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<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{WIP}}<br />
{{Infobox country<br />
|native_name = Mutul<br />
|conventional_long_name = The Divine Kingdom<br />
|common_name = The Mutul<br />
|image_flag = Mutul Flag.png<br />
|alt_flag = <br />
|image_coat = Tikal (glyph).png<br />
|alt_coat =<br />
|symbol_type = Seal of the Ilok'tab Dynasty<br />
|national_motto =<br />
|national_anthem = {{wp|Songs of Dzitbalche|Those who build houses and temples}}<br />
|royal_anthem = <br />
|other_symbol_type =<br />
|other_symbol =<br />
|image_map = Mutul Map.png<br />
|map_width = 200px<br />
|alt_map = <br />
|map_caption = The Divine Kingdom.<br />
|image_map2 = <br />
|alt_map2 =<br />
|map_caption2 = <br />
|capital = [[K'alak Muul]]<br />
|largest_city = <br />
|largest_settlement = <br />
|largest_settlement_type =<br />
|languages_type = Official language<br />
|languages = {{wp|Classic Maya language|Mutli}}<br />
|languages_sub = <br />
|languages2_type = Recognized language<br />
|languages2 = {{wp|Mayan languages|Mutun languages}}<br>{{wp|Oto-Manguean languages|N’yuho-Diidxazá languages}}<br>{{wp|Chibchan languages|Chibchan languages}}<br />
|languages2_sub =<br />
|ethnic_groups = <br />
{{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap;<br />
| {{wp|maya people|Chaan people}}<br />
| {{wp|Zapotec peoples|Ben Zaa}}<br />
| {{wp|Mixtec|Nuu Davi}}<br />
| {{wp|Totonac|Tatinak}}<br />
| {{wp|Lencas}}<br />
| {{wp|Chibchan languages|Chibchas}}<br />
}}<br />
|ethnic_groups_year = 2010<br />
|religion = <br />
|demonym = Mutulese<br />
|government_type = Absolute Monarchy<br />
|leader_title1 = K'uhul Ajaw<br />
|leader_name1 = [[Jasaw Chan K'awiil V]]<br />
|leader_title2 =<br />
|leader_name2 = <br />
|leader_title3 = <br />
|leader_name3 = <br />
|legislature = <br />
|sovereignty_type = Formation<br />
|established_event1 = [[Paol'lunyu Dynasty|First Dynasty]]<br />
|established_date1 = 1500 BCE<br />
|established_event2 = [[Nakabe Revolt]]<br />
|established_date2 = 400 BCE<br />
| established_event3 = [[Chaan Dynasty]]<br />
| established_date3 = 360 BCE<br />
| established_event4 = [[K'uy Dynasty]]<br />
| established_date4 = 304 CE<br />
| established_event5 = [[Belfrasian Crusade]]<br />
| established_date5 = 1256 CE<br />
|established_event6 = [[War for Kahei]]<br />
|established_date6 = 1610 CE<br />
|established_event7 = [[Sajal War]]<br />
|established_date7 = 1828 CE<br />
|established_event8 = [[Belfro-Mutulese war of 1911]]<br />
|established_date8 = 1911 CE<br />
|area_rank =<br />
|area_magnitude =<br />
|area =<br />
|area_km2 = 2,310,428.529<br />
|area_sq_mi =<br />
|area_footnote =<br />
|percent_water =<br />
|area_label =<br />
|area_label2 =<br />
|area_dabodyalign =<br />
|population_estimate = <br />
|population_estimate_rank = <br />
|population_estimate_year = <br />
|population_census = 160,599,588<br />
|population_census_year = 2021<br />
|population_density_km2 = 69.34<br />
|population_density_sq_mi = <br />
|population_density_rank =<br />
|GDP_PPP = <br />
|GDP_PPP_rank =<br />
|GDP_PPP_year = <br />
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = <br />
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = <br />
|GDP_nominal = $2,606,651,762,931<br />
|GDP_nominal_rank = <br />
|GDP_nominal_year = 2018<br />
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $16,230.75<br />
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = <br />
|Gini = 0.52<br />
|Gini_rank =<br />
|Gini_year =<br />
|Gini_category =<br />
|HDI =0.69<br />
|HDI_rank =<br />
|HDI_year =<br />
|HDI_category =<span style="color:#090;">high</span><br />
|currency = [[B'ul (currency)|B'ul]]<br />
|currency_code =<br />
|time_zone =<br />
|utc_offset =<br />
|time_zone_DST =<br />
|date_format =dd/mm/yyyy ({{wp|Maya calendar|Calendar Round}})<br />
|DST_note =<br />
|utc_offset_DST =<br />
|drives_on = right<br />
|cctld =.mt<br />
|iso3166code =MU<br />
|calling_code =+39<br />
|patron_god = {{wp|Chac}} <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Divine Kingdom''', also known as '''The Mutul''' or '''The Crown''' is an {{wp|Absolute Monarchy}} in [[Ajax]] ruled by the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]], [[Jasaw Chan K'awiil V]] of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]]. With a population of around 160 million inhabitants it is the most populous country in [[Ajax#Oxidentale|Oxidentale]] {{Citation needed}}. Covering approximately 2.7 million km², it is the second largest country of its continent.<br />
<br />
The [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] is the most recent of a long series of dynasties, or kingdoms, sharing the glyph-emblem of '''Mutul''', which indicates the royal and superior nature of the dynasty over the other existing kingdoms. It is surrounded by [[Sante Reze]] to the south-east, [[Kayahallpa]] to the south, the [[Makria ocean]] to the west, and shares maritime borders with [[Belfras]] and [[Ayeli]] to the north.<br />
<br />
The Mutul emerged as the world's earliest civilization in the world{{Citation needed}}, with the Paleo-Chaan and [[Yajawil_of_Yokok'ab#Chakb.E2.80.99ah|Chakb’ah]] peoples erecting their first cities around 3000 BC. Since then, the country was unified and fractured numerous times, with its last [[Cousins War|period of division]] in the 11th century. As a polytheist kingdom, it fought with the [[Latium|Latin Empire]] over [[Belfras]] and the partition of the [[Kayamuca Empire]] in the 13th century in conflicts known as the [[Belfrasian Crusade]] and the [[Xuman Crusade]], part of the larger series of [[Norumbian Crusades]] performed by the Latin Empire during the 13th and 14th century. Ultimately defeated in Norumbia, the Divine Kingdom was more successful in Ochran, gaining the privilege of being the sole foreigners allowed in [[Tsurushima]] after the [[Tsurushima#End of the Isawa Shogunate|Kirishtan Uprising]] and then obtaining a permanent foothold in the Kayatman Ocean after their victory in the [[War for Kahei]]. It would mark the beginning of the Mutul's own [[Mutulese Ochran|colonial enterprise]], going as far as [[Bemiritra]], taken by the Mutuleses during the [[Ozeros War]].<br />
<br />
The 20th century was a difficult era for the Mutul: it lost grip over its colonial empire during the [[Second War for Kahei]], lost all of its Oxidentaleses protectorates and some of its territories to the newly re-constructed [[Kayahallpa]] in 1818, and ultimately entered a devastating civil war known as the [[Sajal War]] in 1828. Even after the [[Itzamnaaj B'alam|Itzamnaaj Reformation]] that allowed the Mutul to fight back against Kayahallpa, it was still forced to abandon most of its remaning oversea possessions after the [[Arthuristan Ultimatum]] in 1841. The long lasting reign of [[ Balijaj Chan K'awiil]] allowed the Mutul to stabilize itself and resume its industrialization.<br />
<br />
The modern era of the Mutul was also characterized by the rekindling of the conflict with the [[Latium]], culminating with the [[Belfro-Mutulese war of 1911]] and continuing further with the [[Belfro-Mutulese war of 1928|war of 1928]] and the controversial participation of the Mutul to the [[Social War]] and the trade war of 1952. Nonetheless, the Divine Monarchy is now a rising economy again. Despite high disparity in its economic situations, between some extremely rich cities and ports and vast swaths of lands still considered “backwards”, the current K’uhul Ajaw, [[Jasaw Chan K'awiil V]], continue the work of his father and grandfather to modernise and transform the kingdom into a serious player on the international scene, having to handle a very traditionalist society (in its religions and practices notably) and the needs of the nation.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
===First Dynasty===<br />
{{Main|Paol'lunyu Dynasty}}<br />
{{see also|Nakabe Revolt}}<br />
[[File:Kaminaljuyu_2.jpg|200px|thumbnail|left|The ruin of Kaminyajulyu, the first capital of the Mutul.]]<br />
Agricutural settlements in today Mutul date back as far as 3000 BC, but the first real cities only appear between 1500 and 1000 BC. 13 cities from this period show the characteristics considered central to the proto-mulul civilisation, such as a distinct architectural style and the use of proto-glyphs.<br />
<br />
By 1000, the city of Kaminyajulyu became to dominant power in the region as the capital of the Papol’lunyu Dynasty. While the First Dynasty had no real control over the others states, they all respected them and paid tribute every year to Kaminyajulyu. They also sent their sons to be educated as hostages in the royal palace, and their daugthers to marry into the Papol’lunyu clan. Sometimes, the other Ajawtek even made the journey to Kaminyajulyu themselves to participate in important religious ceremonies, sport events, or large hunts, adding another level of submission to the main dynasty.<br />
<br />
The Paol’lunyu legitimized their dominion by their control of water and the vast infrastructures they built. Kaminyajuylu was at the center of a vast web of canals and aqueducts, used to deliver waters to the main settlements, to irrigate the cultures and to transports merchandises and goods from one settlement to another. Cotton was grown as well as maize; palaeobotanical research also has identified annonas, avocados, cacao, black beans, palm nuts, plums, and sapodilla. Jades and obsidian were mined and wood exploited.<br />
