />
| [[Han Guanzheng]]<br /><small>(1940-)</small> || [[File:Ху Цзиньтао 2017.jpg|60px]] || 5<sup>th</sup> May 1994 || 30<sup>th</sup> March 2007 || [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 3<br />
| [[Yuan Xiannian]]<br /><small>(1954-)</small> || [[File:Shinzō Abe 20060926.jpg|60px]] || 30<sup>th</sup> March 2007 || 18<sup>th</sup> June 2011 || [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 4<br />
| [[Xi Yaotang]]<br /><small>(1943-)</small> || [[File:Wen Jiabao 02.jpg|60px]] || 18<sup>th</sup> June 2011 || 19<sup>th</sup> June 2014 || [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 5<br />
| [[Jiang Zhongyu]]<br /><small>(1956 -)</small> || [[File:Xi Jinping portrait 2019 (cropped).jpg|60px]] || 19<sup>th</sup> June 2014 || 7<sup>th</sup> June 2022 || [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]<br>Coordinating Minister of International Relations<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#DC143C; color:white;"| 6<br />
| [[Wang Hongzhi]]<br /><small>(1952 -)</small> || [[File:Wang Yi 2014 (cropped).jpg|60px]] || 7<sup>th</sup> June 2022 || Incumbent || President of the Legislative Council<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
==Election results==<br />
[[Category:Xiaodong]]</div>Britbong64https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=List_of_premiers_of_Werania&diff=747994List of premiers of Werania2023-12-30T16:49:41Z<p>Britbong64: /* List */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=300 <br />
| image1 = Graf Clemens Metternich.jpg|alt1=Portrait of Ulrich von Bayrhoffer<br />
| image2 = Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk portrait.jpg|alt2=Portrait of Otto Röttgen<br />
| image3 = Angela Merkel Juli 2010 - 3zu4(cropped).jpg|alt3=Portrait of Rasa Šimonytė<br />
| image4 = Emmanuel Macron (24144565957).jpg|alt4=Portrait of Anton Raicevich<br />
| footer = {{bulleted list<br />
| Top left: [[Ulrich von Bayrhoffer]] became the first premier of Werania in 1842 and the held the office on two separate occassions.<br />
| Top right: [[Otto Röttgen]] was premier from 1932 to 1937, leading the country through the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]].<br />
| Bottom left: [[Rasa Šimonytė]] was the first female premier and currently is the longest serving premier holding office from 1999 to 2009. <br />
| Bottom right: [[Anton Raicevich]] is the current premier having held office since 2022.}}<br />
}} <br />
<br />
The '''[[Premier of Werania|Federal Premier of the Weranian Confederation]]''' ({{wp|German language|Weranian}}: '''Bundesministerpräsident der Ostischen Bund''') has been the {{wp|head of government}} of Werania since the unification of [[Werania]] in 1842. There has been 44 premier since that date. The first Premier of Werania, [[Ulrich von Bayrhoffer]], was formerly the Minister-President of [[Cislania]] before becoming the first Weranian Premier. The Weranian Premier prior to the 1900's was able to govern solely with the consent of the monarch, with the inaugural monarch [[Rudolf VI of Werania|Rudolf VI]] controlling the nomination of the Premier. Since then the position has been solely responsible to the Bundestag completing a shift from a strong monarchy to a strong parliamentary system. <br />
<br />
The longest serving Premier is [[Rasa Šimonytė]] who served for 10 years, 1 month and 24 days from 1999 to 2009. The shortest serving Premier is [[Johannes von Günther]] who served for 2 months and 21 days in 1950. The current Premier is [[Anton Raicevich]] of the [[National Consolidation Party]] who has been in office since July 2022. <br />
<br />
There has been two female Premiers (Šimonytė and [[Emilia Koopmann]]) and three Ruttish ones ([[Ažuolas Kuzmickas]], [[Renatas Vinkauskas]] and Šimonytė). Two Premiers have died in office (the [[Franz Joseph, Prince of Oppolzer|Prince of Oppolzer]] and [[Xaver von Aehrenthal]]). Six Premiers have served non-consecutive terms (von Bayrhoffer, [[Ferdinand Karl von Schönborn-Buchheim]], [[Ludwig Gustav von Middendorff]], [[Joachim Schwarzenberg]], von Aehrenthal, [[Casper von Kléber]] and [[Walther von Pittermann]]). <br />
<br />
If the premier is incapacitated they are replaced with the vice-premier. If the vice-premier is also unavailable the monarch may pick a senior minister or legislator to serve as a caretaker until the Bundestag picks a permanent replacement for the premier. <br />
<br />
Since 1957, all premiers have come either from the [[National Consolidation Party]] or the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]]. <br />
==List==<br />
'''Political Parties:'''<br><br />
{{legend2|#dddddd|{{wp|Independent (politics)|Nonpartisan}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#48A5EE|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|Liberal Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#FAA61A|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|Catholic Social Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#a672a6|[[Radical Party (Werania)|Radicals]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#F0001C|[[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#ED1651|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#EB7A43|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Werania)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]}}<br>{{legend2|#FF6A00|[[National Consolidation Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{{legend2|#ED1651|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! {{Abbr|No.|Number}}<br />
! width=5%| Portrait<br />
! width=10%| Name<br />
! Took office<br />
! Left office<br />
! Days<br />
! Election<br />
! Political Party<br />
! [[List of heads of state of Werania|Monarch]]<br />{{small|(Reign)}}<br />
|-<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|1<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Hw-metternich.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Prince}}<br>[[Ulrich von Bayrhoffer]]<br/><small>(1786-1862)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1842<br />
|5<sup>th</sup> April 1845<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1842|03|17|1845|04|05}}<br />
| [[1843 Weranian federal election|1842]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|rowspan="5"| [[Rudolf VI of Werania|Rudolf VI]]<br />[[File:Rudolf VI.jpg|70px]]<br />{{small|(1845-1850)}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Considered to be one of the key figures behind the unification of Werania, von Bayrhoffer dominated the early politics of the new state mentoring Emperor Sigismund. In internal affairs he promoted conservative reforms, extending the suffrage in 1846 but strengthening the power of the monarchy. In international affairs he aligned with the {{Wp|Pan-Germanism|pan-Weranicists}} pursuing an aggressive policy in annexing smaller Weranic state. He was dismissed in 1845 due to his aggressive foreign policy being seen as threatening to the Weranian-Estmerish alliance.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#dddddd; color:white;" rowspan="2"|2<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Anton von Reuss.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|General officer|General}}<br>[[Anton von Reuss]]<br/><small>(1796-1861)<br />
