https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Delkora&feedformat=atomIIWiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T14:54:42ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.7https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Royal_Delkoran_Armed_Forces&diff=427990Royal Delkoran Armed Forces2021-11-22T00:21:13Z<p>Delkora: </p>
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<div>{{infobox national military<br />
|country = [[Delkora]]<br />
|name = Royal Delkoran Armed Forces<br />
|native_name = Forsvaret<br />
|image = [[Image:RDAF.png|200px]] <br />
|caption =<br />
|image2 =<br />
|caption2 =<br />
|founded = 1385<br />
|current_form =<br />
|disbanded =<br />
|branches = Royal Delkoran Army<br>Royal Delkoran Navy<br>Royal Delkoran Air Force<br>Home Guard <br />
|headquarters = Ministry of Defense, [[Norenstal]]<br />
|flying_hours =<br />
<!-- Leadership --><br />
|commander-in-chief = [[Haldor VII]]<br />
|commander-in-chief_title= Monarch<br />
|minister = Felgar Schrøder<br />
|minister_title = Minister of Defense<br />
|commander = Admiral Kjeld Thomsen <br />
|commander_title = Chair of the Federal Defense Council<br />
<!-- Manpower --><br />
|age = 18<br />
|conscription = Yes, male and female (suspended)<br />
|manpower_data =<br />
|manpower_age =<br />
|available =<br />
|available_f =<br />
|fit =<br />
|fit_f =<br />
|reaching =<br />
|reaching_f =<br />
|active = 276,000<br />
|ranked =<br />
|reserve = 689,000<br />
|deployed =<br />
<!-- Financial --><br />
|amount = 56.4 billion NSD<br><small>(FY 2020)</small><br />
|percent_GDP = 2%<br />
<!-- Industrial --><br />
|domestic_suppliers = Royal Crown Armory<br>Nøhr Group<br />
|foreign_suppliers =<br />
|imports =<br />
|exports =<br />
<!-- Related articles --><br />
|history = [[Delkoran Civil War]]<br />
|ranks =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Royal Delkoran Armed Forces''' ({{wp|Danish language|Delkoran}}: ''Forsvaret'') are the {{wp|armed forces}} of the [[Delkora|Kingdom of Delkora]], responsible for defending the Kingdom and its territory. It is comprised of four service branches: the Royal Army, Navy, Air Force, and Home Guard. Members of each branch swear an oath of loyalty to the Constitution of Delkora.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The establishment of the Royal Delkoran Armed Forces in their current form is often traced back to 1385 with the creation of the Royal Delkoran Navy.<br />
<br />
Following the [[Delkoran Civil War]], an effort was made to incorporate the jarl armies and peasant militias into the main body of the armed forces, which was met with resistance from many of the militias.<br />
<br />
In 1907, the [[States of Delkora|state]] militias were consolidated into the Home Guard. In 1925, the Royal Delkoran Air Force was established as the newest branch of the armed forces. <br />
<br />
A transition to a more professional force was undertaken in the early 1970s. This included the suspension of conscription and an increase in recruitment.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Organization==<br />
The Delkoran Constitution designates the monarch as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, but because the monarch can only act on the advice of the elected government, ''de facto'' authority rests with cabinet. In peacetime, this authority is ordinarily delegated to the minister of defense, although it can be transferred to the [[Chancellor of Delkora|chancellor]] following a declaration of war. <br />
<br />
The highest-ranking uniformed officers of the armed forces are the Chief of the Army Staff, the Chief of the Naval Staff, the Chief of the Air Staff, and the Chief of the Home Guard Staff. Each reports to a civilian secretary, who in turn reports to the minister of defense. The staff chiefs constitute the members of the Federal Defense Council, a body that advises the chancellor and defense minister on military matters. <br />
<br />
The {{wp|Military reserve force|reserve element}} of the armed forces consists of the reserve components of the three primary branches and a separate force known as the Home Guard, which is administered by each of Delkora's seven states. These forces exist primarily to protect civilians and strategic infrastructure in the event of an invasion, as well as engage in guerrilla warfare and sabotage against enemy forces. In peacetime they are often used to supplement civil authorities in responding to natural disasters. Although normally under the command of their respective state governments, Home Guard units can be called into the service of the federal government in national emergencies.<br />
<br />
==Doctrine==<br />
<br />
==Personnel==<br />
The Royal Delkoran Army is the largest branch of the armed forces, consisting of 200,000 active personnel and 300,000 reservists. The Home Guard is the second largest, with 232,745 personnel, followed by the Royal Navy, with 50,360 active personnel and 105,350 reservists, and the Royal Air Force, with 25,745 active personnel and 50,800 reservists.<br />
<br />
==Conscription== <br />
Conscription was historically an important source of recruitment for the Delkoran military due to cultural mistrust of large standing armies. This began to change in the 1970's as efforts were made to begin transitioning to a fully voluntary force. Conscription was suspended by an executive decree in 1976, and has not been re-instituted since then. Today, all able-bodied Delkoran citizens of both sexes are required to register with the Ministry of Defense within 30 days of their 18th birthday, and are eligible to be called up for service until the age of 35. Conscription can be reinstated at any time by decree of the chancellor, the minister of defense, or a vote of the Federal Parliament. <br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Tyran]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Delkoran_Civil_War&diff=384469Delkoran Civil War2021-08-09T02:05:02Z<p>Delkora: </p>
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<div>{{Infobox military conflict<br />
| conflict = Delkoran Civil War<br />
| width = <br />
| partof = <br />
| image = [[File: Entrée_des_Allemands_à_Orléans.jpg|300px]]<br />
| caption = ''The Fall of Norenstal'', by Haldric Villadsen (1874)<br />
| date = 1828–1832<br />
| place = [[Delkora]]<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| map_type = <br />
| map_relief = <br />
| latitude = <br />
| longitude = <br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_marksize = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| map_label = <br />
| territory = <br />
| result = <br />
* Peasant/Jarl victory<br />
* Abdication of Vallgaar III<br />
* Establishment of parliamentary government in Delkora<br />
| status = <br />
| combatants_header = <br />
| combatant1 = Royalists<br />
| combatant2 = Free Peasant Movement<br />
| combatant3 = Jarl Council<br />
| commander1 = [[Vallgaar III of Delkora|Vallgaar III]]<br />
| commander2 = [[Loke Frederiksen]]<br>[[Klaus Nygaard]]<br />
| commander3 = [[Astrid VII of Cybria|Astrid VII]]<br>[[Bragnr II of Banderhus|Bragnr II]]<br>[[Aksel V of Førelskov|Aksel V]]<br>[[Almar Bundgaard]]<br />
| units1 = <br />
| units2 = <br />
| units3 = <br />
| strength1 = 524,800<br />
| strength2 = ~57,000<br />
| strength3 = 76,500<br />
| casualties1 = 65,629<br />
| casualties2 = 15,783<br />
| casualties3 = 20,924<br />
| notes = <br />
| campaignbox = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Delkoran Civil War''' was a conflict fought within the Kingdom of Delkora from 1828 to 1832 between forces loyal to King Vallgaar III and an alliance of the jarls of the Delkoran states and various peasant militias. A result of a complex interplay of social, political, and economic forces, the war was the deadliest conflict in Delkoran history up to that point, with over 100,000 military casualties and an estimated 25,000 civilian casualties, mostly resulting from famine and disease. The war resulted in the abdication of Vallgaar III and paved the way for the establishment of parliamentary government following the 1833 Constitutional Convention.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The centuries following the establishment of a national monarchy in Delkora in 982 CE were characterized by frequent infighting between the national monarch and the jarls, who shared sovereignty and possessed their own personal armies. The jarls would often try to pressure the monarch into passing favorable policies for their respective states, and were aided by the fact that there was not yet a national army loyal only to the King. Instead, the national monarch had to rely on armies recruited by the jarls, which remained loyal to them only. <br />
<br />
The jarl's monopoly of force meant that the Kingdom functioned as a de facto confederation for much of its early history. Because of the absence of a strong central government to impose uniform laws throughout the Kingdom and mediate disputes between the states, there were a number of bloody skirmishes between the jarls from 1100-1300 CE. This prompted King Haldor III in 1385 to negotiate the Peace of Aberald with the jarls. The jarls agreed to disband their personal armies in exchange for a guarantee that each jarl would have absolute sovereignty over his respective state. The newly-empowered national monarch would serve as a neutral enforcer of agreed norms and ensure the continued sovereignty of each state. To achieve this end, he would be empowered to assemble a national army.<br />
<br />
The agreement had the effect of shifting a great deal of power to the national monarch, laying the foundation for a modern nation state and enabling an era of military exploits that lasted for several centuries. Although there were still disputes between the jarls, these were resolved peacefully through the Jarl Council. For the most part, the jarls were content to allow the national monarch to manage inter-state and foreign diplomacy while they were left to govern domestic matters in their states. <br />
<br />
The jarls, however, despite theoretically being absolute monarchs, in practice had to share power with a politically organized peasant class that governed numerous communes scattered throughout the Delkoran countryside. The jarls were normally able to maintain good relations with the peasants, largely allowing them to self-govern in accordance with their local customs, so long as they paid taxes. This system was put under pressure, however, as the Kingdom's military commitments abroad grew more numerous from the mid 1500's to the 1600's, necessitating the drafting of large numbers of peasants into the national army. This, combined with increasing crop demands placed on rural communities, had the effect of greatly disrupting rural life and contributing to increasing poverty in the countryside. <br />
<br />
This coincided with the dissemination of radical political works from philosophers like Halvar Bertram, which are now credited with instilling an early form of class consciousness in the peasant class. The communes began to agitate for political reforms that would give them more influence over national politics, and throughout the 1600's and 1700's, monarchs were generally amenable to their demands out of a desire to maintain stability.<br />
<br />
==Outbreak of the war==<br />
This changed with the coronation of Vallgaar III in 1812. Unlike his predecessors, Vallgaar took a more hard line approach with the communes, demanding their absolute loyalty. In response to several communes in southern Cybria voting to stop supplying soldiers for the national army, Vallgaar issued the Decree of 1825, outlawing all communes in the Kingdom and directing the jarls to disband them and resettle their inhabitants. The jarls rejected the order, arguing that disbanding the communes would inevitably lead to unrest. Moreover, they insisted, the decree had no legal force, as the Peace of Aberald forbade the King from interfering in the governance of individual states. <br />
<br />
In response, Vallgaar issued an ultimatum, threatening to use the national army to disband the communes by force if the jarls refused to act. Fearing that such a move would, if unsuccessful, prompt a peasant revolt or, if successful, be a prelude to Vallgaar seizing absolute power, the jarls convened in Falbaard in 1826 to begin plotting a coup, and appointed the Cybrian noble Almar Bundgaard as their military commander. The five agreed to begin quietly rebuilding their former armies.<br />
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In 1827 the King, hoping to send a message, ordered the Falvryn Massacre, sending in troops to storm the Falvryn Commune and massacre its inhabitants. As word of the massacre spread, peasant communities in the surrounding area were quick to act, raiding county armories for weapons before retreating into the Grymvar Mountains to the west. In response to the massacre, the jarls delivered what became known as the Falvryn Ultimatum to Vallgaar, demanding his abdication. When it became clear Vallgaar had no intention of abdicating, the jarls of Norvia, Vassengård, and Banderhus launched a series of coordinated ambushes on garrisons and armories close to their state capitals early in 1828, securing needed supplies for their fledgling armies and forcing Vallgaar's troops to retreat east toward Cybria and south toward the port cities along the Sundering coast. Vallgaar declared the jarls to be in open rebellion, issuing a decree abolishing their thrones and appointing himself "King of All Delkora."<br />
<br />
==Stalemate==<br />
Although initially caught off guard by the ambushes, Vallgaar's forces were able to quickly regroup and fortify their positions along the borders of Cybria. Jarl Astrid of Cybria and her army, greatly outnumbered by Vallgaar's forces in Norenstal and the surrounding countryside, retreated west into Førelskov, joining up with the jarls' forces there to fortify their position. In Banderhus, Jarl Bragnr's forces were able to seize control of much of the state, although Vallgaar's forces in Falbaard were able to hold out for several months. To the south, the jarl forces seized control of the cities of Grafholmen and Izenhoth. <br />
<br />
Initially, the jarls hoped to amass two large forces, one in Førelskov and one in Norvia, and and make a rapid push toward Norenstal from the north and south. This plan failed, however, as the King's forces proved to be far better equipped and trained, and were able to route the jarls' forces at the Battle of Boerenir (1828) and the Battle of Grypenveld (1829). By the end of 1829, the conflict had devolved into a war of attrition, with neither side making significant territorial progress. Vallgaar's forces had a clear numerical advantage, and further benefited from control of key port cities in the north. Also working to the King's advantage was the fact that the peasant militias had not joined forces with the jarls, and in fact fought with them as much as Vallgaar's forces. Aware of this fact, Bundgaard sought to forge an alliance with the peasant militias, having little success. <br />
<br />
In the spring of 1830, Vallgaar launched an assault westward into Førelskov and south toward Grafholmen. The jarls' forces suffered a disastrous defeat at the Battle of Bjorndal, and were forced to retreat to Gothendral. In Norvia, the jarls won a Pyrrhic victory in the Battle of Dornhelm. With the jarls' two major centers of power in danger of falling, Bundgaard again sought an alliance with Frederiksen's forces. With the peasant militias' manpower now standing at nearly 30,000 as a result of peasants fleeing Vallgaar's violent reprisals in Cybria, Frederiksen recognized that his forces would have significant say in the formation of a new government in the event Vallgaar was successfully ousted. He thus agreed to work with the jarls, contingent upon the peasantry having a meaningful say in the drafting of constitution after the war.<br />
<br />
==Turning point==<br />
In August of 1830, Vallgaar's forces began closing in on Gothendral. The main body of his army began a march northward through the Grymvar Mountains, where it faced ambushes from peasant forces. Meanwhile, a smaller detachment from Darzenbrom marched west along the coast, pushing the jarl forces back toward the city. To the south, the jarls faced a major defeat in the Battle of Grafholmen and were forced to retreat to Izenhoth. <br />
<br />
In late November, with Vallgaar's forces still stalled in the mountains, a large peasant force launched a series of raids on the towns to the north of Norenstal. This further slowed the progress of Vallgaar's army, as it was forced to send reinforcements. Meanwhile, peasant forces in the mountains continued to harass the King's forces, which were ill-equipped for guerrilla warfare. The onset of a harsh winter further worked against the Royalist forces, with thousands of soldiers perishing from exposure, starvation, and disease. <br />
<br />
The slowing of the King's forces in the mountains allowed the jarls to regroup. With peasant reinforcements, they were able to retake Grafholmen and achieve a crucial victory in the Battle of Tordenhelm, cutting off crucial southern supply lines for the Royalists. By 1831, the King's forces were running low on gunpowder, foodstuffs, and clothing. By consolidating their control of the southern states, the jarl and peasant forces secured access to enough farmland to keep their forces well fed. In the fall of 1831, Vallgaar's weakened forces converged for an assault on Gothendral, suffering a disastrous defeat that forced them to retreat back into Cybria. <br />
<br />
In December of 1831, a combined peasant-jarl force converged for a large-scale assault on Helsingar Fortress, successfully seizing it. This proved to be a major blow to morale for Vallgaar's forces, and prompted a wave of desertions and defections. To the north, the jarls' forces converged on Darzenbrom, the King's last major port city. To the south, forces from Norvia seized towns in southern Cybria and began encroaching upon Norenstal. With the enemy closing in, Vallgaar's remaining divisions fell back to Norenstal and began preparing for a lengthy siege. The peasant militias and the jarls' forces encircled the city and began preparing for the final push. <br />
<br />
During the winter of 1832, an estimated 3,500 civilians died in Norenstal from disease and starvation as a result of the city being cut off from supply lines. On 20 March, Bundgaard and Frederiksen sent a message to Vallgaar imploring him to surrender to avoid further bloodshed, even offering to allow him to remain in power in a reduced capacity if he agreed to do so. After receiving no reply from the King after several weeks, they agreed to commence with the attack, and in the early morning hours of 3 April, the start of the religious holiday of Ostara, the rebel forces entered the outskirts of the city, encountering heavy resistance from Vallgaar's forces.<br />
<br />
==Fall of Norenstal and aftermath of the war==<br />
The Battle of Norenstal lasted nearly five months and cost thousands of lives on all sides, proving to be the single most deadly engagement of the war. On 26 September 1832, the last of Vallgaar's forces in the heart of the city surrendered, and Vallgaar himself was taken into custody inside Hyengaard Palace by peasant forces. The King abdicated the same day and ordered his remaining troops throughout the Kingdom to lay down their arms. <br />
<br />
A provisional government was established the next day, consisting of a council of delegates representing the jarls and the peasant militias. Among the many orders of business considered by the council at its first meeting on 1 October was the fate of the royal family. Frederiksen informed the council that the peasant militias under his command had voted to try the King, Queen, and Crown Prince before a special tribunal for "crimes against the peasantry" and intended to execute them if found guilty. Bundgaard and the other delegates of the jarls objected to this, fearing the precedent such a show trial would set, and demanded Frederiksen turn over the royal family. Frederiksen refused, and a public tribunal took place in Hyengaard Palace on 15 October in which the three refused to speak when offered the chance to defend themselves. After being found guilty, King Vallgaar, Queen Anna, and Crown Prince Davik were sentenced to death by guillotine and executed the following day in Vydenhelm Square.<br />
<br />
The execution further strained the already tense relations between the peasant militias and the jarls, and a number of small skirmishes broke out between their respective forces throughout the Kingdom in the months following the conclusion of the war, leading many to fear that a second civil war was imminent. Elsewhere in the country, unrest began to break out as a result of widespread food shortages. <br />
<br />
==Constitutional convention==<br />
At the second meeting of the provisional council on 20 October 1832, the delegates began planning for a constitutional convention to draft a new constitution for the nation. The convention, comprised of delegates representing the jarls, peasant militias, nobility, townspeople, and the Vallyar Order, met for the first time on 1 December, electing as its president the Banderhus noble Edvard af Telberath, a highly regarded political philosopher who was respected by all sides. <br />
<br />
After three months of bitter debates, it became clear that the two most influential factions at the convention, the jarls and the peasant militias, would not be able to come to an agreement on any major issues. The jarls made clear they would not accept any arrangement that stripped them of their powers or abolished the national monarchy. The militias, in turn, made clear they would not accept any government that was not based on popular sovereignty, nor the retention of absolute monarchy. <br />
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After extensive negotiations, Telberath convinced the delegates to turn over the most controversial question, the status of the monarchy, over to the public in a nationwide referendum. On 4 March 1833, a referendum was held that found a slight majority of the public in favor of a constitutional monarchy over a republic. Using the results of these referendums to frame the debate, the delegates proceeded with the drafting of the new constitution. <br />
<br />
By July 1833, two major proposals had emerged. One greatly limited the power of both the national monarch and the jarls and would have established {{wp|parliamentary sovereignty}}. Another, favored by the jarls, would have created a confederal form of government in which most power would have rested with the states. After months of negotiations, all parties had agreed on a compromise proposal by Telberath that merged elements of both plans. on 25 October 1833 this draft was ratified by the convention and subsequently put before the public for approval in a referendum, receiving overwhelming support. <br />
<br />
Elections were subsequently held that year and, immediately thereafter, parliament went about the process of selecting a new national monarch, eventually settling on Jarl Aksel of Førelskov, a member of the House of Valdenharm, a cadet branch of the by then extinct House of Gryngaard-Sorenzborg. A national referendum was held to test his support, and after Aksel received the support of an overwhelming majority of the population, he was coronated as the new king.<br />
<br />
==Historical interpretations==<br />
The Delkoran Civil War is generally regarded by left-wing historians as an example of a {{wp|bourgeois revolution}}. While the Delkoran bourgeoise had largely sided with the Royalists, the victory of the rebel forces nonetheless paved the way for the rise of capitalism and liberal democracy. Authors writing from a {{wp|Historical materialism|historical materialist}} perspective view the primary cause of the revolution to have been the increasing exploitation of the peasantry over the course of the 18th and early 19th centuries caused by enclosure, industrial serfdom, high taxation, and conscription. <br />
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[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Wars in Tyran]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Delkoran_Federal_Parliament&diff=348104Delkoran Federal Parliament2021-05-14T02:16:45Z<p>Delkora: </p>
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<div>{{Infobox legislature<br />
| name = Delkoran Federal Parliament<br />
| native_name = Delkorsk Føderaleting<br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| transcription_name = <br />
| legislature = 49th Føderaleting<br />
| coa_pic = DelkoraParliamentSeal.png<br />
| coa_res = 200px<br />
| coa_alt = <br />
| coa_caption = <br />
| logo_pic = <br />
| logo_res = <br />
| logo_alt = <br />
| logo_caption = <br />
| house_type = Bicameral<br />
| body = <br />
| jurisdiction = <br />
| houses = Chamber of Nobles<br>Chamber of Representatives<br />
| term_limits = <br />
| foundation = <!--{{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}}--><br />
| disbanded = <!--{{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}}--><br />
| preceded_by = <br />
| succeeded_by = <br />
| new_session = <br />
| leader1_type = Monarch<br />
| leader1 = [[Haldor VII]]<br />
| party1 = <br />
| election1 = <br />
| leader2_type = Lord Speaker of the Chamber of Nobles<br />
| leader2 = Lady Dædra af Alvenbrand ([[Conservative Party (Delkora)|K]])<br />
| party2 = <br />
| election2 = <br />
| leader3_type = Speaker of the Chamber of Representatives<br />
| leader3 = Tor Henriksen ([[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]])<br />
| party3 = <br />
| election3 = <br />
| leader4_type = <br />
| leader4 = <br />
| party4 = <br />
| election4 = <br />
| leader5_type = <br />
| leader5 = <br />
| party5 = <br />
| election5 = <br />
| leader6_type = <br />
| leader6 = <br />
| party6 = <br />
| election6 = <br />
| leader7_type = <br />
| leader7 = <br />
| party7 = <br />
| election7 = <br />
| seats = '''700'''<br>consisting of<br>500 MPs<br>200 Nobles<br />
| house1 = Chamber of Representatives<br />
| house2 = Chamber of Nobles<br />
| structure1 = DelkoranFederalParliament2018.svg<br />
| structure1_res = 300px<br />
| structure1_alt = <br />
| structure2 = DelkoraNobles.svg<br />
| structure2_res = 300px<br />
| structure2_alt = <br />
| political_groups1 = '''Government (314)'''<br>{{color box|#FFFF00}} [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal]] (134)<br/>{{color box|#EE0000}} [[National Labor]] (123)<br/>{{color box|#00FF00}} [[List of political parties in Delkora|Greens]] (57)<br/>'''Official Opposition (145)'''<br>{{color box|#00FFFF}} [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]] (94)<br/> {{color box|#800080}} [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian]] (51)<br/>'''Other Opposition (41)'''<br>{{color box|#000000}} [[List of political parties in Delkora|Alliance for National Action]] (19)<br>{{color box|#A52A2A}} [[Communist Party of Delkora|Communist]] (14)<br>{{color box|#FF6600}} [[List of political parties in Delkora|Lebøvian People's Party]] (5)<br>{{color box|#AD6E00}} [[List of political parties in Delkora|Free Republican]] (3)<br />
| political_groups2 = {{color box|#00FFFF}} [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]] (54)<br>{{color box|#FFFF00}} [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal]] (46)<br>{{color box|#EE0000}} [[National Labor]] (42)<br>{{color box|#800080}} [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian]] (35)<br>{{color box|#00FF00}} [[List of political parties in Delkora|Greens]] (8)<br>{{color box|#808080}} {{wp|Independent politician|Independent}} (15)<br />
| committees1 = <br />
| committees2 = <br />
| joint_committees = <br />
| term_length = <br />
| authority = <br />
| salary = <br />
| seats1_title = <br />
| seats1 = <br />
| seats2_title = <br />
| seats2 = <br />
| seats3_title = <br />
| seats3 = <br />
| seats4_title = <br />
| seats4 = <br />
| seats5_title = <br />
| seats5 = <br />
| seats6_title = <br />
| seats6 = <br />
| seats7_title = <br />
| seats7 = <br />
| seats8_title = <br />
| seats8 = <br />
| voting_system1 = {{wp|Party-list proportional representation|Open list proportional representation}}<br />
| voting_system2 = *Appointment by subnational monarchs on the {{wp|Advice (constitutional)|advice}} of state governments (175 seats)<br><br />
*Appointment by the national monarch on the {{wp|Advice (constitutional)|advice}} of the federal [[Cabinet of Delkora|Cabinet]] (25 seats)<br />
| last_election1 = 5 March 2018<br />
| last_election2 = <br />
| last_election3 = <br />
| next_election1 = 7 March 2022 or earlier<br />
| next_election2 = <br />
| next_election3 = <br />
| redistricting = <br />
| motto = <br />
| session_room = <br />
| session_res = <br />
| session_alt = <br />
| meeting_place = Hyengaard Palace, [[Norenstal]], [[Delkora]]<br />
| session_room2 = <br />
| session_res2 = <br />
| session_alt2 = <br />
| meeting_place2 = <br />
| website = {{url|www.føderaleting.del}} <br />
| constitution =<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Delkoran Federal Parliament''' ({{wp|Danish language|Delkoran}}: ''Føderaleting'', lit. "Federal {{wp|Thing (assembly)|Thing}}") is the bicameral legislative body of [[Delkora]], consisting of the Chamber of Representatives and the Chamber of Nobles. The Chamber of Representatives, the lower house, consists of 500 members who are elected from multi-member districts using party-list proportional representation for four year terms. The Chamber of Nobles consists of 200 peers, including one delegation of 25 from each of the Kingdom's seven states who are appointed by the state's jarl on the advice of the state government, and an additional 25 who are appointed by the national monarch on the advice of the federal [[Cabinet of Delkora|Cabinet]]. Members of the Chamber of Nobles serve eight year terms. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The Chamber of Representatives traces its origins back to the House of Commoners formed by King Edvard IV in 1732 in response to growing demands for popular representation. In practice, it had little power and served mainly as an advisory body for the monarch. It could propose legislation, but the monarch had full authority to veto its proposals. Additionally, eligibility to vote was restricted to property-owning males. <br />
<br />
The Chamber of Nobles, meanwhile, traces its origins back to the Jarl Council established by the Peace of Aberald in 1385. The Council served as a representative body for the Kingdom's jarls, who would send members of their noble courts as delegates to propose laws to the King on their behalf and resolve disputes with other jarls. Although this body was reconstituted as the Chamber of Nobles following the Civil War, it continued to function in more or less the same way as the Council had until the ratification of the Jarls Amendment in 1885, which reduced the jarls to constitutional monarchs who could only act on the advice of their state government. <br />
<br />
==Elections==<br />
Elections to the Chamber of Representatives are required to occur at least every four years. MPs are elected from multi-member constituencies on the basis of party-list proportional representation using the {{wp|D'Hondt method}}. To be eligible to vote, one must be a Delkoran citizen, at least 18 years old, and a current or former resident of Delkora. Candidates likewise must be at least 18 years old, citizens, and reside in the constituency they seek to represent. <br />
<br />
In order to sit in the Chamber of Nobles, a person must be at least 30 years old upon taking office, a Delkoran citizen, reside in the state they will represent, and possess a [[Nobility of Delkora|title of nobility]]. Historically, the nobility requirement tended to restrict membership in the chamber to wealthy hereditary peers. However, as the issuance of noble titles has declined over the years, there has been an increasing tendency for state governments to select candidates without consideration of nobility, and to simply ennoble the candidate prior to their appointment.<br />
<br />
==State opening==<br />
The State Opening of Parliament traditionally occurs the first Monday after an election, by which time a government has almost always been formed due to the practice of coalition agreements being negotiated prior to elections. The newly-constituted Chamber of Representatives assembles at 9:00 AM, with the first order of business being the election of the speaker. Once a speaker is elected and administered the oath of office by the president of the Federal Constitutional Court, the chamber proceeds to a vote on a chancellor candidate. <br />
<br />
After the vote, the monarch formally appoints the nominee, after which they are administered the oath of office as follows: ''"I {Name} do solemnly swear/affirm that I will at all times act in the best interests of the Delkoran people and in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the Kingdom, and that I will renounce the powers of my office upon the expiration of my mandate."'' <br />
<br />
The monarch then gives the Royal Address, a nonpartisan speech intended to signify national unity. To maintain his or her status as a constitutional monarch, the King or Queen does not advocate for specific policies, although some monarchs have used the Royal Address as a way to put issues on the national agenda, such as when [[Haldor VII]] called attention to the issue of climate change at the 1987 State Opening of Parliament. After the Royal Address, the monarch exits the chamber, at which point the chancellor gives an inaugural address outlining the government's objectives.<br />
<br />
==Composition and function==<br />
===Chamber of Representatives===<br />
Each Delkoran Parliament lasts for a period of no more than four years, with each year designated as a session. Members of both chambers meet year-round, with a two month recess from June 1st to August 1st as well as a shorter recess from 1 December to 2 January. Business is normally conducted on weekdays from 9:00am to 5:00pm. {{wp|Government questions}} are held on Wednesdays. <br />
<br />
The Delkoran Constitution specifies that the [[Cabinet of Delkora|government]] is responsible to the Chamber of Representatives, which can oust it through a {{wp|Vote of no confidence|motion of no confidence}}. In the event of such a motion, the government is forced to resign unless it has the support of a majority of MPs. In the event of a successful motion of no confidence, the Chamber has 10 days to nominate a new chancellor. If a candidate cannot be agreed to within this time frame, the Chamber of Representatives is automatically dissolved and a new election must be held within 30 days.<br />
<br />
===Chamber of Nobles===<br />
Unlike the Chamber of Representatives, the Chamber of Nobles cannot be dissolved under any circumstances. Of the chamber's 200 members, 175 are appointed by the jarls of the [[States of Delkora|Delkoran states]], while the remaining 25 are appointed by the national monarch on the advice of the federal Cabinet. Nobles cannot be removed from office prior to the end of their term except for certain serious offenses. While the Chamber of Representatives is highly partisan and adversarial, the Chamber of Nobles functions as a more collegial and sober-minded body.<br />
<br />
In contrast to the lower house, nobles are grouped by state delegation rather than party caucus. Appointment to the chamber is seen as a great honor typically reserved for highly-respected senior statesmen and experienced bureaucrats who command great public confidence. Moreover, these individuals have usually reached the end of their political careers and are not likely to seek another public office after leaving the chamber, and are thus highly insulated from partisan political pressure.<br />
<br />
==Legislative process==<br />
The Delkoran Constitution requires that all legislation originate in the Chamber of Representatives. Most bills are introduced by the cabinet minister responsible for the relevant policy area, although any member can write and introduce legislation. After a bill is submitted to the clerk of the Chamber of Representatives, it is reviewed by the speaker, who then assigns it to a committee. The committees thoroughly examine the legislation and often call on outside experts to give testimony. Bills are often amended extensively at this stage, although these amendments can be struck by the full chamber. By law, all committee meetings and hearings must be open to the public unless they deal with classified information. After analyzing and amending the bill, the committee prepares a report and then votes on whether to advance the bill to the full chamber or table it.<br />
<br />
The rules of the Chamber of Representatives require that all bills advanced out of committee undergo three readings before being voted on unless a majority of members vote to waive one or more of the readings. Each reading is followed by a pre-determined amount of floor debate in which members discuss the merits of the legislation and propose amendments. The government and official opposition are each granted an equal amount of speaking time. Often, the chair of the committee which considered the legislation is the first to speak on the government side, although they typically speak only briefly and yield most of their time to rank and file members. Similarly, party leaders on the official opposition side generally avoid monopolizing speaking time. Out of courtesy, members of parties not affiliated with either the official opposition or the government are often yielded to by which ever side they intend to vote with on a particular bill. After the third reading, any member can introduce a motion to end debate and call to previous question, bringing the bill up for a vote before the full chamber. Alternatively, a motion to table can be adopted if the chamber determines that the final vote should be postponed. Most legislation requires a simple majority of members present and voting to pass the final floor vote.<br />
<br />
Legislation then proceeds to the Chamber of Nobles, where the Lord Speaker assigns it to a committee, which conducts a process similar to the Chamber Representatives. If advanced by the committee, there is an intermediate stage preceding floor debate in which each state's delegation consults with its state's government and provides its assessment of the bill either in person or in writing. State governments may choose to issue statements in support of or in opposition to a bill, and these statements are typically read on the floor by the state's most senior noble. After the consulting phase, the bill is scheduled for floor debate. Unlike in the Chamber of Representatives, there are no strict rules concerning the number of readings a bill must undergo or how long debate should last, and these guidelines are instead established through informal agreements. Time is equally divided between each state's delegation. Debate continues until a motion to end debate and call to previous question is adopted by a majority vote.<br />
<br />
If approved without amendments, the bill proceeds to the monarch, who gives it the royal assent. The bill is then countersigned by the chancellor and published in the Federal Gazette, at which point it becomes law. If the Chamber of Nobles approves a bill with amendments, it returns to the Chamber of Representatives, which can either agree to them or strike them by a simple majority. If the Chamber of Nobles votes against a bill, it is returned to the lower chamber, typically with a message outlining objections. The Chamber of Representatives can nonetheless send the bill to the monarch for the royal assent by a simple majority vote, meaning the upper house is effectively unable to exercise absolute veto power over legislation. It can however, use various tactics to delay a particular bill for as long as 60 days, such as holding extensive committee hearings or drawing out debate. After 60 days, however, the Chamber of Representatives can pass a retrieval motion by a simple majority vote, which brings the bill back to the lower house where it can then be sent to the monarch. These delaying tactics cannot be exercised with revenue and appropriations bills, however, which the Chamber of Nobles is only allowed 10 days to consider. If no vote has taken place within this timeframe, the bill returns to the Chamber of Representatives, where it can then be sent for the royal assent.<br />
<br />
Although most normal legislation requires a simple majority of members present and voting in both chambers, treaties must be approved by a 2/3 majority of all members in both chambers, and the Chamber of Representatives cannot override the opposition of the Chamber of Nobles. Constitutional amendments similarly require a 2/3 majority of all members in both chambers. <br />
<br />
==Powers==<br />
The Delkoran Constitution grants the Federal Parliament the exclusive authority to pass laws concerning foreign affairs, national defense, foreign and interstate commerce, currency regulation, immigration and nationality, elections, and protection of the environment. State parliaments, meanwhile, have the exclusive authority to make laws governing trade within their borders, culture, education, local government, and rules regarding the administration of their governments. All powers not specifically granted to the states under the Constitution are held by the state governments. As a result of the division of powers between the federal and state governments, as well as restrictions on government power outlined in Chapter 9 of the Delkoran Constitution, the Federal Parliament does not operate under the principle of {{wp|parliamentary sovereignty}}. These provisions are consistently upheld by the Federal Constitutional Court, which has the power to strike down acts of Parliament as unconstitutional.<br />
<br />
==Committees==<br />
Both chambers utilize standing and study committees which are formed and governed by rules specific to each chamber. Standing committees are permanent and remain in place when a new Parliament convenes. They have jurisdiction over broad policy areas, and thus most legislation is referred to them. Study committees, meanwhile, are formed by chamber leadership on an ad hoc basis to address emerging or particularly specialized issues. With some exceptions, they generally disband at the close of the Parliament in which they were formed. Joint committees consisting of members from both chambers are occasionally formed to deal with highly important or visible issues. <br />
===Chamber of Representatives Standing Committees===<br />
{{Div col|cols=3}}<br />
*Agriculture<br />
*Budget<br />
*Commerce, Industry, and Trade<br />
*Communications<br />
*Culture<br />
*Defense<br />
*Diversity and Inclusiveness<br />
*Education<br />
*Elections<br />
*Energy<br />
*Ethics<br />
*Environment<br />
*Finance<br />
*Foreign Affairs<br />
*Health<br />
*Immigration<br />
*Infrastructure<br />
*Intelligence and Domestic Security<br />
*Judiciary<br />
*Labor and Pensions<br />
*Parliamentary Procedures<br />
*Public Industries<br />
*Public Safety<br />
*Royal Affairs and the Nobility<br />
*Science and Technology<br />
*Social Welfare<br />
*State and Municipal Government<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Chamber of Nobles standing committees===<br />
{{Div col|cols=2}}<br />
*Constitutional Matters<br />
*Domestic Affairs<br />
*Economics and Trade<br />
*Foreign Affairs and Defense<br />
*Noble Titles and Orders<br />
*Oversight<br />
*Priesthood<br />
*State Government Affairs<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Joint committees===<br />
{{Div col|cols=1}}<br />
*Climate Change<br />
*National Security<br />
*Human Rights<br />
*International Aid and Development<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
==Members==<br />
The Chamber of Representatives has traditionally had a fairly even gender ratio. The 49th Parliament has been notable in that it is the most diverse in the Kingdom's history, with 15% of its members identifying as non-ethnic Delkorans. The average age of MPs is 37. <br />
<br />
==Compensation and privileges==<br />
Members of the Chamber of Representatives receive a yearly salary of 150,000 NSD, while cabinet ministers receive 200,000 NSD and the Chancellor receives 250,000 NSD. Members of the Chamber of Nobles receive a yearly salary of ⊻25,000. Members of both chambers also receive {{wp|per diem}} compensation to cover housing and transportation costs while Parliament is in session. Especially in the Chamber of Representatives, party caucuses rely heavily on staff that includes lawyers, legislative aids, policy advisers, and interns. <br />
<br />
Members of both chambers enjoy a number of privileges under Delkoran law, including immunity from prosecution while Parliament is in session, except when in the commission of a major offense. Additionally, MPs and nobles cannot be prosecuted for anything said on the floor of either chamber. Neither chamber has many restrictions on unparliamentary language, although the Chamber of Representatives maintains a strict requirement that remarks given during floor debate be germane to the legislation being considered.<br />
<br />
==List of constituencies by state==<br />
'''Norenstal''' <br />
*Norenstal-North (21 seats)<br />
*Norenstal-South (25 seats)<br />
'''Cybria''' <br />
*Cybria-North (34 seats)<br />
*Cybria-East (30 seats)<br />
*Cybria-Central (23 seats)<br />
*Cybria-Southwest (21 seats)<br />
*Cybria-Southeast (20 seats)<br />
'''Førelskov''' <br />
*Førelskov-East (35 seats)<br />
*Førelskov-West (31 seats)<br />
*Førelskov-Central (26 seats)<br />
*Førelskov-South (26 seats)<br />
'''Banderhus''' <br />
*Banderhus-North (28 seats)<br />
*Banderhus-East (21 seats)<br />
*Banderhus-West (17 seats)<br />
*Banderhus-South (15 seats)<br />
'''Vassengård''' <br />
*Vassengård-Northwest (23 seats)<br />
*Vassengård-Northeast (21 seats)<br />
*Vassengård-South (17 seats)<br />
'''Norvia''' <br />
*Northern Norvia (26 seats)<br />
*Southern Norvia (24 seats)<br />
'''Lebøvenland'''<br />
*Lebøvenland At-large (16 seats)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Template:Largest_cities_in_Delkora&diff=345795Template:Largest cities in Delkora2021-05-08T03:06:31Z<p>Delkora: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Largest cities<br />
| name = Largest cities of Delkora<br />
| class = nav<br />
| country = Delkora<br />
| kind = Cities<br />
| stat_ref = 2020 Federal Census<br />
| list_by_pop = <br />
| div_name = State<br />
| div_link = <br />
<br />
| city_1 = Norenstal | div_1 = Norenstal | pop_1 = 8,656,402 | img_1 =<br />
| city_2 = Gothendral | div_2 = Førelskov | pop_2 = 3,068,471 | img_2 =<br />
| city_3 = Abenvard | div_3 = Banderhus | pop_3 = 2,145,864 | img_3 =<br />
| city_4 = Darzenbrom | div_4 = Cybria | pop_4 = 1,921,389 | img_4 =<br />
| city_5 = Eldenvard | div_5 = Cybria | pop_5 = 1,702,542 | img_5 =<br />
| city_6 = Tordenhelm | div_6 = Vassengård | pop_6 = 1,521,675 |img_6 =<br />
| city_7 = Izenhoth | div_7 = Vassengård | pop_7 = 875,452 | img_7 =<br />
| city_8 = Grafholmen | div_8 = Norvia | pop_8 = 698,326 | img_8 = <br />
| city_9 = Falbaard | div_9 = Banderhus | pop_9 = 584,723 | img_9 =<br />
| city_10 = Halmodryn | div_10 = Førelskov | pop_10 = 561,855 | img_10=<br />
| city_11 = Tybenhoth | div_11 = Cybria | pop_11 = 547,078 | img_11 =<br />
| city_12 = Fjødonor | div_12 = Førelskov | pop_12 = 518,471 | img_12 =<br />
| city_13 = Raikonir | div_13 = Lebøvenland | pop_13 = 380,982 | img_13 =<br />
| city_14 = Søndenborg | div_14 = Cybria | pop_14 = 374,155 | img_14 =<br />
| city_15 = Helsingar | div_15 = Cybria | pop_15 = 356,392 | img_15 =<br />
| city_16 = Thaldren | div_16 = Førelskov | pop_16 = 344,601 |img_16 =<br />
| city_17 = Kedense | div_17 = Cybria | pop_17 = 325,219 | img_17 =<br />
| city_18 = Vallensborg | div_18 = Banderhus | pop_18 = 317,438 | img_18 = <br />
| city_19 = Holdensbæk | div_19 = Cybria | pop_19 = 312,112 | img_19 =<br />
| city_20 = Jaerevik | div_20 = Førelskov | pop_20 = 308,392 | img_20=<br />
}}</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Delkora&diff=340136Monarchy of Delkora2021-04-25T05:01:45Z<p>Delkora: /* Constitutional role */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox monarchy<br />
| royal_title = King<br />
| realm = Delkora<br />
| native_name = ''Kongen af Delkore''<br />
| border = federal<br />
| coatofarms = Delkora_Coat_of_Arms.PNG<br />
| coatofarms_size =<br />
| coa_alt =<br />
| coatofarms_article = <br />
| coatofarmscaption = <br />
| type = other<br />
| his/her = His <br />
| image = Ιωάννης Αδάμ Β΄ του Λίχτενσταϊν.jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| incumbent = [[Haldor VII]]<br />
| incumbentsince = 1974<br />
| heir_apparent = [[Ingrid, Crown Princess of Delkora|Ingrid]]<br />
| first_monarch = [[Asmund I Fairbeard|Asmund I]]<br />
| formation = 982 CE<br />
| residence = Valdenharm Palace<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Monarchy of Delkora''' is the {{wp|constitutional monarchy}} of the [[Delkora|Kingdom of Delkora]]. The monarchy dates back to 982 CE and has undergone many changes and reforms since then. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
==Constitutional role==<br />
Since the adoption of the Constitution in 1833, the monarchy is relegated to a mostly symbolic role in Delkoran society. The monarch is the head of state and the source of federal executive power. He also holds the position of commander-in-chief of the [[Royal Delkoran Armed Forces|armed forces]]. These powers, however, can only be exercised on the advice of the government. The monarch possesses relatively few {{wp|reserve powers}}. <br />
<br />
After an election, the [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Federal Parliament]] nominates a [[Chancellor of Delkora|chancellor]] candidate whom the monarch is constitutionally obligated to appoint. The monarch is responsible for granting {{wp|royal assent}} to legislation passed by the Federal Parliament in order for it to take effect. In the event the monarch withholds consent, which is exceedingly rare, the legislation is considered promulgated after 10 days. As a result, he can at most delay but not veto laws. <br />
<br />
Aside from these powers, the monarch also formally appoints ambassadors, federal judges, senior members of the civil service, and commissioned military officers on the advice of the government. Prior to 1833, these officials would swear an oath of allegiance to the monarch, but now this oath is taken to the Constitution instead. The monarch also receives the credentials of foreign ambassadors, welcomes visiting heads of state, and represents Delkora on official trips abroad.<br />
<br />
==Cultural role==<br />
In addition to its constitutional role, the Delkoran monarchy is seen as a symbol of the Delkoran people. The institution is known for its {{wp|Bicycle monarchy|informal character}} and sensitivity to public opinion. Members of the royal family attend {{wp|state school}}s in [[Norenstal]] and frequently make unscheduled appearances at public gatherings such as festivals and concerts.<br />
<br />
==Succession==<br />
Rules governing succession to the throne are spelled out in ordinary legislation. Currently, succession is based on {{wp|absolute primogeniture}}. Following the death or abdication of a monarch, the Federal Parliament must pass an instrument of succession certifying the heir apparent as the legitimate successor. Afterward, the heir apparent takes the following oath of office in front of the Chamber of Representatives: ''"I {Name} do solemnly swear/affirm that I will at all times act in the best interests of the Delkoran people and in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the Kingdom, and that I will exercise my powers only on the advice of the government."<br />
<br />
The Federal Parliament can modify the line of succession, for example by skipping over an heir apparent. In the event an eligible successor to the throne cannot be identified, the Federal Parliament is empowered to appoint a successor.<br />
<br />
Under the Delkoran Constitution, the Federal Parliament can dethrone a sitting monarch by a two-thirds majority vote of both chambers, although this provision has not been used to date.<br />
<br />
==Royal family==<br />
The Delkoran Constitution vests the monarchy in the House of Valdenharm. As of 2021, the members of the royal family are:<br />
*Haldor VII, King of Delkora<br />
*Elsa, Queen Consort of Delkora<br />
*Crown Princess Ingrid, Duchess of Cybria<br />
*Princess Ellinor, Duchess of Banderhus<br />
*Princess Astrid, Duchess of Vassengård<br />
*Prince Valmar, Duke of Førelskov <br />
<br />
==Residences and wealth==<br />
The royal family's official residence is Valdenharm Palace, located in Norenstal on the bank of the Trydenvar River. The family also has a vacation home in [[Vassengård]]. The family previously owned numerous other properties around the country including Gaerhus Palace and Meldenborg Castle, although these were brought under public ownership in 1960 by the government of [[Mette Elvensar]]. They are now under the administration of the [[Delkoran administrative agencies|Office of Historical Preservation]] and open to the public as {{wp|historic site}}s.<br />
<br />
In 2020, the Delkoran royal family had an estimated net worth of ⊻12 million, making it among the least wealthy in Eracura. Historically, the family had a much larger personal fortune, but much of it was expropriated in the 1960s under the [[New Kingdom]] program. The monarch and other members of the royal family are subject to federal, state, and local taxation. Their finances are available for public inspection.<br />
<br />
==Public opinion==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Delkora&diff=340122Delkora2021-04-25T04:21:46Z<p>Delkora: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox country<br />
|native_name = ''Kongeriget Delkore''<br />
|conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Delkora<br />
|common_name = Delkora<br />
|national_motto = ''Vox Populi Suprema'' (Latin)<br>"The Voice of the People is Supreme"<br />
|national_anthem = ''Kongelig March''<br>(English: Royal March)<br />
|image_flag = Flag_of_Delkora.png|Flag <br />
|image_coat = Delkora_Coat_of_Arms.PNG|Coat of Arms <br />
|image_map = <br />
|map_caption = Location of Delkora in [[Tyran]]<br />
|alt_map = <br />
|region = <br />
|official_languages = {{wp|Danish language|Delkoran}}<br />
|regional_languages = {{wp|Faroese language|Lebøvian}}, {{wp|German language|German}}, {{wp|Romansch language|Romansch}}, {{wp|Icelandic language|Icelandic}}, {{wp|Scots language|Scots}}, {{wp|Scandoromani language|Traveller Romani}}<br />
|ethnic_groups = 76.8% Delkoran<br>14.9% Sidurian<br>6.7% Other Eracuran<br>1.6% Traveller<br />
|demonym = Delkoran <br />
|capital = [[Norenstal]]<br />
|largest_city = Norenstal <br />
|government_type = {{wp|Federalism|Federal}} {{wp|Parliamentary System|parliamentary}} {{wp|Constitutional Monarchy|constitutional monarchy}}<br />
|leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of Delkora|Monarch]]<br />
|leader_name1 = [[Haldor VII]]<br />
|leader_title2 = [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]]<br />
|leader_name2 = [[Adric Azengaard]]<br />
|leader_title3 = [[Federal Constitutional Court of Delkora|President of the Federal Constitutional Court]]<br />
|leader_name3 = [[Arya Raelenthur]]<br />
|legislature = [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Federal Parliament]]<br />
|upper_house = Chamber of Nobles<br />
|lower_house = Chamber of Representatives<br />
|sovereignty_type = {{wp|Sovereign state|Formation}}<br />
|established_event1 = Consolidation<br />
|established_date1 = 982<br />
|established_event2 = Lebøvenland Instrument of Accession<br />
|established_date2 = 1765<br />
|established_event3 = Current constitution<br />
|established_date3 = 1833<br />
|area_rank = <br />
|area_km2 = <br />
|area_sq_mi = <br />
|percent_water = <br />
|population_estimate = <br />
|population_estimate_rank = <br />
|population_estimate_year = <br />
|population_census = 96,258,934<br />
|population_census_year = 2020<br />
|population_density_km2 = <br />
|population_density_sq_mi =<br />
|population_density_rank = <br />
|GDP_PPP = 2.82 trillion NSD<br />
|GDP_PPP_year = 2020<br />
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = 29,300 NSD<br />
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = <br />
|GDP_nominal = <br />
|GDP_nominal_year = <br />
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = <br />
|HDI = 0.908 <br />
|HDI_rank = <br />
|HDI_year = 2018<br />
|HDI_category = <br />
|Gini = 24.7<br />
|Gini_year = 2018<br />
|Gini_category = <br />
|currency = veld<br />
|currency_code = <br />
|country_code = <br />
|time_zone = <br />
|utc_offset = <br />
|time_zone_DST =<br />
|utc_offset_DST =<br />
|drives_on = right<br />
|cctld = .del<br />
|calling_code = 245<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Delkora''' ({{wp|Danish language|Delkoran}}: ''Delkore''), officially the '''Kingdom of Delkora''' (Delkoran: ''Kongeriget Delkore''), is a federal constitutional monarchy located in northeastern Eracura in [[Tyran]]. Delkora is a {{wp|federal monarchy}} comprised of seven constituent states. The country is bordered by [[Acrea]] in the west, and [[Meᵹelan|Megelan]] and [[Delliria]] to the south. Its capital and largest city is [[Norenstal]]. Delkora enjoys one of the highest standards of living in Tyran due to an extensive welfare state and redistributive economic policies. It consistently scores high on international rankings of civil and political rights. <br />
<br />
Delkora is a member of the [[Organization of Tyrannic Nations]] and the [[Common Sphere]]. It is generally regarded as a {{wp|middle power}} with a moderate degree of influence in Eracura. <br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The word ''Delkore'' is derived from Old East Norse ''Deltskove'', meaning roughly "Shared Forests", a term early Dane inhabitants of present-day northern Delkora used to refer to the dense forestland of the Grymvar Mountains. Throughout the 4th and 5th Centuries, the term ''Delkoren'', translating to "Delkorans", or "People of the Shared Forests", came to be adopted as a term to describe the Norse inhabitants of northeastern Eracura.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Prehistory===<br />
Evidence of the first human settlement appears in Delkora around 12,000 BCE in the form of wooden tools originating from the Trønstad Culture, a hunting-fishing society which occupied much of coastal Delkora. Around 2,500 BCE, the Vassens, an agrarian society originating from Vassengård, began moving northward and eventually came to absorb the Trønstads. <br />
<br />
Beginning around 750 BCE, the Vassens came to be assimilated by Dane tribes migrating east from present-day Acrea, who settled in the northern coastal regions of Delkora and expanded southward over the next several centuries. In the period between the 1st and 3rd centuries CE, dozens of {{wp|petty kingdom}}s emerged and competed with each other for territory. <br />
<br />
===Viking Era and consolidation===<br />
[[File:Battle of Stamford Bridge, full.png|300px|thumb|right|13th century depiction of a Delkoran viking raid]]<br />
The Delkoran Viking Era began in the late 8th century when the largest and most influential of the petty kingdoms began seeking land, trade, and resources from abroad, launching expeditions that targeted various regions throughout eastern Tyran. <br />
<br />
The continued accumulation of wealth and power by the largest petty kingdoms initiated a process of consolidation in Delkora, as smaller kingdoms and fiefdoms were absorbed into the larger ones through conquest or succession. This process culminated in 982 when King Asmund the Grey of Cybria succeeded to the thrones of Førelskov and Banderhus, and subsequently declared himself ''King of the Delkorans''. As king, Asmund ruled over most of the territory of modern-day Delkora, and is regarded as the first Delkoran monarch.<br />
<br />
Even after the establishment of the Delkoran Kingdom, the country remained politically fractured, as the monarch had to share power with regional ''jarls'', who maintained large personal armies and whose backing the monarch needed to remain in power. Up until the 12th century, it was common for unpopular monarchs to be ousted by the jarls. <br />
<br />
Beginning in the 11th Century, Delkora emerged as a major economic power as a result of its control of valuable trade routes. The wealth generated from this trade was mostly concentrated in the large cities along the Kingdom's northern coast, while its southernmost regions, generally isolated from the major trading routes, profited far less. Between 1176 and 1382, resentment between the north and south led to a series of brief conflicts between the personal armies of the northern and southern jarls. <br />
<br />
In an effort to put an end to these costly skirmishes, King Haldor III summoned a conference in the city of Aberald in 1385 where they negotiated the Peace of Aberald. Under the Peace, the jarls agreed to surrender their personal armies to the King in exchange for the freedom to govern their states as they wished, thereby laying the foundation for a federal system of government. The Peace also established the Jarl Council, a forerunner to the Chamber of Nobles, which had the dual purpose of proposing laws to the king and enabling the states to peacefully resolve their disputes.<br />
<br />
===Renaissance=== <br />
The period of relative calm brought about by the Peace of Aberald enabled a period of academic and artistic development in Delkoran society that marked the beginning of its renaissance period. During this time, major advances were made in the fields of astronomy, physics, and chemistry by Delkoran scholars. Prosperous northern cities such as Abenvard, Darzenbrom, Tybenhoth, and Gothendral became the centers of the Renaissance, where scholars at universities wrote prolifically and exchanged ideas. <br />
<br />
The dissemination of their ideas was aided by the advent of metal movable type in the mid-15th Century, as well as increasing rates of literacy. In 1632, Arthur Gustavsen, a Vallyar scholar who had traveled extensively through [[Tyran]], published the ''Encyclopedia Tyranica'', the most comprehensive encyclopedia of Tyrannian history up to that time. <br />
<br />
The reign of Queen Astrid IV (1552-1586) proved to be despotic and violent. As queen, Astrid greatly strengthened the power and influence of the Vallyar Order and targeted any who questioned it. She led a series of purges against monotheist missionaries in Delkora that, by some estimates, killed over 20,000 people.<br />
<br />
===Early modern period===<br />
Astrid's successors, Boromir II and Gretta I, oversaw much of Delkora's early modern period, which saw a trend toward centralization of the Delkoran state. During this time, radical political theorists wrote prolifically in the Kingdom's thriving universities. Major scholars of the era included Halvar Bertram, noted for his writings on ethics and philosophy, Danrik Gammelgaard, famous for his works on economics, and Hans Eliasen, whose writings about human nature and governance would have a significant influence on the development of parliamentary government in the aftermath of Delkoran Civil war. <br />
<br />
In 1765, Lebøvenland joined the Kingdom as a constituent state following adoption of the Lebøvenland Instrument of Accession.<br />
<br />
===Civil war and parliamentary government===<br />
{{main|Delkoran Civil War}}<br />
In 1825, King Vallgaar III, fearing that the peasantry was becoming radicalized against his reign by the spread of liberal political ideas, ordered the jarls to break up peasant communes in the countryside and convert their land into private property. The jarls, believing this to be a violation of the Peace of Aberald, refused. In retaliation, Vallgaar undertook a bloody campaign to disband the communes, prompting a widespread peasant uprising and leading the jarls to begin rebuilding their former armies in an effort to oust him. <br />
<br />
The resulting civil war dragged on for four long years, with the tide eventually turning against Vallgaar when the peasant militias and jarls formed an alliance and, after a string of key victories, closed in on Norenstal and eventually captured the King in 1832. Vallgaar was forced to abdicate and later sentenced to death by guillotine. <br />
<br />
Although the jarls and the peasantry had been united in their opposition to Vallgaar, the Constitutional Convention of 1833 quickly highlighted the divergent interests of the two factions. The jarls had only sought to oust Vallgaar and replace him; they had no desire to pursue fundamental political or social change. Peasant delegates at the convention, meanwhile, demanded the abolition of the monarchy and aristocracy, as well as a redistribution of land. <br />
<br />
Lord Telberath, fearing the country would descend into a second civil war, sought to negotiate a compromise that would be suitable to both sides. Under the Constitution that was eventually ratified, the national monarchy and aristocracy were retained, but stripped of their political power and relegated to a largely ceremonial status. Power was transferred to a bicameral Parliament to be composed of a Chamber of Representatives that would represent the people, and a Chamber of Nobles that would represent the jarls. <br />
<br />
Shortly after the ratification of the Constitution, Parliament began searching for candidates for the national monarchy, eventually settling on Lord Aksel of Tordenhelm, a distant relative of the by then extinct House of Gryngaard-Sorenzborg. A nationwide referendum was held to test Aksel's support, and after winning the approval of a large majority of the population, Aksel was coronated as King Aksel II. National elections were subsequently held for the Chamber of Representatives, and [[Edvard af Telberath]] became the first chancellor of Delkora.<br />
<br />
===Reform=== <br />
Even with the adoption of parliamentary government, vestiges of the old aristocratic order persisted throughout the 1800's. While the new Constitution had stripped the national monarchy of its political power, the jarls of Delkora's seven states had been permitted to continue ruling as essentially absolute monarchs, and often abused their power, sparking calls for reform. The first wave of reform started in the 1870's as urban industrial workers throughout the Kingdom began to organize and demand higher wages and improved working conditions. The United Worker's Congress of Delkora (UWKD) was formed in 1872 to organize mass strikes and lobby lawmakers. <br />
<br />
Fearing the growing power of the UWCD and other labor organizations, the jarls of Førelskov, Vassengård, and Norvia banned them by decree and initiated a violent campaign to disband them. Tensions culminated in 1875 with the Thaldren Massacre, in which police opened fire on striking steel workers, resulting in dozens of casualties and sparking riots throughout the Kingdom. [[National Labor]] was formed under the auspices of the UKDW and began running candidates for the Federal Parliament, coming to power in a coalition government with the Liberal Party in 1880. <br />
<br />
Upon taking office, Chancellor Magnus Brom went about drafting an amendment to the Constitution that would strip the jarls of their political power. The amendment passed by a large margin in the Chamber of Representatives and was approved by a similarly large majority of the Chamber of Nobles, whose members feared the outbreak of another civil war and voted for the amendment in spite of threats from the jarls. Nonetheless, the jarls of Førelskov, Vassengård, and Norvia remained defiant, continuing to rule by decree. In response, Brom sent troops into these states and arrested the jarls, forcing them to abdicate. By 1885, all seven states had adopted parliamentary democratic governments.<br />
<br />
===Economic depression===<br />
The period between 1940 and 1959 was characterized by a massive transfer of wealth to the upper classes. Upon taking office in 1940, the Conservative government of [[Veidnar Albendor]] went about slashing tax rates, with the largest decreases applied to corporations and the wealthy. Although initially popular with the public, the tax cuts resulted in increasingly large budget deficits between 1940 and 1945, prompting the government to implement unpopular cuts to social security and pension spending. <br />
<br />
During this period, the Albendor government also implemented a sweeping deregulation agenda that virtually ended the enforcement of competition law, resulting in the largest corporations and banks gaining increasingly greater influence over the economy. As part of the deregulation agenda, the federal minimum wage was eliminated, resulting in lower wages for workers across nearly every sector of the economy which, when combined with increasing prices as a result of monopolization, led to a sharp spike in the poverty rate and a decrease in aggregate demand. By the early 1950's, the economy had entered a recession, which eventually escalated into a depression in the wake of the 1953 Banking Crisis.<br />
<br />
With unemployment hitting 17% by the fall of 1954, the Albendor government took quick action to prevent the imminent bankruptcy of three of the country's largest employers, Halmodryn Steel, Drommler Automotive, and Elderik-Sonderheim. The bailout package passed by Parliament that year succeeded in keeping the companies in business, but angered the labor movement, who believed the companies had been bailed out on the backs of workers that continued to be laid off and faced poverty wages. <br />
<br />
Facing growing unpopularity in Parliament, Albendor announced his intention to step down as chancellor ahead of the 1956 federal election. [[Hjalmar Madsen]] subsequently succeeded Albendor after the Conservative-Agrarian-Moderate coalition maintained a slim majority. The following year, unemployment reached its peak of 25%, contributing to the increasing radicalization of labor union leadership. Believing that the crisis caused by the depression was optimal for sparking a revolution, radicals in the labor movement began organizing mass cross-industry strikes intended to shut down the economy.<br />
<br />
===Social unrest and the New Kingdom program===<br />
[[File:Fristadstoget, E-tuna.JPG|300px|thumb|right|General strike in Halmodryn, 1959]]<br />
By 1957, civil unrest had spread throughout much of the country as mass strikes virtually paralyzed the economy. In the major cities, large scale protests quickly turned violent when police attempted to disperse them, resulting in rioting in the cities of Norenstal, Gothendral, Abenvard, and Tordenhelm. University campuses proved to be centers of the growing dissident movement as students staged mass walkouts and disruptions.<br />
<br />
Beginning in 1958, the [[Labor Underground]] movement launched a campaign of targeted guerrilla warfare against government and corporate targets that included car bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, and vigilantism.<br />
<br />
As violence spread throughout the cities, Chancellor Madsen declared a national emergency in 1958, arresting thousands of agitators and deploying troops to keep the peace. The following year, he was assassinated by a member of the Labor Underground after an event in Grafholmen. His successor, Thalbius Sörbengaard, proved to be an ineffective leader who was unable to calm the situation and ultimately lost a confidence vote just months after taking office. In the ensuing election, [[National Labor]] won a landslide victory, gaining a rare single-party majority.<br />
<br />
Upon taking office, Chancellor [[Mette Elvensar]] sought to implement National Labor’s [[New Kingdom]] program, a series of wide-ranging reforms that aimed to restructure the Delkoran economy and begin the transition to public and worker ownership of the means of production. Elvensar's successor, [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]], who served as chancellor from 1967 to 1983, continued the implementation of the New Kingdom program, and successfully passed the Economic Rights Amendment of 1976, which embedded many of the reforms into the federal constitution. <br />
<br />
The New Kingdom proved to be highly popular with the working class and trade unions, resulting in National Labor staying in power throughout the 1970's, in coalition with the Liberal Party after 1975. The coalition lost its plurality in the 1983 federal election, leading to a coalition of the Conservative and Agrarian Parties led by [[Lars af Vellarand]] coming to power on a platform of fiscal and social conservatism.<br />
<br />
===1983-present===<br />
The Conservative Party and the Agrarians would remain in power throughout the 1980's and into the first half of the 1990's. Led by Vellarand, the coalition embarked on a program of economic austerity in an effort to reduce the deficit, in addition to pursuing a program of devolution of power to state governments. Vellarand's austerity policies proved to be highly unpopular with the public, although his personal popularity secured his government another term in 1987. Although Vellarand’s coalition had campaigned on reversing the New Kingdom programs, his government had little success, often stymied by the Economic Rights Amendment, and never able to attain a large enough majority in Parliament to repeal it.<br />
<br />
In 1990, Vellarand's mounting health issues prompted him to announce that he would not seek another term as chancellor. [[Ulrik Andersen]] was subsequently elected party leader and became chancellor in 1991 after the Conservative-Agrarian coalition retained a slim majority. Andersen's government was ultimately ousted in 1994 by a vote of no confidence following his indictment on electoral fraud and bribery charges related to the 1991 election. In the ensuing election, National Labor, led by [[Emma Jørgensen]], saw a resurgence of support, and was returned to power in a coalition government with the Liberal Party. The Jørgensen government cut back on military spending and expanded welfare services, stabilizing the economy.<br />
<br />
The 2002 Elections saw [[Kol Vossgaard]] become the country's first Green Party chancellor. During his term, Vossgaard pushed through strict regulations that limited the amount of pollution output allowed by factories and prevented industrial expansion into wilderness areas. These reforms were popular, but the Greens nonetheless lost several seats in the 2006 elections due to poor economic performance. The Conservatives, led by [[Harald Møller]], forged a coalition government with the Agrarian Party.<br />
<br />
In 2012, members of Black Covenant, a far-right Delkoran nationalist group, detonated a bomb inside the Svalbörden Subway Station in downtown Norenstal, killing 57 people. The Møller government responded by passing the National Security Act of 2012, a controversial piece of legislation that greatly expanded the ability of the national government to spy on Delkoran citizens. The government's popularity remained high until 2014, when a severe recession hit, ultimately resulting in the Møller government being ousted in the federal election that year. The Liberals gained dozens of seats, becoming the largest party in Parliament. Adric Azengaard, their leader, became chancellor after negotiating the Kingdom's first "traffic light" coalition government with National Labor and the Greens.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[File:Absolute mer de glace 01.JPG|thumb|200px|Grymvar National Park in Cybria]]<br />
[[File:Frankfurter Altstadt mit Skyline 2012-04.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Gothendral skyline]]<br />
[[File:2018 - Nyhavn on sunset.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Staldrø Municipality in Cybria]]<br />
Located in northeastern Eracura, Delkora borders [[Acrea]] to the west, as well as [[Meᵹelan|Megelan]] and [[Delliria]] to the south. The topography of the Kingdom varies considerably from region to region. The southern states of Banderhus, Vassengård, and Norvia are heavily agrarian and home to most of the Kingdom's arable land. With the exception of the large cities of Izenhoth, Tordenhelm, and Grafholmen, these states are only sparsely populated.<br />
<br />
===Climate===<br />
Most of Delkora has a {{wp|temperate climate}} characterized by mild winters and cool summers, while much of insular Delkora and the far northern coastal areas have a {{wp|subarctic climate}}. In the northern regions, there are relatively large variations in seasonal sunlight.<br />
<br />
===Biodiversity=== <br />
Delkoran ecosystems are characterized by a high degree of biodiversity, with approximately 175,000 known species and an estimated 23,000 that have yet to be described. An extensive body of federal environmental law exists to ensure the preservation of existing species and ecosystems. Strict regulations govern hunting and fishing quotas, and {{wp|whaling}} has been illegal in Delkora's exclusive economic zone since 1962. The Ministry of Environment maintains an extensive list of endangered species, and has developed action plans to rebuild their populations. Strict penalties exist for the unlawful killing of species on this list. <br />
<br />
More recently, Parliament has passed laws regulating gene pools and the distribution of {{wp|genetically modified organisms}}. Forest biomes are protected by a system of national parks and nature preserves, and {{wp|slash-and-burn}} agriculture is prohibited. Forestry laws require replanting at replacement level for all felling operations.<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
{{main|Demographics of Delkora}}<br />
===Population===<br />
{{Historical populations<br />
|footnote =<br />
|shading = off<br />
|1500|10,950,000<br />
|1600|12,810,500<br />
|1700|15,925,600<br />
|1750|18,745,000<br />
|1800|28,975,500<br />
|1825|32,150,400<br />
|1850|37,320,800<br />
|1860|45,275,350<br />
|1870|48,762,591<br />
|1880|51,203,510<br />
|1890|55,642,110<br />
|1900|57,473,992<br />
|1910|61,829,463<br />
|1920|67,602,587<br />
|1930|72,588,902<br />
|1940|78,201,399<br />
|1950|80,650,439<br />
|1960|81,304,587<br />
|1970|84,721,505<br />
|1980|86,010,439<br />
|1990|87,191,375<br />
|2000|89,482,726<br />
|2010|93,151,786<br />
|2020|96,258,934<br />
}}<br />
Following its industrialization in the late 1700's, and the ensuing rise in living standards, Delkora's population began to increase dramatically. Birthrates reached a peak in the 1920's, and started to slowly decline thereafter. Since the immigration reforms of Chancellor Mette Elvensar in the 1960's, the Kingdom has experienced several major waves of immigration from Tyran and abroad. Accordingly, most population growth since 1975 has been driven by immigration. <br />
<br />
As of 2018, the national population was estimated at around 93 million, with a median age of 39 years old and a fertility rate of 1.87 children born per woman. A federal census is conducted every ten years to measure population change and collect demographic data. The next census is scheduled for 2020.<br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
{{wp|Danish language|Delkoran}} is the official language of the Kingdom at the federal level and is spoken by over 97% of the population. State and local governments may establish regional languages as they see fit. Languages recognized on a regional level include {{wp|Faroese language|Lebøvian}}, {{wp|German language|German}}, {{wp|Romansch language|Romansch}}, {{wp|Icelandic language|Icelandic}}, {{wp|Scots language|Scots}} and {{wp|Scandoromani language|Traveller Romani}}. Bilingualism is very common in Delkora.<br />
<br />
===Religion===<br />
{{main|Vallyar}}<br />
Since the early 1900's, Delkora has become increasingly secular. [[Vallyar]] is the official religion of the Kingdom, and 59% of the population are registered members of the Vallyar Order, although it is estimated that less than 20% regularly attend services. Approximately 34% of the population identify as atheist or agnostic, while 5% identify as Christian. The remaining 3% of the population follow some other faith. <br />
<br />
As the Delkoran folk religion, Vallyar has existed in various forms dating as far back as 2500 BCE. It is a {{wp|Polytheism|polytheistic}} faith which posits that a divine and impersonal force known as the Vallyar exists as the "soul" of the universe, from which a pantheon of subordinate deities originate. <br />
<br />
The religion has always lacked an evangelical character due to one of its fundamental tenants being an assumption that human knowledge is constantly evolving, and that other religions could therefore be as valid as Vallyar itself, or at least partially valid. Scholars of religion have noted the egalitarian character of the religion, which even in its earliest stages promoted a society based on gender equality where men and women had equal rights and responsibilities, as well as a rejection of strict hierarchies.<br />
<br />
Although the Delkoran state is officially religious, in practice the Vallyar Order, like the monarchy, now serves a mostly ceremonial role within the government, and has no influence on policy. Moreover, strong religious freedom protections enacted by the federal constitution and various pieces of legislation guarantee the rights of those who do not adhere to the faith. The {{wp|valknut}}, a Vallyar symbol, appears prominently on the Delkoran flag.<br />
<br />
===Ethnicity===<br />
76.8% of the population identifies as ethnic Delkoran, while 6.7% identify as another Eracuran ethnicity, with the largest subset of this group being other Nordic peoples and Goths, followed by Meᵹelanese and Dellirians. Those identifying as a Sidurian ethnicity comprise 14.9% of the population, with the largest subset of this group being Miranians, followed by Mubatans and Quenminese. Lastly, about 1.6% of people identify as {{wp|Travellers}}, a traditionally {{wp|itinerant}} group originating from southern Siduri.<br />
<br />
===Largest cities===<br />
{{Largest cities in Delkora}}<br />
<br />
==Politics and Government==<br />
===Monarchy===<br />
{{main|Monarchy of Delkora}}<br />
[[File:Ιωάννης Αδάμ Β΄ του Λίχτενσταϊν.jpg|200px|thumb|right|King [[Haldor VII]]]]<br />
The Delkoran monarch is a constitutional monarch who holds a largely ceremonial role that is constrained by the federal constitution. The current king, Haldor VII, is a member of the House of Valdenharm, a cadet branch of the now extinct House of Gryngaard-Sorenzborg. Succession to the throne is based on absolute primogeniture, whereby the throne passes to the monarch's eldest child regardless of gender. The current heir apparent to the throne is Crown Princess Ingrid, the first born daughter of Haldor VII and Queen Elsa.<br />
<br />
===Parliament===<br />
{{main|Delkoran Federal Parliament}}<br />
[[File:The swedish parliament - panoramio.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Hyengaard Palace, seat of the Federal Parliament]]<br />
The Delkoran Federal Parliament is a bicameral body composed of the popularly-elected Chamber of Representatives and the indirectly-elected Chamber of Nobles. Members of the Chamber of Representatives are elected from multi-member districts through party list proportional representation. The Chamber of Nobles, the upper house of Parliament, is composed of 175 peers appointed by the jarls of the Kingdom's seven states on the advice of their state governments, as well as an additional 25 appointed by the national monarch on the advice of the federal Cabinet. All legislation must originate in the Chamber of Representatives. It is then sent to the Chamber of Nobles for review, where amendments can be proposed, although they must be approved by the Chamber of Representatives. Because the Chamber of Nobles only has the right to be consulted on legislation and not a right to veto, it can only delay bills, not defeat them. Constitutional amendments and treaties, however, require a 2/3 majority in both chambers.<br />
<br />
The [[Cabinet of Delkora|cabinet]], chaired by the [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]], constitutes the government of the day, and is responsible to the Chamber of Representatives. After an election, the Monarch gives an exploratory mandate to the leader of the largest party to begin forming a government. After a government has been formed, its Chancellor candidate is then subject to an investiture vote, after which the Monarch is constitutionally obligated to appoint them. The Chancellor then appoints the other ministers of the Cabinet. Although executive power is formally exercised by the Monarch, since the ratification of the 1833 Constitution, he or she acts solely on the advice of the Cabinet.<br />
<br />
===Constituent states===<br />
{{main|States of Delkora|Federalism in Delkora}}<br />
Delkora is a federal monarchy consisting of seven states that are each organized as constitutional monarchies with their own heads of state. In each state, a hereditary jarl serves as head of state and formally appoints a first minister from the state parliament, who serves as head of government. Like the national monarch, however, the jarls now serve largely ceremonial roles. Delkora's state parliaments are all unicameral and use some variation of proportional representation. They have considerable power under the Delkoran Constitution, with the authority to pass laws on any subject matter not reserved to the federal government.<br />
<br />
===Judicial System and Law Enforcement===<br />
{{main|Judiciary of Delkora|Law of Delkora|Law enforcement in Delkora}}<br />
[[File:Female police officer of Denmark.jpg|300px|thumb|right|A Førelskov State Police officer in Jaerevik]]<br />