<br />
During the second half of the Paol’lunyu Dynasty, new clans and tribes started to pay tributes to the Ajaw of Kaminyajuylu and to adopt their traditions and customs. At least five new cities with vast and complex religious and administrative centers were built. Of these, Nakabe became a new dominant political center, replacing the weakning Paol’lunyu Dynasty as the Hegemon of the North. The [[Nakabe Revolt]] of 400BC saw the overthrowing of the Paol’lunyu, the destruction of most of Kaminyajuylu and the division of the Paolunyian Mutul between three competiting “Mutals” : Nakabe, [[Takalik]], and [[Izapak]]. The period of war and of cultural change, notably in the role of the K’uhul Ajaw, “Divine King”, with vast centralization efforts by all dynasties.<br />
<br />
===Chaan Era (6th Dynasty)===<br />
{{Main|Chaan Dynasty}}<br />
[[File:Izapa_stela25.jpg|200px|thumbnail|right|The oldest known version of the "Heroic Twins" story date back to the 5th Dynasty.]]<br />
The victory of the Nakabe Mutul over Takalik Abak after 50 years of war lead to the secret alliance between Izapak and the Yajaw (vassal) of Yux, who grew unruly after the ever more tyrannical practices of his master the K’uhul Ajaw of Nakabe. The rebellion of Yux, helped by Izapak and the recently defeated vassals of Takalik Abak. Nakabe was destroyed and Yux became its own Mutul with its own Dynasty, the Fifth, who after enough marriages with the Fourth Dynasty re-united the Mayan cities under the rule of Wabak'el Chaan, foundator of the Chaan (also known as the Sixth) Dynasty, in 320 BC.<br />
<br />
Despite its 50 years long war, the Mutulese civilisation kept expanding through the use of mercenaries tribes that adopted Mutulese practices and cultures and introduced their own gods. Wabak'el Chaan restored the old canals systems and even built roads, new temples and many monuments celebrating the victory of his ancestors and the submission of the Mutul to the gods. The water control systems rebuilt and expanded and the bureaucracy reformed, the Mutul knew an explosion in term of demography and the colonisation of new territories through many wars with other cultures that were defeated, destroyed or forced to pay a tribute to the K’uhul Ajaw.<br />
<br />
===Chi'kin Era===<br />
{{see also|Chik'in Kingdom}}<br />
{{see also|K'uy Dynasty}}<br />
[[File:SSA41434.JPG|250px|thumbnail|left|[[Danguixh]] was the original capital of the Kuy dynasty.]]<br />
This Chaan Golden Age ended in 250 AD when the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K’uhul Ajaw]] died and a conflict started between his sons to know who will succeed him. This conflict is generally known as the [[Brothers War]]. The powerful state known as the [[Chik'in Kingdom]], to the west of the Mutul, exploited the occasion to grow and ultimately, under the leadership of [[Jatz’om Kuy]], defeated the various Mutal and established the [[K'uy Dynasty]] by enthroning his son, [[Yax Nun Ahin]], as the new K’uhul Ajaw in 301 CE.<br />
<br />
In 357 CE, 56 years after Jatz’om Kuy’s conquests, his grandson [[Siyaj Chan K’awiil]], in the 30th year of his rule, moved his capital from [[Danguixh]] to the rebuilt city of Yux, renamed Uaxakatz’am, thus starting the [[Kuy Dynasty|Tz’amkuy Dynasty]].<br />
<br />
===K'iche Era===<br />
{{see also|Nimabal K'iche Dynasty}}<br />
{{see also|Ilok'tab Dynasty}}<br />
[[File:Aztec_costumes_and_arms_people_page_99.png|200px|thumbnail|right|The K'iche were reknown for their warlike traditions.]]<br />
Despite climatic conditions becoming more clement, the war didn’t stop. With the weakening of the Mutul military presence on its borders, most of its fortress and water control systems fell to the Q’umarkaj Kingdom (named after its capital), a tribal federation led by the Nima K’iche lineage. Using the political division of the Mutals, the Q‘umarkaj kingdom expanded quickly and its leader, [[K'ukumatz]] established itself as the new [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] of the Nima K'iche Dynasty. However, the Dynasty was short-lived : K'ukumatz died in 1099 during a battle against the K'oja People who had rebelled against the K'iche. The revolt was put down by his son, [[K'ikab]]. But in 1109, ten years after his crowning, two of K'ikab sons and their vassals rebelled against their father. This first rebellion ended in a defeat of the royalists and a strengthening of the aristocratic lineages and a re-negociation of K'ikab inheritance. But the death of his first son, Waxak, before he could inherit the throne, led his two brothers and their respective partisans into a fraticidal war for the throne. K'ikab, then terribly ill and dying, agreed to follow his non-K'iche courtesans' advises and summon a large noble council. The Council decided, following the previous dynasties' customs but against K'iche's traditions, to elect Tziawilix the K'uhul Ajaw's daughter as K'uhul Ajaw. After K'ikab's death in 1114, Xiu Tzik'in succeeded him in a purely legal manner as she was his last living descendent, her brothers having been killed during the civil war. Her own son, [[Oxib Keh]], inherited her position in 1142 but since the K'iche are a patrilineal people, he is considered to be the founder of the [[Tamub Dynasty]].<br />
<br />
In 1198 the Tamub [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] [[B'ah Chich]], was only seven years old and showed signs of mental deficiencies. A council of regents was put in charge of the country. Tecuman was one of the regents elected by the noble council, but through political manoeuvering and court intrigue and managed to sideline all the other regents. In 1202, B'ach Chich died after a mental health crisis. The same year, Tecuman, who was the uncle of B'ah Chich and thus had the "Blood of Chaak", was elected by the noble council as the new K'uhul Ajaw. Breaking away with some K'iche traditions, he renewed with the custom of regnal names, being crowned as [[Jasaw Chan K'awiil III]]. He would be the first Divine Lord of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] that is still in place to this day.<br />
<br />
===The Belfrasian Crusade===<br />
{{main|Belfrasian Crusade}}<br />
[[File:Battleotumba.jpg|250px|thumb|Depiction of a battle between the Mutuleses and the Latins in Norumbia]]<br />
In 1256, Theodora, [[Monarchy of Latium|Empress of the Latins]], managed to convince the Pope to send a crusade against the [[Benfrasse League]]. However, and to the surprise of most, the K'uhul Ajaw [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|Tecuman]] declared itself protector of the old [[Kayamuca Empire|Kayamucan]] colonies, and sent an army to modern-day [[Belfras]] to oppose the crusaders. The intervention of the Mutul in the conflict however renforced the religious aspect of the war, especially after the sacrifice of [[Valens Terentius]] and other acts considered to be of senseless violences by the crusaders, confronted to a foreign conception of war and battles.<br />
<br />
Ultimatey, very few cities rallied behind the Mutul and the expedition was forced to retreat to the [[Kalinagos islands]]. The [[battle of Kali'na]] was one of the last confrontation of the crusade and saw the defeat of the fleet led by [[Aulus Visellius]] which was unable to take over the fortified island, and was washed ashore by a violent storm. Most of the crusaders were either killed or captured and sacrified by the Mutulians.<br />
<br />
The battle of Kali'na could have signed the failure of the crusade, as after it, the latins lacked the transports and the manpower to oppose a second Mutulian incursion in Belfras. However, [[Tecuman]] sent ambassadors to the crusaders, to negociate. The resulting treaty, known as the [[Treaty of Beikena]], divided the [[Runakunian Empire|Kustakuna]] in two. The colonies in Skraelingia would be under Latin supervision, while the Oxidentale colonies would join the Mutul.<br />
<br />
The historians can only make suppositions about the reasons behind this sudden change of tactic by the [[K'uhul Ajaw]]. Theoretically, the manpower of the Mutul was far from depleted and a second expedition in [[Belfras]] was possible, especially after the victory at [[Kali'na]]. However, there is evidences of an important epidemy touching the [[Xuman Peninsula]] around AD 1260, and it is possible that [[Tecuman]] was too busy dealing with the situation at home to allow more men, time or funds to oppose the crusade. Expecting latins reinforcement to come before the epidemies ceased, which would give the edge to the [[Latium]], it is possible that Tecuman prefered to settle for the current Status quo, making sure that as soon as the epidemy would end, he could take over the Kayamucans colonies with ease and without opposition from the [[Latium|Latin Empire]].<br />
<br />
===The Xuman Crusade===<br />
<br />
The Belfrasian crusade was followed by a period of relative peace. After taking over the old Runakunian colonies, [[Tecuman]] was able to expand the Mutul eastward, profiting from the weakness of [[Kustakuna]] and the truce with [[Latium|the Latin Empire]]. 30 years after the Belfrasian Crusade, both the Mutul and the Latin Empire had recovered enough power in the region so that a war was inevitable.<br />
<br />