|5<sup>th</sup> April 1845<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1848<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1845|04|05|1848|03|17}}<br />
| [[1846 Weranian federal election|1846]]<br />
|{{wp|Independent (politics)|Nonpartisan}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A war hero from the [[Weranian War for Unification]] von Reuss assembled a largely conservative cabinet, although continued to rely on the pan-Weranicists to govern. His government pursued a more peaceful and less aggressive foreign policy with Werania's neighbours, in particularly with Estmere. He resigned due to fustration with dealing with parliament.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#dddddd; color:white;" rowspan="2"|3<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bilderrevolution0237.jpg|80px]]<br />
| rowspan="2"|{{wp|Count}}<br>[[Ferdinand Karl von Schönborn-Buchheim]]<br/><small>(1805-1863)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1848<br />
|8<sup>th</sup> June 1850<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1848|03|17|1850|06|08}}<br />
| -<br />
|{{wp|Independent (politics)|Nonpartisan}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|{{small|Appointed following von Reuss's resignation von Schönborn-Buchheim continued his moderate policies. Following the coronation of Adalbert as head of state von Schönborn-Buchheim was forced to depart from the premiership as Adalbert, considered to be closer to the pan-Weranicists, brought back von Bayrhoffer.}}<br />
|rowspan="40"| [[Adalbert of Werania|Adalbert]]<br />[[File:War diary of an American woman to the proclamation of the holy war, 1914 (1915) (14593833329).jpg|70px]]<br />{{small|(1850-1913)}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(1)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Hw-metternich.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Prince}}<br>[[Ulrich von Bayrhoffer]]<br/><small>(1786-1862)<br />
|8<sup>th</sup> June 1850<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> May 1856<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1850|06|08|1856|05|24}}<br />
| [[1850 Weranian federal election|1850]], [[1855 Weranian federal election|1855]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Returning to office, von Bayrhoffer promoted an aggressive foreign policy and a renewal in pan-Weranic sentiments to deal with an increasingly radical opposition in the country. In 1852 he led Werania into the [[War of the Triple Alliance]] in an attempt to unify the Weranian lands of [[Valduvia]] into Werania. The resulting war was a victory for Werania which gained the Zinnbage basin and Ruttland from Valduvian. However von Bayrhoffer was forced to resign after a failed revolution by former Septemeberist leader Sebastian Mertz led to a collapse in support for his cabinet.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#dddddd; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(3)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bilderrevolution0237.jpg|80px]]<br />
| rowspan="2"|{{wp|Count}}<br>[[Ferdinand Karl von Schönborn-Buchheim]]<br/><small>(1805-1863)<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> May 1856<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> October 1860<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1856|05|24|1860|10|07}}<br />
| [[1859 Weranian federal election|1859]]<br />
| {{wp|Independent (politics)|Nonpartisan}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|{{small|Appointed following von Bayrhoffer's ousting, von Schönborn-Buchheim commanded little authority with Emperor Adalbert taking an increasing role in state governance. Von Schönborn-Buchheim resigned in 1860 following the failure of his budget to pass through the Bundestag.}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|4<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha - Project Gutenberg etext 13103.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{wp|Prince}}<br>[[Franz Joseph, Prince of Oppolzer]]<br/><small>(1810-1874)<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> October 1860<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> March 1869<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1860|10|07|1869|03|14}}<br />
| [[1863 Weranian federal election|1863]], [[1867 Weranian federal election|1867]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The Prince of Oppolzer significantly expanded the franchise and liberalised tariffs on various agricultural goods. In foreign policy he attempted to deepen an alliance between Werania and [[Etruria]] alongside being a staunch advocate for Weranian imperialism abroad. He died in office in 1869.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|5<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust 1860.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Earl}}<br>[[Ludwig Gustav von Middendorff]]<br/><small>(1816-1880)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> March 1869<br />
|26<sup>th</sup> June 1870<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1869|03|14|1870|06|26}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A member of the Weranic-Ruttish nobility von Middendorff's cabinet fell in 1869 when a proposal to extend the vote to the "respectable working class" led to heated opposition within the Bundestag.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|6<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Kolowrat.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{wp|Viscount}}<br>[[Johann Franz von Gieslingen]]<br/><small>(1819-1882)<br />
|26<sup>th</sup> June 1870<br />
|18<sup>th</sup> May 1872<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1870|06|26|1872|05|18}}<br />
| [[1871 Weranian federal election|1871]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Gieslingen increased tariffs during his term and sought to come to better relations with the church regarding funding for schools. His cabinet was dismissed in 1872 over differences with the monarch and a lack of parliamentary support.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(5)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust 1860.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Earl}}<br>[[Ludwig Gustav von Middendorff]]<br/><small>(1816-1880)<br />