Delkora has a {{wp|Civil law (legal system)|civil law}} legal system. The court system consists of ordinary courts that deal with criminal and private law, and administrative courts. Most cases involving criminal or civil law originate in one of 154 district courts, rulings from which can be appealed to a Superior Court of Justice in each state, and finally the [[Federal Court of Justice (Delkora)|Federal Court of Justice]]. A similar hierarchy exists with respect to administrative courts, with the highest court in this hierarchy being the [[Federal Administrative Court of Delkora|Federal Administrative Court]]. The highest court in the country is the [[Federal Constitutional Court of Delkora|Federal Constitutional Court]], which ensures that all laws and regulations are consistent with the Delkoran Constitution. Additionally, each state has its own constitutional court, which is responsible for adjudicating the meaning of its state constitution. <br />
<br />
Routine law enforcement in the Kingdom takes place primarily at the state level. Each of the country's seven states maintains a police force that is responsible for maintaining the peace and enforcing laws. The [[Federal Police (Delkora)|Federal Police]] enforces federal criminal law and helps to assist and coordinate the activities of the state police agencies. The Federal Border Guard patrols the country's borders and administers border crossings. Prospective police officers undergo two years of training that includes not just physical conditioning and weapons training, but also cultural training and exhaustive mental health and emotional screening.<br />
<br />
===Foreign Relations and Military===<br />
{{main|Foreign relations of Delkora|Royal Delkoran Armed Forces}}<br />
[[File:160608-N-PF515- 001 (26946523723).jpg|300px|thumb|right|Delkoran Army soldiers conducting a training exercise]]<br />
Delkora is a member of the [[Organization of Tyrannic Nations]], the [[Common Sphere]], and is an observer state of the [[Commonwealth of Sovereign Nations]]. Its closest bilateral relations are with other [[Common Sphere]] member states. [[Gylias-Delkora relations|Relations]] with [[Gylias]] have been particularly strong on account of good trade relations and similar cultural values. <br />
<br />
The [[Royal Delkoran Armed Forces]] is composed of four branches including the Royal Army, Navy, Air Force, and Home Guard. The Home Guard is a separate force administered by the states that is primarily responsible for defending strategic infrastructure and providing a rapid response in the event of an invasion. There is a strict separation between the military and civil police forces, with soldiers prohibited from participating in routine law enforcement operations except when necessary during times of civil unrest.<br />
<br />
==Education==<br />
{{main|Education in Delkora}}<br />
The Kingdom guarantees free education at all levels funded primarily through state and local taxation. Throughout the 1950's and 60's, all states in the country came to adopt variations of the Laerenger Model developed by educational psychologist Lara Laerenger. Key features of this model include optional pre-school from age 3 to 6; a highly structured primary education that lasts from age 6 to 12 which focuses on the development of literacy, reasoning ability, and social skills; a less structured lower secondary education with an emphasis on identifying personal strengths and interests from age 12 to 16; and an optional upper secondary education from age 16 to 18 in which students can opt for vocational training or a university preparation curriculum in academy. <br />
<br />
Tertiary education in the country is offered by a range of universities and colleges. Most of these are operated by state governments, although some are run by the federal government. As of 2018, there were 84 universities in Delkora, 24 colleges of applied science, 16 colleges of business, and 7 colleges of art. Bachelors degree programs typically require 3 years of study, masters 2-3, and doctoral degrees 3-4. The Master of Laws (M.L.) degree is required to become a practicing lawyer, in addition to passing the Federal Bar Exam, and requires 4 years of study beyond the bachelor's level. The Doctor of Laws (D.L.) is a PhD program available after completion of the M.L. for those wishing to specialize in a particular area of law or who wish to pursue a career in academics, and requires an additional 3 years of study. Those wishing to become physicians must attain a five year Doctor of Medicine (D.M.) degree after completion of their bachelor's work. The D.M. degree is divided into two years of training in the basic sciences, followed by three years of clinical work. After graduation, candidates must pass the Federal Medical Licensure Test and complete two years of residency. Specialized medical degrees are available beyond the D.M. degree for those wishing to specialize in a particular field of medicine such as cardiology or psychiatry, and require an additional two to three years of study. <br />
<br />
Education policy is highly decentralized. Each state sets its own standards, although the actual administration of schools is mostly left to municipal governments. Since the 1960's, the federal government has sought to impose a uniform set of national standards throughout the country, while leaving the states wide discretion in how they implement the standards. Education is treated as a public good, and while a handful of private schools exist, they are subject to extensive regulation and are barred from receiving public funds. Homeschooling has been banned in every state since 1993.<br />
<br />
==Healthcare==<br />
{{main|Healthcare in Delkora}}<br />
Delkora has a {{wp|single-payer healthcare}} system funded primarily through state and local taxation that provides all medically-necessary and preventive care free at the point of use. The Ministry of Health oversees healthcare at the federal level, although in practice the system is highly decentralized, with most physicians in the Kingdom being employed by state and local governments, which also run most hospitals and clinics. Private health insurance does not exist. <br />
<br />
The country ranks high on most measures of public health, with low rates of child mortality, communicable disease, and premature death. Relative to other developed nations in Tyran, Delkora has low rates of obesity and heart disease. Treatment outcomes for diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's have steadily improved in recent decades due in large part to high levels of government funding for research and development of pharmaceuticals. Overall life expectancy in 2018 was 80.1 years for men and 80.4 years for women. The Delkoran health system has long been noted for its efficiency and high patient satisfaction ratings. In 2018, the average wait time to see a primary care physician was 3 days, while the average wait time to see a specialist was 28 days.<br />
<br />
==Economy==<br />
{{main|Economy of Delkora}}<br />
Delkora is a {{wp|post-industrial economy}}, with services accounting for 73% of GDP, industry 26%, and agriculture 1%. Since the New Kingdom Reforms of the 1960's and 70's, the Delkoran economy has been based on a model of {{wp|market socialism}}. It has one of the highest union densities in Tyran, with close to 87% of Delkoran workers registered as members of a labor union. The Kingdom is known for its large {{wp|worker cooperative|cooperative sector}}, which is the fourth largest in Tyran behind Gylias, Megelan, and Akashi. <br />
<br />
Delkora is also known for its expansive {{wp|welfare state}}, a major component of which is its {{wp|social dividend}} program, financed primarily by profits from publicly-owned stocks, land, and natural resources. <br />
<br />
Delkora has among the highest [[Taxation in Delkora|overall tax burdens]] in [[Tyran|Eracura]], with total tax revenue as a percentage of GDP amounting to 51%. This has helped fund the country's expansive {{wp|welfare state}}.<br />
<br />
The Delkoran income tax system is highly progressive, with the lowest rate set at 5%, while the highest is 85%. The corporate tax rate is similarly progressive, with a rate of 15% applied to most small businesses, while the largest corporations are taxed at 40%. State and local governments also levy taxes, including VAT, excise, stamp duty, registration and license fees, and land value and property taxes. Delkora has among the lowest levels of income inequality in Tyran.<br />
<br />
Major export industries in Delkora include information technology, pharmaceuticals, automobiles, shipbuilding, and steel. Imports include oil and natural gas, raw metals, and foodstuffs. Delkora's closest trading partners are the other members of the [[Common Sphere]].<br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
===Agrarian Tradition===<br />
Early Nordic inhabitants of the Delkoran countryside tended to organize themselves into small communes rather than individual farmsteads. Historians often credit the egalitarian culture of these communes as contributing to the development of a democratic political culture and preference for local governance. Although the communes declined as a major social institution during the Kingdom's industrialization in the 18th and 19th Centuries, their culture has endured in certain rural areas of the country.<br />
<br />
Beginning with the counterculture movements of the 1960's and 70's, traditional agrarian culture was co-opted by radical groups pushing for wide-ranging social reforms, who pointed to the historical influence of the communes as proof that the egalitarian proposals they espoused were simply a return to the country's roots. In the present day, a conservative strain of this communes culture that predominates in the southern states forms the basis of political support for the country's centre-right Agrarian Party, while the more progressive commune culture of Cybria forms the basis of support for the country's Green Party, which is considerably more influential in national politics than its counterparts in other Tyrannian nations.<br />
<br />
===Progressivism===<br />
Delkora is widely seen as a progressive country, both in terms of government policy and the attitudes of its citizens. The country consistently ranks near the top of Tyrannian nations on measures of political and civil rights, worker's rights, civil liberties, and protection of minority rights. Extreme poverty and chronic homelessness have virtually been eliminated due to large-scale income redistribution. Expansive civil rights laws protect individuals from both public and private sector discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin, genetic information, physical appearance, sex, gender identity, sexuality, age, and disability. <br />
<br />
These policies, combined with robust affirmative action laws, have contributed to strong social cohesion. Political institutions are known for being transparent and responsive, and the country has one of the lowest rates of corruption in the world. <br />
<br />
===Cinema and Television===<br />
{{main|Cinema of Delkora|Television in Delkora}}<br />
[[File:Copenhagen Kongens Nytorv.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Kongens Teater in Abenvard]]<br />
Since the early 1930's, Delkora has been home to a thriving cinema industry, with early classics including ''Gothendral Nætter'' (1932) and ''Poets of the Revolution'' (1935). The 1950's saw the production of a number of influential documentaries critical of existing political structures and figures, helping to contribute to growing public dissatisfaction with decades of conservative governance. Films of this era included ''Aristokraterne'' (1956), which helped bring public awareness to the many institutional privileges still enjoyed by members of the aristocracy, as well as ''Fjødonor'' (1958), which detailed the plight of Delkoran steel workers in the city of Fjødonor. <br />
<br />
Major films in recent years have included ''Halvendahl'' (2016), an espionage thriller about a rogue ISD agent, and ''The Gravakr Event'' (2018), a science fiction horror film centered on a small town in northern Vassengård where a series of paranormal events occur after a rare meteor shower.<br />
<br />
Founded in 1932, the publicly-owned [[Delkoran Broadcasting Service]] had a virtual monopoly on television and radio broadcasts in the country until sweeping deregulation of the media industry in the 1980's resulted in a rapid expansion in the number of private media companies. Popular television series in recent years have included the political thriller ''King-in-Council'', about an MP who conspires to become chancellor through backstabbing and intrigue, and ''The Pact'', a dark comedy about a teenage couple who run away from home and embark on a series of bank robberies throughout the country. ''Boromir-12'' is a long-running science fiction series about a group of refugees who seek out a new planet after Earth is rendered uninhabitable by centuries of unmitigated climate change. <br />
<br />
Recent sitcoms have included ''Teachable Moment'', which follows the antics of a group of exceptionally smart yet lazy college students at Abenvard University, as well as ''Precinct 8'', about a team of detectives in the Norenstal Police Service. Beginning in the 1960's, political satire shows started to gain in popularity, and continue to receive high ratings. The most well-known show in this genre is the left-leaning ''[[The Havomar Report]]'', which has aired consistently since 1974 and has received critical acclaim for not only satirizing contemporary political figures and events, but also educating viewers and helping to bring public awareness to obscure issues.<br />
<br />
===Literature===<br />
{{main|Literature of Delkora}}<br />
The earliest Delkoran literature consists of the Seven Sagas, a collection of thousands of short stories, anecdotes, and epic poems started by early Dane tribes around 2,500 BCE, which forms the basis of Vallyar, the Delkoran folk religion. Originally passed down orally, an effort to compile the Sagas into a single piece of text was undertaken during the reign of King Asmund I. Somewhat unique among world religions, the Seven Sagas is considered to be an ongoing piece of work, and each new generation contributes verses to it by way of "findings" issued by the Vallyar Order. In this way, the Sagas provide not just a summary of Delkoran folklore and religious principles, but also a glimpse into the evolution of Delkoran society.<br />
<br />
The Delkoran renaissance saw an outpouring of new literature throughout the 16th Century as Delkoran playwrights and poets produced works that became famous throughout Eracura. The Delkoran Romantic period of literature began in the 1820's as a movement that promoted an idealized vision of the country's traditional culture and past. Famous authors of this period included Bertel Juhl and Haergar Vorengaard. The 1920's was a prolific period for Delkoran playwrights, who produced a number of notable works such as ''Alverne af Hymir'' (1923) by Anna af Gastenholt and ''The Death of Alice'' (1927) by Frederik Bartholmen. The 1930's marked the start of the ''Folkelitteratur'' movement, which broke with traditional literary conventions perceived to be aristocratic or classist. Works of this school emphasized realistic, often mundane characters and plots, as well as the use of low diction.<br />
<br />
As was the case with cinema at the time, Delkoran literature of the 1950's was notable for its critical character. The most famous works of this period were pieces of dystopian political fiction such as Karl Høj's ''Ild Sang'' (1952) and Agetha Espersen's ''Broken Glass'' (1957). The 1950's also saw the rise of anarchist literature produced by writers such as Eva Danielsen. The 1970's was the golden era for Delkoran science fiction, featuring writers such as Natasja Troelsen and Hal Hansen, who were known for their speculative fiction and whose influence can still be seen in recent works of literature in the genre. The early 1980's marked the beginning of Delkoran literature's postmodern period, which continues to the present day, and is best represented by authors such as Lora Gaerdesen and Ærindel Baldengaard, whose works make frequent use of unreliable narrator, stream of consciousness, and metafiction.<br />
<br />
===Cuisine===<br />
Delkoran cuisine has been heavily influenced by its history as a seafaring nation. Salmon, tilapia, crab, and cod are common entrees, often paired with citrus fruit and bread. Red meats are consumed far less often, with the exception of lamb. A glass of wine or a pint of beer is often served with dinner. Coffee is a popular beverage that is typically served after a meal. Delkorans typically consume large breakfasts and small dinners, while eating smaller snacks throughout the day. <br />
<br />
===Holidays===<br />
There are a total of ten holidays observed by the federal government. By law, all non-essential government employees have these days off, as well as most private sector employees. <br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Holiday !! Date !! Reason for Celebration<br />
|-<br />
| New Year's Day || 1 January || Start of a new year<br />
|-<br />
| Ostara || 3 April || Religious celebration of the start of spring<br />
|-<br />
| Labor Day || 1 May || Celebration of workers<br />
|-<br />
| Midsummer || 25 June || Religious celebration of the summer solstice<br />
|-<br />
| Freysblot || 1 August || Religious celebration of the autumn harvest<br />
|-<br />
| Constitution Day || 25 October || Ratification of the current Delkoran Constitution<br />
|-<br />
| Vetrnætr || 31 October || Religious celebration of the start of winter<br />
|-<br />
| Yule || 25 December || Religious celebration of the winter solstice<br />
|-<br />
| New Year's Eve || 31 December || New Year's Eve<br />
|-<br />
| Election Day || Varies|| Federal, state, and local elections<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Transportation and Infrastructure==<br />
[[File:Roadworks Germany A9.jpg|300px|thumb|right|FR-2 in northern Cybria]]<br />
Construction of Delkora's national highway system, which connects all of the Kingdom's major cities and serves as a major conduit for the transportation of commercial goods, began in 1935 during the chancellorship of Sofia Westergaard. The national highway system is complemented by a comprehensive system of state and county roads. Since the 1990's several high-speed rail systems have been built throughout the country. <br />
<br />
Delkoran car manufacturers are known for producing fuel efficient vehicles, and under Delkoran law all fossil fuel-powered vehicles manufactured for sale in the Kingdom after 2010 have been required to get at least 40 highway miles per gallon and 35 city miles. Delkora has one of the highest rates of hybrid and electric car ownership in Tyran.<br />
<br />
==Energy==<br />
{{main|Energy in Delkora}}<br />
[[File:Bad marienberg1.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Wind farm in Darenholm Municipality, Banderhus]]<br />
During the Green-led government of [[Kol Vossgaard]] in the early 2000's, Delkora accelerated its transition away from dependence on fossil fuels and greatly expanded its renewable energy production. Delkora is a {{wp|carbon neutral}} country in which, as of 2019, {{wp|wind power}} accounts for 45% of the Kingdom's total energy output, {{wp|hydropower}} 21%, {{wp|solar energy}} 16%, {{wp|nuclear energy}} 5%, and oil and natural gas 13%. The country's last coal-fired powerplants were decommissioned in 1996, and legislation passed since then has banned coal extraction. Carbon emissions in Delkora are subject to {{wp|carbon tax|taxation}}.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Tyran]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Royal_Delkoran_Armed_Forces&diff=340120Royal Delkoran Armed Forces2021-04-25T04:07:21Z<p>Delkora: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{infobox national military<br />
|country = [[Delkora]]<br />
|name = Royal Delkoran Armed Forces<br />
|native_name = Kongelige Delkorsk Væbnede Styrker<br />
|image = [[Image:RDAF.png|200px]] <br />
|caption =<br />
|image2 =<br />
|caption2 =<br />
|founded = 1385<br />
|current_form =<br />
|disbanded =<br />
|branches = Royal Delkoran Army<br>Royal Delkoran Navy<br>Royal Delkoran Air Force<br>Home Guard <br />
|headquarters = Ministry of Defense, [[Norenstal]]<br />
|flying_hours =<br />
<!-- Leadership --><br />
|commander-in-chief = [[Haldor VII]]<br />
|commander-in-chief_title= Monarch<br />
|minister = Felgar Schrøder<br />
|minister_title = Minister of Defense<br />
|commander = Admiral Kjeld Thomsen <br />
|commander_title = Chair of the Federal Defense Council<br />
<!-- Manpower --><br />
|age = 18<br />
|conscription = Yes, male and female (suspended)<br />
|manpower_data =<br />
|manpower_age =<br />
|available =<br />
|available_f =<br />
|fit =<br />
|fit_f =<br />
|reaching =<br />
|reaching_f =<br />
|active = 276,000<br />
|ranked =<br />
|reserve = 689,000<br />
|deployed =<br />
<!-- Financial --><br />
|amount = 56.4 billion NSD<br><small>(FY 2020)</small><br />
|percent_GDP = 2%<br />
<!-- Industrial --><br />
|domestic_suppliers = Royal Crown Armory<br>Nøhr Group<br />
|foreign_suppliers =<br />
|imports =<br />
|exports =<br />
<!-- Related articles --><br />
|history = [[Delkoran Civil War]]<br />
|ranks =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Royal Delkoran Armed Forces''' are the {{wp|armed forces}} of the [[Delkora|Kingdom of Delkora]], responsible for defending the Kingdom and its territory. It is comprised of four service branches: the Royal Army, Navy, Air Force, and Home Guard. Members of each branch swear an oath of loyalty to the Constitution of Delkora.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The establishment of the Royal Delkoran Armed Forces in their current form is often traced back to 1385 with the creation of the Royal Delkoran Navy.<br />
<br />
Following the [[Delkoran Civil War]], an effort was made to incorporate the jarl armies and peasant militias into the main body of the armed forces, which was met with resistance from many of the militias.<br />
<br />
In 1907, the [[States of Delkora|state]] militias were consolidated into the Home Guard. In 1925, the Royal Delkoran Air Force was established as the newest branch of the armed forces. <br />
<br />
A transition to a more professional force was undertaken in the early 1970s. This included the suspension of conscription and an increase in recruitment.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Organization==<br />
The Delkoran Constitution designates the monarch as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, but because the monarch can only act on the advice of the elected government, ''de facto'' authority rests with cabinet. In peacetime, this authority is ordinarily delegated to the minister of defense, although it can be transferred to the [[Chancellor of Delkora|chancellor]] following a declaration of war. <br />
<br />
The highest-ranking uniformed officers of the armed forces are the Chief of the Army Staff, the Chief of the Naval Staff, the Chief of the Air Staff, and the Chief of the Home Guard Staff. Each reports to a civilian secretary, who in turn reports to the minister of defense. The staff chiefs constitute the members of the Federal Defense Council, a body that advises the chancellor and defense minister on military matters. <br />
<br />
The {{wp|Military reserve force|reserve element}} of the armed forces consists of the reserve components of the three primary branches and a separate force known as the Home Guard, which is administered by each of Delkora's seven states. These forces exist primarily to protect civilians and strategic infrastructure in the event of an invasion, as well as engage in guerrilla warfare and sabotage against enemy forces. In peacetime they are often used to supplement civil authorities in responding to natural disasters. Although normally under the command of their respective state governments, Home Guard units can be called into the service of the federal government in national emergencies.<br />
<br />
==Doctrine==<br />
<br />
==Personnel==<br />
The Royal Delkoran Army is the largest branch of the armed forces, consisting of 200,000 active personnel and 300,000 reservists. The Home Guard is the second largest, with 232,745 personnel, followed by the Royal Navy, with 50,360 active personnel and 105,350 reservists, and the Royal Air Force, with 25,745 active personnel and 50,800 reservists.<br />
<br />
==Conscription== <br />
Conscription was historically an important source of recruitment for the Delkoran military due to cultural mistrust of large standing armies. This began to change in the 1970's as efforts were made to begin transitioning to a fully voluntary force. Conscription was suspended by an executive decree in 1976, and has not been re-instituted since then. Today, all able-bodied Delkoran citizens of both sexes are required to register with the Ministry of Defense within 30 days of their 18th birthday, and are eligible to be called up for service until the age of 35. Conscription can be reinstated at any time by decree of the chancellor, the minister of defense, or a vote of the Federal Parliament. <br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Tyran]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Royal_Delkoran_Armed_Forces&diff=340107Royal Delkoran Armed Forces2021-04-25T03:42:05Z<p>Delkora: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{infobox national military<br />
|country = [[Delkora]]<br />
|name = Royal Delkoran Armed Forces<br />
|native_name = Kongelige Delkorsk Væbnede Styrker<br />
|image = [[Image:RDAF.png|200px]] <br />
|caption =<br />
|image2 =<br />
|caption2 =<br />
|founded = 1385<br />
|current_form =<br />
|disbanded =<br />
|branches = Royal Delkoran Army<br>Royal Delkoran Navy<br>Royal Delkoran Air Force<br>Home Guard <br />
|headquarters = Ministry of Defense, [[Norenstal]]<br />
|flying_hours =<br />
<!-- Leadership --><br />
|commander-in-chief = [[Haldor VII]]<br />
|commander-in-chief_title= Monarch<br />
|minister = Felgar Schrøder<br />
|minister_title = Minister of Defense<br />
|commander = Admiral Kastien Tydenvard <br />
|commander_title = Chair of the Federal Defense Council<br />
<!-- Manpower --><br />
|age = 18<br />
|conscription = Yes, male and female (suspended)<br />
|manpower_data =<br />
|manpower_age =<br />
|available =<br />
|available_f =<br />
|fit =<br />
|fit_f =<br />
|reaching =<br />
|reaching_f =<br />
|active = 276,000<br />
|ranked =<br />
|reserve = 689,000<br />
|deployed =<br />
<!-- Financial --><br />
|amount = 56.4 billion NSD<br><small>(FY 2020)</small><br />
|percent_GDP = 2%<br />
<!-- Industrial --><br />
|domestic_suppliers = Royal Crown Armory<br>Nøhr Group<br />
|foreign_suppliers =<br />
|imports =<br />
|exports =<br />
<!-- Related articles --><br />
|history = [[Delkoran Civil War]]<br />
|ranks =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Royal Delkoran Armed Forces''' are the {{wp|armed forces}} of the [[Delkora|Kingdom of Delkora]], responsible for defending the Kingdom and its territory. It is comprised of four service branches: the Royal Army, Navy, Air Force, and Home Guard. Members of each branch swear an oath of loyalty to the Constitution of Delkora.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The establishment of the Royal Delkoran Armed Forces in their current form is often traced back to 1385 with the creation of the Royal Delkoran Navy.<br />
<br />
Following the [[Delkoran Civil War]], an effort was made to incorporate the jarl armies and peasant militias into the main body of the armed forces, which was met with resistance from many of the militias.<br />
<br />
In 1907, the [[States of Delkora|state]] militias were consolidated into the Home Guard. In 1925, the Royal Delkoran Air Force was established as the newest branch of the armed forces. <br />
<br />
A transition to a more professional force was undertaken in the early 1970s. This included the suspension of conscription and an increase in recruitment.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Organization==<br />
The Delkoran Constitution designates the monarch as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, but because the monarch can only act on the advice of the elected government, ''de facto'' authority rests with cabinet. In peacetime, this authority is ordinarily delegated to the minister of defense, although it can be transferred to the [[Chancellor of Delkora|chancellor]] following a declaration of war. <br />
<br />
The highest-ranking uniformed officers of the armed forces are the Chief of the Army Staff, the Chief of the Naval Staff, the Chief of the Air Staff, and the Chief of the Home Guard Staff. Each reports to a civilian secretary, who in turn reports to the minister of defense. The staff chiefs constitute the members of the Federal Defense Council, a body that advises the chancellor and defense minister on military matters. <br />
<br />
The {{wp|Military reserve force|reserve element}} of the armed forces consists of the reserve components of the three primary branches and a separate force known as the Home Guard, which is administered by each of Delkora's seven states. These forces exist primarily to protect civilians and strategic infrastructure in the event of an invasion, as well as engage in guerrilla warfare and sabotage against enemy forces. In peacetime they are often used to supplement civil authorities in responding to natural disasters. Although normally under the command of their respective state governments, Home Guard units can be called into the service of the federal government in national emergencies.<br />
<br />
==Doctrine==<br />
<br />
==Personnel==<br />
The Royal Delkoran Army is the largest branch of the armed forces, consisting of 200,000 active personnel and 300,000 reservists. The Home Guard is the second largest, with 232,745 personnel, followed by the Royal Navy, with 50,360 active personnel and 105,350 reservists, and the Royal Air Force, with 25,745 active personnel and 50,800 reservists.<br />
<br />
==Conscription== <br />
Conscription was historically an important source of recruitment for the Delkoran military due to cultural mistrust of large standing armies. This began to change in the 1970's as efforts were made to begin transitioning to a fully voluntary force. Conscription was suspended by an executive decree in 1976, and has not been re-instituted since then. Today, all able-bodied Delkoran citizens of both sexes are required to register with the Ministry of Defense within 30 days of their 18th birthday, and are eligible to be called up for service until the age of 35. Conscription can be reinstated at any time by decree of the chancellor, the minister of defense, or a vote of the Federal Parliament. <br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Tyran]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Delkora&diff=340081Law enforcement in Delkora2021-04-25T02:36:59Z<p>Delkora: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Law enforcement in Delkora''' takes place at both the federal and [[States of Delkora|state]] level, and is carried out by a variety of different agencies. Federal law enforcement falls primarily under the jurisdiction of the [[Cabinet of Delkora|Ministry of Justice]]. Routine policing and most criminal investigations are handled by the state police ({{wp|Danish language|Delkoran}}: ''statspoliti''). A total of 120,375 police officers are employed throughout the country, or about 125 per 100,000 people. Delkora is notable for its low rates of crime and incarceration, and high levels of public confidence in the police. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Policing in Delkora has historically been decentralized and handled primarily by the states. Prior to the early modern era, there was no formal police organization. Instead, law and order functions were carried out by mercenaries hired by local nobles, while small villages commonly maintained an informal association of armed watchmen (''vægtere'') to defend against bandits.<br />
<br />
Starting in the 17th century, it became common for each state's jarl to appoint bailiffs (''fogeder'') to administer justice in individual cities and towns. <br />
<br />
The first centralized police organization, the Norenstal Police Authority, was created by a decree of King Vallgaar III in 1812. In the mid 19th century, there was a push to consolidate policing at the state level, leading to the formation of the current state police agencies. <br />
<br />
The formation of the [[Federal Police (Delkora)|Federal Police]] in 1943 was highly controversial at the time due to long-standing cultural mistrust of nationalized policing. Despite some initial antagonism, FPOL and the state police came to develop a close working relationship.<br />
<br />
In the 1990s, several states began implementing {{wp|community policing}} policies, including more frequent foot and bicycle patrols, partnerships with neighborhood organizations, and better communication approaches. <br />
==Federal agencies==<br />
Federal law enforcement is the responsibility of multiple agencies organized under different cabinet ministries. There is a strict separation between federal and state jurisdiction; federal agencies generally only deal with organized crime, terrorism, or cases involving an interstate or international element.<br />
*[[Federal Police (Delkora)|Federal Police]]: Responsible for investigating serious and organized crime, providing security for government officials, and guarding certain critical infrastructure. <br />
*[[Federal Border Guard (Delkora)|Federal Border Guard]]: Provides security at ports of entry.<br />
*[[Federal Prosecution Service (Delkora)|Federal Prosecution Service]]: Conducts prosecutions for criminal cases in which the federal government has jurisdiction.<br />
*[[Federal Revenue Authority (Delkora)|Federal Revenue Authority]]: Responsible for collecting federal taxes and {{wp|customs}}.<br />
<br />
==State police==<br />
Most routine policing in Delkora is handled by seven state police agencies, which fall under the jurisdiction of their state's minister of justice. Although each is governed by the laws of its respective state, there has been a tendency since the 1960s to standardize ranks, organization, and equipment. They vary considerably in size, with the Cybria Police employing 32,576 officers, while the Lebøvenland Police employ 3,650. <br />
====Organization====<br />
Although the exact organizational structure of each state police agency varies, each is generally organized into municipal, metropolitan, county, and regional districts; municipal and metropolitan districts are further subdivided into patrol areas encompassing individual neighborhoods. All districts are arms of the central agency and structured in a hierarchical fashion, with lower levels being subordinate to higher levels and all answering to the state ministry of justice. <br />
====Training====<br />
Prospective police officers must have at least an upper secondary education, pass a background check, and undergo an extensive psychological evaluation. After being accepted into a police academy, they must complete 2 years of studies that include legal education, {{wp|unconscious bias training}}, mental health training, {{wp|de-escalation}} tactics, physical conditioning, and weapons training. <br />
====Equipment====<br />
Officers are assigned a standard-issue pistol that they carry on their person; patrol supervisors may also be assigned a submachine gun that is kept locked down in their vehicle for emergencies. Besides firearms, officers are equipped with a radio, baton, pepper spray, taser, handcuffs, flashlight, and first aid equipment.<br />
====Ranks====<br />
Qualifications for senior ranks vary between states, although, in general, ranks higher than supervisory constable require a bachelor level degree in criminology, law, political science, or a related field, while ranks higher than inspector require a master level degree and are often held by experienced lawyers. <br />
*Police Commissioner<br />
*Subcommissioner <br />
*Superintendent <br />
*Assistant Superintendent <br />
*Chief Inspector <br />
*Inspector<br />
*Deputy Inspector<br />
*Commander<br />
*Lieutenant <br />
*Supervisory Constable<br />
*Senior Constable<br />
*Constable<br />
*Probationary Constable<br />
<br />
==Local agencies==<br />
Some municipalities employ code deputies (''kodeordførere'') that are empowered to enforce local ordinances, respond to minor complaints, provide traffic control at public events, and enforce parking regulations. They do not have the same investigatory or arrest powers as the state police and are considered ordinary civilians under the law.<br />
<br />
==Oversight==<br />
Police in Delkora are subject to several layers of oversight. At the federal level, policing is overseen by the Ministry of Justice, which collects yearly statistics on police use of force, types of crimes prosecuted, and demographics of people arrested. The Ministry has the power to order changes to state police agency policies when it determines they violate civil rights law or are otherwise discriminatory. All police shootings are automatically investigated by the Federal Police. <br />
<br />
Each state maintains a Police Review Board that investigates wrongdoing by police officers and conducts inquiries into public complaints. These boards are separate from the agency they oversee and composed of members appointed by the state government for a single non-renewable term. Members must be experienced lawyers and may not have a background in law enforcement. These boards have a high degree of political independence akin to a court. They have considerable power, including the authority to issue subpoenas, fire personnel, and refer cases for prosecution.<br />
<br />
==Police firearm use==<br />
Police shootings of civilians in Delkora are extremely rare. Police are subject to strict use of force policies, only being permitted to use deadly force to prevent severe bodily injury or death to themselves or others, and only after employing a warning shot if possible. The Ministry of Justice compiles yearly statistics on police firearm use.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right"<br />
|- style="background:#ececec;"<br />
! !! 2012 !! 2013 !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! 2019<br />
|-<br />
| Rounds discharged|| 61 || 32 || 76 || 56 || 39 || 69 || 38 || 42<br />
|-<br />
| Number of injuries|| 12 || 6 || 13 || 11 || 6 || 10 || 9 || 8<br />
|-<br />
| Number of deaths|| 7 || 3 || 8 || 5 || 2 || 5 || 3 || 4<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Prisons==<br />
Delkoran prisons are administered by the states. With a total prison population of 32,624, Delkora has one of the lowest incarceration rates in Eracura, at 35 per 100,000 people. Delkoran prisons focus primarily on rehabilitation, and are known for their humane conditions. Prisoners are able to seek education, skills training, and voluntary employment. All have access to comprehensive health services, including mental healthcare. Most nonviolent prisoners are housed in minimum security {{wp|open prison}}s unless considered a flight risk.<br />
<br />
Under Delkoran [[Law of Delkora|penal law]], prisoners are only restricted in their freedom of movement while incarcerated, and are considered to otherwise retain all the rights and responsibilities of ordinary citizens, including the right to vote. Health, education, and other social services available to prisoners are provided through the Delkoran welfare state and local community organizations rather than prison staff.<br />
<br />
{{wp|Life imprisonment}} as a determinate sentence has been abolished, although extremely dangerous persons can be sentenced to {{wp|preventive detention}}. The maximum determinate sentence possible under the law is 25 years, although the average sentence is just 9 months. Prisoners can often be released on parole after serving 25 to 50 percent of their sentence. The {{wp|death penalty}} was abolished in 1973.<br />
<br />
Delkora has a very low {{wp|recidivism}} rate, with just 15% of convicts committing another offense within 3 years of release.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Law of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Royal_Delkoran_Armed_Forces&diff=339589Royal Delkoran Armed Forces2021-04-24T03:27:19Z<p>Delkora: /* Personnel */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{infobox national military<br />
|country = [[Delkora]]<br />
|name = Royal Delkoran Armed Forces<br />
|native_name = Kongelige Delkorsk Væbnede Styrker<br />
|image = [[Image:RDAF.png|200px]] <br />
|caption =<br />
|image2 =<br />
|caption2 =<br />
|founded = 1385<br />
|current_form =<br />
|disbanded =<br />
|branches = Royal Delkoran Army<br>Royal Delkoran Navy<br>Royal Delkoran Air Force<br>Home Guard <br />
|headquarters = Ministry of Defense, [[Norenstal]]<br />
|flying_hours =<br />
<!-- Leadership --><br />
|commander-in-chief = [[Haldor VII]]<br />
|commander-in-chief_title= Monarch<br />
|minister = Felgar Schrøder<br />
|minister_title = Minister of Defense<br />
|commander = Admiral Kastien Tydenvard <br />
|commander_title = Chair of the Federal Defense Council<br />
<!-- Manpower --><br />
|age = 18<br />
|conscription = Yes, male and female (suspended)<br />
|manpower_data =<br />
|manpower_age =<br />
|available =<br />
|available_f =<br />
|fit =<br />
|fit_f =<br />
|reaching =<br />
|reaching_f =<br />
|active = 450,000<br />
|ranked =<br />
|reserve = 835,000<br />
|deployed =<br />
<!-- Financial --><br />
|amount = 56.4 billion NSD<br><small>(FY 2020)</small><br />
|percent_GDP = 2%<br />
<!-- Industrial --><br />
|domestic_suppliers = Royal Crown Armory<br>Nøhr Group<br />
|foreign_suppliers =<br />
|imports =<br />
|exports =<br />
<!-- Related articles --><br />
|history = [[Delkoran Civil War]]<br />
|ranks =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Royal Delkoran Armed Forces''' are the {{wp|armed forces}} of the [[Delkora|Kingdom of Delkora]], responsible for defending the Kingdom and its territory. It is comprised of four service branches: the Royal Army, Navy, Air Force, and Home Guard. Members of each branch swear an oath of loyalty to the Constitution of Delkora.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The establishment of the Royal Delkoran Armed Forces in their current form is often traced back to 1385 with the creation of the Royal Delkoran Navy.<br />
<br />
Following the [[Delkoran Civil War]], an effort was made to incorporate the jarl armies and peasant militias into the main body of the armed forces, which was met with resistance from many of the militias.<br />
<br />
In 1907, the [[States of Delkora|state]] militias were consolidated into the Home Guard. In 1925, the Royal Delkoran Air Force was established as the newest branch of the armed forces. <br />
<br />
A transition to a more professional force was undertaken in the early 1970s. This included the suspension of conscription and an increase in recruitment.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Organization==<br />
The Delkoran Constitution designates the monarch as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, but because the monarch can only act on the advice of the elected government, ''de facto'' authority rests with cabinet. In peacetime, this authority is ordinarily delegated to the minister of defense, although it can be transferred to the [[Chancellor of Delkora|chancellor]] following a declaration of war. <br />
<br />
The highest-ranking uniformed officers of the armed forces are the Chief of the Army Staff, the Chief of the Naval Staff, the Chief of the Air Staff, and the Chief of the Home Guard Staff. Each reports to a civilian secretary, who in turn reports to the minister of defense. The staff chiefs constitute the members of the Federal Defense Council, a body that advises the chancellor and defense minister on military matters. <br />
<br />
The {{wp|Military reserve force|reserve element}} of the armed forces consists of the reserve components of the three primary branches and a separate force known as the Home Guard, which is administered by each of Delkora's seven states. These forces exist primarily to protect civilians and strategic infrastructure in the event of an invasion, as well as engage in guerrilla warfare and sabotage against enemy forces. In peacetime they are often used to supplement civil authorities in responding to natural disasters. Although normally under the command of their respective state governments, Home Guard units can be called into the service of the federal government in national emergencies.<br />
<br />
==Doctrine==<br />
<br />
==Personnel==<br />
The Royal Delkoran Army is the largest branch of the armed forces, consisting of 325,000 active personnel and 280,000 reservists. The Home Guard is the second largest, with 400,000 personnel, followed by the Royal Navy, with 50,360 active personnel and 105,350 reservists, and the Royal Air Force, with 25,745 active personnel and 50,800 reservists.<br />
<br />
==Conscription== <br />
Conscription was historically an important source of recruitment for the Delkoran military due to cultural mistrust of large standing armies. This began to change in the 1970's as efforts were made to begin transitioning to a fully voluntary force. Conscription was suspended by an executive decree in 1976, and has not been re-instituted since then. Today, all able-bodied Delkoran citizens of both sexes are required to register with the Ministry of Defense within 30 days of their 18th birthday, and are eligible to be called up for service until the age of 35. Conscription can be reinstated at any time by decree of the chancellor, the minister of defense, or a vote of the Federal Parliament. <br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Tyran]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Taxation_in_Delkora&diff=338272Taxation in Delkora2021-04-20T06:18:16Z<p>Delkora: Created page with "'''Taxation in Delkora''' consists of taxes levied by the federal government as well as state and local governments. Delk..."</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Taxation in Delkora''' consists of taxes levied by the federal government as well as [[States of Delkora|state]] and [[Local government in Delkora|local]] governments. Delkora has among the highest overall tax burdens in [[Tyran|Eracura]], with total tax revenue as a percentage of GDP amounting to 51%. This has helped fund the country's expansive {{wp|welfare state}}. <br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Under the Delkoran Constitution, both the federal and state governments are empowered to levy taxes. Federal taxes are administered by the [[Delkoran administrative agencies|Federal Revenue Authority]]. Each state maintains its own tax authority that administers state taxes. The authority of local government units to levy taxes is governed by the laws of their respective state. <br />
<br />
Taxation in Delkora is characterized by a high degree of cooperation between the federal government and the states. Over time, there has been a tendency for the scope of federal taxation to expand. <br />
<br />
Intergovernmental {{wp|transfer payment}}s from the federal government to state and local governments are an important feature of the Delkoran tax system and have helped reduce regional disparities in wealth and development.<br />
<br />
==Federal==<br />
The largest source of federal revenue is personal {{wp|Income tax|income tax}}. Federal income tax is highly progressive, with rates ranging from 5% to 85%. It is applied to all residents on income earned both in Delkora and abroad. <br />
<br />
{{wp|Corporate tax|Corporate}} and {{wp|Capital gains tax|capital gains}} taxes are also levied at the federal level. Like income taxes, the corporate tax structure is progressive, with small and medium sized entities taxed at a lower rate than large companies. The top integrated corporate tax rate (taking into account both corporate and capital gains liability) is 40%. Responsibility for {{wp|Payroll tax|payroll taxes}} is shared evenly between employers and employees.<br />
<br />
Various redistributive taxes are levied by the federal government, including a {{wp|wealth tax}}, an {{wp|inheritance tax}}, and a {{wp|financial transaction tax}}. A federal {{wp|carbon tax}} is applied to greenhouse gas emissions by corporations. <br />
<br />
{{wp|Tariff}}s constitute a relatively small percentage of federal revenue. <br />
<br />
==State and local==<br />
A major source of revenue for Delkoran states is {{wp|Value-added tax|VAT}}. Rates vary between states, with the highest (25%) being found in [[Cybria]], while the lowest (15%) is found in [[Banderhus]]. All states apply a lower rate to essential goods like food and medicine. Additional sources of state revenue include {{wp|Excise tax|excise taxes}}, {{wp|Stamp duty|stamp duties}}, and various licensing and registration fees. <br />
<br />
Municipalities are funded mainly through {{wp|land value tax}} and {{wp|Property tax|property taxes}}. Revenue from these taxes goes toward funding local services such as schools, fire protection, waste water treatment, and road maintenance. Counties do not levy their own taxes. Instead, they are funded by contributions from their constituent municipalities. <br />
<br />
Both state and local governments receive transfer payments from the [[Delkoran administrative agencies#Ministry of Finance|Federal Equalization Fund Administration]] intended to offset disparities in fiscal capacity and ensure that social services are equitably funded in all parts of the country. Large, wealthier states like Cybria are net contributors to the fund, while less wealthy states like [[Lebøvenland]] are net beneficiaries. <br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Economy of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=List_of_Chancellors_of_Delkora&diff=337386List of Chancellors of Delkora2021-04-17T18:25:26Z<p>Delkora: </p>
<hr />
<div>The following is a list of [[Chancellor of Delkora|chancellors]] of the [[Delkora|Kingdom of Delkora]]. Since the establishment of the position in 1833, there have been 27 chancellors.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan=2 | Portrait<br />
! rowspan=2 | Name<br />
! rowspan=2 | Political Party<br />
! colspan=2 | Term of Office<br />
! rowspan=2 | Coalition<br />
! rowspan=2 | Monarch<br />
|-<br />
! Term Start<br />
! Term End<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Victor, 3rd duc de Broglie.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Edvard af Telberath]]<br/><small>(1786-1853)</small><br />
| {{wp|Independent politician|Independent}}<br />
| 1 December 1833 <br />
| 1 December 1837 <br />
| {{wp|National unity government}}<br />
| rowspan = 2 | [[File:Charles XIII of Sweden.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Aksel II of Delkora|Aksel II]]<br>(r. 1833-1846)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Carl Christoffer Georg Andræ.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Thorbjørn Johannessen]]<br/><small>(1782-1857)</small><br />
| [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal]]<br />
| 1 December 1837 <br />
| 1 December 1845 <br />
| [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Jonas Furrer.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Ásgrímur Jacobsen]]<br/><small>(1792-1869)</small><br />
| [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal]]<br />
| 1 December 1845 <br />
| 25 January 1851 <br />
| [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]<br />
| rowspan = 5 | [[File:Frederik VII af August Schiøtt.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Frederik II of Delkora|Frederik II]]<br>(r. 1846-1872)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Schelto van Heemstra.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Klaus Nygaard]]<br/><small>(1795-1863)</small><br />
| [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal]]<br />
| 25 January 1851 <br />
| 25 January 1855 <br />
| [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|B]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Robert Peel by RR Scanlan detail (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Anders Brandt]]<br/><small>(1796-1871)</small><br />
| [[List of political parties in Delkora|Independent]]<br />
| 25 January 1855 <br />
| 12 August 1856<br />
| [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|B]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:2nd V Melbourne (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Lars Gustav af Løvenhelm]]<br/><small>(1802-1881)</small><br />
| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]]<br />
| 12 August 1856 <br />
| 12 August 1868<br />
| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|K]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Louis De Geer 1818-1896 from Hildebrand Sveriges historia.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Tobias Rasmussen]]<br/><small>(1802-1889)</small><br />
| [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal]]<br />
| 12 August 1868 <br />
| 12 August 1872<br />
| [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|B]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|R]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:D G Monrad.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Otto Henrik af Vinterfelt]]<br/><small>(1813-1897)</small><br />
| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]]<br />
| 12 August 1872 <br />
| 12 August 1880<br />
| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|K]]<br />
| rowspan = 2 | [[File:Dowager Queen of Denmark.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Elsa IV of Delkora|Elsa IV]]<br>(r. 1872-1891)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:J. B. S. Estrup by Elfelt.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Magnus Brom]]<br/><small>(1815-1892)</small><br />
| [[National Labor]]<br />
| 12 August 1880 <br />
| 12 August 1888<br />
| [[National Labor|A]]–[[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|D]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Bjorn Jonsson.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Thorvald Kjærsgaard]]<br/><small>(1832-1905)</small><br />
| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]]<br />
| 12 August 1888 <br />
| 12 August 1896<br />
| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|K]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|B]]<br />
| rowspan = 4 | [[File:Willem III (1817-90), koning der Nederlanden, Nicolaas Pieneman, 1856 - Rijksmuseum.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Oskar III of Delkora|Oskar III]]<br>(r. 1891-1921)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Sigurd Ibsen OB.F06068a.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Torsten Branting]]<br/><small>(1844-1917)</small><br />
| [[National Labor]]<br />
| 12 August 1896 <br />
| 12 August 1908<br />
| [[National Labor|A]]–[[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Jens Bratlie.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Niels Frederiksen]]<br/><small>(1854-1932)</small><br />
| [[National Labor]]<br />
| 12 August 1908 <br />
| 12 August 1912<br />
| [[National Labor|A]]–[[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|M]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg by Peter Elfelt.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Olav Brøndum]]<br/><small>(1852-1926)</small><br />
| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]]<br />
| 12 August 1912 <br />
| 12 August 1924<br />
| Brøndum I: [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|K]]–[[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]<br>Brøndum II: [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|K]]–[[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|B]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|M]]<br>Brøndum III: [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|K]]–[[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|M]] <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:BehmMargarete.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Ingeborg Hansen]]<br/><small>(1871-1957)</small><br />
| [[National Labor]]<br />
| 12 August 1924 <br />
| 12 August 1928<br />
| [[National Labor|A]]–[[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]<br />
| rowspan = 4 | [[File:Christian X - Peter Elfelt.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Gunnar II of Delkora|Gunnar II]]<br>(r. 1921-1957)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Julian Nowak 2.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Valdemar Kjeldsen]]<br/><small>(1876-1962)</small><br />
| [[List of political parties in Delkora|Moderate]]<br />
| 12 August 1928 <br />
| 12 August 1932<br />
| [[List of political parties in Delkora|M]]–[[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|B]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Gilda Gray promo.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Sofia Westergaard]]<br/><small>(1890-1976)</small><br />
| [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal]]<br />
| 12 August 1932 <br />
| 15 October 1940<br />
| [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]–[[National Labor|A]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|F]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Veidnar_Albendor.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Veidnar Albendor]]<br/><small>(1882-1963)</small><br />
| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]]<br />
| 15 October 1940 <br />
| 12 August 1956<br />
| Albendor I, II, III: [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|K]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|I]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|B]]<br>Albendor IV: [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|K]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|M]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Knud-kristensen.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Hjalmar Madsen]]<br/><small>(1896-1959)</small><br />
| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]]<br />
| 12 August 1956 <br />
| 16 February 1959 (Assassinated)<br />
| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|K]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|M]]<br />
| rowspan = 3 | [[File:Queen Alexandra of Yugoslavia.jpg|100px]]<br>[[Charlotte III of Delkora|Charlotte III]]<br>(r. 1957-1974)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:SteingrimurSteinthorsson.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]<br/><small>(1899-1973)</small><br />
| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]]<br />
| 25 February 1959 <br />
| 15 May 1959<br />
| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|K]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|M]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Mme Barbara Castle, Ministre britannique du développement outre-mer.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Mette Elvensar]]<br/><small>(1901-1984)</small><br />
| [[National Labor]]<br />
| 8 June 1959 <br />
| 5 June 1967<br />
| [[National Labor|A]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Feldengaard.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]]<br/><small>(1905-1995)</small><br />
| [[National Labor]]<br />
| 5 June 1967 <br />
| 6 June 1983<br />
| Feldengaard I, II: [[National Labor|A]]<br>Feldengaard III, IV: [[National Labor|A]]–[[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]<br />
| rowspan = 7 | [[File:Fürst Hans-Adam II. von und zu Liechtenstein (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[Haldor VII]]<br>(r. 1974-present)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Poul Schluter portrait 2005.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Lars af Vellarand]]<br/><small>(1929-2015)</small><br />
| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]]<br />
| 6 June 1983<br />
| 3 June 1991<br />
| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|K]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|B]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Carl Bildt 2001-05-15.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Ulrik Andersen]]<br/><small>(1949-2017)</small><br />
| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]]<br />
| 3 June 1991<br />
| 21 February 1994<br />
| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|K]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|B]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Emma Jørgensen.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Emma Jørgensen]]<br/><small>(Born 1965)</small><br />
| [[National Labor]]<br />
| 3 March 1994<br />
| 28 March 2002<br />
| [[National Labor|A]]–[[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Erling Moe - Venstre (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Kol Vossgaard]]<br/><small>(Born 1960)</small><br />
| [[List of political parties in Delkora|Green]]<br />
| 28 March 2002<br />
| 6 March 2006<br />
| [[List of political parties in Delkora|G]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|R]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|P]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Former Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen at the Nordic Council Session in Helsinki 2008-10-28.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Harald Møller]]<br/><small>(Born 1953)</small><br />
| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]]<br />
| 6 March 2006<br />
| 3 March 2014<br />
| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|K]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|B]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Journée de la commémoration nationale 2016, Xavier Bettel-301.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Adric Azengaard]]<br/><small>(Born 1968)</small><br />
| [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal]]<br />
| 3 March 2014<br />
| ''Incumbent''<br />
| [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]–[[National Labor|A]]–[[List of political parties in Delkora|G]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Delkora&diff=336711Monarchy of Delkora2021-04-15T12:17:23Z<p>Delkora: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox monarchy<br />
| royal_title = King<br />
| realm = Delkora<br />
| native_name = ''Kongen af Delkore''<br />
| border = federal<br />
| coatofarms = Delkora_Coat_of_Arms.PNG<br />
| coatofarms_size =<br />
| coa_alt =<br />
| coatofarms_article = <br />
| coatofarmscaption = <br />
| type = other<br />
| his/her = His <br />
| image = Ιωάννης Αδάμ Β΄ του Λίχτενσταϊν.jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| incumbent = [[Haldor VII]]<br />
| incumbentsince = 1974<br />
| heir_apparent = [[Ingrid, Crown Princess of Delkora|Ingrid]]<br />
| first_monarch = [[Asmund I Fairbeard|Asmund I]]<br />
| formation = 982 CE<br />
| residence = Valdenharm Palace<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Monarchy of Delkora''' is the {{wp|constitutional monarchy}} of the [[Delkora|Kingdom of Delkora]]. The monarchy dates back to 982 CE and has undergone many changes and reforms since then. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
==Constitutional role==<br />
Since the adoption of the Constitution in 1833, the monarchy is relegated to a mostly symbolic role in Delkoran society. The monarch is the head of state and the source of federal executive power. He also holds the position of commander-in-chief of the [[Royal Delkoran Armed Forces|armed forces]]. These powers, however, can only be exercised on the advice of the government. The monarch possesses relatively few {{wp|reserve powers}}. <br />
<br />
After an election, the [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Federal Parliament]] nominates a [[Chancellor of Delkora|chancellor]] candidate whom the monarch is constitutionally obligated to appoint. The monarch is responsible for granting {{wp|royal assent}} to legislation passed by the Federal Parliament in order for it to take effect. In the event the monarch denies or withholds consent, which is exceedingly rare, the legislation is considered promulgated after 10 days. As a result, he can at most delay but not veto laws. <br />
<br />
Aside from these powers, the monarch also formally appoints ambassadors, federal judges, senior members of the civil service, and commissioned military officers on the advice of the government. Prior to 1833, these officials would swear an oath of allegiance to the monarch, but now this oath is taken to the Constitution instead. The monarch also receives the credentials of foreign ambassadors, welcomes visiting heads of state, and represents Delkora on official trips abroad.<br />
<br />
==Cultural role==<br />
In addition to its constitutional role, the Delkoran monarchy is seen as a symbol of the Delkoran people. The institution is known for its {{wp|Bicycle monarchy|informal character}} and sensitivity to public opinion. Members of the royal family attend {{wp|state school}}s in [[Norenstal]] and frequently make unscheduled appearances at public gatherings such as festivals and concerts.<br />
<br />
==Succession==<br />
Rules governing succession to the throne are spelled out in ordinary legislation. Currently, succession is based on {{wp|absolute primogeniture}}. Following the death or abdication of a monarch, the Federal Parliament must pass an instrument of succession certifying the heir apparent as the legitimate successor. Afterward, the heir apparent takes the following oath of office in front of the Chamber of Representatives: ''"I {Name} do solemnly swear/affirm that I will at all times act in the best interests of the Delkoran people and in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the Kingdom, and that I will exercise my powers only on the advice of the government."<br />
<br />
The Federal Parliament can modify the line of succession, for example by skipping over an heir apparent. In the event an eligible successor to the throne cannot be identified, the Federal Parliament is empowered to appoint a successor.<br />
<br />
Under the Delkoran Constitution, the Federal Parliament can dethrone a sitting monarch by a two-thirds majority vote of both chambers, although this provision has not been used to date.<br />
<br />
==Royal family==<br />
The Delkoran Constitution vests the monarchy in the House of Valdenharm. As of 2021, the members of the royal family are:<br />
*Haldor VII, King of Delkora<br />
*Elsa, Queen Consort of Delkora<br />
*Crown Princess Ingrid, Duchess of Cybria<br />
*Princess Ellinor, Duchess of Banderhus<br />
*Princess Astrid, Duchess of Vassengård<br />
*Prince Valmar, Duke of Førelskov <br />
<br />
==Residences and wealth==<br />
The royal family's official residence is Valdenharm Palace, located in Norenstal on the bank of the Trydenvar River. The family also has a vacation home in [[Vassengård]]. The family previously owned numerous other properties around the country including Gaerhus Palace and Meldenborg Castle, although these were brought under public ownership in 1960 by the government of [[Mette Elvensar]]. They are now under the administration of the [[Delkoran administrative agencies|Office of Historical Preservation]] and open to the public as {{wp|historic site}}s.<br />
<br />
In 2020, the Delkoran royal family had an estimated net worth of ⊻12 million, making it among the least wealthy in Eracura. Historically, the family had a much larger personal fortune, but much of it was expropriated in the 1960s under the [[New Kingdom]] program. The monarch and other members of the royal family are subject to federal, state, and local taxation. Their finances are available for public inspection.<br />
<br />
==Public opinion==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Haldor_VII&diff=336540Haldor VII2021-04-15T02:36:22Z<p>Delkora: /* Titles */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox royalty<br />
| embed = <br />
| name = Haldor VII<br />
| title = [[Monarchy of Delkora|King of Delkora]]<br />
| titletext = <br />
| more = <br />
| type = <br />
| image = Ιωάννης Αδάμ Β΄ του Λίχτενσταϊν.jpg<br />
| image_size = 200px<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
<br />
| succession = <br />
| moretext = <br />
| reign = 1974-present<br />
| reign-type = <br />
| coronation = 12 December 1974<br />
| cor-type = <br />
| predecessor = [[Charlotte III of Delkora|Charlotte III]]<br />
| pre-type = <br />
| successor = [[Ingrid, Crown Princess of Delkora|Ingrid]]<br />
| suc-type = Heir Apparent<br />
| regent = {{List collapsed|title=''See list''|1=[[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]]|2=[[Lars af Vellarand]]|3=[[Ulrik Andersen]]|4=[[Emma Jørgensen]]|5=[[Kol Vossgaard]]|6=[[Harald Møller]]|7=[[Adric Azengaard]]}}<br />
| reg-type = {{nowrap|[[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellors]]}}<br />
<br />
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<br />
<!-- succession4 to succession9 are also available --> <br />
<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1945|06|07|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = Baerendir, [[Cybria]], [[Delkora]] <br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| burial_place = <br />
| spouse = [[Elsa of Delkora|Queen Elsa]]<br />
| spouse-type = Consort<br />
| consort = <!-- yes or no --><br />
| issue = Crown Princess Ingrid<br>Princess Ellinor<br>Princess Astrid<br>Prince Valmar<br />
| issue-link = <br />
| issue-pipe = <br />
| issue-type = <br />
| full name = Haldor Isildur Edric Gunnar Valdenharm<br />
| era name = <br />
| era dates = <br />
| regnal name = <br />
| posthumous name= <br />
| temple name = <br />
| house = Valdenharm<br />
| house-type = <br />
| father = Heinrik<br />
| mother = Charlotte III <br />
<br />
| religion = Vallyar<br />
| occupation = <br />
| signature_type = <br />
| signature = <br />
<br />
| module = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Haldor VII''' (born 7 June 1945) is the current King of Delkora, reigning since 12 December 1974. He is the son of Queen Charlotte III and King Consort Heinrik.<br />
<br />
==Youth and education==<br />
Haldor was born in 1945 to Queen Charlotte III and King Consort Heinrik at the royal family's summer retreat of Konjurhus in Baerendir, Cybria. In a break with tradition, his mother enrolled him in {{wp|state school}} in Norenstal rather than having him attend a prestigious private institution. This was part of her larger efforts to modernize the monarchy and increase public confidence in the institution. He was later accepted into Gothendral University, where he began studying political science and history. In 1962, while studying at Gothendral, Haldor met his future wife, Elsa Borgrensen, and the two later married in 1967. <br />
<br />
After graduating from university in 1965, he spent two years at the Royal Air Force Academy, followed by a year of active duty service in the Royal Air Force as a pilot. After completing his military service, Haldor returned to Gothendral University, obtaining a masters degree and later a PhD in political philosophy in 1976. <br />
<br />
Following the abdication of his mother in 1974 due to poor health, Haldor was coronated, ascending to the throne as King Haldor VII. <br />
<br />
==Reign== <br />
Haldor continued the modernizing reforms started by his mother. Like her, he had an informal personal style and sought to reduce the pageantry that had historically surrounded the Delkoran monarchy. Early on, he established himself as a down-to-earth monarch who frequently made unscheduled public appearances and would often agree to television interviews. Following the new precedent established by his mother, he enrolled his children in Norenstal's state schools. <br />
<br />
At the 1987 state opening of parliament, he broke somewhat with convention by explicitly calling on the Federal Parliament to do more to address the issue of climate change in his royal address, leading many Conservative MPs to accuse him of overstepping his role as a constitutional monarch, although he stopped short of calling for specific policies.<br />
<br />
Major events that have occurred during his reign have included the implementation of the final phases of the [[New Kingdom]] program under [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]], the [[neoliberal conspiracy]] riots and [[Siege of Gothendral]] in 1990–1991, the 2012 Norenstal Subway Bombings, the Nalayan Civil War, and the 2017 Arzell Crisis.<br />
<br />
==Titles==<br />
'''Full title:''' His Royal Majesty King Haldor VII, King of Delkora, Protector of the Realm, and Lord Grand Master of the Vallyar Order<br />
<br />
==Issue==<br />
Crown Princess Ingrid, Duchess of the Cybria (b. 1974)<br>Princess Ellinor, Duchess of Banderhus (b. 1979)<br>Princess Astrid, Duchess of the Vassengård (b. 1982)<br>Prince Valmar, Duke of Førelskov (b. 1982)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Haldor_VII&diff=336539Haldor VII2021-04-15T02:34:45Z<p>Delkora: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox royalty<br />
| embed = <br />
| name = Haldor VII<br />
| title = [[Monarchy of Delkora|King of Delkora]]<br />
| titletext = <br />
| more = <br />
| type = <br />
| image = Ιωάννης Αδάμ Β΄ του Λίχτενσταϊν.jpg<br />
| image_size = 200px<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
<br />
| succession = <br />
| moretext = <br />
| reign = 1974-present<br />
| reign-type = <br />
| coronation = 12 December 1974<br />
| cor-type = <br />
| predecessor = [[Charlotte III of Delkora|Charlotte III]]<br />
| pre-type = <br />
| successor = [[Ingrid, Crown Princess of Delkora|Ingrid]]<br />
| suc-type = Heir Apparent<br />
| regent = {{List collapsed|title=''See list''|1=[[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]]|2=[[Lars af Vellarand]]|3=[[Ulrik Andersen]]|4=[[Emma Jørgensen]]|5=[[Kol Vossgaard]]|6=[[Harald Møller]]|7=[[Adric Azengaard]]}}<br />
| reg-type = {{nowrap|[[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellors]]}}<br />
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<!-- succession4 to succession9 are also available --> <br />
<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1945|06|07|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = Baerendir, [[Cybria]], [[Delkora]] <br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| burial_place = <br />
| spouse = [[Elsa of Delkora|Queen Elsa]]<br />
| spouse-type = Consort<br />
| consort = <!-- yes or no --><br />
| issue = Crown Princess Ingrid<br>Princess Ellinor<br>Princess Astrid<br>Prince Valmar<br />
| issue-link = <br />
| issue-pipe = <br />
| issue-type = <br />
| full name = Haldor Isildur Edric Gunnar Valdenharm<br />
| era name = <br />
| era dates = <br />
| regnal name = <br />
| posthumous name= <br />
| temple name = <br />
| house = Valdenharm<br />
| house-type = <br />
| father = Heinrik<br />
| mother = Charlotte III <br />
<br />
| religion = Vallyar<br />
| occupation = <br />
| signature_type = <br />
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<br />
| module = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Haldor VII''' (born 7 June 1945) is the current King of Delkora, reigning since 12 December 1974. He is the son of Queen Charlotte III and King Consort Heinrik.<br />
<br />
==Youth and education==<br />
Haldor was born in 1945 to Queen Charlotte III and King Consort Heinrik at the royal family's summer retreat of Konjurhus in Baerendir, Cybria. In a break with tradition, his mother enrolled him in {{wp|state school}} in Norenstal rather than having him attend a prestigious private institution. This was part of her larger efforts to modernize the monarchy and increase public confidence in the institution. He was later accepted into Gothendral University, where he began studying political science and history. In 1962, while studying at Gothendral, Haldor met his future wife, Elsa Borgrensen, and the two later married in 1967. <br />
<br />
After graduating from university in 1965, he spent two years at the Royal Air Force Academy, followed by a year of active duty service in the Royal Air Force as a pilot. After completing his military service, Haldor returned to Gothendral University, obtaining a masters degree and later a PhD in political philosophy in 1976. <br />
<br />
Following the abdication of his mother in 1974 due to poor health, Haldor was coronated, ascending to the throne as King Haldor VII. <br />
<br />
==Reign== <br />
Haldor continued the modernizing reforms started by his mother. Like her, he had an informal personal style and sought to reduce the pageantry that had historically surrounded the Delkoran monarchy. Early on, he established himself as a down-to-earth monarch who frequently made unscheduled public appearances and would often agree to television interviews. Following the new precedent established by his mother, he enrolled his children in Norenstal's state schools. <br />
<br />
At the 1987 state opening of parliament, he broke somewhat with convention by explicitly calling on the Federal Parliament to do more to address the issue of climate change in his royal address, leading many Conservative MPs to accuse him of overstepping his role as a constitutional monarch, although he stopped short of calling for specific policies.<br />
<br />
Major events that have occurred during his reign have included the implementation of the final phases of the [[New Kingdom]] program under [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]], the [[neoliberal conspiracy]] riots and [[Siege of Gothendral]] in 1990–1991, the 2012 Norenstal Subway Bombings, the Nalayan Civil War, and the 2017 Arzell Crisis.<br />
<br />
==Titles==<br />
'''Full title:''' His Royal Majesty King Haldor VII, King of Delkoran, Protector of the Realm, and Lord Grand Master of the Vallyar Order<br />
<br />
==Issue==<br />
Crown Princess Ingrid, Duchess of the Cybria (b. 1974)<br>Princess Ellinor, Duchess of Banderhus (b. 1979)<br>Princess Astrid, Duchess of the Vassengård (b. 1982)<br>Prince Valmar, Duke of Førelskov (b. 1982)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Haldor_VII&diff=336538Haldor VII2021-04-15T02:31:12Z<p>Delkora: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox royalty<br />
| embed = <br />
| name = Haldor VII<br />
| title = King of Delkora<br />
| titletext = <br />
| more = <br />
| type = <br />
| image = Fürst Hans-Adam II. von und zu Liechtenstein (cropped).jpg<br />
| image_size = 200px<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
<br />
| succession = <br />
| moretext = <br />
| reign = 1974-present<br />
| reign-type = <br />
| coronation = 12 December 1974<br />
| cor-type = <br />
| predecessor = [[Charlotte III of Delkora|Charlotte III]]<br />
| pre-type = <br />
| successor = [[Ingrid, Crown Princess of Delkora|Ingrid]]<br />
| suc-type = Heir Apparent<br />
| regent = {{List collapsed|title=''See list''|1=[[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]]|2=[[Lars af Vellarand]]|3=[[Ulrik Andersen]]|4=[[Emma Jørgensen]]|5=[[Kol Vossgaard]]|6=[[Harald Møller]]|7=[[Adric Azengaard]]}}<br />
| reg-type = {{nowrap|[[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellors]]}}<br />
<br />
| succession1 = <br />
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| cor-type1 = <br />
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<br />
<!-- succession4 to succession9 are also available --> <br />
<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1945|06|07|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = Baerendir, [[Cybria]], [[Delkora]] <br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| burial_place = <br />
| spouse = [[Elsa of Delkora|Queen Elsa]]<br />
| spouse-type = Consort<br />
| consort = <!-- yes or no --><br />
| issue = Crown Princess Ingrid<br>Princess Ellinor<br>Princess Astrid<br>Prince Valmar<br />
| issue-link = <br />
| issue-pipe = <br />
| issue-type = <br />
| full name = Haldor Isildur Edric Gunnar Valdenharm<br />
| era name = <br />
| era dates = <br />
| regnal name = <br />
| posthumous name= <br />
| temple name = <br />
| house = Valdenharm<br />
| house-type = <br />
| father = Heinrik<br />
| mother = Charlotte III <br />
<br />
| religion = Vallyar<br />
| occupation = <br />
| signature_type = <br />
| signature = <br />
<br />
| module = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Haldor VII''' (born 7 June 1945) is the current King of Delkora, reigning since 12 December 1974. He is the son of Queen Charlotte III and King Consort Heinrik.<br />
<br />
==Youth and education==<br />
Haldor was born in 1945 to Queen Charlotte III and King Consort Heinrik at the royal family's summer retreat of Konjurhus in Baerendir, Cybria. In a break with tradition, his mother enrolled him in {{wp|state school}} in Norenstal rather than having him attend a prestigious private institution. This was part of her larger efforts to modernize the monarchy and increase public confidence in the institution. He was later accepted into Gothendral University, where he began studying political science and history. In 1962, while studying at Gothendral, Haldor met his future wife, Elsa Borgrensen, and the two later married in 1967. <br />
<br />
After graduating from university in 1965, he spent two years at the Royal Air Force Academy, followed by a year of active duty service in the Royal Air Force as a pilot. After completing his military service, Haldor returned to Gothendral University, obtaining a masters degree and later a PhD in political philosophy in 1976. <br />
<br />
Following the abdication of his mother in 1974 due to poor health, Haldor was coronated, ascending to the throne as King Haldor VII. <br />
<br />
==Reign== <br />
Haldor continued the modernizing reforms started by his mother. Like her, he had an informal personal style and sought to reduce the pageantry that had historically surrounded the Delkoran monarchy. Early on, he established himself as a down-to-earth monarch who frequently made unscheduled public appearances and would often agree to television interviews. Following the new precedent established by his mother, he enrolled his children in Norenstal's state schools. <br />
<br />
At the 1987 state opening of parliament, he broke somewhat with convention by explicitly calling on the Federal Parliament to do more to address the issue of climate change in his royal address, leading many Conservative MPs to accuse him of overstepping his role as a constitutional monarch, although he stopped short of calling for specific policies.<br />
<br />
Major events that have occurred during his reign have included the implementation of the final phases of the [[New Kingdom]] program under [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]], the [[neoliberal conspiracy]] riots and [[Siege of Gothendral]] in 1990–1991, the 2012 Norenstal Subway Bombings, the Nalayan Civil War, and the 2017 Arzell Crisis.<br />
<br />
==Titles==<br />
'''Full title:''' His Royal Majesty King Haldor VII, King of Delkoran, Protector of the Realm, and Lord Grand Master of the Vallyar Order<br />
<br />
==Issue==<br />
Crown Princess Ingrid, Duchess of the Cybria (b. 1974)<br>Princess Ellinor, Duchess of Banderhus (b. 1979)<br>Princess Astrid, Duchess of the Vassengård (b. 1982)<br>Prince Valmar, Duke of Førelskov (b. 1982)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Far-left_insurgency_in_Delkora&diff=336129Far-left insurgency in Delkora2021-04-14T05:04:46Z<p>Delkora: Created page with "{{Infobox military conflict |conflict=Far-left insurgency in Delkora |date=1953 – present<br>({{Age in years|month1=01|day1=01|year1=1953}} years) |place=Delkora |causes..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox military conflict<br />
|conflict=Far-left insurgency in Delkora<br />
|date=1953 – present<br>({{Age in years|month1=01|day1=01|year1=1953}} years)<br />
|place=[[Delkora]]<br />
|causes=<br />
|territory=<br />
|result= {{wpl|List of ongoing armed conflicts|Ongoing}}<br />
|combatant1={{flag|Delkora}}<br />
* [[Federal Police (Delkora)|Federal Police]]<br />
* [[Law enforcement in Delkora#State police|State Police]]<br />
* [[Royal Delkoran Armed Forces|Home Guard]]<br />
----<br />
*[[File:Anti-Socialist-Symbol.svg|22px]] Frikorps <!-- right-wing militia --><br />
----<br />
*[[Madsen Group]] and other {{wpl|organised crime}}<br />
----<br />
|combatant2=[[File:Hammer torch and cog symbol Kaiserreich.svg|22px]] [[Labor Underground]]<br />
----<br />
{{flagicon image|Anarchist black cat flag.svg}} {{wpl|Anarchism|Anarchists}}<br />
----<br />
[[File:CircleN.svg|22px]] {{wpl|Squatter}}s<br />
----<br />
[[File:ICC Logo.svg|22px]] {{wpl|Workers' council}}s<br />
----<br />
''Supported by'':<br />
* [[File:LO-emblem.svg|22px]] [[General Labor Confederation of Delkora|LO]] (''clandestine'')<br />
<br />
|commander1= <br />
|commander2=<br />
|strength1=<br />
|strength2=<br />
|casualties1=<br />
|casualties2=<br />
|casualties3=}}<br />
<br />
The '''far-left insurgency in Delkora''' is an ongoing {{wpl|low-intensity conflict}} in [[Delkora]] between the [[Cabinet of Delkora|federal government]] and far-left groups such as the [[Labor Underground]]. Other notable participants in the conflict have included the Frikorps, a former right-wing militia, and {{wpl|organised crime}} groups such as the [[Madsen Group]].<br />
<br />
The conflict is rooted in the [[Economy of Delkora#Economic liberalization and depression|1950s depression]] in Delkora, and was at its peak during that decade. The insurgency declined afterwards and has come to be concentrated in an area known as the "red corridor", with low-level armed attacks. Instead, the conflict is notable for the Labor Underground's successful switch to {{wpl|direct action}} and {{wpl|guerrilla theatre}} tactics, leading to the development of an anarchist network of {{wpl|autonomous social centre}}s and {{wpl|squatting|occupied areas}} which had a profound impact on Delkoran {{wpl|alternative culture}}.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The 1940s saw a decade of [[Economy of Delkora#Economic liberalization and depression|sweeping economic liberalisation]] and political polarisation as the [[List of political parties in Delkora#Third party system (1940-1998)|third party system]] took shape. The right-wing Chancellor [[Veidnar Albendor]] took a hardline approach to governance, and encouraged a second red scare <!--(Kommunistforskrækkelse/Rød Skræk)--> as a means to fight his rivals. These produced an upsurge in militancy and popular revolt, particularly as economic policies resulted in greater inequality to the benefit of the rich.<br />