[[Leon Aegidius]], a greek-latin aristocrat with interests in [[Belfras]], convinced the Emperor to take over the strait separating [[Skaelingia]] and [[Oxidentale]] and in general to deal a fatal blow to the K'uhul Ajaw. Both the Pope and the Emperor declared a Second Crusade upon the Mutul. With his efforts to gather the troops, the funds and the manpower to go through the [[Thalassan Ocean]], Leon Aegidius became the leader of this expedition.<br />
<br />
Despite initial success, the crusaders managing to land on the Mutul coast and establish a bridgehead for supply, the crusaders were soon cut from the rest of the world when the Mutulian troops managed to cut their supply line. The lack of intel on the Xuman Peninsula, it's infrastructures, settlements, water and food sources, proved to be fatal to the Latins, as it's only then they discovered that the Xuman Peninsula lack any kind of river and it's only sources of water are {{wp|cenotes}},all of which were either fortified or destroyed by the Mutul to deny water to the crusaders.<br />
<br />
Of this crusade, only one survivor is known, as one of the missionaries was spared by the Mutulians and sent back to Belfras. Most of what we know about the rest of the expedition after the destruction of the bridgehead port is known from his testimony and the monuments built by the [[Yajaws]] to celebrate their victory on the Latins. Today, [[Leon Aegidius]] is considered by the [[Fabrian Catholic Church of Latium]] as a Martyr, like [[Valens Tarentus]] (who even became a {{wp|saint}}) and [[Aulus Visellius]].<br />
<br />
===Purity Quarrel===<br />
[[File:Jain temples on Girnar mountain aerial view.jpg|200px|thumb|The [[Temple of Wijya]] was one of the main hotspot of U'wa resistance during the Quarrel]]<br />
In 1328, [[Tecuman II the Wise]]' religious scholars finished the [[Bitzk'uh]], a religious document separated in four books and considered to be the unified sums of knowledge gathered by the different religious orders of the kingdom. The {{wp|U'wa people}}, who had their own district in Puylum, while they continued to accept the Divine Nature of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] refused to adopt the Bitzk'uh as their main religious text. Instead, they maintained their own Oral Corpus of complex religious hymns and songs, with their own practices far removed from those in the rest of the Mutul. Their perception of non-U'wa as "impure" and their many purification rites when in contact with foreigners casted major doubts on the U'wa' loyalties.<br />
<br />
In 1366, the U'wa were pushed out of [[Puylum]] by the local Viceroy who wanted to force them to recognize once for all the authority of the Bitzk'uh, accusing the U'wa of practicing sorcery and shamanism and of conspiring against the Divine Lord. These episode of forced convertion led to the uprising of the U'wa clans against the Mutul, an event known as the [[Purity Quarrel]]. Led by their Werjayás (Elders) and Karekas (Shamans), they continued their guerilla warfare for 15 years before the reinforcements from [[K'alak Muul]] with the support of local {{wp|Guna people|Dule}} allies secured the region. In 1382, a treaty was signed between the Mutul and the eight U'wa tribes. The latter repeated their submission to the K'uhul Ajaw and their attachement to certain [[White Path]] principles such as the plurality of Creator Deities and the rejection of Monotheism. In exchange, they were allowed to preserve their oral traditions and religious customs as their own Sakbeist denomination: [[Karekaism]]. <br />
<br />
===Yao Wars===<br />
[[File:Jm01500yaxlin08det.jpg|200px|thumb|Copy of a stelae depicting Viceroy Kohbalam capture of Upaj]]<br />
The U'wa were not the only people unwilling to accept the new orthodoxy imposed on them by K'alak Muul. In the south of Xukaj, the {{wp|Chimila people|Ette Ennaka}}, nominally under the tutelage of the Viceroy in [[Puylum]], had their own state and their own {{wp|Monotheism|monotheist}} religion. The demands of the [[Mutul]] to recognize the divine nature of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]], to accept the existence of multiple creator gods, and to adopt the [[Bitzk'uh]] as part of their religious litterature were not well received by the Ette Ennaka. [[White_Path#Organisation|Aj K'inob and Aj Menob]] from Puylum were banished from their territory and the Ette Ennaka refused to pay tribute to the Viceroy any longer. [[Chimichagua]] was elected war leader of the Ette Ennaka in 1359. The fiction of Mutulese control over the Ette Ennaka was lost when Chimichagua's troops defeated the columns sent by Puylum to suppress the revolt.<br />
<br />
The [[Purity Quarrel]] (1366 - 1382) also prevented the Mutul from dealing with the Ette Ennaka, who were free to develop their state in the meanwhile, becoming the dominant force not only in southern Xukaj but also taking over the majority of modern [[Yajawil of Nohkaj|Nohkaj]]. But as the Mutulese threat lost priority and Chimichagua launched himself in expansionists endeavors, dissenters appeared who contested Chimichagua' abuse of powers and who wanted to maintain the traditional tribal social structure,something Chimichagua increasingly autocratic rule threatened.<br />
<br />
In reaction to the rebellion, the K'iche built a new {{wp|Sacbeob|Sak B'e}} going from [[Kʼumakah]] to the south-west border of Xukaj. A decade long monumental work through hundreds of kilometers that allowed the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|Ilok'tab]] to reassert their control over the southern reaches of the Mutul. With the end of the Purity Quarrel in 1382, Chimichagua' coalition found itself forced to fight a two-front wars against the K'iche. The latter notably targeted the Ette Ennaka' plantations, freeing the slaves and promising them their ancient masters' lands as communal holdings. In 1385 Chimichagua and his lieutenants took their own lives to avoid being captured and the last holdouts of the rebellion surrendered.<br />
<br />
The Ette Ennaka were forced to recognize the K'uhul Ajaw as a deity, to accept Yao as an Avatar of [[Itzamna]] the main Creator God of the Mutulese pantheon but only one of thirteen, and to respect the Slave Code among other laws of the Mutul, further destabilising their caste-based society. The liberation of all slaves who had supported the K'iche, the redistribution of lands, the deportation of war prisoners, and the division of the Ette Ennaka' kingdom in half between the Viceroyalties of Xukaj and Nohkaj, aggravated the triple social, economic and religious crisis of the defeat for the Ette Ennaka.<br />
<br />
A new Yaoist rebellion would be led a generation later by a new religious warchief, [[Upaj]], who rejected the multiplicity the Divine and wanted to re-establish a Ette Ennaka state. It would last from 1415 to 1422 and end once again with the defeat of the Yaoists, the deportation of war prisoners, but also with the destruction of the main temple to Yao and its reconstruction as the modern Solar Temple of [[Tamaja]]. The cult of Itzamna-Yao, or "Narayajana", became especially popular among the freed slaves and the new colonists, who adopted parts of the Ette Ennaka rituals and theology in the broader framework of the [[White Path]]. [[Tamaja]] is thus today the heart of the province' religious life.<br />
<br />
===Mutulese Empire===<br />
{{Main|Mutulese Ochran}}<br />
{{see also|Akutze Selenecha}}<br />
<br />
===Sante Reze Civil War===<br />
<br />
===19th Century===<br />
====Sajal War====<br />
{{main|Sajal War}}<br />
<br />
====Tsuru-Mutulese Wars====<br />
===20th Century and Modern Days===<br />
====The Arm Race====<br />
From the 1890s to 1911, a naval arms race between the Divine Kingdom and [[Belfras]] took place. This tense arms race lasted until [[Belfro-Mutulese war of 1911|the war broke out]]. While technically ending in a "draw", neither side having gained the upper hand over the other, it ingrained in the public and political consciousness of the time the idea that the two nations were mortal enemies.<br />
====War of 1911====<br />
{{main|Belfro-Mutulese war of 1911}}<br />
<br />
In 1911, the state of [[Belfras|Eunos]] retracted itself from the Treaty of the Federation, declaring itself as an independent, sovereign, nation : [[Hachawaya]]. Immediately, the new state was recognized by the Mutul, which escalated the conflict. The war officialy began with surprise attack on Zuz Peten by the [[Belfrasian Navy]], which had long lasting repercussion on the rest of the conflict notably giving an edge to [[Belfras|the Federation]] on the naval theatre, an edge it quickly exploited leading to the ''Xuman Campaign'' during which[[Nicholaus, Prince of Belfras|Prince Nicholaus]] was killed. The war ended with the Belfrasians being forced to leave the Xuman Peninsula, their naval hegemony contested by the new Mutulese submarine fleet, and [[Hachawaya]] defeated and forced to re-integrate the Federation.<br />
<br />
====Rise of the Orientalists====<br />
<br />
====The Sunrise====<br />
{{main|The Sunrise (Mutul)}}<br />
[[File:L'exèrcit al carrer 30 de juliol.jpg|250px|thumb|Arrest of a teacher supposed to have Orientalists and Monadists sympathies, with a mob of students in the background]]<br />