|18<sup>th</sup> May 1872<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> August 1875<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1872|05|18|1875|08|24}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>In his second term von Middendorff expanded the voting franchise with parliamentary support as well as the approval of the imperial house. He also significantly increased Weranic interventionism abroad being seen as a "{{wp|liberal interventionist}}". He was dismissed by the monarch for his support for free trade in 1875.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|7<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Carl von In Der Maur.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Joachim Schwarzenberg]]<br/><small>(1820-1882)<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> August 1875<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> February 1876<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1875|08|24|1876|02|16}}<br />
| [[1875 Weranian federal election|1875]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Considered a "creature of the king" Schwarzenberg lost popularity and authority quickly in his term becoming dependent on the imperial house. He voluntarily resigned on the advice of his cabinet in 1875.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(5)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust 1860.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Earl}}<br>[[Ludwig Gustav von Middendorff]]<br/><small>(1816-1880)<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> February 1876<br />
|3<sup>th</sup> October 1876<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1876|02|16|1876|10|03}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Returning to power as the only candidate with a majority in the Bundestag von Middendorff focus on the brewing crisis in Ruttland in his tenure. His failure to address Ruttish nationalism and his proposal to extend further autonomy to Ruttland lost him the support of the monarch and resulted in his resignation.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|8<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:EduardTaaffe.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Duke}}<br>[[Xaver von Aehrenthal]]<br/><small>(1815-1886)<br />
|3<sup>th</sup> October 1876<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1878<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1876|10|03|1878|03|17}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Catholic}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Aehrenthal's government was considered to be that of moderate conservatism implementing various welfare policies and factory regulation to increase the support of the government amongst the working class. However von Aehrenthal was dismissed from office following the Jutenberg scandal.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|9<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:WP Agenor Goluchowski der Jüngere.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Nicolas von Rheingold]]<br/><small>(1820-1882)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1878<br />
|5<sup>th</sup> September 1879<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1878|03|17|1879|09|05}}<br />
| [[1879 Weranian federal election|1879]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Catholic}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Rheingold continued his predecessor's policies but was to be seen as a weak figure due to his reliance on the monarchy. The conservatives lost support in the 1879 election and after failing to come to an accord with the legislature von Rheingold resigned a year later.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|10<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Kazimierz Badeni.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Ažuolas Kuzmickas]]<br/><small>(1837-1892)<br />
|5<sup>th</sup> September 1879<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1882<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1879|09|05|1882|03|17}}<br />
| - <br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The first Ruttish Channcelor Kuzmickas spent the majority of his office concerned with the "Ruttish question" and relations with [[Soravia]]. In both fields he was reckoned to be unsuccessful and as such resigned in 1882.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|11<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Alfred Potocki.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Baron}}<br>[[Bartholomäus von Littrow]]<br/><small>(1841-1906)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> March 1882<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> April 1887<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1882|03|17|1887|04|07}}<br />
| [[1883 Weranian federal election|1883]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Littrow enjoyed support from both the monarch and the Bundestag. Under von Littrow industrialisation programmes were expanded as were colonial incentives. A reform of the banking system under von Littrow led to Werania to help develop one of the largest banking sectors in the world after [[Gaullica]]. He resigned in 1887 after his ministry lost support over alleged financial corruption.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(8)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:EduardTaaffe.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Duke}}<br>[[Xaver von Aehrenthal]]<br/><small>(1815-1886)<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> April 1887<br />
|26<sup>th</sup> November 1890†<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1887|04|07|1890|11|26}}<br />
| [[1883 Weranian federal election|1887]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Catholic}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Returning to office in 1887, von Aehrenthal attempted to implement sound fiscal policies and expand Weranic colonial interests abroad, being considered close to the colonial lobby. These attempts led to colonial border conflicts with Estmere and Gaullica that were unresolved in his term. He died in office in 1890.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|12<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal cropped.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Prince}}<br>[[Adolf Ritter von Kral]]<br/><small>(1842-1914)<br />
|26<sup>th</sup> November 1890<br />
|20<sup>th</sup> August 1894<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1890|11|26|1894|08|20}}<br />