<br />
The [[Labor Underground]] grew out of the [[1942 Gothendral riots]] and made itself known nationally during the [[1946 Delkoran Steel Strikes|1946 Steel Strikes]]. By the 1950s, they were one of Delkora's largest far-left groups, and their combination of militant tactics and {{wpl|mutual aid}} networks was influential.<br />
<br />
==Timeline==<br />
<br />
===1950s===<br />
The conflict began when the 1953 banking crisis engulfed the country in an [[Economy of Delkora#Economic liberalization and depression|economic depression]]. At a time of mass nationwide unrest, riots, and strikes, the [[Labor Underground]] declared {{wpl|guerrilla warfare}} against the Delkoran government, beginning a campaign of bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, and vigilantism.<br />
<br />
This campaign was primarily targeted against political and corporate figures, and major actions included the assassination of Chancellor [[Hjalmar Madsen]], [[List of political parties in Delkora|National Revival]] leader [[Verner Mørk]], and [[Delkoran Employers' Confederation]] president [[Hans Schou]]. Armed actions against hated figures took place in concert with the AU's provision of {{wpl|mutual aid}} and community social programs, helping them secure public support.<br />
<br />
One crucial component of the far-left insurgency was the position of the [[General Labor Confederation of Delkora]]. Led by [[Mireli Sørensen]], a firebrand {{wpl|syndicalism|syndicalist}} known for her motto ''"LO er rød til død!"'' ("The LO is red until it's dead!"), the LO refused to denounce the AU over its mutual aid activities or cut ties with its community programs. Sørensen saw the AU as an ally against the Conservative government, and was determined not to repeat the [[National Labor#Red scare|mistakes of the first red scare]], when [[National Labor]] and the labour movement fractured between conservative and radical factions and were weakened for decades.<br />
<br />
===1960s–1970s===<br />
The armed phase of the conflict went into decline after the [[Delkoran federal election, 1959|1959 federal election]]. The landslide victory for National Labor and the implementation of the [[New Kingdom]] program undercut the radicalisation that had produced the insurgency.<br />
<br />
The new situation caused a heated internal argument within the AU. The debate pitted the {{wpl|vanguardism|vanguardist}} faction, which advocated a continuation of "people's war" and a strict economic focus, against the {{wpl|libertarian socialism|libertarian}} faction, which advocated broader {{wpl|New Left}} concerns and {{wpl|the long march through the institutions}}. Several splits occurred — by and large, the vanguardists left to form their own organisations, exposing them to government prosecution, while the libertarians now gained power in the AU itself. The [[Mette Elvensar]] government also began a controversial program of {{wpl|disarmament}}, allowing AU groups not directly involved in major acts of violence to avoid prosecution by entering into agreements with the government to surrender their weapons.<br />
<br />
The AU now formulated a ''{{wpl|Spaßguerilla}}'' ("fun guerrilla") strategy. With many AU groups disarmed but intact, the organisation changed focus towards building counterinstitutions, and adopted provocative and humorous {{wpl|direct action}} tactics, such as {{wpl|guerilla theatre}}, {{wpl|Zap (action)|zapping}}, and {{wpl|pieing}}. The aim was to humiliate the authorities and ridicule them, disrupting the functioning of institutions and encouraging public mockery and distrust. The AU made a point of exploiting the mass media, staging pranks, turning trials into farce, and praised pop culture, viewing it as a terrain for revolutionary struggle.<br />
<br />
The change of strategy aided the growth of a significant {{wpl|counterculture}}, forming ties between AU and other {{wpl|new social movements}} such as {{wpl|squatters}}, {{wpl|wildcat strike}}rs, {{wpl|feminism}}, {{wpl|LGBT rights}}, {{wpl|minority rights}}, and {{wpl|environmentalism}}. The "red corridor" formed as a loosely linked series of neighbourhoods that were hotspots of radical activism, particularly among squats. The high rate of labour militancy during the New Kingdom provided opportunities for organisation and growing influence<!--, particularly the famous long-running occupation of the Larzac and the {{wpl|occupation of factories|factory occupations}} of LIP-->. AU members and insurgents also joined various leftist political parties and formed links with the broader LO and ''[[venstjerne]]'' phenomenon in politics.<br />
<br />
Notably, the AU and insurgency benefited from broadly favourable coverage of the [[Delkoran Broadcasting Service|DBS]], whose then-executives the [[NK Group]] were largely sympathetic to the movement. This contributed to a phenomenon of {{wpl|radical chic}}; one famous example was actress [[Valeria Ó hAodha]], who supported the AU and coyly evaded the question of how involved she was with the organisation, with no negative impact on her career.<br />
<br />
The contrast between the public's overall sympathy for the far-left insurgents and the revulsion and ostracisation of the right-wing led the latter to try to fight the insurgents by other means now that they were out of power. A right-wing militia named the Frikorps was organised, but this fell afoul of the authorities and ended disastrously. Right-wing figures also developed links with {{wpl|organised crime}} in an attempt to repress demonstrations and strikes, anticipating the later impact of the [[neoliberal conspiracy]].<br />
<br />
===1980s===<br />
National Labor lost the 1983 federal election to a Conservative–Agrarian coalition led by [[Lars af Vellarand]]. Vellarand represented the {{wpl|national conservative}} faction and his government was strongly shaped by grievance about Delkora's leftist turn under the New Kingdom. It adopted a more hardline position towards the insurgency, pushing for "zero tolerance" policies on squatting, [[Drug policy of Delkora|drugs]], and similar {{wpl|culture war}} issues.<br />
<br />
The Vellarand government provoked a spike in violence, as the insurgency reached a peak not seen since the 1950s. AU-affiliated groups once again resorted to kidnappings and bombings, such as the 1986 bombing of the Royal Delkoran Petroleum office. Vellarand initially used the hardline approach as a wedge issue against National Labor, managing to win re-election in 1987 largely on issues of national security. However, the strategy ultimately backfired, as the public perceived the AU more as pranksters than a threat and blamed the government for escalating the conflict.<br />
<br />
===1990s–2000s===<br />
The 1991 federal election marked the second high point of the insurgency, as the campaign was marred by events that included ongoing [[neoliberal conspiracy]] trials, the Lasermannen shooting spree, and the [[Siege of Gothendral]]. [[Ulrik Andersen]] narrowly managed to remain in office, but the right-wing coalition lost its majority. The years 1991–1994 represented a "de-escalation" period, in which ongoing investigations and exposure of government scandals meant that law enforcement retreated to a more reactive stance, and in turn the AU gradually wound down its campaign of bombings and assassinations.<br />
<br />
After the 1994 federal election returned a National Labor–Liberal coalition to office, [[Emma Jørgensen]] began a renewed program of disarmament and announced an end to proactive government action against squats. "We can live with a peaceful red corridor", she famously declared.<br />
<br />
The disarmament attracted less controversy than it had under Elvensar, as the ''spaßguerrilla'' years had made the public unable to see the insurgents as a serious threat, and thus Vellarand and Andersen had taken the blame for escalating violence in the first place. Although pro-compromise and anti-compromise factions emerged for a time in the AU, it was less affected as well, since the libertarians had long enjoyed predominance.<br />
<br />
The subsequent decades saw the AU resume its counterculture-focused direct action, benefiting greatly from its broader association with Delkora's thriving alternative scene.<br />
<br />
==Diversity of tactics==<br />
The defining trait of the insurgency has been the {{wpl|diversity of tactics}} employed by insurgents and the coordination of various factions into a network of organisations based on shared opposition to the state and mainstream society.<br />
<br />
The AU began the conflict by combining violent action with provision of mutual aid and community social programs, a highly influential tactic that secured a dedicated support base. The disarmament agreements with the government led to a shift towards the ''Spaßguerrilla'' strategy, characterised by {{wpl|street theatre}} and political pranksterism. AU figures took every opportunity to embarrass and humiliate the authorities, and were so effective at derailing several highly-publicised trials into farce that the Elvensar and [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]] governments balked at taking further action for fear of riling up far-left voters.<br />
<br />
{{wpl|Entryism}} was another significant insurgent tactic, in accordance with {{wpl|the long march through the institutions}}. Insurgents joined institutions such as the LO, leftist political parties such as National Labor and the [[Communist Party of Delkora]], [[List of political parties in Delkora|Greens]] and other anarchist organisations and {{wpl|List of frivolous political parties|frivolous parties}}. One significant tactic was to have insurgents become journalists and join various media outlets, particularly the DBS, where they formed secret branches that could steer narratives in a pro-AU direction.<br />
<br />
Part of the success of AU tactics came from the Delkoran left's bitter experience with the first red scare. Eager to avoid another disastrous split, organisations like the LO and National Labor tolerated the presence of insurgents within their ranks, and were strongly opposed to "witch-hunts". The Vellarand and Andersen governments accused the DBS of being infiltrated by insurgents and launched investigations in this regard.<br />
<br />
The governments of Emma Jørgensen and [[Adric Azengaard]] are notable for the presence of several cabinet members with AU backgrounds.<br />
<br />
==In popular culture==<br />
The AU's embrace of mass media and pop culture as a terrain of revolutionary struggle had a powerful impact on Delkoran society. The tactic of exploiting the mass media ensured highly publicised representation and dissemination of anarchist, anti-authoritarian messages and practices. By purging the vanguardist faction, the AU aligned itself fully with the Delkoran counterculture, forging influential alliances between radical activists, social movements, and the labour movement.<br />
<br />
Delkora's alternative scene emerged from this context and was thus characterised by a broadly leftist and {{wpl|DIY ethic}}. Musicians and artists found in the insurgent milieu a significant network of contacts and mutual aid. The "red corridor" proved a fertile source of offbeat venues, including {{wpl|guerrilla gig}}s and {{wpl|basement show}}s. High-profile support from domestic and foreign acts brought significant prestige to playing concerts at {{wpl|autonomous social centre}}s, on par with established venues.<br />
<br />
One lasting legacy of the insurgency has been the emergence and popularisation of {{wpl|radical chic}} in Delkoran culture, which merged with the ''[[venstjerne]]'' phenomenon that politicised pop culture.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Early_1990s_depression_in_Delkora&diff=336125Early 1990s depression in Delkora2021-04-14T04:11:27Z<p>Delkora: </p>
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<div>The '''early 1990s depression in Delkora''' was an {{wpl|economic depression}} that took place in 1991–1994. It was [[Delkora]]'s worst economic crisis since the 1950s depression.<br />
<br />
Caused by a banking crisis and the collapse of the "casino economy" that had emerged in the 1980s, the crisis resulted in the {{wpl|gross national income}} decreasing by 15%, unemployment rising to 18%, and a severe {{wpl|credit crunch}}. Inaction by the [[Ulrik Andersen]] government coupled with exposure of the [[neoliberal conspiracy]] also created a political crisis, culminating in [[Emma Jørgensen]]'s [[National Labor]] winning the 1994 federal election and leading a leftist coalition government.<br />
<br />
One lasting effect of the depression was devastation of Delkora's private sector, leading to an expansion in [[Economy of Delkora#Collectives and communal ownership|collective and communal ownership]].<br />
<br />
==Casino economy==<br />
At the start of the 1980s, the Delkoran financial market was tightly regulated, while the {{wpl|national debt}} had increased as a result of borrowing required to fund the [[Economy of Delkora#New Kingdom program|''Tænk stort'']] policy. The Central Bank of Delkora in return maintained relatively high interest rates to maintain the veld within the [[Common Sphere#Policies|Common Monetary System]].<br />
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[[Lars af Vellarand]]'s government, which took office in 1983, launched a program of {{wpl|fiscal conservatism}}, {{wpl|privatisation}}, and {{wpl|deregulation}}. The latter aspect especially impacted the financial market, leading to a massive credit expansion based especially on foreign debt. Stock and real estate prices increased, attracting frantic speculative activity. Within the private sector, a boom in {{wpl|leveraged buyout}}s and {{wpl|corporate raid}}s took place, and private banks moved into high-risk operations such as company takeovers and foreign investments, for which they had little experience.<br />
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These conditions were collectively nicknamed the "casino economy" ({{wpl|Danish language|Delkoran}}: ''casinøkonomi''). Although the Vellarand government's centrepiece effort to withdraw from the [[Common Sphere]] was [[Delkoran referendum on withdrawal from the Common Sphere, 1984|defeated in a 1984 referendum]], the currency situation represented the main risk to the casino economy. Commercial banks aggressively expanded borrowing in foreign currency, forcing the Central Bank to raise interest rates to prevent economic overheating. The government put pressure on the Central Bank to reduce interest rates, even if this meant destabilising the veld's exchange rate and forcing it out of the CMS.<br />
<br />
==Crisis==<br />
The exposure of the [[neoliberal conspiracy]] and razor-thin result of the 1991 federal election caused a political crisis that began to unravel the casino economy. As the far-left insurgency once again hit a peak and [[Labor Underground]] actions turned increasingly violent, foreign investors began to withdraw from Delkora. A {{wpl|credit crunch}} began, with two of the largest private banks collapsing into bankruptcy in late 1991, and a {{wpl|stock market crash}} occurring.<br />
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[[Ulrik Andersen]] refused to take action to stabilise the financial sector, causing immense controversy. Andersen's avowed {{wpl|neoliberalism|neoliberal}} beliefs made him resistant to a {{wpl|bailout}}, and he had seen the controversy caused by the [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservatives]]' bailout of big business in the wake of the 1953 banking crisis. Instead, many emergency measures to combat the economic crisis were initiated by the opposition, and the government went along with them out of self-preservation.<br />
<br />
The [[Delkoran Federal Parliament]] voted to set up a {{wpl|bad bank}} to liquidate bad debts and guarantee bank deposits, but financial stimulus was limited by the precarious minority government and {{wpl|hung parliament}}. Andersen pushed for austerity policies, which sparked large-scale protests and strikes, and heated up the far-left insurgency to a level not seen since the 1950s depression.<br />
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The economy contracted severely in 1991–1994, with {{wpl|gross national income}} down by 15%, unemployment reaching a peak of 18%, and a spate of bankruptcies creating a {{wpl|liquidity crisis}}. The private sector, heavily consolidated through the buyout boom of the previous decade, suffered the brunt of the crisis, with many large firms declaring bankruptcy. By contrast, the {{wpl|cooperative}} sector weathered the depression better, especially since many cooperatives were either absent from the stock market or had withdrawn due to the risk of corporate raids.<br />
<br />
==Aftermath==<br />
The {{wpl|perfect storm}} of the depression and neoliberal conspiracy turned voters strongly against the right-wing. The Conservatives suffered landslide defeats in the state elections of 1992; their inaction contributed to the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Centre Democrats]] breaking off and siphoning much of the centre-right electorate. This was a prelude to the left's similarly crushing victory in the 1994 federal election.<br />
<br />
[[Emma Jørgensen]]'s [[National Labor]]–[[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal]] coalition used the crisis to implement sweeping reforms aimed at socialising the economy and reversing a decade of right-wing austerity. It began its term with a package of emergency measures that included suspending the veld's {{wpl|convertibility}}, a complete halt to international transfers, and a ⊻2 trillion {{wpl|Stimulus (economics)|economic stimulus}} program, much of it directed towards {{wpl|public works}} and {{wpl|environmental sustainability}}. The veld's convertibility was gradually restored as the economy emerged from depression, and it resumed its place in the CMS after an appropriate revaluation relative to other currencies.<br />
<br />
In the long run, the depression greatly aided the passage of Jørgensen's program, especially with regards to socialisation of the economy. The depression had hit the private sector much harder than the cooperative sector, and the government took advantage with policies that increased [[Economy of Delkora#Collectives and communal ownership|collective and communal ownership]]. The right-wing being discredited as a result of the crisis transformed the framework surrounding {{wpl|FIRE economy|productivity and inequality}}, and the government adopted socialist-oriented {{wpl|Rehn–Meidner model|structural adjustments and active labor market policies}} in the context of the {{wpl|digital revolution}}, and largely succeded in transitioning to a {{wpl|post-industrial economy}} without severe losses to the manufacturing sector or declines in social indicators.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Economy of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Alice_Mariarsd%C3%B3ttir&diff=336124Alice Mariarsdóttir2021-04-14T04:07:53Z<p>Delkora: </p>
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<div>{{Infobox officeholder<br />
|honorific-prefix = {{wp|The Most Honorable}}<br />
|name = Alice Mariarsdóttir<br />
|native_name =<br />
|honorific-suffix = <br />
|image = Alisa Mellon, 5-16-23 LOC npcc.08535 (cropped).jpg<br />
|imagesize = 230px<br />
|office = [[States of Delkora|First Minister of Norvia]]<br />
|term_start = 1946<br />
|term_end = 1958<br />
|birth_date = 29 May 1901<br />
<!-- |birth_place = Kedense, [[Cybria]], [[Delkora]] --><br />
|death_date = {{death date and age|1969|9|25|1901|5|29|df=y}}<br />
|death_place = Grafholmen, [[Norvia]], [[Delkora]]<br />
|alma_mater = University of Grafholmen<br />
|party = [[Farmers' Alliance]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Alice Mariarsdóttir''' (29 May 1901 – 25 September 1969) was a Delkoran businesswoman, socialite, and politician who served as First Minister of [[Norvia]] from 1946 to 1958. She was one of the founding figures of the state's [[Farmers' Alliance]], which had a significant impact on Norvian politics.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Alice Mariarsdóttir was born on 29 May 1901 in [[Norvia]]. She came from a [[Lebøvenland|Lebøvian]] family, and had a {{wpl|matronymic}} instead of a surname due to parental choice. She had a younger brother, Paul (1907–1999).<br />
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Coming from a well-off background, she studied at the University of Grafholmen, earning a degree in {{wpl|agronomy}}, and as a teenager spent her summers traveling in Eracura and Siduri. She married a high society figure at her parents' insistence in 1926, but the marriage was unsuccessful due to mutual incompatibility and ended in divorce in 1945. Instead, she began a business career in agriculture, with modest success.<br />
<br />
==First Minister of Norvia==<br />
Alice grew interested in state politics. She felt an affinity for the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian Party]], but was disgusted by the federal party's subservience to the [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservatives]] in the [[Veidnar Albendor]] government. The Albendor government's budgets, seen as extremely disadvantageous to Norvia, provoked a revolt in the state's Agrarian Party, which disaffiliated itself from its federal counterpart in protest. <br />
<br />
Alice played a prominent role in the revolt and secured a merger with the state branch of the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Democratic Farmers' Party]], forming the [[Farmers' Alliance]]. It won a plurality in the 1946 state election, and she formed a minority government backed by [[National Labor]] and the [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberals]]. She would lead the party to re-elections in 1950 and 1954, with slightly larger pluralities.<br />
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Ideologically, she was a moderate with {{wpl|paternalistic conservatism|paternalistic conservative}} tendencies. She opposed {{wpl|small government}} ideology and was {{wpl|social liberalism|liberal on social issues}}. <br />
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She passed a series of progressive and {{wpl|social democracy|social democratic}} reforms, which included the expansion of {{wpl|agricultural cooperatives}}, the establishment of a state-owned {{wpl|grain elevator}}, expansion of transportation infrastructure, modernisation of schools and hospitals, and strengthening welfare programs. Her main preoccupation as first minister was the health of Norvian agriculture, and she sought to promote agricultural education and work over industry.<br />
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Her agenda put her into conflict with Albendor's federal government, the two repeatedly clashing over [[Federalism in Delkora|federal–state fiscal issues]]. On one occasion, she imposed a "boycott" of Delkora to put pressure on the government, halting Norvian trade with the other states and instead expanding trade with [[Meᵹelan|Megelan]].<br />
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Alice had a modest public image and strove to position herself as a "champion of the small farmer" against industry and agricultural {{wpl|big business}}. She was a passionate {{wpl|equestrienne}} and often simply wore her horse-racing suit and {{wpl|bowler hat}} in public, earning her the nickname "Gentleman Alice". <br />
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Her conflicts with Albendor embittered her towards the Conservatives — during one election campaign, she stood on a pile on {{wpl|manure}} and began her speech by apologising to the crowd for speaking from a Conservative platform.<br />
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Her last term was marred by the 1950s depression, which she tried to combat by taking all forests into state ownership and building {{wpl|hydroelectricity|hydroelectric power plants}}. Faced with little help from the federal government and suffering from stress, she announced her retirement for health reasons in 1958. At that year's state election, National Labor won a plurality but the Farmers' Alliance finished second, and the two formed a coalition.<br />
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==Later life and death==<br />
Alice remained an elder stateswoman for the Farmers' Alliance and Norvian politics, but declined offers to move to federal politics. At the [[Delkoran federal election, 1959|1959 federal election]], she supported National Labor, which won a landslide victory. She became a prominent centrist to centre-right figure supporting the [[New Kingdom]] program, together with [[List of political parties in Delkora|Moderate]] leader [[Edith Pedersen]]. She was appointed by [[Mette Elvensar]] as head of the [[Delkoran administrative agencies#Ministry of Agriculture|Federal Forestry Office]] from 1959 to 1967.<br />
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She died on 25 September 1969 in a Grafholmen hospital.<br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
Alice remains one of Norvia's best-known first ministers. Her role in the creation of the Farmers' Alliance transformed Norvian politics by establishing a strong state-only party, countering the rightward drift of the federal Agrarians and the later merger of the Democratic Farmers' Party into the [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberals]] outside Norvia.<br />
<br />
Starting in the 1960s, the Farmers' Alliance enjoyed two decades as the major competitor of National Labor and the Liberals. Even after it was relatively displaced by the emergence of the New Conservatives in the 1980s, it remains a major party in Norvia, regularly finishing in second or third place at state elections.<br />
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[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Delkoran Politicians]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Farmers%27_Alliance&diff=335983Farmers' Alliance2021-04-13T19:49:18Z<p>Delkora: Created page with "{{Infobox political party | name = Farmers' Alliance | native_name = ''Bønderforbundet'' | native_name_lang = Danish | abbreviation = ᛒ | logo = RSZML clover, 1925 version...."</p>
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<div>{{Infobox political party<br />
| name = Farmers' Alliance<br />
| native_name = ''Bønderforbundet''<br />
| native_name_lang = Danish<br />
| abbreviation = ᛒ<br />
| logo = RSZML clover, 1925 version.svg<br />
| colorcode = #008080<br />
| founded = 1945<br />
| ideology = {{plainlist|<br />
* {{wpl|Agrarianism}}<br />
* {{wpl|Populism}}<br />
* {{wpl|Progressivism}} }}<br />
| position = {{wpl|Centrism|Centre}}<br />
| colours = {{color box|#008080|border=darkgray}} Teal<br />
| anthem = <br />
| country = [[Delkora]]<br />
| split = [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian Party]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Farmers' Alliance''' ({{wp|Danish language|Delkoran}}: ''Bønderforbundet'') is a {{wp|Centrism|centrist}} political party in [[Delkora]], active in [[Norvia]]. It split from the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian Party]] in 1946 and has remained a notably successful [[States of Delkora|state-level]] political party since.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The impetus for the party was the participation of the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian Party]] in [[Veidnar Albendor]]'s coalition government, whose economic policies were seen as damaging to farmers. The conflict caused the [[Norvia]] branch to disaffiliate itself from the federal party in protest, and instead merge with the state [[List of political parties in Delkora|Democratic Farmers' Party]], forming the Farmers' Alliance.<br />
<br />
The party's first leader was [[Alice Mariarsdóttir]], who had a defining impact on its character and politics. She served as [[States of Delkora|First Minister of Norvia]] from 1946 to 1958, leading a minority government backed by [[National Labor]] and the [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberals]]. Ideologically a moderate with {{wpl|paternalistic conservatism|paternalistic conservative}} tendencies, Alice placed the Farmers' Alliance on a centrist course, passing a series of progressive and {{wpl|social democracy|social democratic}} reforms with a particular focus on agriculture. After her term ended, she was appointed by [[Mette Elvensar]] as head of the [[Delkoran administrative agencies#Ministry of Agriculture|Federal Forestry Office]] from 1959 to 1967.<br />
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During the [[New Kingdom]] era and long period of [[Conservative Party (Delkora)#New Kingdom|factional battles among Conservatives]], the Farmers' Alliance became one of Norvia's largest parties, the main competitor for the National Labor–Liberal alliance in state elections. When it was in office, it generally opted to form minority governments seeking outside support from diverse parties, including the Liberals, [[List of political parties in Delkora|Moderates]], and [[List of political parties in Delkora|Greens]]. The Liberals' contemporary {{wpl|geolibertarian}} evolution contributed to good relations between the parties.<br />
<br />
The Farmers' Alliance experienced relative displacement from the 1980s on, as the emergence of the [[Conservative Party (Delkora)#New Kingdom|New Conservatives]] faction marked a turnaround in Conservatives' fortunes. However, the Farmers' Alliance refused to outright join a coalition government with the Conservatives in Norvia, wary of sharing the fate of the Agrarians they had broken from; instead, they occasionally provided outside support for minority governments headed by New Conservatives.<br />
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==Ideology==<br />
The Farmers' Alliance is a {{wp|Centrism|centrist}} party that derives from Delkora's {{wpl|agrarianism|agrarian}} tradition. It is committed to support of {{wpl|small businesses}}, rural issues, and {{wpl|decentralisation}}. It is opposed to both {{wpl|socialism}} and {{wpl|economic liberalisation}}, and strongly supportive of {{wpl|agricultural cooperatives}}.<br />
<br />
The party is {{wpl|protectionism|protectionist}}, and has historically been [[Common Sphere#Politics|restrictionist]] towards the [[Common Sphere]]. Owing to its origins, it has a strong rivalry with the federal Agrarian Party, which it accuses of abandoning farmers and becoming a "right-wing appendage" of the Conservatives.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Delkoran_red_scare&diff=335980Delkoran red scare2021-04-13T19:45:15Z<p>Delkora: Created page with "The '''Delkoran red scare''' ({{wpl|Danish language|Delkoran}}: ''Kommunistforskrækkelse'' or ''Rød skræk'') refers to two periods of Delkoran history marked by widespr..."</p>
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<div>The '''Delkoran red scare''' ({{wpl|Danish language|Delkoran}}: ''Kommunistforskrækkelse'' or ''Rød skræk'') refers to two periods of [[Delkora]]n history marked by widespread fear of {{wpl|communism}} and {{wpl|anarchism}}. The first occurred in the 1910s, coinciding with the [[Ruvelkan Civil War]] internationally and the 1916 republican uprising domestically, and the second occurred in the 1940s, coinciding with the Megelanese civil war and the [[Liberation War (Gylias)|Liberation War]] internationally.<br />
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In both instances, an incumbent right-wing government encouraged and exploited the atmosphere of hysteria as a weapon against left-wing radicals and the labour movement. The first red scare caused [[National Labour#Red scare|internal splits]] that weakened both [[National Labor]] and the [[General Labor Confederation of Delkora|LO]] for a period, but its excesses caused a subsequent backlash. The second red scare had the opposite effect: it made leftist forces determined to avoid similarly damaging splits, contributing to the militancy of the 1950s and start of Delkora's left-wing insurgency.<br />
<br />
==First red scare==<br />
The first red scare began in the 1910s. Immediate causes included the growing militancy of the labour movement, [[National Labor#Red scare|internal tensions]] between radicals and reformists, and the start of the [[Ruvelkan Civil War]]. The 1916 republican uprising, which particularly affected [[Lebøvenland]], fueled the climate of fear.<br />
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The [[Olav Brøndum]], which owed its 1912 and 1916 election victories to the red scare, used the situation to weaken radical forces. It encouraged employers to carry out {{wpl|union-busting}} in workplaces under the guise of anti-communism, introduced {{wpl|criminal syndicalism}} laws, and encouraged {{wpl|blacklisting}} as a tactic. However, it stopped short of active crackdowns due to the difficulty of suppressing the 1916 uprising, which forced it to a moderate resolution.<br />
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The red scare had disastrous effects for the Delkoran left. National Labor's conservative wing triumphed over the leftist wing, many of which broke away to form the Communist Party of Delkora. The Gothendral Manifesto of 1915 demoralised party supporters, leading to a long period of National Labor being dominated by conservatives and corrupt {{wpl|party machine}}s. The [[General Labor Confederation of Delkora|LO]] similarly fell under the control of the conservative guard, weakening the labour movement for a decade.<br />
<br />
==Second red scare==<br />
The second red scare began in the 1940s. In contrast to the international context of the first, domestic factors had greater weight, particularly the [[Blockade of Banderhus]], [[Liberal Party split of 1940]], and the spectacularly bitter rivalry between [[Sofia Westergaard]] and [[Veidnar Albendor]]. Much of the impetus for the red scare came from Albendor himself, who governed in an autocratic and vindictive manner, and sought to undo many of Westergaard's achievements.<br />
<br />
Albendor seized on events like the [[Blockade of Banderhus]], the [[1942 Gothendral riot]], and the [[1946 Delkoran Steel Strikes|1946 Steel Strikes]] to spread fear of communist infiltration and paint his opponents as communists and radicals. He sought to lead a broader crackdown than Brøndum had three decades before, but initiatives like imposing a censorship code on Delkoran cinema, widespread {{wpl|blacklisting}}, and the [[Domestic Security Act]] repeatedly were struck down by the [[Federal Constitutional Court of Delkora|Federal Constitutional Court]] as unconstitutional.<br />
<br />
The red scare, being so heavily identified with Albendor and his program of [[Economy of Delkora#Economic liberalization and depression|sweeping economic liberalisation]] and worsening inequality, backfired. Having experienced the disastrous effects of the previous red scare, the Delkoran left this time largely closed ranks in defiance. LO President [[Mireli Sørensen]] refused to purge communists, anarchists, and [[Labor Underground]] members from unions, instead welcoming them as allies against the government. National Labor underwent a radical reorganisation led by figures like [[Bjørn Olsen]] and [[Mette Elvensar]], purging the conservative wing and returning the radical wing to power.<br />
<br />
The second red scare coincided with the [[Liberation War (Gylias)|Liberation War]], and thus marks a nadir in [[Gylias-Delkora relations]]. Both Albendor and his successor [[Hjalmar Madsen]] went to great lengths to blacklist and investigate Delkorans who joined the [[People's Army (Gylias)#International Brigades|International Brigades]] or had traveled to the [[Free Territories (Gylias)|Free Territories]], viewing them all as potential traitors.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Centre_Democrats_(Delkora)&diff=335978Centre Democrats (Delkora)2021-04-13T19:40:29Z<p>Delkora: Created page with "{{Infobox political party | name = Centre Democrats | native_name = ''Centrum-Demokraterne'' | native_name_lang = Danish | abbreviation = Œ | logo = Logo Centre Democrats (De..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political party<br />
| name = Centre Democrats<br />
| native_name = ''Centrum-Demokraterne''<br />
| native_name_lang = Danish<br />
| abbreviation = Œ<br />
| logo = Logo Centre Democrats (Denmark).svg<br />
| colorcode = #800080<br />
| founded = 1992<br />
| dissolved = 2003<br />
| ideology = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Conservatism in Delkora|Delkoran conservatism]]<br />
* {{wpl|Progressive conservatism}}<br />
* {{wpl|Liberal conservatism}} }}<br />
| position = {{wpl|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
| colours = {{color box|#800080|border=darkgray}} Purple<br />
| anthem = <br />
| country = [[Delkora]]<br />
| split = [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative Party]]<br />
| merged = [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative Party]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Centre Democrats''' ({{wp|Danish language|Delkoran}}: ''Centrum-Demokraterne'') were a {{wp|Centre-right politics|centre-right}} political party in [[Delkora]]. It split from the [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative Party]] in 1992 and played a transitional role between the end of the [[List of political parties in Delkora#Third party system (1940-1998)|third party system]] and beginning of the [[List of political parties in Delkora#Fourth party system (1998-present)|fourth party system]]. It merged once again with the Conservatives in 2003, contributing to the ascent of the New Conservative faction.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The roots of the party lay in the [[Conservative Party (Delkora)#New Kingdom|factional battle]] between [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative Party]] hardliners and progressives over the [[New Kingdom]] program. The conflict was worsened by the Conservatives' election wins of 1983 and 1987, and it reverberated down to the [[States of Delkora|state]] level.<br />
<br />
The near-loss of 1991, the exposure of the [[neoliberal conspiracy]], and the economic crisis of the early 1990s brought the conflict out into the open. Exasperated with the Heritage Faction and Liberty Conference clinging to power, the New Conservatives split off in 1992 to form the Centre Democrats, which was explicitly established as a {{wpl|progressive conservative}} party supportive of the [[New Kingdom]].<br />
<br />
The Centre Democrats practically took the traditionally centrist [[Vassengård]] branch with them, and its leadership included prominent figures such as former First Minister of Vassengård [[Gunter Frølund]], his spouse [[Bettje Frølund]], and First Minister of [[Førelskov]] [[Phaedra Thorup]]. Unexpectedly, they benefited from [[Emma Jørgensen]]'s expulsion of the [[National Labor]] right, most of which joined the new party.<br />
<br />
The Centre Democrats achieved a decent debut in the 1992 state elections, finishing third overall. However, the backlash to the neoliberal conspiracy produced landslide victories for the left, with the Centre Democrats' main contribution being siphoning centre-right voters from the Conservatives, which were mauled at the ballot box. Thorup became the party's leader despite a landslide defeat in Førelskov, as she was a high-profile figure popular for her centrist policies and role in the [[Siege of Gothendral]], while the Frølunds declined to take a leadership role to avoid casting the party as outdated.<br />
<br />
In the run-up to the 1994 federal elections, the Centre Democrats formed an {{wpl|electoral alliance}} with the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Moderates]], which would endure until the party's dissolution. The alliance finished third in 1994 and second in 1998. However, the continuing battle with the Conservatives for centre-right hegemony was a liability for the party, as it became clear that neither the Centre Democrats–Moderates nor the Conservatives could dislodge National Labor alone.<br />
<br />
The 2002 federal election marked the last hurrah for the Centre Democrats. They won a plurality for the first time, but in the most severely fragmented {{wpl|hung parliament}} in Delkoran history. Thorup attempted to form a centre-right coalition with the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarians]] and reached out for support to the [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberals]] and [[List of political parties in Delkora|Greens]], but was unsuccessful. She refused to form a government that would depend on Conservatives to surive, and instead a Green–Radical–[[List of political parties in Delkora|Pirate]] minority government was constituted by [[Kol Vossgaard]], with National Labor providing confidence and supply.<br />
<br />
The election result did serve one of the Centre Democrats' purpose in that it discredited the right-wing leadership of the Conservatives. The party conference instead {{wpl|draft (politics)|drafted}} [[Harald Møller]], the incumbent [[List of political parties in Delkora|Farmers' Alliance]] First Minister of [[Norvia]], to become the new leader. Møller brought the New Conservatives back to power within the party, repositioning it to the centre and moderating its image. The Centre Democrats engaged in negotiations to rejoin the Conservatives on their own terms, which were successful, and the two parties merged in 2003.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Norvia&diff=335977Norvia2021-04-13T19:34:37Z<p>Delkora: /* List of first ministers */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Norvia<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| settlement_type = [[States of Delkora|State of Delkora]]<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| image_flag = Ninove vlag.svg<br />
| flag_alt = <br />
| image_seal = <br />
| seal_alt = <br />
| image_shield = <br />
| shield_alt = <br />
| etymology = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| motto = <br />
| image_map = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = <br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = <br />
| latd = |latm = |lats = |latNS = <br />
| longd = |longm = |longs = |longEW = <br />
| coor_pinpoint = <br />
| coordinates_type = <br />
| coordinates_display = inline,title<br />
| coordinates_footnotes = <br />
| coordinates_region = <br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = [[Delkora]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = <br />
| subdivision_name1 = <br />
| subdivision_type2 = <br />
| subdivision_name2 = <br />
| subdivision_type3 = <br />
| subdivision_name3 = <br />
| established_title = <br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| seat_type = Capital<br />
| seat = Grafholmen<br />
| government_footnotes = <br />
| government_type = State government<br />
| leader_party = [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]<br />
| leader_title = First Minister<br />
| leader_name = [[Elin Albrechtsen]]<br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --><br />
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags --><br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_urban_footnotes = <br />
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| area_blank1_title = <br />
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| area_total_ha = <br />
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| dimensions_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_as_of = 2020<br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| population_total = 9,582,742<br />
| population_density_km2 = <br />
| population_note = <br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| timezone1 = <br />
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| iso_code = <br />
| website = {{url|www.norvia.del}}<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Norvia''', officially the '''State of Norvia''', is a [[States of Delkora|constituent state]] of [[Delkora]]. It is the third smallest state by both area and population. Its capital and largest city is Grafholmen.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
Located in southern Delkora, Norvia is bordered by [[Cybria]] to the north, [[Vassengård]] to the west, and [[Delliria]] and [[Meᵹelan]] to the south. The state is characterized by mostly flat, arable land. The capital, Grafholmen, is located in the central part of the state.<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
Norvia has a population of 9,582,742 as of the 2020 Federal Census. It is relatively homogeneous compared to other states, but has some linguistic diversity, particularly in the south, where there are notable {{wp|Romansch language|Romansch}} and {{wp|French language|French}} speaking communities. <br />
<br />
==Economy==<br />
The state is a major agricultural producer, with over 90% of its land devoted to that purpose. Norvia's share of national GDP amounts to 8.1%.<br />
<br />
==Government and politics==<br />
Politics in Norvia have been characterized by agrarian and populist tendencies. The [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]], [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal]], and [[List of political parties in Delkora|Farmers' Alliance]] parties have generally been dominant. [[National Labor]] has a strong base of support in Grafholmen. <br />
<br />
The current first minister of Norvia is [[Elin Albrechtsen]], a member of the [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal Party]]. The state legislature is the 75 member Norvish House of Delegates. The Constitutional Court of Norvia is the highest judicial authority under state law, responsible for interpreting the state Constitution.<br />
<br />
===List of first ministers===<br />
*[[Alice Mariarsdóttir]] ([[Farmers' Alliance|ᛒ]]): 1946-1958<br />
*[[Ulf Bertelsen]] ([[National Labor|A]]): 1958-1972<br />
*[[Ragna Friis]] ([[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]): 1972-1976<br />
*[[Mogens Kragh]] ([[National Labor|A]]): 1976-1980<br />
*[[Renée Gaumont]] ([[Conservative Party (Delkora)|K]]): 1980-1992<br />
*[[Harald Møller]] ([[Farmers' Alliance|ᛒ]]): 1992-2000<br />
*[[Sigrid Borg]] ([[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]): 2000-2008<br />
*[[Sanne Jensen]] ([[Conservative Party (Delkora)|K]]): 2008-2012<br />
*[[Elin Albrechtsen]] ([[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]): 2012-present<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Alice_Mariarsd%C3%B3ttir&diff=335975Alice Mariarsdóttir2021-04-13T19:33:20Z<p>Delkora: Created page with "{{Infobox officeholder |honorific-prefix = {{wp|The Most Honorable}} |name = Alice Mariarsdóttir |native_name = |honorific-suffix = |image = Alisa Mellon, 5..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox officeholder<br />
|honorific-prefix = {{wp|The Most Honorable}}<br />
|name = Alice Mariarsdóttir<br />
|native_name =<br />
|honorific-suffix = <br />
|image = Alisa Mellon, 5-16-23 LOC npcc.08535 (cropped).jpg<br />
|imagesize = 230px<br />
|office = [[States of Delkora|First Minister of Norvia]]<br />
|term_start = 1946<br />
|term_end = 1958<br />
|birth_date = 29 May 1901<br />
<!-- |birth_place = Kedense, [[Cybria]], [[Delkora]] --><br />
|death_date = {{death date and age|1969|9|25|1901|5|29|df=y}}<br />
|death_place = Grafholmen, [[Norvia]], [[Delkora]]<br />
|alma_mater = University of Grafholmen<br />
|party = [[List of political parties in Delkora|Farmers' Alliance]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Alice Mariarsdóttir''' (29 May 1901 – 25 September 1969) was a Delkoran businesswoman, socialite, and politician who served as First Minister of [[Norvia]] from 1946 to 1958. She was one of the founding figures of the state's [[List of political parties in Delkora|Farmers' Alliance]], which had a significant impact on Norvian politics.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Alice Mariarsdóttir was born on 29 May 1901 in [[Norvia]]. She came from a [[Lebøvenland|Lebøvian]] family, and had a {{wpl|matronymic}} instead of a surname due to parental choice. She had a younger brother, Paul (1907–1999).<br />
<br />
Coming from a well-off background, she studied at the University of Grafholmen, earning a degree in {{wpl|agronomy}}, and as a teenager spent her summers traveling in Eracura and Siduri. She married a high society figure at her parents' insistence in 1926, but the marriage was unsuccessful due to mutual incompatibility and ended in divorce in 1945. Instead, she began a business career in agriculture, with modest success.<br />
<br />
==First Minister of Norvia==<br />
Alice grew interested in state politics. She felt an affinity for the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian Party]], but was disgusted by the federal party's subservience to the [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservatives]] in the [[Veidnar Albendor]] government. The Albendor government's budgets, seen as extremely disadvantageous to Norvia, provoked a revolt in the state's Agrarian Party, which disaffiliated itself from its federal counterpart in protest. <br />
<br />
Alice played a prominent role in the revolt and secured a merger with the state branch of the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Democratic Farmers' Party]], forming the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Farmers' Alliance]]. It won a plurality in the 1946 state election, and she formed a minority government backed by [[National Labor]] and the [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberals]]. She would lead the party to re-elections in 1950 and 1954, with slightly larger pluralities.<br />
<br />
Ideologically, she was a moderate with {{wpl|paternalistic conservatism|paternalistic conservative}} tendencies. She opposed {{wpl|small government}} ideology and was {{wpl|social liberalism|liberal on social issues}}. She passed a series of progressive and {{wpl|social democracy|social democratic}} reforms, which included the expansion of {{wpl|agricultural cooperatives}}, the establishment of a state-owned {{wpl|grain elevator}}, expansion of transportation infrastructure, modernisation of schools and hospitals, and strengthening welfare programs. Her main preoccupation as first minister was the health of Norvian agriculture, and she sought to promote agricultural education and work over industry.<br />
<br />
Her agenda put her into conflict with Albendor's federal government, the two repeatedly clashing over [[Federalism in Delkora|federal–state fiscal issues]]. On one occasion, she imposed a "boycott" of Delkora to put pressure on the government, halting Norvian trade with the other states and instead expanding trade with [[Meᵹelan|Megelan]].<br />
<br />
Alice had a modest public image and strove to position herself as a "champion of the small farmer" against industry and agricultural {{wpl|big business}}. She was a passionate {{wpl|equestrienne}} and often simply wore her horse-racing suit and {{wpl|bowler hat}} in public, earning her the nickname "Gentleman Alice". Her conflicts with Albendor embittered her towards the Conservatives — during one election campaign, she stood on a pile on {{wpl|manure}} and began her speech by apologising to the crowd for speaking from a Conservative platform.<br />
<br />
Her last term was marred by the 1950s depression, which she tried to combat by taking all forests into state ownership and building {{wpl|hydroelectricity|hydroelectric power plants}}. Faced with little help from the federal government and suffering from stress, she announced her retirement for health reasons in 1958. At that year's state election, National Labor won a plurality but the Farmers' Alliance finished second, and the two formed a coalition.<br />
<br />
==Later life and death==<br />
Alice remained an elder stateswoman for the Farmers' Alliance and Norvian politics, but declined offers to move to federal politics. At the [[Delkoran federal election, 1959|1959 federal election]], she supported National Labor, which won a landslide victory. She became a prominent centrist to centre-right figure supporting the [[New Kingdom]] program, together with [[List of political parties in Delkora|Moderate]] leader [[Edith Pedersen]]. She was appointed by [[Mette Elvensar]] as head of the [[Delkoran administrative agencies#Ministry of Agriculture|Federal Forestry Office]] from 1959 to 1967.<br />
<br />
She died on 25 September 1969 in a Grafholmen hospital.<br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
Alice remains one of Norvia's best-known first ministers. Her role in the creation of the Farmers' Alliance transformed Norvian politics by establishing a strong state-only party, countering the rightward drift of the federal Agrarians and the later merger of the Democratic Farmers' Party into the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Rally for Community and Solidarity]]. Starting in the 1960s, the Farmers' Alliance enjoyed two decades as the major competitor of National Labor and the Liberals. Even after it was relatively displaced by the emergence of the New Conservatives in the 1980s, it remains a major party in Norvia, regularly finishing in second or third place at state elections.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Early_1990s_depression_in_Delkora&diff=335974Early 1990s depression in Delkora2021-04-13T19:28:02Z<p>Delkora: Created page with "The '''early 1990s depression in Delkora''' was an {{wpl|economic depression}} that took place in 1991–1994. It was Delkora's worst economic crisis since the 1950s depre..."</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''early 1990s depression in Delkora''' was an {{wpl|economic depression}} that took place in 1991–1994. It was [[Delkora]]'s worst economic crisis since the 1950s depression.<br />
<br />
Caused by a banking crisis and the collapse of the "casino economy" that had emerged in the 1980s, the crisis resulted in the {{wpl|gross national income}} decreasing by 15%, unemployment rising to 18%, and a severe {{wpl|credit crunch}}. Inaction by the [[Ulrik Andersen]] government coupled with exposure of the [[neoliberal conspiracy]] also created a political crisis, culminating in [[Emma Jørgensen]]'s [[National Labor]] winning the 1994 federal election and leading a leftist coalition government.<br />
<br />
One lasting effect of the depression was devastation of Delkora's private sector, leading to an expansion in [[Economy of Delkora#Collectives and communal ownership|collective and communal ownership]].<br />
<br />
==Casino economy==<br />
At the start of the 1980s, the Delkoran financial market was tightly regulated, while the {{wpl|national debt}} had increased as a result of borrowing required to fund the [[Economy of Delkora#New Kingdom program|''Tænk stort'']] policy. The Central Bank of Delkora in return maintained relatively high interest rates to maintain the veld within the [[Common Sphere#Policies|Common Monetary System]].<br />
<br />
[[Lars af Vellarand]]'s government, which took office in 1983, launched a program of {{wpl|fiscal conservatism}}, {{wpl|privatisation}}, and {{wpl|deregulation}}. The latter aspect especially impacted the financial market, leading to a massive credit expansion based especially on foreign debt. Stock and real estate prices increased, attracting frantic speculative activity. Within the private sector, a boom in {{wpl|leveraged buyout}}s and {{wpl|corporate raid}}s took place, and private banks moved into high-risk operations such as company takeovers and foreign investments, for which they had little experience.<br />
<br />
These conditions were collectively nicknamed the "casino economy" ({{wpl|Danish language|Delkoran}}: ''casinøkonomi''). Although the Vellarand government's centrepiece effort to withdraw from the [[Common Sphere]] was [[Delkoran referendum on withdrawal from the Common Sphere, 1984|defeated in a 1984 referendum]], the currency situation represented the main risk to the casino economy. Commercial banks aggressively expanded borrowing in foreign currency, forcing the Central Bank to raise interest rates to prevent economic overheating. The government put pressure on the Central Bank to reduce interest rates, even if this meant destabilising the veld's exchange rate and forcing it out of the CMS.<br />
<br />
==Crisis==<br />
The exposure of the [[neoliberal conspiracy]] and razor-thin result of the 1991 federal election caused a political crisis that began to unravel the casino economy. As the far-left insurgency once again hit a peak and [[Labor Underground]] actions turned increasingly violent, foreign investors began to withdraw from Delkora. A {{wpl|credit crunch}} began, with two of the largest private banks collapsing into bankruptcy in late 1991, and a {{wpl|stock market crash}} occurring.<br />
<br />
[[Ulrik Andersen]] refused to take action to stabilise the financial sector, causing immense controversy. Andersen's avowed {{wpl|neoliberalism|neoliberal}} beliefs made him resistant to a {{wpl|bailout}}, and he had seen the controversy caused by the [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservatives]]' bailout of big business in the wake of the 1953 banking crisis. Instead, many emergency measures to combat the economic crisis were initiated by the opposition, and the government went along with them out of self-preservation.<br />
<br />
The [[Delkoran Federal Parliament]] voted to set up a {{wpl|bad bank}} to liquidate bad debts and guarantee bank deposits, but financial stimulus was limited by the precarious minority government and {{wpl|hung parliament}}. Andersen pushed for austerity policies, which sparked large-scale protests and strikes, and heated up the far-left insurgency to a level not seen since the 1950s depression.<br />
<br />
The economy contracted severely in 1991–1994, with {{wpl|gross national income}} down by 15%, unemployment reaching a peak of 18%, and a spate of bankruptcies creating a {{wpl|liquidity crisis}}. The private sector, heavily consolidated through the buyout boom of the previous decade, suffered the brunt of the crisis, with many large firms declaring bankruptcy. By contrast, the {{wpl|cooperative}} sector weathered the depression better, especially since many cooperatives were either absent from the stock market or had withdrawn due to the risk of corporate raids.<br />
<br />
==Aftermath==<br />
The {{wpl|perfect storm}} of the depression and neoliberal conspiracy turned voters strongly against the right-wing. The Conservatives suffered landslide defeats in the state elections of 1992; their inaction contributed to the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Centre Democrats]] breaking off and siphoning much of the centre-right electorate. This was a prelude to the left's similarly crushing victory in the 1994 federal election.<br />
<br />
[[Emma Jørgensen]]'s [[National Labor]]–[[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal]] coalition used the crisis to implement sweeping reforms aimed at socialising the economy and reversing a decade of right-wing austerity. It began its term with a package of emergency measures that included suspending the veld's {{wpl|convertibility}}, a complete halt to international transfers, and a ⊻2 trillion {{wpl|Stimulus (economics)|economic stimulus}} program, much of it directed towards {{wpl|public works}} and {{wpl|environmental sustainability}}. The veld's convertibility was gradually restored as the economy emerged from depression, and it resumed its place in the CMS after an appropriate revaluation relative to other currencies.<br />
<br />
In the long run, the depression greatly aided the passage of Jørgensen's program, especially with regards to socialisation of the economy. The depression had hit the private sector much harder than the cooperative sector, and the government took advantage with policies that increased [[Economy of Delkora#Collectives and communal ownership|collective and communal ownership]]. The right-wing being discredited as a result of the crisis transformed the framework surrounding {{wpl|FIRE economy|productivity and inequality}}, and the government adopted socialist-oriented {{wpl|Rehn–Meidner model|structural adjustments and active labor market policies}} in the context of the {{wpl|digital revolution}}, and largely succeded in transitioning to a {{wpl|post-industrial economy}} without severe losses to the manufacturing sector or declines in social indicators.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Economy of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Drug_policy_of_Delkora&diff=335890Drug policy of Delkora2021-04-13T17:05:41Z<p>Delkora: /* Criminal law */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''drug policy of Delkora''' is considered to be among the most {{wp|Drug liberalization|liberal}} in Eracura. Possession for personal consumption of all drugs is legal and treated as a public health issue, while {{wp|drug trafficking}} is considered a serious criminal offense. Delkoran law additionally distinguishes between {{wp|Drug harmfulness|hard and soft}} drugs; many types of soft drugs can be legally purchased. Drug policy in Delkora is governed by the [[Regulated Substances Act of 1998]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The first major piece of narcotics legislation in Delkora was the Opium Act of 1916, which regulated the sale and possession of many opiates. In 1942, the Act was amended to also regulate amphetamine and prohibit the sale of cocaine for recreational use. In 1948, it was further amended to prohibit the sale and possession of cannabis.<br />
<br />
Beginning in the 1960s, there were debates within the [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Federal Parliament]] about whether to legalize certain drugs, with some advocating that Delkora pursue an [[Drugs in Gylias|approach]] similar to [[Gylias]]. In 1963, the government of [[Mette Elvensar]] passed the Narcotics Act, which decriminalized possession of recreational drugs for personal use, but stopped short of calls to legalize cannabis and other soft drugs.<br />
<br />
In the 1980s, the governments of [[Lars af Vellarand]] and [[Ulrik Andersen]] adopted a {{wp|zero tolerance}} approach to drug policy. Under the Regulated Substances Act of 1982, possession of any amount of narcotics was made a criminal offense, and no distinctions were made between hard and soft drugs. <br />
<br />
The Regulated Substances Act of 1998, passed by the government of [[Emma Jørgensen]], established the current drug classification regime, legalized the sale of cannabis and many psychedelics, and redirected government resources toward harm reduction and rehabilitation and away from carceral measures. <br />
<br />
==Harm reduction==<br />
{{wp|Harm reduction}} is a central feature of Delkoran drug policy. The government invests a considerable amount in drug rehabilitation programs, public education campaigns, {{wp|drug checking}} programs, and {{wp|Needle and syringe programmes|needle exchange}} programs. {{wp|Supervised injection site|Overdose prevention centers}} are available in most parts of the country.<br />
<br />
Harm reduction services in Delkora are based on a model of voluntary availability, whereby services are free and easily accessible to encourage their utilization without the need for court-ordered mandates and other coercive measures. In general, the only exception to this tenet is in the case of persons whose addiction is deemed a danger to the public. For example, a person convicted of drunk driving multiple times may be ordered by a judge to undergo rehabilitation.<br />
<br />
==Drug classification==<br />
The Regulated Substances Act classifies drugs according to four major factors, including risk of physical harm to the user, dependence and addiction liability, social harm, and medicinal value. Particular drugs can be reclassified by an act of the [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Federal Parliament]] or a regulation issued by the [[Delkoran administrative agencies#Ministry of Health|Regulated Substances Authority]]. The Act establishes the following classification scheme:<br />
*'''Schedule I:''' High risk recreational drugs. Includes {{wp|heroin}}, {{wp|cocaine}}, and {{wp|methamphetamine}}, among others. These drugs cannot be sold legally.<br />
*'''Schedule II:''' High risk medicinal drugs. Includes {{wp|amphetamine}}, most {{wp|opiate}}s and {{wp|anesthetic}}s, {{wp|sedative}}s, and certain {{wp|analgesic}}s. These drugs cannot be sold for recreational use and can only be obtained with a prescription.<br />
*'''Schedule III:''' Moderate risk recreational drugs. Includes {{wp|alcohol}}, {{wp|nicotine}}, {{wp|DMT}}, and {{wp|MDMA}}, among others. May be produced only by certain licensed businesses and sold in restricted quantities.<br />
*'''Schedule IV:''' Minimal risk recreational drugs. Includes {{wp|cannabis}}, {{wp|psilocybin}}, and {{wp|LSD}}, among others. May be produced and sold by any licensed business.<br />
*'''Schedule V:''' Minimal risk medicinal drugs that do not require a prescription, but which can only be sold in a pharmacy. Includes {{wp|aspirin}}, {{wp|ibuprofen}}, {{wp|paracetamol}}, and cough medicine, among others.<br />
<br />
==Criminal law==<br />
The crime of {{wp|Illegal drug trade|drug trafficking}} is defined under Ch. 9 Art. II ''Narkotikahandel'' §1a-e of the Delkoran [[Law of Delkora#Criminal law|Penal Code]]. It consists of possessing, producing, storing, or transporting a large quantity of a Schedule I or II substance with intent to sell. Penalties vary considerably according to a number of factors, including amount trafficked, criminal history of the defendant, and whether or not the trafficking was part of an organized crime operation. In the most serious cases, trafficking in a Schedule I substance can carry a maximum penalty of 15 years in prison, while trafficking in a Schedule II substance is punishable by imprisonment up to 5 years. <br />
<br />
Unlawful trading in a substance listed under Schedule III, IV, or V is not considered drug trafficking and is treated as an infraction rather than a criminal offense. It is generally only punishable by small fines or community service. Enforcement of these infractions varies between states, although it is typically lax, as the police devote far more resources to combating trafficking. <br />
<br />
Possession of a regulated substance for personal consumption is fully legal under Delkoran law. Likewise, cultivation for personal use of certain substances, such as cannabis and psilocybin mushrooms, is permitted.<br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
Recreational drug use has played a prominent role in many Delkoran cultural scenes over the years. During the {{wp|counterculture}} movement of the 1950s and 60s, recreational use of psychedelic drugs by radical youths, artists, and musicians was widespread. Drug use played an important role in the emergence of Delkoran [[Music of Delkora#|psychedelic rock]], as well as the [[T-by]] {{wp|dance rock}} scene in the city of Tybenhoth.<br />
<br />
Over the years, recreational drug use has increasingly become an accepted part of Delkoran culture. Cannabis dispensaries can be found in most parts of the country. Similarly, bars, nightclubs, and coffee shops that serve cannabis, LSD, and psilocybin are common in the major cities. Notable examples of such coffee shops are [[Schedule 4]] in [[Norenstal]] and [[Cafe Odin]] in Tybenhoth.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Law of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Law_of_Delkora&diff=335885Law of Delkora2021-04-13T16:42:37Z<p>Delkora: </p>
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<div>The '''law of Delkora''' is organized within the framework of a {{wp|Civil law (legal system)|civil law}} legal system characterized by the codification of key legal concepts. The core elements of public law are codified in the Constitution, the Administrative Code, and the Penal Code. Private law is codified in the Civil Code and the Commercial Code. The Delkoran legal codes have influenced and been influenced by the legal systems of a number of other Eracuran countries.<br />
==History==<br />
In the years following the unification of the early Delkoran jarldoms, a class of legal scholars known as the ''Lovtællere'' (lit. "Law Tellers") emerged. Towns typically had a small council of Lovtællere, who were usually elders that were well-versed in regional practices and customs. Criminal trials were conducted by an assembly of all free people of a town, with the Lovtællere serving as impartial legal advisers. The Lovtællere passed down their knowledge orally to apprentices, although in some areas communes codified their laws in compendiums that were available to the public at the townhall.<br />
<br />
Beginning around 985 CE, King Asmund I began consulting with the jarls of the Delkoran states to assemble a comprehensive codification of Delkoran customary law. The resulting document, the ''Lovbog'' (lit. "Law Book"), now housed at the Museum of National Heritage in Norenstal, provided a summary of major customs in all of the different regions of the Kingdom.<br />
<br />
==Public law==<br />
===Constitutional law===<br />
The Delkoran Constitution (''Delkorsk Grundlov'') is the highest body of law in the Kingdom, and establishes the structures of government and their relations with each other, in addition to defining the limits of government power. Chapter 1 identifies the core principles of the Delkoran state, including its status as a federation, a constitutional monarchy, and a representative democracy based on popular sovereignty. This chapter also codifies the concept of the {{wp|rule of law|rule of law}} by stating that the law applies equally to all citizens and guaranteeing equal protection and due process. <br />
<br />
===Criminal law===<br />
The Penal Code (''Straffekode'') outlines different criminal offenses and sentencing guidelines. Offenses are divided into infractions (''overtrædelser''), which carry a maximum penalty of fines or community service; minor offenses (''mindre lovovertrædelser''), which carry a maximum penalty of 1 year imprisonment; and major offenses (''større lovovertrædelser''), which carry a maximum penalty of more than 1 year imprisonment. Criminal cases are investigated and prosecuted by district attorneys, who are career civil servants. Trials are {{wp|inquisitorial system|inquisitorial}} rather than adversarial, with the judge playing a central role in establishing the facts of the case. For cases involving a major offense, the trial is presided over by a panel of 3-5 judges. Juries are not used. The concept of bail does not exist in Delkoran law; defendants are automatically granted pre-trial release unless they are determined to be a threat to public safety or a flight risk.<br />
<br />
The Delkoran Penal Code places a heavy emphasis on rehabilitation, with a preference for community service and supervised release programs instead of lengthy prison sentences. Life imprisonment as a determinate sentence was abolished in 1994, although especially dangerous offenders can be sentenced to {{wp|preventive detention|preventive detention}} in addition to their determinate sentence, which allows them to be held for as long as they are judged to be a threat to public safety. After the conclusion of the person’s determinate sentence, their status is reviewed to determine if they have been rehabilitated. If not, detention continues, with a mandatory review every subsequent year. The {{wp|death penalty}} was abolished in 1973.<br />
<br />
===Administrative law===<br />
The Administrative Code (''Administrativ Kode'') governs matters related to public administration. Cases involving application of the code are handled by a separate system of administrative courts. The core principles of Delkoran administrative law include:<br />
<br />
'''1. Statutory Limitation:''' Government bodies can only act where specifically authorized by law.<br>'''2. Presumption of Responsibility:''' Private persons are assumed to be able to take any action not explicitly forbidden by law.<br>'''3. Equality of Access:''' Government bodies cannot discriminate in the administration of government functions and services.<br>'''4. Civil Service Autonomy:''' Government ministries formulate policy, but administration of these policies is left to the civil service. Ministries cannot interfere in the administration of policy.<br>'''5. Right to Trial:''' A person affected by government {{wp|maladministration}} has a right to challenge the relevant authority in an administrative court.<br />
<br />
==Private law==<br />
===Civil law===<br />
The Civil Code (''Civilret''), adopted in 1835, is one of the oldest civil codes in Tyran and regulates relations between private persons. It is divided into 5 books: <br />
<br />
'''1. Law of Persons (''Personlov''):''' Defines the concepts of natural and artificial personhood, agency, and capacity. Under Delkoran law, artificial persons have all of the responsibilities of natural persons, but only some of the rights.<br>'''2. Law of Relations (''Forholdlov''):''' Outlines family law, including marriage, divorce, legal custody, etc. For the purposes of Delkoran law, marriage is regarded as a purely civil institution, with the religious affiliations of the parties having no bearing on their legal rights and obligations. Polyamorous marriage is allowed with restrictions. Divorce is allowed on a no-fault basis.<br>'''3. Law of Things (''Tinglov''):''' Defines the concepts of private and personal property, with the former defined mostly as immovable property that imparts a higher standard of social responsibility. For example, a farmer's pasture is his private property, but he has a social responsibility to maintain the land and avoid over-grazing it. The law also identifies certain categories of things which cannot be converted into private property, such as large bodies of water, fishing stocks, and human genetic material, as well as the shoreline along oceans, rivers, and certain interior bodies of water up to the high water mark.<br>'''4. Law of Succession (''Arvelov''):''' Covers principles regarding estate, wills, probate, etc.<br>'''5. Law of Obligations (''Forpligtelseslov''):''' Outlines laws regarding contracts and other civil obligations. <br />
===Commercial Law===<br />
The Commercial Code (''Kommerciel Kode'') governs relations involving persons engaged in the exchange of goods and services for profit. The code also covers {{wp|bankruptcy|bankruptcy}}, {{wp|intellectual property|intellectual property}}, and {{wp|competition law|competition law}}. Businesses can incorporate under the code as one of five forms:<br />
<br />
'''1. Limited Company (''Aktieselskab''):''' A stock-issuing company in which liability is limited to one’s share in the company. Subcategories include Public Limited Companies, in which stocks are available for public trading, and Private Limited Companies, in which stocks cannot be publicly-traded.<br>'''2. Conglomerate (''Konglomerat''):''' An enterprise formed by a merger of smaller enterprises. Conglomerates are closely regulated by the Federal Competition Enforcement Board, which frequently blocks proposed conglomerates and has the authority to order the dissolution of existing conglomerates deemed {{wp|too big to fail|too big to fail}}.<br>'''3. Partnership (''Parternskab''):''' A joint venture consisting of two or more persons or businesses. Subcategories include Limited Partnerships and General Partnerships.<br>'''4. Sole Proprietorship (''Enkeltmandsvirksomhed''):''' An enterprise owned and operated by a single person in which the business entity does not have a separate legal identity.<br>'''5. Cooperative (''Andelsselskab''):''' An enterprise owned and governed by all members of the cooperative. Subcategories include Worker Cooperatives, Consumer Cooperatives, Hybrid Cooperatives consisting of both the providers and consumers of a service, and Second Tier Cooperatives, in which the members of the cooperative are other cooperatives. Each member of a cooperative owns a single non-transferable share of its stock.<br />
<br />
==Procedural law==<br />
Private and penal procedural law is codified in the Code of Civil Procedures (''Civile Procedurer Kode'') and the Code of Penal Procedures (''Straffeprocedurer Kode'') respectively, which outline the processes by which cases are brought before the courts, the manner in which evidence is collected and facts are determined, the procedures judges should use to decide cases, legal remedies, and appeals processes.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Law of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Delkora&diff=335883Judiciary of Delkora2021-04-13T16:41:14Z<p>Delkora: </p>
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<div>The '''Judiciary of Delkora''' is the system of courts that interpret and apply the [[law of Delkora]]. Under the Delkoran Constitution, responsibility for administering the courts is divided between the federal and [[States of Delkora|state]] governments. There are three categories of courts: ordinary courts, administrative courts, and constitutional courts. Delkora has a {{wp|Civil Law (legal system)|civil law}} legal system. <br />
<br />
==Court system==<br />
The judiciary is administered at both the federal and state levels in an integrated system. The trial and lower appellate courts are state courts, while the higher appellate courts are federal courts. To preserve the independence of the judiciary, the courts, while overseen by the federal and state ministries of justice, operate autonomously from the government.<br />
<br />
===State courts===<br />
At the lowest level of the ordinary court system, most municipalities maintain a Municipal Court (''Kommunal Domstol'') that handles cases concerning municipal ordinance violations, small claims, {{wp|family law}}, and criminal cases not punishable by imprisonment. They generally have a small number of judges, who are appointed by the municipal council.<br />
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Above the Municipal Courts are 154 District Courts (''Tingret''), each corresponding to a [[Local government in Delkora#Counties|county]]. The District Courts serve as the court of first instance for most criminal and civil cases, and also hear certain appeals from the Municipal Courts. Each has several judges assigned to it, as well as a district attorney (''distriktadvokat'') who represents the government in most prosecutions. Trials are presided over by either a single judge or a panel of between 3 to 5 judges for serious cases. Above the District Courts are seven Superior Courts of Justice (''Overordnede Domstole''), each of which hears appeals from the District Courts in a particular state. <br />
<br />
Separate from the ordinary courts is a hierarchy of administrative courts. Administrative law cases originate in one of 154 Administrative District Courts (''Administrativ Tingsret''), each of which, like the ordinary trial courts, correspond to a county. Cases can be appealed to the Superior Administrative Court (''Overordnet Forvaltningsdomstol'') of the relevant state. The most common cases heard in the administrative courts involve taxation, government benefits, permits, or immigration.<br />
<br />
Finally, each state has a Constitutional Court (''Forfatningsdomstol'') that is responsible for interpreting its state constitution and ensuring that the state government acts in accordance with it. Their jurisdiction is limited to questions pertaining to their respective state’s constitution; they will not consider cases involving only ordinary or administrative law, nor can they consider federal constitutional questions. <br />
<br />
===Federal courts===<br />
There are three federal courts: the [[Federal Court of Justice of Delkora|Federal Court of Justice]] (''Føderaldomstol''), the [[Federal Administrative Court of Delkora|Federal Administrative Court]] (''Føderal Forvaltningsdomstol''), and the [[Federal Constitutional Court of Delkora|Federal Constitutional Court]] (''Føderal Forfatningsdomstol''), which hear appeals from the state courts. The number of cases heard by the federal courts per year is relatively small, as they set their own caseload and generally only hear cases in which there is evidence that a lower court made an error, or in which a novel legal issue is being considered.<br />
<br />
The Federal Court of Justice is the highest-ranking of the ordinary courts, hearing appeals from the Superior Courts of Justice. It consists of a Criminal Panel and a Civil Panel. Although primarily an appellate court, it serves as the court of first instance in certain types of civil disputes, including those between states, between a state and the federal government, and between the federal government and a foreign entity. The court mostly sets its own caseload, although persons who have been sentenced to {{wp|preventive detention}} are entitled to an appeal before it.<br />
<br />
The Federal Administrative Court is the court of final appeal for administrative law cases, responsible for considering appeals from the Superior Administrative Courts. It is divided into five panels: the Commercial Panel, the Financial Panel, the Social Security Panel, the Immigration Panel, and the General Panel. <br />
<br />
The Federal Constitutional Court is the highest legal authority in Delkora. It has the sole authority to interpret the Delkoran Constitution and adjudicate whether acts of government at both the federal and state levels comply with it. It can hear appeals from any other court, and its rulings cannot be further appealed. The court’s jurisdiction is limited to federal constitutional questions.<br />
<br />
==Procedure==<br />
Delkoran procedural law is outlined in the Code of Civil Procedures (''Civile Procedurer Kode'') and the Code of Penal Procedures (''Straffeprocedurer Kode''). In general, the initiation of court proceedings requires the plaintiff to demonstrate they have been injured by the other party. In criminal cases, this requires evidence a defendant has violated a law; in civil cases, evidence a defendant failed to uphold an obligation, and in administrative cases, evidence of {{wp|maladministration}} on the part of a government agency.<br />
<br />
Criminal cases begin with an initial investigation by the police, which is overseen by an examining judge who directs the fact-gathering process. Provided the criteria for bringing charges are met, the prosecution is required to do so, having little if any discretion. {{wp|Plea bargaining}} is not possible under Delkoran law. Trials are {{wp|Inquisitorial system|inquisitorial}}, with judges playing a central role, and juries are not used. A guilty verdict can always be appealed, while the prosecution can only appeal a not guilty verdict if new evidence later surfaces. <br />
<br />
Defendants in criminal trials are afforded a number of protections under both the procedural codes and the Delkoran Constitution, including the right to be promptly informed of the charges levied against them, the {{wp|right to silence}}, the right to legal representation, the right to be presented before a judge to challenge their detention, and the right to a speedy, public, and impartial trial. The police must always inform suspects of these rights before any questioning. Defendants are presumed {{wp|Presumption of innocence|innocent until proven guilty}}. <br />
<br />
==Legal profession==<br />
===Advocates===<br />
Only licensed advocates can practice law in Delkora. To become an advocate, one must complete a Master of Laws degree and pass the Federal Bar Exam. Advocates can work in a variety of capacities, including counsel for a government agency, corporate counsel, private practice, academia, or within the courts as a judge or district attorney. Although not a prerequisite for their offices, many federal and state legislators are trained advocates.<br />
<br />
Many advocates specialize in a particular field of law, such as tax law, environmental law, or contract law.<br />
<br />
===Judges===<br />
To be eligible to serve as a judge, one must be a licensed advocate, be of good moral character, and have several years of legal experience. <br />
<br />
Federal judges are appointed on the advice of the federal government, while state judges are appointed on the advice of the state governments. Appointees are chosen from a pool of candidates assembled by judicial nominating committees and must be approved by a two-thirds majority of the Federal Parliament in the case of federal judges, or of the relevant state parliament in the case of state judges. This requirement for a supermajority makes it effectively impossible for a government to select political appointees.<br />
<br />
Once sworn in, judges enjoy life tenure subject to mandatory retirement at 70 years of age. They can be subjected to impeachment proceedings, but only upon conviction of a crime, professional misconduct, or severe ethical violations. <br />
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Judges are required to be non-partisan; they cannot belong to political parties, declare their support for candidates standing for elected office, or publicly espouse partisan viewpoints. Additionally, they may not hold other jobs apart from academic positions.<br />
<br />
===Prosecutors===<br />
Prosecutors represent the government in criminal cases before the District Courts. Most cases are prosecuted by a district attorney (''statsadvokat''), while crimes against the federal government are prosecuted by a federal attorney (''forbundsadvokat''). The federal attorneys have jurisdiction over cases involving {{wp|crimes against humanity}}, civil rights, {{wp|Treason|crimes against the state}}, economic crimes against the federal government, crimes involving an interstate or foreign element, {{wp|organized crime}}, and military justice; all other cases are prosecuted by the district attorneys. Federal attorneys are appointed on the advice of the federal government, while the district attorneys are appointed on the advice of state governments. <br />