By the fifties, the [[Orientalism|Orientalists]] had outlived their usefulness. Internally, they now had too many enemies leagued against them, from the [[Oniyism|Traditionalists]] to the [[Occidentalism|Occidentalists]], to be viable without the support of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K’uhul Ajaw]]. At the international, their policies failed one too many time to bring [[Ajax|Belisaria]] closer to the Mutul for the K’uhul Ajaw to care about them anymore, especially now that alternative policies had been theorized by their rivals. The 1954 [[Yisrael|Yisraeli]] [[International sanctions, boycotts, and protests in Ajax|embargo on Mutuleses goods]] was used by the enemies of the Orientalists as the final proof of their failure as a political ideology. All that was waiting was a public sign that the K’uhul Ajaw had definitively abandoned them, which came the year after.<br />
<br />
In 1955 the Orientalist politician and administrator [[Yu Kun Maax]] was arrested on charge of sedition and treason. He was notably accused of having secretly converted to Fabrianism to marry his wife, to have favored the diffusion of monotheistic ideas among the population, and generally to have worked alongside Belfras, Latium, and other Belisarians powers against the Mutul’s social order and the K’uhul Ajaw. Quickly his process became one for the entire Orientalist movement. The protests and riots that had punctuated the late forties and the first half of the fifties suddenly started to target Orientalists sympathizers and everything related to them : from their meeting places to their houses and even businesses when possible. The Traditionalists made sure to accuse them of being secretly {{wp|Roman Catholic Church|Fabrians}} or, even worse, atheists with no god nor laws. the Occidentalists condemned them as being the enemies and oppressors of the faithful workers. Brutal display of “Popular” justice led to the death of thousands of sympathizers, while following the Yu Kun Maax case, the police kept arresting many [[Monadists]] and other “''liberals''”. Monadists teachers or students at universities were brutally aggressed by mobs of [[White Path|Orthodoxs]]. These violences continued well into 1956, even after most Orientalists politicians had died in prison or forced to flee the country, replaced by a new wave of Traditionalists and Occidentalists politicians who now pushed for laws against the Monadists and reiterated their opposition to {{wp|Roman Catholic Church|Fabrianism}} and other religions considered to have been created by the "''Enemies of Mankind''".<br />
<br />
====The Cohabitation====<br />
<br />
For the next 9 years, the country knew a period knwown as "The Cohabitation" with a government made of both [[Occidentalism|Occidentalists]] and [[Oniyism|Traditionalists]] ministers and politicians. The first year of this government were relatively peaceful, both side agreeing on the necessity to revert the Orientalists policies and laws, as well as the application of a {{wp|Land reform}} which came into law in 1959. But this "honeymoon" would not last and quickly divides appeared inside the government. By the time the land reform came into action, both the Orientalists the various Traditionalists movements were in an open war. Given the situation, the Occidentalists managed to convince the K'uhul Ajaw to retire the most elderly of Traditionalists Ministers and replace them with their own partisans. In 1964, the Divine Lord [[Jasaw Chan K'awiil IV]] did just so, announcing a great "Governmental Rejuvenation" by removing all ministers above 65 years old no matter their movement. However, they were replaced only by Occidentalists as per the plan. This sparkled outrage among many Traditionalists movements but the divisions among their many schools and sects prevented the formation of a common front against the Rejuvenation, especially when considering many had been pushed away from the higher instances of power by those who had just been hit by the changes.<br />
<br />
Sensing the desunion, [[Jasaw Chan K'awiil IV]] and his Occidentalists ministers accelerated their plan. They began to arrest political opponents, forced the remaining Traditionalists ministers to resign and then to go on semi-exile far away from [[K'alak Muul]], and published decrees making illegal many of the main Traditionalists organizations, cutting them from their base of support. Through this Rejuvenation, the Occidentalists were now fully in control of the government by 1965.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
<br />
[[File:Quetzaltenango_farm_highlands_2009.jpg|200px|thumbnail|left|A typical scene of the Nik'ajal highlands.]]<br />
The Mutul is a vast country with a great diversity of biomes and environments. Despite this, it is often broadly generalized into five "bioregions" which had great consequences on the human populations of these lands.<br />
<br />
The Xaman Peninsula is the northernmost bioregion of the Mutul. The peninsula is the emerged part of the Xaman Platform, and is composed of carbonate and soluble rocks, being mostly limestone although dolomite and evaporites are also present at various depths. The whole of the Xaman Peninsula is an unconfined flat lying karst landscape. Sinkholes, known locally as cenotes, are widespread in the northern lowlands. Because of its Karstic nature, the Xaman Peninsula is almost entirely void of rivers but is the host of most of the country's oil reserve.<br />
<br />
The Western bioregion is commonly refered as the Cho'ok Volcanic Belt. It is a volcanic belt that covers most of the Cho'ok Administrative Region. Several of its highest peaks have snow all year long, and during clear weather, they are visible to a large percentage of those who live on the many high plateaus from which these volcanoes rise. It was formed by the collision between the Oxidentale and Skraelingia plates.<br />
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The central regions of Mutul are mostly comprised of the Nik'ajal mountains. These relatively old mountains predate the apparition of volcanism in the Cho'ok Belt, and are an expansion of this long mountain range. The Nik'ajal highland are the birthplace of the Mutulian civilization.<br />
<br />
===Biodiversity===<br />
<br />
The Mutul includes a diverse range of habitats from alpine heaths to tropical rainforests, and is recognised as a {{wp|megadiverse country}}. Because of the continent's great age, extremely variable weather patterns, and long-term geographic isolation, much of Oxidentale's biota is unique and the Mutul is no exception to the rule. Many of these animals have played important roles in the fabrication of the Mutulese culture.<br />
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[[File:Tylacosmilus_DB.jpg|200px|thumbnail|left|Drawing of a B'alamb.]]<br />
'''{{wp|Thylacosmilus|B'alamb}} :''' this species was and still is a symbol of power and strength. In the religion of the {{wp|Chibcha language|Chibcha people}} of eastern Mutul, the B'alamb was considered a sacred animal and during their religious rituals the people dressed in B'alambob skins. In Western Mutul, the {{wp|Olmec}}—the most influential culture of this region—developed a distinct "were-B'alamb" motif of sculptures and figurines showing stylised jaguars or humans with B'alamb characteristics. And in the city-states that will become the Mutul, the B'alamb was believed to facilitate communication between the living and the dead and to protect the royal household.<br />
<br />
[[File:Andalgalornis_jconway.png|200px|thumbnail|right|A reconstitution of an extinct Terror Bird species.]]<br />
'''{{wp|Phorusrhacidae|Terror Birds}} :''' '''Phorusrhacids''' are an important {{wp|clade}} of large carnivorous flightless birds that were the largest species of apex predators in South America during the Cenozoic era. Despite the fact most of their larger representants were largely extinct by the time of the modern era, the latins reported that the Mutuleses armies still used Terror Birds from 1 to 2 meters tall in-lieu of wardogs and some of the last sight of individuals more than 2 meters tal happened during the [[Belfrasian Terror Wars]]. Carnivorous, fast runners, hunting small and large prays alike, the Terror Birds, called ''Sajal Mutob'' in [[Mutli]] were prized trophies after a hunt, and this since at least the [[Paol'lunyu Dynasty]] as proven by the mural paintings in the ruins of Kaminyajunlyu. <br />
Today, most species of Phorushacids either still live in the protected Mutulese jungles and forests, or are raised for their meat and feathers used in the Mutulese fashion industry. Some of its smallest species are often pets in Mutulese households, and many species have been raised for war purposes, gambling matches, or for races.<br />
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'''{{wp|White-tailed deer}} :''' , also known as the '''whitetail''' or '''Sakal Neh''' is a medium-sized {{wp|deer}} native of both Oxidentale and Norumbia. They are very common in the Mutul and have been part of the local diet since forever. Recently farms have been developed to answer the high demand in venison by the Mutuleses, and deer meat is common all thourough the country. Despite this, the Sakal Neh is still common in the wild, and hunts are regulary organized to control its population, who might otherwise cause damages to the farmlands and other human environments.<br />
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[[File:Yucatan_Neotropical_Rattlesnake_045.jpg|200px|thumbnail|left|A Tzabcan.]]<br />