| [[1891 Weranian federal election|1891]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Catholic}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Kral's government was considered to favour policies advocating for a strong national defence and imperialism abroad and reactionary conservatism domestically, making his government popular to conservative elements. His anti-leftism however led to the 189193 general strike which only ended after Interior Minister [[Konrad von Höhnel]] and the monarch were able to broker a compromise; Von Kral never regained authority and resigned in 1892.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|13<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst - Die Gartenlaube (1894) 773.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Konrad von Höhnel]]<br/><small>(1852-1926)<br />
| 20<sup>th</sup> August 1894<br />
| 6<sup>th</sup> May 1900<br />
| {{Age in years, months and days|1894|08|20|1900|05|06}}<br />
| [[1895 Weranian federal election|1895]], [[1899 Weranian federal election|1899]]<br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|{{small|Considered a moderate conservative, von Höhnel mainly focused on foreign affairs. His term as premier saw Werania attempt to form an alliance with [[Gaullica]] but opposition from conservative elements and Werania's longstanding commitments with Estmere meant this policy was unsuccessfult. In 1898 von Höhnel presided over a shift in the Weranian party system when he formed a coalition government between his own Liberal Party and the Catholic Party. He resigned in 1900.}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(14)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-2004-1110-500, Leopold Graf Berchtold.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Mathias von Steichen]]<br/><small>(1871-1937)<br />
|6<sup>th</sup> May 1900<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> May 1903<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1900|05|06|1903|05|14}}<br />
| - <br />
| style="background:#48A5EE; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A largely conservative figure, von Steichen struggled to lower tariffs on food imports for fear of splitting the conservative coalition. He instead attempted to further expand the empire, but this was controversial amongst sections of the electorate wary of foreign adventurism. Opposition to higher bread tariffs led to a conservative defeat in the 1903 election.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|15<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Henry Campbell-Bannerman photo.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Baron}}<br>[[Casper von Staffort]]<br/><small>(1868-1952)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> May 1903<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> June 1907<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1903|05|14|1907|06|07}}<br />
| [[1903 Weranian federal election|1903]]<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A radical from a prominent Neevish family von Staffort led the first true party cabinet which was made up of a majority of radical party deputies. He was most notable for his secular reform in 1906 which enforced laïcité in the public realm weakening the power of the church particularly in education. Von Staffort was defeated by a conservative coalition in the 1907 election.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|16<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Comte de Broqueville (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Erich von Schätzle]]<br/><small>(1866-1931)<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> June 1907<br />
|27<sup>th</sup> May 1911<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1907|06|07|1911|05|27}}<br />
| [[1907 Weranian federal election|1907]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Schätzle formed a centre-right coalition relying on support from the Liberals. Over von Schätzle's term he {{wp|privatised}} the previous government's industrial holdings.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(15)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Henry Campbell-Bannerman photo.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Baron}}<br>[[Casper von Staffort]]<br/><small>(1868-1952)<br />
|27<sup>th</sup> May 1911<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> March 1912<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1911|05|27|1912|03|04}}<br />
| [[1911 Weranian federal election|1911]]<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Returning the radicals to power in the 1911 election, von Satffort formed a coalition that relied on parliamentary support from the socialists. He died in office in 1911 after attempting to improve labour legislation.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|17<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-H28785, Dr. Eduard David.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Gustav Kroetz]]<br/><small>(1860-1924)<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> March 1912<br />
|11<sup>th</sup> August 1913<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1912|03|04|1913|08|11}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Kroetz promoted parliamentary reform and the expansion of workers' rights. The [[Great Collapse]] in led to a fall of his the government as the socialists refused to support his austerity budget.</small><br />
|rowspan="18"| [[Leopold IV of Werania|Leopold IV]]<br />[[File:Ferdinand Schmutzer - Franz Ferdinand von Österreich-Este, um 1914.jpg|70px]]<br />{{small|(1913-1936)}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|18<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk 1925.PNG|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Otto Röttgen]]<br/><small>(1872-1935)<br />
|11<sup>th</sup> August 1913<br />
|23<sup>rd</sup> April 1914<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1913|08|11|1914|04|23}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Heading a reduced minority government Röttgen had little control of his party and was unable to solve the economic crisis. The government as a reult lost the 1914 election.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|19<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1973-011-02, Wilhelm Marx.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Baron}}<br>[[Walther von Pittermann]]<br/><small>(1860-1924)<br />
|23<sup>rd</sup> April 1914<br />
|19<sup>th</sup> October 1916<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1914|04|23|1916|10|19}}<br />
| [[1914 Weranian federal election|1914]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Premier von Blumentritt formed a centre-right coalition with support from the Catholic Social and Liberal parties. The government promoted conservative fiscal policies in response to the Great Collapse but this led to the recession to become prolonged. His government was extremely unpopular when it proved unable to deal with the economic fallout of the Great Collapse and collapsed in 1916.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(16)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Comte de Broqueville (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Erich von Schätzle]]<br/><small>(1866-1931)<br />