<br />
The requirements and salary for prosecutors are similar to those for judges. They are career civil servants who, while lacking the level of independence of the judiciary, are nonetheless highly insulated from political pressure. They are appointed for non-renewable terms and are subject to the same ethical guidelines as judges.<br />
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[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Law of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Delkora&diff=335880Delkora2021-04-13T16:31:38Z<p>Delkora: /* Monarchy */</p>
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<div>{{Infobox country<br />
|native_name = ''Kongeriget Delkore''<br />
|conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Delkora<br />
|common_name = Delkora<br />
|national_motto = ''Vox Populi Suprema'' (Latin)<br>"The Voice of the People is Supreme"<br />
|national_anthem = ''Kongelig March''<br>(English: Royal March)<br />
|image_flag = Flag_of_Delkora.png|Flag <br />
|image_coat = Delkora_Coat_of_Arms.PNG|Coat of Arms <br />
|image_map = <br />
|map_caption = Location of Delkora in [[Tyran]]<br />
|alt_map = <br />
|region = <br />
|official_languages = {{wp|Danish language|Delkoran}}<br />
|regional_languages = {{wp|Faroese language|Lebøvian}}, {{wp|German language|German}}, {{wp|Romansch language|Romansch}}, {{wp|Icelandic language|Icelandic}}, {{wp|Scots language|Scots}}, {{wp|Scandoromani language|Traveller Romani}}<br />
|ethnic_groups = 76.8% Delkoran<br>14.9% Sidurian<br>6.7% Other Eracuran<br>1.6% Traveller<br />
|demonym = Delkoran <br />
|capital = [[Norenstal]]<br />
|largest_city = Norenstal <br />
|government_type = {{wp|Federalism|Federal}} {{wp|Parliamentary System|parliamentary}} {{wp|Constitutional Monarchy|constitutional monarchy}}<br />
|leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of Delkora|Monarch]]<br />
|leader_name1 = [[Haldor VII]]<br />
|leader_title2 = [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]]<br />
|leader_name2 = [[Adric Azengaard]]<br />
|leader_title3 = [[Federal Constitutional Court of Delkora|President of the Federal Constitutional Court]]<br />
|leader_name3 = [[Arya Raelenthur]]<br />
|legislature = [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Federal Parliament]]<br />
|upper_house = Chamber of Nobles<br />
|lower_house = Chamber of Representatives<br />
|sovereignty_type = {{wp|Sovereign state|Formation}}<br />
|established_event1 = Consolidation<br />
|established_date1 = 982<br />
|established_event2 = Lebøvenland Instrument of Accession<br />
|established_date2 = 1765<br />
|established_event3 = Current constitution<br />
|established_date3 = 1833<br />
|area_rank = <br />
|area_km2 = <br />
|area_sq_mi = <br />
|percent_water = <br />
|population_estimate = <br />
|population_estimate_rank = <br />
|population_estimate_year = <br />
|population_census = 96,258,934<br />
|population_census_year = 2020<br />
|population_density_km2 = <br />
|population_density_sq_mi =<br />
|population_density_rank = <br />
|GDP_PPP = 2.82 trillion NSD<br />
|GDP_PPP_year = 2020<br />
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = 29,300 NSD<br />
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = <br />
|GDP_nominal = <br />
|GDP_nominal_year = <br />
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = <br />
|HDI = 0.908 <br />
|HDI_rank = <br />
|HDI_year = 2018<br />
|HDI_category = <br />
|Gini = 24.7<br />
|Gini_year = 2018<br />
|Gini_category = <br />
|currency = veld<br />
|currency_code = <br />
|country_code = <br />
|time_zone = <br />
|utc_offset = <br />
|time_zone_DST =<br />
|utc_offset_DST =<br />
|drives_on = right<br />
|cctld = .del<br />
|calling_code = 245<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Delkora''' ({{wp|Danish language|Delkoran}}: ''Delkore''), officially the '''Kingdom of Delkora''' (Delkoran: ''Kongeriget Delkore''), is a federal constitutional monarchy located in northeastern Eracura in [[Tyran]]. Delkora is a {{wp|federal monarchy}} comprised of seven constituent states. The country is bordered by [[Acrea]] in the west, and [[Meᵹelan|Megelan]] and [[Delliria]] to the south. Its capital and largest city is [[Norenstal]]. Delkora enjoys one of the highest standards of living in Tyran due to an extensive welfare state and steady economic growth. It consistently scores high on international rankings of civil and political rights. <br />
<br />
Delkora is a member of the [[Organization of Tyrannic Nations]], the [[Common Sphere]], and an observer state of the [[Commonwealth of Sovereign Nations]]. It is generally regarded as a {{wp|middle power}} with significant influence in Eracura. The Kingdom has considerable {{wp|soft power}} derived from its strong economy and its reputation as a world leader in human rights and democratic governance. <br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The word ''Delkore'' is derived from Old East Norse ''Deltskove'', meaning roughly "Shared Forests", a term early Dane inhabitants of present-day northern Delkora used to refer to the dense forestland of the Grymvar Mountains. Throughout the 4th and 5th Centuries, the term ''Delkoren'', translating to "Delkorans", or "People of the Shared Forests", came to be adopted as a term to describe the Norse inhabitants of northeastern Eracura.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Prehistory===<br />
Evidence of the first human settlement appears in Delkora around 12,000 BCE in the form of wooden tools originating from the Trønstad Culture, a hunting-fishing society which occupied much of coastal Delkora. Around 2,500 BCE, the Vassens, an agrarian society originating from Vassengård, began moving northward and eventually came to absorb the Trønstads. <br />
<br />
Beginning around 750 BCE, the Vassens came to be assimilated by Dane tribes migrating east from present-day Acrea, who settled in the northern coastal regions of Delkora and expanded southward over the next several centuries. In the period between the 1st and 3rd centuries CE, dozens of {{wp|petty kingdom}}s emerged and competed with each other for territory. <br />
<br />
===Viking Era and consolidation===<br />
[[File:Battle of Stamford Bridge, full.png|300px|thumb|right|13th century depiction of a Delkoran viking raid]]<br />
The Delkoran Viking Era began in the late 8th century when the largest and most influential of the petty kingdoms began seeking land, trade, and resources from abroad, launching expeditions that targeted various regions throughout eastern Tyran. <br />
<br />
The continued accumulation of wealth and power by the largest petty kingdoms initiated a process of consolidation in Delkora, as smaller kingdoms and fiefdoms were absorbed into the larger ones through conquest or succession. This process culminated in 982 when King Asmund the Grey of Cybria succeeded to the thrones of Førelskov and Banderhus, and subsequently declared himself ''King of the Delkorans''. As king, Asmund ruled over most of the territory of modern-day Delkora, and is regarded as the first Delkoran monarch.<br />
<br />
Even after the establishment of the Delkoran Kingdom, the country remained politically fractured, as the monarch had to share power with regional ''jarls'', who maintained large personal armies and whose backing the monarch needed to remain in power. Up until the 12th century, it was common for unpopular monarchs to be ousted by the jarls. <br />
<br />
Beginning in the 11th Century, Delkora emerged as a major economic power as a result of its control of valuable trade routes. The wealth generated from this trade was mostly concentrated in the large cities along the Kingdom's northern coast, while its southernmost regions, generally isolated from the major trading routes, profited far less. Between 1176 and 1382, resentment between the north and south led to a series of brief conflicts between the personal armies of the northern and southern jarls. <br />
<br />
In an effort to put an end to these costly skirmishes, King Haldor III summoned a conference in the city of Aberald in 1385 where they negotiated the Peace of Aberald. Under the Peace, the jarls agreed to surrender their personal armies to the King in exchange for the freedom to govern their states as they wished, thereby laying the foundation for a federal system of government. The Peace also established the Jarl Council, a forerunner to the Chamber of Nobles, which had the dual purpose of proposing laws to the king and enabling the states to peacefully resolve their disputes.<br />
<br />
===Renaissance=== <br />
The period of relative calm brought about by the Peace of Aberald enabled a period of academic and artistic development in Delkoran society that marked the beginning of its renaissance period. During this time, major advances were made in the fields of astronomy, physics, and chemistry by Delkoran scholars. Prosperous northern cities such as Abenvard, Darzenbrom, Tybenhoth, and Gothendral became the centers of the Renaissance, where scholars at universities wrote prolifically and exchanged ideas. <br />
<br />
The dissemination of their ideas was aided by the advent of metal movable type in the mid-15th Century, as well as increasing rates of literacy. In 1632, Arthur Gustavsen, a Vallyar scholar who had traveled extensively through [[Tyran]], published the ''Encyclopedia Tyranica'', the most comprehensive encyclopedia of Tyrannian history up to that time. <br />
<br />
The reign of Queen Astrid IV (1552-1586) proved to be despotic and violent. As queen, Astrid greatly strengthened the power and influence of the Vallyar Order and targeted any who questioned it. She led a series of purges against monotheist missionaries in Delkora that, by some estimates, killed over 20,000 people.<br />
<br />
===Early modern period===<br />
Astrid's successors, Boromir II and Gretta I, oversaw much of Delkora's early modern period, which saw a trend toward centralization of the Delkoran state. During this time, radical political theorists wrote prolifically in the Kingdom's thriving universities. Major scholars of the era included Halvar Bertram, noted for his writings on ethics and philosophy, Danrik Gammelgaard, famous for his works on economics, and Hans Eliasen, whose writings about human nature and governance would have a significant influence on the development of parliamentary government in the aftermath of Delkoran Civil war. <br />
<br />
In 1765, Lebøvenland joined the Kingdom as a constituent state following adoption of the Lebøvenland Instrument of Accession.<br />
<br />
===Civil war and parliamentary government===<br />
{{main|Delkoran Civil War}}<br />
In 1825, King Vallgaar III, fearing that the peasantry was becoming radicalized against his reign by the spread of liberal political ideas, ordered the jarls to break up peasant communes in the countryside and convert their land into private property. The jarls, believing this to be a violation of the Peace of Aberald, refused. In retaliation, Vallgaar undertook a bloody campaign to disband the communes, prompting a widespread peasant uprising and leading the jarls to begin rebuilding their former armies in an effort to oust him. <br />
<br />
The resulting civil war dragged on for four long years, with the tide eventually turning against Vallgaar when the peasant militias and jarls formed an alliance and, after a string of key victories, closed in on Norenstal and eventually captured the King in 1832. Vallgaar was forced to abdicate and later sentenced to death by guillotine. <br />
<br />
Although the jarls and the peasantry had been united in their opposition to Vallgaar, the Constitutional Convention of 1833 quickly highlighted the divergent interests of the two factions. The jarls had only sought to oust Vallgaar and replace him; they had no desire to pursue fundamental political or social change. Peasant delegates at the convention, meanwhile, demanded the abolition of the monarchy and aristocracy, as well as a redistribution of land. <br />
<br />
Lord Telberath, fearing the country would descend into a second civil war, sought to negotiate a compromise that would be suitable to both sides. Under the Constitution that was eventually ratified, the national monarchy and aristocracy were retained, but stripped of their political power and relegated to a largely ceremonial status. Power was transferred to a bicameral Parliament to be composed of a Chamber of Representatives that would represent the people, and a Chamber of Nobles that would represent the jarls. <br />
<br />
Shortly after the ratification of the Constitution, Parliament began searching for candidates for the national monarchy, eventually settling on Lord Aksel of Tordenhelm, a distant relative of the by then extinct House of Gryngaard-Sorenzborg. A nationwide referendum was held to test Aksel's support, and after winning the approval of a large majority of the population, Aksel was coronated as King Aksel II. National elections were subsequently held for the Chamber of Representatives, and [[Edvard af Telberath]] became the first chancellor of Delkora.<br />
<br />
===Reform=== <br />
Even with the adoption of parliamentary government, vestiges of the old aristocratic order persisted throughout the 1800's. While the new Constitution had stripped the national monarchy of its political power, the jarls of Delkora's seven states had been permitted to continue ruling as essentially absolute monarchs, and often abused their power, sparking calls for reform. The first wave of reform started in the 1870's as urban industrial workers throughout the Kingdom began to organize and demand higher wages and improved working conditions. The United Worker's Congress of Delkora (UWKD) was formed in 1872 to organize mass strikes and lobby lawmakers. <br />
<br />
Fearing the growing power of the UWCD and other labor organizations, the jarls of Førelskov, Vassengård, and Norvia banned them by decree and initiated a violent campaign to disband them. Tensions culminated in 1875 with the Thaldren Massacre, in which police opened fire on striking steel workers, resulting in dozens of casualties and sparking riots throughout the Kingdom. [[National Labor]] was formed under the auspices of the UKDW and began running candidates for the Federal Parliament, coming to power in a coalition government with the Liberal Party in 1880. <br />
<br />
Upon taking office, Chancellor Magnus Brom went about drafting an amendment to the Constitution that would strip the jarls of their political power. The amendment passed by a large margin in the Chamber of Representatives and was approved by a similarly large majority of the Chamber of Nobles, whose members feared the outbreak of another civil war and voted for the amendment in spite of threats from the jarls. Nonetheless, the jarls of Førelskov, Vassengård, and Norvia remained defiant, continuing to rule by decree. In response, Brom sent troops into these states and arrested the jarls, forcing them to abdicate. By 1885, all seven states had adopted parliamentary democratic governments.<br />
<br />
===Economic depression===<br />
The period between 1940 and 1959 was characterized by a massive transfer of wealth to the upper classes. Upon taking office in 1940, the Conservative government of [[Veidnar Albendor]] went about slashing tax rates, with the largest decreases applied to corporations and the wealthy. Although initially popular with the public, the tax cuts resulted in increasingly large budget deficits between 1940 and 1945, prompting the government to implement unpopular cuts to social security and pension spending. <br />
<br />
During this period, the Albendor government also implemented a sweeping deregulation agenda that virtually ended the enforcement of competition law, resulting in the largest corporations and banks gaining increasingly greater influence over the economy. As part of the deregulation agenda, the federal minimum wage was eliminated, resulting in lower wages for workers across nearly every sector of the economy which, when combined with increasing prices as a result of monopolization, led to a sharp spike in the poverty rate and a decrease in aggregate demand. By the early 1950's, the economy had entered a recession, which eventually escalated into a depression in the wake of the 1953 Banking Crisis.<br />
<br />
With unemployment hitting 17% by the fall of 1954, the Albendor government took quick action to prevent the imminent bankruptcy of three of the country's largest employers, Halmodryn Steel, Drommler Automotive, and Elderik-Sonderheim. The bailout package passed by Parliament that year succeeded in keeping the companies in business, but angered the labor movement, who believed the companies had been bailed out on the backs of workers that continued to be laid off and faced poverty wages. <br />
<br />
Facing growing unpopularity in Parliament, Albendor announced his intention to step down as chancellor ahead of the 1956 federal election. [[Hjalmar Madsen]] subsequently succeeded Albendor after the Conservative-Agrarian-Moderate coalition maintained a slim majority. The following year, unemployment reached its peak of 25%, contributing to the increasing radicalization of labor union leadership. Believing that the crisis caused by the depression was optimal for sparking a revolution, radicals in the labor movement began organizing mass cross-industry strikes intended to shut down the economy.<br />
<br />
===Social unrest and the New Kingdom program===<br />
[[File:Fristadstoget, E-tuna.JPG|300px|thumb|right|General strike in Halmodryn, 1959]]<br />
By 1957, civil unrest had spread throughout much of the country as mass strikes virtually paralyzed the economy. In the major cities, large scale protests quickly turned violent when police attempted to disperse them, resulting in rioting in the cities of Norenstal, Gothendral, Abenvard, and Tordenhelm. University campuses proved to be centers of the growing dissident movement as students staged mass walkouts and disruptions.<br />
<br />
Beginning in 1958, the [[Labor Underground]] movement launched a campaign of targeted guerrilla warfare against government and corporate targets that included car bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, and vigilantism.<br />
<br />
As violence spread throughout the cities, Chancellor Madsen declared a national emergency in 1958, arresting thousands of agitators and deploying troops to keep the peace. The following year, he was assassinated by a member of the Labor Underground after an event in Grafholmen. His successor, Thalbius Sörbengaard, proved to be an ineffective leader who was unable to calm the situation and ultimately lost a confidence vote just months after taking office. In the ensuing election, [[National Labor]] won a landslide victory, gaining a rare single-party majority.<br />
<br />
Upon taking office, Chancellor [[Mette Elvensar]] sought to implement National Labor’s [[New Kingdom]] program, a series of wide-ranging reforms that aimed to restructure the Delkoran economy and begin the transition to public and worker ownership of the means of production. Elvensar's successor, [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]], who served as chancellor from 1967 to 1983, continued the implementation of the New Kingdom program, and successfully passed the Economic Rights Amendment of 1976, which embedded many of the reforms into the federal constitution. <br />
<br />
The New Kingdom proved to be highly popular with the working class and trade unions, resulting in National Labor staying in power throughout the 1970's, in coalition with the Liberal Party after 1975. The coalition lost its plurality in the 1983 federal election, leading to a coalition of the Conservative and Agrarian Parties led by [[Lars af Vellarand]] coming to power on a platform of fiscal and social conservatism.<br />
<br />
===1983-present===<br />
The Conservative Party and the Agrarians would remain in power throughout the 1980's and into the first half of the 1990's. Led by Vellarand, the coalition embarked on a program of economic austerity in an effort to reduce the deficit, in addition to pursuing a program of devolution of power to state governments. Vellarand's austerity policies proved to be highly unpopular with the public, although his personal popularity secured his government another term in 1987. Although Vellarand’s coalition had campaigned on reversing the New Kingdom programs, his government had little success, often stymied by the Economic Rights Amendment, and never able to attain a large enough majority in Parliament to repeal it.<br />
<br />
In 1990, Vellarand's mounting health issues prompted him to announce that he would not seek another term as chancellor. [[Ulrik Andersen]] was subsequently elected party leader and became chancellor in 1991 after the Conservative-Agrarian coalition retained a slim majority. Andersen's government was ultimately ousted in 1994 by a vote of no confidence following his indictment on electoral fraud and bribery charges related to the 1991 election. In the ensuing election, National Labor, led by [[Emma Jørgensen]], saw a resurgence of support, and was returned to power in a coalition government with the Liberal Party. The Jørgensen government cut back on military spending and expanded welfare services, stabilizing the economy.<br />
<br />
The 2002 Elections saw [[Kol Vossgaard]] become the country's first Green Party chancellor. During his term, Vossgaard pushed through strict regulations that limited the amount of pollution output allowed by factories and prevented industrial expansion into wilderness areas. These reforms were popular, but the Greens nonetheless lost several seats in the 2006 elections due to poor economic performance. The Conservatives, led by [[Harald Møller]], forged a coalition government with the Agrarian Party.<br />
<br />
In 2012, members of Black Covenant, a far-right Delkoran nationalist group, detonated a bomb inside the Svalbörden Subway Station in downtown Norenstal, killing 57 people. The Møller government responded by passing the National Security Act of 2012, a controversial piece of legislation that greatly expanded the ability of the national government to spy on Delkoran citizens. The government's popularity remained high until 2014, when a severe recession hit, ultimately resulting in the Møller government being ousted in the federal election that year. The Liberals gained dozens of seats, becoming the largest party in Parliament. Adric Azengaard, their leader, became chancellor after negotiating the Kingdom's first "traffic light" coalition government with National Labor and the Greens.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[File:Absolute mer de glace 01.JPG|thumb|200px|Grymvar National Park in Cybria]]<br />
[[File:Frankfurter Altstadt mit Skyline 2012-04.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Gothendral skyline]]<br />
[[File:2018 - Nyhavn on sunset.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Staldrø Municipality in Cybria]]<br />
Located in northeastern Eracura, Delkora borders [[Acrea]] to the west, as well as [[Meᵹelan|Megelan]] and [[Delliria]] to the south. The topography of the Kingdom varies considerably from region to region. The southern states of Banderhus, Vassengård, and Norvia are heavily agrarian and home to most of the Kingdom's arable land. With the exception of the large cities of Izenhoth, Tordenhelm, and Grafholmen, these states are only sparsely populated.<br />
<br />
===Climate===<br />
Most of Delkora has a {{wp|temperate climate}} characterized by mild winters and cool summers, while much of insular Delkora and the far northern coastal areas have a {{wp|subarctic climate}}. In the northern regions, there are relatively large variations in seasonal sunlight.<br />
<br />
===Biodiversity=== <br />
Delkoran ecosystems are characterized by a high degree of biodiversity, with approximately 175,000 known species and an estimated 23,000 that have yet to be described. An extensive body of federal environmental law exists to ensure the preservation of existing species and ecosystems. Strict regulations govern hunting and fishing quotas, and {{wp|whaling}} has been illegal in Delkora's exclusive economic zone since 1962. The Ministry of Environment maintains an extensive list of endangered species, and has developed action plans to rebuild their populations. Strict penalties exist for the unlawful killing of species on this list. <br />
<br />
More recently, Parliament has passed laws regulating gene pools and the distribution of {{wp|genetically modified organisms}}. Forest biomes are protected by a system of national parks and nature preserves, and {{wp|slash-and-burn}} agriculture is prohibited. Forestry laws require replanting at replacement level for all felling operations.<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
{{main|Demographics of Delkora}}<br />
===Population===<br />
{{Historical populations<br />
|footnote =<br />
|shading = off<br />
|1500|10,950,000<br />
|1600|12,810,500<br />
|1700|15,925,600<br />
|1750|18,745,000<br />
|1800|28,975,500<br />
|1825|32,150,400<br />
|1850|37,320,800<br />
|1860|45,275,350<br />
|1870|48,762,591<br />
|1880|51,203,510<br />
|1890|55,642,110<br />
|1900|57,473,992<br />
|1910|61,829,463<br />
|1920|67,602,587<br />
|1930|72,588,902<br />
|1940|78,201,399<br />
|1950|80,650,439<br />
|1960|81,304,587<br />
|1970|84,721,505<br />
|1980|86,010,439<br />
|1990|87,191,375<br />
|2000|89,482,726<br />
|2010|93,151,786<br />
|2020|96,258,934<br />
}}<br />
Following its industrialization in the late 1700's, and the ensuing rise in living standards, Delkora's population began to increase dramatically. Birthrates reached a peak in the 1920's, and started to slowly decline thereafter. Since the immigration reforms of Chancellor Mette Elvensar in the 1960's, the Kingdom has experienced several major waves of immigration from Tyran and abroad. Accordingly, most population growth since 1975 has been driven by immigration. <br />
<br />
As of 2018, the national population was estimated at around 93 million, with a median age of 39 years old and a fertility rate of 1.87 children born per woman. A federal census is conducted every ten years to measure population change and collect demographic data. The next census is scheduled for 2020.<br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
{{wp|Danish language|Delkoran}} is the official language of the Kingdom at the federal level and is spoken by over 97% of the population. State and local governments may establish regional languages as they see fit. Languages recognized on a regional level include {{wp|Faroese language|Lebøvian}}, {{wp|German language|German}}, {{wp|Romansch language|Romansch}}, {{wp|Icelandic language|Icelandic}}, {{wp|Scots language|Scots}} and {{wp|Scandoromani language|Traveller Romani}}. Bilingualism is very common in Delkora.<br />
<br />
===Religion===<br />
{{main|Vallyar}}<br />
Since the early 1900's, Delkora has become increasingly secular. [[Vallyar]] is the official religion of the Kingdom, and 59% of the population are registered members of the Vallyar Order, although it is estimated that less than 20% regularly attend services. Approximately 34% of the population identify as atheist or agnostic, while 5% identify as Christian. The remaining 3% of the population follow some other faith. <br />
<br />
As the Delkoran folk religion, Vallyar has existed in various forms dating as far back as 2500 BCE. It is a {{wp|Polytheism|polytheistic}} faith which posits that a divine and impersonal force known as the Vallyar exists as the "soul" of the universe, from which a pantheon of subordinate deities originate. <br />
<br />
The religion has always lacked an evangelical character due to one of its fundamental tenants being an assumption that human knowledge is constantly evolving, and that other religions could therefore be as valid as Vallyar itself, or at least partially valid. Scholars of religion have noted the egalitarian character of the religion, which even in its earliest stages promoted a society based on gender equality where men and women had equal rights and responsibilities, as well as a rejection of strict hierarchies.<br />
<br />
Although the Delkoran state is officially religious, in practice the Vallyar Order, like the monarchy, now serves a mostly ceremonial role within the government, and has no influence on policy. Moreover, strong religious freedom protections enacted by the federal constitution and various pieces of legislation guarantee the rights of those who do not adhere to the faith. The {{wp|valknut}}, a Vallyar symbol, appears prominently on the Delkoran flag.<br />
<br />
===Ethnicity===<br />
76.8% of the population identifies as ethnic Delkoran, while 6.7% identify as another Eracuran ethnicity, with the largest subset of this group being other Nordic peoples and Goths, followed by Meᵹelanese and Dellirians. Those identifying as a Sidurian ethnicity comprise 14.9% of the population, with the largest subset of this group being Miranians, followed by Mubatans and Quenminese. Lastly, about 1.6% of people identify as {{wp|Travellers}}, a traditionally {{wp|itinerant}} group originating from southern Siduri.<br />
<br />
===Largest cities===<br />
{{Largest cities in Delkora}}<br />
<br />
==Politics and Government==<br />
===Monarchy===<br />
{{main|Monarchy of Delkora}}<br />
[[File:Ιωάννης Αδάμ Β΄ του Λίχτενσταϊν.jpg|200px|thumb|right|King [[Haldor VII]]]]<br />
The Delkoran monarch is a constitutional monarch who holds a largely ceremonial role that is constrained by the federal constitution. The current king, Haldor VII, is a member of the House of Valdenharm, a cadet branch of the now extinct House of Gryngaard-Sorenzborg. Succession to the throne is based on absolute primogeniture, whereby the throne passes to the monarch's eldest child regardless of gender. The current heir apparent to the throne is Crown Princess Ingrid, the first born daughter of Haldor VII and Queen Elsa.<br />
<br />
===Parliament===<br />
{{main|Delkoran Federal Parliament}}<br />
[[File:The swedish parliament - panoramio.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Hyengaard Palace, seat of the Federal Parliament]]<br />
The Delkoran Federal Parliament is a bicameral body composed of the popularly-elected Chamber of Representatives and the indirectly-elected Chamber of Nobles. Members of the Chamber of Representatives are elected from multi-member districts through party list proportional representation. The Chamber of Nobles, the upper house of Parliament, is composed of 175 peers appointed by the jarls of the Kingdom's seven states on the advice of their state governments, as well as an additional 25 appointed by the national monarch on the advice of the federal Cabinet. All legislation must originate in the Chamber of Representatives. It is then sent to the Chamber of Nobles for review, where amendments can be proposed, although they must be approved by the Chamber of Representatives. Because the Chamber of Nobles only has the right to be consulted on legislation and not a right to veto, it can only delay bills, not defeat them. Constitutional amendments and treaties, however, require a 2/3 majority in both chambers.<br />
<br />
The [[Cabinet of Delkora|cabinet]], chaired by the [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]], constitutes the government of the day, and is responsible to the Chamber of Representatives. After an election, the Monarch gives an exploratory mandate to the leader of the largest party to begin forming a government. After a government has been formed, its Chancellor candidate is then subject to an investiture vote, after which the Monarch is constitutionally obligated to appoint them. The Chancellor then appoints the other ministers of the Cabinet. Although executive power is formally exercised by the Monarch, since the ratification of the 1833 Constitution, he or she acts solely on the advice of the Cabinet.<br />
<br />
===Constituent states===<br />
{{main|States of Delkora|Federalism in Delkora}}<br />
Delkora is a federal monarchy consisting of seven states that are each organized as constitutional monarchies with their own heads of state. In each state, a hereditary jarl serves as head of state and formally appoints a first minister from the state parliament, who serves as head of government. Like the national monarch, however, the jarls now serve largely ceremonial roles. Delkora's state parliaments are all unicameral and use some variation of proportional representation. They have considerable power under the Delkoran Constitution, with the authority to pass laws on any subject matter not reserved to the federal government.<br />
<br />
===Judicial System and Law Enforcement===<br />
{{main|Judiciary of Delkora|Law of Delkora|Law enforcement in Delkora}}<br />
[[File:Female police officer of Denmark.jpg|300px|thumb|right|A Førelskov State Police officer in Jaerevik]]<br />
Delkora has a {{wp|Civil law (legal system)|civil law}} legal system. The court system consists of ordinary courts that deal with criminal and private law, and administrative courts. Most cases involving criminal or civil law originate in one of 154 district courts, rulings from which can be appealed to a Superior Court of Justice in each state, and finally the [[Federal Court of Justice (Delkora)|Federal Court of Justice]]. A similar hierarchy exists with respect to administrative courts, with the highest court in this hierarchy being the [[Federal Administrative Court of Delkora|Federal Administrative Court]]. The highest court in the country is the [[Federal Constitutional Court of Delkora|Federal Constitutional Court]], which ensures that all laws and regulations are consistent with the Delkoran Constitution. Additionally, each state has its own constitutional court, which is responsible for adjudicating the meaning of its state constitution. <br />
<br />
Routine law enforcement in the Kingdom takes place primarily at the state level. Each of the country's seven states maintains a police force that is responsible for maintaining the peace and enforcing laws. The [[Federal Police (Delkora)|Federal Police]] enforces federal criminal law and helps to assist and coordinate the activities of the state police agencies. The Federal Border Guard patrols the country's borders and administers border crossings. Prospective police officers undergo two years of training that includes not just physical conditioning and weapons training, but also cultural training and exhaustive mental health and emotional screening.<br />
<br />
===Foreign Relations and Military===<br />
{{main|Foreign relations of Delkora|Royal Delkoran Armed Forces}}<br />
[[File:160608-N-PF515- 001 (26946523723).jpg|300px|thumb|right|Delkoran Army soldiers conducting a training exercise]]<br />
Delkora is a member of the [[Organization of Tyrannic Nations]], the [[Common Sphere]], and is an observer state of the [[Commonwealth of Sovereign Nations]]. Its closest bilateral relations are with other [[Common Sphere]] member states. [[Gylias-Delkora relations|Relations]] with [[Gylias]] have been particularly strong on account of good trade relations and similar cultural values. <br />
<br />
The [[Royal Delkoran Armed Forces]] is composed of four branches including the Royal Army, Navy, Air Force, and Home Guard. The Home Guard is a separate force administered by the states that is primarily responsible for defending strategic infrastructure and providing a rapid response in the event of an invasion. There is a strict separation between the military and civil police forces, with soldiers prohibited from participating in routine law enforcement operations except when necessary during times of civil unrest.<br />
<br />
==Education==<br />
{{main|Education in Delkora}}<br />
The Kingdom guarantees free education at all levels funded primarily through state and local taxation. Throughout the 1950's and 60's, all states in the country came to adopt variations of the Laerenger Model developed by educational psychologist Lara Laerenger. Key features of this model include optional pre-school from age 3 to 6; a highly structured primary education that lasts from age 6 to 12 which focuses on the development of literacy, reasoning ability, and social skills; a less structured lower secondary education with an emphasis on identifying personal strengths and interests from age 12 to 16; and an optional upper secondary education from age 16 to 18 in which students can opt for vocational training or a university preparation curriculum in academy. <br />
<br />
Tertiary education in the country is offered by a range of universities and colleges. Most of these are operated by state governments, although some are run by the federal government. As of 2018, there were 84 universities in Delkora, 24 colleges of applied science, 16 colleges of business, and 7 colleges of art. Bachelors degree programs typically require 3 years of study, masters 2-3, and doctoral degrees 3-4. The Master of Laws (M.L.) degree is required to become a practicing lawyer, in addition to passing the Federal Bar Exam, and requires 4 years of study beyond the bachelor's level. The Doctor of Laws (D.L.) is a PhD program available after completion of the M.L. for those wishing to specialize in a particular area of law or who wish to pursue a career in academics, and requires an additional 3 years of study. Those wishing to become physicians must attain a five year Doctor of Medicine (D.M.) degree after completion of their bachelor's work. The D.M. degree is divided into two years of training in the basic sciences, followed by three years of clinical work. After graduation, candidates must pass the Federal Medical Licensure Test and complete two years of residency. Specialized medical degrees are available beyond the D.M. degree for those wishing to specialize in a particular field of medicine such as cardiology or psychiatry, and require an additional two to three years of study. <br />
<br />
Education policy is highly decentralized. Each state sets its own standards, although the actual administration of schools is mostly left to municipal governments. Since the 1960's, the federal government has sought to impose a uniform set of national standards throughout the country, while leaving the states wide discretion in how they implement the standards. Education is treated as a public good, and while a handful of private schools exist, they are subject to extensive regulation and are barred from receiving public funds. Homeschooling has been banned in every state since 1993.<br />
<br />
==Healthcare==<br />
{{main|Healthcare in Delkora}}<br />
Delkora has a {{wp|single-payer healthcare}} system funded primarily through state and local taxation that provides all medically-necessary and preventive care free at the point of use. The Ministry of Health oversees healthcare at the federal level, although in practice the system is highly decentralized, with most physicians in the Kingdom being employed by state and local governments, which also run most hospitals and clinics. Private health insurance does not exist. <br />
<br />
The country ranks high on most measures of public health, with low rates of child mortality, communicable disease, and premature death. Relative to other developed nations in Tyran, Delkora has low rates of obesity and heart disease. Treatment outcomes for diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's have steadily improved in recent decades due in large part to high levels of government funding for research and development of pharmaceuticals. Overall life expectancy in 2018 was 80.1 years for men and 80.4 years for women. The Delkoran health system has long been noted for its efficiency and high patient satisfaction ratings. In 2018, the average wait time to see a primary care physician was 3 days, while the average wait time to see a specialist was 28 days.<br />
<br />
==Economy==<br />
{{main|Economy of Delkora}}<br />
Delkora is a {{wp|post-industrial economy}}, with services accounting for 73% of GDP, industry 26%, and agriculture 1%. Since the New Kingdom Reforms of the 1960's and 70's, the Delkoran economy has been based on a model of {{wp|market socialism}}. It has one of the highest union densities in Tyran, with close to 87% of Delkoran workers registered as members of a labor union. The Kingdom is known for its large {{wp|worker cooperative|cooperative sector}}, which is the fourth largest in Tyran behind Gylias, Megelan, and Akashi. <br />
<br />
Delkora is also known for its expansive {{wp|welfare state}}, a major component of which is its {{wp|social dividend}} program, financed primarily by profits from publicly-owned stocks, land, and natural resources. <br />
<br />
The Delkoran income tax system is highly progressive, with the lowest rate set at 10%, while the highest is 95%. The corporate tax rate is similarly progressive, with a rate of 15% applied to most small businesses, while the largest corporations are taxed at 45%. A national VAT tax of 10% is also in place, with a lower rate of 5% applied to food, medicine, and clothing. State and local governments also levy taxes, with much of their revenues drawn from land and property taxes. Delkora has among the lowest levels of income inequality in Tyran.<br />
<br />
Major export industries in Delkora include information technology, pharmaceuticals, automobiles, shipbuilding, and steel. Imports include oil and natural gas, raw metals, and foodstuffs. Delkora's closest trading partners are the other members of the [[Common Sphere]].<br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
===Agrarian Tradition===<br />
Early Nordic inhabitants of the Delkoran countryside tended to organize themselves into small communes rather than individual farmsteads. Historians often credit the egalitarian culture of these communes as contributing to the development of a democratic political culture and preference for local governance. Although the communes declined as a major social institution during the Kingdom's industrialization in the 18th and 19th Centuries, their culture has endured in certain rural areas of the country.<br />
<br />
Beginning with the counterculture movements of the 1960's and 70's, traditional agrarian culture was co-opted by radical groups pushing for wide-ranging social reforms, who pointed to the historical influence of the communes as proof that the egalitarian proposals they espoused were simply a return to the country's roots. In the present day, a conservative strain of this communes culture that predominates in the southern states forms the basis of political support for the country's centre-right Agrarian Party, while the more progressive commune culture of Cybria forms the basis of support for the country's Green Party, which is considerably more influential in national politics than its counterparts in other Tyrannian nations.<br />
<br />
===Progressivism===<br />
Delkora is widely seen as a progressive country, both in terms of government policy and the attitudes of its citizens. The country consistently ranks near the top of Tyrannian nations on measures of political and civil rights, worker's rights, civil liberties, and protection of minority rights. Extreme poverty and chronic homelessness have virtually been eliminated due to large-scale income redistribution. Expansive civil rights laws protect individuals from both public and private sector discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin, genetic information, physical appearance, sex, gender identity, sexuality, age, and disability. <br />
<br />
These policies, combined with robust affirmative action laws, have contributed to strong social cohesion. Political institutions are known for being transparent and responsive, and the country has one of the lowest rates of corruption in the world. <br />
<br />
===Cinema and Television===<br />
{{main|Cinema of Delkora|Television in Delkora}}<br />
[[File:Copenhagen Kongens Nytorv.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Kongens Teater in Abenvard]]<br />
Since the early 1930's, Delkora has been home to a thriving cinema industry, with early classics including ''Gothendral Nætter'' (1932) and ''Poets of the Revolution'' (1935). The 1950's saw the production of a number of influential documentaries critical of existing political structures and figures, helping to contribute to growing public dissatisfaction with decades of conservative governance. Films of this era included ''Aristokraterne'' (1956), which helped bring public awareness to the many institutional privileges still enjoyed by members of the aristocracy, as well as ''Fjødonor'' (1958), which detailed the plight of Delkoran steel workers in the city of Fjødonor. <br />
<br />
Major films in recent years have included ''Halvendahl'' (2016), an espionage thriller about a rogue ISD agent, and ''The Gravakr Event'' (2018), a science fiction horror film centered on a small town in northern Vassengård where a series of paranormal events occur after a rare meteor shower.<br />
<br />
Founded in 1932, the publicly-owned [[Delkoran Broadcasting Service]] had a virtual monopoly on television and radio broadcasts in the country until sweeping deregulation of the media industry in the 1980's resulted in a rapid expansion in the number of private media companies. Popular television series in recent years have included the political thriller ''King-in-Council'', about an MP who conspires to become chancellor through backstabbing and intrigue, and ''The Pact'', a dark comedy about a teenage couple who run away from home and embark on a series of bank robberies throughout the country. ''Boromir-12'' is a long-running science fiction series about a group of refugees who seek out a new planet after Earth is rendered uninhabitable by centuries of unmitigated climate change. <br />
<br />
Recent sitcoms have included ''Teachable Moment'', which follows the antics of a group of exceptionally smart yet lazy college students at Abenvard University, as well as ''Precinct 8'', about a team of detectives in the Norenstal Police Service. Beginning in the 1960's, political satire shows started to gain in popularity, and continue to receive high ratings. The most well-known show in this genre is the left-leaning ''[[The Havomar Report]]'', which has aired consistently since 1974 and has received critical acclaim for not only satirizing contemporary political figures and events, but also educating viewers and helping to bring public awareness to obscure issues.<br />
<br />
===Literature===<br />
{{main|Literature of Delkora}}<br />
The earliest Delkoran literature consists of the Seven Sagas, a collection of thousands of short stories, anecdotes, and epic poems started by early Dane tribes around 2,500 BCE, which forms the basis of Vallyar, the Delkoran folk religion. Originally passed down orally, an effort to compile the Sagas into a single piece of text was undertaken during the reign of King Asmund I. Somewhat unique among world religions, the Seven Sagas is considered to be an ongoing piece of work, and each new generation contributes verses to it by way of "findings" issued by the Vallyar Order. In this way, the Sagas provide not just a summary of Delkoran folklore and religious principles, but also a glimpse into the evolution of Delkoran society.<br />
<br />
The Delkoran renaissance saw an outpouring of new literature throughout the 16th Century as Delkoran playwrights and poets produced works that became famous throughout Eracura. The Delkoran Romantic period of literature began in the 1820's as a movement that promoted an idealized vision of the country's traditional culture and past. Famous authors of this period included Bertel Juhl and Haergar Vorengaard. The 1920's was a prolific period for Delkoran playwrights, who produced a number of notable works such as ''Alverne af Hymir'' (1923) by Anna af Gastenholt and ''The Death of Alice'' (1927) by Frederik Bartholmen. The 1930's marked the start of the ''Folkelitteratur'' movement, which broke with traditional literary conventions perceived to be aristocratic or classist. Works of this school emphasized realistic, often mundane characters and plots, as well as the use of low diction.<br />
<br />
As was the case with cinema at the time, Delkoran literature of the 1950's was notable for its critical character. The most famous works of this period were pieces of dystopian political fiction such as Karl Høj's ''Ild Sang'' (1952) and Agetha Espersen's ''Broken Glass'' (1957). The 1950's also saw the rise of anarchist literature produced by writers such as Eva Danielsen. The 1970's was the golden era for Delkoran science fiction, featuring writers such as Natasja Troelsen and Hal Hansen, who were known for their speculative fiction and whose influence can still be seen in recent works of literature in the genre. The early 1980's marked the beginning of Delkoran literature's postmodern period, which continues to the present day, and is best represented by authors such as Lora Gaerdesen and Ærindel Baldengaard, whose works make frequent use of unreliable narrator, stream of consciousness, and metafiction.<br />
<br />
===Cuisine===<br />
Delkoran cuisine has been heavily influenced by its history as a seafaring nation. Salmon, tilapia, crab, and cod are common entrees, often paired with citrus fruit and bread. Red meats are consumed far less often, with the exception of lamb. A glass of wine or a pint of beer is often served with dinner. Coffee is a popular beverage that is typically served after a meal. Delkorans typically consume large breakfasts and small dinners, while eating smaller snacks throughout the day. <br />
<br />
===Holidays===<br />
There are a total of ten holidays observed by the federal government. By law, all non-essential government employees have these days off, as well as most private sector employees. <br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Holiday !! Date !! Reason for Celebration<br />
|-<br />
| New Year's Day || 1 January || Start of a new year<br />
|-<br />
| Ostara || 3 April || Religious celebration of the start of spring<br />
|-<br />
| Labor Day || 1 May || Celebration of workers<br />
|-<br />
| Midsummer || 25 June || Religious celebration of the summer solstice<br />
|-<br />
| Freysblot || 1 August || Religious celebration of the autumn harvest<br />
|-<br />
| Constitution Day || 25 October || Ratification of the current Delkoran Constitution<br />
|-<br />
| Vetrnætr || 31 October || Religious celebration of the start of winter<br />
|-<br />
| Yule || 25 December || Religious celebration of the winter solstice<br />
|-<br />
| New Year's Eve || 31 December || New Year's Eve<br />
|-<br />
| Election Day || Varies|| Federal, state, and local elections<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Transportation and Infrastructure==<br />
[[File:Roadworks Germany A9.jpg|300px|thumb|right|FR-2 in northern Cybria]]<br />
Construction of Delkora's national highway system, which connects all of the Kingdom's major cities and serves as a major conduit for the transportation of commercial goods, began in 1935 during the chancellorship of Sofia Westergaard. The national highway system is complemented by a comprehensive system of state and county roads. Since the 1990's several high-speed rail systems have been built throughout the country. <br />
<br />
Delkoran car manufacturers are known for producing fuel efficient vehicles, and under Delkoran law all fossil fuel-powered vehicles manufactured for sale in the Kingdom after 2010 have been required to get at least 40 highway miles per gallon and 35 city miles. Delkora has one of the highest rates of hybrid and electric car ownership in Tyran.<br />
<br />
==Energy==<br />
{{main|Energy in Delkora}}<br />
[[File:Bad marienberg1.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Wind farm in Darenholm Municipality, Banderhus]]<br />
During the Green-led government of [[Kol Vossgaard]] in the early 2000's, Delkora accelerated its transition away from dependence on fossil fuels and greatly expanded its renewable energy production. Delkora is a {{wp|carbon neutral}} country in which, as of 2019, {{wp|wind power}} accounts for 45% of the Kingdom's total energy output, {{wp|hydropower}} 21%, {{wp|solar energy}} 16%, {{wp|nuclear energy}} 5%, and oil and natural gas 13%. The country's last coal-fired powerplants were decommissioned in 1996, and legislation passed since then has banned coal extraction. Carbon emissions in Delkora are subject to {{wp|carbon tax|taxation}}.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Tyran]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Delkora&diff=335874Monarchy of Delkora2021-04-13T16:14:54Z<p>Delkora: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox monarchy<br />
| royal_title = King<br />
| realm = Delkora<br />
| native_name = ''Kongen af Delkora''<br />
| border = federal<br />
| coatofarms = Delkora_Coat_of_Arms.PNG<br />
| coatofarms_size =<br />
| coa_alt =<br />
| coatofarms_article = <br />
| coatofarmscaption = <br />
| type = other<br />
| his/her = His <br />
| image = Ιωάννης Αδάμ Β΄ του Λίχτενσταϊν.jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| incumbent = [[Haldor VII]]<br />
| incumbentsince = 1974<br />
| heir_apparent = [[Ingrid, Crown Princess of Delkora|Ingrid]]<br />
| first_monarch = [[Asmund I Fairbeard|Asmund I]]<br />
| formation = 982 CE<br />
| residence = Valdenharm Palace<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Monarchy of Delkora''' is the {{wp|constitutional monarchy}} of the [[Delkora|Kingdom of Delkora]]. The monarchy dates back to 982 CE and has undergone many changes and reforms since then. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
==Constitutional role==<br />
Since the adoption of the Constitution in 1833, the monarchy is relegated to a mostly symbolic role in Delkoran society. The monarch is the head of state and the source of federal executive power. He also holds the position of commander-in-chief of the [[Royal Delkoran Armed Forces|armed forces]]. These powers, however, can only be exercised on the advice of the government. The monarch possesses relatively few {{wp|reserve powers}}. <br />
<br />
After an election, the [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Federal Parliament]] nominates a [[Chancellor of Delkora|chancellor]] candidate whom the monarch is constitutionally obligated to appoint. The monarch is responsible for granting {{wp|royal assent}} to legislation passed by the Federal Parliament in order for it to take effect. In the event the monarch denies or withholds consent, which is exceedingly rare, the legislation is considered promulgated after 10 days. As a result, he can at most delay but not veto laws. <br />
<br />
Aside from these powers, the monarch also formally appoints ambassadors, federal judges, senior members of the civil service, and commissioned military officers on the advice of the government. Prior to 1833, these officials would swear an oath of allegiance to the monarch, but now this oath is taken to the Constitution instead. The monarch also receives the credentials of foreign ambassadors, welcomes visiting heads of state, and represents Delkora on official trips abroad.<br />
<br />
==Cultural role==<br />
In addition to its constitutional role, the Delkoran monarchy is seen as a symbol of the Delkoran people. The institution is known for its {{wp|Bicycle monarchy|informal character}} and sensitivity to public opinion. Members of the royal family attend {{wp|state school}}s in [[Norenstal]] and frequently make unscheduled appearances at public gatherings such as festivals and concerts.<br />
<br />
==Succession==<br />
Rules governing succession to the throne are spelled out in ordinary legislation. Currently, succession is based on {{wp|absolute primogeniture}}. Following the death or abdication of a monarch, the Federal Parliament must pass an instrument of succession certifying the heir apparent as the legitimate successor. Afterward, the heir apparent takes the following oath of office in front of the Chamber of Representatives: ''"I {Name} do solemnly swear/affirm that I will at all times act in the best interests of the Delkoran people and in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the Kingdom, and that I will exercise my powers only on the advice of the government."<br />
<br />
The Federal Parliament can modify the line of succession, for example by skipping over an heir apparent. In the event an eligible successor to the throne cannot be identified, the Federal Parliament is empowered to appoint a successor.<br />
<br />
Under the Delkoran Constitution, the Federal Parliament can dethrone a sitting monarch by a two-thirds majority vote of both chambers, although this provision has not been used to date.<br />
<br />
==Royal family==<br />
The Delkoran Constitution vests the monarchy in the House of Valdenharm. As of 2021, the members of the royal family are:<br />
*Haldor VII, King of Delkora<br />
*Elsa, Queen Consort of Delkora<br />
*Crown Princess Ingrid, Duchess of Cybria<br />
*Princess Ellinor, Duchess of Banderhus<br />
*Princess Astrid, Duchess of Vassengård<br />
*Prince Valmar, Duke of Førelskov <br />
<br />
==Residences and wealth==<br />
The royal family's official residence is Valdenharm Palace, located in Norenstal on the bank of the Trydenvar River. The family also has a vacation home in [[Vassengård]]. The family previously owned numerous other properties around the country including Gaerhus Palace and Meldenborg Castle, although these were brought under public ownership in 1960 by the government of [[Mette Elvensar]]. They are now under the administration of the [[Delkoran administrative agencies|Office of Historical Perseveration]] and open to the public as {{wp|historic site}}s.<br />
<br />
In 2020, the Delkoran royal family had an estimated net worth of ⊻12 million, making it among the least wealthy in Eracura. Historically, the family had a much larger personal fortune, but much of it was expropriated in the 1960s under the [[New Kingdom]] program. The monarch and other members of the royal family are subject to federal, state, and local taxation. Their finances are available for public inspection.<br />
<br />
==Public opinion==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Delkora&diff=335853Monarchy of Delkora2021-04-13T15:38:21Z<p>Delkora: /* Constitutional role */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox monarchy<br />
| royal_title = King<br />
| realm = Delkora<br />
| native_name = Kongen af Delkora<br />
| border = federal<br />
| coatofarms = Delkora_Coat_of_Arms.PNG<br />
| coatofarms_size =<br />
| coa_alt =<br />
| coatofarms_article = <br />
| coatofarmscaption = <br />
| type = other<br />
| his/her = His <br />
| image = Fürst Hans-Adam II. von und zu Liechtenstein (cropped).jpg<br />
| image_size =<br />
| caption = <br />
| incumbent = [[Haldor VII]]<br />
| incumbentsince = 1974<br />
| heir_apparent = [[Ingrid, Crown Princess of Delkora|Ingrid]]<br />
| first_monarch = [[Asmund I Fairbeard|Asmund I]]<br />
| formation = 982 CE<br />
| residence = Valdenharm Palace, [[Norenstal]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Monarchy of Delkora''' is the {{wp|constitutional monarchy}} of the [[Delkora|Kingdom of Delkora]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
==Constitutional role==<br />
Since the adoption of the Constitution in 1833, the monarchy is relegated to a mostly symbolic role in Delkoran society. The monarch is the head of state and the source of federal executive power. He also holds the position of commander-in-chief of the [[Royal Delkoran Armed Forces|armed forces]]. These powers, however, can only be exercised on the advice of the government. The monarch possesses relatively few {{wp|reserve powers}}. <br />
<br />
After an election, the [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Federal Parliament]] nominates a [[Chancellor of Delkora|chancellor]] candidate whom the monarch is constitutionally obligated to appoint. The monarch is responsible for granting {{wp|royal assent}} to legislation passed by the Federal Parliament in order for it to take effect. In the event the monarch denies or withholds consent, which is exceedingly rare, the legislation is considered promulgated after 10 days. As a result, he can at most delay but not veto laws. <br />
<br />
Aside from these powers, the monarch also formally appoints ambassadors, federal judges, senior members of the civil service, and commissioned military officers on the advice of the government. Prior to 1833, these officials would swear an oath of allegiance to the monarch, but now this oath is taken to the Constitution instead. The monarch also receives the credentials of foreign ambassadors, welcomes visiting heads of state, and represents Delkora on official trips abroad.<br />
<br />
==Cultural role==<br />
In addition to its constitutional role, the Delkoran monarchy is seen as a symbol of the Delkoran people. The institution is known for its {{wp|Bicycle monarchy|informal character}} and sensitivity to public opinion. Members of the royal family attend {{wp|state school}}s in Norenstal and frequently make unscheduled appearances at public gatherings such as festivals and concerts.<br />
<br />
==Succession==<br />
Rules governing succession to the throne are spelled out in ordinary legislation. Currently, succession is based on {{wp|absolute primogeniture}}. Following the death or abdication of a monarch, the Federal Parliament must pass an instrument of succession certifying the heir apparent as the legitimate successor. Afterward, the heir apparent takes the following oath of office in front of the Chamber of Representatives: ''"I {Name} do solemnly swear/affirm that I will at all times act in the best interests of the Delkoran people and in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the Kingdom, and that I will exercise my powers only on the advice of the government."<br />
<br />
The Federal Parliament can modify the line of succession, for example by skipping over an heir apparent. In the event an eligible successor to the throne cannot be identified, the Federal Parliament is empowered to appoint a successor.<br />
<br />
Under the Delkoran Constitution, the Federal Parliament can dethrone a sitting monarch by a two-thirds majority vote of both chambers, although this provision has not been used to date.<br />
<br />
==Royal family==<br />
The Delkoran Constitution vests the monarchy in the House of Valdenharm. As of 2021, the members of the royal family are:<br />
*Haldor VII, King of Delkora<br />
*Elsa, Queen Consort of Delkora<br />
*Crown Princess Ingrid, Duchess of Cybria<br />
*Princess Ellinor, Duchess of Banderhus<br />
*Princess Astrid, Duchess of Vassengård<br />
*Prince Valmar, Duke of Førelskov <br />
<br />
==Residences and wealth==<br />
The royal family's official residence is Valdenharm Palace, located in Norenstal on the bank of the Trydenvar River. The family also has a vacation home in [[Vassengård]]. The family previously owned numerous other properties around the country including Gaerhus Palace and Meldenborg Castle, although these were brought under public ownership in 1960 by the government of [[Mette Elvensar]]. They are now under the administration of the [[Delkoran administrative agencies|Office of Historical Perseveration]] and open to the public as {{wp|historic site}}s.<br />
<br />
In 2020, the Delkoran royal family had an estimated net worth of ⊻12 million, making it among the least wealthy in Eracura. Historically, the family had a much larger personal fortune, but much of it was expropriated in the 1960s under the [[New Kingdom]] program. The monarch and other members of the royal family are subject to federal, state, and local taxation. Their finances are available for public inspection.<br />
<br />
==Public opinion==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Delkora&diff=335661Monarchy of Delkora2021-04-12T22:12:24Z<p>Delkora: Created page with "{{Infobox monarchy | royal_title = King | realm = Delkora | native_name = Kongen af Delkora | border = federal | coatofarms = De..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox monarchy<br />
| royal_title = King<br />
| realm = Delkora<br />
| native_name = Kongen af Delkora<br />
| border = federal<br />
| coatofarms = Delkora_Coat_of_Arms.PNG<br />
| coatofarms_size =<br />
| coa_alt =<br />
| coatofarms_article = <br />
| coatofarmscaption = <br />
| type = other<br />
| his/her = His <br />
| image = Fürst Hans-Adam II. von und zu Liechtenstein (cropped).jpg<br />
| image_size =<br />
| caption = <br />
| incumbent = [[Haldor VII]]<br />
| incumbentsince = 1974<br />
| heir_apparent = [[Ingrid, Crown Princess of Delkora|Ingrid]]<br />
| first_monarch = [[Asmund I Fairbeard|Asmund I]]<br />
| formation = 982 CE<br />
| residence = Valdenharm Palace, [[Norenstal]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Monarchy of Delkora''' is the {{wp|constitutional monarchy}} of the [[Delkora|Kingdom of Delkora]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
==Constitutional role==<br />
Since the adoption of the Constitution in 1833, the monarchy is relegated to a mostly symbolic role in Delkoran society. The monarch is the head of state and the source of federal executive power. He also holds the position of commander-in-chief of the [[Royal Delkoran Armed Forces|armed forces]]. These powers, however, can only be exercised on the advice of the government. The monarch possesses relatively few {{wp|reserve powers}}. <br />
<br />
After an election, the [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Federal Parliament]] nominates a [[Chancellor of Delkora|chancellor]] candidate whom the monarch is constitutionally obligated to appoint. The monarch is responsible for granting {{wp|royal assent}} to legislation passed by the Federal Parliament in order for it to take effect. In the event the monarch denies or withholds consent, which is exceedingly rare, the legislation is considered promulgated after 10 days. As a result, he can at most delay but not veto laws. <br />
<br />
Aside from these powers, the monarch also formally appoints ambassadors, federal judges, senior members of the civil service, and commissioned military officers on the advice of the government. Prior to 1833, these officials would swear an oath of allegiance to the monarch, but now this oath is given the Constitution instead. The monarch also receives the credentials of foreign ambassadors, welcomes visiting heads of state, and represents Delkora on official trips abroad. <br />
<br />
==Cultural role==<br />
In addition to its constitutional role, the Delkoran monarchy is seen as a symbol of the Delkoran people. The institution is known for its {{wp|Bicycle monarchy|informal character}} and sensitivity to public opinion. Members of the royal family attend {{wp|state school}}s in Norenstal and frequently make unscheduled appearances at public gatherings such as festivals and concerts.<br />
<br />
==Succession==<br />
Rules governing succession to the throne are spelled out in ordinary legislation. Currently, succession is based on {{wp|absolute primogeniture}}. Following the death or abdication of a monarch, the Federal Parliament must pass an instrument of succession certifying the heir apparent as the legitimate successor. Afterward, the heir apparent takes the following oath of office in front of the Chamber of Representatives: ''"I {Name} do solemnly swear/affirm that I will at all times act in the best interests of the Delkoran people and in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the Kingdom, and that I will exercise my powers only on the advice of the government."<br />
<br />
The Federal Parliament can modify the line of succession, for example by skipping over an heir apparent. In the event an eligible successor to the throne cannot be identified, the Federal Parliament is empowered to appoint a successor.<br />
<br />
Under the Delkoran Constitution, the Federal Parliament can dethrone a sitting monarch by a two-thirds majority vote of both chambers, although this provision has not been used to date.<br />
<br />
==Royal family==<br />
The Delkoran Constitution vests the monarchy in the House of Valdenharm. As of 2021, the members of the royal family are:<br />
*Haldor VII, King of Delkora<br />
*Elsa, Queen Consort of Delkora<br />
*Crown Princess Ingrid, Duchess of Cybria<br />
*Princess Ellinor, Duchess of Banderhus<br />
*Princess Astrid, Duchess of Vassengård<br />
*Prince Valmar, Duke of Førelskov <br />
<br />
==Residences and wealth==<br />
The royal family's official residence is Valdenharm Palace, located in Norenstal on the bank of the Trydenvar River. The family also has a vacation home in [[Vassengård]]. The family previously owned numerous other properties around the country including Gaerhus Palace and Meldenborg Castle, although these were brought under public ownership in 1960 by the government of [[Mette Elvensar]]. They are now under the administration of the [[Delkoran administrative agencies|Office of Historical Perseveration]] and open to the public as {{wp|historic site}}s.<br />
<br />
In 2020, the Delkoran royal family had an estimated net worth of ⊻12 million, making it among the least wealthy in Eracura. Historically, the family had a much larger personal fortune, but much of it was expropriated in the 1960s under the [[New Kingdom]] program. The monarch and other members of the royal family are subject to federal, state, and local taxation. Their finances are available for public inspection.<br />
<br />
==Public opinion==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Delkoran_Federal_Parliament&diff=335559Delkoran Federal Parliament2021-04-12T19:12:27Z<p>Delkora: /* State opening */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox legislature<br />
| name = Delkoran Federal Parliament<br />
| native_name = Delkorsk Føderaleting<br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| transcription_name = <br />
| legislature = 49th Føderaleting<br />
| coa_pic = DelkoraParliamentSeal.png<br />
| coa_res = 200px<br />
| coa_alt = <br />
| coa_caption = <br />
| logo_pic = <br />
| logo_res = <br />
| logo_alt = <br />
| logo_caption = <br />
| house_type = Bicameral<br />
| body = <br />
| jurisdiction = <br />
| houses = Chamber of Nobles<br>Chamber of Representatives<br />
| term_limits = <br />
| foundation = <!--{{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}}--><br />
| disbanded = <!--{{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}}--><br />
| preceded_by = <br />
| succeeded_by = <br />
| new_session = <br />
| leader1_type = Monarch<br />
| leader1 = [[Haldor VII]]<br />
| party1 = <br />
| election1 = <br />
| leader2_type = Lord Speaker of the Chamber of Nobles<br />
| leader2 = Lady Dædra af Alvenbrand ([[Conservative Party (Delkora)|K]])<br />
| party2 = <br />
| election2 = <br />
| leader3_type = Speaker of the Chamber of Representatives<br />
| leader3 = Tor Henriksen ([[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]])<br />
| party3 = <br />
| election3 = <br />
| leader4_type = <br />
| leader4 = <br />
| party4 = <br />
| election4 = <br />
| leader5_type = <br />
| leader5 = <br />
| party5 = <br />
| election5 = <br />
| leader6_type = <br />
| leader6 = <br />
| party6 = <br />
| election6 = <br />
| leader7_type = <br />
| leader7 = <br />
| party7 = <br />
| election7 = <br />
| seats = '''700'''<br>consisting of<br>500 MPs<br>200 Nobles<br />
| house1 = Chamber of Representatives<br />
| house2 = Chamber of Nobles<br />
| structure1 = DelkoranFederalParliament2018.svg<br />
| structure1_res = 300px<br />
| structure1_alt = <br />
| structure2 = DelkoraNobles.svg<br />
| structure2_res = 300px<br />
| structure2_alt = <br />
| political_groups1 = '''Government (314)'''<br>{{color box|#FFFF00}} [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal]] (134)<br/>{{color box|#EE0000}} [[National Labor]] (123)<br/>{{color box|#00FF00}} [[List of political parties in Delkora|Greens]] (57)<br/>'''Official Opposition (145)'''<br>{{color box|#00FFFF}} [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]] (94)<br/> {{color box|#800080}} [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian]] (51)<br/>'''Other Opposition (41)'''<br>{{color box|#000000}} [[List of political parties in Delkora|Alliance for National Action]] (19)<br>{{color box|#A52A2A}} [[Communist Party of Delkora|Communist]] (14)<br>{{color box|#FF6600}} [[List of political parties in Delkora|Lebøvian People's Party]] (5)<br>{{color box|#AD6E00}} [[List of political parties in Delkora|Free Republican]] (3)<br />
| political_groups2 = {{color box|#00FFFF}} [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]] (54)<br>{{color box|#FFFF00}} [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal]] (46)<br>{{color box|#EE0000}} [[National Labor]] (42)<br>{{color box|#800080}} [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian]] (35)<br>{{color box|#00FF00}} [[List of political parties in Delkora|Greens]] (8)<br>{{color box|#808080}} {{wp|Independent politician|Independent}} (15)<br />
| committees1 = <br />
| committees2 = <br />
| joint_committees = <br />
| term_length = <br />
| authority = <br />
| salary = <br />
| seats1_title = <br />
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| seats6_title = <br />
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| seats7 = <br />
| seats8_title = <br />
| seats8 = <br />
| voting_system1 = {{wp|Party-list proportional representation|Open list proportional representation}}<br />
| voting_system2 = *Appointment by subnational monarchs on the {{wp|Advice (constitutional)|advice}} of state governments (175 seats)<br><br />
*Appointment by the national monarch on the {{wp|Advice (constitutional)|advice}} of the federal [[Cabinet of Delkora|Cabinet]] (25 seats)<br />
| last_election1 = 5 March 2018<br />
| last_election2 = <br />
| last_election3 = <br />
| next_election1 = 7 March 2022 or earlier<br />
| next_election2 = <br />
| next_election3 = <br />
| redistricting = <br />
| motto = <br />
| session_room = <br />
| session_res = <br />
| session_alt = <br />
| meeting_place = Hyengaard Palace, [[Norenstal]], [[Delkora]]<br />
| session_room2 = <br />
| session_res2 = <br />
| session_alt2 = <br />
| meeting_place2 = <br />
| website = {{url|www.føderaleting.del}} <br />
| constitution =<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Delkoran Federal Parliament''' ({{wp|Danish language|Delkoran}}: ''Føderaleting'', lit. "Federal {{wp|Thing (assembly)|Thing}}") is the bicameral legislative body of [[Delkora]], consisting of the Chamber of Representatives and the Chamber of Nobles. The Chamber of Representatives, the lower house, consists of 500 members who are elected from multi-member districts using party-list proportional representation for four year terms. The Chamber of Nobles consists of 200 peers, including one delegation of 25 from each of the Kingdom's seven states who are appointed by the state's jarl on the advice of the state government, and an additional 25 who are appointed by the national monarch on the advice of the federal [[Cabinet of Delkora|Cabinet]]. Members of the Chamber of Nobles serve eight year terms. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The Chamber of Representatives traces its origins back to the House of Commoners formed by King Edvard IV in 1732 in response to growing demands for popular representation. In practice, it had little power and served mainly as an advisory body for the monarch. It could propose legislation, but the monarch had full authority to veto its proposals. Additionally, eligibility to vote was restricted to property-owning males. <br />
<br />
The Chamber of Nobles, meanwhile, traces its origins back to the Jarl Council established by the Peace of Aberald in 1385. The Council served as a representative body for the Kingdom's jarls, who would send members of their noble courts as delegates to propose laws to the King on their behalf and resolve disputes with other jarls. Although this body was reconstituted as the Chamber of Nobles following the Civil War, it continued to function in more or less the same way as the Council had until the ratification of the Jarls Amendment in 1885, which reduced the jarls to constitutional monarchs who could only act on the advice of their state government. <br />
<br />
==Elections==<br />
Elections to the Chamber of Representatives are required to occur at least every four years. MPs are elected from multi-member constituencies on the basis of party-list proportional representation using the {{wp|D'Hondt method}}. To be eligible to vote, one must be a Delkoran citizen, at least 17 years old, and a current or former resident of Delkora. Candidates likewise must be at least 17 years old, citizens, and reside in the constituency they seek to represent. <br />
<br />
In order to sit in the Chamber of Nobles, a person must be at least 30 years old upon taking office, a Delkoran citizen, reside in the state they will represent, and possess a [[Nobility of Delkora|title of nobility]]. Historically, the nobility requirement tended to restrict membership in the chamber to wealthy hereditary peers. However, as the issuance of noble titles has declined over the years, there has been an increasing tendency for state governments to select candidates without consideration of nobility, and to simply ennoble the candidate prior to their appointment.<br />
<br />
==State opening==<br />
The State Opening of Parliament traditionally occurs the first Monday after an election, by which time a government has almost always been formed due to the practice of coalition agreements being negotiated prior to elections. The newly-constituted Chamber of Representatives assembles at 9:00 AM, with the first order of business being the election of the speaker. Once a speaker is elected and administered the oath of office by the president of the Federal Constitutional Court, the chamber proceeds to a vote on a chancellor candidate. <br />
<br />
After the vote, the monarch formally appoints the nominee, after which they are administered the oath of office as follows: ''"I {Name} do solemnly swear/affirm that I will at all times act in the best interests of the Delkoran people and in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the Kingdom, and that I will renounce the powers of my office upon the expiration of my mandate."'' <br />
<br />
The monarch then gives the Royal Address, a nonpartisan speech intended to signify national unity. To maintain his or her status as a constitutional monarch, the King or Queen does not advocate for specific policies, although some monarchs have used the Royal Address as a way to put issues on the national agenda, such as when [[Haldor VII]] called attention to the issue of climate change at the 1987 State Opening of Parliament. After the Royal Address, the monarch exits the chamber, at which point the chancellor gives an inaugural address outlining the government's objectives.<br />
<br />
==Composition and function==<br />
===Chamber of Representatives===<br />
Each Delkoran Parliament lasts for a period of no more than four years, with each year designated as a session. Members of both chambers meet year-round, with a two month recess from June 1st to August 1st as well as a shorter recess from 1 December to 2 January. Business is normally conducted on weekdays from 9:00am to 5:00pm. {{wp|Government questions}} are held on Wednesdays. <br />
<br />
The Delkoran Constitution specifies that the [[Cabinet of Delkora|government]] is responsible to the Chamber of Representatives, which can oust it through a {{wp|Vote of no confidence|motion of no confidence}}. In the event of such a motion, the government is forced to resign unless it has the support of a majority of MPs. In the event of a successful motion of no confidence, the Chamber has 10 days to nominate a new chancellor. If a candidate cannot be agreed to within this time frame, the Chamber of Representatives is automatically dissolved and a new election must be held within 30 days.<br />
<br />
===Chamber of Nobles===<br />
Unlike the Chamber of Representatives, the Chamber of Nobles cannot be dissolved under any circumstances. Of the chamber's 200 members, 175 are appointed by the jarls of the [[States of Delkora|Delkoran states]], while the remaining 25 are appointed by the national monarch on the advice of the federal Cabinet. Nobles cannot be removed from office prior to the end of their term except for certain serious offenses. While the Chamber of Representatives is highly partisan and adversarial, the Chamber of Nobles functions as a more collegial and sober-minded body.<br />
<br />
In contrast to the lower house, nobles are grouped by state delegation rather than party caucus. Appointment to the chamber is seen as a great honor typically reserved for highly-respected senior statesmen and experienced bureaucrats who command great public confidence. Moreover, these individuals have usually reached the end of their political careers and are not likely to seek another public office after leaving the chamber, and are thus highly insulated from partisan political pressure.<br />
<br />
==Legislative process==<br />
The Delkoran Constitution requires that all legislation originate in the Chamber of Representatives. Most bills are introduced by the cabinet minister responsible for the relevant policy area, although any member can write and introduce legislation. After a bill is submitted to the clerk of the Chamber of Representatives, it is reviewed by the speaker, who then assigns it to a committee. The committees thoroughly examine the legislation and often call on outside experts to give testimony. Bills are often amended extensively at this stage, although these amendments can be struck by the full chamber. By law, all committee meetings and hearings must be open to the public unless they deal with classified information. After analyzing and amending the bill, the committee prepares a report and then votes on whether to advance the bill to the full chamber or table it.<br />
<br />
The rules of the Chamber of Representatives require that all bills advanced out of committee undergo three readings before being voted on unless a majority of members vote to waive one or more of the readings. Each reading is followed by a pre-determined amount of floor debate in which members discuss the merits of the legislation and propose amendments. The government and official opposition are each granted an equal amount of speaking time. Often, the chair of the committee which considered the legislation is the first to speak on the government side, although they typically speak only briefly and yield most of their time to rank and file members. Similarly, party leaders on the official opposition side generally avoid monopolizing speaking time. Out of courtesy, members of parties not affiliated with either the official opposition or the government are often yielded to by which ever side they intend to vote with on a particular bill. After the third reading, any member can introduce a motion to end debate and call to previous question, bringing the bill up for a vote before the full chamber. Alternatively, a motion to table can be adopted if the chamber determines that the final vote should be postponed. Most legislation requires a simple majority of members present and voting to pass the final floor vote.<br />
<br />
Legislation then proceeds to the Chamber of Nobles, where the Lord Speaker assigns it to a committee, which conducts a process similar to the Chamber Representatives. If advanced by the committee, there is an intermediate stage preceding floor debate in which each state's delegation consults with its state's government and provides its assessment of the bill either in person or in writing. State governments may choose to issue statements in support of or in opposition to a bill, and these statements are typically read on the floor by the state's most senior noble. After the consulting phase, the bill is scheduled for floor debate. Unlike in the Chamber of Representatives, there are no strict rules concerning the number of readings a bill must undergo or how long debate should last, and these guidelines are instead established through informal agreements. Time is equally divided between each state's delegation. Debate continues until a motion to end debate and call to previous question is adopted by a majority vote.<br />
<br />
If approved without amendments, the bill proceeds to the monarch, who gives it the royal assent. The bill is then countersigned by the chancellor and published in the Federal Gazette, at which point it becomes law. If the Chamber of Nobles approves a bill with amendments, it returns to the Chamber of Representatives, which can either agree to them or strike them by a simple majority. If the Chamber of Nobles votes against a bill, it is returned to the lower chamber, typically with a message outlining objections. The Chamber of Representatives can nonetheless send the bill to the monarch for the royal assent by a simple majority vote, meaning the upper house is effectively unable to exercise absolute veto power over legislation. It can however, use various tactics to delay a particular bill for as long as 60 days, such as holding extensive committee hearings or drawing out debate. After 60 days, however, the Chamber of Representatives can pass a retrieval motion by a simple majority vote, which brings the bill back to the lower house where it can then be sent to the monarch. These delaying tactics cannot be exercised with revenue and appropriations bills, however, which the Chamber of Nobles is only allowed 10 days to consider. If no vote has taken place within this timeframe, the bill returns to the Chamber of Representatives, where it can then be sent for the royal assent.<br />
<br />
Although most normal legislation requires a simple majority of members present and voting in both chambers, treaties must be approved by a 2/3 majority of all members in both chambers, and the Chamber of Representatives cannot override the opposition of the Chamber of Nobles. Constitutional amendments similarly require a 2/3 majority of all members in both chambers. <br />
<br />
==Powers==<br />