'''{{wp|snakes}} :''' The Mutul possess a wide diversity of snakes. In the Xuman alone, more than 200 species of snakes are recorded to date, with 18% of them endemic to the area. The {{wp|Crotalus simus|Xuman Neotropical Rattlesnake}}, also known in Mutli as '''Tzabcan''', is one of the holy animals of the Mutul, closely associated to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|Royal Family]] and temples often have columns carved in the form of this snake. In Mutuleses traditions, Tzabcanob are said to be bringer of rains and messengers of {{wp|Chaac}}. The venomous but shy {{wp|Agkistrodon bilineatus|K'an pok}}, the feared {{wp|Porthidium yucatanicum|Chac can}}, and the truly dangerous {{wp|Bothrops asper|Taxinchan}}, are other endemics species of the Mutul.<br />
<br />
'''{{wp|birds}} :''' The Terror Birds are not the only members of the Aves clade in the country. In fact, the lack of great mammals in Oxidentale means that the marsupials and the birds are occupying ecological niches that are not free for them in the rest of the world. Counting the different species of ''Sajal Mutob'', more than 2000 species of birds are recorded in the Mutul. Bird-hunting is one of the oldest activities of the Mutuleses peoples and is depicted in many legends, the {{wp|Maya Hero Twins|Heroic Twins}} were bird hunters, and in numerous mural painting be it of palaces or of graves. Even today, bird hunting is, one way or another, considered a passtime in rural Mutul, even if the Divine Throne as put in place many rules and restriction to regulate this activity and better protect the biodiversity of the country. Turkey and poultry in general are at the base of the Mutulese diet and the Mutul is one of the world's largest producer of poultry.<br />
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[[File:Crocodylus_acutus_in_la_manzanilla_2.jpg|200px|thumbnail|right|A Thalassian crocodile.]]<br />
'''{{wp|crocodiles}} :''' the {{wp|American crocodile|Thalassian crocodile}} is a species of crocodilian found in the Neotropics, with populations in both southern [[Belfras]], the West-Thalassian Islands and the Mutul. In the latter, It's habitat consists largely of coastal areas. It is also found in {{wp|river systems}}, but has a tendency to prefer, not merely to tolerate, some level of salinity, resulting in the species congregating in {{wp|brackish lakes}}, {{wp|mangrove swamps}}, {{wp|lagoons}}, {{wp|cays}}, and small islands. It's large presence in saline water means that many coastal settlements in the Mutul have a temple dedicated to the animal, and he's a common sacrifice during religious ceremonies. Today, some crocodilians cults raise Thalassian crocodiles specifically to serve as sacrifices, and otherwise finance large campaigns for the protection of the animal.<br />
<br />
'''{{wp|turtles}} :''' both {{wp|sea turtles}} and {{wp|freshwater turtles}} are present in the Mutul. like the {{wp|crocodiles}} and {{wp|sharks}}, they are commonly venerated and sacrificed in water-related temples and cults. Turtles carapaces were often used as musical instruments by Mutuleses peoples. The turtle is an important symbol in today's cults, as it represent resurection and rebirth. Since antiquity, local legends tell the stories of gods using shells or turtles carapaces as home, but only in the later dead gods are depicted coming back to life.<br />
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[[File:Macrauchenia.jpg|200px|thumbnail|left|Drawing of two Chaknob.]]<br />
[[File:Ateles_fusciceps_Colombia.JPG|200px|thumbnail|right|A Spider monkey.]]<br />
'''{{wp|Macrauchenia|Chakni}} :''' Resembling a humpless camel with a short trunk, though it is not closely related to them, '''Macrauchenia''' also called ''Long Nose'' (''Chakni'') in Mutli, is an herbivore living out of tree leafs and long grass. It's main defense mechanism is its great speed and ability to outrun its predators, like the B'alamb or Terror Birds. It ability to twist and turn at high speed have enabled it to evade pursuers. An herd animal, Chaknob have been some of the first animals to be raised as livestocks in Oxidentale, primarily for their wool, especially in mountaineous areas where they also help transporting equipment. As they were not useful to the populations living in the jungles, domesticated Chaknob were introduced to the Mutul only after the {{wp|K'iche}} established their dynasties during the 13th century.<br />
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'''{{wp|New World monkey|Monkeys}} :''' Oxidentale monkeys are the five families of primates that are found in the tropical regions of the continent. {{wp|Callitrichidae}}, {{wp|Cebidae}}, {{wp|Aotidae}}, {{wp|Pitheciidae}}, and {{wp|Atelidae}}. The five families are ranked together as the '''Ceboidea'''. In the Mutul, the two most important species of monkeys in the Mutul, both in presence and culturally are the {{wp|Spider Monkey}} and the {{wp|Howler Monkey}}, called respectively in Mutli '''Batz''' and '''Max'''. Both of these species are strongly linked to scribes, artists, and artisans in Mutulese religion and traditions, and are considered holy animals.<br />
<br />
==Politics==<br />
{{main|Divine Monarchy of the Mutul}}<br />
{{see also|Central Library}}<br />
{{see also|House of Shadows}}<br />
[[File:Tikal_(glyph).png|200px|thumbnail|right|The official glyph of the Divine Kingdom.]]<br />
The Mutul is an absolute monarchy in which all legislative, executive, and judiciary power ultimately rests in the hands of the hereditary K'uhul Ajaw.<br />
<br />
Jasaw Chan Kawiil is the head of state and also directly controls the foreign affairs and defence portfolios. The K'uhul Ajaw has absolute power and issues laws by decree.<br />
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The K'uhul Ajaw has no system of checks and balances, and thus no separation of powers. All power is concentrated in the Divine King, who is also chief of staff of the armed forces and chairman of the Central Bank. All legislation have been promulgated through royal decrees. The K'uhul Ajaw appoints judges, and can grant pardons and commute sentences.No political parties or national elections are permitted.<br />
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Outside of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]], participation in the political process takes the form of the royal family consulting with the various Ch'ob, the religious authorities and members of important commercial families on major decisions. This process is generally not reported by the media.<br />
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By custom, all citizens of full age have a right to petition the king directly through the traditional Ch'ob. Local Ch'ob may send their demands directly to the [[Divine Throne]] who then promulgates orders or delegate the demand to more regional entities, like the Yajaw or the Batab, or refuse them.<br />
<br />
===Government===<br />
====Four Pillars and Nine Generations====<br />
Beside the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] who act as {{wp|Chief of State}} and {{wp|Chief of Government}}, the central administrative system of the Mutul is traditionally composed of a total of thirteen "ministers" : four "''{{wp|Bacab|Bakabob}}''" representing the regal powers of the State, and the "''{{wp|Bolon Tz'akab}}''" which are responsible for various other precise areas. Under [[jasaw Chan K'awiil V]], these ministries are titled :<br />
<br />
Four {{wp|Bacab|Bakabob}} :<br />
* Kan Tziknal : Minister of the Economy and Finances. Current holder : [[Wak Tun Chanil]]<br />
* Josanek : Minister of Foreign Relationships and Diplomacy. Current holder : [[Ahin Chan Toktan]]<br />
* Hobnil : Minister of the Armies. Current holder : [[Walaj Kaan]]<br />
* Sak Kim : Minister of the Interior. Current holder : [[J'el Tun Tz'unun]]<br />
Nine {{wp|K'awiil|Bolon Tz'akab}} :<br />
* Minister of Justice<br />
* Minister of Education<br />
* Minister of Land Gestion<br />
* Minister of Public Health<br />
* Minister of Cultural Life<br />
* Minister of Agriculture<br />
* Minister of Rites<br />
* Minister of the Treasury. Current holder : [[Sakal Chel]]<br />
* Minister of the Public Workforce<br />
<br />
A position akin to that of a {{wp|prime minister}} also exist, the {{wp|K'awiil}}, but is not regularly filled. For example, there has been no K'awiil since [[Jasaw Chan K'awiil V]] became [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] in 1991. But before that, his father and grand-father made extensive use of the position as a political tool.<br />
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===Legal System===<br />
<br />
The administration of justice is highly personalized, with limited due process protections, especially in political and security-related cases. The Constitution of 1844 is supposedly the cornerstone of the Mutulese legal system and it operates as a constitution for the country. It was last amended in 1998.<br />
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==Economy==<br />
{{see also|Banking in the Mutul}}<br />
The Mutul has a mixed economy with abundant natural resources, active in agricultural, mining, manufacturing and service sectors. The agricultural sector in particular as recently known an important growth rate because of the demand for bio-fuel in [[Sante Reze]], which meant the latter started to import more foodstuff and farming products. The country has been expanding its presence in international financial and commodities markets, and has become one of the largest car market in the world. Major export products include electrical equipment, automobiles, ethanol, textiles, footwear, iron ore, steel, chocolate, and venison.<br />
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===Agriculture===<br />