|19<sup>th</sup> October 1916<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> June 1917<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1916|10|19|1917|06|04}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Returning to power von Schätzle focused on maintaining Weranian financial confidence and shoring up the currency. Although he successfully passed devaluation off the gold standard this led to the collapse of his popularity and forced his resignation.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|20<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1988-0113-500, Franz v. Papen (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Duke}}<br>[[Wilhelm von Kuehnelt]]<br/><small>(1871-1947)<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> June 1917<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> April 1920<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1917|06|04|1920|04|07}}<br />
| [[August 1918 Weranian federal election|August 1918]]<br>[[October 1918 Weranian federal election|October 1918]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Kuehnelt led a government that continued economic retrenchment in coalition with other centre-right forces. In 1918 the coalition won re-election but was riven by internal factionalism. In 1920 von Kuehnelt resigned after losing a budget vote.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(19)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1973-011-02, Wilhelm Marx.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Baron}}<br>[[Walther von Pittermann]]<br/><small>(1860-1924)<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> April 1920<br />
|30<sup>st</sup> March 1921<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1921|04|07|1922|03|30}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Returning to power heading a coalition with the NLP and Landbund von Pittermann mainly focused on improving the economy. Political polarisation led to the government to lose a budget vote in 1921 and as a result be decimated at the 1921 elections.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#F0001C; color:white;" rowspan="2"|21<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Albrecht Küchenthal.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Albrecht Küchenthal]]<br/><small>(1868-1952)<br />
|30<sup>st</sup> March 1921<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> December 1921<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1921|03|19|1921|12|16}}<br />
| [[1921 Weranian federal election|1921]]<br />
| style="background:#F0001C; color:white;"|[[Weranic Section of the Workers' International|{{color|white|OSAI}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The first socialist to take office, Küchenthal formed government with an alliance between OSAI and the Radicals under a "popular front" strategy. Reforms in labour and industry were pursued such as the introduction of a 40-hour workweek. As a response to the Valduvian Revolution the OSAI disintegrated over launching a similar revolution leading to Küchenthal to be dismissed after revolutionary violence threatened to occur in Werania.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|22<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Von Ratzinger suit.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{Wp|Count}}<br>[[Hermann von Ratzinger]]<br/><small>(1872-1933)<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> December 1921<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> September 1924<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1922|03|30|1924|09|24}}<br />
| [[1922 Weranian federal election|1922]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Governing with the Catholics and the Liberals with the support of the Federal Presidency, von Ratzinger was openly admiring of the work of the Gaullican functionalist regime and attempted to build a corporatist state in Werania whilst undertaking a foreign policy of {{Wp|appeasement}} towards Gaullica. His heavy handed approach to left agitation led von Ratzinger to be accused of dictatorial tendencies. In 1924 his government collapsed leading him to petition Leopold VI to dismantle the Bundestag and suspend the constitution but was rebuffed, resigning from office when a new government was formed.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|23<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Michael Hainisch (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{wp|Baron}}<br>[[Reinhold von Schönborn-Herz]]<br/><small>(1859-1934)<br />
|24<sup>th</sup> September 1924<br />
|8<sup>th</sup> June 1929<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1924|09|24|1929|06|8}}<br />
| [[1924 Weranian federal election|1924]]<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Von Schönborn-Herz led a coalition government of the [[Rural Federation]], the [[Liberal Party (Werania)|Liberals]], the [[Social Democratic Party of Werania|SPO]] and the [[Radical Party (Werania)|Radicals]] as a compromise candidate to both the Bundestag and the monarchy, sitting in the House of Lords rather than the House of Deputies. Von Schönborn-Herz was unable to solve Werania's recession and was accused of practicing {{wp|appeasement}} towards functionalist [[Gaullica]] albeit still defending Werania's alliances with Etruria and Estmere. Expected to resign in 1927 to call new elections von Schönborn-Herz froze his planned resignation due to the outbreak of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], However he was seen to mismanage the oversight of the war, resulting in him being forced resign after his health failed.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|(18)<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk 1925.PNG|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Otto Röttgen]]<br/><small>(1872-1935)<br />
|8<sup>th</sup> June 1929<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> Octobet 1937<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1929|06|08|1937|10|14}}<br />
| [[1935 Weranian federal election|1935]]<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Creating a {{wp|grand coalition}} of the [[Rural Federation|LB]], [[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|KSP]], [[Liberal Party (Werania)|Liberals]], [[Radical Party (Werania)|Radicals]] and [[Social Democratic Party of Werania|SPO]] Röttgen was appointed as part of the [[Leopoldism|Leopoldist movement]]. Considered to be an effective war leader rallying the population behind the war effort and stabilising the war situation, Röttgen worked closely with Leopold IV and Chief of Staffs [[Karl von Straußenburg]] and [[Rupprecht Bormann]] in coordinating Weranic forces on the field. Röttgen was the Weranic delegate at the ultimate peace conference for the war which earned him the moniker the "premier of Victory". He left office in 1937 heading a reduced coalition of the SPO, Radicals and NLP.</small><br />