The Delkoran Constitution grants the Federal Parliament the exclusive authority to pass laws concerning foreign affairs, national defense, foreign and interstate commerce, currency regulation, immigration and nationality, elections, and protection of the environment. State parliaments, meanwhile, have the exclusive authority to make laws governing trade within their borders, culture, education, local government, and rules regarding the administration of their governments. All powers not specifically granted to the states under the Constitution are held by the state governments. As a result of the division of powers between the federal and state governments, as well as restrictions on government power outlined in Chapter 9 of the Delkoran Constitution, the Federal Parliament does not operate under the principle of {{wp|parliamentary sovereignty}}. These provisions are consistently upheld by the Federal Constitutional Court, which has the power to strike down acts of Parliament as unconstitutional.<br />
<br />
==Committees==<br />
Both chambers utilize standing and study committees which are formed and governed by rules specific to each chamber. Standing committees are permanent and remain in place when a new Parliament convenes. They have jurisdiction over broad policy areas, and thus most legislation is referred to them. Study committees, meanwhile, are formed by chamber leadership on an ad hoc basis to address emerging or particularly specialized issues. With some exceptions, they generally disband at the close of the Parliament in which they were formed. Joint committees consisting of members from both chambers are occasionally formed to deal with highly important or visible issues. <br />
===Chamber of Representatives Standing Committees===<br />
{{Div col|cols=3}}<br />
*Agriculture<br />
*Budget<br />
*Commerce, Industry, and Trade<br />
*Communications<br />
*Culture<br />
*Defense<br />
*Diversity and Inclusiveness<br />
*Education<br />
*Elections<br />
*Energy<br />
*Ethics<br />
*Environment<br />
*Finance<br />
*Foreign Affairs<br />
*Health<br />
*Immigration<br />
*Infrastructure<br />
*Intelligence and Domestic Security<br />
*Judiciary<br />
*Labor and Pensions<br />
*Parliamentary Procedures<br />
*Public Industries<br />
*Public Safety<br />
*Royal Affairs and the Nobility<br />
*Science and Technology<br />
*Social Welfare<br />
*State and Municipal Government<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Chamber of Nobles standing committees===<br />
{{Div col|cols=2}}<br />
*Constitutional Matters<br />
*Domestic Affairs<br />
*Economics and Trade<br />
*Foreign Affairs and Defense<br />
*Noble Titles and Orders<br />
*Oversight<br />
*Priesthood<br />
*State Government Affairs<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Joint committees===<br />
{{Div col|cols=1}}<br />
*Climate Change<br />
*National Security<br />
*Human Rights<br />
*International Aid and Development<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
==Members==<br />
The Chamber of Representatives has traditionally had a fairly even gender ratio. The 49th Parliament has been notable in that it is the most diverse in the Kingdom's history, with 15% of its members identifying as non-ethnic Delkorans. The average age of MPs is 37. <br />
<br />
==Compensation and privileges==<br />
Members of the Chamber of Representatives receive a yearly salary of 150,000 NSD, while cabinet ministers receive 200,000 NSD and the Chancellor receives 250,000 NSD. Members of the Chamber of Nobles receive a yearly salary of ⊻25,000. Members of both chambers also receive {{wp|per diem}} compensation to cover housing and transportation costs while Parliament is in session. Especially in the Chamber of Representatives, party caucuses rely heavily on staff that includes lawyers, legislative aids, policy advisers, and interns. <br />
<br />
Members of both chambers enjoy a number of privileges under Delkoran law, including immunity from prosecution while Parliament is in session, except when in the commission of a major offense. Additionally, MPs and nobles cannot be prosecuted for anything said on the floor of either chamber. Neither chamber has many restrictions on unparliamentary language, although the Chamber of Representatives maintains a strict requirement that remarks given during floor debate be germane to the legislation being considered.<br />
<br />
==List of constituencies by state==<br />
'''Norenstal''' <br />
*Norenstal-North (21 seats)<br />
*Norenstal-South (25 seats)<br />
'''Cybria''' <br />
*Cybria-North (34 seats)<br />
*Cybria-East (30 seats)<br />
*Cybria-Central (23 seats)<br />
*Cybria-Southwest (21 seats)<br />
*Cybria-Southeast (20 seats)<br />
'''Førelskov''' <br />
*Førelskov-East (35 seats)<br />
*Førelskov-West (31 seats)<br />
*Førelskov-Central (26 seats)<br />
*Førelskov-South (26 seats)<br />
'''Banderhus''' <br />
*Banderhus-North (28 seats)<br />
*Banderhus-East (21 seats)<br />
*Banderhus-West (17 seats)<br />
*Banderhus-South (15 seats)<br />
'''Vassengård''' <br />
*Vassengård-Northwest (23 seats)<br />
*Vassengård-Northeast (21 seats)<br />
*Vassengård-South (17 seats)<br />
'''Norvia''' <br />
*Northern Norvia (26 seats)<br />
*Southern Norvia (24 seats)<br />
'''Lebøvenland'''<br />
*Lebøvenland At-large (16 seats)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Delkora&diff=335522Delkora2021-04-12T18:20:56Z<p>Delkora: /* Monarchy */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox country<br />
|native_name = ''Kongeriget Delkore''<br />
|conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Delkora<br />
|common_name = Delkora<br />
|national_motto = ''Vox Populi Suprema'' (Latin)<br>"The Voice of the People is Supreme"<br />
|national_anthem = ''Kongelig March''<br>(English: Royal March)<br />
|image_flag = Flag_of_Delkora.png|Flag <br />
|image_coat = Delkora_Coat_of_Arms.PNG|Coat of Arms <br />
|image_map = <br />
|map_caption = Location of Delkora in [[Tyran]]<br />
|alt_map = <br />
|region = <br />
|official_languages = {{wp|Danish language|Delkoran}}<br />
|regional_languages = {{wp|Faroese language|Lebøvian}}, {{wp|German language|German}}, {{wp|Romansch language|Romansch}}, {{wp|Icelandic language|Icelandic}}, {{wp|Scots language|Scots}}, {{wp|Scandoromani language|Traveller Romani}}<br />
|ethnic_groups = 76.8% Delkoran<br>14.9% Sidurian<br>6.7% Other Eracuran<br>1.6% Traveller<br />
|demonym = Delkoran <br />
|capital = [[Norenstal]]<br />
|largest_city = Norenstal <br />
|government_type = {{wp|Federalism|Federal}} {{wp|Parliamentary System|parliamentary}} {{wp|Constitutional Monarchy|constitutional monarchy}}<br />
|leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of Delkora|Monarch]]<br />
|leader_name1 = [[Haldor VII]]<br />
|leader_title2 = [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]]<br />
|leader_name2 = [[Adric Azengaard]]<br />
|leader_title3 = [[Federal Constitutional Court of Delkora|President of the Federal Constitutional Court]]<br />
|leader_name3 = [[Arya Raelenthur]]<br />
|legislature = [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Federal Parliament]]<br />
|upper_house = Chamber of Nobles<br />
|lower_house = Chamber of Representatives<br />
|sovereignty_type = {{wp|Sovereign state|Formation}}<br />
|established_event1 = Consolidation<br />
|established_date1 = 982<br />
|established_event2 = Lebøvenland Instrument of Accession<br />
|established_date2 = 1765<br />
|established_event3 = Current constitution<br />
|established_date3 = 1833<br />
|area_rank = <br />
|area_km2 = <br />
|area_sq_mi = <br />
|percent_water = <br />
|population_estimate = <br />
|population_estimate_rank = <br />
|population_estimate_year = <br />
|population_census = 96,258,934<br />
|population_census_year = 2020<br />
|population_density_km2 = <br />
|population_density_sq_mi =<br />
|population_density_rank = <br />
|GDP_PPP = 2.82 trillion NSD<br />
|GDP_PPP_year = 2020<br />
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = 29,300 NSD<br />
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = <br />
|GDP_nominal = <br />
|GDP_nominal_year = <br />
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = <br />
|HDI = 0.908 <br />
|HDI_rank = <br />
|HDI_year = 2018<br />
|HDI_category = <br />
|Gini = 24.7<br />
|Gini_year = 2018<br />
|Gini_category = <br />
|currency = veld<br />
|currency_code = <br />
|country_code = <br />
|time_zone = <br />
|utc_offset = <br />
|time_zone_DST =<br />
|utc_offset_DST =<br />
|drives_on = right<br />
|cctld = .del<br />
|calling_code = 245<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Delkora''' ({{wp|Danish language|Delkoran}}: ''Delkore''), officially the '''Kingdom of Delkora''' (Delkoran: ''Kongeriget Delkore''), is a federal constitutional monarchy located in northeastern Eracura in [[Tyran]]. Delkora is a {{wp|federal monarchy}} comprised of seven constituent states. The country is bordered by [[Acrea]] in the west, and [[Meᵹelan|Megelan]] and [[Delliria]] to the south. Its capital and largest city is [[Norenstal]]. Delkora enjoys one of the highest standards of living in Tyran due to an extensive welfare state and steady economic growth. It consistently scores high on international rankings of civil and political rights. <br />
<br />
Delkora is a member of the [[Organization of Tyrannic Nations]], the [[Common Sphere]], and an observer state of the [[Commonwealth of Sovereign Nations]]. It is generally regarded as a {{wp|middle power}} with significant influence in Eracura. The Kingdom has considerable {{wp|soft power}} derived from its strong economy and its reputation as a world leader in human rights and democratic governance. <br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The word ''Delkore'' is derived from Old East Norse ''Deltskove'', meaning roughly "Shared Forests", a term early Dane inhabitants of present-day northern Delkora used to refer to the dense forestland of the Grymvar Mountains. Throughout the 4th and 5th Centuries, the term ''Delkoren'', translating to "Delkorans", or "People of the Shared Forests", came to be adopted as a term to describe the Norse inhabitants of northeastern Eracura.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Prehistory===<br />
Evidence of the first human settlement appears in Delkora around 12,000 BCE in the form of wooden tools originating from the Trønstad Culture, a hunting-fishing society which occupied much of coastal Delkora. Around 2,500 BCE, the Vassens, an agrarian society originating from Vassengård, began moving northward and eventually came to absorb the Trønstads. <br />
<br />
Beginning around 750 BCE, the Vassens came to be assimilated by Dane tribes migrating east from present-day Acrea, who settled in the northern coastal regions of Delkora and expanded southward over the next several centuries. In the period between the 1st and 3rd centuries CE, dozens of {{wp|petty kingdom}}s emerged and competed with each other for territory. <br />
<br />
===Viking Era and consolidation===<br />
[[File:Battle of Stamford Bridge, full.png|300px|thumb|right|13th century depiction of a Delkoran viking raid]]<br />
The Delkoran Viking Era began in the late 8th century when the largest and most influential of the petty kingdoms began seeking land, trade, and resources from abroad, launching expeditions that targeted various regions throughout eastern Tyran. <br />
<br />
The continued accumulation of wealth and power by the largest petty kingdoms initiated a process of consolidation in Delkora, as smaller kingdoms and fiefdoms were absorbed into the larger ones through conquest or succession. This process culminated in 982 when King Asmund the Grey of Cybria succeeded to the thrones of Førelskov and Banderhus, and subsequently declared himself ''King of the Delkorans''. As king, Asmund ruled over most of the territory of modern-day Delkora, and is regarded as the first Delkoran monarch.<br />
<br />
Even after the establishment of the Delkoran Kingdom, the country remained politically fractured, as the monarch had to share power with regional ''jarls'', who maintained large personal armies and whose backing the monarch needed to remain in power. Up until the 12th century, it was common for unpopular monarchs to be ousted by the jarls. <br />
<br />
Beginning in the 11th Century, Delkora emerged as a major economic power as a result of its control of valuable trade routes. The wealth generated from this trade was mostly concentrated in the large cities along the Kingdom's northern coast, while its southernmost regions, generally isolated from the major trading routes, profited far less. Between 1176 and 1382, resentment between the north and south led to a series of brief conflicts between the personal armies of the northern and southern jarls. <br />
<br />
In an effort to put an end to these costly skirmishes, King Haldor III summoned a conference in the city of Aberald in 1385 where they negotiated the Peace of Aberald. Under the Peace, the jarls agreed to surrender their personal armies to the King in exchange for the freedom to govern their states as they wished, thereby laying the foundation for a federal system of government. The Peace also established the Jarl Council, a forerunner to the Chamber of Nobles, which had the dual purpose of proposing laws to the king and enabling the states to peacefully resolve their disputes.<br />
<br />
===Renaissance=== <br />
The period of relative calm brought about by the Peace of Aberald enabled a period of academic and artistic development in Delkoran society that marked the beginning of its renaissance period. During this time, major advances were made in the fields of astronomy, physics, and chemistry by Delkoran scholars. Prosperous northern cities such as Abenvard, Darzenbrom, Tybenhoth, and Gothendral became the centers of the Renaissance, where scholars at universities wrote prolifically and exchanged ideas. <br />
<br />
The dissemination of their ideas was aided by the advent of metal movable type in the mid-15th Century, as well as increasing rates of literacy. In 1632, Arthur Gustavsen, a Vallyar scholar who had traveled extensively through [[Tyran]], published the ''Encyclopedia Tyranica'', the most comprehensive encyclopedia of Tyrannian history up to that time. <br />
<br />
The reign of Queen Astrid IV (1552-1586) proved to be despotic and violent. As queen, Astrid greatly strengthened the power and influence of the Vallyar Order and targeted any who questioned it. She led a series of purges against monotheist missionaries in Delkora that, by some estimates, killed over 20,000 people.<br />
<br />
===Early modern period===<br />
Astrid's successors, Boromir II and Gretta I, oversaw much of Delkora's early modern period, which saw a trend toward centralization of the Delkoran state. During this time, radical political theorists wrote prolifically in the Kingdom's thriving universities. Major scholars of the era included Halvar Bertram, noted for his writings on ethics and philosophy, Danrik Gammelgaard, famous for his works on economics, and Hans Eliasen, whose writings about human nature and governance would have a significant influence on the development of parliamentary government in the aftermath of Delkoran Civil war. <br />
<br />
In 1765, Lebøvenland joined the Kingdom as a constituent state following adoption of the Lebøvenland Instrument of Accession.<br />
<br />
===Civil war and parliamentary government===<br />
{{main|Delkoran Civil War}}<br />
In 1825, King Vallgaar III, fearing that the peasantry was becoming radicalized against his reign by the spread of liberal political ideas, ordered the jarls to break up peasant communes in the countryside and convert their land into private property. The jarls, believing this to be a violation of the Peace of Aberald, refused. In retaliation, Vallgaar undertook a bloody campaign to disband the communes, prompting a widespread peasant uprising and leading the jarls to begin rebuilding their former armies in an effort to oust him. <br />
<br />
The resulting civil war dragged on for four long years, with the tide eventually turning against Vallgaar when the peasant militias and jarls formed an alliance and, after a string of key victories, closed in on Norenstal and eventually captured the King in 1832. Vallgaar was forced to abdicate and later sentenced to death by guillotine. <br />
<br />
Although the jarls and the peasantry had been united in their opposition to Vallgaar, the Constitutional Convention of 1833 quickly highlighted the divergent interests of the two factions. The jarls had only sought to oust Vallgaar and replace him; they had no desire to pursue fundamental political or social change. Peasant delegates at the convention, meanwhile, demanded the abolition of the monarchy and aristocracy, as well as a redistribution of land. <br />
<br />
Lord Telberath, fearing the country would descend into a second civil war, sought to negotiate a compromise that would be suitable to both sides. Under the Constitution that was eventually ratified, the national monarchy and aristocracy were retained, but stripped of their political power and relegated to a largely ceremonial status. Power was transferred to a bicameral Parliament to be composed of a Chamber of Representatives that would represent the people, and a Chamber of Nobles that would represent the jarls. <br />
<br />
Shortly after the ratification of the Constitution, Parliament began searching for candidates for the national monarchy, eventually settling on Lord Aksel of Tordenhelm, a distant relative of the by then extinct House of Gryngaard-Sorenzborg. A nationwide referendum was held to test Aksel's support, and after winning the approval of a large majority of the population, Aksel was coronated as King Aksel II. National elections were subsequently held for the Chamber of Representatives, and [[Edvard af Telberath]] became the first chancellor of Delkora.<br />
<br />
===Reform=== <br />
Even with the adoption of parliamentary government, vestiges of the old aristocratic order persisted throughout the 1800's. While the new Constitution had stripped the national monarchy of its political power, the jarls of Delkora's seven states had been permitted to continue ruling as essentially absolute monarchs, and often abused their power, sparking calls for reform. The first wave of reform started in the 1870's as urban industrial workers throughout the Kingdom began to organize and demand higher wages and improved working conditions. The United Worker's Congress of Delkora (UWKD) was formed in 1872 to organize mass strikes and lobby lawmakers. <br />
<br />
Fearing the growing power of the UWCD and other labor organizations, the jarls of Førelskov, Vassengård, and Norvia banned them by decree and initiated a violent campaign to disband them. Tensions culminated in 1875 with the Thaldren Massacre, in which police opened fire on striking steel workers, resulting in dozens of casualties and sparking riots throughout the Kingdom. [[National Labor]] was formed under the auspices of the UKDW and began running candidates for the Federal Parliament, coming to power in a coalition government with the Liberal Party in 1880. <br />
<br />
Upon taking office, Chancellor Magnus Brom went about drafting an amendment to the Constitution that would strip the jarls of their political power. The amendment passed by a large margin in the Chamber of Representatives and was approved by a similarly large majority of the Chamber of Nobles, whose members feared the outbreak of another civil war and voted for the amendment in spite of threats from the jarls. Nonetheless, the jarls of Førelskov, Vassengård, and Norvia remained defiant, continuing to rule by decree. In response, Brom sent troops into these states and arrested the jarls, forcing them to abdicate. By 1885, all seven states had adopted parliamentary democratic governments.<br />
<br />
===Economic depression===<br />
The period between 1940 and 1959 was characterized by a massive transfer of wealth to the upper classes. Upon taking office in 1940, the Conservative government of [[Veidnar Albendor]] went about slashing tax rates, with the largest decreases applied to corporations and the wealthy. Although initially popular with the public, the tax cuts resulted in increasingly large budget deficits between 1940 and 1945, prompting the government to implement unpopular cuts to social security and pension spending. <br />
<br />
During this period, the Albendor government also implemented a sweeping deregulation agenda that virtually ended the enforcement of competition law, resulting in the largest corporations and banks gaining increasingly greater influence over the economy. As part of the deregulation agenda, the federal minimum wage was eliminated, resulting in lower wages for workers across nearly every sector of the economy which, when combined with increasing prices as a result of monopolization, led to a sharp spike in the poverty rate and a decrease in aggregate demand. By the early 1950's, the economy had entered a recession, which eventually escalated into a depression in the wake of the 1953 Banking Crisis.<br />
<br />
With unemployment hitting 17% by the fall of 1954, the Albendor government took quick action to prevent the imminent bankruptcy of three of the country's largest employers, Halmodryn Steel, Drommler Automotive, and Elderik-Sonderheim. The bailout package passed by Parliament that year succeeded in keeping the companies in business, but angered the labor movement, who believed the companies had been bailed out on the backs of workers that continued to be laid off and faced poverty wages. <br />
<br />
Facing growing unpopularity in Parliament, Albendor announced his intention to step down as chancellor ahead of the 1956 federal election. [[Hjalmar Madsen]] subsequently succeeded Albendor after the Conservative-Agrarian-Moderate coalition maintained a slim majority. The following year, unemployment reached its peak of 25%, contributing to the increasing radicalization of labor union leadership. Believing that the crisis caused by the depression was optimal for sparking a revolution, radicals in the labor movement began organizing mass cross-industry strikes intended to shut down the economy.<br />
<br />
===Social unrest and the New Kingdom program===<br />
[[File:Fristadstoget, E-tuna.JPG|300px|thumb|right|General strike in Halmodryn, 1959]]<br />
By 1957, civil unrest had spread throughout much of the country as mass strikes virtually paralyzed the economy. In the major cities, large scale protests quickly turned violent when police attempted to disperse them, resulting in rioting in the cities of Norenstal, Gothendral, Abenvard, and Tordenhelm. University campuses proved to be centers of the growing dissident movement as students staged mass walkouts and disruptions.<br />
<br />
Beginning in 1958, the [[Labor Underground]] movement launched a campaign of targeted guerrilla warfare against government and corporate targets that included car bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, and vigilantism.<br />
<br />
As violence spread throughout the cities, Chancellor Madsen declared a national emergency in 1958, arresting thousands of agitators and deploying troops to keep the peace. The following year, he was assassinated by a member of the Labor Underground after an event in Grafholmen. His successor, Thalbius Sörbengaard, proved to be an ineffective leader who was unable to calm the situation and ultimately lost a confidence vote just months after taking office. In the ensuing election, [[National Labor]] won a landslide victory, gaining a rare single-party majority.<br />
<br />
Upon taking office, Chancellor [[Mette Elvensar]] sought to implement National Labor’s [[New Kingdom]] program, a series of wide-ranging reforms that aimed to restructure the Delkoran economy and begin the transition to public and worker ownership of the means of production. Elvensar's successor, [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]], who served as chancellor from 1967 to 1983, continued the implementation of the New Kingdom program, and successfully passed the Economic Rights Amendment of 1976, which embedded many of the reforms into the federal constitution. <br />
<br />
The New Kingdom proved to be highly popular with the working class and trade unions, resulting in National Labor staying in power throughout the 1970's, in coalition with the Liberal Party after 1975. The coalition lost its plurality in the 1983 federal election, leading to a coalition of the Conservative and Agrarian Parties led by [[Lars af Vellarand]] coming to power on a platform of fiscal and social conservatism.<br />
<br />
===1983-present===<br />
The Conservative Party and the Agrarians would remain in power throughout the 1980's and into the first half of the 1990's. Led by Vellarand, the coalition embarked on a program of economic austerity in an effort to reduce the deficit, in addition to pursuing a program of devolution of power to state governments. Vellarand's austerity policies proved to be highly unpopular with the public, although his personal popularity secured his government another term in 1987. Although Vellarand’s coalition had campaigned on reversing the New Kingdom programs, his government had little success, often stymied by the Economic Rights Amendment, and never able to attain a large enough majority in Parliament to repeal it.<br />
<br />
In 1990, Vellarand's mounting health issues prompted him to announce that he would not seek another term as chancellor. [[Ulrik Andersen]] was subsequently elected party leader and became chancellor in 1991 after the Conservative-Agrarian coalition retained a slim majority. Andersen's government was ultimately ousted in 1994 by a vote of no confidence following his indictment on electoral fraud and bribery charges related to the 1991 election. In the ensuing election, National Labor, led by [[Emma Jørgensen]], saw a resurgence of support, and was returned to power in a coalition government with the Liberal Party. The Jørgensen government cut back on military spending and expanded welfare services, stabilizing the economy.<br />
<br />
The 2002 Elections saw [[Kol Vossgaard]] become the country's first Green Party chancellor. During his term, Vossgaard pushed through strict regulations that limited the amount of pollution output allowed by factories and prevented industrial expansion into wilderness areas. These reforms were popular, but the Greens nonetheless lost several seats in the 2006 elections due to poor economic performance. The Conservatives, led by [[Harald Møller]], forged a coalition government with the Agrarian Party.<br />
<br />
In 2012, members of Black Covenant, a far-right Delkoran nationalist group, detonated a bomb inside the Svalbörden Subway Station in downtown Norenstal, killing 57 people. The Møller government responded by passing the National Security Act of 2012, a controversial piece of legislation that greatly expanded the ability of the national government to spy on Delkoran citizens. The government's popularity remained high until 2014, when a severe recession hit, ultimately resulting in the Møller government being ousted in the federal election that year. The Liberals gained dozens of seats, becoming the largest party in Parliament. Adric Azengaard, their leader, became chancellor after negotiating the Kingdom's first "traffic light" coalition government with National Labor and the Greens.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[File:Absolute mer de glace 01.JPG|thumb|200px|Grymvar National Park in Cybria]]<br />
[[File:Frankfurter Altstadt mit Skyline 2012-04.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Gothendral skyline]]<br />
[[File:2018 - Nyhavn on sunset.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Staldrø Municipality in Cybria]]<br />
Located in northeastern Eracura, Delkora borders [[Acrea]] to the west, as well as [[Meᵹelan|Megelan]] and [[Delliria]] to the south. The topography of the Kingdom varies considerably from region to region. The southern states of Banderhus, Vassengård, and Norvia are heavily agrarian and home to most of the Kingdom's arable land. With the exception of the large cities of Izenhoth, Tordenhelm, and Grafholmen, these states are only sparsely populated.<br />
<br />
===Climate===<br />
Most of Delkora has a {{wp|temperate climate}} characterized by mild winters and cool summers, while much of insular Delkora and the far northern coastal areas have a {{wp|subarctic climate}}. In the northern regions, there are relatively large variations in seasonal sunlight.<br />
<br />
===Biodiversity=== <br />
Delkoran ecosystems are characterized by a high degree of biodiversity, with approximately 175,000 known species and an estimated 23,000 that have yet to be described. An extensive body of federal environmental law exists to ensure the preservation of existing species and ecosystems. Strict regulations govern hunting and fishing quotas, and {{wp|whaling}} has been illegal in Delkora's exclusive economic zone since 1962. The Ministry of Environment maintains an extensive list of endangered species, and has developed action plans to rebuild their populations. Strict penalties exist for the unlawful killing of species on this list. <br />
<br />
More recently, Parliament has passed laws regulating gene pools and the distribution of {{wp|genetically modified organisms}}. Forest biomes are protected by a system of national parks and nature preserves, and {{wp|slash-and-burn}} agriculture is prohibited. Forestry laws require replanting at replacement level for all felling operations.<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
{{main|Demographics of Delkora}}<br />
===Population===<br />
{{Historical populations<br />
|footnote =<br />
|shading = off<br />
|1500|10,950,000<br />
|1600|12,810,500<br />
|1700|15,925,600<br />
|1750|18,745,000<br />
|1800|28,975,500<br />
|1825|32,150,400<br />
|1850|37,320,800<br />
|1860|45,275,350<br />
|1870|48,762,591<br />
|1880|51,203,510<br />
|1890|55,642,110<br />
|1900|57,473,992<br />
|1910|61,829,463<br />
|1920|67,602,587<br />
|1930|72,588,902<br />
|1940|78,201,399<br />
|1950|80,650,439<br />
|1960|81,304,587<br />
|1970|84,721,505<br />
|1980|86,010,439<br />
|1990|87,191,375<br />
|2000|89,482,726<br />
|2010|93,151,786<br />
|2020|96,258,934<br />
}}<br />
Following its industrialization in the late 1700's, and the ensuing rise in living standards, Delkora's population began to increase dramatically. Birthrates reached a peak in the 1920's, and started to slowly decline thereafter. Since the immigration reforms of Chancellor Mette Elvensar in the 1960's, the Kingdom has experienced several major waves of immigration from Tyran and abroad. Accordingly, most population growth since 1975 has been driven by immigration. <br />
<br />
As of 2018, the national population was estimated at around 93 million, with a median age of 39 years old and a fertility rate of 1.87 children born per woman. A federal census is conducted every ten years to measure population change and collect demographic data. The next census is scheduled for 2020.<br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
{{wp|Danish language|Delkoran}} is the official language of the Kingdom at the federal level and is spoken by over 97% of the population. State and local governments may establish regional languages as they see fit. Languages recognized on a regional level include {{wp|Faroese language|Lebøvian}}, {{wp|German language|German}}, {{wp|Romansch language|Romansch}}, {{wp|Icelandic language|Icelandic}}, {{wp|Scots language|Scots}} and {{wp|Scandoromani language|Traveller Romani}}. Bilingualism is very common in Delkora.<br />
<br />
===Religion===<br />
{{main|Vallyar}}<br />
Since the early 1900's, Delkora has become increasingly secular. [[Vallyar]] is the official religion of the Kingdom, and 59% of the population are registered members of the Vallyar Order, although it is estimated that less than 20% regularly attend services. Approximately 34% of the population identify as atheist or agnostic, while 5% identify as Christian. The remaining 3% of the population follow some other faith. <br />
<br />
As the Delkoran folk religion, Vallyar has existed in various forms dating as far back as 2500 BCE. It is a {{wp|Polytheism|polytheistic}} faith which posits that a divine and impersonal force known as the Vallyar exists as the "soul" of the universe, from which a pantheon of subordinate deities originate. <br />
<br />
The religion has always lacked an evangelical character due to one of its fundamental tenants being an assumption that human knowledge is constantly evolving, and that other religions could therefore be as valid as Vallyar itself, or at least partially valid. Scholars of religion have noted the egalitarian character of the religion, which even in its earliest stages promoted a society based on gender equality where men and women had equal rights and responsibilities, as well as a rejection of strict hierarchies.<br />
<br />
Although the Delkoran state is officially religious, in practice the Vallyar Order, like the monarchy, now serves a mostly ceremonial role within the government, and has no influence on policy. Moreover, strong religious freedom protections enacted by the federal constitution and various pieces of legislation guarantee the rights of those who do not adhere to the faith. The {{wp|valknut}}, a Vallyar symbol, appears prominently on the Delkoran flag.<br />
<br />
===Ethnicity===<br />
76.8% of the population identifies as ethnic Delkoran, while 6.7% identify as another Eracuran ethnicity, with the largest subset of this group being other Nordic peoples and Goths, followed by Meᵹelanese and Dellirians. Those identifying as a Sidurian ethnicity comprise 14.9% of the population, with the largest subset of this group being Miranians, followed by Mubatans and Quenminese. Lastly, about 1.6% of people identify as {{wp|Travellers}}, a traditionally {{wp|itinerant}} group originating from southern Siduri.<br />
<br />
===Largest cities===<br />
{{Largest cities in Delkora}}<br />
<br />
==Politics and Government==<br />
===Monarchy===<br />
{{main|Monarchy of Delkora}}<br />
[[File:Fürst Hans-Adam II. von und zu Liechtenstein (cropped).jpg|200px|thumb|right|King Haldor VII]]<br />
The Delkoran monarch is a constitutional monarch who holds a largely ceremonial role that is constrained by the federal constitution. The current king, Haldor VII, is a member of the House of Valdenharm, a cadet branch of the now extinct House of Gryngaard-Sorenzborg. Succession to the throne is based on absolute primogeniture, whereby the throne passes to the monarch's eldest child regardless of gender. The current heir apparent to the throne is Crown Princess Ingrid, the first born daughter of Haldor VII and Queen Elsa.<br />
<br />
===Parliament===<br />
{{main|Delkoran Federal Parliament}}<br />
[[File:The swedish parliament - panoramio.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Hyengaard Palace, seat of the Federal Parliament]]<br />
The Delkoran Federal Parliament is a bicameral body composed of the popularly-elected Chamber of Representatives and the indirectly-elected Chamber of Nobles. Members of the Chamber of Representatives are elected from multi-member districts through party list proportional representation. The Chamber of Nobles, the upper house of Parliament, is composed of 175 peers appointed by the jarls of the Kingdom's seven states on the advice of their state governments, as well as an additional 25 appointed by the national monarch on the advice of the federal Cabinet. All legislation must originate in the Chamber of Representatives. It is then sent to the Chamber of Nobles for review, where amendments can be proposed, although they must be approved by the Chamber of Representatives. Because the Chamber of Nobles only has the right to be consulted on legislation and not a right to veto, it can only delay bills, not defeat them. Constitutional amendments and treaties, however, require a 2/3 majority in both chambers.<br />
<br />
The [[Cabinet of Delkora|cabinet]], chaired by the [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]], constitutes the government of the day, and is responsible to the Chamber of Representatives. After an election, the Monarch gives an exploratory mandate to the leader of the largest party to begin forming a government. After a government has been formed, its Chancellor candidate is then subject to an investiture vote, after which the Monarch is constitutionally obligated to appoint them. The Chancellor then appoints the other ministers of the Cabinet. Although executive power is formally exercised by the Monarch, since the ratification of the 1833 Constitution, he or she acts solely on the advice of the Cabinet.<br />
<br />
===Constituent states===<br />
{{main|States of Delkora|Federalism in Delkora}}<br />
Delkora is a federal monarchy consisting of seven states that are each organized as constitutional monarchies with their own heads of state. In each state, a hereditary jarl serves as head of state and formally appoints a first minister from the state parliament, who serves as head of government. Like the national monarch, however, the jarls now serve largely ceremonial roles. Delkora's state parliaments are all unicameral and use some variation of proportional representation. They have considerable power under the Delkoran Constitution, with the authority to pass laws on any subject matter not reserved to the federal government.<br />
<br />
===Judicial System and Law Enforcement===<br />
{{main|Judiciary of Delkora|Law of Delkora|Law enforcement in Delkora}}<br />
[[File:Female police officer of Denmark.jpg|300px|thumb|right|A Førelskov State Police officer in Jaerevik]]<br />
Delkora has a {{wp|Civil law (legal system)|civil law}} legal system. The court system consists of ordinary courts that deal with criminal and private law, and administrative courts. Most cases involving criminal or civil law originate in one of 154 district courts, rulings from which can be appealed to a Superior Court of Justice in each state, and finally the [[Federal Court of Justice (Delkora)|Federal Court of Justice]]. A similar hierarchy exists with respect to administrative courts, with the highest court in this hierarchy being the [[Federal Administrative Court of Delkora|Federal Administrative Court]]. The highest court in the country is the [[Federal Constitutional Court of Delkora|Federal Constitutional Court]], which ensures that all laws and regulations are consistent with the Delkoran Constitution. Additionally, each state has its own constitutional court, which is responsible for adjudicating the meaning of its state constitution. <br />
<br />
Routine law enforcement in the Kingdom takes place primarily at the state level. Each of the country's seven states maintains a police force that is responsible for maintaining the peace and enforcing laws. The [[Federal Police (Delkora)|Federal Police]] enforces federal criminal law and helps to assist and coordinate the activities of the state police agencies. The Federal Border Guard patrols the country's borders and administers border crossings. Prospective police officers undergo two years of training that includes not just physical conditioning and weapons training, but also cultural training and exhaustive mental health and emotional screening.<br />
<br />
===Foreign Relations and Military===<br />
{{main|Foreign relations of Delkora|Royal Delkoran Armed Forces}}<br />
[[File:160608-N-PF515- 001 (26946523723).jpg|300px|thumb|right|Delkoran Army soldiers conducting a training exercise]]<br />
Delkora is a member of the [[Organization of Tyrannic Nations]], the [[Common Sphere]], and is an observer state of the [[Commonwealth of Sovereign Nations]]. Its closest bilateral relations are with other [[Common Sphere]] member states. [[Gylias-Delkora relations|Relations]] with [[Gylias]] have been particularly strong on account of good trade relations and similar cultural values. <br />
<br />
The [[Royal Delkoran Armed Forces]] is composed of four branches including the Royal Army, Navy, Air Force, and Home Guard. The Home Guard is a separate force administered by the states that is primarily responsible for defending strategic infrastructure and providing a rapid response in the event of an invasion. There is a strict separation between the military and civil police forces, with soldiers prohibited from participating in routine law enforcement operations except when necessary during times of civil unrest.<br />
<br />
==Education==<br />
{{main|Education in Delkora}}<br />
The Kingdom guarantees free education at all levels funded primarily through state and local taxation. Throughout the 1950's and 60's, all states in the country came to adopt variations of the Laerenger Model developed by educational psychologist Lara Laerenger. Key features of this model include optional pre-school from age 3 to 6; a highly structured primary education that lasts from age 6 to 12 which focuses on the development of literacy, reasoning ability, and social skills; a less structured lower secondary education with an emphasis on identifying personal strengths and interests from age 12 to 16; and an optional upper secondary education from age 16 to 18 in which students can opt for vocational training or a university preparation curriculum in academy. <br />
<br />
Tertiary education in the country is offered by a range of universities and colleges. Most of these are operated by state governments, although some are run by the federal government. As of 2018, there were 84 universities in Delkora, 24 colleges of applied science, 16 colleges of business, and 7 colleges of art. Bachelors degree programs typically require 3 years of study, masters 2-3, and doctoral degrees 3-4. The Master of Laws (M.L.) degree is required to become a practicing lawyer, in addition to passing the Federal Bar Exam, and requires 4 years of study beyond the bachelor's level. The Doctor of Laws (D.L.) is a PhD program available after completion of the M.L. for those wishing to specialize in a particular area of law or who wish to pursue a career in academics, and requires an additional 3 years of study. Those wishing to become physicians must attain a five year Doctor of Medicine (D.M.) degree after completion of their bachelor's work. The D.M. degree is divided into two years of training in the basic sciences, followed by three years of clinical work. After graduation, candidates must pass the Federal Medical Licensure Test and complete two years of residency. Specialized medical degrees are available beyond the D.M. degree for those wishing to specialize in a particular field of medicine such as cardiology or psychiatry, and require an additional two to three years of study. <br />
<br />
Education policy is highly decentralized. Each state sets its own standards, although the actual administration of schools is mostly left to municipal governments. Since the 1960's, the federal government has sought to impose a uniform set of national standards throughout the country, while leaving the states wide discretion in how they implement the standards. Education is treated as a public good, and while a handful of private schools exist, they are subject to extensive regulation and are barred from receiving public funds. Homeschooling has been banned in every state since 1993.<br />
<br />
==Healthcare==<br />
{{main|Healthcare in Delkora}}<br />
Delkora has a {{wp|single-payer healthcare}} system funded primarily through state and local taxation that provides all medically-necessary and preventive care free at the point of use. The Ministry of Health oversees healthcare at the federal level, although in practice the system is highly decentralized, with most physicians in the Kingdom being employed by state and local governments, which also run most hospitals and clinics. Private health insurance does not exist. <br />
<br />
The country ranks high on most measures of public health, with low rates of child mortality, communicable disease, and premature death. Relative to other developed nations in Tyran, Delkora has low rates of obesity and heart disease. Treatment outcomes for diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's have steadily improved in recent decades due in large part to high levels of government funding for research and development of pharmaceuticals. Overall life expectancy in 2018 was 80.1 years for men and 80.4 years for women. The Delkoran health system has long been noted for its efficiency and high patient satisfaction ratings. In 2018, the average wait time to see a primary care physician was 3 days, while the average wait time to see a specialist was 28 days.<br />
<br />
==Economy==<br />
{{main|Economy of Delkora}}<br />
Delkora is a {{wp|post-industrial economy}}, with services accounting for 73% of GDP, industry 26%, and agriculture 1%. Since the New Kingdom Reforms of the 1960's and 70's, the Delkoran economy has been based on a model of {{wp|market socialism}}. It has one of the highest union densities in Tyran, with close to 87% of Delkoran workers registered as members of a labor union. The Kingdom is known for its large {{wp|worker cooperative|cooperative sector}}, which is the fourth largest in Tyran behind Gylias, Megelan, and Akashi. <br />
<br />
Delkora is also known for its expansive {{wp|welfare state}}, a major component of which is its {{wp|social dividend}} program, financed primarily by profits from publicly-owned stocks, land, and natural resources. <br />
<br />
The Delkoran income tax system is highly progressive, with the lowest rate set at 10%, while the highest is 95%. The corporate tax rate is similarly progressive, with a rate of 15% applied to most small businesses, while the largest corporations are taxed at 45%. A national VAT tax of 10% is also in place, with a lower rate of 5% applied to food, medicine, and clothing. State and local governments also levy taxes, with much of their revenues drawn from land and property taxes. Delkora has among the lowest levels of income inequality in Tyran.<br />
<br />
Major export industries in Delkora include information technology, pharmaceuticals, automobiles, shipbuilding, and steel. Imports include oil and natural gas, raw metals, and foodstuffs. Delkora's closest trading partners are the other members of the [[Common Sphere]].<br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
===Agrarian Tradition===<br />
Early Nordic inhabitants of the Delkoran countryside tended to organize themselves into small communes rather than individual farmsteads. Historians often credit the egalitarian culture of these communes as contributing to the development of a democratic political culture and preference for local governance. Although the communes declined as a major social institution during the Kingdom's industrialization in the 18th and 19th Centuries, their culture has endured in certain rural areas of the country.<br />
<br />
Beginning with the counterculture movements of the 1960's and 70's, traditional agrarian culture was co-opted by radical groups pushing for wide-ranging social reforms, who pointed to the historical influence of the communes as proof that the egalitarian proposals they espoused were simply a return to the country's roots. In the present day, a conservative strain of this communes culture that predominates in the southern states forms the basis of political support for the country's centre-right Agrarian Party, while the more progressive commune culture of Cybria forms the basis of support for the country's Green Party, which is considerably more influential in national politics than its counterparts in other Tyrannian nations.<br />
<br />
===Progressivism===<br />
Delkora is widely seen as a progressive country, both in terms of government policy and the attitudes of its citizens. The country consistently ranks near the top of Tyrannian nations on measures of political and civil rights, worker's rights, civil liberties, and protection of minority rights. Extreme poverty and chronic homelessness have virtually been eliminated due to large-scale income redistribution. Expansive civil rights laws protect individuals from both public and private sector discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin, genetic information, physical appearance, sex, gender identity, sexuality, age, and disability. <br />
<br />
These policies, combined with robust affirmative action laws, have contributed to strong social cohesion. Political institutions are known for being transparent and responsive, and the country has one of the lowest rates of corruption in the world. <br />
<br />
===Cinema and Television===<br />
{{main|Cinema of Delkora|Television in Delkora}}<br />
[[File:Copenhagen Kongens Nytorv.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Kongens Teater in Abenvard]]<br />
Since the early 1930's, Delkora has been home to a thriving cinema industry, with early classics including ''Gothendral Nætter'' (1932) and ''Poets of the Revolution'' (1935). The 1950's saw the production of a number of influential documentaries critical of existing political structures and figures, helping to contribute to growing public dissatisfaction with decades of conservative governance. Films of this era included ''Aristokraterne'' (1956), which helped bring public awareness to the many institutional privileges still enjoyed by members of the aristocracy, as well as ''Fjødonor'' (1958), which detailed the plight of Delkoran steel workers in the city of Fjødonor. <br />
<br />
Major films in recent years have included ''Halvendahl'' (2016), an espionage thriller about a rogue ISD agent, and ''The Gravakr Event'' (2018), a science fiction horror film centered on a small town in northern Vassengård where a series of paranormal events occur after a rare meteor shower.<br />
<br />
Founded in 1932, the publicly-owned [[Delkoran Broadcasting Service]] had a virtual monopoly on television and radio broadcasts in the country until sweeping deregulation of the media industry in the 1980's resulted in a rapid expansion in the number of private media companies. Popular television series in recent years have included the political thriller ''King-in-Council'', about an MP who conspires to become chancellor through backstabbing and intrigue, and ''The Pact'', a dark comedy about a teenage couple who run away from home and embark on a series of bank robberies throughout the country. ''Boromir-12'' is a long-running science fiction series about a group of refugees who seek out a new planet after Earth is rendered uninhabitable by centuries of unmitigated climate change. <br />
<br />
Recent sitcoms have included ''Teachable Moment'', which follows the antics of a group of exceptionally smart yet lazy college students at Abenvard University, as well as ''Precinct 8'', about a team of detectives in the Norenstal Police Service. Beginning in the 1960's, political satire shows started to gain in popularity, and continue to receive high ratings. The most well-known show in this genre is the left-leaning ''[[The Havomar Report]]'', which has aired consistently since 1974 and has received critical acclaim for not only satirizing contemporary political figures and events, but also educating viewers and helping to bring public awareness to obscure issues.<br />
<br />
===Literature===<br />
{{main|Literature of Delkora}}<br />
The earliest Delkoran literature consists of the Seven Sagas, a collection of thousands of short stories, anecdotes, and epic poems started by early Dane tribes around 2,500 BCE, which forms the basis of Vallyar, the Delkoran folk religion. Originally passed down orally, an effort to compile the Sagas into a single piece of text was undertaken during the reign of King Asmund I. Somewhat unique among world religions, the Seven Sagas is considered to be an ongoing piece of work, and each new generation contributes verses to it by way of "findings" issued by the Vallyar Order. In this way, the Sagas provide not just a summary of Delkoran folklore and religious principles, but also a glimpse into the evolution of Delkoran society.<br />
<br />
The Delkoran renaissance saw an outpouring of new literature throughout the 16th Century as Delkoran playwrights and poets produced works that became famous throughout Eracura. The Delkoran Romantic period of literature began in the 1820's as a movement that promoted an idealized vision of the country's traditional culture and past. Famous authors of this period included Bertel Juhl and Haergar Vorengaard. The 1920's was a prolific period for Delkoran playwrights, who produced a number of notable works such as ''Alverne af Hymir'' (1923) by Anna af Gastenholt and ''The Death of Alice'' (1927) by Frederik Bartholmen. The 1930's marked the start of the ''Folkelitteratur'' movement, which broke with traditional literary conventions perceived to be aristocratic or classist. Works of this school emphasized realistic, often mundane characters and plots, as well as the use of low diction.<br />
<br />
As was the case with cinema at the time, Delkoran literature of the 1950's was notable for its critical character. The most famous works of this period were pieces of dystopian political fiction such as Karl Høj's ''Ild Sang'' (1952) and Agetha Espersen's ''Broken Glass'' (1957). The 1950's also saw the rise of anarchist literature produced by writers such as Eva Danielsen. The 1970's was the golden era for Delkoran science fiction, featuring writers such as Natasja Troelsen and Hal Hansen, who were known for their speculative fiction and whose influence can still be seen in recent works of literature in the genre. The early 1980's marked the beginning of Delkoran literature's postmodern period, which continues to the present day, and is best represented by authors such as Lora Gaerdesen and Ærindel Baldengaard, whose works make frequent use of unreliable narrator, stream of consciousness, and metafiction.<br />
<br />
===Cuisine===<br />
Delkoran cuisine has been heavily influenced by its history as a seafaring nation. Salmon, tilapia, crab, and cod are common entrees, often paired with citrus fruit and bread. Red meats are consumed far less often, with the exception of lamb. A glass of wine or a pint of beer is often served with dinner. Coffee is a popular beverage that is typically served after a meal. Delkorans typically consume large breakfasts and small dinners, while eating smaller snacks throughout the day. <br />
<br />
===Holidays===<br />
There are a total of ten holidays observed by the federal government. By law, all non-essential government employees have these days off, as well as most private sector employees. <br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Holiday !! Date !! Reason for Celebration<br />
|-<br />
| New Year's Day || 1 January || Start of a new year<br />
|-<br />
| Ostara || 3 April || Religious celebration of the start of spring<br />
|-<br />
| Labor Day || 1 May || Celebration of workers<br />
|-<br />
| Midsummer || 25 June || Religious celebration of the summer solstice<br />
|-<br />
| Freysblot || 1 August || Religious celebration of the autumn harvest<br />
|-<br />
| Constitution Day || 25 October || Ratification of the current Delkoran Constitution<br />
|-<br />
| Vetrnætr || 31 October || Religious celebration of the start of winter<br />
|-<br />
| Yule || 25 December || Religious celebration of the winter solstice<br />
|-<br />
| New Year's Eve || 31 December || New Year's Eve<br />
|-<br />
| Election Day || Varies|| Federal, state, and local elections<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Transportation and Infrastructure==<br />
[[File:Roadworks Germany A9.jpg|300px|thumb|right|FR-2 in northern Cybria]]<br />
Construction of Delkora's national highway system, which connects all of the Kingdom's major cities and serves as a major conduit for the transportation of commercial goods, began in 1935 during the chancellorship of Sofia Westergaard. The national highway system is complemented by a comprehensive system of state and county roads. Since the 1990's several high-speed rail systems have been built throughout the country. <br />
<br />
Delkoran car manufacturers are known for producing fuel efficient vehicles, and under Delkoran law all fossil fuel-powered vehicles manufactured for sale in the Kingdom after 2010 have been required to get at least 40 highway miles per gallon and 35 city miles. Delkora has one of the highest rates of hybrid and electric car ownership in Tyran.<br />
<br />
==Energy==<br />
{{main|Energy in Delkora}}<br />
[[File:Bad marienberg1.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Wind farm in Darenholm Municipality, Banderhus]]<br />
During the Green-led government of [[Kol Vossgaard]] in the early 2000's, Delkora accelerated its transition away from dependence on fossil fuels and greatly expanded its renewable energy production. Delkora is a {{wp|carbon neutral}} country in which, as of 2019, {{wp|wind power}} accounts for 45% of the Kingdom's total energy output, {{wp|hydropower}} 21%, {{wp|solar energy}} 16%, {{wp|nuclear energy}} 5%, and oil and natural gas 13%. The country's last coal-fired powerplants were decommissioned in 1996, and legislation passed since then has banned coal extraction. Carbon emissions in Delkora are subject to {{wp|carbon tax|taxation}}.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Tyran]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Haldor_VII&diff=335520Haldor VII2021-04-12T18:19:27Z<p>Delkora: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox royalty<br />
| embed = <br />
| name = Haldor VII<br />
| title = King of the Delkorans<br />
| titletext = <br />
| more = <br />
| type = <br />
| image = Fürst Hans-Adam II. von und zu Liechtenstein (cropped).jpg<br />
| image_size = 200px<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
<br />
| succession = <br />
| moretext = <br />
| reign = 1974-present<br />
| reign-type = <br />
| coronation = 12 December 1974<br />
| cor-type = <br />
| predecessor = [[Charlotte III of Delkora|Charlotte III]]<br />
| pre-type = <br />
| successor = [[Ingrid, Crown Princess of Delkora|Ingrid]]<br />
| suc-type = Heir Apparent<br />
| regent = {{List collapsed|title=''See list''|1=[[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]]|2=[[Lars af Vellarand]]|3=[[Ulrik Andersen]]|4=[[Emma Jørgensen]]|5=[[Kol Vossgaard]]|6=[[Harald Møller]]|7=[[Adric Azengaard]]}}<br />
| reg-type = {{nowrap|[[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellors]]}}<br />
<br />
| succession1 = <br />
| moretext1 = <br />
| reign1 = <br />
| reign-type1 = <br />
| coronation1 = <br />
| cor-type1 = <br />
| predecessor1 = <br />
| pre-type1 = <br />
| successor1 = <br />
| suc-type1 = <br />
| regent1 = <br />
| reg-type1 = <br />
<br />
| succession2 = <br />
| moretext2 = <br />
| reign2 = <br />
| reign-type2 = <br />
| coronation2 = <br />
| cor-type2 = <br />
| predecessor2 = <br />
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| successor2 = <br />
| suc-type2 = <br />
| regent2 = <br />
| reg-type2 = <br />
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| succession3 = <br />
| moretext3 = <br />
| reign3 = <br />
| reign-type3 = <br />
| coronation3 = <br />
| cor-type3 = <br />
| predecessor3 = <br />
| pre-type3 = <br />
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| suc-type3 = <br />
| regent3 = <br />
| reg-type3 = <br />
<br />
<!-- succession4 to succession9 are also available --> <br />
<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1945|06|07|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = Baerendir, [[Cybria]], [[Delkora]] <br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| burial_place = <br />
| spouse = [[Elsa of Delkora|Queen Elsa]]<br />
| spouse-type = Consort<br />
| consort = <!-- yes or no --><br />
| issue = Crown Princess Ingrid<br>Princess Ellinor<br>Princess Astrid<br>Prince Valmar<br />
| issue-link = <br />
| issue-pipe = <br />
| issue-type = <br />
| full name = Haldor Isildur Edric Gunnar Valdenharm<br />
| era name = <br />
| era dates = <br />
| regnal name = <br />
| posthumous name= <br />
| temple name = <br />
| house = Valdenharm<br />
| house-type = <br />
| father = Heinrik<br />
| mother = Charlotte III <br />
<br />
| religion = Vallyar<br />
| occupation = <br />
| signature_type = <br />
| signature = <br />
<br />
| module = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Haldor VII''' (born 7 June 1945) is the King of the Delkorans, reigning since 12 December 1974. He is the son of Queen Charlotte III and King Consort Heinrik.<br />
<br />
==Youth and education==<br />
Haldor was born in 1945 to Queen Charlotte III and King Consort Heinrik at the royal family's summer retreat of Konjurhus in Baerendir, Cybria. In a break with tradition, his mother enrolled him in {{wp|state school}} in Norenstal rather than having him attend a prestigious private institution. This was part of her larger efforts to modernize the monarchy and increase public confidence in the institution. He was later accepted into Gothendral University, where he began studying political science and history. In 1962, while studying at Gothendral, Haldor met his future wife, Elsa Borgrensen, and the two later married in 1967. <br />
<br />
After graduating from university in 1965, he spent two years at the Royal Air Force Academy, followed by a year of active duty service in the Royal Air Force as a pilot. After completing his military service, Haldor returned to Gothendral University, obtaining a masters degree and later a PhD in political philosophy in 1976. <br />
<br />
Following the abdication of his mother in 1974 due to poor health, Haldor was coronated, ascending to the throne as King Haldor VII. <br />
<br />
==Reign== <br />
Haldor continued the modernizing reforms started by his mother. Like her, he had an informal personal style and sought to reduce the pageantry that had historically surrounded the Delkoran monarchy. Early on, he established himself as a down-to-earth monarch who frequently made unscheduled public appearances and would often agree to television interviews. Following the new precedent established by his mother, he enrolled his children in Norenstal's state schools. <br />
<br />
At the 1987 state opening of parliament, he broke somewhat with convention by explicitly calling on the Federal Parliament to do more to address the issue of climate change in his royal address, leading many Conservative MPs to accuse him of overstepping his role as a constitutional monarch, although he stopped short of calling for specific policies.<br />
<br />
Major events that have occurred during his reign have included the implementation of the final phases of the [[New Kingdom]] program under [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]], the [[neoliberal conspiracy]] riots and [[Siege of Gothendral]] in 1990–1991, the 2012 Norenstal Subway Bombings, the Nalayan Civil War, and the 2017 Arzell Crisis.<br />
<br />
==Titles==<br />
'''Full title:''' His Royal Majesty King Haldor VII, King of the Delkorans, Protector of the Realm, and Lord Grand Master of the Vallyar Order<br />
<br />
==Issue==<br />
Crown Princess Ingrid, Duchess of the Cybrians (b. 1974)<br>Princess Ellinor, Duchess of the Banderhus (b. 1979)<br>Princess Astrid, Duchess of the Vassens (b. 1982)<br>Prince Valmar, Duke of the Førelskovians (b. 1982)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Federal_Constitutional_Court_of_Delkora&diff=334916Federal Constitutional Court of Delkora2021-04-11T03:25:05Z<p>Delkora: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox high court<br />
|court_name = Federal Constitutional Court of Delkora<br />
|native_name= <br />
|image = Balanced scale of Justice.svg<br />
|imagesize = 100px<br />
|established= 1833<br />
|country = [[Delkora|Kingdom of Delkora]]<br />
|location = [[Norenstal]], Delkora<br />
|coordinates=<br />
|type = Nomination by the federal [[Cabinet of Delkora|Cabinet]] subject to approval from the [[Delkoran Federal Parliament]] <br />
|authority = [[Law of Delkora|Constitution of Delkora]]<br />
|terms = Mandatory retirement at 70 years of age<br />
|positions = 12<br />
|website = {{url|www.føderalforfatningsdomstol.del}}<br />
|chiefjudgetitle = President<br />
|chiefjudgename = [[Arya Raelenthur]]<br />
|termstart = 24 April 2007<br />
|chiefjudgetitle2 = <br />
|chiefjudgename2 = <br />
|termstart2 = <br />
|termend3 = <br />
|termend4 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Federal Constitutional Court of Delkora''' ({{wp|Danish language|Delkoran:}} ''Føderal Forfatningsdomstol'') is the highest court in the [[Delkora|Kingdom of Delkora]], responsible for interpreting the Delkoran Constitution and ensuring that laws are in compliance with it.<br />
<br />
==Composition==<br />
The Court is composed of 12 justices who are nominated by the [[Cabinet of Delkora|Cabinet]] and require the approval of a 2/3 majority of both chambers of the [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Federal Parliament]]. To be eligible to sit on the Court, a candidate must be at least 30 years old, have at least 10 years of legal experience, possess a law degree from an accredited university, and be currently licensed to practice law. Once sworn in, justices can only be removed from office for criminal convictions, professional misconduct, and other narrowly defined ethical violations. An effort to remove a justice requires a 2/3 majority of both chambers of Parliament.<br />
<br />
Justices are prohibited from engaging in public displays of partisanship and may not be affiliated with any political party or partisan organization.<br />
<br />
==Organization and function== <br />
The Federal Constitutional Court is presided over by a president and vice president elected from its ranks. The president presides over the Court's deliberations and oversees aspects of its administration such as budgetary and personnel matters, but otherwise possesses no special powers. In the event of the president being incapacitated or recusing themselves from a case, the vice president performs these duties.<br />
<br />
The Court sets its own caseload; at least 4 justices must vote to hear a case in order for it to proceed. In practice, most cases brought before the court for consideration are not heard, most often because justices determine that the constitutional issue at question has already been resolved or that the plaintiff does not have a judiciable case. <br />
<br />
It meets for three sessions throughout the year, the first being from 2 January to 2 March, the second being from 2 May to 2 July, and the third going from 2 September to 2 November. Under the Delkoran Constitution, the [[Monarchy of Delkora|monarch]], on the advice of the Cabinet, can call the Court into special session to expedite consideration of a particularly important case brought before it during a recess. <br />
<br />
==Role==<br />
The Court has the power to exercise {{wp|judicial review}} of all primary and secondary legislation at the federal, state, and local levels in Delkora to ensure its compliance with the Delkoran Constitution. Pursuant to this power, it can declare any act of government unconstitutional. Once declared unconstitutional, a regulation or piece of legislation immediately ceases to have legal force.<br />
<br />
The Court's scope is limited to federal constitutional questions; questions of federal ordinary and administrative law are handled by separate courts. Similarly, questions involving state law and constitutional matters are under the jurisdiction of a separate system of state courts. <br />
<br />
Matters subject to the Court's jurisdiction fall into three categories:<br />
<br />
*'''Violations of constitutional rights:''' The most common cases brought before the Court are accusations on the part of individuals or organizations that an act of government has violated a person's constitutional rights. <br />
*'''Vertical division of power:''' Cases involving disputes over whether a particular area is a federal or state competency. <br />
*'''Horizontal division of power:''' Cases involving disputes over which body of the federal government has authority in a particular area.<br />
*'''Abstract review:''' Any person can request that the Court provide an {{wp|advisory opinion}} on a particular matter to ascertain its constitutionality. The most common cases falling under this category are requests from the government or opposition to rule on the constitutionality of proposed legislation or regulations.<br />
<br />
==Notable rulings==<br />
*''[[Decision no. 43 of 1886]]'': Noble titles granted through letters patent issued by the states cannot be revoked by the federal government.<br />
*''[[Decision no. 361 of 1935]]'': The federal government can dismiss a state government that has willfully abrogated its duty to uphold federal law when doing so is necessary to preserve social order. <br />
*''[[Decision no. 257 of 1940]]'': It is not unconstitutional for a political party to expel members from electoral lists for voting against the party line, provided the expulsions are done in accordance with the party's internal rules and applicable law.<br />
*''[[Decision no. 129 of 1953]]'': The government cannot ban an organization solely on the basis of speech calling for a violent revolution, but must instead demonstrate that the group is actually engaged in, or conspiring to engage in, violence.<br />
*''[[Decision no. 384 of 1977]]'': Speech in a government context invoking a religious concept is unconstitutional unless, through customary usage, the speech has lost its original religious connotation.<br />
*''[[Decision no. 106 of 1984]]'': The government cannot enjoin a newspaper from publishing classified information.<br />
*''[[Decision no. 269 of 2010]]'': Laws banning {{wp|hate speech}} do not violate the right to freedom of expression. <br />
*''[[Decision no. 174 of 2013]]'': {{wp|Roving wiretap}}s are an unconstitutional violation of the right to privacy. <br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Law of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Delkoran_federal_election,_1959&diff=308547Delkoran federal election, 19592021-02-07T00:44:06Z<p>Delkora: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox election<br />
| election_name = Delkoran federal election, 1959<br />
| country = Delkora<br />
| flag_year = <br />
| flag_image = Flag of Delkora.png<br />
| type = Parliamentary<br />
| vote_type = Popular<br />
| ongoing = No<br />
| party_colour = <br />
| party_name = <br />
| alliance_name = <br />
| previous_election = Delkoran federal election, 1956<br />
| previous_year = 1956<br />
| outgoing_members = <br />
| election_date = 7 June 1959<br />
| elected_members = <br />
| next_election = Delkoran federal election, 1963<br />
| next_year = 1963<br />
| votes_for_election= <br />
| needed_votes = <br />
| seats_for_election= All 425 seats of the [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Chamber of Representatives]]<br />
| majority_seats = 213<br />
| opinion_polls = <br />
| registered = 58,923,446<br />
| turnout = 48,317,725 (82%)<br />
| votes_counted = <!-- Use ONE out of votes_counted, reporting or declared, do not include percentage (%) sign--><br />
| reporting = <!-- Use ONE out of votes_counted, reporting or declared, do not include percentage (%) sign--><br />
| declared = <!-- Use ONE out of votes_counted, reporting or declared, do not include percentage (%) sign--><br />
| last_update = <br />
| time_zone = <br />
| image_upright = <br />
<br />
<!-- person 1 --><br />
| image1 = [[File:Mme Barbara Castle, Ministre britannique du développement outre-mer.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour1 = FF0000<br />
| nominee1 =<br />
| candidate1 = <br />
| leader1 = [[Mette Elvensar]]<br />
| party1 = [[National Labor]]<br />
| alliance1 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since1 = 1948<br />
| leaders_seat1 = Cybria-Southwest<br />
| last_election1 = <br />
| seats_before1 = 110<br />
| seats_needed1 = <br />
| seats1 = 238<br />
| seats_after1 = <br />
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 133<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote1 = 27,057,621<br />
| percentage1 = 56%<br />
| swing1 = <br />
<br />
<!-- person 2 --><br />
| image2 = [[File:SofiaWestergaard.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour2 = FFFF00<br />
| nominee2 =<br />
| candidate2 = <br />
| leader2 = [[Sofia Westergaard]]<br />
| party2 = [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal]]<br />
| alliance2 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since2 = 1932<br />
| leaders_seat2 = Førelskov-Central<br />
| last_election2 = <br />
| seats_before2 = 86<br />
| seats_needed2 = <br />
| seats2 = 77<br />
| seats_after2 = <br />
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 9<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote2 = 8,213,513<br />
| percentage2 = 17%<br />
| swing2 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 3 --><br />
| image3 = [[File:Steingrímur Steinþórsson.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour3 = 3D428B<br />
| nominee3 =<br />
| candidate3 = <br />
| leader3 = [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]<br />
| party3 = [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]]<br />
| alliance3 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since3 = 1959<br />
| leaders_seat3 = Banderhus-Southeast<br />
| last_election3 = <br />
| seats_before3 = 123<br />
| seats_needed3 = <br />
| seats3 = 54<br />
| seats_after3 = <br />
| seat_change3 = {{decrease}} 69<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote3 = 5,795,423<br />
| percentage3 = 12%<br />
| swing3 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 4 --><br />
| image4 = [[File:Aksel Larsen c 1959.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour4 = A52A2A<br />
| nominee4 =<br />
| candidate4 = <br />
| leader4 = [[Einar Markussen]]<br />
| party4 = [[Communist Party of Delkora]]<br />
| alliance4 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since4 = 1952<br />
| leaders_seat4 = Norenstal-South<br />
| last_election4 = <br />
| seats_before4 = 14<br />
| seats_needed4 = <br />
| seats4 = 28<br />
| seats_after4 = <br />
| seat_change4 = {{increase}} 9<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote4 = 3,575,948<br />
| percentage4 = 7.39%<br />
| swing4 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 5 --><br />
| image5 = [[File:Hans hedtoft.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour5 = 9400D3<br />
| nominee5 =<br />
| candidate5 = <br />
| leader5 = [[Otto Elkjær]]<br />
| party5 = [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian]]<br />
| alliance5 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since5 = 1956<br />
| leaders_seat5 = Southern Norvia<br />
| last_election5 = <br />
| seats_before5 = 68<br />
| seats_needed5 = <br />
| seats5 = 17<br />
| seats_after5 = <br />
| seat_change5 = {{decrease}} 51<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote5 = 1,932,509<br />
| percentage5 = 4%<br />
| swing5 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 6 --><br />
| image6 = [[File:Rolf Jørgen Fuglesang.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour6 = 000000<br />
| nominee6 =<br />
| candidate6 = <br />
| leader6 = [[Verner Mørk]]<br />
| party6 = [[List of political parties in Delkora|National Revival]]<br />
| alliance6 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since6 = 1958<br />
| leaders_seat6 = N/A<br />
| last_election6 = <br />
| seats_before6 = ''Did not contest''<br />
| seats_needed6 = <br />
| seats6 = 7<br />
| seats_after6 = <br />
| seat_change6 = {{increase}} 7<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote6 = 724,565<br />
| percentage6 = 1.5%<br />
| swing6 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 7 --><br />
| image7 = [[File:Jakov Blažević.jpg|110x110px]]<br />
| colour7 = ffa500<br />
| nominee7 =<br />
| candidate7 = <br />
| leader7 = [[Hávarður Arge]]<br />
| party7 = [[List of political parties in Delkora|Lebøvian People's Party]]<br />
| alliance7 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since7 = 1948<br />
| leaders_seat7 = Lebøvenland At-Large<br />
| last_election7 = <br />
| seats_before7 = 2<br />
| seats_needed7 = <br />
| seats7 = 4<br />
| seats_after7 = <br />
| seat_change7 = {{increase}} 2<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote7 = 356,895<br />
| percentage7 = 0.74%<br />
| swing7 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 8 --><br />
| image8 = [[File:Reino-Oittinen-1969.jpg|110x110px]]<br />
| colour8 = 6495ED<br />
| nominee8 =<br />
| candidate8 = <br />
| leader8 = [[Arvid Kruse]]<br />
| party8 = [[List of political parties in Delkora|The Moderates]]<br />
| alliance8 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since8 = 1956<br />
| leaders_seat8 = Cybria-Central<br />
| last_election8 = <br />
| seats_before8 = 22<br />
| seats_needed8 = <br />
| seats8 = 0<br />
| seats_after8 = <br />
| seat_change8 = {{decrease}} 22<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote8 = 39,978<br />
| percentage8 = 0.08%<br />
| swing8 =<br />
<br />
<!-- auxiliary rows --><br />
| 1blank = <br />
| 1data1 = <br />
| 1data2 = <br />
| 2blank = <br />
| 2data1 = <br />
| 2data2 = <br />
<br />
<!-- map --><br />
| map_image = <br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
<br />
<!-- bottom --><br />
| title = [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]]<br />
| before_election = [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]<br />
| before_party = [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]] <br />
| posttitle = Elected [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]]<br />
| after_election = [[Mette Elvensar]]<br />
| after_party = [[National Labor]] <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''1959 Delkoran federal election''' occurred on 7 June 1959 after a successful motion of no confidence against the government of [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]. The election resulted in a landslide victory for [[National Labor]], which won a rare outright majority. The resulting government led by [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]] [[Mette Elvensar]] began implementation of the [[New Kingdom]] reforms, which would radically restructure the Delkoran economy. <br />
<br />
The election marked the beginning of the so-called National Labor Hegemony, a term used to describe the period from 1959 to around 1975, when National Labor was dominant in Delkoran politics at the federal, state, and local levels. <br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The late 1950's were characterized by widespread civil unrest in the major cities as people unsatisfied with the Conservative government's handling of the ongoing economic depression took to the streets in protest. Rioting, combined with targeted bombings carried out by the [[Labor Underground]], prompted [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]] [[Hjalmar Madsen]] to declare a state of emergency in 1958 and order the [[Federal Police (Delkora)|Federal Police]] to begin arresting the far-left activists responsible for organizing the protests. <br />
<br />
This escalation prompted retaliatory strikes from several labor unions and led the [[General Labor Confederation of Delkora]] (LO) to call for Madsen's resignation and threaten a {{wp|general strike}}. [[National Labor]] leader [[Mette Elvensar]] spoke in support of the LO, and continued to promote her party's [[New Kingdom]] program as an alternative to Madsen's austerity policies. <br />
<br />
Following the assassination of Madsen in February 1959, he was succeeded as chancellor by [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]. Almost immediately upon taking office, Sörbengaard faced calls to dissolve parliament and call an early election. He rejected these demands, largely maintaining the hardline stance of his predecessor. In a televised speech after being sworn in, he vowed to "restore law and order." Still, his support quickly began to erode as the situation in the cities continued to deteriorate. <br />
<br />
A turning point came on 1 May, when [[Royal Delkoran Armed Forces|Home Guard]] soldiers attempted to disperse Labor Day demonstrations in several major cities at Sörbengaard's direction, leading to hundreds of arrests and injuries. The following day, the LO voted to authorize a general strike. <br />
<br />
The militancy of the general strike prompted the swift collapse of Sörbengaard's parliamentary majority. With economic activity virtually ground to a halt by striking workers seizing control of businesses and shipyards, idling factories, and blocking off highways, Sörbengaard was forced to resign after a vote of no confidence on 15 May. Parliament was dissolved later that day and an election was scheduled for 7 June.<br />
<br />
==Campaign==<br />
In contrast to previous federal election campaigns, National Labor devoted considerable resources to the rural southern states, campaigning on a slogan of ''Hver by, hvert amt, hver arbejder'' ("Every city, every county, every worker"). In particular, the party focused on the small towns and villages that had historically voted for the Conservatives or Agrarians, but which had been devastated by the depression. Elvensar held a series of town halls in these areas that, on account of her personal charm and frankness, helped endear the party to rural voters. Elvensar spoke at major rallies in Tordenhelm, Grafholmen, and Izenhoth the week before the election, all attracting crowds of over 25,000. <br />
<br />
While Elvensar campaigned in the south, deputy National Labor leader [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]] worked to mobilize the party's traditional urban base in the north, walking picket lines with striking steel workers in Halmodryn and Fjødonor and holding rallies in [[Norenstal]], Tybenhoth, and Abenvard.<br />
<br />
The Liberal Party, led by [[Sofia Westergaard]], who had a close working relationship with Elvensar, campaigned in coordination with National Labor and announced early on that it would support a National Labor government if necessary. The party focused most of its efforts on suburban areas, where National Labor was weak and where it could pick up seats from the Conservatives. Westergaard and Elvensar made a number of notable appearances together throughout the campaign. <br />
<br />
The Conservatives, Agrarians, and Moderates largely focused on defending their traditional strongholds, with Sörbengaard privately acknowledging that the cities were a lost cause. Sörbengaard himself spent most of his time campaigning in Banderhus, hoping to turn out the Conservative base in large numbers.<br />
<br />
A single party leaders' debate was hosted on May 31 on the campus of Gothendral University, featuring Elvensar, Westergaard, Sörbengaard, and Markussen. It resulted in negative publicity for Sörbengaard, who struggled to defend his government's economic policies and was attacked over his heavy-handed response to the Labor Day rallies. Markussen sought to use the debate to distinguish the [[Communist Party of Delkora]] from National Labor, criticizing the New Kingdom program for not going far enough. <br />
<br />
A notable moment during the debate involved a question posed to both Elvensar and Markussen about the [[Labor Underground]]; while Elvensar strongly disavowed the organization, Markussen gave an ambiguous answer that was widely criticized within the press.<br />
<br />
==Opinion polling==<br />
Numerous polls were conducted in the run-up to the election, all predicting a large seat gain for National Labor and showing that a large plurality of voters preferred Elvensar to be the next chancellor. Westergaard's numbers remained high on account of her strong personal popularity, and she consistently remained a distant second behind Elvensar, while Sörbengaard's numbers continually declined throughout the campaign. <br />
<br />
===Preferred Chancellor===<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%;line-height:14px"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Date(s)<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Polling organization<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Sample size<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Elvensar<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Westergaard<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Sörbengaard<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Markussen<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Elkjær<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Kruse<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Arge<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Other<br />
|-<br />
| May 16-18<br />
| University of Norenstal<br />
| 2,551<br />
| 42.5%<br />
| 25.1%<br />
| 15.1%<br />
| 10.6%<br />
| 3.2%<br />
| 1.4%<br />
| 0.1%<br />
| 2%<br />
|-<br />
| May 24-27<br />
| Ibsen Gruppe<br />
| 3,502<br />
| 45.6%<br />
| 24.2%<br />
| 14.2%<br />
| 12.7%<br />
| 2.3%<br />
| 0.3%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
| 1.6%<br />
|-<br />
| June 1-2<br />
| Eracuran Policy Institute<br />
| 2,708<br />
| 50.7%<br />
| 23.9%<br />
| 10.8%<br />
| 13.9%<br />
| 1.4%<br />
| 0.2%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Party preference===<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%;line-height:14px"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Date(s)<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Polling organization<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Sample size<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| National Labor<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Liberal<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Conservative<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Communist<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Agrarian<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Moderate<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Lebøvian<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Other<br />
|-<br />
| May 16-18<br />
| University of Norenstal<br />
| 2,551<br />
| 39.6%<br />
| 20.3%<br />
| 16.4%<br />
| 14.9%<br />
| 3.4%<br />
| 1.1%<br />
| 0.1%<br />
| 4.2%<br />
|-<br />
| May 24-27<br />
| Ibsen Gruppe<br />
| 3,502<br />
| 43.2%<br />
| 16.4%<br />
| 14.5%<br />
| 13.7%<br />
| 2.3%<br />
| 0.7%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
| 3.6%<br />
|-<br />
| June 1-2<br />
| Eracuran Policy Institute<br />
| 2,708<br />
| 46.2%<br />