{{main|agriculture in the Mutul}}<br />
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[[File:Corncobs.jpg|200px|thumbnail|right|Various kind of maize are cultivated in the Mutul, with colors ranging from yellow to blue.]]<br />
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According to the census, there are 12 millions farmers in the Mutul, about 10% of the total population. There are currently 5 millions registered farms representing a total of 250 millions cultivated hectares. The vast majority of farms are private, family owned farms. About 75% of the cultivated area is used for food crops. The most important crops in the Mutul are the {{wp|the three sisters (agriculture)| agriculture}}. Other crops cultivated in every farms dedicated to food production are the {{wp|sweet potato}}, the {{wp|Chaya}} plant, {{wp|Avocado}}, and {{wp|Cassava}}.<br />
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The Mutul is the world largest {{wp|cocoa}} producer. Cocoa is produced in dedicated farms with strict quality control and an extensive label system certifying the origin and the quality of the {{wp|cocoa beans}} and then of the {{wp|chocolate}}. 3% of the total cultivated areas in the Mutul are dedicated to the production of cocoa and there are more than three hundred registered kind of chocolate products in the country.<br />
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[[File:Turkeys_on_pasture_at_an_organic_farm.jpg|200px|thumbnail|left|Turkeys on pasture at an organic farm]]<br />
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Many other kind of fruits and plants, such as {{wp|tomato}}, {{wp|chili peppers}}, {{wp|breadnut}}, {{wp|guava}}, {{wp|Soursop}}, {{wp|mammee apple}}, {{wp|papaya}}, {{wp|pineapple}}, {{wp|vanilla}}, {{wp|epazote}}, {{wp|Achiote}}, {{wp|annatto}} seed, {{wp|canella}}, {{wp|root beer plant}}, garlic vine, {{wp|redbrush lippia}}, and {{wp|allspice}}, {{wp|agave}}. {{wp|cotton}} fields are common in central and western Mutul.<br />
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The Divine Kingdom is also an important producer of {{wp|poultry}}, with production ranging from industrial {{wp|battery cages}} to {{wp|free-range}} when raised in small farms alongside other animals and crops. Poultry in the Mutul are raised for their meat, eggs, but also for their feathers and even leather. {{wp|turkey}}, {{wp|chicken}}, {{wp|duck}}, and {{wp|pigeons}} are all commonly raised, but there are also species of the {{wp|Terror Birds}} family that are raised for the quality and beauty of their feathers.<br />
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The country is the largest supplier of farm raised {{wp|venison}}, with an estimated stock of 10 millions deers that are raised for their meat, but also for their skin, fur, antlers, and velvet.<br />
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===Energy and minerals ressources===<br />
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Mineral resources are the "nation's property" (i.e. public property) by constitution. As such, the energy sector is administered by the government with varying degrees of private investment.<br />
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Energy production in the Mutul is managed by the state-owned companies, the [[Commission for Energy Distribution]] and [[Mut-Ektaha]].<br />
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Mut-Ektaha, the public company in charge of exploration, extraction, transportation and marketing of crude oil and natural gas, as well as the refining and distribution of petroleum products and petrochemicals.<br />
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The Mutul has an abundant potential for hydroelectric power production due to its considerable river network and mountainous terrain. Most of the total hydroelectric capacity is situated in the southeast and west of the country. Geothermal energy is also exploited in the western mountain range. Together, hydroelectric and geothermal electrecity represent 40% of the Mutul's production.<br />
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Exploitation of the biomasses is also being promoted by the [[Commission for Energy Distribution], with for example, {{wp|bagasse}}, being exploited for their energy, producing close to 2,500 MWh per year, allowing for some sugar and rhum factories to be autonomous energy-wise. The Divine Throne support a certain number of program to allow for the production of electricity and other form of energies from agricultural wastes.<br />
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===Industry and Manufacturing===<br />
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[[File:HK_Central_Star_Ferry_Multi-storey_Carpark_EV_Electric_Vehicle_Charging_white_race_automobile_Dec-2012.JPG|200px|right|thumb|A [[Bolon Ek'in]] electric sport car charging before a race]]<br />
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Among the most important industrial manufacturers in the Mutul is the {{wp|automotive industry}}, whose standards of quality are internationally recognized. The automobile sector in the Mutul differs from that in other developing nations in that it does not function as a mere assembly manufacturer. The industry produces technologically complex components and engages in some research and development activities, notably with [[Sante Reze|Rezeses]] industries, in the domain of electric and hybrid cars.<br />
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Numerous Rezeses companies have been operating in the Mutul since the end of the 20s, soon to be followed in the 60s and 70s by [[Arthurista|Arthuristans]][[Latium|Latins]] and other Belisarians enteprises, but also [[Tsurushima|Tsurushimans]] and [[Tarsas|Tarsans]] consortiums. . Given the high requirements of components in the industry, many factories and equipment and parts suppliers have emerged around these big local and foreigns manufacturers. In the town of [[Kimik'ik]] alone, 70 industrial part-makers cluster around the local car manufacturer. <br />
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The most important representative of the Mutulese car industry is '''Manich 5 Mawin''' a manufacturer of trucks, busses and military vehicles that is notably known for its line of electric busses and is generally considered a pioneer of electric public transports. There are many other enterprises, producing cars, trucks, and all sort of vehicles both for the Mutulese market and for export.<br />
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the Mutul share with the rest of Oxidentale a long history of {{wp|auto racing}} and many Mutuleses enterprises possess a racing team, or more. The Divine Kingdom is notably home of the [[Ek' Xak'in]] race track, which is often in use by the many prestigious Oxidentaleses or even worldwide competitions. Ek Xak'in is also the "home city" of [[Bolon Ek'in]], a car producer famous for his hybrids vehicles. the [[Royal and Divine Automobile Show]] of [[K'alak Muul]] is the most important annual event of the Mutulese Automotive Industry and is held every 18 Kank'in.<br />
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An important part of the Mutulese industry is dependent on the production of parts and equipments for the Rezeses markets and consortiums. For example, the Conglomerate [[Ch'ob Tasil]] possess [[Oxaja]], is the largest producer of bottles and soda cans for Rezeses products. The [[Ch'ob Tasil]] is also famous for its production of {{wp|Tequila}} and other alcoholic beverages.<br />
<br />
====Electronics====<br />
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[[File:LANIX_LED_Monitor.jpg|200px|left|thumb|A Rezese high definition LCD assembled under OEM contract in the Mutul]]<br />
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The electronics industry has grown enormously within the last two decades. The Divine Kingdom is one of the largest electronic industries in the world, behind [[Tsurushima]], [[Sante Reze]], [[Belfras]], and X. The Mutulese electronic industry is dominated by the manufacture and OEM design of mobile phones, circuit boards, semiconductors, electronic appliances, communications equipment and LCD modules. Currently electronics represent 20% of the Mutul's exports. The Mutul is especially famous for its batteries, battery packs, and other devices of which the Rezeses and Tsurushimans markets have a great demand for.<br />
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The success and rapid growth of the Mutulese electronics sector is driven primarily by the relatively low cost of manufacturing and design in the country; its strategic position as a major consumer electronics market coupled with its proximity to both the large Belfrasians and Sante Rezeses markets. Government support is visible in the form of low business taxes, simplified access to loans and capital for both foreign multinational and domestic startup tech-based firms; and a very large pool of highly skilled, educated labor across all sectors of the tech industry.<br />
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There are almost half a million students enrolled in electronics engineering programs with an additional 100,000 electronics engineers entering the workforce each year. From the late 1990s, the electronics industry began to shift away from simple line assembly to more advanced work such as research, design, and the manufacture of advanced electronics systems such as LCD panels, semiconductors, printed circuit boards, microelectronics, microprocessors, chipsets and heavy electronic industrial equipment.<br />