|rowspan="8"| [[Maximilian III of Werania|Maximilian III]]<br />[[File:CarlosDeAustriaHungríaDeLutoB5103649T5103653.jpg|70px]]<br />{{small|(1936-1944)}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|24<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146III-105, Joseph Wirth.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Gustav Blumentritt]]<br/><small>(1896-1970)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> October 1937<br />
|25<sup>th</sup> March 1939<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1937|10|14|1939|03|25}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Blumentritt continued Röttgens centrist coalition where he continued to support post war reconstruction policies. However his government fell in 1939 when the social democrats withdrew from the government triggering a new election. </small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|25<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Jan Masaryk .jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Hans Doblhoff-Dier]]<br/><small>(1868-1952)<br />
|25<sup>th</sup> March 1939<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> June 1941†<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1939|03|25|1941|06|17}}<br />
| [[1939 Weranian federal election|1939]]<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Doblhoff-Dier continued the five-party government albeit under a centre-left slant. His government attempted to use economic interventionism to deal with the financial crisis but faced persistent economic decline. He was killed during the Höcker Putsch after being defenestrated by the [[Weranic Syndicalist Union]].</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#a672a6; color:white;" rowspan="2"|26<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1968-100-04A, Otto Karl Geßler (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Adalbert Nischwitz]]<br/><small>(1868-1952)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> June 1941<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> May 1942<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1941|06|17|1942|05|04}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#a672a6; color:white;"|[[Radical Party (Werania)|{{color|white|Radicals}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Putting down the Höcker Putsch Nischwitz continued the centrist coalition of the Radicals, SPO, NLP, KSP and Landbund. The government however continued to be unable to deal effectively with social and economic problems and fell in 1942 leading to elections that were won by the right. Nischwitz was the last premier from the Radical party.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|27<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Dietrich zu Kolbenheyer.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Dietrich zu Kolbenheyer]]<br/><small>(1882-1944)<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> May 1942<br />
|13<sup>th</sup> September 1945<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1942|05|04|1945|09|13}}<br />
| [[1942 Weranian federal election|1942]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br><small>[[Fatherland Bloc|{{color|white|Fatherland Bloc}}]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A member of the House of Lords zu Kolbenheyer led the "[[Fatherland Bloc]]" of the KSP, Landbund and NLP after being recommended by the monarch as the only candidate with broad support. His government was mainly remembered in participating in colonial conflict and growing isolation from Werania's Euclean allies, especially after responding poorly to the outbreak of the Solarian War. He retired in 1945.</small><br />
|rowspan="20"| [[Otto XI of Werania|Otto XI]]<br />[[File:Otto XI.jpg|70px]]<br />{{small|(1944-1985)}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|28<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Dr Rössler.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Franz Rössler]]<br/><small>(1894-1968)<br />
|13<sup>th</sup> September 1945<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> May 1950<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1945|09|13|1950|05|17}}<br />
| [[1946 Weranian federal election|1946]]<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br><small>[[Fatherland Bloc|{{color|white|Fatherland Bloc}}]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Continuing the composition of the previous government Rössler intensified the war in Masari committing more troops to the conflict. The conduct of the war under Rössler's tenure attracted international criticism and massive losses for Weranic forces. In December 1949 Rössler presided over the [[Kirenian-Weranian War]] which saw Weranian forces defeated - this led to the [[Colonels putsch]] which whilst being put down destroyed the government leading to his resignation.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;" rowspan="2"|29<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Josef Klaus 1964.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Walther Ritter von Dittmann]]<br/><small>(1884-1962)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> May 1950<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> August 1950<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1950|05|17|1950|08|07}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#FAA61A; color:white;"|[[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|{{color|white|KSP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Appointed by the monarch, Stadtbäumer negotiated the end of the Weranian-Kirenian War. This led to the fall of his government and the defeat of the conservative coalition in the 1950 election.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#DE3163; color:white;" rowspan="2"|30<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Adolf Schärf (1961).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Viktor Beer-Hofmann]]<br/><small>(1892–1965)<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> August 1950<br />
|18<sup>th</sup> May 1955<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1950|08|07|1955|05|13}}<br />
|[[1950 Weranian federal election|1950]], [[1954 Weranian federal election|1954]]<br />