| 19.7%<br />
| 12.3%<br />
| 16.9%<br />
| 5.2%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Results==<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right<br />
|-<br />
|+ {{resize|95%|Summary of the 7 June 1959 Delkoran federal election results}}<br />
|-<br />
<!-- !colspan="7"|[[File::Norway Storting 2017.svg|350px]] --><br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="width:230px"| Party<br />
!colspan=3| Votes<br />
!colspan=2| Seats<br />
|-<br />
!style="width:75px"| #<br />
!style="width:50px"| %<br />
!style="width:50px"| ±<br />
!style="width:50px"| #<br />
!style="width:50px"| ±<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#FF0000"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[National Labor]] (A)<br />
|27,057,621<br />
|56.00% <br />
|≠<br />
|238<br />
|<span style="color:green">+133</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#FFFF00"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal Party]] (L)<br />
|8,213,513<br />
|17.00%<br />
|≠<br />
|77<br />
|<span style="color:red">-9</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#3D428B"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative Party]] (K)<br />
|5,795,423<br />
|12.00%<br />
|≠<br />
|54<br />
|<span style="color:red">-69</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#A52A2A"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[Communist Party of Delkora]] (C)<br />
|3,575,948<br />
|7.39%<br />
|≠<br />
|28<br />
|<span style="color:green">+9</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#9400D3"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian Party]] (B)<br />
|1,932,509<br />
|4.00%<br />
|≠<br />
|17<br />
|<span style="color:red">-51</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#000000"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|National Revival]] (Ɲ)<br />
|724,565<br />
|1.50%<br />
|≠<br />
|7<br />
|<span style="color:green">+7</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#FFA500"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|Lebøvian People's Party]] (Ð)<br />
|356,895<br />
|0.74%<br />
|≠<br />
|4<br />
|<span style="color:green">+2</span><br />
|-<br />
|colspan="7" style="background: #E9E9E9"|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#8B4513"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|Free Republicans]] (Y)<br />
|298,594<br />
|0.62%<br />
|≠<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#990000"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|United Leftist Front]] (V)<br />
|246,283<br />
|0.51%<br />
|≠<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#0198E1"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|Traditionalist League]] (N)<br />
|73,294<br />
|0.15%<br />
|≠<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#6495ED"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|The Moderates]] (M)<br />
|39,978<br />
|0.08%<br />
|≠<br />
|0<br />
|<span style="color:red">-22</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:{{template:Independent politician/meta/color}}|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"|{{wpl|Independent politician|Independent lists}}<br />
|3,102<br />
|>0.01%<br />
|≠<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2 style=text-align:left;width:200px| Totals<br />
!style=text-align:right;width:75px| 48,317,725<br />
!style=text-align:right;width:50px| 100%<br />
!style=text-align:right;width:50px| –<br />
!style=text-align:right;width:50px| 425<br />
!style=text-align:right;width:50px| ±0<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=2 style=text-align:left| Registered voters/turnout<br />
| style=text-align:right| 58,923,446<br />
| style=text-align:right| 82.00%<br />
| style=text-align:right| +?<br />
| style=text-align:right| –<br />
| style=text-align:right| –<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=7 style="text-align:left;"|Source: [[Delkoran administrative agencies#Autonomous agencies|Federal Electoral Commission]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Analysis===<br />
Most news outlets had called the election in favor of National Labor early on election night based on exit polls which suggested the party was headed toward a majority. Early returns from the southern states appeared to confirm this, as the Conservatives trailed National Labor and the Liberals even in rural areas, while the Agrarians were virtually wiped out in many counties, and the Moderates failed to win any seats. This, combined with a strong early showing by the Liberals in northern suburban areas, resulted in a severe deficit that the Conservatives were unable to overcome. <br />
<br />
Shortly before midnight, with the Conservatives trailing National Labor in Banderhus, Sörbengaard delivered a brief concession speech outside Conservative Party headquarters in Norenstal. An hour later, Elvensar gave a speech before a crowd of several hundred National Labor supporters outside the LO office. Results from the northern states continued to filter in throughout the night and early the next morning, with the Federal Electoral Commission certifying the final results just after noon the following day.<br />
<br />
As expected, National Labor made history by becoming the first party since the introduction of proportional representation in 1884 to win an independent majority. Additionally, it became the first and currently only party to have ever won the popular vote in every state in a federal election. Despite losing a number of seats, the Liberals performed better than expected, which is often attributed to Westergaard's personal popularity. The Conservatives suffered severe losses in almost every constituency.<br />
<br />
==Aftermath==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]<br />
<br />
{{Template:Delkoran elections}}</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Delkoran_federal_election,_1959&diff=308546Delkoran federal election, 19592021-02-07T00:42:29Z<p>Delkora: /* Results */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox election<br />
| election_name = Delkoran federal election, 1959<br />
| country = Delkora<br />
| flag_year = <br />
| flag_image = Flag of Delkora.png<br />
| type = Parliamentary<br />
| vote_type = Popular<br />
| ongoing = No<br />
| party_colour = <br />
| party_name = <br />
| alliance_name = <br />
| previous_election = Delkoran federal election, 1956<br />
| previous_year = 1956<br />
| outgoing_members = <br />
| election_date = 7 June 1959<br />
| elected_members = <br />
| next_election = Delkoran federal election, 1963<br />
| next_year = 1963<br />
| votes_for_election= <br />
| needed_votes = <br />
| seats_for_election= All 425 seats of the [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Chamber of Representatives]]<br />
| majority_seats = 213<br />
| opinion_polls = <br />
| registered = 58,923,446<br />
| turnout = 48,317,725 (82%)<br />
| votes_counted = <!-- Use ONE out of votes_counted, reporting or declared, do not include percentage (%) sign--><br />
| reporting = <!-- Use ONE out of votes_counted, reporting or declared, do not include percentage (%) sign--><br />
| declared = <!-- Use ONE out of votes_counted, reporting or declared, do not include percentage (%) sign--><br />
| last_update = <br />
| time_zone = <br />
| image_upright = <br />
<br />
<!-- person 1 --><br />
| image1 = [[File:Mme Barbara Castle, Ministre britannique du développement outre-mer.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour1 = FF0000<br />
| nominee1 =<br />
| candidate1 = <br />
| leader1 = [[Mette Elvensar]]<br />
| party1 = [[National Labor]]<br />
| alliance1 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since1 = 1948<br />
| leaders_seat1 = Cybria-Southwest<br />
| last_election1 = <br />
| seats_before1 = 110<br />
| seats_needed1 = <br />
| seats1 = 243<br />
| seats_after1 = <br />
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 133<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote1 = 27,057,621<br />
| percentage1 = 56%<br />
| swing1 = <br />
<br />
<!-- person 2 --><br />
| image2 = [[File:SofiaWestergaard.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour2 = FFFF00<br />
| nominee2 =<br />
| candidate2 = <br />
| leader2 = [[Sofia Westergaard]]<br />
| party2 = [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal]]<br />
| alliance2 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since2 = 1932<br />
| leaders_seat2 = Førelskov-Central<br />
| last_election2 = <br />
| seats_before2 = 86<br />
| seats_needed2 = <br />
| seats2 = 77<br />
| seats_after2 = <br />
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 9<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote2 = 8,213,513<br />
| percentage2 = 17%<br />
| swing2 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 3 --><br />
| image3 = [[File:Steingrímur Steinþórsson.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour3 = 3D428B<br />
| nominee3 =<br />
| candidate3 = <br />
| leader3 = [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]<br />
| party3 = [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]]<br />
| alliance3 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since3 = 1959<br />
| leaders_seat3 = Banderhus-Southeast<br />
| last_election3 = <br />
| seats_before3 = 123<br />
| seats_needed3 = <br />
| seats3 = 54<br />
| seats_after3 = <br />
| seat_change3 = {{decrease}} 69<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote3 = 5,795,423<br />
| percentage3 = 12%<br />
| swing3 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 4 --><br />
| image4 = [[File:Aksel Larsen c 1959.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour4 = A52A2A<br />
| nominee4 =<br />
| candidate4 = <br />
| leader4 = [[Einar Markussen]]<br />
| party4 = [[Communist Party of Delkora]]<br />
| alliance4 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since4 = 1952<br />
| leaders_seat4 = Norenstal-South<br />
| last_election4 = <br />
| seats_before4 = 14<br />
| seats_needed4 = <br />
| seats4 = 23<br />
| seats_after4 = <br />
| seat_change4 = {{increase}} 9<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote4 = 3,575,948<br />
| percentage4 = 7.39%<br />
| swing4 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 5 --><br />
| image5 = [[File:Hans hedtoft.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour5 = 9400D3<br />
| nominee5 =<br />
| candidate5 = <br />
| leader5 = [[Otto Elkjær]]<br />
| party5 = [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian]]<br />
| alliance5 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since5 = 1956<br />
| leaders_seat5 = Southern Norvia<br />
| last_election5 = <br />
| seats_before5 = 68<br />
| seats_needed5 = <br />
| seats5 = 17<br />
| seats_after5 = <br />
| seat_change5 = {{decrease}} 51<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote5 = 1,932,509<br />
| percentage5 = 4%<br />
| swing5 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 6 --><br />
| image6 = [[File:Rolf Jørgen Fuglesang.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour6 = 000000<br />
| nominee6 =<br />
| candidate6 = <br />
| leader6 = [[Verner Mørk]]<br />
| party6 = [[List of political parties in Delkora|National Revival]]<br />
| alliance6 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since6 = 1958<br />
| leaders_seat6 = N/A<br />
| last_election6 = <br />
| seats_before6 = ''Did not contest''<br />
| seats_needed6 = <br />
| seats6 = 7<br />
| seats_after6 = <br />
| seat_change6 = {{increase}} 7<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote6 = 724,565<br />
| percentage6 = 1.5%<br />
| swing6 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 7 --><br />
| image7 = [[File:Jakov Blažević.jpg|110x110px]]<br />
| colour7 = ffa500<br />
| nominee7 =<br />
| candidate7 = <br />
| leader7 = [[Hávarður Arge]]<br />
| party7 = [[List of political parties in Delkora|Lebøvian People's Party]]<br />
| alliance7 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since7 = 1948<br />
| leaders_seat7 = Lebøvenland At-Large<br />
| last_election7 = <br />
| seats_before7 = 2<br />
| seats_needed7 = <br />
| seats7 = 4<br />
| seats_after7 = <br />
| seat_change7 = {{increase}} 2<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote7 = 356,895<br />
| percentage7 = 0.74%<br />
| swing7 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 8 --><br />
| image8 = [[File:Reino-Oittinen-1969.jpg|110x110px]]<br />
| colour8 = 6495ED<br />
| nominee8 =<br />
| candidate8 = <br />
| leader8 = [[Arvid Kruse]]<br />
| party8 = [[List of political parties in Delkora|The Moderates]]<br />
| alliance8 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since8 = 1956<br />
| leaders_seat8 = Cybria-Central<br />
| last_election8 = <br />
| seats_before8 = 22<br />
| seats_needed8 = <br />
| seats8 = 0<br />
| seats_after8 = <br />
| seat_change8 = {{decrease}} 22<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote8 = 39,978<br />
| percentage8 = 0.08%<br />
| swing8 =<br />
<br />
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<!-- bottom --><br />
| title = [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]]<br />
| before_election = [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]<br />
| before_party = [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]] <br />
| posttitle = Elected [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]]<br />
| after_election = [[Mette Elvensar]]<br />
| after_party = [[National Labor]] <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''1959 Delkoran federal election''' occurred on 7 June 1959 after a successful motion of no confidence against the government of [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]. The election resulted in a landslide victory for [[National Labor]], which won a rare outright majority. The resulting government led by [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]] [[Mette Elvensar]] began implementation of the [[New Kingdom]] reforms, which would radically restructure the Delkoran economy. <br />
<br />
The election marked the beginning of the so-called National Labor Hegemony, a term used to describe the period from 1959 to around 1975, when National Labor was dominant in Delkoran politics at the federal, state, and local levels. <br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The late 1950's were characterized by widespread civil unrest in the major cities as people unsatisfied with the Conservative government's handling of the ongoing economic depression took to the streets in protest. Rioting, combined with targeted bombings carried out by the [[Labor Underground]], prompted [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]] [[Hjalmar Madsen]] to declare a state of emergency in 1958 and order the [[Federal Police (Delkora)|Federal Police]] to begin arresting the far-left activists responsible for organizing the protests. <br />
<br />
This escalation prompted retaliatory strikes from several labor unions and led the [[General Labor Confederation of Delkora]] (LO) to call for Madsen's resignation and threaten a {{wp|general strike}}. [[National Labor]] leader [[Mette Elvensar]] spoke in support of the LO, and continued to promote her party's [[New Kingdom]] program as an alternative to Madsen's austerity policies. <br />
<br />
Following the assassination of Madsen in February 1959, he was succeeded as chancellor by [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]. Almost immediately upon taking office, Sörbengaard faced calls to dissolve parliament and call an early election. He rejected these demands, largely maintaining the hardline stance of his predecessor. In a televised speech after being sworn in, he vowed to "restore law and order." Still, his support quickly began to erode as the situation in the cities continued to deteriorate. <br />
<br />
A turning point came on 1 May, when [[Royal Delkoran Armed Forces|Home Guard]] soldiers attempted to disperse Labor Day demonstrations in several major cities at Sörbengaard's direction, leading to hundreds of arrests and injuries. The following day, the LO voted to authorize a general strike. <br />
<br />
The militancy of the general strike prompted the swift collapse of Sörbengaard's parliamentary majority. With economic activity virtually ground to a halt by striking workers seizing control of businesses and shipyards, idling factories, and blocking off highways, Sörbengaard was forced to resign after a vote of no confidence on 15 May. Parliament was dissolved later that day and an election was scheduled for 7 June.<br />
<br />
==Campaign==<br />
In contrast to previous federal election campaigns, National Labor devoted considerable resources to the rural southern states, campaigning on a slogan of ''Hver by, hvert amt, hver arbejder'' ("Every city, every county, every worker"). In particular, the party focused on the small towns and villages that had historically voted for the Conservatives or Agrarians, but which had been devastated by the depression. Elvensar held a series of town halls in these areas that, on account of her personal charm and frankness, helped endear the party to rural voters. Elvensar spoke at major rallies in Tordenhelm, Grafholmen, and Izenhoth the week before the election, all attracting crowds of over 25,000. <br />
<br />
While Elvensar campaigned in the south, deputy National Labor leader [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]] worked to mobilize the party's traditional urban base in the north, walking picket lines with striking steel workers in Halmodryn and Fjødonor and holding rallies in [[Norenstal]], Tybenhoth, and Abenvard.<br />
<br />
The Liberal Party, led by [[Sofia Westergaard]], who had a close working relationship with Elvensar, campaigned in coordination with National Labor and announced early on that it would support a National Labor government if necessary. The party focused most of its efforts on suburban areas, where National Labor was weak and where it could pick up seats from the Conservatives. Westergaard and Elvensar made a number of notable appearances together throughout the campaign. <br />
<br />
The Conservatives, Agrarians, and Moderates largely focused on defending their traditional strongholds, with Sörbengaard privately acknowledging that the cities were a lost cause. Sörbengaard himself spent most of his time campaigning in Banderhus, hoping to turn out the Conservative base in large numbers.<br />
<br />
A single party leaders' debate was hosted on May 31 on the campus of Gothendral University, featuring Elvensar, Westergaard, Sörbengaard, and Markussen. It resulted in negative publicity for Sörbengaard, who struggled to defend his government's economic policies and was attacked over his heavy-handed response to the Labor Day rallies. Markussen sought to use the debate to distinguish the [[Communist Party of Delkora]] from National Labor, criticizing the New Kingdom program for not going far enough. <br />
<br />
A notable moment during the debate involved a question posed to both Elvensar and Markussen about the [[Labor Underground]]; while Elvensar strongly disavowed the organization, Markussen gave an ambiguous answer that was widely criticized within the press.<br />
<br />
==Opinion polling==<br />
Numerous polls were conducted in the run-up to the election, all predicting a large seat gain for National Labor and showing that a large plurality of voters preferred Elvensar to be the next chancellor. Westergaard's numbers remained high on account of her strong personal popularity, and she consistently remained a distant second behind Elvensar, while Sörbengaard's numbers continually declined throughout the campaign. <br />
<br />
===Preferred Chancellor===<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%;line-height:14px"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Date(s)<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Polling organization<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Sample size<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Elvensar<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Westergaard<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Sörbengaard<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Markussen<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Elkjær<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Kruse<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Arge<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Other<br />
|-<br />
| May 16-18<br />
| University of Norenstal<br />
| 2,551<br />
| 42.5%<br />
| 25.1%<br />
| 15.1%<br />
| 10.6%<br />
| 3.2%<br />
| 1.4%<br />
| 0.1%<br />
| 2%<br />
|-<br />
| May 24-27<br />
| Ibsen Gruppe<br />
| 3,502<br />
| 45.6%<br />
| 24.2%<br />
| 14.2%<br />
| 12.7%<br />
| 2.3%<br />
| 0.3%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
| 1.6%<br />
|-<br />
| June 1-2<br />
| Eracuran Policy Institute<br />
| 2,708<br />
| 50.7%<br />
| 23.9%<br />
| 10.8%<br />
| 13.9%<br />
| 1.4%<br />
| 0.2%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Party preference===<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%;line-height:14px"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Date(s)<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Polling organization<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Sample size<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| National Labor<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Liberal<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Conservative<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Communist<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Agrarian<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Moderate<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Lebøvian<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Other<br />
|-<br />
| May 16-18<br />
| University of Norenstal<br />
| 2,551<br />
| 39.6%<br />
| 20.3%<br />
| 16.4%<br />
| 14.9%<br />
| 3.4%<br />
| 1.1%<br />
| 0.1%<br />
| 4.2%<br />
|-<br />
| May 24-27<br />
| Ibsen Gruppe<br />
| 3,502<br />
| 43.2%<br />
| 16.4%<br />
| 14.5%<br />
| 13.7%<br />
| 2.3%<br />
| 0.7%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
| 3.6%<br />
|-<br />
| June 1-2<br />
| Eracuran Policy Institute<br />
| 2,708<br />
| 46.2%<br />
| 19.7%<br />
| 12.3%<br />
| 16.9%<br />
| 5.2%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Results==<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right<br />
|-<br />
|+ {{resize|95%|Summary of the 7 June 1959 Delkoran federal election results}}<br />
|-<br />
<!-- !colspan="7"|[[File::Norway Storting 2017.svg|350px]] --><br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="width:230px"| Party<br />
!colspan=3| Votes<br />
!colspan=2| Seats<br />
|-<br />
!style="width:75px"| #<br />
!style="width:50px"| %<br />
!style="width:50px"| ±<br />
!style="width:50px"| #<br />
!style="width:50px"| ±<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#FF0000"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[National Labor]] (A)<br />
|27,057,621<br />
|56.00% <br />
|≠<br />
|238<br />
|<span style="color:green">+133</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#FFFF00"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal Party]] (L)<br />
|8,213,513<br />
|17.00%<br />
|≠<br />
|77<br />
|<span style="color:red">-9</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#3D428B"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative Party]] (K)<br />
|5,795,423<br />
|12.00%<br />
|≠<br />
|54<br />
|<span style="color:red">-69</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#A52A2A"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[Communist Party of Delkora]] (C)<br />
|3,575,948<br />
|7.39%<br />
|≠<br />
|28<br />
|<span style="color:green">+9</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#9400D3"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian Party]] (B)<br />
|1,932,509<br />
|4.00%<br />
|≠<br />
|17<br />
|<span style="color:red">-51</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#000000"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|National Revival]] (Ɲ)<br />
|724,565<br />
|1.50%<br />
|≠<br />
|7<br />
|<span style="color:green">+7</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#FFA500"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|Lebøvian People's Party]] (Ð)<br />
|356,895<br />
|0.74%<br />
|≠<br />
|4<br />
|<span style="color:green">+2</span><br />
|-<br />
|colspan="7" style="background: #E9E9E9"|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#8B4513"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|Free Republicans]] (Y)<br />
|298,594<br />
|0.62%<br />
|≠<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#990000"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|United Leftist Front]] (V)<br />
|246,283<br />
|0.51%<br />
|≠<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#0198E1"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|Traditionalist League]] (N)<br />
|73,294<br />
|0.15%<br />
|≠<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#6495ED"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|The Moderates]] (M)<br />
|39,978<br />
|0.08%<br />
|≠<br />
|0<br />
|<span style="color:red">-22</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:{{template:Independent politician/meta/color}}|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"|{{wpl|Independent politician|Independent lists}}<br />
|3,102<br />
|>0.01%<br />
|≠<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2 style=text-align:left;width:200px| Totals<br />
!style=text-align:right;width:75px| 48,317,725<br />
!style=text-align:right;width:50px| 100%<br />
!style=text-align:right;width:50px| –<br />
!style=text-align:right;width:50px| 425<br />
!style=text-align:right;width:50px| ±0<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=2 style=text-align:left| Registered voters/turnout<br />
| style=text-align:right| 58,923,446<br />
| style=text-align:right| 82.00%<br />
| style=text-align:right| +?<br />
| style=text-align:right| –<br />
| style=text-align:right| –<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=7 style="text-align:left;"|Source: [[Delkoran administrative agencies#Autonomous agencies|Federal Electoral Commission]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Analysis===<br />
Most news outlets had called the election in favor of National Labor early on election night based on exit polls which suggested the party was headed toward a majority. Early returns from the southern states appeared to confirm this, as the Conservatives trailed National Labor and the Liberals even in rural areas, while the Agrarians were virtually wiped out in many counties, and the Moderates failed to win any seats. This, combined with a strong early showing by the Liberals in northern suburban areas, resulted in a severe deficit that the Conservatives were unable to overcome. <br />
<br />
Shortly before midnight, with the Conservatives trailing National Labor in Banderhus, Sörbengaard delivered a brief concession speech outside Conservative Party headquarters in Norenstal. An hour later, Elvensar gave a speech before a crowd of several hundred National Labor supporters outside the LO office. Results from the northern states continued to filter in throughout the night and early the next morning, with the Federal Electoral Commission certifying the final results just after noon the following day.<br />
<br />
As expected, National Labor made history by becoming the first party since the introduction of proportional representation in 1884 to win an independent majority. Additionally, it became the first and currently only party to have ever won the popular vote in every state in a federal election. Despite losing a number of seats, the Liberals performed better than expected, which is often attributed to Westergaard's personal popularity. The Conservatives suffered severe losses in almost every constituency.<br />
<br />
==Aftermath==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]<br />
<br />
{{Template:Delkoran elections}}</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Mette_Elvensar&diff=308545Mette Elvensar2021-02-07T00:40:04Z<p>Delkora: /* Leader of National Labor */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox officeholder<br />
|honorific-prefix = {{wp|The Most Honorable}}<br />
|name = Mette Elvensar<br />
|native_name =<br />
|honorific-suffix = {{wp|Order of Chivalry|OKA}}, {{wp|Order of Chivalry|LKV}}, {{wp|Order of Chivalry|ODE}}, {{wp|Order of Chivalry|KC}}<br />
|image = Mme Barbara Castle, Ministre britannique du développement outre-mer.jpg<br />
|imagesize = 230px<br />
|office = [[Chancellor of Delkora]]<br />
|term_start = 8 June 1959<br />
|term_end = 5 June 1967<br />
|monarch = [[Charlotte III]]<br />
|deputy = <br />
|successor = [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]]<br />
|predecessor = [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]<br />
|office2 = [[Cabinet of Delkora|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]<br />
|term_start2 = 5 June 1967<br />
|term_end2 = 2 June 1975<br />
|chancellor2 = Geirbjørn Feldengaard<br />
|successor2 = [[Osvald Bjerg]]<br />
|predecessor2 = Geirbjørn Feldengaard<br />
|office3 = Leader of [[National Labor]]<br />
|term_start3 = 20 August 1948<br />
|term_end3 = 1 May 1967<br />
|successor3 = Geirbjørn Feldengaard<br />
|predecessor3 = [[Jørgen Löfgren]]<br />
|office4 = [[Cabinet of Delkora|Minister of Education]]<br />
|term_start4 = 12 August 1936<br />
|term_end4 = 20 September 1940<br />
|chancellor4 = [[Sofia Westergaard]]<br />
|office5 = [[Cabinet of Delkora|Minister of Agriculture]]<br />
|term_start5 = 12 August 1932<br />
|term_end5 = 12 August 1936<br />
|chancellor5 = Sofia Westergaard<br />
|office6 = Member of the [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Chamber of Representatives]]<br />
|term_start6 = 12 August 1928<br />
|term_end6 = 2 June 1975<br />
|constituency6= Cybria-Southwest<br />
|birth_date = {{birth date|1901|01|07|df=y}}<br />
|death_date = {{death date|1984|05|02|df=y}}<br />
|birth_place = Börnendren, [[Cybria]], [[Delkora]]<br />
|death_place = Tjærenbor, [[Cybria]], [[Delkora]]<br />
|birthname = Margrethe Ellinor Elvensar<br />
|residence = <br />
|alma_mater = Tordenhelm University (B.A., M.L.)<br />
|spouse = Otto Elvensar<br>(m. 1932)<br />
|partner = <br />
|nationality = Delkoran<br />
|occupation = Teacher<br>Politician<br />
|blank1 = <br />
|data1 = <br />
|party = [[National Labor]]<br />
|signature = <br />
<!--Military service--><br />
|allegiance = <br />
|branch = <br />
|serviceyears = <br />
|rank = <br />
|unit = <br />
|commands = <br />
|battles = <br />
|awards = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Margarethe Ellinor Elvensar''' (7 January 1901 – 2 May 1984), better known as '''Mette Elvensar''', was a Delkoran stateswoman, teacher, and political reformist who served as [[Chancellor of Delkora]] from 1959 to 1967. Entering office in the midst of a major economic depression, her government initiated the [[New Kingdom]], an ambitious agenda that sought to begin transitioning the economy toward socialization of economic ownership and laid the foundation for the modern Delkoran {{wp|welfare state}}. <br />
<br />
Although opinions of her tenure vary by political affiliation, Elvensar is almost universally recognized by historians as one of the most effective chancellors in Delkoran history, consistently ranking in the top three of scholarly listings of the most influential chancellors. <br />
<br />
==Early years==<br />
Elvensar was born on a commune in the municipality of Börnendren in southern [[Cybria]] in 1901. Her mother Agnes worked as a tailor in the commune, while her father was a carpenter. While attending secondary school, she was introduced to leftist political philosophy by her mathematics teacher and began closely following local politics. She would later reflect that her experience growing up in a commune profoundly shaped her political outlook, remarking in her autobiography that, "Having seen how well society could function when operating on the principles of subsidiarity, solidarity, and equity as was the case in the communes, I knew upon becoming chancellor that it would be my goal to replicate this on a national scale." <br />
<br />
Elvensar's first political experience came in 1914 when the municipal council of Börnendren voted to seize a major portion of her commune's farmland through {{wp|eminent domain}} for the purpose of building a {{wp|lead smelter}}. Against her parent's wishes, she joined a group of the commune's members in staging an act of civil disobedience, chaining themselves to the fence surrounding the property to prevent the construction crew from gaining entrance. When the police were summoned, a large fight broke out that left dozens severely injured. Elvensar was arrested along with her co-conspirators, but was not charged due to being a minor. Although the commune's act of defiance attracted the attention of local newspapers and gained it sympathy throughout the state, construction of the lead smelter proceeded as planned.<br />
<br />
==University and early career==<br />
After obtaining a scholarship to attend Tordenhelm University, Elvensar began studying economics in 1918. While attending Tordenhelm, she became involved with the United Residents Guild, an anarchist group engaged in {{wp|direct action}} in the city's working class neighborhoods. A self-described {{wp|anarchist without adjectives}} at the time, Elvensar remarked in one interview that, "Up to that point in my life, I had only experienced government as a violent, oppressive force, and so I had no interest in working within the system or waiting on incremental change." After completing her economics degree, she enrolled in the school of law at Tordenhelm, graduating in 1925.<br />
<br />
That year, she returned to Börnendren, where she took up a job as a history teacher at a local secondary school. There, she successfully led efforts at unionizing the school system, and subsequently began working with other organizers in the area to unionize other schools throughout the county. In 1926, teachers in Börnendren and seven other municipalities went on strike and, under Elvensar's leadership, successfully negotiated a major salary and pension increase. <br />
<br />
Elvensar's efforts during the strike gained her significant publicity in the region, and prompted the local [[National Labor]] party organization to approach her about running for office. Still an anarchist, Elvensar later reflected that at the time she believed National Labor to be a corrupt party that was "only marginally better" than the alternatives, but believed it might be possible to radicalize it from within. She subsequently ran for municipal council on the National Labor list in 1927, failing to be seated.<br />
<br />
Nonetheless, she was placed on the ballot for the federal election the following year in her home constituency of Southern Cybria, and won a seat after personally knocking on thousands of doors and making a concerted effort to speak to voters in every city and town in the district.<br />
<br />
==Member of the Federal Parliament==<br />
As a member of parliament, Elvensar served on the Committee on Labor and Pensions and the Education Committee. Early on, she developed a reputation as an independent voice in her party who frequently went against leadership.<br />
<br />
Elvensar quickly emerged as a leader within the Red-Black Faction, a grouping of socialists and anarcho-syndicalists within the National Labor caucus in parliament that actively worked to replace Löfgren and other establishment figures with leftists. She likewise supported the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian Workers' Party]] takeover of the [[Cybria]] National Labor organization and its subsequent reorganization under [[Bjørn Olsen]].<br />
<br />
In part as an effort to appease the rising tide of far-left dissent in the party and co-opt its leadership, Löfgren worked to secure low-ranking ministerial posts for both Elvensar and Feldengaard after the 1932 federal election, when National Labor entered government as the Liberal Party's junior coalition partner. Elvensar subsequently served as minister of agriculture from 1932 to 1936 and was then shifted to the ministry of education in cabinet reshuffle.<br />
<br />
[[File:MetteElvensar1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Elvensar as education minister, 1937]]<br />
<br />
Despite her outspokenness and independent streak, Elvensar got on well with Chancellor [[Sofia Westergaard]], who considered her a valuable ally. Elvensar appreciated Westergaard's "fighting spirit" and was impressed by her role in the [[Blockade of Banderhus]] and the [[Liberal Party split of 1940]]. In a later speech as Chancellor, she praised Westergaard, saying, "This woman was willing to risk the destruction of Delkora itself, and her party as well, over the simple, moral principle that a civilised society must do all it humanly can to prevent misery among its people."<br />
<br />
The 1940 federal election produced a Conservative-Agrarian government, leaving Elvensar in opposition. She spent much of the 1940's as one of the leading voices in her party speaking out against the economic policies of Chancellor Veidnar Albendor. She later cited this time period as the start of her ideological transition from anarchism to {{wpl|democratic socialism}}, saying, "Whereas before I had conceived of government as a necessarily counterrevolutionary force that was to be eventually overcome, I then started to see it as a neutral weapon that would always be wielded against some element of society. My work would be to ensure it was wielded against the banker, the warmonger, and the racist, and not the worker, the disabled, or the migrant."<br />
<br />
Elvensar met her future foreign minister and successor as chancellor, [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]], then a little-known state legislator from [[Førelskov]], in 1940. The two developed a close friendship, with Elvensar providing assistance to Feldengaard and others involved with the effort to oust the state's National Labor establishment. <br />
<br />
After National Labor's poor showing in the 1944 Federal Election, Elvensar challenged Löfgren for party leader, losing narrowly. Continuing to forge relationships with the party's newer, younger cohort, she mounted a successful bid four years later after Löfgren was forced to resign following National Labor's worst showing ever in the 1948 Federal Election. Prevailing over Löfgren's handpicked candidate, Elvensar assumed leadership of National Labor in March of that year.<br />
<br />
==Leader of National Labor==<br />
As leader, one of Elvensar's first initiatives was to implement democratic reforms of the party's internal proceedings. In 1948, she issued a memo calling on National Labor organizations from the national to the local level to open all official proceedings to the public. A rule change she successfully pushed for in 1952 requiring local organizations to elect their leadership brought her into conflict with the National Labor {{wp|political machines}} of the major cities and led to a failed effort by the party bosses of Norenstal, Gothendral, and Tordenhelm to oust her.<br />
<br />
Elvensar made it a priority of her tenure as party leader to rebuild the party's relationship with the labor movement, which had deteriorated under Löfgren's leadership. She developed a cordial relationship with [[Mireli Sørensen]].<br />
<br />
The cumulative effect of these and other initiatives was a strong showing by the party in state and local elections throughout the 1950's. In the aftermath of the [[Economy of Delkora#Economic liberalization and depression|1953 Banking Crisis]] and subsequent depression, Mette became known for her passionate speeches in Parliament denouncing the policies of [[Veidnar Albendor]]'s government. <br />
<br />
By the late 1950s, growing civil unrest had turned into widespread rioting in the major cities, and the [[Labor Underground]] had launched an insurgency. In 1959, Chancellor Hjalmar Madsen was assassinated by a member of the AU, and was succeeded by [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]].<br />
<br />
Sörbengaard's heavy-handed response to May Day protests later that year prompted the [[General Labor Confederation of Delkora|LO]] to launch a general strike, which led to a motion of no confidence against his government and a subsequent snap election. In the [[Delkoran federal election, 1959|resulting election]], National Labor picked up an unprecedented number of seats, enabling Elvensar to form a single party government. During the campaign, she met [[Glykera Damonides]], who would become her secretary and closest assistant.<br />
<br />
==Chancellor==<br />
===Domestic policy===<br />
[[File:MetteElvensar2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Elvensar in her chancellery office]]<br />
Shortly after taking office, Elvensar gave a televised national address from the Chancellery Building calling for peace as rioting continued throughout the country. The same day, she lifted the state of emergency that had been in place since 1958 and began withdrawing military forces from the cities, quieting much of the unrest.<br />
<br />
Elvensar's first term was focused on ending the depression and implementing emergency relief measures as part of the first phase of the [[New Kingdom]]. The Emergency Services Act of 1959 provided funding for food, clothing, medicine, and emergency housing for those most in need, primarily in the inner cities and remote rural areas. Her government followed this with direct aid to farmers. Elvensar's government passed federal {{wp|rent regulation|rent controls}} and re-instituted the minimum wage.<br />
<br />
In a televised address in June 1960, she announced the creation of the Federal Public Works Commission, an agency which would provide a national {{wp|job guarantee}} by employing people in the construction of large-scale infrastructure projects. The Commission proved to be successful in reinvigorating the economy, with unemployment falling to 10% by the end of 1960 and 7% the following year.<br />
<br />
The tax code was restructured to be highly progressive and deficit spending was used to stimulate demand.<br />
<br />
During this period, her government led an aggressive nationalization push, bringing failing corporations under government ownership in key industries including finance, energy, and defense. <br />
<br />
With these early actions helping the economy to rebound, National Labor coasted to easy victory in 1963. Elvensar's attention then turned to implementation of more far-reaching "structural changes." Her government introduced the Cooperative Economy Act of 1965, which initiating a gradual process of transitioning to {{wp|workers' self-management}} throughout the economy. The measure was highly controversial at the time and faced court challenges, but was ultimately upheld. <br />
<br />
Economic planning was overseen by the National Industrial Administration and, after Delkora's accession to the Common Sphere, facilitated by the [[Hermes Programme]]. <br />
<br />
Elvensar's second term was characterized by increasing economic growth, reductions in unemployment and inequality, and huge growth in the cooperative sector. While she enjoyed a single-party majority throughout her term in office, Elvensar maintained good relations with the Liberal Party. In a symbolic gesture, she named Westergaard the first chair of the FPWC, in honor of her advocacy of {{wpl|public works}} and {{wpl|economic interventionism}} as Chancellor.<br />
<br />
===Foreign policy===<br />
Although Elvensar's tenure as chancellor was dominated by domestic policy concerns, a number of important foreign policy events occurred while she was in office. She was a staunch advocate of Delkoran membership in the [[Common Sphere]], and vocally campaigned for its accession, which was approved in a [[Delkoran referendum on membership in the Common Sphere, 1965|1965 referedum]]. Her government gave formal diplomatic recognition to [[Gylias]] in the aftermath of the [[Liberation War (Gylias)|Liberation War]] and sought to build [[Gylias-Delkora relations|close relations]].<br />
<br />
==Minister of foreign affairs==<br />
[[File:MetteElvensar3.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Elvensar campaigning with her successor [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]] in 1967]]<br />
In the lead up to the 1967 Federal Election, Elvensar made a surprise announcement that she was stepping down as party leader, and would be endorsing Feldengaard to be her successor. In an interview after the announcement, she stated, "I have achieved what I set out to do as Chancellor. Our country is rising from the depths of economic despair and we have taken the necessary first steps to move our Kingdom toward a just and equitable future." In her personal notes, she reflected that the decision was also based on her personal misgivings about long-serving government officials, writing, "I have no desire to linger in office until I am old, gray, and reactionary." <br />
<br />
In the ensuing leadership election, Feldengaard was elected by an overwhelming majority. Although she was no longer in the spotlight, Elvensar wanted to remain in the cabinet to mentor her successor and continue to help foster the New Kingdom. After National Labor retained its majority in the parliamentary election that year, he appointed her minister of foreign affairs.<br />
<br />
As foreign minister, Elvensar worked to strengthen cooperation within the [[Common Sphere]], finding a valuable ally in Liberal leader [[Osvald Bjerg]]. She maintained [[Gylias-Delkora relations|good relations with Gylias]], and her visits there as both Chancellor and foreign minister made her one of the most familiar Delkoran politicians to Gylians since Westergaard. <br />
<br />
After her party finally lost its independent majority in the 1975 federal election and was forced to enter into a coalition with the Liberal Party, Elvensar announced her intention to step down from Parliament and was succeeded as foreign minister by Bjerg.<br />
<br />
==Retirement and later years== <br />
In 1977, Elvensar and her husband Otto purchased a small farm in Tjærenbor and retired there, opting to keep out of the public spotlight. She occasionally sat down for television interviews in the late '70s and early '80s and maintained a close friendship with Feldengaard, but otherwise kept a mostly private life. She wrote prolifically during this period on a variety of subjects including politics, philosophy, and popular culture. In 1982, she was interviewed for the DBS documentary series ''A New Kingdom'' (1983).<br />
<br />
Elvensar died at her home on 2 May 1984 at the age of 83 after suffering a pulmonary embolism.<br />
<br />
==Legacy== <br />
Scholars universally credit Elvensar with having an enormous influence on Delkoran politics and economics, with one historian remarking, "It is rare in the history of Delkora for one of its chancellors to have so huge an impact on every facet of public life, from the halls of government to the union hall down the street." Speaking at her funeral, Feldengaard remarked, "The Delkora Mette was born into is unrecognizable from the one she has left behind." <br />
<br />
Elvensar's government is credited with pulling Delkora out of depression and facilitating the largest economic boom in the country's history. The generation that came of age during the height of this boom in the period between 1965 and 1970 is known as the '65 Generation in Delkora, and have been known for their political radicalism, aversion to traditional social institutions such as the [[Nobility of Delkora|nobility]] and organized religion, and {{wp|Cosmopolitanism|cosmopolitanism}}. Their support was a key factor that kept National Labor in power throughout the 1970's. <br />
<br />
Some scholars go so far as to say her reforms saved Delkoran democracy, with one suggesting, "Had Mette's agenda been thwarted, its unlikely parliamentary government would have long survived the growing forces of authoritarian dissent from a far-left and far-right that were both determined to reorder Delkoran society."<br />
<br />
The structural reforms of the Delkoran economy inducted by her government fundamentally changed relations between the government, workers, and employers going forward. The comprehensive welfare state, public ownership of key industries, redistributionist taxation, and commitment to a {{wp|Rehn–Meidner model|gradual}} transition to {{wp|workers' self-management}} that all characterized her New Kingdom program are known abroad as the Delkoran Model. <br />
<br />
A statue of Elvensar was commissioned for the courtyard of the Chancellery Building in 1987. In 1993, a monument to her was dedicated in the town square of Börnendren. Numerous streets, libraries, and government buildings throughout Delkora are named after her. <br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Delkoran politicians]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Mette_Elvensar&diff=308534Mette Elvensar2021-02-06T23:29:36Z<p>Delkora: /* Domestic policy */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox officeholder<br />
|honorific-prefix = {{wp|The Most Honorable}}<br />
|name = Mette Elvensar<br />
|native_name =<br />
|honorific-suffix = {{wp|Order of Chivalry|OKA}}, {{wp|Order of Chivalry|LKV}}, {{wp|Order of Chivalry|ODE}}, {{wp|Order of Chivalry|KC}}<br />
|image = Mme Barbara Castle, Ministre britannique du développement outre-mer.jpg<br />
|imagesize = 230px<br />
|office = [[Chancellor of Delkora]]<br />
|term_start = 8 June 1959<br />
|term_end = 5 June 1967<br />
|monarch = [[Charlotte III]]<br />
|deputy = <br />
|successor = [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]]<br />
|predecessor = [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]<br />
|office2 = [[Cabinet of Delkora|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]<br />
|term_start2 = 5 June 1967<br />
|term_end2 = 2 June 1975<br />
|chancellor2 = Geirbjørn Feldengaard<br />
|successor2 = [[Osvald Bjerg]]<br />
|predecessor2 = Geirbjørn Feldengaard<br />
|office3 = Leader of [[National Labor]]<br />
|term_start3 = 20 August 1948<br />
|term_end3 = 1 May 1967<br />
|successor3 = Geirbjørn Feldengaard<br />
|predecessor3 = [[Jørgen Löfgren]]<br />
|office4 = [[Cabinet of Delkora|Minister of Education]]<br />
|term_start4 = 12 August 1936<br />
|term_end4 = 20 September 1940<br />
|chancellor4 = [[Sofia Westergaard]]<br />
|office5 = [[Cabinet of Delkora|Minister of Agriculture]]<br />
|term_start5 = 12 August 1932<br />
|term_end5 = 12 August 1936<br />
|chancellor5 = Sofia Westergaard<br />
|office6 = Member of the [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Chamber of Representatives]]<br />
|term_start6 = 12 August 1928<br />
|term_end6 = 2 June 1975<br />
|constituency6= Cybria-Southwest<br />
|birth_date = {{birth date|1901|01|07|df=y}}<br />
|death_date = {{death date|1984|05|02|df=y}}<br />
|birth_place = Börnendren, [[Cybria]], [[Delkora]]<br />
|death_place = Tjærenbor, [[Cybria]], [[Delkora]]<br />
|birthname = Margrethe Ellinor Elvensar<br />
|residence = <br />
|alma_mater = Tordenhelm University (B.A., M.L.)<br />
|spouse = Otto Elvensar<br>(m. 1932)<br />
|partner = <br />
|nationality = Delkoran<br />
|occupation = Teacher<br>Politician<br />
|blank1 = <br />
|data1 = <br />
|party = [[National Labor]]<br />
|signature = <br />
<!--Military service--><br />
|allegiance = <br />
|branch = <br />
|serviceyears = <br />
|rank = <br />
|unit = <br />
|commands = <br />
|battles = <br />
|awards = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Margarethe Ellinor Elvensar''' (7 January 1901 – 2 May 1984), better known as '''Mette Elvensar''', was a Delkoran stateswoman, teacher, and political reformist who served as [[Chancellor of Delkora]] from 1959 to 1967. Entering office in the midst of a major economic depression, her government initiated the [[New Kingdom]], an ambitious agenda that sought to begin transitioning the economy toward socialization of economic ownership and laid the foundation for the modern Delkoran {{wp|welfare state}}. <br />
<br />
Although opinions of her tenure vary by political affiliation, Elvensar is almost universally recognized by historians as one of the most effective chancellors in Delkoran history, consistently ranking in the top three of scholarly listings of the most influential chancellors. <br />
<br />
==Early years==<br />
Elvensar was born on a commune in the municipality of Börnendren in southern [[Cybria]] in 1901. Her mother Agnes worked as a tailor in the commune, while her father was a carpenter. While attending secondary school, she was introduced to leftist political philosophy by her mathematics teacher and began closely following local politics. She would later reflect that her experience growing up in a commune profoundly shaped her political outlook, remarking in her autobiography that, "Having seen how well society could function when operating on the principles of subsidiarity, solidarity, and equity as was the case in the communes, I knew upon becoming chancellor that it would be my goal to replicate this on a national scale." <br />
<br />
Elvensar's first political experience came in 1914 when the municipal council of Börnendren voted to seize a major portion of her commune's farmland through {{wp|eminent domain}} for the purpose of building a {{wp|lead smelter}}. Against her parent's wishes, she joined a group of the commune's members in staging an act of civil disobedience, chaining themselves to the fence surrounding the property to prevent the construction crew from gaining entrance. When the police were summoned, a large fight broke out that left dozens severely injured. Elvensar was arrested along with her co-conspirators, but was not charged due to being a minor. Although the commune's act of defiance attracted the attention of local newspapers and gained it sympathy throughout the state, construction of the lead smelter proceeded as planned.<br />
<br />
==University and early career==<br />
After obtaining a scholarship to attend Tordenhelm University, Elvensar began studying economics in 1918. While attending Tordenhelm, she became involved with the United Residents Guild, an anarchist group engaged in {{wp|direct action}} in the city's working class neighborhoods. A self-described {{wp|anarchist without adjectives}} at the time, Elvensar remarked in one interview that, "Up to that point in my life, I had only experienced government as a violent, oppressive force, and so I had no interest in working within the system or waiting on incremental change." After completing her economics degree, she enrolled in the school of law at Tordenhelm, graduating in 1925.<br />
<br />
That year, she returned to Börnendren, where she took up a job as a history teacher at a local secondary school. There, she successfully led efforts at unionizing the school system, and subsequently began working with other organizers in the area to unionize other schools throughout the county. In 1926, teachers in Börnendren and seven other municipalities went on strike and, under Elvensar's leadership, successfully negotiated a major salary and pension increase. <br />
<br />
Elvensar's efforts during the strike gained her significant publicity in the region, and prompted the local [[National Labor]] party organization to approach her about running for office. Still an anarchist, Elvensar later reflected that at the time she believed National Labor to be a corrupt party that was "only marginally better" than the alternatives, but believed it might be possible to radicalize it from within. She subsequently ran for municipal council on the National Labor list in 1927, failing to be seated.<br />
<br />
Nonetheless, she was placed on the ballot for the federal election the following year in her home constituency of Southern Cybria, and won a seat after personally knocking on thousands of doors and making a concerted effort to speak to voters in every city and town in the district.<br />
<br />
==Member of the Federal Parliament==<br />
As a member of parliament, Elvensar served on the Committee on Labor and Pensions and the Education Committee. Early on, she developed a reputation as an independent voice in her party who frequently went against leadership.<br />
<br />
Elvensar quickly emerged as a leader within the Red-Black Faction, a grouping of socialists and anarcho-syndicalists within the National Labor caucus in parliament that actively worked to replace Löfgren and other establishment figures with leftists. She likewise supported the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian Workers' Party]] takeover of the [[Cybria]] National Labor organization and its subsequent reorganization under [[Bjørn Olsen]].<br />
<br />
In part as an effort to appease the rising tide of far-left dissent in the party and co-opt its leadership, Löfgren worked to secure low-ranking ministerial posts for both Elvensar and Feldengaard after the 1932 federal election, when National Labor entered government as the Liberal Party's junior coalition partner. Elvensar subsequently served as minister of agriculture from 1932 to 1936 and was then shifted to the ministry of education in cabinet reshuffle.<br />
<br />
[[File:MetteElvensar1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Elvensar as education minister, 1937]]<br />
<br />
Despite her outspokenness and independent streak, Elvensar got on well with Chancellor [[Sofia Westergaard]], who considered her a valuable ally. Elvensar appreciated Westergaard's "fighting spirit" and was impressed by her role in the [[Blockade of Banderhus]] and the [[Liberal Party split of 1940]]. In a later speech as Chancellor, she praised Westergaard, saying, "This woman was willing to risk the destruction of Delkora itself, and her party as well, over the simple, moral principle that a civilised society must do all it humanly can to prevent misery among its people."<br />
<br />
The 1940 federal election produced a Conservative-Agrarian government, leaving Elvensar in opposition. She spent much of the 1940's as one of the leading voices in her party speaking out against the economic policies of Chancellor Veidnar Albendor. She later cited this time period as the start of her ideological transition from anarchism to {{wpl|democratic socialism}}, saying, "Whereas before I had conceived of government as a necessarily counterrevolutionary force that was to be eventually overcome, I then started to see it as a neutral weapon that would always be wielded against some element of society. My work would be to ensure it was wielded against the banker, the warmonger, and the racist, and not the worker, the disabled, or the migrant."<br />
<br />
Elvensar met her future foreign minister and successor as chancellor, [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]], then a little-known state legislator from [[Førelskov]], in 1940. The two developed a close friendship, with Elvensar providing assistance to Feldengaard and others involved with the effort to oust the state's National Labor establishment. <br />
<br />
After National Labor's poor showing in the 1944 Federal Election, Elvensar challenged Löfgren for party leader, losing narrowly. Continuing to forge relationships with the party's newer, younger cohort, she mounted a successful bid four years later after Löfgren was forced to resign following National Labor's worst showing ever in the 1948 Federal Election. Prevailing over Löfgren's handpicked candidate, Elvensar assumed leadership of National Labor in March of that year.<br />
<br />
==Leader of National Labor==<br />
As leader, one of Elvensar's first initiatives was to implement democratic reforms of the party's internal proceedings. In 1948, she issued a memo calling on National Labor organizations from the national to the local level to open all official proceedings to the public. A rule change she successfully pushed for in 1952 requiring local organizations to elect their leadership brought her into conflict with the National Labor {{wp|political machines}} of the major cities and led to a failed effort by the party bosses of Norenstal, Gothendral, and Tordenhelm to oust her.<br />
<br />
Elvensar made it a priority of her tenure as party leader to rebuild the party's relationship with the labor movement, which had deteriorated under Löfgren's leadership. She developed a cordial relationship with [[Mireli Sørensen]].<br />
<br />
The cumulative effect of these and other initiatives was a strong showing by the party in state and local elections throughout the 1950's. In the aftermath of the [[Economy of Delkora#Economic liberalization and depression|1953 Banking Crisis]] and subsequent depression, Mette became known for her passionate speeches in Parliament denouncing the policies of [[Veidnar Albendor]]'s government. <br />
<br />
By the late 1950s, growing civil unrest had turned into widespread rioting in the major cities, and the [[Labor Underground]] had launched an insurgency. In 1959, Chancellor Hjalmar Madsen was assassinated by a member of the AU, and was succeeded by [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]].<br />
<br />
Sörbengaard's heavy-handed response to May Day protests later that year prompted the [[General Labor Confederation of Delkora|LO]] to launch a general strike, which led to a motion of no confidence against his government and a subsequent snap election. In the [[Delkoran federal election, 1959|resulting election]], National Labor picked up an unprecedented number of seats, winning 243 seats and enabling Elvensar to form a single party government. During the campaign, she met [[Glykera Damonides]], who would become her secretary and closest assistant.<br />
<br />
==Chancellor==<br />
===Domestic policy===<br />
[[File:MetteElvensar2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Elvensar in her chancellery office]]<br />
Shortly after taking office, Elvensar gave a televised national address from the Chancellery Building calling for peace as rioting continued throughout the country. The same day, she lifted the state of emergency that had been in place since 1958 and began withdrawing military forces from the cities, quieting much of the unrest.<br />
<br />
Elvensar's first term was focused on ending the depression and implementing emergency relief measures as part of the first phase of the [[New Kingdom]]. The Emergency Services Act of 1959 provided funding for food, clothing, medicine, and emergency housing for those most in need, primarily in the inner cities and remote rural areas. Her government followed this with direct aid to farmers. Elvensar's government passed federal {{wp|rent regulation|rent controls}} and re-instituted the minimum wage.<br />
<br />
In a televised address in June 1960, she announced the creation of the Federal Public Works Commission, an agency which would provide a national {{wp|job guarantee}} by employing people in the construction of large-scale infrastructure projects. The Commission proved to be successful in reinvigorating the economy, with unemployment falling to 10% by the end of 1960 and 7% the following year.<br />
<br />
The tax code was restructured to be highly progressive and deficit spending was used to stimulate demand.<br />
<br />
During this period, her government led an aggressive nationalization push, bringing failing corporations under government ownership in key industries including finance, energy, and defense. <br />
<br />
With these early actions helping the economy to rebound, National Labor coasted to easy victory in 1963. Elvensar's attention then turned to implementation of more far-reaching "structural changes." Her government introduced the Cooperative Economy Act of 1965, which initiating a gradual process of transitioning to {{wp|workers' self-management}} throughout the economy. The measure was highly controversial at the time and faced court challenges, but was ultimately upheld. <br />
<br />
Economic planning was overseen by the National Industrial Administration and, after Delkora's accession to the Common Sphere, facilitated by the [[Hermes Programme]]. <br />
<br />
Elvensar's second term was characterized by increasing economic growth, reductions in unemployment and inequality, and huge growth in the cooperative sector. While she enjoyed a single-party majority throughout her term in office, Elvensar maintained good relations with the Liberal Party. In a symbolic gesture, she named Westergaard the first chair of the FPWC, in honor of her advocacy of {{wpl|public works}} and {{wpl|economic interventionism}} as Chancellor.<br />
<br />
===Foreign policy===<br />
Although Elvensar's tenure as chancellor was dominated by domestic policy concerns, a number of important foreign policy events occurred while she was in office. She was a staunch advocate of Delkoran membership in the [[Common Sphere]], and vocally campaigned for its accession, which was approved in a [[Delkoran referendum on membership in the Common Sphere, 1965|1965 referedum]]. Her government gave formal diplomatic recognition to [[Gylias]] in the aftermath of the [[Liberation War (Gylias)|Liberation War]] and sought to build [[Gylias-Delkora relations|close relations]].<br />
<br />
==Minister of foreign affairs==<br />
[[File:MetteElvensar3.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Elvensar campaigning with her successor [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]] in 1967]]<br />
In the lead up to the 1967 Federal Election, Elvensar made a surprise announcement that she was stepping down as party leader, and would be endorsing Feldengaard to be her successor. In an interview after the announcement, she stated, "I have achieved what I set out to do as Chancellor. Our country is rising from the depths of economic despair and we have taken the necessary first steps to move our Kingdom toward a just and equitable future." In her personal notes, she reflected that the decision was also based on her personal misgivings about long-serving government officials, writing, "I have no desire to linger in office until I am old, gray, and reactionary." <br />
<br />
In the ensuing leadership election, Feldengaard was elected by an overwhelming majority. Although she was no longer in the spotlight, Elvensar wanted to remain in the cabinet to mentor her successor and continue to help foster the New Kingdom. After National Labor retained its majority in the parliamentary election that year, he appointed her minister of foreign affairs.<br />
<br />
As foreign minister, Elvensar worked to strengthen cooperation within the [[Common Sphere]], finding a valuable ally in Liberal leader [[Osvald Bjerg]]. She maintained [[Gylias-Delkora relations|good relations with Gylias]], and her visits there as both Chancellor and foreign minister made her one of the most familiar Delkoran politicians to Gylians since Westergaard. <br />
<br />
After her party finally lost its independent majority in the 1975 federal election and was forced to enter into a coalition with the Liberal Party, Elvensar announced her intention to step down from Parliament and was succeeded as foreign minister by Bjerg.<br />
<br />
==Retirement and later years== <br />
In 1977, Elvensar and her husband Otto purchased a small farm in Tjærenbor and retired there, opting to keep out of the public spotlight. She occasionally sat down for television interviews in the late '70s and early '80s and maintained a close friendship with Feldengaard, but otherwise kept a mostly private life. She wrote prolifically during this period on a variety of subjects including politics, philosophy, and popular culture. In 1982, she was interviewed for the DBS documentary series ''A New Kingdom'' (1983).<br />
<br />
Elvensar died at her home on 2 May 1984 at the age of 83 after suffering a pulmonary embolism.<br />
<br />
==Legacy== <br />
Scholars universally credit Elvensar with having an enormous influence on Delkoran politics and economics, with one historian remarking, "It is rare in the history of Delkora for one of its chancellors to have so huge an impact on every facet of public life, from the halls of government to the union hall down the street." Speaking at her funeral, Feldengaard remarked, "The Delkora Mette was born into is unrecognizable from the one she has left behind." <br />
<br />
Elvensar's government is credited with pulling Delkora out of depression and facilitating the largest economic boom in the country's history. The generation that came of age during the height of this boom in the period between 1965 and 1970 is known as the '65 Generation in Delkora, and have been known for their political radicalism, aversion to traditional social institutions such as the [[Nobility of Delkora|nobility]] and organized religion, and {{wp|Cosmopolitanism|cosmopolitanism}}. Their support was a key factor that kept National Labor in power throughout the 1970's. <br />
<br />
Some scholars go so far as to say her reforms saved Delkoran democracy, with one suggesting, "Had Mette's agenda been thwarted, its unlikely parliamentary government would have long survived the growing forces of authoritarian dissent from a far-left and far-right that were both determined to reorder Delkoran society."<br />
<br />
The structural reforms of the Delkoran economy inducted by her government fundamentally changed relations between the government, workers, and employers going forward. The comprehensive welfare state, public ownership of key industries, redistributionist taxation, and commitment to a {{wp|Rehn–Meidner model|gradual}} transition to {{wp|workers' self-management}} that all characterized her New Kingdom program are known abroad as the Delkoran Model. <br />
<br />
A statue of Elvensar was commissioned for the courtyard of the Chancellery Building in 1987. In 1993, a monument to her was dedicated in the town square of Börnendren. Numerous streets, libraries, and government buildings throughout Delkora are named after her. <br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Delkoran politicians]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Mette_Elvensar&diff=308531Mette Elvensar2021-02-06T23:16:07Z<p>Delkora: /* Domestic policy */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox officeholder<br />
|honorific-prefix = {{wp|The Most Honorable}}<br />
|name = Mette Elvensar<br />
|native_name =<br />
|honorific-suffix = {{wp|Order of Chivalry|OKA}}, {{wp|Order of Chivalry|LKV}}, {{wp|Order of Chivalry|ODE}}, {{wp|Order of Chivalry|KC}}<br />
|image = Mme Barbara Castle, Ministre britannique du développement outre-mer.jpg<br />
|imagesize = 230px<br />
|office = [[Chancellor of Delkora]]<br />
|term_start = 8 June 1959<br />
|term_end = 5 June 1967<br />
|monarch = [[Charlotte III]]<br />
|deputy = <br />
|successor = [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]]<br />
|predecessor = [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]<br />
|office2 = [[Cabinet of Delkora|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]<br />
|term_start2 = 5 June 1967<br />
|term_end2 = 2 June 1975<br />
|chancellor2 = Geirbjørn Feldengaard<br />
|successor2 = [[Osvald Bjerg]]<br />
|predecessor2 = Geirbjørn Feldengaard<br />
|office3 = Leader of [[National Labor]]<br />
|term_start3 = 20 August 1948<br />
|term_end3 = 1 May 1967<br />
|successor3 = Geirbjørn Feldengaard<br />
|predecessor3 = [[Jørgen Löfgren]]<br />
|office4 = [[Cabinet of Delkora|Minister of Education]]<br />
|term_start4 = 12 August 1936<br />
|term_end4 = 20 September 1940<br />
|chancellor4 = [[Sofia Westergaard]]<br />
|office5 = [[Cabinet of Delkora|Minister of Agriculture]]<br />
|term_start5 = 12 August 1932<br />
|term_end5 = 12 August 1936<br />
|chancellor5 = Sofia Westergaard<br />
|office6 = Member of the [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Chamber of Representatives]]<br />
|term_start6 = 12 August 1928<br />
|term_end6 = 2 June 1975<br />
|constituency6= Cybria-Southwest<br />
|birth_date = {{birth date|1901|01|07|df=y}}<br />
|death_date = {{death date|1984|05|02|df=y}}<br />
|birth_place = Börnendren, [[Cybria]], [[Delkora]]<br />
|death_place = Tjærenbor, [[Cybria]], [[Delkora]]<br />
|birthname = Margrethe Ellinor Elvensar<br />
|residence = <br />
|alma_mater = Tordenhelm University (B.A., M.L.)<br />
|spouse = Otto Elvensar<br>(m. 1932)<br />
|partner = <br />
|nationality = Delkoran<br />
|occupation = Teacher<br>Politician<br />
|blank1 = <br />
|data1 = <br />
|party = [[National Labor]]<br />
|signature = <br />
<!--Military service--><br />
|allegiance = <br />
|branch = <br />
|serviceyears = <br />
|rank = <br />
|unit = <br />
|commands = <br />
|battles = <br />
|awards = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Margarethe Ellinor Elvensar''' (7 January 1901 – 2 May 1984), better known as '''Mette Elvensar''', was a Delkoran stateswoman, teacher, and political reformist who served as [[Chancellor of Delkora]] from 1959 to 1967. Entering office in the midst of a major economic depression, her government initiated the [[New Kingdom]], an ambitious agenda that sought to begin transitioning the economy toward socialization of economic ownership and laid the foundation for the modern Delkoran {{wp|welfare state}}. <br />
<br />
Although opinions of her tenure vary by political affiliation, Elvensar is almost universally recognized by historians as one of the most effective chancellors in Delkoran history, consistently ranking in the top three of scholarly listings of the most influential chancellors. <br />
<br />
==Early years==<br />
Elvensar was born on a commune in the municipality of Börnendren in southern [[Cybria]] in 1901. Her mother Agnes worked as a tailor in the commune, while her father was a carpenter. While attending secondary school, she was introduced to leftist political philosophy by her mathematics teacher and began closely following local politics. She would later reflect that her experience growing up in a commune profoundly shaped her political outlook, remarking in her autobiography that, "Having seen how well society could function when operating on the principles of subsidiarity, solidarity, and equity as was the case in the communes, I knew upon becoming chancellor that it would be my goal to replicate this on a national scale." <br />
<br />
Elvensar's first political experience came in 1914 when the municipal council of Börnendren voted to seize a major portion of her commune's farmland through {{wp|eminent domain}} for the purpose of building a {{wp|lead smelter}}. Against her parent's wishes, she joined a group of the commune's members in staging an act of civil disobedience, chaining themselves to the fence surrounding the property to prevent the construction crew from gaining entrance. When the police were summoned, a large fight broke out that left dozens severely injured. Elvensar was arrested along with her co-conspirators, but was not charged due to being a minor. Although the commune's act of defiance attracted the attention of local newspapers and gained it sympathy throughout the state, construction of the lead smelter proceeded as planned.<br />
<br />
==University and early career==<br />
After obtaining a scholarship to attend Tordenhelm University, Elvensar began studying economics in 1918. While attending Tordenhelm, she became involved with the United Residents Guild, an anarchist group engaged in {{wp|direct action}} in the city's working class neighborhoods. A self-described {{wp|anarchist without adjectives}} at the time, Elvensar remarked in one interview that, "Up to that point in my life, I had only experienced government as a violent, oppressive force, and so I had no interest in working within the system or waiting on incremental change." After completing her economics degree, she enrolled in the school of law at Tordenhelm, graduating in 1925.<br />
<br />
That year, she returned to Börnendren, where she took up a job as a history teacher at a local secondary school. There, she successfully led efforts at unionizing the school system, and subsequently began working with other organizers in the area to unionize other schools throughout the county. In 1926, teachers in Börnendren and seven other municipalities went on strike and, under Elvensar's leadership, successfully negotiated a major salary and pension increase. <br />
<br />
Elvensar's efforts during the strike gained her significant publicity in the region, and prompted the local [[National Labor]] party organization to approach her about running for office. Still an anarchist, Elvensar later reflected that at the time she believed National Labor to be a corrupt party that was "only marginally better" than the alternatives, but believed it might be possible to radicalize it from within. She subsequently ran for municipal council on the National Labor list in 1927, failing to be seated.<br />
<br />
Nonetheless, she was placed on the ballot for the federal election the following year in her home constituency of Southern Cybria, and won a seat after personally knocking on thousands of doors and making a concerted effort to speak to voters in every city and town in the district.<br />
<br />
==Member of the Federal Parliament==<br />
As a member of parliament, Elvensar served on the Committee on Labor and Pensions and the Education Committee. Early on, she developed a reputation as an independent voice in her party who frequently went against leadership.<br />
<br />
Elvensar quickly emerged as a leader within the Red-Black Faction, a grouping of socialists and anarcho-syndicalists within the National Labor caucus in parliament that actively worked to replace Löfgren and other establishment figures with leftists. She likewise supported the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian Workers' Party]] takeover of the [[Cybria]] National Labor organization and its subsequent reorganization under [[Bjørn Olsen]].<br />
<br />
In part as an effort to appease the rising tide of far-left dissent in the party and co-opt its leadership, Löfgren worked to secure low-ranking ministerial posts for both Elvensar and Feldengaard after the 1932 federal election, when National Labor entered government as the Liberal Party's junior coalition partner. Elvensar subsequently served as minister of agriculture from 1932 to 1936 and was then shifted to the ministry of education in cabinet reshuffle.<br />
<br />
[[File:MetteElvensar1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Elvensar as education minister, 1937]]<br />
<br />
Despite her outspokenness and independent streak, Elvensar got on well with Chancellor [[Sofia Westergaard]], who considered her a valuable ally. Elvensar appreciated Westergaard's "fighting spirit" and was impressed by her role in the [[Blockade of Banderhus]] and the [[Liberal Party split of 1940]]. In a later speech as Chancellor, she praised Westergaard, saying, "This woman was willing to risk the destruction of Delkora itself, and her party as well, over the simple, moral principle that a civilised society must do all it humanly can to prevent misery among its people."<br />
<br />
The 1940 federal election produced a Conservative-Agrarian government, leaving Elvensar in opposition. She spent much of the 1940's as one of the leading voices in her party speaking out against the economic policies of Chancellor Veidnar Albendor. She later cited this time period as the start of her ideological transition from anarchism to {{wpl|democratic socialism}}, saying, "Whereas before I had conceived of government as a necessarily counterrevolutionary force that was to be eventually overcome, I then started to see it as a neutral weapon that would always be wielded against some element of society. My work would be to ensure it was wielded against the banker, the warmonger, and the racist, and not the worker, the disabled, or the migrant."<br />
<br />
Elvensar met her future foreign minister and successor as chancellor, [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]], then a little-known state legislator from [[Førelskov]], in 1940. The two developed a close friendship, with Elvensar providing assistance to Feldengaard and others involved with the effort to oust the state's National Labor establishment. <br />
<br />
After National Labor's poor showing in the 1944 Federal Election, Elvensar challenged Löfgren for party leader, losing narrowly. Continuing to forge relationships with the party's newer, younger cohort, she mounted a successful bid four years later after Löfgren was forced to resign following National Labor's worst showing ever in the 1948 Federal Election. Prevailing over Löfgren's handpicked candidate, Elvensar assumed leadership of National Labor in March of that year.<br />
<br />
==Leader of National Labor==<br />
As leader, one of Elvensar's first initiatives was to implement democratic reforms of the party's internal proceedings. In 1948, she issued a memo calling on National Labor organizations from the national to the local level to open all official proceedings to the public. A rule change she successfully pushed for in 1952 requiring local organizations to elect their leadership brought her into conflict with the National Labor {{wp|political machines}} of the major cities and led to a failed effort by the party bosses of Norenstal, Gothendral, and Tordenhelm to oust her.<br />
<br />
Elvensar made it a priority of her tenure as party leader to rebuild the party's relationship with the labor movement, which had deteriorated under Löfgren's leadership. She developed a cordial relationship with [[Mireli Sørensen]].<br />
<br />
The cumulative effect of these and other initiatives was a strong showing by the party in state and local elections throughout the 1950's. In the aftermath of the [[Economy of Delkora#Economic liberalization and depression|1953 Banking Crisis]] and subsequent depression, Mette became known for her passionate speeches in Parliament denouncing the policies of [[Veidnar Albendor]]'s government. <br />
<br />
By the late 1950s, growing civil unrest had turned into widespread rioting in the major cities, and the [[Labor Underground]] had launched an insurgency. In 1959, Chancellor Hjalmar Madsen was assassinated by a member of the AU, and was succeeded by [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]].<br />
<br />
Sörbengaard's heavy-handed response to May Day protests later that year prompted the [[General Labor Confederation of Delkora|LO]] to launch a general strike, which led to a motion of no confidence against his government and a subsequent snap election. In the [[Delkoran federal election, 1959|resulting election]], National Labor picked up an unprecedented number of seats, winning 243 seats and enabling Elvensar to form a single party government. During the campaign, she met [[Glykera Damonides]], who would become her secretary and closest assistant.<br />
<br />
==Chancellor==<br />
===Domestic policy===<br />
[[File:MetteElvensar2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Elvensar in her chancellery office]]<br />
Shortly after taking office, Elvensar gave a televised national address from the Chancellery Building calling for peace as rioting continued throughout the country. The same day, she lifted the state of emergency that had been in place since 1958 and began withdrawing military forces from the cities, quieting much of the unrest.<br />
<br />
Much of Elvensar's first term was focused on ending the depression and implementing emergency relief measures. The Emergency Services Act of 1959 provided funding for food, clothing, medicine, and emergency housing for those most in need, primarily in the inner cities and remote rural areas. Her government followed this with direct aid to farmers. Elvensar's government passed federal {{wp|rent regulation|rent controls}} and re-instituted the minimum wage.<br />
<br />
In a televised address in June 1960, she announced the creation of the Federal Public Works Commission, an agency which would provide a national {{wp|job guarantee}} by employing people in the construction of large-scale infrastructure projects. The Commission proved to be successful in reinvigorating the economy, with unemployment falling to 10% by the end of 1960 and 7% the following year.<br />
<br />
During this period, her government led an aggressive nationalization push, bringing failing corporations under government ownership in key industries including finance, energy, and defense. <br />
<br />
With these early actions helping the economy to rebound, National Labor coasted to easy victory in 1963. Elvensar's attention then turned to implementation of more far-reaching "structural changes." Her government introduced the Cooperative Economy Act of 1965, which initiating a gradual process of transitioning to {{wp|workers' self-management}} throughout the economy. The measure was highly controversial at the time and faced court challenges, but was ultimately upheld. <br />
<br />
Economic planning was overseen by the National Industrial Administration and, after Delkora's accession to the Common Sphere, facilitated by the [[Hermes Programme]]. <br />
<br />
Elvensar's second term was characterized by increasing economic growth, reductions in unemployment and inequality, and huge growth in the cooperative sector. While she enjoyed a single-party majority throughout her term in office, Elvensar maintained good relations with the Liberal Party. In a symbolic gesture, she named Westergaard the first chair of the FPWC, in honor of her advocacy of {{wpl|public works}} and {{wpl|economic interventionism}} as Chancellor.<br />
<br />
===Foreign policy===<br />
Although Elvensar's tenure as chancellor was dominated by domestic policy concerns, a number of important foreign policy events occurred while she was in office. She was a staunch advocate of Delkoran membership in the [[Common Sphere]], and vocally campaigned for its accession, which was approved in a [[Delkoran referendum on membership in the Common Sphere, 1965|1965 referedum]]. Her government gave formal diplomatic recognition to [[Gylias]] in the aftermath of the [[Liberation War (Gylias)|Liberation War]] and sought to build [[Gylias-Delkora relations|close relations]].<br />
<br />
==Minister of foreign affairs==<br />
[[File:MetteElvensar3.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Elvensar campaigning with her successor [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]] in 1967]]<br />