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====Semiconductors====<br />
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The Mutulese {{wp|Semiconductor Industry}}, including the manufacturing and design of {{wp|Integrated circuit|microchips}}, represents a major part of the Divine Kingdom’ {{wp|Information technology|IT industry}}. The country is home to a wide array of different companies, either national or foreign, with a variety of business models: from {{wp|Integrated device manufacturer|IDM}} who handle designing and manufacturing in-house to {{wp|Fabless manufacturing|fabless}} ones who only design their products and outsource the production, and {{wp|Foundry model|pure-play}} foundries who only manufactures devices for other companies. The largest companies in each category are: the IDM Two-Rivers Technology (Kaja-Tech), the pure-play manufacturer NOSM (North Oxidentale Semiconductor Manufacturing, based in K’alak Muul), and the fabless Ocean Silicon (K’anab Zuz, based in Yu).<br />
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The Mutul is currently the second largest semiconductor market in Oxidentale after Sante Reze in raw volumes, although when reported to its population size it falls behind both Zacapican and Orun-Redisus. A large number of devices are imported from international suppliers, mainly Sante Reze, Tsurushima, and Orun-Redisus. Those same companies often operate fabrication plants within the Mutul, especially Rezeses and Redisans ones.<br />
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<br />
====Textile====<br />
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The textile industry in the Mutul is still an important sector of the country's economy, despite having lost in proeminence since the 19th century. The Mutul is one of the [[ajax|world]] largest producer of cotton and more than 50% of the textile industry is cotton based. But since the 20th century, {{wp|synthetic fibres}} are taking a more proeminent role in the industry, notably since the early 21th century with the offshoring by many [[Sante Reze]] enterprises of their productions of {{wp|Nylons}}, {{wp|Acrylic}} and various {{wp|Polyester}} fibers. In 2003 there has been incidents in factories producing {{wp|Rayon|Artificial silks}} as many workers were seriously harmed by the {{wp|carbon disulfide}} used to produce the textile, which was one of the important triggers of the [[2003 riots]]. <br />
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====Joint Productions====<br />
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[[File:Aerial_photographs_2010-by-RaBoe-60.jpg|200px|right|thumb|A car assembly line in the Mutul]]<br />
<br />
While many foreign companies simply install wholly owned factories in the Mutul, a number of foreign companies have set up semi-independent joint venture companies with Mutuleses businesses to manufacture and design components in the Divine Kingdom. These companies are independently operated from their foreign parent companies and are registered in the Mutul. These local companies function under Mutulese law and retain a sizable portion of the revenue. These companies typically function dually as in-company OEM development and design facilities and manufacturing centers and usually produce most components needed to manufacture the finished products. ome of these subsidiaries have grown to expand into multiple branches effectively becoming autonomous conglomerates within their own parent companies.<br />
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===Services===<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
===Religion===<br />
{{main|White Path}}<br />
<br />
===Ethnics groups===<br />
[[File:Mayan_languages_tree_en.svg|200px|right|thumb|the genealogy of the {{wp|mayan languages}}. The official language of the Mutul, the '''Mutli''' belongs to the "Ch'ol proper" branch.]]<br />
The Mutul is ethnically diverse; with people of several ethnicities being united under a single national identity, with more than 40 officialy recognized {{wp|ethnic groups}}, most of which have their own languages, such as the {{wp|K'iche}} or the {{wp|Nahuatl}}. The overarching term "Mutun" is a collective designation to include the peoples that share some degree of cultural and linguistic heritage; however, the term embraces many distinct populations, societies, and ethnic groups that each have their own particular traditions, cultures, and historical identity. About 80% of the total population of the Mutul consider themselves of "Mutun" heritage. In the east another important family are the {{wp|Chibchan languages|Chibchan peoples}} with 10 officialy recognized ethnies part of it. In the west, important ethnies are the {{wp|Nahuas}}, {{wp|Mixtec|Nuu Davi}}, {{wp|Zapotec|Ben 'Zaa}}, {{wp|Otomi|Hinatho}}, {{wp|Totonac}}, and {{wp|Olmecs}}.<br />
<br />
The official criteria recognized by the Divine Throne to distinguish one's ethnicities is the language. Census performed by the Divine Throne make the distinction between the Native Language and the Everyday Language. The most spoken language in the Central Region is the {{wp|Ch'ol language}}, followed by its relatives of the Cholan branch : the {{wp|Ch'orti language}}, {{wp|Ch'olti' language}}, {{wp|Chontal Maya language|Chontal language}}, and the [[K'ol]]. Other widely spoken languages, especially in the urban areas of northern and western Mutul where Mutun-speakers settled during the multiple expansions of the Divine Realm include {{wp|Tzotzil language|Tzotzil}} and {{wp|Tzeltal language|Tzeltal}}.<br />
<br />
===Largest cities===<br />
{{Largest cities<br />
| name = Largest cities in the Divine Kingdom<br />
| country = Mutul<br />
| stat_ref = <br />
| list_by_pop = <br />
| class = nav<br />
| div_name = Yajawil<br />
| div_link =<br />
<br />
|city_1 = K'alak Muul<br />
|div_1 = Ajawil of Chaknal|Chaknal<br />
|pop_1 = 1,067,840<br />
|img_1 = Bangkok_skyline.jpg<br />
<br />
|city_2 = Yu<br />
|div_2 = Yajawil of Yokok'ab|Yokok'ab<br />
|pop_2 = 752,000<br />
|img_2 = Siem_Reap_Skyline_at_Night.jpg<br />
<br />
|city_3 = Puylum<br />
|div_3 = Yajawil of Xukaj|Xukaj<br />
|pop_3 = 720,000<br />
|img_3 = Ptobaq.jpg<br />
<br />
|city_4 = Danguixh|Puh<br />
|div_4 = Yajawil of Kanol|Kanol<br />
|pop_4 = 600,000<br />
|img_4 = 20150716_Mexico_City_at_Night_IMG_6614_by_sebaso.jpg<br />
<br />
|city_5 = Kumakah<br />
|div_5 = Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumakah<br />
|pop_5 = 266,960<br />
|img_5 = Jakarta2.jpg<br />
<br />
|city_6 = Oxmal<br />
|div_6 = Yajawil of Oxmal | Oxmal<br />
|pop_6 = 213,568<br />
|img_6 = Guatemala_City_-_Guatemala.jpg<br />
<br />
|city_7 = Ekab<br />
|div_7 = Yajawil of Ekab | Ekab<br />
|pop_7 = 192,200<br />
|img_7 = Guayaquilaéreo.jpg<br />
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|city_8 = <br />
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<br />
==Culture==<br />
===Architecture===<br />
<br />
[[File:RoofC Arch Maya.jpg|250px|thumbnail|left|Example of Mutulese architecture.]]<br />
A unique and intricate style, the tradition of Mutulese architecture spans several thousands of years. Often, the buildings most dramatic and easily recognizable as Mutuleses are the stepped pyramids. These pyramids relied on intricate carved stone in order to create a stairstep design. Each pyramid was dedicated to a deity whose shrine sat at its peak.<br />
<br />
As Mutuleses cities spread throughout the varied geography of Northern Oxidentale, the extent of site planning appears to have been minimal ; Old cities having been built somewhat haphazardly as dictated by the topography of each independent location. Mutulese architecture tends to integrate a great degree of natural features. For instance, some cities existing on the flat {{wp|limestone}} plains of the northern Xuman grew into great sprawling municipalities, while others built in the Central Hills utilized the natural loft of the topography to raise their towers and temples to impressive heights. However, some semblance of order, as required by any large city, still prevailed. At the onset of large-scale construction, a predetermined axis was typically established in congruence with the cardinal directions. Depending upon the location and availability of natural resources such as fresh-water wells, or cenotes, the city grew by connecting great plazas with the numerous platforms that created the sub-structure for nearly all Maya buildings, by means of {{wp|sacbeob}} causeways. As more structures were added and existing structures re-built or remodeled, the great Maya cities seemed to take on an almost random identity that contrasts sharply with other great cities such as {{wp|Teotihuacan| and its rigid grid-like construction. When they first conquered the Mutul, the {{wp|Teotihuacan|Chik'in Dynasties}} tried to establish grid-like settlements, but apparently soon adopted the Mutulese method of city building, sometime mixing the two styles depending on the architects and local preferences and possibilities.<br />
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<br />
[[File:Copan 1654.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|Reconstitution of a Chaan Dynasty city center.]]<br />