| style="background:#DE3163; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Party of Werania|{{color|white|SPO}}]]<br><small>[[Tripartite Majority|{{color|white|Tripartite Majority}}]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Invited to form government after the collapse of the right-wing coalition, Beer-Hofmann formed a grand coalition between OSAI, the SPO and the newly formed SDP. Re-orientating Werania's economic and foreign alignment to Euclean integration, Beer-Hofmann led Werania into the EC in 1955. Supporting progressive economic and social reforms, Beer-Hofmann controversially nationalised various industries including banks which alienated parts of the electorate. Despite winning re-election in 1954 in 1955 the KSP ended the grand coalition leading to a new federal election that saw the victory of the right-wing parties. Beer-Hofmann is the only [[Witterites|Witterite]] premier.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#EB7A43;" height=40|<br />
|rowspan="4"|[[File:Ludwig Erhard 916-1330.jpg|80px]]<br />
| rowspan="4"|[[Konstantin Vogel]]<br/><small>(1898-1976)<br />
| rowspan="2"|18<sup>th</sup> May 1955<br />
| rowspan="2"|16<sup>th</sup> May 1960<br />
| rowspan="2"|{{Age in years, months and days|1955|05|13|1960|05|16}}<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[1955 Weranian federal election|1955]], [[1959 Weranian federal election|1959]]<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Werania)|{{color|white|SDP}}]]<br>↓<br>[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2"|31<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" colspan="5"|{{small|A member of the SDP, Vogel oversaw the merger of the NLP, LDP and the SDP into one party in 1957. Considered the founder of the {{wp|social market economy}} Vogel oversaw a period of sustained economic growth. Vogel led the NKP to a majority government in several elections but lost popularity following budget cuts and a slowdown of economic growth, resulting in Vogel decling to run for another term as NKP president.</small>.}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" height=40|<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|32<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Rudolf Wiefelspütz.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[August von Münstermann]]<br/><small>(1902-1984)<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> May 1960<br />
|5<sup>th</sup> May 1963<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1960|05|16|1963|05|24}}<br />
| [[1963 Weranian federal election|1963]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>An effective technocrat and former Liberal, von Münstermann's administration saw high economic growth and deeper integration with the Euclean Community. He resigned in 1963 after ill health did not lead him to run for re-election as NKP party president </small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|33<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Rudolf Wiefelspütz 1965.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Rudolf Wiefelspütz]]<br/><small>(1914-2001)<br />
|5<sup>th</sup> May 1963<br />
|22<sup>nd</sup> April 1969<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1963|05|05|1969|04|22}}<br />
| [[1967 Weranian federal election|1967]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A leader of the Sotirian democratic wing of the party, Wiefelspütz implemented progressive policies in the justice and education systems. However his government was considered to be largely conservative in character. Wiefelspütz resigned as premier in 1969 after he failed to be re-elected NKP leader.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|34<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F024017-0001, Oberhausen, CDU-Parteitag Rheinland, Kiesinger.jpg (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Sigmar Welskopf-Henrich]]<br/><small>(1903-1986)<br />
|22<sup>nd</sup> April 1969<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> March 1972<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1969|04|22|1972|03|07}}<br />
|[[1971 Weranian federal election|1971]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>A former Conservative Welskopf-Henrich led the NKP to a minority government in the 1971 election. His government continued moderately progressive social reforms whilst co-currently implementing budget cuts and reducing some of the welfare programmes. Welskopf-Henrich resigned in 1972 following massive student protests.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|35<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Persconferentie na afloop Overleg van de 9 , Den Haag Tindemans (premier Belgi, Bestanddeelnr 928-9156 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Renatas Vinkauskas]]<br/><small>(1922-2017)<br />
|7<sup>th</sup> March 1972<br />
|8<sup>th</sup> March 1980<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1972|03|07|1980|03|12}}<br />
| [[1972 Weranian federal election|1972]], [[1976 Weranian federal election|1976]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Elected to a party vote in 1972 to replace Welskopf-Henrich, Vinkauskas's term was dominated by rising inflation and unemployment. Austerity budgets led to a collapse in NKP support with their 24 year stint in government ending in the 1980 election.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;" rowspan="2"|36<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Ludwig Ostermann.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Ludolf Ostermann]]<br/><small>(1927-)<br />
|8<sup>th</sup> March 1980<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> July 1987<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1980|03|08|1987|07|16}}<br />
|[[1980 Weranian federal election|1980]], [[1984 Weranian federal election|1984]]<br />
| style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|{{color|white|SRPO}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Initially forming a government with the left wing OSAI from 1984onwards Ostermann formed a "purple government" with the liberal Modern Centre Party (PMZ). Ostermann also introduced major constitutional reform and deeper Euclean integration. In April 1987 the PMZ left the coalition leading to the collapse of his government and early elections that saw the NKP become the largest party.</small><br />
|rowspan="19"| [[Charlotte II of Werania|Charlotte II]]<br />[[File:Hare Majesteit koningin Beatrix, Bestanddeelnr 253-8757.jpg|70px]]<br />{{small|(1986-)}}<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|37<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Adolf Stahl.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Adolf Stahl]]<br/><small>(1924-1998)<br />
|16<sup>th</sup> July 1987<br />
|27<sup>th</sup> May 1991<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1987|07|16|1991|05|27}}<br />
| [[1987 Weranian federal election|1987]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Leading a government of the NKP and PMZ Stahl implemented neoliberal policies in his tenure. However strikes and industrial unrest were common under his premiership and in 1991 lost to a revitalised SRPO after only a term in office.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;" rowspan="2"|38<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Wolfgang Löscher2.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Wolfgang Löscher]]<br/><small>(1942-)<br />