In the lead up to the 1967 Federal Election, Elvensar made a surprise announcement that she was stepping down as party leader, and would be endorsing Feldengaard to be her successor. In an interview after the announcement, she stated, "I have achieved what I set out to do as Chancellor. Our country is rising from the depths of economic despair and we have taken the necessary first steps to move our Kingdom toward a just and equitable future." In her personal notes, she reflected that the decision was also based on her personal misgivings about long-serving government officials, writing, "I have no desire to linger in office until I am old, gray, and reactionary." <br />
<br />
In the ensuing leadership election, Feldengaard was elected by an overwhelming majority. Although she was no longer in the spotlight, Elvensar wanted to remain in the cabinet to mentor her successor and continue to help foster the New Kingdom. After National Labor retained its majority in the parliamentary election that year, he appointed her minister of foreign affairs.<br />
<br />
As foreign minister, Elvensar worked to strengthen cooperation within the [[Common Sphere]], finding a valuable ally in Liberal leader [[Osvald Bjerg]]. She maintained [[Gylias-Delkora relations|good relations with Gylias]], and her visits there as both Chancellor and foreign minister made her one of the most familiar Delkoran politicians to Gylians since Westergaard. <br />
<br />
After her party finally lost its independent majority in the 1975 federal election and was forced to enter into a coalition with the Liberal Party, Elvensar announced her intention to step down from Parliament and was succeeded as foreign minister by Bjerg.<br />
<br />
==Retirement and later years== <br />
In 1977, Elvensar and her husband Otto purchased a small farm in Tjærenbor and retired there, opting to keep out of the public spotlight. She occasionally sat down for television interviews in the late '70s and early '80s and maintained a close friendship with Feldengaard, but otherwise kept a mostly private life. She wrote prolifically during this period on a variety of subjects including politics, philosophy, and popular culture. In 1982, she was interviewed for the DBS documentary series ''A New Kingdom'' (1983).<br />
<br />
Elvensar died at her home on 2 May 1984 at the age of 83 after suffering a pulmonary embolism.<br />
<br />
==Legacy== <br />
Scholars universally credit Elvensar with having an enormous influence on Delkoran politics and economics, with one historian remarking, "It is rare in the history of Delkora for one of its chancellors to have so huge an impact on every facet of public life, from the halls of government to the union hall down the street." Speaking at her funeral, Feldengaard remarked, "The Delkora Mette was born into is unrecognizable from the one she has left behind." <br />
<br />
Elvensar's government is credited with pulling Delkora out of depression and facilitating the largest economic boom in the country's history. The generation that came of age during the height of this boom in the period between 1965 and 1970 is known as the '65 Generation in Delkora, and have been known for their political radicalism, aversion to traditional social institutions such as the [[Nobility of Delkora|nobility]] and organized religion, and {{wp|Cosmopolitanism|cosmopolitanism}}. Their support was a key factor that kept National Labor in power throughout the 1970's. <br />
<br />
Some scholars go so far as to say her reforms saved Delkoran democracy, with one suggesting, "Had Mette's agenda been thwarted, its unlikely parliamentary government would have long survived the growing forces of authoritarian dissent from a far-left and far-right that were both determined to reorder Delkoran society."<br />
<br />
The structural reforms of the Delkoran economy inducted by her government fundamentally changed relations between the government, workers, and employers going forward. The comprehensive welfare state, public ownership of key industries, redistributionist taxation, and commitment to a {{wp|Rehn–Meidner model|gradual}} transition to {{wp|workers' self-management}} that all characterized her New Kingdom program are known abroad as the Delkoran Model. <br />
<br />
A statue of Elvensar was commissioned for the courtyard of the Chancellery Building in 1987. In 1993, a monument to her was dedicated in the town square of Börnendren. Numerous streets, libraries, and government buildings throughout Delkora are named after her. <br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Delkoran politicians]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Mette_Elvensar&diff=308525Mette Elvensar2021-02-06T22:53:32Z<p>Delkora: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox officeholder<br />
|honorific-prefix = {{wp|The Most Honorable}}<br />
|name = Mette Elvensar<br />
|native_name =<br />
|honorific-suffix = {{wp|Order of Chivalry|OKA}}, {{wp|Order of Chivalry|LKV}}, {{wp|Order of Chivalry|ODE}}, {{wp|Order of Chivalry|KC}}<br />
|image = Mme Barbara Castle, Ministre britannique du développement outre-mer.jpg<br />
|imagesize = 230px<br />
|office = [[Chancellor of Delkora]]<br />
|term_start = 8 June 1959<br />
|term_end = 5 June 1967<br />
|monarch = [[Charlotte III]]<br />
|deputy = <br />
|successor = [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]]<br />
|predecessor = [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]<br />
|office2 = [[Cabinet of Delkora|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]<br />
|term_start2 = 5 June 1967<br />
|term_end2 = 2 June 1975<br />
|chancellor2 = Geirbjørn Feldengaard<br />
|successor2 = [[Osvald Bjerg]]<br />
|predecessor2 = Geirbjørn Feldengaard<br />
|office3 = Leader of [[National Labor]]<br />
|term_start3 = 20 August 1948<br />
|term_end3 = 1 May 1967<br />
|successor3 = Geirbjørn Feldengaard<br />
|predecessor3 = [[Jørgen Löfgren]]<br />
|office4 = [[Cabinet of Delkora|Minister of Education]]<br />
|term_start4 = 12 August 1936<br />
|term_end4 = 20 September 1940<br />
|chancellor4 = [[Sofia Westergaard]]<br />
|office5 = [[Cabinet of Delkora|Minister of Agriculture]]<br />
|term_start5 = 12 August 1932<br />
|term_end5 = 12 August 1936<br />
|chancellor5 = Sofia Westergaard<br />
|office6 = Member of the [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Chamber of Representatives]]<br />
|term_start6 = 12 August 1928<br />
|term_end6 = 2 June 1975<br />
|constituency6= Cybria-Southwest<br />
|birth_date = {{birth date|1901|01|07|df=y}}<br />
|death_date = {{death date|1984|05|02|df=y}}<br />
|birth_place = Börnendren, [[Cybria]], [[Delkora]]<br />
|death_place = Tjærenbor, [[Cybria]], [[Delkora]]<br />
|birthname = Margrethe Ellinor Elvensar<br />
|residence = <br />
|alma_mater = Tordenhelm University (B.A., M.L.)<br />
|spouse = Otto Elvensar<br>(m. 1932)<br />
|partner = <br />
|nationality = Delkoran<br />
|occupation = Teacher<br>Politician<br />
|blank1 = <br />
|data1 = <br />
|party = [[National Labor]]<br />
|signature = <br />
<!--Military service--><br />
|allegiance = <br />
|branch = <br />
|serviceyears = <br />
|rank = <br />
|unit = <br />
|commands = <br />
|battles = <br />
|awards = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Margarethe Ellinor Elvensar''' (7 January 1901 – 2 May 1984), better known as '''Mette Elvensar''', was a Delkoran stateswoman, teacher, and political reformist who served as [[Chancellor of Delkora]] from 1959 to 1967. Entering office in the midst of a major economic depression, her government initiated the [[New Kingdom]], an ambitious agenda that sought to begin transitioning the economy toward socialization of economic ownership and laid the foundation for the modern Delkoran {{wp|welfare state}}. <br />
<br />
Although opinions of her tenure vary by political affiliation, Elvensar is almost universally recognized by historians as one of the most effective chancellors in Delkoran history, consistently ranking in the top three of scholarly listings of the most influential chancellors. <br />
<br />
==Early years==<br />
Elvensar was born on a commune in the municipality of Börnendren in southern [[Cybria]] in 1901. Her mother Agnes worked as a tailor in the commune, while her father was a carpenter. While attending secondary school, she was introduced to leftist political philosophy by her mathematics teacher and began closely following local politics. She would later reflect that her experience growing up in a commune profoundly shaped her political outlook, remarking in her autobiography that, "Having seen how well society could function when operating on the principles of subsidiarity, solidarity, and equity as was the case in the communes, I knew upon becoming chancellor that it would be my goal to replicate this on a national scale." <br />
<br />
Elvensar's first political experience came in 1914 when the municipal council of Börnendren voted to seize a major portion of her commune's farmland through {{wp|eminent domain}} for the purpose of building a {{wp|lead smelter}}. Against her parent's wishes, she joined a group of the commune's members in staging an act of civil disobedience, chaining themselves to the fence surrounding the property to prevent the construction crew from gaining entrance. When the police were summoned, a large fight broke out that left dozens severely injured. Elvensar was arrested along with her co-conspirators, but was not charged due to being a minor. Although the commune's act of defiance attracted the attention of local newspapers and gained it sympathy throughout the state, construction of the lead smelter proceeded as planned.<br />
<br />
==University and early career==<br />
After obtaining a scholarship to attend Tordenhelm University, Elvensar began studying economics in 1918. While attending Tordenhelm, she became involved with the United Residents Guild, an anarchist group engaged in {{wp|direct action}} in the city's working class neighborhoods. A self-described {{wp|anarchist without adjectives}} at the time, Elvensar remarked in one interview that, "Up to that point in my life, I had only experienced government as a violent, oppressive force, and so I had no interest in working within the system or waiting on incremental change." After completing her economics degree, she enrolled in the school of law at Tordenhelm, graduating in 1925.<br />
<br />
That year, she returned to Börnendren, where she took up a job as a history teacher at a local secondary school. There, she successfully led efforts at unionizing the school system, and subsequently began working with other organizers in the area to unionize other schools throughout the county. In 1926, teachers in Börnendren and seven other municipalities went on strike and, under Elvensar's leadership, successfully negotiated a major salary and pension increase. <br />
<br />
Elvensar's efforts during the strike gained her significant publicity in the region, and prompted the local [[National Labor]] party organization to approach her about running for office. Still an anarchist, Elvensar later reflected that at the time she believed National Labor to be a corrupt party that was "only marginally better" than the alternatives, but believed it might be possible to radicalize it from within. She subsequently ran for municipal council on the National Labor list in 1927, failing to be seated.<br />
<br />
Nonetheless, she was placed on the ballot for the federal election the following year in her home constituency of Southern Cybria, and won a seat after personally knocking on thousands of doors and making a concerted effort to speak to voters in every city and town in the district.<br />
<br />
==Member of the Federal Parliament==<br />
As a member of parliament, Elvensar served on the Committee on Labor and Pensions and the Education Committee. Early on, she developed a reputation as an independent voice in her party who frequently went against leadership.<br />
<br />
Elvensar quickly emerged as a leader within the Red-Black Faction, a grouping of socialists and anarcho-syndicalists within the National Labor caucus in parliament that actively worked to replace Löfgren and other establishment figures with leftists. She likewise supported the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian Workers' Party]] takeover of the [[Cybria]] National Labor organization and its subsequent reorganization under [[Bjørn Olsen]].<br />
<br />
In part as an effort to appease the rising tide of far-left dissent in the party and co-opt its leadership, Löfgren worked to secure low-ranking ministerial posts for both Elvensar and Feldengaard after the 1932 federal election, when National Labor entered government as the Liberal Party's junior coalition partner. Elvensar subsequently served as minister of agriculture from 1932 to 1936 and was then shifted to the ministry of education in cabinet reshuffle.<br />
<br />
[[File:MetteElvensar1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Elvensar as education minister, 1937]]<br />
<br />
Despite her outspokenness and independent streak, Elvensar got on well with Chancellor [[Sofia Westergaard]], who considered her a valuable ally. Elvensar appreciated Westergaard's "fighting spirit" and was impressed by her role in the [[Blockade of Banderhus]] and the [[Liberal Party split of 1940]]. In a later speech as Chancellor, she praised Westergaard, saying, "This woman was willing to risk the destruction of Delkora itself, and her party as well, over the simple, moral principle that a civilised society must do all it humanly can to prevent misery among its people."<br />
<br />
The 1940 federal election produced a Conservative-Agrarian government, leaving Elvensar in opposition. She spent much of the 1940's as one of the leading voices in her party speaking out against the economic policies of Chancellor Veidnar Albendor. She later cited this time period as the start of her ideological transition from anarchism to {{wpl|democratic socialism}}, saying, "Whereas before I had conceived of government as a necessarily counterrevolutionary force that was to be eventually overcome, I then started to see it as a neutral weapon that would always be wielded against some element of society. My work would be to ensure it was wielded against the banker, the warmonger, and the racist, and not the worker, the disabled, or the migrant."<br />
<br />
Elvensar met her future foreign minister and successor as chancellor, [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]], then a little-known state legislator from [[Førelskov]], in 1940. The two developed a close friendship, with Elvensar providing assistance to Feldengaard and others involved with the effort to oust the state's National Labor establishment. <br />
<br />
After National Labor's poor showing in the 1944 Federal Election, Elvensar challenged Löfgren for party leader, losing narrowly. Continuing to forge relationships with the party's newer, younger cohort, she mounted a successful bid four years later after Löfgren was forced to resign following National Labor's worst showing ever in the 1948 Federal Election. Prevailing over Löfgren's handpicked candidate, Elvensar assumed leadership of National Labor in March of that year.<br />
<br />
==Leader of National Labor==<br />
As leader, one of Elvensar's first initiatives was to implement democratic reforms of the party's internal proceedings. In 1948, she issued a memo calling on National Labor organizations from the national to the local level to open all official proceedings to the public. A rule change she successfully pushed for in 1952 requiring local organizations to elect their leadership brought her into conflict with the National Labor {{wp|political machines}} of the major cities and led to a failed effort by the party bosses of Norenstal, Gothendral, and Tordenhelm to oust her.<br />
<br />
Elvensar made it a priority of her tenure as party leader to rebuild the party's relationship with the labor movement, which had deteriorated under Löfgren's leadership. She developed a cordial relationship with [[Mireli Sørensen]].<br />
<br />
The cumulative effect of these and other initiatives was a strong showing by the party in state and local elections throughout the 1950's. In the aftermath of the [[Economy of Delkora#Economic liberalization and depression|1953 Banking Crisis]] and subsequent depression, Mette became known for her passionate speeches in Parliament denouncing the policies of [[Veidnar Albendor]]'s government. <br />
<br />
By the late 1950s, growing civil unrest had turned into widespread rioting in the major cities, and the [[Labor Underground]] had launched an insurgency. In 1959, Chancellor Hjalmar Madsen was assassinated by a member of the AU, and was succeeded by [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]].<br />
<br />
Sörbengaard's heavy-handed response to May Day protests later that year prompted the [[General Labor Confederation of Delkora|LO]] to launch a general strike, which led to a motion of no confidence against his government and a subsequent snap election. In the [[Delkoran federal election, 1959|resulting election]], National Labor picked up an unprecedented number of seats, winning 243 seats and enabling Elvensar to form a single party government. During the campaign, she met [[Glykera Damonides]], who would become her secretary and closest assistant.<br />
<br />
==Chancellor==<br />
===Domestic policy===<br />
[[File:MetteElvensar2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Elvensar in her chancellery office]]<br />
Shortly after taking office, Elvensar gave a televised national address from the Chancellery Building calling for peace even as rioting continued throughout the country. The same day, she lifted the state of emergency that had been in place since 1958 and ordered the Royal Army garrison in Norenstal to begin demobilizing.<br />
<br />
With civil unrest temporarily quieted by these actions, Elvensar turned her attention to providing emergency relief to those driven into extreme poverty by the depression. The Emergency Services Act of 1959 provided funding for food, clothing, medicine, and emergency housing for those most in need, primarily in the inner cities and remote rural areas. Her government followed this with the Federal Food Security Act, which provided aid for farmers and attempted to raise crop prices to remedy the effects of the major overproduction that had occurred in preceding decades. In early 1960, the Elvensar government passed federal {{wp|rent regulation|rent controls}} and re-instituted the minimum wage.<br />
<br />
Her government also led an aggressive nationalization push, nationalizing failing corporations in key industries including finance, energy, and defense. This led to a major expansion of the Delkoran public sector and prevented the economy from sinking further into depression.<br />
<br />
With these early actions helping to mitigate the worst effects of the depression, Elvensar's attention turned to implementation of more far-reaching reforms. In a televised address in late 1960, she announced the creation of the Federal Public Works Commission, an agency which would provide a national {{wp|job guarantee}} by employing people in the construction of large-scale infrastructure projects such as highways, bridges, dams, hospitals, and airports. The FPWC proved to be successful in reinvigorating the economy, with unemployment falling to 12% by 1961 and 8% the following year.<br />
<br />
With the economy rebounding, Elvensar's [[New Kingdom]] agenda moved to what she called "structural changes." Her government introduced the Cooperative Economy Act of 1965, which would fundamentally change the Delkoran economy by initiating a gradual transition to {{wp|workers' self-management}}. The measure was highly controversial at the time and faced court challenges and resistance from many state governments, but was ultimately upheld. Passage of the CEA vaulted Elvensar and her government into the international spotlight. Leftists throughout [[Tyran]] lauded the New Kingdom as an example of how a liberal democratic state could democratically transition away from capitalism, while those on the right decried what they dubbed Delkora's capitulation to socialism. Domestically, Elvensar's radical agenda energized the National Labor base, helping instigate an increase in voter turnout.<br />
<br />
Elvensar led National Labor to a comfortable re-election in 1963, and her second term was characterised by increasing economic growth, reductions in unemployment and inequality, and the structural changes inaugurated by the CEA.<br />
<br />
While she enjoyed a single-party majority throughout her term in office, Elvensar maintained good relations with the Liberal Party. In a symbolic gesture, she named Westergaard the first chair of the FPWC, in honour of her advocacy of {{wpl|public works}} and {{wpl|economic interventionism}} as Chancellor.<br />
<br />
===Foreign policy===<br />
Although Elvensar's tenure as chancellor was dominated by domestic policy concerns, a number of important foreign policy events occurred while she was in office. She was a staunch advocate of Delkoran membership in the [[Common Sphere]], and vocally campaigned for its accession, which was approved in a [[Delkoran referendum on membership in the Common Sphere, 1965|1965 referedum]]. Her government gave formal diplomatic recognition to [[Gylias]] in the aftermath of the [[Liberation War (Gylias)|Liberation War]] and sought to build [[Gylias-Delkora relations|close relations]].<br />
<br />
==Minister of foreign affairs==<br />
[[File:MetteElvensar3.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Elvensar campaigning with her successor [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]] in 1967]]<br />
In the lead up to the 1967 Federal Election, Elvensar made a surprise announcement that she was stepping down as party leader, and would be endorsing Feldengaard to be her successor. In an interview after the announcement, she stated, "I have achieved what I set out to do as Chancellor. Our country is rising from the depths of economic despair and we have taken the necessary first steps to move our Kingdom toward a just and equitable future." In her personal notes, she reflected that the decision was also based on her personal misgivings about long-serving government officials, writing, "I have no desire to linger in office until I am old, gray, and reactionary." <br />
<br />
In the ensuing leadership election, Feldengaard was elected by an overwhelming majority. Although she was no longer in the spotlight, Elvensar wanted to remain in the cabinet to mentor her successor and continue to help foster the New Kingdom. After National Labor retained its majority in the parliamentary election that year, he appointed her minister of foreign affairs.<br />
<br />
As foreign minister, Elvensar worked to strengthen cooperation within the [[Common Sphere]], finding a valuable ally in Liberal leader [[Osvald Bjerg]]. She maintained [[Gylias-Delkora relations|good relations with Gylias]], and her visits there as both Chancellor and foreign minister made her one of the most familiar Delkoran politicians to Gylians since Westergaard. <br />
<br />
After her party finally lost its independent majority in the 1975 federal election and was forced to enter into a coalition with the Liberal Party, Elvensar announced her intention to step down from Parliament and was succeeded as foreign minister by Bjerg.<br />
<br />
==Retirement and later years== <br />
In 1977, Elvensar and her husband Otto purchased a small farm in Tjærenbor and retired there, opting to keep out of the public spotlight. She occasionally sat down for television interviews in the late '70s and early '80s and maintained a close friendship with Feldengaard, but otherwise kept a mostly private life. She wrote prolifically during this period on a variety of subjects including politics, philosophy, and popular culture. In 1982, she was interviewed for the DBS documentary series ''A New Kingdom'' (1983).<br />
<br />
Elvensar died at her home on 2 May 1984 at the age of 83 after suffering a pulmonary embolism.<br />
<br />
==Legacy== <br />
Scholars universally credit Elvensar with having an enormous influence on Delkoran politics and economics, with one historian remarking, "It is rare in the history of Delkora for one of its chancellors to have so huge an impact on every facet of public life, from the halls of government to the union hall down the street." Speaking at her funeral, Feldengaard remarked, "The Delkora Mette was born into is unrecognizable from the one she has left behind." <br />
<br />
Elvensar's government is credited with pulling Delkora out of depression and facilitating the largest economic boom in the country's history. The generation that came of age during the height of this boom in the period between 1965 and 1970 is known as the '65 Generation in Delkora, and have been known for their political radicalism, aversion to traditional social institutions such as the [[Nobility of Delkora|nobility]] and organized religion, and {{wp|Cosmopolitanism|cosmopolitanism}}. Their support was a key factor that kept National Labor in power throughout the 1970's. <br />
<br />
Some scholars go so far as to say her reforms saved Delkoran democracy, with one suggesting, "Had Mette's agenda been thwarted, its unlikely parliamentary government would have long survived the growing forces of authoritarian dissent from a far-left and far-right that were both determined to reorder Delkoran society."<br />
<br />
The structural reforms of the Delkoran economy inducted by her government fundamentally changed relations between the government, workers, and employers going forward. The comprehensive welfare state, public ownership of key industries, redistributionist taxation, and commitment to a {{wp|Rehn–Meidner model|gradual}} transition to {{wp|workers' self-management}} that all characterized her New Kingdom program are known abroad as the Delkoran Model. <br />
<br />
A statue of Elvensar was commissioned for the courtyard of the Chancellery Building in 1987. In 1993, a monument to her was dedicated in the town square of Börnendren. Numerous streets, libraries, and government buildings throughout Delkora are named after her. <br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Delkoran politicians]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Delkoran_federal_election,_1959&diff=308514Delkoran federal election, 19592021-02-06T21:58:48Z<p>Delkora: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox election<br />
| election_name = Delkoran federal election, 1959<br />
| country = Delkora<br />
| flag_year = <br />
| flag_image = Flag of Delkora.png<br />
| type = Parliamentary<br />
| vote_type = Popular<br />
| ongoing = No<br />
| party_colour = <br />
| party_name = <br />
| alliance_name = <br />
| previous_election = Delkoran federal election, 1956<br />
| previous_year = 1956<br />
| outgoing_members = <br />
| election_date = 7 June 1959<br />
| elected_members = <br />
| next_election = Delkoran federal election, 1963<br />
| next_year = 1963<br />
| votes_for_election= <br />
| needed_votes = <br />
| seats_for_election= All 425 seats of the [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Chamber of Representatives]]<br />
| majority_seats = 213<br />
| opinion_polls = <br />
| registered = 58,923,446<br />
| turnout = 48,317,725 (82%)<br />
| votes_counted = <!-- Use ONE out of votes_counted, reporting or declared, do not include percentage (%) sign--><br />
| reporting = <!-- Use ONE out of votes_counted, reporting or declared, do not include percentage (%) sign--><br />
| declared = <!-- Use ONE out of votes_counted, reporting or declared, do not include percentage (%) sign--><br />
| last_update = <br />
| time_zone = <br />
| image_upright = <br />
<br />
<!-- person 1 --><br />
| image1 = [[File:Mme Barbara Castle, Ministre britannique du développement outre-mer.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour1 = FF0000<br />
| nominee1 =<br />
| candidate1 = <br />
| leader1 = [[Mette Elvensar]]<br />
| party1 = [[National Labor]]<br />
| alliance1 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since1 = 1948<br />
| leaders_seat1 = Cybria-Southwest<br />
| last_election1 = <br />
| seats_before1 = 110<br />
| seats_needed1 = <br />
| seats1 = 243<br />
| seats_after1 = <br />
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 133<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote1 = 27,057,621<br />
| percentage1 = 56%<br />
| swing1 = <br />
<br />
<!-- person 2 --><br />
| image2 = [[File:SofiaWestergaard.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour2 = FFFF00<br />
| nominee2 =<br />
| candidate2 = <br />
| leader2 = [[Sofia Westergaard]]<br />
| party2 = [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal]]<br />
| alliance2 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since2 = 1932<br />
| leaders_seat2 = Førelskov-Central<br />
| last_election2 = <br />
| seats_before2 = 86<br />
| seats_needed2 = <br />
| seats2 = 77<br />
| seats_after2 = <br />
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 9<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote2 = 8,213,513<br />
| percentage2 = 17%<br />
| swing2 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 3 --><br />
| image3 = [[File:Steingrímur Steinþórsson.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour3 = 3D428B<br />
| nominee3 =<br />
| candidate3 = <br />
| leader3 = [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]<br />
| party3 = [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]]<br />
| alliance3 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since3 = 1959<br />
| leaders_seat3 = Banderhus-Southeast<br />
| last_election3 = <br />
| seats_before3 = 123<br />
| seats_needed3 = <br />
| seats3 = 54<br />
| seats_after3 = <br />
| seat_change3 = {{decrease}} 69<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote3 = 5,795,423<br />
| percentage3 = 12%<br />
| swing3 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 4 --><br />
| image4 = [[File:Aksel Larsen c 1959.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour4 = A52A2A<br />
| nominee4 =<br />
| candidate4 = <br />
| leader4 = [[Einar Markussen]]<br />
| party4 = [[Communist Party of Delkora]]<br />
| alliance4 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since4 = 1952<br />
| leaders_seat4 = Norenstal-South<br />
| last_election4 = <br />
| seats_before4 = 14<br />
| seats_needed4 = <br />
| seats4 = 23<br />
| seats_after4 = <br />
| seat_change4 = {{increase}} 9<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote4 = 3,575,948<br />
| percentage4 = 7.39%<br />
| swing4 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 5 --><br />
| image5 = [[File:Hans hedtoft.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour5 = 9400D3<br />
| nominee5 =<br />
| candidate5 = <br />
| leader5 = [[Otto Elkjær]]<br />
| party5 = [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian]]<br />
| alliance5 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since5 = 1956<br />
| leaders_seat5 = Southern Norvia<br />
| last_election5 = <br />
| seats_before5 = 68<br />
| seats_needed5 = <br />
| seats5 = 17<br />
| seats_after5 = <br />
| seat_change5 = {{decrease}} 51<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote5 = 1,932,509<br />
| percentage5 = 4%<br />
| swing5 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 6 --><br />
| image6 = [[File:Rolf Jørgen Fuglesang.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour6 = 000000<br />
| nominee6 =<br />
| candidate6 = <br />
| leader6 = [[Verner Mørk]]<br />
| party6 = [[List of political parties in Delkora|National Revival]]<br />
| alliance6 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since6 = 1958<br />
| leaders_seat6 = N/A<br />
| last_election6 = <br />
| seats_before6 = ''Did not contest''<br />
| seats_needed6 = <br />
| seats6 = 7<br />
| seats_after6 = <br />
| seat_change6 = {{increase}} 7<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote6 = 724,565<br />
| percentage6 = 1.5%<br />
| swing6 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 7 --><br />
| image7 = [[File:Jakov Blažević.jpg|110x110px]]<br />
| colour7 = ffa500<br />
| nominee7 =<br />
| candidate7 = <br />
| leader7 = [[Hávarður Arge]]<br />
| party7 = [[List of political parties in Delkora|Lebøvian People's Party]]<br />
| alliance7 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since7 = 1948<br />
| leaders_seat7 = Lebøvenland At-Large<br />
| last_election7 = <br />
| seats_before7 = 2<br />
| seats_needed7 = <br />
| seats7 = 4<br />
| seats_after7 = <br />
| seat_change7 = {{increase}} 2<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote7 = 356,895<br />
| percentage7 = 0.74%<br />
| swing7 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 8 --><br />
| image8 = [[File:Reino-Oittinen-1969.jpg|110x110px]]<br />
| colour8 = 6495ED<br />
| nominee8 =<br />
| candidate8 = <br />
| leader8 = [[Arvid Kruse]]<br />
| party8 = [[List of political parties in Delkora|The Moderates]]<br />
| alliance8 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since8 = 1956<br />
| leaders_seat8 = Cybria-Central<br />
| last_election8 = <br />
| seats_before8 = 22<br />
| seats_needed8 = <br />
| seats8 = 0<br />
| seats_after8 = <br />
| seat_change8 = {{decrease}} 22<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote8 = 39,978<br />
| percentage8 = 0.08%<br />
| swing8 =<br />
<br />
<!-- auxiliary rows --><br />
| 1blank = <br />
| 1data1 = <br />
| 1data2 = <br />
| 2blank = <br />
| 2data1 = <br />
| 2data2 = <br />
<br />
<!-- map --><br />
| map_image = <br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
<br />
<!-- bottom --><br />
| title = [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]]<br />
| before_election = [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]<br />
| before_party = [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]] <br />
| posttitle = Elected [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]]<br />
| after_election = [[Mette Elvensar]]<br />
| after_party = [[National Labor]] <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''1959 Delkoran federal election''' occurred on 7 June 1959 after a successful motion of no confidence against the government of [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]. The election resulted in a landslide victory for [[National Labor]], which won a rare outright majority. The resulting government led by [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]] [[Mette Elvensar]] began implementation of the [[New Kingdom]] reforms, which would radically restructure the Delkoran economy. <br />
<br />
The election marked the beginning of the so-called National Labor Hegemony, a term used to describe the period from 1959 to around 1975, when National Labor was dominant in Delkoran politics at the federal, state, and local levels. <br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The late 1950's were characterized by widespread civil unrest in the major cities as people unsatisfied with the Conservative government's handling of the ongoing economic depression took to the streets in protest. Rioting, combined with targeted bombings carried out by the [[Labor Underground]], prompted [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]] [[Hjalmar Madsen]] to declare a state of emergency in 1958 and order the [[Federal Police (Delkora)|Federal Police]] to begin arresting the far-left activists responsible for organizing the protests. <br />
<br />
This escalation prompted retaliatory strikes from several labor unions and led the [[General Labor Confederation of Delkora]] (LO) to call for Madsen's resignation and threaten a {{wp|general strike}}. [[National Labor]] leader [[Mette Elvensar]] spoke in support of the LO, and continued to promote her party's [[New Kingdom]] program as an alternative to Madsen's austerity policies. <br />
<br />
Following the assassination of Madsen in February 1959, he was succeeded as chancellor by [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]. Almost immediately upon taking office, Sörbengaard faced calls to dissolve parliament and call an early election. He rejected these demands, largely maintaining the hardline stance of his predecessor. In a televised speech after being sworn in, he vowed to "restore law and order." Still, his support quickly began to erode as the situation in the cities continued to deteriorate. <br />
<br />
A turning point came on 1 May, when [[Royal Delkoran Armed Forces|Home Guard]] soldiers attempted to disperse Labor Day demonstrations in several major cities at Sörbengaard's direction, leading to hundreds of arrests and injuries. The following day, the LO voted to authorize a general strike. <br />
<br />
The militancy of the general strike prompted the swift collapse of Sörbengaard's parliamentary majority. With economic activity virtually ground to a halt by striking workers seizing control of businesses and shipyards, idling factories, and blocking off highways, Sörbengaard was forced to resign after a vote of no confidence on 15 May. Parliament was dissolved later that day and an election was scheduled for 7 June.<br />
<br />
==Campaign==<br />
In contrast to previous federal election campaigns, National Labor devoted considerable resources to the rural southern states, campaigning on a slogan of ''Hver by, hvert amt, hver arbejder'' ("Every city, every county, every worker"). In particular, the party focused on the small towns and villages that had historically voted for the Conservatives or Agrarians, but which had been devastated by the depression. Elvensar held a series of town halls in these areas that, on account of her personal charm and frankness, helped endear the party to rural voters. Elvensar spoke at major rallies in Tordenhelm, Grafholmen, and Izenhoth the week before the election, all attracting crowds of over 25,000. <br />
<br />
While Elvensar campaigned in the south, deputy National Labor leader [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]] worked to mobilize the party's traditional urban base in the north, walking picket lines with striking steel workers in Halmodryn and Fjødonor and holding rallies in [[Norenstal]], Tybenhoth, and Abenvard.<br />
<br />
The Liberal Party, led by [[Sofia Westergaard]], who had a close working relationship with Elvensar, campaigned in coordination with National Labor and announced early on that it would support a National Labor government if necessary. The party focused most of its efforts on suburban areas, where National Labor was weak and where it could pick up seats from the Conservatives. Westergaard and Elvensar made a number of notable appearances together throughout the campaign. <br />
<br />
The Conservatives, Agrarians, and Moderates largely focused on defending their traditional strongholds, with Sörbengaard privately acknowledging that the cities were a lost cause. Sörbengaard himself spent most of his time campaigning in Banderhus, hoping to turn out the Conservative base in large numbers.<br />
<br />
A single party leaders' debate was hosted on May 31 on the campus of Gothendral University, featuring Elvensar, Westergaard, Sörbengaard, and Markussen. It resulted in negative publicity for Sörbengaard, who struggled to defend his government's economic policies and was attacked over his heavy-handed response to the Labor Day rallies. Markussen sought to use the debate to distinguish the [[Communist Party of Delkora]] from National Labor, criticizing the New Kingdom program for not going far enough. <br />
<br />
A notable moment during the debate involved a question posed to both Elvensar and Markussen about the [[Labor Underground]]; while Elvensar strongly disavowed the organization, Markussen gave an ambiguous answer that was widely criticized within the press.<br />
<br />
==Opinion polling==<br />
Numerous polls were conducted in the run-up to the election, all predicting a large seat gain for National Labor and showing that a large plurality of voters preferred Elvensar to be the next chancellor. Westergaard's numbers remained high on account of her strong personal popularity, and she consistently remained a distant second behind Elvensar, while Sörbengaard's numbers continually declined throughout the campaign. <br />
<br />
===Preferred Chancellor===<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%;line-height:14px"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Date(s)<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Polling organization<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Sample size<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Elvensar<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Westergaard<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Sörbengaard<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Markussen<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Elkjær<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Kruse<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Arge<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Other<br />
|-<br />
| May 16-18<br />
| University of Norenstal<br />
| 2,551<br />
| 42.5%<br />
| 25.1%<br />
| 15.1%<br />
| 10.6%<br />
| 3.2%<br />
| 1.4%<br />
| 0.1%<br />
| 2%<br />
|-<br />
| May 24-27<br />
| Ibsen Gruppe<br />
| 3,502<br />
| 45.6%<br />
| 24.2%<br />
| 14.2%<br />
| 12.7%<br />
| 2.3%<br />
| 0.3%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
| 1.6%<br />
|-<br />
| June 1-2<br />
| Eracuran Policy Institute<br />
| 2,708<br />
| 50.7%<br />
| 23.9%<br />
| 10.8%<br />
| 13.9%<br />
| 1.4%<br />
| 0.2%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Party preference===<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%;line-height:14px"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Date(s)<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Polling organization<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Sample size<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| National Labor<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Liberal<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Conservative<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Communist<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Agrarian<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Moderate<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Lebøvian<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Other<br />
|-<br />
| May 16-18<br />
| University of Norenstal<br />
| 2,551<br />
| 39.6%<br />
| 20.3%<br />
| 16.4%<br />
| 14.9%<br />
| 3.4%<br />
| 1.1%<br />
| 0.1%<br />
| 4.2%<br />
|-<br />
| May 24-27<br />
| Ibsen Gruppe<br />
| 3,502<br />
| 43.2%<br />
| 16.4%<br />
| 14.5%<br />
| 13.7%<br />
| 2.3%<br />
| 0.7%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
| 3.6%<br />
|-<br />
| June 1-2<br />
| Eracuran Policy Institute<br />
| 2,708<br />
| 46.2%<br />
| 19.7%<br />
| 12.3%<br />
| 16.9%<br />
| 5.2%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Results==<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right<br />
|-<br />
|+ {{resize|95%|Summary of the 7 June 1959 Delkoran federal election results}}<br />
|-<br />
<!-- !colspan="7"|[[File::Norway Storting 2017.svg|350px]] --><br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="width:230px"| Party<br />
!colspan=3| Votes<br />
!colspan=2| Seats<br />
|-<br />
!style="width:75px"| #<br />
!style="width:50px"| %<br />
!style="width:50px"| ±<br />
!style="width:50px"| #<br />
!style="width:50px"| ±<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#FF0000"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[National Labor]] (A)<br />
|27,057,621<br />
|56.00% <br />
|≠<br />
|243<br />
|<span style="color:green">+133</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#FFFF00"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal Party]] (L)<br />
|8,213,513<br />
|17.00%<br />
|≠<br />
|77<br />
|<span style="color:red">-9</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#3D428B"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative Party]] (K)<br />
|5,795,423<br />
|12.00%<br />
|≠<br />
|54<br />
|<span style="color:red">-69</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#A52A2A"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[Communist Party of Delkora]] (C)<br />
|3,575,948<br />
|7.39%<br />
|≠<br />
|23<br />
|<span style="color:green">+9</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#9400D3"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian Party]] (B)<br />
|1,932,509<br />
|4.00%<br />
|≠<br />
|17<br />
|<span style="color:red">-51</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#000000"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|National Revival]] (Ɲ)<br />
|724,565<br />
|1.50%<br />
|≠<br />
|7<br />
|<span style="color:green">+7</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#FFA500"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|Lebøvian People's Party]] (Ð)<br />
|356,895<br />
|0.74%<br />
|≠<br />
|4<br />
|<span style="color:green">+2</span><br />
|-<br />
|colspan="7" style="background: #E9E9E9"|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#8B4513"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|Free Republicans]] (Y)<br />
|298,594<br />
|0.62%<br />
|≠<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#990000"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|United Leftist Front]] (V)<br />
|246,283<br />
|0.51%<br />
|≠<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#0198E1"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|Traditionalist League]] (N)<br />
|73,294<br />
|0.15%<br />
|≠<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#6495ED"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|The Moderates]] (M)<br />
|39,978<br />
|0.08%<br />
|≠<br />
|0<br />
|<span style="color:red">-22</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:{{template:Independent politician/meta/color}}|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"|{{wpl|Independent politician|Independent lists}}<br />
|3,102<br />
|>0.01%<br />
|≠<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2 style=text-align:left;width:200px| Totals<br />
!style=text-align:right;width:75px| 48,317,725<br />
!style=text-align:right;width:50px| 100%<br />
!style=text-align:right;width:50px| –<br />
!style=text-align:right;width:50px| 425<br />
!style=text-align:right;width:50px| ±0<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=2 style=text-align:left| Registered voters/turnout<br />
| style=text-align:right| 58,923,446<br />
| style=text-align:right| 82.00%<br />
| style=text-align:right| +?<br />
| style=text-align:right| –<br />
| style=text-align:right| –<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=7 style="text-align:left;"|Source: [[Delkoran administrative agencies#Autonomous agencies|Federal Electoral Commission]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Analysis===<br />
Most news outlets had called the election in favor of National Labor early on election night based on exit polls which suggested the party was headed toward a majority. Early returns from the southern states appeared to confirm this, as the Conservatives trailed National Labor and the Liberals even in rural areas, while the Agrarians were virtually wiped out in many counties, and the Moderates failed to win any seats. This, combined with a strong early showing by the Liberals in northern suburban areas, resulted in a severe deficit that the Conservatives were unable to overcome. <br />
<br />
Shortly before midnight, with the Conservatives trailing National Labor in Banderhus, Sörbengaard delivered a brief concession speech outside Conservative Party headquarters in Norenstal. An hour later, Elvensar gave a speech before a crowd of several hundred National Labor supporters outside the LO office. Results from the northern states continued to filter in throughout the night and early the next morning, with the Federal Electoral Commission certifying the final results just after noon the following day.<br />
<br />
As expected, National Labor made history by becoming the first party since the introduction of proportional representation in 1884 to win an independent majority. Additionally, it became the first and currently only party to have ever won the popular vote in every state in a federal election. Despite losing a number of seats, the Liberals performed better than expected, which is often attributed to Westergaard's personal popularity. The Conservatives suffered severe losses in almost every constituency.<br />
<br />
==Aftermath==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]<br />
<br />
{{Template:Delkoran elections}}</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Delkoran_federal_election,_1959&diff=308513Delkoran federal election, 19592021-02-06T21:57:05Z<p>Delkora: /* Results */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox election<br />
| election_name = Delkoran federal election, 1959<br />
| country = Delkora<br />
| flag_year = <br />
| flag_image = Flag of Delkora.png<br />
| type = Parliamentary<br />
| vote_type = Popular<br />
| ongoing = No<br />
| party_colour = <br />
| party_name = <br />
| alliance_name = <br />
| previous_election = Delkoran federal election, 1956<br />
| previous_year = 1956<br />
| outgoing_members = <br />
| election_date = 7 June 1959<br />
| elected_members = <br />
| next_election = Delkoran federal election, 1963<br />
| next_year = 1963<br />
| votes_for_election= <br />
| needed_votes = <br />
| seats_for_election= All 425 seats of the [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Chamber of Representatives]]<br />
| majority_seats = 213<br />
| opinion_polls = <br />
| registered = 58,923,446<br />
| turnout = 48,317,725 (82%)<br />
| votes_counted = <!-- Use ONE out of votes_counted, reporting or declared, do not include percentage (%) sign--><br />
| reporting = <!-- Use ONE out of votes_counted, reporting or declared, do not include percentage (%) sign--><br />
| declared = <!-- Use ONE out of votes_counted, reporting or declared, do not include percentage (%) sign--><br />
| last_update = <br />
| time_zone = <br />
| image_upright = <br />
<br />
<!-- person 1 --><br />
| image1 = [[File:Mme Barbara Castle, Ministre britannique du développement outre-mer.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour1 = FF0000<br />
| nominee1 =<br />
| candidate1 = <br />
| leader1 = [[Mette Elvensar]]<br />
| party1 = [[National Labor]]<br />
| alliance1 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since1 = 1948<br />
| leaders_seat1 = Cybria-Southwest<br />
| last_election1 = <br />
| seats_before1 = 110<br />
| seats_needed1 = <br />
| seats1 = 243<br />
| seats_after1 = <br />
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 133<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote1 = 27,057,621<br />
| percentage1 = 56%<br />
| swing1 = <br />
<br />
<!-- person 2 --><br />
| image2 = [[File:SofiaWestergaard.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour2 = FFFF00<br />
| nominee2 =<br />
| candidate2 = <br />
| leader2 = [[Sofia Westergaard]]<br />
| party2 = [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal]]<br />
| alliance2 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since2 = 1932<br />
| leaders_seat2 = Førelskov-Central<br />
| last_election2 = <br />
| seats_before2 = 86<br />
| seats_needed2 = <br />
| seats2 = 77<br />
| seats_after2 = <br />
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 9<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote2 = 8,213,513<br />
| percentage2 = 17%<br />
| swing2 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 3 --><br />
| image3 = [[File:Steingrímur Steinþórsson.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour3 = 3D428B<br />
| nominee3 =<br />
| candidate3 = <br />
| leader3 = [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]<br />
| party3 = [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]]<br />
| alliance3 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since3 = 1959<br />
| leaders_seat3 = Banderhus-Southeast<br />
| last_election3 = <br />
| seats_before3 = 123<br />
| seats_needed3 = <br />
| seats3 = 54<br />
| seats_after3 = <br />
| seat_change3 = {{decrease}} 69<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote3 = 5,795,423<br />
| percentage3 = 12%<br />
| swing3 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 4 --><br />
| image4 = [[File:Aksel Larsen c 1959.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour4 = A52A2A<br />
| nominee4 =<br />
| candidate4 = <br />
| leader4 = [[Einar Markussen]]<br />
| party4 = [[Communist Party of Delkora]]<br />
| alliance4 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since4 = 1952<br />
| leaders_seat4 = Norenstal-South<br />
| last_election4 = <br />
| seats_before4 = 14<br />
| seats_needed4 = <br />
| seats4 = 23<br />
| seats_after4 = <br />
| seat_change4 = {{increase}} 9<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote4 = 2,902,963<br />
| percentage4 = 6%<br />
| swing4 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 5 --><br />
| image5 = [[File:Hans hedtoft.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour5 = 9400D3<br />
| nominee5 =<br />
| candidate5 = <br />
| leader5 = [[Otto Elkjær]]<br />
| party5 = [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian]]<br />
| alliance5 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since5 = 1956<br />
| leaders_seat5 = Southern Norvia<br />
| last_election5 = <br />
| seats_before5 = 68<br />
| seats_needed5 = <br />
| seats5 = 17<br />
| seats_after5 = <br />
| seat_change5 = {{decrease}} 51<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote5 = 1,932,509<br />
| percentage5 = 4%<br />
| swing5 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 6 --><br />
| image6 = [[File:Rolf Jørgen Fuglesang.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
| colour6 = 000000<br />
| nominee6 =<br />
| candidate6 = <br />
| leader6 = [[Verner Mørk]]<br />
| party6 = [[List of political parties in Delkora|National Revival]]<br />
| alliance6 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since6 = 1958<br />
| leaders_seat6 = N/A<br />
| last_election6 = <br />
| seats_before6 = ''Did not contest''<br />
| seats_needed6 = <br />
| seats6 = 7<br />
| seats_after6 = <br />
| seat_change6 = {{increase}} 7<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote6 = 724,565<br />
| percentage6 = 1.5%<br />
| swing6 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 7 --><br />
| image7 = [[File:Jakov Blažević.jpg|110x110px]]<br />
| colour7 = ffa500<br />
| nominee7 =<br />
| candidate7 = <br />
| leader7 = [[Hávarður Arge]]<br />
| party7 = [[List of political parties in Delkora|Lebøvian People's Party]]<br />
| alliance7 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since7 = 1948<br />
| leaders_seat7 = Lebøvenland At-Large<br />
| last_election7 = <br />
| seats_before7 = 2<br />
| seats_needed7 = <br />
| seats7 = 4<br />
| seats_after7 = <br />
| seat_change7 = {{increase}} 2<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote7 = 356,895<br />
| percentage7 = 0.74%<br />
| swing7 =<br />
<br />
<!-- person 8 --><br />
| image8 = [[File:Reino-Oittinen-1969.jpg|110x110px]]<br />
| colour8 = 6495ED<br />
| nominee8 =<br />
| candidate8 = <br />
| leader8 = [[Arvid Kruse]]<br />
| party8 = [[List of political parties in Delkora|The Moderates]]<br />
| alliance8 = <br />
<br />
<!-- legislative or parliamentary --><br />
| leader_since8 = 1956<br />
| leaders_seat8 = Cybria-Central<br />
| last_election8 = <br />
| seats_before8 = 22<br />
| seats_needed8 = <br />
| seats8 = 0<br />
| seats_after8 = <br />
| seat_change8 = {{decrease}} 22<br />
<br />
<!-- any --><br />
| popular_vote8 = 5,773<br />
| percentage8 = 0.01%<br />
| swing8 =<br />
<br />
<!-- auxiliary rows --><br />
| 1blank = <br />
| 1data1 = <br />
| 1data2 = <br />
| 2blank = <br />
| 2data1 = <br />
| 2data2 = <br />
<br />
<!-- map --><br />
| map_image = <br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
<br />
<!-- bottom --><br />
| title = [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]]<br />
| before_election = [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]<br />
| before_party = [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative]] <br />
| posttitle = Elected [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]]<br />
| after_election = [[Mette Elvensar]]<br />
| after_party = [[National Labor]] <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''1959 Delkoran federal election''' occurred on 7 June 1959 after a successful motion of no confidence against the government of [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]. The election resulted in a landslide victory for [[National Labor]], which won a rare outright majority. The resulting government led by [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]] [[Mette Elvensar]] began implementation of the [[New Kingdom]] reforms, which would radically restructure the Delkoran economy. <br />
<br />
The election marked the beginning of the so-called National Labor Hegemony, a term used to describe the period from 1959 to around 1975, when National Labor was dominant in Delkoran politics at the federal, state, and local levels. <br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The late 1950's were characterized by widespread civil unrest in the major cities as people unsatisfied with the Conservative government's handling of the ongoing economic depression took to the streets in protest. Rioting, combined with targeted bombings carried out by the [[Labor Underground]], prompted [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]] [[Hjalmar Madsen]] to declare a state of emergency in 1958 and order the [[Federal Police (Delkora)|Federal Police]] to begin arresting the far-left activists responsible for organizing the protests. <br />
<br />
This escalation prompted retaliatory strikes from several labor unions and led the [[General Labor Confederation of Delkora]] (LO) to call for Madsen's resignation and threaten a {{wp|general strike}}. [[National Labor]] leader [[Mette Elvensar]] spoke in support of the LO, and continued to promote her party's [[New Kingdom]] program as an alternative to Madsen's austerity policies. <br />
<br />
Following the assassination of Madsen in February 1959, he was succeeded as chancellor by [[Thalbius Sörbengaard]]. Almost immediately upon taking office, Sörbengaard faced calls to dissolve parliament and call an early election. He rejected these demands, largely maintaining the hardline stance of his predecessor. In a televised speech after being sworn in, he vowed to "restore law and order." Still, his support quickly began to erode as the situation in the cities continued to deteriorate. <br />
<br />
A turning point came on 1 May, when [[Royal Delkoran Armed Forces|Home Guard]] soldiers attempted to disperse Labor Day demonstrations in several major cities at Sörbengaard's direction, leading to hundreds of arrests and injuries. The following day, the LO voted to authorize a general strike. <br />
<br />
The militancy of the general strike prompted the swift collapse of Sörbengaard's parliamentary majority. With economic activity virtually ground to a halt by striking workers seizing control of businesses and shipyards, idling factories, and blocking off highways, Sörbengaard was forced to resign after a vote of no confidence on 15 May. Parliament was dissolved later that day and an election was scheduled for 7 June.<br />
<br />
==Campaign==<br />
In contrast to previous federal election campaigns, National Labor devoted considerable resources to the rural southern states, campaigning on a slogan of ''Hver by, hvert amt, hver arbejder'' ("Every city, every county, every worker"). In particular, the party focused on the small towns and villages that had historically voted for the Conservatives or Agrarians, but which had been devastated by the depression. Elvensar held a series of town halls in these areas that, on account of her personal charm and frankness, helped endear the party to rural voters. Elvensar spoke at major rallies in Tordenhelm, Grafholmen, and Izenhoth the week before the election, all attracting crowds of over 25,000. <br />
<br />
While Elvensar campaigned in the south, deputy National Labor leader [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]] worked to mobilize the party's traditional urban base in the north, walking picket lines with striking steel workers in Halmodryn and Fjødonor and holding rallies in [[Norenstal]], Tybenhoth, and Abenvard.<br />
<br />
The Liberal Party, led by [[Sofia Westergaard]], who had a close working relationship with Elvensar, campaigned in coordination with National Labor and announced early on that it would support a National Labor government if necessary. The party focused most of its efforts on suburban areas, where National Labor was weak and where it could pick up seats from the Conservatives. Westergaard and Elvensar made a number of notable appearances together throughout the campaign. <br />
<br />
The Conservatives, Agrarians, and Moderates largely focused on defending their traditional strongholds, with Sörbengaard privately acknowledging that the cities were a lost cause. Sörbengaard himself spent most of his time campaigning in Banderhus, hoping to turn out the Conservative base in large numbers.<br />
<br />
A single party leaders' debate was hosted on May 31 on the campus of Gothendral University, featuring Elvensar, Westergaard, Sörbengaard, and Markussen. It resulted in negative publicity for Sörbengaard, who struggled to defend his government's economic policies and was attacked over his heavy-handed response to the Labor Day rallies. Markussen sought to use the debate to distinguish the [[Communist Party of Delkora]] from National Labor, criticizing the New Kingdom program for not going far enough. <br />
<br />
A notable moment during the debate involved a question posed to both Elvensar and Markussen about the [[Labor Underground]]; while Elvensar strongly disavowed the organization, Markussen gave an ambiguous answer that was widely criticized within the press.<br />
<br />
==Opinion polling==<br />
Numerous polls were conducted in the run-up to the election, all predicting a large seat gain for National Labor and showing that a large plurality of voters preferred Elvensar to be the next chancellor. Westergaard's numbers remained high on account of her strong personal popularity, and she consistently remained a distant second behind Elvensar, while Sörbengaard's numbers continually declined throughout the campaign. <br />
<br />
===Preferred Chancellor===<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%;line-height:14px"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Date(s)<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Polling organization<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Sample size<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Elvensar<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Westergaard<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Sörbengaard<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Markussen<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Elkjær<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Kruse<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Arge<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Other<br />
|-<br />
| May 16-18<br />
| University of Norenstal<br />
| 2,551<br />
| 42.5%<br />
| 25.1%<br />
| 15.1%<br />
| 10.6%<br />
| 3.2%<br />
| 1.4%<br />
| 0.1%<br />
| 2%<br />
|-<br />
| May 24-27<br />
| Ibsen Gruppe<br />
| 3,502<br />
| 45.6%<br />
| 24.2%<br />
| 14.2%<br />
| 12.7%<br />
| 2.3%<br />
| 0.3%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
| 1.6%<br />
|-<br />
| June 1-2<br />
| Eracuran Policy Institute<br />
| 2,708<br />
| 50.7%<br />
| 23.9%<br />
| 10.8%<br />
| 13.9%<br />
| 1.4%<br />
| 0.2%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Party preference===<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%;line-height:14px"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Date(s)<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Polling organization<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Sample size<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| National Labor<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Liberal<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Conservative<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Communist<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Agrarian<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Moderate<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Lebøvian<br />
! style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"| Other<br />
|-<br />
| May 16-18<br />
| University of Norenstal<br />
| 2,551<br />
| 39.6%<br />
| 20.3%<br />
| 16.4%<br />
| 14.9%<br />
| 3.4%<br />
| 1.1%<br />
| 0.1%<br />
| 4.2%<br />
|-<br />
| May 24-27<br />
| Ibsen Gruppe<br />
| 3,502<br />
| 43.2%<br />
| 16.4%<br />
| 14.5%<br />
| 13.7%<br />
| 2.3%<br />
| 0.7%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
| 3.6%<br />
|-<br />
| June 1-2<br />
| Eracuran Policy Institute<br />
| 2,708<br />
| 46.2%<br />
| 19.7%<br />
| 12.3%<br />
| 16.9%<br />
| 5.2%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
| >0.1%<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Results==<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right<br />
|-<br />
|+ {{resize|95%|Summary of the 7 June 1959 Delkoran federal election results}}<br />
|-<br />
<!-- !colspan="7"|[[File::Norway Storting 2017.svg|350px]] --><br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="width:230px"| Party<br />
!colspan=3| Votes<br />
!colspan=2| Seats<br />
|-<br />
!style="width:75px"| #<br />
!style="width:50px"| %<br />
!style="width:50px"| ±<br />
!style="width:50px"| #<br />
!style="width:50px"| ±<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#FF0000"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[National Labor]] (A)<br />
|27,057,621<br />
|56.00% <br />
|≠<br />
|243<br />
|<span style="color:green">+133</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#FFFF00"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal Party]] (L)<br />
|8,213,513<br />
|17.00%<br />
|≠<br />
|77<br />
|<span style="color:red">-9</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#3D428B"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative Party]] (K)<br />
|5,795,423<br />
|12.00%<br />
|≠<br />
|54<br />
|<span style="color:red">-69</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#A52A2A"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[Communist Party of Delkora]] (C)<br />
|3,575,948<br />
|7.39%<br />
|≠<br />
|23<br />
|<span style="color:green">+9</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#9400D3"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|Agrarian Party]] (B)<br />
|1,932,509<br />
|4.00%<br />
|≠<br />
|17<br />
|<span style="color:red">-51</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#000000"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|National Revival]] (Ɲ)<br />
|724,565<br />
|1.50%<br />
|≠<br />
|7<br />
|<span style="color:green">+7</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#FFA500"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|Lebøvian People's Party]] (Ð)<br />
|356,895<br />
|0.74%<br />
|≠<br />
|4<br />
|<span style="color:green">+2</span><br />
|-<br />
|colspan="7" style="background: #E9E9E9"|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#8B4513"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|Free Republicans]] (Y)<br />
|298,594<br />
|0.62%<br />
|≠<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#990000"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|United Leftist Front]] (V)<br />
|246,283<br />
|0.51%<br />
|≠<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#0198E1"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|Traditionalist League]] (N)<br />
|73,294<br />
|0.15%<br />
|≠<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:#6495ED"|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"| [[List of political parties in Delkora|The Moderates]] (M)<br />
|39,978<br />
|0.08%<br />
|≠<br />
|0<br />
|<span style="color:red">-22</span><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color:{{template:Independent politician/meta/color}}|<br />
|style="text-align:left;"|{{wpl|Independent politician|Independent lists}}<br />
|3,102<br />
|>0.01%<br />
|≠<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2 style=text-align:left;width:200px| Totals<br />
!style=text-align:right;width:75px| 48,317,725<br />
!style=text-align:right;width:50px| 100%<br />
!style=text-align:right;width:50px| –<br />
!style=text-align:right;width:50px| 425<br />
!style=text-align:right;width:50px| ±0<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=2 style=text-align:left| Registered voters/turnout<br />
| style=text-align:right| 58,923,446<br />
| style=text-align:right| 82.00%<br />
| style=text-align:right| +?<br />
| style=text-align:right| –<br />
| style=text-align:right| –<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=7 style="text-align:left;"|Source: [[Delkoran administrative agencies#Autonomous agencies|Federal Electoral Commission]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Analysis===<br />
Most news outlets had called the election in favor of National Labor early on election night based on exit polls which suggested the party was headed toward a majority. Early returns from the southern states appeared to confirm this, as the Conservatives trailed National Labor and the Liberals even in rural areas, while the Agrarians were virtually wiped out in many counties, and the Moderates failed to win any seats. This, combined with a strong early showing by the Liberals in northern suburban areas, resulted in a severe deficit that the Conservatives were unable to overcome. <br />
<br />
Shortly before midnight, with the Conservatives trailing National Labor in Banderhus, Sörbengaard delivered a brief concession speech outside Conservative Party headquarters in Norenstal. An hour later, Elvensar gave a speech before a crowd of several hundred National Labor supporters outside the LO office. Results from the northern states continued to filter in throughout the night and early the next morning, with the Federal Electoral Commission certifying the final results just after noon the following day.<br />
<br />
As expected, National Labor made history by becoming the first party since the introduction of proportional representation in 1884 to win an independent majority. Additionally, it became the first and currently only party to have ever won the popular vote in every state in a federal election. Despite losing a number of seats, the Liberals performed better than expected, which is often attributed to Westergaard's personal popularity. The Conservatives suffered severe losses in almost every constituency.<br />
<br />
==Aftermath==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]<br />
<br />
{{Template:Delkoran elections}}</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=National_Labor&diff=308431National Labor2021-02-06T17:38:57Z<p>Delkora: /* Factions */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political party<br />
| name = National Labor<br />
| native_name = National Arbejdskraft<br />
| native_name_lang =<br />
| lang1 = <br />
| name_lang1 = <br />
| lang2 = <br />
| name_lang2 = <br />
| lang3 = <br />
| name_lang3 = <br />
| lang4 = <br />
| name_lang4 = <br />
| logo = DelkoraNationalLabor.png<br />
| logo_size = 150px<br />
| caption =<br />
| colorcode = #FF0000<br />
| abbreviation = <br />
| leader = [[Andreas Støvring]]<br />
| president = <br />
| chairperson =<br />
| vice_chairperson = <br />
| general_secretary = Malene Thygesen<br />
| first_secretary =<br />
| secretary_general = <br />
| presidium =<br />
| secretary =<br />
| spokesperson = <br />
| founder = <br />
| leader1_title = <br />
| leader1_name = <br />
| leader2_title = <br />
| leader2_name = <br />
| leader3_title = <br />
| leader3_name = <br />
| leader4_title = <br />
| leader4_name = <br />
| leader5_title = <br />
| leader5_name = <br />
| founded = 1876<br />
| registered = <br />
| legalised = <br />
| dissolved = <br />
| banned = <br />
| merger = <br />
| split = <br />
| predecessor = <br />
| merged = <br />
| successor = <br />
| headquarters = [[Norenstal]]<br />
| newspaper = ''Folkets Stemme'' <br />
| think_tank = <br />
| student_wing = <br />
| youth_wing = Ung Arbejdskraft<br />
| womens_wing = Arbejde Kvinder<br />
| wing1_title = <br />
| wing1 = <br />
| wing2_title = <br />
| wing2 = <br />
| wing3_title = <br />
| wing3 = <br />
| wing4_title = <br />
| wing4 = <br />
| membership_year = 2019<br />
| membership = {{decrease}} 5,356,092<br />
| ideology = {{wp|Democratic socialism}}<br />
| position = {{wp|Centre-left politics|Centre left}} to {{wp|left-wing}}<br />
| religion = <br />
| national = <br />
| regional = <br />
| european = <br />
| continental = <br />
| international =<br />
| europarl = <br />
| affiliation1_title = <br />
| affiliation1 =<br />
| colors = {{colorbox|#FF0000|border=lightgray}} {{wp|Red}}<br />
| slogan = <br />
| anthem = <br />
| blank1_title = <br />
| blank1 = <br />
| blank2_title = <br />
| blank2 = <br />
| blank3_title = <br />
| blank3 = <br />
| blank4_title = <br />
| blank4 = <br />
| seats1_title = [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Chamber of Representatives]]<br />
| seats1 = {{Infobox political party/seats|123|500|hex=#ff0000}}<br />
| seats2_title = [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Chamber of Nobles]] <br />
| seats2 = {{Infobox political party/seats|42|200|hex=#ff0000}}<br />
| seats3_title = [[States of Delkora|First ministers]] <br />
| seats3 = {{Infobox political party/seats|1|7|hex=#ff0000}}<br />
| seats4_title = [[States of Delkora|State parliaments]]<br />
| seats4 = {{Infobox political party/seats|298|1150|hex=#ff0000}}<br />
| seats5_title = [[Local government in Delkora|County councils]]<br />
| seats5 = {{Infobox political party/seats|623|2317|hex=#ff0000}}<br />
| seats6_title = [[Local government in Delkora|Municipal councils]]<br />
| seats6 = {{Infobox political party/seats|17842|47580|hex=#ff0000}} <br />
| symbol = A<br />
| flag = <br />
| website = {{url|www.nationalarbejdskraft.del}}<br />
| state = <br />
| country = [[Delkora]]<br />
| country_dab1 = <br />
| parties_dab1 = <br />
| elections_dab1 = <br />
| country2 = <br />
| country_dab2 = <br />
| parties_dab2 = <br />
| elections_dab2 = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''National Labor''' ({{wp|Danish language|Delkoran}}: ''National Arbejdskraft'') is a {{wp|left-wing}} [[List of political parties in Delkora|political party]] in [[Delkora]]. With over 5 million registered members, it is the largest political party in Delkora. The party has had a major influence on Delkoran society through the [[New Kingdom]] program, which has played a profound role in shaping the country's politics, economics, and culture since the 1960s. <br />
<br />
At the federal level, the party currently governs in coalition with the [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal Party]] and the [[Green Party (Delkora)|Greens]]. At the [[States of Delkora|state]] level, it heads the government of [[Cybria]] and is a junior coalition partner in [[Førelskov]] and [[Norvia]]. National Labor's leader, [[Andreas Støvring]], serves as the current [[Cabinet of Delkora|minister of foreign affairs]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Early years===<br />
National Labor was formed in 1876 by the United Workers Congress of Delkora to represent the interests of the country's growing {{wp|Trade union|trade union}} movement. Despite political repression by the jarls of Delkora's [[States of Delkora|states]], the party quickly established itself as a major electoral force, displacing the Liberals as the largest leftist party in the 1880 federal election and winning a plurality. <br />
<br />
During the chancellorship of [[Magnus Brom]] (1880-1888), the party introduced economic reforms that laid the foundation for Delkora's welfare state, including unemployment and disability insurance, old age security, universal pensions, and workers' compensation. It also codified the right to {{wp|collective bargaining}} and legalized strikes. Brom's government also instituted a number of political reforms, including universal male suffrage and passage of a constitutional amendment limiting the power of the jarls.<br />
<br />
National Labor continued to consolidate its power over the next several years, gaining a strong presence in state and local legislatures. It was returned to government from 1896 to 1912 under the chancellorships of [[Torsten Branting]] and [[Niels Frederiksen]]. During their tenure, National Labor pushed forward with continued political reforms that included reigning in the power of the Chamber of Nobles and extending suffrage to women. On the economic front, it instituted the eight hour work day and created a system of employer-provided health insurance. It also secured support for reform of the Vallyar Order and mandatory {{wp|secular education}}.<br />
<br />
===Red scare===<br />
Going into the 20th Century, National Labor was seen as one of the most influential leftist parties in Eracura and presided over an increasingly militant labor movement. This growing militancy led to a {{wp|red scare}} in Delkora that was stoked by right-wing parties and the increasingly conservative leadership of the trade unions, who worked to expel communists from their ranks. These ideological conflicts were carried over into the party, and came to a head with the outbreak of the [[Ruvelkan Civil War]] in 1914, when the leadership declared its support for the [[Imperial Separatist Movement of Ruvelka|Imperial Separatists]]. This prompted the party's left flank to break away and join the nascent [[Communist Party of Delkora]].<br />
<br />
After purging the remaining radicals from the party, National Labor went on to adopt the Gothendral Manifesto in 1915, renouncing socialist revolution and declaring its support for reform of capitalism. Over the next several years, the party came to be dominated by corrupt {{wp|political machines}} in the major cities. It supported the [[Olav Brøndum|Brøndum]] government's [[Sedition Acts (Delkora)|Sedition Acts]], which targeted radical labor groups. Although leftists in the party made a brief comeback under the leadership of [[Ingeborg Hansen]], who went on to become Delkora's first female chancellor, she was later ousted by the conservative wing and replaced with [[Jørgen Löfgren]], who renewed efforts to suppress radical tendencies within the party. <br />
<br />
Löfgren's tenure came to be defined by the growing civil war within the party between the conservative and radical factions. A turning point came with [[Bjørn Olsen]]'s successful takeover of Cybrian National Labor in 1930. With the party's largest state party under the control of the insurgent radicals, the conservative faction slowly began to lose control of the party. At the federal level, [[Mette Elvensar]] launched an unsuccessful leadership challenge against Löfgren in 1944, only to come back with a successful second challenge in 1948 after the party's worst ever electoral performance in the federal election that year.<br />
<br />
===New Kingdom coalition===<br />
{{multiple image<br />
| align = right<br />
| total_width = 300<br />
| image1 = APoster1.jpg<br />
| image2 = APoster2.jpg<br />
| footer = Two famous National Labor posters from [[Delkoran federal election, 1959|1959]]. The one on the right reads: "Comrades — let it now be over! Vote National Labor!"<br />
}}<br />
Elvensar oversaw the democratization of the party's internal rules and the adoption of a new platform that marked a return to the party's socialist roots. At the same time leftists were reasserting control of the party, radicals in the labor movement were usurping control of the trade unions from the conservative old guard.<br />
<br />
As the Delkoran economy entered a severe depression in the 1950s, the party made major gains at the federal, state, and local levels on a program of anti-austerity, social safety net expansions, and structural reforms that collectively made up the party's [[New Kingdom]] agenda. With the outbreak of civil unrest in the latter part of the decade, the party sought to distance itself from the [[Labor Underground]] and other groups engaged in political violence, instead promoting the abolition of capitalism through the electoral process.<br />
<br />
The [[Delkoran federal election, 1959|1959 federal election]] resulted in a National Labor landslide and the first single-party majority since the introduction of {{wp|proportional representation}}. During the subsequent chancellorships of Elvensar and [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]], the party implemented much of the New Kingdom agenda, expanding public and worker ownership in the economy, strengthening workers' rights, and creating a robust welfare state. <br />
<br />
The popularity and success of these programs cemented National Labor's power for decades, with the period from 1959 to 1975 coming to be known as the "National Labor Hegemony" due to the party's federal majority, majorities or pluralities in all seven state parliaments, and control of a majority of municipal councils. It passed the Economic Rights Amendment, codifying the core tenets of the New Kingdom into the Delkoran Constitution. From 1975 to 1983, the party governed in coalition with the [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal Party]], with whom it had maintained good relations.<br />
<br />
===Return to opposition===<br />
[[Harald Henriksen]] succeeded Feldengaard as party leader in 1983, and led the party through the remainder of the decade. Despite being in opposition, the party managed to subvert the Conservative-Agrarian government's attempts at scaling back the New Kingdom. It likewise held fast to its ideological orientation, with Henriksen strongly resisting efforts by moderates within the party to move it to the center.<br />
<br />
Factional battles between the left and right wings, dating back to the New Kingdom, reached a peak in the early 1990s. After the party's right was exposed as having sabotaged the 1991 federal election campaign, [[Emma Jørgensen]] expelled the right wing from the party, and altered its constitution to make advocacy of {{wpl|neoliberalism}} punishable by expulsion. The expelled right of National Labor joined with New Conservatives defecting from the Conservative Party in the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Centre Democrats]].<br />
<br />
After the [[neoliberal conspiracy]] came to light, National Labor went on to pick up a large number of seats in the 1992 state elections. [[Emma Jørgensen]] went on to become chancellor three years later following a snap election called in response to the indictment of [[Ulrik Andersen]] on corruption charges stemming from the 1991 federal election.<br />
<br />
===1994 to present===<br />
With the political right largely discredited as a result of fallout from the conspiracy and Andersen's conviction, National Labor was able to reaffirm the New Kingdom agenda and press forward with its implementation, accelerating the socialization of the economy and reversing the austerity and privatizations of the previous Conservative governments. It likewise implemented sweeping criminal justice reforms and drug liberalization laws.<br />
<br />
Beginning in the late 1990s with the induction of the [[List of political parties in Delkora#Fourth party system (1998-present)|fourth party system]], National Labor suffered from a fracturing of its support as a result of the surge in support for other leftist parties including the Greens, Communists, and the Pirate Party. Following the 2002 federal election, the party supported a coalition government led by these three parties under [[Kol Vossgaard]] after they collectively secured a plurality. During Rolf Steffensen's tenure as leader, the party moved somewhat closer to the center in the hopes of capturing more moderate voters, which proved to be politically unpopular among its base. Steffensen was succeeded by [[Andreas Støvring]] in 2013.<br />
<br />
Following the 2014 federal election, National Labor entered into Delkora's first federal {{wp|traffic light coalition}} with the Liberals and Greens under Chancellor [[Adric Azengaard]]. The party increased its seat share in the 2018 federal election, and continues to partake in the coalition government.<br />
<br />
==Organization==<br />
National Labor consists of individual dues-paying members, affiliated trade unions, and constituency organizations. It is organized into seven state parties, each divided into county chapters. Party members in each county elect delegates to a County Committee, which sends delegates to the State Central Committee. The State Central Committees, in turn, send delegates to the National Executive Committee. At each level, delegates are instantly-revocable. Each state party and county chapter functions autonomously within the guidelines established by the party's national constitution. <br />
<br />
Once every year, the party's county chapters, state sections, affiliated trade unions, and constituency organizations send delegates to the National Labor Convention, in which changes to the party's structure, constitution and bylaws, and federal platform are debated and voted on. The National Executive Committee oversees the party between conventions and appoints the General Secretary. The party's Federal Leader is elected by a nationwide vote of all party members, and this person is usually nominated as its chancellor candidate. A motion of no confidence can be brought against the Leader at any time by the party's Chamber of Representatives caucus, the National Executive Committee, or by petition of at least 25% of party members.<br />
<br />
==Base of support==<br />