|27<sup>th</sup> May 1991<br />
|18<sup>th</sup> May 1999<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1991|05|27|1999|05|18}}<br />
| [[Weranian federal election, 1991|1991]], [[Weranian federal election, 1995|1995]]<br />
| style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|{{color|white|SRPO}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Löscher led a coalition between the SRPO, the Greens and OSAI. The coalition was unstable. Löscher resigned in 1999 after his coalition lost to the NKP.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|39<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Šimonytė portrait.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Rasa Šimonytė]]<br/><small>(1952-)<br />
|18<sup>th</sup> May 1999<br />
|12<sup>th</sup> July 2009<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1999|05|18|2009|07|12}}<br />
|[[1999 Weranian federal election|1999]], [[2003 Weranian federal election|2003]], [[2007 Weranian federal election|2007]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The first female and Ruttish premier. Leading a majority government in her first term Šimonytė reorientated Werania to a less pro-Euclean policy and implemented conservative fiscal policies, privatising industry and reinvesting it into supporting tech startups. Dealing with economic collapse in 2005 Šimonytė implemented austerity policies avoiding a bailout from the [[Euclean Community]]. Šimonytė supported Euclean integration and greater fiscal liberalisation. She led the NKP to be re-elected to an additional term in 2007 but resigned in 2008 after choosing to become High Commissar of the EC.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|40<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Dietrich Wittmann portrait.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Dietrich Wittmann]]<br/><small>(1959-)<br />
|12<sup>th</sup> July 2009<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> June 2011<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|2009|07|12|2011|06|04}}<br />
| -<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The Wittmann government continued {{Wp|austerity}} measures to reduce Werania's budget deficit as well as toughen surveillance legalisation. In 2011 the NKP coalition lost its majority leading to Wittmann to resign from the premiership.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;" rowspan="2"|41<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Emilia Koopmann.jpeg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Emilia Koopmann]]<br/><small>(1968-)<br />
|4<sup>th</sup> June 2011<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> September 2013<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|2011|06|04|2013|09|14}}<br />
|[[2011 Weranian federal election|2011]]<br />
| style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|{{color|white|SRPO}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The second female Prime Minister, Koopman led a coalition government between the PMZ-SDT alliance and the SRPO. She continued the austerity policies of the previous government. Koopmann was ousted from the position as SRPO leader and thus premier after poor polling results prior to the 2015 federal election.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;" rowspan="2"|42<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Oberhauser portait.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Viktor Oberhauser]]<br/><small>(1959-)<br />
|14<sup>th</sup> September 2013<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> Febuary 2018<br />
| {{Age in years, months and days|2013|09|14|2018|02|17}}<br />
|[[2015 Weranian federal election|2015]]<br />
| style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|{{color|white|SRPO}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Appointed as premier following Koopmann's resignation, Oberhauser formed a {{wp|Purple (government)|purple government}} of SRPO and PMZ following the 2015 election. Oberhauser has continued austerity measures despite opposition from his own party. He resigned after leading his party to defeat in upper house elections.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;" rowspan="2"|43<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Felder portrait.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Josef Felder]]<br/><small>(1955-)<br />
|17<sup>th</sup> Febuary 2018<br />
|28<sup>th</sup> June 2019<br />
| {{Age in years, months and days|2018|02|17|2019|06|28}}<br />
| - <br />
| style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|{{color|white|SRPO}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>The former Minister-President of Cislania Felder became premier out of the hope he would revive the SRPO's anaemic polling. However his combative style alienated supporters and in 2018 his attempt to call an early election was thwarted by his coalition partners. At the 2019 he led the SRPO to a historically poor result resulting in Felder's resignation.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|44<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Von Hößlin portrait.png|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Otto von Hößlin]]<br/><small>(1952-)<br />
|28<sup>th</sup> June 2019<br />
|1<sup>st</sup> July 2022<br />
| {{Age in years, months and days|2019|06|28|2022|07|01}}<br />
|[[2019 Weranian federal election|2019]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Elected in 2019, von Hößlin formed a coalition government with the NKP and the [[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|Democratic Alternative]]. Under his goverment reform to the public sector and a close alignment with Estmere and Etruria were pursued. The Hosokawa scandal led to von Hößlin to decline to seek another term as NKP leader.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;" rowspan="2"|45<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Raicevich official portait.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Anton Raicevich]]<br/><small>(1979-)<br />
|1<sup>st</sup> July 2022<br />
|Incumbent<br />
| {{Age in years, months and days|2022|07|01}}<br />
|[[2023 Weranian federal election|2023]]<br />
| style="background:#FF6A00; color:white;"|[[National Consolidation Party|{{color|white|NKP}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Appointed to succeed von Hößlin, Raicevich renewed the NKP-[[Democratic Alternative (Werania)|DA]] coalition.</small><br />
|}<br />
{{Template:Premiers of Werania}}<br />
{{Template:Werania}}<br />
[[Category:Werania]]</div>Britbong64