Since its founding, National Labor's strongest base of support has been among the urban working-class. The party also performs well with intellectuals and younger voters, as well as ethnic, religious, and sexual minorities. Geographically, its strongest support is found in cities, university towns, and areas on the northern coast. The states of [[Norenstal]] and [[Cybria]] have long been National Labor strongholds, as well as the industrialized coastal region of [[Førelskov]]. Seven of Delkora's ten largest cities are led by National Labor mayors.<br />
<br />
The party's support is weakest among upper middle class and wealthy voters, older voters, and those with socially-conservative religious values. Geographically, it struggles in affluent suburban areas, small towns and rural areas.<br />
<br />
==Ideology==<br />
The National Labor constitution defines the party as a {{wp|democratic socialist}} organization committed to "the peaceful, gradual, and democratic dismantling of capitalism by means of the political institutions and procedures of the existing Delkoran polity." It supports as its end goal the establishment of a {{wp|classless society}} based on common ownership of the {{wp|means of production}} and the allocation of economic resources according to the principle of "from each according to his ability, to each according to his need."<br />
<br />
Various factions exist within the party, including {{wp|Social democracy|social democratic}}, {{wp|Left communism|left communist}}, {{wp|anarcho-syndicalism|anarcho-syndicalist}}, and {{wp|Anarcho-communism|anarcho-communist}} groups. While these factions have generally been tolerated and allowed to maintain informal working groups within the party, officials espousing {{wp|Neoliberalism|neoliberal}} viewpoints or others that contradict the party's fundamental tenets are subject to disciplinary action, including expulsion.<br />
<br />
==Factions==<br />
National Labor has long had a tradition of {{wpl|political factions|factions}}, formally organized as "platforms", reflecting its {{wpl|big tent}} organization.<br />
<br />
The 1914 convention marked the first appearance of formal factions:<br />
* '''Reform Tendency''' — the right wing of the party.<br />
* '''International Platform''' — the left wing of the party, which would later form the [[Communist Party of Delkora]].<br />
<br />
The 1928 convention reflected the dominant left–right struggles:<br />
* '''National Platform''' — the conservative faction, characterized by {{wpl|social democracy}} in economics and {{wpl|social conservatism}} on other issues.<br />
* '''Red Flag Platform''' — the radical faction, composed of {{wpl|democratic socialism|democratic socialists}} and other radicals.<br />
<br />
The 1967 convention showed the proliferation of factions in the New Kingdom era:<br />
* '''Red-Black Platform''' — {{wpl|anarcho-syndicalist}} tendency, led by [[Mette Elvensar]] and later [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]].<br />
* '''Workers' Power Platform''' — {{wpl|guild socialism|guild socialist}} tendency, led by [[Eudoxia Pedersen]].<br />
* '''Liberation Platform''' — {{wpl|left communism|left communist}} tendency, supportive of an alliance with the Communist Party.<br />
* '''United Labor Platform''' — {{wpl|liberal socialism|liberal socialist}} and {{wpl|Centrism (Marxism)|centrist}} tendency.<br />
* '''Call to Delkora Platform''' — {{wpl|left-wing nationalism|left-wing nationalist}} and [[Common Sphere#Politics|CS-restrictionist]] tendency.<br />
* '''Democratic Tendency''' — {{wpl|social democracy|social democratic}} and conservative tendency, led by [[Annie Römheld]].<br />
<br />
The 1988 convention reflected consolidation and emergence of new political forces:<br />
* '''Freedom Platform''' — {{wpl|left communism|left communist}}–{{wpl|social anarchist}} unity tendency.<br />
* '''Earth Platform''' — {{wpl|eco-socialism|eco-socialist}} tendency.<br />
* '''Workers' Council Tendency''' — {{wpl|guild socialism|guild socialist}} and {{wpl|council communism|council communist}} tendency, led by [[Eudoxia Pedersen]].<br />
* '''Qualia Platform''' — nickname for a tendency supporting {{wpl|Democratic socialism#Democratic planning|cybernetics-based planning}}, led by [[Cecilie Bærentsen]].<br />
* '''Socialism and Democracy Platform''' — {{wpl|democratic socialism|democratic socialist}} tendency, led by [[Harald Henriksen]].<br />
* '''New Democracy Platform''' — {{wpl|social democracy|social democratic}} and conservative tendency, led by [[Annie Römheld]].<br />
<br />
Following the 1991 election and the exposure of the [[neoliberal conspiracy]], the New Democracy Platform was expelled from the party, and instead joined the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Centre Democrats]].<br />
<br />
The 1998 convention reflected the new realities of the [[List of political parties in Delkora#Fourth party system (1998-present)|fourth party system]]:<br />
* '''Liberation Platform''' — {{wpl|left communism|left communist}}–{{wpl|social anarchist}} unity tendency.<br />
* '''Earth Platform''' — {{wpl|eco-socialism|eco-socialist}} tendency.<br />
* '''Workers' Council Tendency''' — {{wpl|guild socialism|guild socialist}} and {{wpl|council communism|council communist}} tendency, led by [[Emma Jørgensen]].<br />
* '''Qualia Platform''' — {{wpl|Democratic socialism#Democratic planning|cybernetics-based planning}} and proto-{{wpl|pirate politics}} tendency, led by Cecilie Bærentsen.<br />
* '''Socialism of the Future Platform''' — {{wpl|democratic socialism|democratic socialist}} tendency, led by [[Natasja Rønne]].<br />
* '''Freedom and Progress Tendency''' — {{wpl|social democracy|social democratic}} and {{wpl|liberal socialism|liberal socialist}} tendency.<br />
<br />
Subsequently, the Workers' Council Tendency and Qualia Platform merged with Socialism of the Future, imprinting a strong emphasis on {{wpl|decentralised planning}} that gained it the nickname "{{wpl|tablet computer|tablet}} socialism".<br />
<br />
The 2012 convention shows the current internal groupings:<br />
* '''Black Flag Tendency''' — {{wpl|left communism|left communist}}–{{wpl|social anarchist}} unity tendency.<br />
* '''Ecological Justice Platform''' — {{wpl|eco-socialism|eco-socialist}} tendency.<br />
* '''Socialism of the Future Platform''' — {{wpl|democratic socialism|democratic socialist}} tendency, led by Natasja Rønne.<br />
* '''Freedom and Progress Tendency''' — {{wpl|social democracy|social democratic}} and {{wpl|liberal socialism|liberal socialist}} tendency.<br />
<br />
==List of leaders==<br />
*[[Magnus Brom]] (1876-1888)<br />
*Eskild Thrane (1888-1889)<br />
*Fillip Nissen (1889-1891)<br />
*Bruno Fabricius (1891-1892)<br />
*[[Torsten Branting]] (1892-1908)<br />
*[[Niels Frederiksen]] (1908-1912)<br />
*Arne Vilhelmsen (1912-1918)<br />
*Bernhard Bruun (1918-1920)<br />
*Viggo Kvint (1920-1924)<br />
*[[Ingeborg Hansen]] (1924-1928)<br />
*[[Jørgen Löfgren]] (1928-1948)<br />
*[[Mette Elvensar]] (1948-1967)<br />
*[[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]] (1967-1983)<br />
*[[Harald Henriksen]] (1983-1994)<br />
*[[Emma Jørgensen]] (1991-2006)<br />
*Rolf Steffensen (2006-2013)<br />
*[[Andreas Støvring]] (2013-present)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=National_Labor&diff=308429National Labor2021-02-06T17:37:28Z<p>Delkora: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political party<br />
| name = National Labor<br />
| native_name = National Arbejdskraft<br />
| native_name_lang =<br />
| lang1 = <br />
| name_lang1 = <br />
| lang2 = <br />
| name_lang2 = <br />
| lang3 = <br />
| name_lang3 = <br />
| lang4 = <br />
| name_lang4 = <br />
| logo = DelkoraNationalLabor.png<br />
| logo_size = 150px<br />
| caption =<br />
| colorcode = #FF0000<br />
| abbreviation = <br />
| leader = [[Andreas Støvring]]<br />
| president = <br />
| chairperson =<br />
| vice_chairperson = <br />
| general_secretary = Malene Thygesen<br />
| first_secretary =<br />
| secretary_general = <br />
| presidium =<br />
| secretary =<br />
| spokesperson = <br />
| founder = <br />
| leader1_title = <br />
| leader1_name = <br />
| leader2_title = <br />
| leader2_name = <br />
| leader3_title = <br />
| leader3_name = <br />
| leader4_title = <br />
| leader4_name = <br />
| leader5_title = <br />
| leader5_name = <br />
| founded = 1876<br />
| registered = <br />
| legalised = <br />
| dissolved = <br />
| banned = <br />
| merger = <br />
| split = <br />
| predecessor = <br />
| merged = <br />
| successor = <br />
| headquarters = [[Norenstal]]<br />
| newspaper = ''Folkets Stemme'' <br />
| think_tank = <br />
| student_wing = <br />
| youth_wing = Ung Arbejdskraft<br />
| womens_wing = Arbejde Kvinder<br />
| wing1_title = <br />
| wing1 = <br />
| wing2_title = <br />
| wing2 = <br />
| wing3_title = <br />
| wing3 = <br />
| wing4_title = <br />
| wing4 = <br />
| membership_year = 2019<br />
| membership = {{decrease}} 5,356,092<br />
| ideology = {{wp|Democratic socialism}}<br />
| position = {{wp|Centre-left politics|Centre left}} to {{wp|left-wing}}<br />
| religion = <br />
| national = <br />
| regional = <br />
| european = <br />
| continental = <br />
| international =<br />
| europarl = <br />
| affiliation1_title = <br />
| affiliation1 =<br />
| colors = {{colorbox|#FF0000|border=lightgray}} {{wp|Red}}<br />
| slogan = <br />
| anthem = <br />
| blank1_title = <br />
| blank1 = <br />
| blank2_title = <br />
| blank2 = <br />
| blank3_title = <br />
| blank3 = <br />
| blank4_title = <br />
| blank4 = <br />
| seats1_title = [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Chamber of Representatives]]<br />
| seats1 = {{Infobox political party/seats|123|500|hex=#ff0000}}<br />
| seats2_title = [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Chamber of Nobles]] <br />
| seats2 = {{Infobox political party/seats|42|200|hex=#ff0000}}<br />
| seats3_title = [[States of Delkora|First ministers]] <br />
| seats3 = {{Infobox political party/seats|1|7|hex=#ff0000}}<br />
| seats4_title = [[States of Delkora|State parliaments]]<br />
| seats4 = {{Infobox political party/seats|298|1150|hex=#ff0000}}<br />
| seats5_title = [[Local government in Delkora|County councils]]<br />
| seats5 = {{Infobox political party/seats|623|2317|hex=#ff0000}}<br />
| seats6_title = [[Local government in Delkora|Municipal councils]]<br />
| seats6 = {{Infobox political party/seats|17842|47580|hex=#ff0000}} <br />
| symbol = A<br />
| flag = <br />
| website = {{url|www.nationalarbejdskraft.del}}<br />
| state = <br />
| country = [[Delkora]]<br />
| country_dab1 = <br />
| parties_dab1 = <br />
| elections_dab1 = <br />
| country2 = <br />
| country_dab2 = <br />
| parties_dab2 = <br />
| elections_dab2 = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''National Labor''' ({{wp|Danish language|Delkoran}}: ''National Arbejdskraft'') is a {{wp|left-wing}} [[List of political parties in Delkora|political party]] in [[Delkora]]. With over 5 million registered members, it is the largest political party in Delkora. The party has had a major influence on Delkoran society through the [[New Kingdom]] program, which has played a profound role in shaping the country's politics, economics, and culture since the 1960s. <br />
<br />
At the federal level, the party currently governs in coalition with the [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal Party]] and the [[Green Party (Delkora)|Greens]]. At the [[States of Delkora|state]] level, it heads the government of [[Cybria]] and is a junior coalition partner in [[Førelskov]] and [[Norvia]]. National Labor's leader, [[Andreas Støvring]], serves as the current [[Cabinet of Delkora|minister of foreign affairs]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Early years===<br />
National Labor was formed in 1876 by the United Workers Congress of Delkora to represent the interests of the country's growing {{wp|Trade union|trade union}} movement. Despite political repression by the jarls of Delkora's [[States of Delkora|states]], the party quickly established itself as a major electoral force, displacing the Liberals as the largest leftist party in the 1880 federal election and winning a plurality. <br />
<br />
During the chancellorship of [[Magnus Brom]] (1880-1888), the party introduced economic reforms that laid the foundation for Delkora's welfare state, including unemployment and disability insurance, old age security, universal pensions, and workers' compensation. It also codified the right to {{wp|collective bargaining}} and legalized strikes. Brom's government also instituted a number of political reforms, including universal male suffrage and passage of a constitutional amendment limiting the power of the jarls.<br />
<br />
National Labor continued to consolidate its power over the next several years, gaining a strong presence in state and local legislatures. It was returned to government from 1896 to 1912 under the chancellorships of [[Torsten Branting]] and [[Niels Frederiksen]]. During their tenure, National Labor pushed forward with continued political reforms that included reigning in the power of the Chamber of Nobles and extending suffrage to women. On the economic front, it instituted the eight hour work day and created a system of employer-provided health insurance. It also secured support for reform of the Vallyar Order and mandatory {{wp|secular education}}.<br />
<br />
===Red scare===<br />
Going into the 20th Century, National Labor was seen as one of the most influential leftist parties in Eracura and presided over an increasingly militant labor movement. This growing militancy led to a {{wp|red scare}} in Delkora that was stoked by right-wing parties and the increasingly conservative leadership of the trade unions, who worked to expel communists from their ranks. These ideological conflicts were carried over into the party, and came to a head with the outbreak of the [[Ruvelkan Civil War]] in 1914, when the leadership declared its support for the [[Imperial Separatist Movement of Ruvelka|Imperial Separatists]]. This prompted the party's left flank to break away and join the nascent [[Communist Party of Delkora]].<br />
<br />
After purging the remaining radicals from the party, National Labor went on to adopt the Gothendral Manifesto in 1915, renouncing socialist revolution and declaring its support for reform of capitalism. Over the next several years, the party came to be dominated by corrupt {{wp|political machines}} in the major cities. It supported the [[Olav Brøndum|Brøndum]] government's [[Sedition Acts (Delkora)|Sedition Acts]], which targeted radical labor groups. Although leftists in the party made a brief comeback under the leadership of [[Ingeborg Hansen]], who went on to become Delkora's first female chancellor, she was later ousted by the conservative wing and replaced with [[Jørgen Löfgren]], who renewed efforts to suppress radical tendencies within the party. <br />
<br />
Löfgren's tenure came to be defined by the growing civil war within the party between the conservative and radical factions. A turning point came with [[Bjørn Olsen]]'s successful takeover of Cybrian National Labor in 1930. With the party's largest state party under the control of the insurgent radicals, the conservative faction slowly began to lose control of the party. At the federal level, [[Mette Elvensar]] launched an unsuccessful leadership challenge against Löfgren in 1944, only to come back with a successful second challenge in 1948 after the party's worst ever electoral performance in the federal election that year.<br />
<br />
===New Kingdom coalition===<br />
{{multiple image<br />
| align = right<br />
| total_width = 300<br />
| image1 = APoster1.jpg<br />
| image2 = APoster2.jpg<br />
| footer = Two famous National Labor posters from [[Delkoran federal election, 1959|1959]]. The one on the right reads: "Comrades — let it now be over! Vote National Labor!"<br />
}}<br />
Elvensar oversaw the democratization of the party's internal rules and the adoption of a new platform that marked a return to the party's socialist roots. At the same time leftists were reasserting control of the party, radicals in the labor movement were usurping control of the trade unions from the conservative old guard.<br />
<br />
As the Delkoran economy entered a severe depression in the 1950s, the party made major gains at the federal, state, and local levels on a program of anti-austerity, social safety net expansions, and structural reforms that collectively made up the party's [[New Kingdom]] agenda. With the outbreak of civil unrest in the latter part of the decade, the party sought to distance itself from the [[Labor Underground]] and other groups engaged in political violence, instead promoting the abolition of capitalism through the electoral process.<br />
<br />
The [[Delkoran federal election, 1959|1959 federal election]] resulted in a National Labor landslide and the first single-party majority since the introduction of {{wp|proportional representation}}. During the subsequent chancellorships of Elvensar and [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]], the party implemented much of the New Kingdom agenda, expanding public and worker ownership in the economy, strengthening workers' rights, and creating a robust welfare state. <br />
<br />
The popularity and success of these programs cemented National Labor's power for decades, with the period from 1959 to 1975 coming to be known as the "National Labor Hegemony" due to the party's federal majority, majorities or pluralities in all seven state parliaments, and control of a majority of municipal councils. It passed the Economic Rights Amendment, codifying the core tenets of the New Kingdom into the Delkoran Constitution. From 1975 to 1983, the party governed in coalition with the [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal Party]], with whom it had maintained good relations.<br />
<br />
===Return to opposition===<br />
[[Harald Henriksen]] succeeded Feldengaard as party leader in 1983, and led the party through the remainder of the decade. Despite being in opposition, the party managed to subvert the Conservative-Agrarian government's attempts at scaling back the New Kingdom. It likewise held fast to its ideological orientation, with Henriksen strongly resisting efforts by moderates within the party to move it to the center.<br />
<br />
Factional battles between the left and right wings, dating back to the New Kingdom, reached a peak in the early 1990s. After the party's right was exposed as having sabotaged the 1991 federal election campaign, [[Emma Jørgensen]] expelled the right wing from the party, and altered its constitution to make advocacy of {{wpl|neoliberalism}} punishable by expulsion. The expelled right of National Labor joined with New Conservatives defecting from the Conservative Party in the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Centre Democrats]].<br />
<br />
After the [[neoliberal conspiracy]] came to light, National Labor went on to pick up a large number of seats in the 1992 state elections. [[Emma Jørgensen]] went on to become chancellor three years later following a snap election called in response to the indictment of [[Ulrik Andersen]] on corruption charges stemming from the 1991 federal election.<br />
<br />
===1994 to present===<br />
With the political right largely discredited as a result of fallout from the conspiracy and Andersen's conviction, National Labor was able to reaffirm the New Kingdom agenda and press forward with its implementation, accelerating the socialization of the economy and reversing the austerity and privatizations of the previous Conservative governments. It likewise implemented sweeping criminal justice reforms and drug liberalization laws.<br />
<br />
Beginning in the late 1990s with the induction of the [[List of political parties in Delkora#Fourth party system (1998-present)|fourth party system]], National Labor suffered from a fracturing of its support as a result of the surge in support for other leftist parties including the Greens, Communists, and the Pirate Party. Following the 2002 federal election, the party supported a coalition government led by these three parties under [[Kol Vossgaard]] after they collectively secured a plurality. During Rolf Steffensen's tenure as leader, the party moved somewhat closer to the center in the hopes of capturing more moderate voters, which proved to be politically unpopular among its base. Steffensen was succeeded by [[Andreas Støvring]] in 2013.<br />
<br />
Following the 2014 federal election, National Labor entered into Delkora's first federal {{wp|traffic light coalition}} with the Liberals and Greens under Chancellor [[Adric Azengaard]]. The party increased its seat share in the 2018 federal election, and continues to partake in the coalition government.<br />
<br />
==Organization==<br />
National Labor consists of individual dues-paying members, affiliated trade unions, and constituency organizations. It is organized into seven state parties, each divided into county chapters. Party members in each county elect delegates to a County Committee, which sends delegates to the State Central Committee. The State Central Committees, in turn, send delegates to the National Executive Committee. At each level, delegates are instantly-revocable. Each state party and county chapter functions autonomously within the guidelines established by the party's national constitution. <br />
<br />
Once every year, the party's county chapters, state sections, affiliated trade unions, and constituency organizations send delegates to the National Labor Convention, in which changes to the party's structure, constitution and bylaws, and federal platform are debated and voted on. The National Executive Committee oversees the party between conventions and appoints the General Secretary. The party's Federal Leader is elected by a nationwide vote of all party members, and this person is usually nominated as its chancellor candidate. A motion of no confidence can be brought against the Leader at any time by the party's Chamber of Representatives caucus, the National Executive Committee, or by petition of at least 25% of party members.<br />
<br />
==Base of support==<br />
Since its founding, National Labor's strongest base of support has been among the urban working-class. The party also performs well with intellectuals and younger voters, as well as ethnic, religious, and sexual minorities. Geographically, its strongest support is found in cities, university towns, and areas on the northern coast. The states of [[Norenstal]] and [[Cybria]] have long been National Labor strongholds, as well as the industrialized coastal region of [[Førelskov]]. Seven of Delkora's ten largest cities are led by National Labor mayors.<br />
<br />
The party's support is weakest among upper middle class and wealthy voters, older voters, and those with socially-conservative religious values. Geographically, it struggles in affluent suburban areas, small towns and rural areas.<br />
<br />
==Ideology==<br />
The National Labor constitution defines the party as a {{wp|democratic socialist}} organization committed to "the peaceful, gradual, and democratic dismantling of capitalism by means of the political institutions and procedures of the existing Delkoran polity." It supports as its end goal the establishment of a {{wp|classless society}} based on common ownership of the {{wp|means of production}} and the allocation of economic resources according to the principle of "from each according to his ability, to each according to his need."<br />
<br />
Various factions exist within the party, including {{wp|Social democracy|social democratic}}, {{wp|Left communism|left communist}}, {{wp|anarcho-syndicalism|anarcho-syndicalist}}, and {{wp|Anarcho-communism|anarcho-communist}} groups. While these factions have generally been tolerated and allowed to maintain informal working groups within the party, officials espousing {{wp|Neoliberalism|neoliberal}} viewpoints or others that contradict the party's fundamental tenets are subject to disciplinary action, including expulsion.<br />
<br />
==Factions==<br />
National Labor has long had a tradition of {{wpl|political factions|factions}}, formally organized as "platforms", reflecting its {{wpl|big tent}} organization.<br />
<br />
The 1914 convention marked the first appearance of formal factions:<br />
* '''Reform Tendency''' — the right wing of the party.<br />
* '''International Platform''' — the left wing of the party, which would later form the [[Communist Party of Delkora]].<br />
<br />
The 1928 convention reflected the dominant left–right struggles:<br />
* '''National Platform''' — the conservative faction, characterized by {{wpl|social democracy}} in economics and {{wpl|social conservatism}} on other issues.<br />
* '''Red Flag Platform''' — the radical faction, composed of {{wpl|democratic socialism|democratic socialists}} and other radicals.<br />
<br />
The 1967 convention showed the proliferation of factions in the New Kingdom era:<br />
* '''Red-Black Platform''' — {{wpl|anarcho-syndicalist}} tendency, led by [[Mette Elvensar]] and later [[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]].<br />
* '''Workers' Power Platform''' — {{wpl|guild socialism|guild socialist}} tendency, led by [[Eudoxia Pedersen]].<br />
* '''Liberation Platform''' — {{wpl|left communism|left communist}} tendency, supportive of an alliance with the Communist Party.<br />
* '''United Labor Platform''' — {{wpl|liberal socialism|liberal socialist}} and {{wpl|Centrism (Marxism)|centrist}} tendency.<br />
* '''Call to Delkora Platform''' — {{wpl|left-wing nationalism|left-wing nationalist}} and [[Common Sphere#Politics|CS-restrictionist]] tendency, led by (Peter Shore).<br />
* '''Democratic Tendency''' — {{wpl|social democracy|social democratic}} and conservative tendency, led by [[Annie Römheld]].<br />
<br />
The 1988 convention reflected consolidation and emergence of new political forces:<br />
* '''Freedom Platform''' — {{wpl|left communism|left communist}}–{{wpl|social anarchist}} unity tendency.<br />
* '''Earth Platform''' — {{wpl|eco-socialism|eco-socialist}} tendency.<br />
* '''Workers' Council Tendency''' — {{wpl|guild socialism|guild socialist}} and {{wpl|council communism|council communist}} tendency, led by [[Eudoxia Pedersen]].<br />
* '''Qualia Platform''' — nickname for a tendency supporting {{wpl|Democratic socialism#Democratic planning|cybernetics-based planning}}, led by [[Cecilie Bærentsen]].<br />
* '''Socialism and Democracy Platform''' — {{wpl|democratic socialism|democratic socialist}} tendency, led by [[Harald Henriksen]].<br />
* '''New Democracy Platform''' — {{wpl|social democracy|social democratic}} and conservative tendency, led by [[Annie Römheld]].<br />
<br />
Following the 1991 election and the exposure of the [[neoliberal conspiracy]], the New Democracy Platform was expelled from the party, and instead joined the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Centre Democrats]].<br />
<br />
The 1998 convention reflected the new realities of the [[List of political parties in Delkora#Fourth party system (1998-present)|fourth party system]]:<br />
* '''Liberation Platform''' — {{wpl|left communism|left communist}}–{{wpl|social anarchist}} unity tendency.<br />
* '''Earth Platform''' — {{wpl|eco-socialism|eco-socialist}} tendency.<br />
* '''Workers' Council Tendency''' — {{wpl|guild socialism|guild socialist}} and {{wpl|council communism|council communist}} tendency, led by [[Emma Jørgensen]].<br />
* '''Qualia Platform''' — {{wpl|Democratic socialism#Democratic planning|cybernetics-based planning}} and proto-{{wpl|pirate politics}} tendency, led by Cecilie Bærentsen.<br />
* '''Socialism of the Future Platform''' — {{wpl|democratic socialism|democratic socialist}} tendency, led by [[Natasja Rønne]].<br />
* '''Freedom and Progress Tendency''' — {{wpl|social democracy|social democratic}} and {{wpl|liberal socialism|liberal socialist}} tendency.<br />
<br />
Subsequently, the Workers' Council Tendency and Qualia Platform merged with Socialism of the Future, imprinting a strong emphasis on {{wpl|decentralised planning}} that gained it the nickname "{{wpl|tablet computer|tablet}} socialism".<br />
<br />
The 2012 convention shows the current internal groupings:<br />
* '''Black Flag Tendency''' — {{wpl|left communism|left communist}}–{{wpl|social anarchist}} unity tendency.<br />
* '''Ecological Justice Platform''' — {{wpl|eco-socialism|eco-socialist}} tendency.<br />
* '''Socialism of the Future Platform''' — {{wpl|democratic socialism|democratic socialist}} tendency, led by Natasja Rønne.<br />
* '''Freedom and Progress Tendency''' — {{wpl|social democracy|social democratic}} and {{wpl|liberal socialism|liberal socialist}} tendency.<br />
<br />
==List of leaders==<br />
*[[Magnus Brom]] (1876-1888)<br />
*Eskild Thrane (1888-1889)<br />
*Fillip Nissen (1889-1891)<br />
*Bruno Fabricius (1891-1892)<br />
*[[Torsten Branting]] (1892-1908)<br />
*[[Niels Frederiksen]] (1908-1912)<br />
*Arne Vilhelmsen (1912-1918)<br />
*Bernhard Bruun (1918-1920)<br />
*Viggo Kvint (1920-1924)<br />
*[[Ingeborg Hansen]] (1924-1928)<br />
*[[Jørgen Löfgren]] (1928-1948)<br />
*[[Mette Elvensar]] (1948-1967)<br />
*[[Geirbjørn Feldengaard]] (1967-1983)<br />
*[[Harald Henriksen]] (1983-1994)<br />
*[[Emma Jørgensen]] (1991-2006)<br />
*Rolf Steffensen (2006-2013)<br />
*[[Andreas Støvring]] (2013-present)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Norenstal&diff=308417Norenstal2021-02-06T16:24:23Z<p>Delkora: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Norenstal<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --><br />
| settlement_type = State and capital city of [[Delkora]]<br />
| image_skyline = File:Hamburg_Rathaus.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| image_flag = <br />
| flag_alt = <br />
| image_seal = <br />
| seal_alt = <br />
| image_shield = <br />
| shield_alt = <br />
| etymology = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| motto = <br />
| image_map = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = <br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = <br />
| latd = |latm = |lats = |latNS = <br />
| longd = |longm = |longs = |longEW = <br />
| coor_pinpoint = <br />
| coordinates_type = <br />
| coordinates_display = inline,title<br />
| coordinates_footnotes = <br />
| coordinates_region = <br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = [[Delkora]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = <br />
| subdivision_name1 = <br />
| subdivision_type2 = <br />
| subdivision_name2 = <br />
| subdivision_type3 = <br />
| subdivision_name3 = <br />
| established_title = Founded<br />
| established_date = 1312 CE<br />
| founder = <br />
| seat_type = <br />
| seat = <br />
| government_footnotes = <br />
| government_type = State government<br />
| leader_party = [[Communist Party of Delkora|C]]<br />
| leader_title = Mayor<br />
| leader_name = Berit Thrane<br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --><br />
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags --><br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_urban_footnotes = <br />
| area_rural_footnotes = <br />
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| area_magnitude = <br />
| area_note = <br />
| area_water_percent = <br />
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| area_blank1_title = <br />
| area_blank2_title = <br />
<!-- square kilometers --><br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| area_land_km2 = <br />
| area_water_km2 = <br />
| area_urban_km2 = <br />
| area_rural_km2 = <br />
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| area_blank1_km2 = <br />
| area_blank2_km2 = <br />
<!-- hectares --><br />
| area_total_ha = <br />
| area_land_ha = <br />
| area_water_ha = <br />
| area_urban_ha = <br />
| area_rural_ha = <br />
| area_metro_ha = <br />
| area_blank1_ha = <br />
| area_blank2_ha = <br />
| length_km = <br />
| width_km = <br />
| dimensions_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_as_of = 2020<br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| population_total = 8,656,402<br />
| population_density_km2 = 10,000/sq mi<br />
| population_note = <br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| timezone1 = <br />
| utc_offset1 = <br />
| timezone1_DST = <br />
| utc_offset1_DST = <br />
| postal_code_type = <br />
| postal_code = <br />
| area_code_type = <br />
| area_code = <br />
| iso_code = <br />
| website = {{url|www.norenstal.del}}<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Norenstal''' is the capital and largest city of the Kingdom of Delkora, as well as one of the country's [[States of Delkora|constituent states]]. With an urban population of over 8.6 million as of the 2020 Federal Census, it is also one of the largest cities in [[Tyran|Eracura]]. The city is a major trade hub within the [[Common Sphere]] and an important political, cultural, and financial center.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
An {{wp|enclave}} of the state of Cybria, Norenstal stands on the Trydenvar River, which runs through the city from the northeast to the east. The urban center of the city is characterized by relatively flat land, while the northern parts of the metropolitan area gradually rise in elevation the farther one gets from the city center. The city has a primarily {{wp|temperate climate}} characterized by mild winters and cool summers. Because of the presence of the Trydenvar and variations in elevation throughout the metropolitan area, much of the city is designated as a floodplain, which has necessitated the development of an extensive system of levees and embankments to mitigate the effects of flooding.<br />
<br />
A distinction is often made between Norenstal proper, which encompasses only the municipal boundaries of the city, and the Norenstal Metropolitan Area, which includes not just the city proper, but also surrounding suburbs and towns that are culturally associated with the city. Areas within Norenstal proper are often described with reference to various historical districts. <br />
<br />
Old Norenstal is located at the heart of the city and is known for its historic buildings, many of which date back to the 18th Century. Hyengaard Palace, which houses the [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Federal Parliament]], is located on the west bank of the Trydenvar, with the [[Federal Constitutional Court of Delkora|Federal Constitutional Court]] located directly across the river from it. Three blocks south of Hyengaard Palace is the Chancellery Building, which houses the office of the chancellor and hosts meetings of the Cabinet. The Elvensar Parliamentary Office Complex is located down the street adjacent to Vydenhelm Square. Because of its highly-visible location next to the office complex and within view of the Chancellery, Vydenhelm Square is commonly utilized for public demonstrations and protests. Valdenharm Palace, the home of the Delkoran royal family, is located a mile north of Hyengaard Palace on the bank of the Trydenvar. City hall, which houses the Norenstal Assembly and the office of the mayor, is located several blocks to the west of the royal palace. <br />
<br />
The Downtown District encompasses the parts of the city center outside of Old Norenstal and is home to a number of government offices, including the headquarters of most federal ministries, as well as the headquarters of a number of major Delkoran companies. It has the highest population density in the country.<br />
<br />
The city's northside is home to some of the city's most affluent districts, including University Hills, which hosts the University of Norenstal, the Eastbank Market District, consisting of popular shopping malls and high end restaurants, and Avrenorn Park, one of the country's wealthiest neighborhoods. The city's southside, in contrast, has long had a more working class character and, due to racist zoning laws and de-facto segregation in the late 19th and early 20th Century, has a number of minority-majority neighborhoods.<br />
<br />
==Economy==<br />
Norenstal has a large and diverse economy that is heavily dominated by services. Its share of national GDP amounts to 9.5%, and it has the third highest GDP per capita of the Delkoran states.<br />
<br />
==Policing and crime==<br />
Routine policing in Norenstal is handled by the Norenstal Police, a civilian agency with around 23,500 uniformed officers. Although crime rates in the city have been declining in recent years, parts of the city, especially on the southside, have notably higher violent crime rates than the rest of the country. A total of 96 homicides were reported in the city in 2018, including 15 firearm-related homicides, making it the second deadliest city in the country in terms of gun violence per capita after Gothendral. Robberies and petty theft are the most commonly reported crimes in the city, followed by assault. <br />
<br />
==Government and politics==<br />
Norenstal is governed by a directly-elected legislature called the Norenstal Assembly that consists of 125 members elected using party-list proportional representation with open lists. Norenstal's head of government holds the title "mayor", although this position is functionally equivalent to the position of first minister used in other states. Like the other first ministers, they are appointed by and responsible to, the state parliament.<br />
<br />
The Constitutional Court of Norenstal is the highest judicial authority in the state, responsible for interpreting the state's constitution.<br />
===List of mayors===<br />
*[[Arne Vilhelmsen]] ([[National Labor|A]]): 1908-1920<br />
*[[Stig Hjorth]] ([[Conservative Party (Delkora)|K]]): 1920-1924<br />
*[[Frank Hartmann]] ([[National Labor|A]]): 1924-1940<br />
*[[Bjarne Simonsen]] ([[Conservative Party (Delkora)|K]]): 1940-1948<br />
*[[Ivar Søndergaard]] ([[National Labor|A]]): 1952-1960<br />
*[[Finn Truelsen]] ([[National Labor|A]]): 1960-1964<br />
*[[Jette Bruun]] ([[Communist Party of Delkora|C]]): 1964-1980<br />
*[[Nadja Lötvall]] ([[National Labor|A]]): 1980-1988<br />
*[[Lennart Eskildsen]] ([[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]): 1988-1996<br />
*[[Kurt Søndergaard]] ([[National Labor|A]]): 1996-2004<br />
*[[Benny Gregersen]] ([[National Labor|A]]): 2004-2008<br />
*[[Nilay Tahir]] ([[Liberal Party (Delkora)|L]]): 2008-2016<br />
*[[Eva Søndergaard]] ([[National Labor|A]]): 2016-2020<br />
*[[Berit Thrane]] ([[Communist Party of Delkora|C]]): 2020-present<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Tyran]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_Delkora&diff=308251List of political parties in Delkora2021-02-06T06:17:54Z<p>Delkora: </p>
<hr />
<div>The following is a list of active political parties in [[Delkora]]. Delkoran politics is characterized by a multi-party system in which it is rare for a single party to win an outright majority at either the federal or state level, making {{wp|coalition governments}} the norm.<br />
<br />
Parties are registered and validated with the [[Delkoran administrative agencies#Autonomous agencies|Federal Electoral Commission]] (''Føderale Valgkommission''), and are assigned one letter as an official symbol. On ballots, the parties are sorted alphabetically by party letter.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===First party system (1833-1880)===<br />
Political scientists often term the period of Delkoran politics ranging from the implementation of parliamentary government in 1833 up until the 1880 federal election the "first party system". Both federal and state politics during this period were dominated by the Liberal and Conservative parties, representing the political left and right respectively. <br />
<br />
This two-party system arose out of the {{wp|First-past-the-post voting|majoritarian}} electoral system of the time, which ensured that the two major parties won nearly all seats and that one of them always formed the government. Still, a handful of minor parties, notably the Agrarians, were able to win some seats, but never enough to be influential.<br />
<br />
The Conservative Party base primarily consisted of the aristocracy and wealthy urban merchants, while the Liberals represented rural interests, urban laborers, and the burgeoning Delkoran {{wp|middle class}}. The Agrarians competed with the Liberals for the support of rural communities, often causing a {{wp|vote splitting}} effect that helped elect Conservative MPs. Still, the Agrarians and Liberals often voted together on account of their shared support for land reform, small business, and limited government.<br />
<br />
===Second party system (1880-1940)===<br />
The 1880 federal election marked a major shift in Delkoran politics, in that [[National Labor]] gained a large number of seats, displacing the Liberals as the largest left-wing party in parliament. The two governed in a coalition during the chancellorship of Magnus Brom from 1880 to 1888. Brom's government successfully passed legislation implementing proportional representation, which came into effect for the 1884 federal election. <br />
<br />
This helped solidify a relatively stable three-party system in which National Labor, the Conservative Party, and the Liberals competed to lead government formation. The Liberal Party was frequently the junior coalition partner in governments of this period, often serving the role of centrist kingmaker, and participated in both National Labor and Conservative-led governments.<br />
<br />
The passage of the Jarls Amendment of 1885 caused the formation of the Progressive Party, which represented the liberal-minded nobility, supportive of reform and opposed to the conservatism and reactionary tendencies of the broader nobility.<br />
<br />
===Third party system (1940-1998)=== <br />
The [[Liberal Party split of 1940]] marked the induction of the third party system. The party's classical liberal faction broke away to form the Reform Party and joined [[Veidnar Albendor]]'s government. The Liberal Party was reshaped as a solidly leftist {{wp|social democracy|social democratic}} party closely aligned with National Labor, aided by a merger with the Progressives.<br />
<br />
Despite having an advantage at the start, Reform lost support and faded from politics, forcing the Conservative Party to rely much more heavily on the Agrarian Party. Elections in this period were thus generally contests between the National Labor-Liberal coalition and the Conservative-Agrarian coalition, with smaller parties such as the Moderates occasionally playing important roles. <br />
<br />
The 1953 Banking Crisis and subsequent economic depression caused a high-water mark of support for far-left parties such as the Progressive Workers' Party and Rally for Community and Solidarity. These parties, as well as National Labor, would see a gradual increase in their seat share throughout the 1950s as public confidence in the Albendor government waned.<br />
<br />
Held during a dire economic crisis, the [[Delkoran federal election, 1959|1959 federal election]] produced a rare single-party majority in the Chamber of Representatives when National Labor gained an outright majority. Historians often credit the party's sweeping victory to the "Elvensar Coalition" forged by National Labor leader [[Mette Elvensar]], an alliance of the party's traditional urban working class base and two social cleavages that had traditionally supported more moderate or right-wing parties: the rural working class (traditionally supporting the Agrarian Party) and the middle class (normally supporting either the Conservatives or the Liberals). Both of these groups defected to National Labor in response to deteriorating economic conditions caused by the depression of the 1950s.<br />
<br />
During this period, the Liberals gained a significant {{wpl|geolibertarianism|geolibertarian}} orientation, making them a left-wing challenger to the Agrarians in rural areas.<br />
<br />
Throughout its time in office, National Labor benefited from its new cooperation with the Liberal Party. Even when in the opposition, the Liberals often voted for key components of National Labor's [[New Kingdom]] program, and cast the deciding votes in favor of the Economic Rights Amendment. When National Labor lost its independent majority in the 1975 federal election, it entered into a coalition agreement with the Liberals, and the two would govern together until 1983.<br />
<br />
The lengthy hegemony of National Labor gave rise to a moderate faction within the Conservative Party, known as the New Conservatives. They represented {{wpl|progressive conservatism|progressive conservatives}}, supportive of the New Kingdom program, and clashed with the dominant right-wing faction. They were largely excluded from and critical of the [[Lars af Vellarand]] and [[Ulrik Andersen]] governments. When the [[neoliberal conspiracy]] was exposed, many New Conservatives split to form the Centre Democrats, adding to the Conservatives' devastation in the 1990s.<br />
<br />
===Fourth party system (1998-present)===<br />
The pivotal development of the fourth party system was the emergence of the Green Party as a major political force in the 1998 federal election. Founded in 1972, the party had been politically insignificant aside from a string of victories in state and local elections in the early 1990s. A key turning point came with the Halmodryn Lead Scandal of 1997, which helped the Greens gain a large number of seats in parliament the following year.<br />
<br />
Continued losses led to pressure for the Conservatives and Centre Democrats to reunite, as their vote-splitting was benefiting the left. The 2002 election was a watershed: although the Centre Democrats won a narrow plurality in a {{wpl|hung parliament}}, they declined to form a centre-right government as it would depend on Conservative support for a majority. Instead, a Green–Radical–Pirate minority coalition was formed by [[Kol Vossgaard]], with confidence and supply from National Labor. With the right-wing discredited by the result, the New Conservatives managed to gain influence in the Conservative Party and shift it towards the left, thus accomplishing the reunification on the Centre Democrats' terms.<br />
<br />
There was initially concern among left-wing activists that the presence of three strong leftist parties in parliament would make it easier for right-wing governments to form, as the political right was much more unified under the Conservative Party and its junior coalition partner, the Agrarians. This proved to be the case in the 2006 and 2010 federal elections: the Liberals, National Labor, and Greens collectively won more seats than the Conservative-Agrarian coalition, but failed to form a government. <br />
<br />
Led by its moderate faction, the Liberal Party was hesitant to work with the Greens for fear its radical agenda would alienate the party's moderate base. This changed with the election of [[Adric Azengaard]] as party leader in 2010, who sought to forge the country's first {{wp|Traffic light coalition|traffic light coalition}}, succeeding in the lead up to the 2014 federal election. The coalition was subsequently returned with a larger majority in the 2018 federal election, and the three parties continue to govern in a stable coalition arrangement.<br />
<br />
The defining features of the fourth party system have been the increasing unity of the Delkoran left manifested in the stable electoral alliance of the Liberals, National Labor, and Greens, as well as a general leftward shift in the Delkoran political spectrum as the moderate New Conservatives have gained power in the Conservative Party, moving it to the left on a number of economic and social issues. <br />
<br />
==Parties in the Federal Parliament==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|- valign="center"<br />
! colspan="2" | Symbol<br />
! Party<br />
! Current leader<br />
! Ideology<br />
! Position<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #FFFF00" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>L</big><br />
| [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal Party]] (''Liberale Parti'')<br />
| [[Adric Azengaard]]<br />
| {{wp|Social democracy}}, {{wp|social liberalism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-left politics|Centre-left}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #FF0000" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>A</big><br />
| [[National Labor]] (''National Arbejdskraft'')<br />
| [[Andreas Støvring]]<br />
| {{wp|Democratic socialism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-left politics|Centre-left}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #00FF00" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>G</big><br />
| The Greens (''De Grønne'')<br />
| [[Margrethe Heldenvar]]<br />
| {{wp|Green politics}}, {{wp|eco-socialism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-left politics|Centre-left}} to {{wp|Left-wing politics|Left-wing}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #00FFFF" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>K</big><br />
| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative Party]] (''Konservative Parti'')<br />
| [[Grethe Vilstrup]]<br />
| {{wp|Liberal conservatism}}, {{wp|social liberalism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #9400D3" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>B</big><br />
| Agrarian Party (''Agrariske Parti'')<br />
| [[Frans Kjær]]<br />
| {{wp|Agrarianism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centrism|Centre}} to {{wp|centre-right politics|centre-right}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #000000" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>C</big><br />
| Alliance for National Action (''Alliance for National Handling'')<br />
| [[Elsa Tolstrup]]<br />
| {{wp|Nationalism|Delkoran nationalism}}, {{wp|right-wing populism}}, {{wp|nativism}} <br />
| {{wp|Far-right politics|Far-right}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #A52A2A" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>R</big><br />
| Communist Party of Delkora (''Kommunistpartiet i Delkore'')<br />
| [[Berit Thrane]]<br />
| {{wp|Left communism}}<br />
| {{wp|Far-left politics|Far-left}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #FFA500" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>Ð</big><br />
| Lebøvian People's Party (''Lebøvsk Folkeparti'')<br />
| [[Júlia Nysted]]<br />
| {{wp|Regionalism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #8B4513" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>Y</big><br />
| Free Republicans (''Frie Republikanere'')<br />
| [[Erik Holdergaard]]<br />
| {{wp|Classical liberalism}}, {{wp|libertarianism}}, {{wp|republicanism}}<br />
| {{wp|Right-wing politics|Right-wing}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Other parties==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|- valign="center"<br />
! colspan="2" | Symbol<br />
! Party<br />
! Current leader<br />
! Ideology<br />
! Position<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #660087" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>P</big><br />
| Pirate Party (''Pirat Parti'')<br />
| Jonas Oversen<br />
| {{wp|Civil libertarianism}}, {{wp|direct democracy}}, {{wp|E-democracy}}<br />
| {{wp|Far-left politics|Far-left}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #6495ED" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>M</big><br />
| The Moderates (''Moderaterne'')<br />
| Jon Lund<br />
| {{wp|Centrism}}, {{wp|economic liberalism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centrism|Centre}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #990000" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>V</big><br />
| United Leftist Front (''Forenet Venstreorienteret Front'')<br />
| Brette Kalbenfjorn<br />
| {{wp|Authoritarian socialism}}<br />
| {{wp|Far-left politics|Far-left}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #AFEEEE" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>T</big><br />
| Union of Technocrats and Reformists (''Sammenslutning af Teknokrater og Reformister'')<br />
| Mads Nielsen<br />
| {{wp|Neo-liberalism}}, {{wp|radical centrism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #09296B" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>E</big><br />
| Freedom and Liberty Party (''Fraeher og Rettigheder Parti'')<br />
| Felix Berg<br />
| {{wp|Anarcho-capitalism}}<br />
| {{wp|Far-right politics|Far-right}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #0198E1" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>N</big><br />
| Traditionalist League (''Traditionel Liga'')<br />
| Herbert Hedegaard<br />
| {{wp|Traditionalist conservatism}}, {{wp|national conservatism}} <br />
| {{wp|Far-right politics|Far-right}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==State parties==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|- valign="center"<br />
! colspan="2" | Symbol<br />
! Party<br />
! State<br />
! Current leader<br />
! Ideology<br />
! Position<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #008080" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>ᛒ</big><br />
| Farmers' Alliance (''Bønderforbundet'')<br />
| [[Norvia]]<br />
| ?<br />
| {{wp|Agrarianism}}, {{wpl|populism}}, {{wpl|progressivism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centrism|Centre}}<br />
| Formed through a merger of the Democratic Farmers' Party and the state Agrarian Party.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Defunct parties==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|- valign="center"<br />
! colspan="2" | Symbol<br />
! Party<br />
! Founded<br />
! Dissolved<br />
! Ideology<br />
! Position<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #7F3F97" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>R</big><br />
| Republican Party (''Republikansk Parti'')<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1833<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1916<br />
| {{wp|Republicanism}}, {{wpl|radicalism (historical)|radicalism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-left politics|Centre-left}}<br />
| Split in 1916 between Left Republicans and Free Republicans. The Left Republicans later merged with the Radical Front.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #246B24" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>D</big><br />
| Democratic Farmers' Party (''Demokratisk Bondepartiet'')<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1880<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1948<br />
| {{wp|Agrarianism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centrism|Centre}} to {{wp|Centre-left politics|centre-left}}<br />
| Split from the Agrarians over the issue of working with National Labor. Later merged into the Rally for Community and Solidarity.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #00A550" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>F</big><br />
| Progressive Party (''Fremskridtspartiet'')<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1885<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1940<br />
| {{wp|Progressivism}}, {{wp|social liberalism}}, {{wp|reformism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-left politics|Centre-left}}<br />
| Formed by the progressive-leaning nobility after the Jarls Amendment of 1885. Merged into the Liberal Party following the [[Liberal Party split of 1940|1940 split]].<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: red" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>J</big><br />
| Agrarian Workers' Party (''Landbrugsarbejderes parti'')<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1912<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1930<br />
| {{wp|Agrarian socialism}}, {{wpl|land reform}}<br />
| {{wp|Far-left politics|Far-left}}<br />
| State party active in [[Cybria]]. Merged with the state's National Labor under [[Bjørn Olsen]].<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #AFEEEE" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>I</big><br />
| Reform Party (''Reformpartiet'')<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1940<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1960<br />
| {{wp|Classical liberalism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
| Split from the Liberal Party in [[Liberal Party split of 1940|1940]]. Merged with the Centre Party to form the Union of Technocrats and Reformists.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #000000" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>Ɲ</big><br />
| National Revival (''National Genoplivning'')<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1954<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1967<br />
| {{wp|National conservatism}}, {{wpl|corporatism}}, {{wpl|national syndicalism}}<br />
| {{wp|Far-right politics|Far-right}}<br />
| Emerged during the [[Delkora#Economic depression|1950s depression]]. Disbanded in 1967; Alliance for National Action is considered its successor.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #000080" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>Ɵ</big><br />
| Party of Ordinary Delkorans (''Almindelige Delkorsker Parti'')<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1968<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1982<br />
| {{wpl|Right-wing populism}}, {{wp|national conservatism}}<br />
| {{wp|Right-wing politics|Right-wing}} to {{wp|Far-right politics|far-right}}<br />
| State party active in [[Cybria]]. Right-wing splinter from the Conservative Party, based on opposition to the state government's {{wpl|affirmative action}}, {{wpl|desegregation busing}}, and immigration policies. Merged into the Alliance for National Action.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #800080" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>Œ</big><br />
| Centre Democrats (''Centrum-Demokraterne'')<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1992<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 2003<br />
| {{wp|Progressive conservatism}}, {{wpl|liberal conservatism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
| Split from the Conservative Party in the aftermath of the [[neoliberal conspiracy]]. Rejoined the Conservatives following the growth of the New Conservative faction.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_Delkora&diff=308245List of political parties in Delkora2021-02-06T06:13:59Z<p>Delkora: /* Other parties */</p>
<hr />
<div>The following is a list of active political parties in [[Delkora]]. Delkoran politics is characterized by a multi-party system in which it is rare for a single party to win an outright majority at either the federal or state level, making {{wp|coalition governments}} the norm.<br />
<br />
Parties are registered and validated with the [[Delkoran administrative agencies#Autonomous agencies|Federal Electoral Commission]] (''Føderale Valgkommission''), and are assigned one letter as an official symbol. On ballots, the parties are sorted alphabetically by party letter.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===First party system (1833-1880)===<br />
Political scientists often term the period of Delkoran politics ranging from the implementation of parliamentary government in 1833 up until the 1880 federal election the "first party system". Both federal and state politics during this period were dominated by the Liberal and Conservative parties, representing the political left and right respectively. <br />
<br />
This two-party system arose out of the {{wp|First-past-the-post voting|majoritarian}} electoral system of the time, which ensured that the two major parties won nearly all seats and that one of them always formed the government. Still, a handful of minor parties, notably the Agrarians, were able to win some seats, but never enough to be influential.<br />
<br />
The Conservative Party base primarily consisted of the aristocracy and wealthy urban merchants, while the Liberals represented rural interests, urban laborers, and the burgeoning Delkoran {{wp|middle class}}. The Agrarians competed with the Liberals for the support of rural communities, often causing a {{wp|vote splitting}} effect that helped elect Conservative MPs. Still, the Agrarians and Liberals often voted together on account of their shared support for land reform, small business, and limited government.<br />
<br />
===Second party system (1880-1940)===<br />
The 1880 federal election marked a major shift in Delkoran politics, in that [[National Labor]] gained a large number of seats, displacing the Liberals as the largest left-wing party in parliament. The two governed in a coalition during the chancellorship of Magnus Brom from 1880 to 1888. Brom's government successfully passed legislation implementing proportional representation, which came into effect for the 1884 federal election. <br />
<br />
This helped solidify a relatively stable three-party system in which National Labor, the Conservative Party, and the Liberals competed to lead government formation. The Liberal Party was frequently the junior coalition partner in governments of this period, often serving the role of centrist kingmaker, and participated in both National Labor and Conservative-led governments.<br />
<br />
The passage of the Jarls Amendment of 1885 caused the formation of the Progressive Party, which represented the liberal-minded nobility, supportive of reform and opposed to the conservatism and reactionary tendencies of the broader nobility.<br />
<br />
===Third party system (1940-1998)=== <br />
The [[Liberal Party split of 1940]] marked the induction of the third party system. The party's classical liberal faction broke away to form the Reform Party and joined [[Veidnar Albendor]]'s government. The Liberal Party was reshaped as a solidly leftist {{wp|social democracy|social democratic}} party closely aligned with National Labor, aided by a merger with the Progressives.<br />
<br />
Despite having an advantage at the start, Reform lost support and faded from politics, forcing the Conservative Party to rely much more heavily on the Agrarian Party. Elections in this period were thus generally contests between the National Labor-Liberal coalition and the Conservative-Agrarian coalition, with smaller parties such as the Moderates occasionally playing important roles. <br />
<br />
The 1953 Banking Crisis and subsequent economic depression caused a high-water mark of support for far-left parties such as the Progressive Workers' Party and Rally for Community and Solidarity. These parties, as well as National Labor, would see a gradual increase in their seat share throughout the 1950s as public confidence in the Albendor government waned.<br />
<br />
Held during a dire economic crisis, the [[Delkoran federal election, 1959|1959 federal election]] produced a rare single-party majority in the Chamber of Representatives when National Labor gained an outright majority. Historians often credit the party's sweeping victory to the "Elvensar Coalition" forged by National Labor leader [[Mette Elvensar]], an alliance of the party's traditional urban working class base and two social cleavages that had traditionally supported more moderate or right-wing parties: the rural working class (traditionally supporting the Agrarian Party) and the middle class (normally supporting either the Conservatives or the Liberals). Both of these groups defected to National Labor in response to deteriorating economic conditions caused by the depression of the 1950s.<br />
<br />
During this period, the Liberals gained a significant {{wpl|geolibertarianism|geolibertarian}} orientation, making them a left-wing challenger to the Agrarians in rural areas.<br />
<br />
Throughout its time in office, National Labor benefited from its new cooperation with the Liberal Party. Even when in the opposition, the Liberals often voted for key components of National Labor's [[New Kingdom]] program, and cast the deciding votes in favor of the Economic Rights Amendment. When National Labor lost its independent majority in the 1975 federal election, it entered into a coalition agreement with the Liberals, and the two would govern together until 1983.<br />
<br />
The lengthy hegemony of National Labor gave rise to a moderate faction within the Conservative Party, known as the New Conservatives. They represented {{wpl|progressive conservatism|progressive conservatives}}, supportive of the New Kingdom program, and clashed with the dominant right-wing faction. They were largely excluded from and critical of the [[Lars af Vellarand]] and [[Ulrik Andersen]] governments. When the [[neoliberal conspiracy]] was exposed, many New Conservatives split to form the Centre Democrats, adding to the Conservatives' devastation in the 1990s.<br />
<br />
===Fourth party system (1998-present)===<br />
The pivotal development of the fourth party system was the emergence of the Green Party as a major political force in the 1998 federal election. Founded in 1972, the party had been politically insignificant aside from a string of victories in state and local elections in the early 1990s. A key turning point came with the Halmodryn Lead Scandal of 1997, which helped the Greens gain a large number of seats in parliament the following year.<br />
<br />
Continued losses led to pressure for the Conservatives and Centre Democrats to reunite, as their vote-splitting was benefiting the left. The 2002 election was a watershed: although the Centre Democrats won a narrow plurality in a {{wpl|hung parliament}}, they declined to form a centre-right government as it would depend on Conservative support for a majority. Instead, a Green–Radical–Pirate minority coalition was formed by [[Kol Vossgaard]], with confidence and supply from National Labor. With the right-wing discredited by the result, the New Conservatives managed to gain influence in the Conservative Party and shift it towards the left, thus accomplishing the reunification on the Centre Democrats' terms.<br />
<br />
There was initially concern among left-wing activists that the presence of three strong leftist parties in parliament would make it easier for right-wing governments to form, as the political right was much more unified under the Conservative Party and its junior coalition partner, the Agrarians. This proved to be the case in the 2006 and 2010 federal elections: the Liberals, National Labor, and Greens collectively won more seats than the Conservative-Agrarian coalition, but failed to form a government. <br />
<br />
Led by its moderate faction, the Liberal Party was hesitant to work with the Greens for fear its radical agenda would alienate the party's moderate base. This changed with the election of [[Adric Azengaard]] as party leader in 2010, who sought to forge the country's first {{wp|Traffic light coalition|traffic light coalition}}, succeeding in the lead up to the 2014 federal election. The coalition was subsequently returned with a larger majority in the 2018 federal election, and the three parties continue to govern in a stable coalition arrangement.<br />
<br />
The defining features of the fourth party system have been the increasing unity of the Delkoran left manifested in the stable electoral alliance of the Liberals, National Labor, and Greens, as well as a general leftward shift in the Delkoran political spectrum as the moderate New Conservatives have gained power in the Conservative Party, moving it to the left on a number of economic and social issues. <br />
<br />
==Parties in the Federal Parliament==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|- valign="center"<br />
! colspan="2" | Symbol<br />
! Party<br />
! Current leader<br />
! Ideology<br />
! Position<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #FFFF00" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>L</big><br />
| [[Liberal Party (Delkora)|Liberal Party]] (''Liberale Parti'')<br />
| [[Adric Azengaard]]<br />
| {{wp|Social democracy}}, {{wp|social liberalism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-left politics|Centre-left}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #FF0000" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>A</big><br />
| [[National Labor]] (''National Arbejdskraft'')<br />
| [[Andreas Støvring]]<br />
| {{wp|Democratic socialism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-left politics|Centre-left}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #00FF00" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>G</big><br />
| The Greens (''De Grønne'')<br />
| [[Margrethe Heldenvar]]<br />
| {{wp|Green politics}}, {{wp|eco-socialism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-left politics|Centre-left}} to {{wp|Left-wing politics|Left-wing}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #00FFFF" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>K</big><br />
| [[Conservative Party (Delkora)|Conservative Party]] (''Konservative Parti'')<br />
| [[Grethe Vilstrup]]<br />
| {{wp|Liberal conservatism}}, {{wp|social liberalism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #9400D3" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>B</big><br />
| Agrarian Party (''Agrariske Parti'')<br />
| [[Frans Kjær]]<br />
| {{wp|Agrarianism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centrism|Centre}} to {{wp|centre-right politics|centre-right}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #000000" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>C</big><br />
| Alliance for National Action (''Alliance for National Handling'')<br />
| [[Elsa Tolstrup]]<br />
| {{wp|Nationalism|Delkoran nationalism}}, {{wp|right-wing populism}}, {{wp|nativism}} <br />
| {{wp|Far-right politics|Far-right}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #FF69B4" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>R</big><br />
| Radical Front (''Radikal Front'')<br />
| [[Olbren Brødsgaard]]<br />
| {{wp|Anarcho-communism}}, {{wp|libertarian socialism}}<br />
| {{wp|Far-left politics|Far-left}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #FFA500" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>Ð</big><br />
| Lebøvian People's Party (''Lebøvsk Folkeparti'')<br />
| [[Júlia Nysted]]<br />
| {{wp|Regionalism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #8B4513" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>Y</big><br />
| Free Republicans (''Frie Republikanere'')<br />
| [[Erik Holdergaard]]<br />
| {{wp|Classical liberalism}}, {{wp|libertarianism}}, {{wp|republicanism}}<br />
| {{wp|Right-wing politics|Right-wing}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Other parties==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|- valign="center"<br />
! colspan="2" | Symbol<br />
! Party<br />
! Current leader<br />
! Ideology<br />
! Position<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #660087" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>P</big><br />
| Pirate Party (''Pirat Parti'')<br />
| Jonas Oversen<br />
| {{wp|Civil libertarianism}}, {{wp|direct democracy}}, {{wp|E-democracy}}<br />
| {{wp|Far-left politics|Far-left}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #39944A" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>Ø</big><br />
| Eco-Anarchist Alliance (''Økologisk Anarkist Alliance'')<br />
| Sabiyya Rahmani<br />
| {{wp|Green anarchism}}<br />
| {{wp|Far-left politics|Far-left}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #A52A2A" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>U</big><br />
| [[Communist Party of Delkora]] (''Kommunistpartiet i Delkore'')<br />
| Berit Thrane<br />
| {{wp|Left communism}}<br />
| {{wp|Far-left politics|Far-left}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #6495ED" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>M</big><br />
| The Moderates (''Moderaterne'')<br />
| Jon Lund<br />
| {{wp|Centrism}}, {{wp|economic liberalism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centrism|Centre}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #990000" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>V</big><br />
| United Leftist Front (''Forenet Venstreorienteret Front'')<br />
| Brette Kalbenfjorn<br />
| {{wp|Authoritarian socialism}}<br />
| {{wp|Far-left politics|Far-left}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #AFEEEE" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>T</big><br />
| Union of Technocrats and Reformists (''Sammenslutning af Teknokrater og Reformister'')<br />
| Mads Nielsen<br />
| {{wp|Neo-liberalism}}, {{wp|radical centrism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #09296B" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>E</big><br />
| Freedom and Liberty Party (''Fraeher og Rettigheder Parti'')<br />
| Felix Berg<br />
| {{wp|Anarcho-capitalism}}<br />
| {{wp|Far-right politics|Far-right}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #0198E1" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>N</big><br />
| Traditionalist League (''Traditionel Liga'')<br />
| Herbert Hedegaard<br />
| {{wp|Traditionalist conservatism}}, {{wp|national conservatism}} <br />
| {{wp|Far-right politics|Far-right}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==State parties==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|- valign="center"<br />
! colspan="2" | Symbol<br />
! Party<br />
! State<br />
! Current leader<br />
! Ideology<br />
! Position<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #008080" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>ᛒ</big><br />
| Farmers' Alliance (''Bønderforbundet'')<br />
| [[Norvia]]<br />
| ?<br />
| {{wp|Agrarianism}}, {{wpl|populism}}, {{wpl|progressivism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centrism|Centre}}<br />
| Formed through a merger of the Democratic Farmers' Party and the state Agrarian Party.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Defunct parties==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|- valign="center"<br />
! colspan="2" | Symbol<br />
! Party<br />
! Founded<br />
! Dissolved<br />
! Ideology<br />
! Position<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #7F3F97" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>R</big><br />
| Republican Party (''Republikansk Parti'')<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1833<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1916<br />
| {{wp|Republicanism}}, {{wpl|radicalism (historical)|radicalism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-left politics|Centre-left}}<br />
| Split in 1916 between Left Republicans and Free Republicans. The Left Republicans later merged with the Radical Front.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #246B24" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>D</big><br />
| Democratic Farmers' Party (''Demokratisk Bondepartiet'')<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1880<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1948<br />
| {{wp|Agrarianism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centrism|Centre}} to {{wp|Centre-left politics|centre-left}}<br />
| Split from the Agrarians over the issue of working with National Labor. Later merged into the Rally for Community and Solidarity.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #00A550" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>F</big><br />
| Progressive Party (''Fremskridtspartiet'')<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1885<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1940<br />
| {{wp|Progressivism}}, {{wp|social liberalism}}, {{wp|reformism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-left politics|Centre-left}}<br />
| Formed by the progressive-leaning nobility after the Jarls Amendment of 1885. Merged into the Liberal Party following the [[Liberal Party split of 1940|1940 split]].<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: red" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>J</big><br />
| Agrarian Workers' Party (''Landbrugsarbejderes parti'')<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1912<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1930<br />
| {{wp|Agrarian socialism}}, {{wpl|land reform}}<br />
| {{wp|Far-left politics|Far-left}}<br />
| State party active in [[Cybria]]. Merged with the state's National Labor under [[Bjørn Olsen]].<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #AFEEEE" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>I</big><br />
| Reform Party (''Reformpartiet'')<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1940<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1960<br />
| {{wp|Classical liberalism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
| Split from the Liberal Party in [[Liberal Party split of 1940|1940]]. Merged with the Centre Party to form the Union of Technocrats and Reformists.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #000000" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>Ɲ</big><br />
| National Revival (''National Genoplivning'')<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1954<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1967<br />
| {{wp|National conservatism}}, {{wpl|corporatism}}, {{wpl|national syndicalism}}<br />
| {{wp|Far-right politics|Far-right}}<br />
| Emerged during the [[Delkora#Economic depression|1950s depression]]. Disbanded in 1967; Alliance for National Action is considered its successor.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #000080" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>Ɵ</big><br />
| Party of Ordinary Delkorans (''Almindelige Delkorsker Parti'')<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1968<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1982<br />
| {{wpl|Right-wing populism}}, {{wp|national conservatism}}<br />
| {{wp|Right-wing politics|Right-wing}} to {{wp|Far-right politics|far-right}}<br />
| State party active in [[Cybria]]. Right-wing splinter from the Conservative Party, based on opposition to the state government's {{wpl|affirmative action}}, {{wpl|desegregation busing}}, and immigration policies. Merged into the Alliance for National Action.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color: #800080" |<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>Œ</big><br />
| Centre Democrats (''Centrum-Demokraterne'')<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 1992<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | 2003<br />
| {{wp|Progressive conservatism}}, {{wpl|liberal conservatism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
| Split from the Conservative Party in the aftermath of the [[neoliberal conspiracy]]. Rejoined the Conservatives following the growth of the New Conservative faction.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]</div>Delkorahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Communist_Party_of_Delkora&diff=308237Communist Party of Delkora2021-02-06T06:03:45Z<p>Delkora: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political party<br />
| name = Communist Party of Delkora<br />
| native_name = Kommunistpartiet i Delkore<br />
| native_name_lang =<br />
| lang1 = <br />
| name_lang1 = <br />
| lang2 = <br />
| name_lang2 = <br />
| lang3 = <br />
| name_lang3 = <br />
| lang4 = <br />
| name_lang4 = <br />
| logo = CPUSA.png<br />
| logo_size = 150px<br />
| caption =<br />
| colorcode = #A52A2A<br />
| abbreviation = KPD<br />
| leader = [[Berit Thrane]]<br />
| president = <br />
| chairperson =<br />
| vice_chairperson = <br />
| general_secretary = <br />
| first_secretary =<br />
| secretary_general = <br />
| presidium =<br />
| secretary =<br />
| spokesperson = <br />
| founder = [[Rethe Lundgren]]<br />
| leader1_title = <br />
| leader1_name = <br />
| leader2_title = <br />
| leader2_name = <br />
| leader3_title = <br />
| leader3_name = <br />
| leader4_title = <br />
| leader4_name = <br />
| leader5_title = <br />
| leader5_name = <br />
| founded = 1914<br />
| registered = <br />
| legalised = <br />
| dissolved = <br />
| banned = <br />
| merger = <br />
| split = [[National Labor]] <br />
| predecessor = <br />
| merged = <br />
| successor = <br />
| headquarters = [[Norenstal]]<br />
| newspaper = ''Kampen'' <br />
| think_tank = <br />
| student_wing = <br />
| youth_wing = Rød Ungdom<br />
| womens_wing = <br />
| wing1_title = <br />
| wing1 = <br />
| wing2_title = <br />
| wing2 = <br />
| wing3_title = <br />
| wing3 = <br />
| wing4_title = <br />
| wing4 = <br />
| membership_year = 2020<br />
| membership = {{increase}} 489,723<br />
| ideology = {{wp|Left communism}}<br />
| position = {{wp|Far-left politics|Far-left}}<br />
| religion = <br />
| national = <br />
| regional = <br />
| european = <br />
| continental = <br />
| international =<br />
| europarl = <br />
| affiliation1_title = <br />
| affiliation1 =<br />
| colors = {{colorbox|#A52A2A|border=lightgray}} {{wp|Auburn}}<br />
| slogan = <br />
| anthem = "The Internationale"<br />
| blank1_title = <br />
| blank1 = <br />
| blank2_title = <br />
| blank2 = <br />
| blank3_title = <br />
| blank3 = <br />
| blank4_title = <br />
| blank4 = <br />
| seats1_title = [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Chamber of Representatives]]<br />
| seats1 = {{Infobox political party/seats|14|500|hex=#A52A2A}}<br />
| seats2_title = [[Delkoran Federal Parliament|Chamber of Nobles]] <br />
| seats2 = {{Infobox political party/seats|0|200|hex=#A52A2A}}<br />
| seats3_title = [[States of Delkora|First ministers]] <br />
| seats3 = {{Infobox political party/seats|1|7|hex=#A52A2A}}<br />
| seats4_title = [[States of Delkora|State parliaments]]<br />
| seats4 = {{Infobox political party/seats|80|1150|hex=#A52A2A}}<br />
| seats5_title = [[Local government in Delkora|County councils]]<br />
| seats5 = {{Infobox political party/seats|217|2317|hex=#A52A2A}}<br />
| seats6_title = [[Local government in Delkora|Municipal councils]]<br />
| seats6 = {{Infobox political party/seats|3682|47580|hex=#A52A2A}} <br />
| symbol = U<br />
| flag = <br />
| website = {{url|www.kpd.del}}<br />
| state = <br />
| country = [[Delkora]]<br />
| country_dab1 = <br />
| parties_dab1 = <br />
| elections_dab1 = <br />
| country2 = <br />
| country_dab2 = <br />
| parties_dab2 = <br />
| elections_dab2 = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Communist Party of Delkora''' ({{wp|Danish language|Delkoran}}: ''Kommunistpartiet i Delkore'') is a {{wp|Far-left politics|far-left}} [[List of political parties in Delkora|political party]] in [[Delkora]]. Since its founding in 1914, the party has had a considerable impact on Delkoran politics and at various times has played a leading role in the Delkoran labor movement. The party's leader, Berit Thrane, currently serves as the mayor of [[Norenstal]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The KPD was formed in 1914 after the revolutionary wing of [[National Labor]], led by [[Rethe Lundgren]], broke away from the party in response to its support for the Imperial Separatists in the [[Ruvelkan Civil War]]. It went on to play a central role in the unsuccessful [[1916 Delkoran uprisings|1916 uprisings]], leading to several key figures being arrested. Passage of the [[Sedition Acts (Delkora)|Sedition Acts]] greatly hampered the party's ability to organize and disseminate propaganda.<br />
<br />
The failed uprisings fueled the [[Delkoran red scare#First red scare|first red scare]] in Delkora, during which there was a major push to oust communists from trade unions and government agencies. Nonetheless, the party came to develop deep ties to the labor movement, challenging the conservative leadership of the unions and playing an important role in the [[1946 Delkoran steel strikes|1946 steel strikes]]. As a result of these efforts, KPD membership swelled to over 300,000 by the mid-1950s.<br />
<br />
In the 1940s, the party established a close relationship with [[General Labor Confederation of Delkora|LO]] president [[Mireli Sørensen]], who opened the door of the organization to communists, socialists, and anarchists. Several major unions, including most notably the United Industrial Workers, came under communist leadership through organizing efforts led by the KPD and other radical groups. <br />
<br />
For much of the party's early history, it abstained from elections, although in 1959 a decision was made at the party congress that year to begin fielding candidates for office. While the KPD had some notable successes at the state and local level in the early 1960s, most notably in Norenstal under the premiership of [[Jette Bruun]], it remained a marginal force at the federal level and saw its support slowly wane as the prosperity brought about by the [[New Kingdom]] demobilized many of its supporters.<br />
<br />
In office, KPD candidates were critically supportive of New Kingdom initiatives, generally voting for them while simultaneously calling for more far-reaching measures. Fearing the possibility of being co-opted into the New Kingdom bureaucracy, party members refused appointments to agencies like the National Industrial Administration and the Federal Public Works Commission. Likewise, the party has maintained a policy of refusing to participate in or support National Labor-led governments.<br />
<br />
In the 1980s, the party was vocally opposed to the neoliberal reforms of the governments of [[Lars af Vellarand]] and [[Ulrik Andersen]], helping to mobilize nationwide protests throughout the decade. <br />
<br />
==Ideology==<br />
The KPD is a {{wp|Far-left politics|far-left}} political party that calls for a world revolution led by the working-class with the goal of establishing a {{wp|Communism|communist}} society. Since its inception, the party's program and strategy have been heavily influenced by the political ideas of its founder, Rethe Lundgren, who was critical of the {{wp|Authoritarian socialism|authoritarian}} and {{wp|Bureaucratic collectivism|bureaucratic}} development of socialism in the [[Ruvelkan Socialist Republic]].<br />
<br />
The party rejects {{wp|vanguardism}}, arguing that the revolution must be carried out by elected {{wp|workers' councils}} that will then serve as the primary institutions of the new socialist society and oversee the {{wp|withering away of the state}}. <br />
<br />
While critical of nationalism, it supports struggles for {{wp|National liberation (Marxism)|national self-determination}}.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Delkora]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Delkora]]</div>Delkora