At the heart of the city exist large plazas surrounded by their most valued governmental and religious buildings such as the {{wp|acropolis}}, great pyramid temples, and {{wp|ballcourts}}. Though city layouts evolved as nature dictated, careful attention was placed on the directional orientation of temples and observatories so that they were constructed in accordance with Maya interpretation of the orbits of the stars. Immediately outside this ritual center were the structures of lesser nobles, smaller temples, and individual shrines: the less sacred and less important structures had a greater degree of privacy. Outside the constantly evolving urban core were the less permanent and more modest homes of the common people.<br />
<br />
Classic urban design could easily be described as the division of space by great monuments and causeways. In this case, the open public plazas were the gathering places for the people and the focus of the urban design, while interior space was entirely secondary. But when a settlement was built on strategic locations for the control of tradelines or the defense of the borders, the urbanism was more fortress-like with defensive structures that lacked, for the most part, the large and numerous plazas.<br />
<br />
The great cities of the Maya civilization were composed of pyramid temples, palaces, ballcourts, sacbeob (causeways), patios and plazas. Some cities also possessed extensive hydraulic systems or defensive walls. The exteriors of most buildings were painted, either in one or multiple colours, or with imagery. Many buildings were adorned with sculpture or painted stucco reliefs.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:Imperial_Hotel_Wright_House.jpg|250px|thumbnail|left|First courtyard of the Chak Yaxnah Ho’kan, the Royal Palace of [[K'alak Muul]].]]<br />
'''Palaces and acropolis''' : These complexes are usually located in the site core, beside a principal plaza. Mutuleses palaces consist of a platform supporting a multiroom range structure. The term acropolis, in a Mutulese context, refers to a complex of structures built upon platforms of varying height. Palaces and acropoleis are essentially elite residential compounds, being both the places from were the K’uhul Ajaw or his Yajawob rule their territories. They generally extend horizontally as opposed to the towering pyramids. Large palaces, can be fitted with a water supply, and sweat baths were often built within the complex, or nearby. rulers were sometimes buried underneath the acropolis complex. A palace generally has one throne room, except in some of the royal palaces in which case multiple throne rooms are present, with roles varying depending on the social norms and rituals of the dynasties who built them. Palaces are far more than simple elite residences, and only regional capitals possess active ones. When they no longer serve an administrative purpose, they are generally reconverted into museum, or holidays residences of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|royal]] or a ducal family.<br />
<br />
'''K'uh Nahob''' : A ''K'uh Nah'' is a religious structure often raised on platforms, most often upon a pyramid. The earliest temples were probably thatched huts built upon low platforms. By the Khaan Dynasty, their walls were of stone, and the development of the corbel arch allowed stone roofs to replace thatch. By theend of said dynasty, temple roofs were being topped with roof combs that extended the height of the temple and served as a foundation for monumental art. The temple shrines contain between one and three rooms, and are dedicated to important deities. Generally, freestanding pyramids are shrines honouring powerful ancestors.<br />
<br />
[[File:Triadic_pyramid_model,_Caracol.png|250px|thumbnail|right|Reconstitution of Kaminyajunlyu Triadic Pyramid.]]<br />
'''{{wp|E-group}}''' are a particular arrangement of temples that are relatively common in the Mutul. They consisted of three small structures facing a fourth structure, and were used to mark the {{wp|solstices}} and {{wp|equinoxes}}. Due to its nature, the basic layout of an E-Group is constant. A structure was built on the west side of a plaza; usually a radial pyramid with stairways facing the cardinal directions. It face east across the plaza to three small temples on the far side. From the west pyramid, the sun is seen to rise over these temples on the {{wp|solstices}} and {{wp|equinoxes}}.<br />
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E-groups are generally compared with Belisarian {{wp|Cathedrals}}, as they often are the most important religious monuments of a city. During the [[Holhun Lak’atunab]], many E-groups were built, generally associated with vast abbey-like complexes, in association with vast libraries, observatories for various celestial objects, and [[Holhun Lak’atunab#Monkey Games|Monkey Game’s courts]].<br />
<br />
consisting of a dominant structure flanked by two smaller inward-facing buildings, all mounted upon a single basal platform, '''{{wp|Triadic Pyramids}}''' are other perls of Mutulese traditional architecture. No securely established forerunners of Triadic Groups are known, but they may have developed from the eastern range building of E-Group complexes,and are already being built during the [[Paol'lunyu dynasty]]. Oral traditions says that the triadic structure is a representation of the resurection of the {{wp|Tonsured Maize God}}, accompanied by two other deities, supposed to be the {{wp|Maya Hero Twins}}.<br />
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'''{{wp|ballcourt}}''' : Most of the ancients ballcourts have been abandoned since the codification of the Pitz rules, as ballcourts tended to vary greatly in size and shape. Most of these monuments are today touristic attraction, sometime used as public plazas, or theaters. See [[Mutul#sport|the sport section]].<br />
<br />
'''{{wp|Maya medecine#Sweat baths|Sweat baths}}''' : Originally, Sweat baths were for the Mutuleses a way to perform ritual purification, sweating out impurities and cleaning the bodies and the mind alike. They had an important role in traditional Mutulese medecine, and to this day public sweat baths are still in important part of all cities, with more wealthy inhabitations having their own, privates sweat baths. Similar to sauna, most sweat baths are today part of larger complex along with gymnasiums and swimming pools.<br />
<br />
===Theatre===<br />
<br />
[[File:Guatemala-Mask.jpg|200px|thumbnail|left|A collection of traditional Mutuleses masks.]]<br />
<br />
{{wp|Dance}} has always been a central component of social, religious, and political endeavors for the Mutuleses people. In Mutulese religion, Dance served many functions such as creating sacred space, closing the gap between here and the otherworld, and releasing the dead from the grasp of {{wp|Xibalba}}.<br />
<br />
Ancient Mutuleses dances were often characterized by transformations of human beings into supernatural (god like) beings by means of visionary trance. Once in this state of mind the participants were transformed into their {{wp|wayob}} or soul companions. These soul companions were depicted through the masks and the costumes people wore in the dance.<br />
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The distinction between the humans and supernatural beings was never sharply made during the [[Paol’lunyu Dynasty|Paol'lunyu]] and Chaan Dynasties. Through dance, people became gods and gods became people even if it were only for a moment. More than just acts of civic pride or piety. Dances were considered to be direct connections to the otherworld.<br />
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This antic style of dancing, generally nicknamed the “''Wayob Dances''”, was very public in nature and often involved the whole community, from kings to commoners, during religious festivities. This gave birth to the practice of specialized dancers, re-creating events and past histories, and generally serving as “vessels” for the gods, re-enacting their past deeds and exploits. These public dances became their very own art : Mutulese theatre.<br />
<br />
Theatrical plays really became popular during the [[Nimabal K'iche Dynasty]]. Was often played the {{wp|Rabinal Achí|Life and Death of K’iche Achi}}, telling of the hero's capture, trial, and ultimately sacrifice, by the kingdom of {{wp|Rabinal}}. These acts are still played today, during various religious festivals, and are a staple of the “Classical K’iche Theatre” style : based around cycles, the dances and even the text are repetitives, with minor changes each time, with lots of back-and-forth between the two princes, of the Rabineb and of the K’iche. dancers move in circle, with the two princes in the middle.<br />
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More recent and representative of the “Neo-Classical Mutli Theatre” style, the series of plays retelling the stories of the Hero Twins and their journey through Xibalba. The Hero Twins stories were and are still some of the most populars in the Mutul and the better known worldwide, but this representation of them was under many Belisarian influence, with the introduction of acts, different scenes, while keeping more tradition Mutuleses elements. The repetition and cyclic theme is still present, albeit smaller, as many of the action of the Twins echoes those of their father and uncle, and resurrection is also a central theme, along with the cycles of life and death through which all creatures goes.<br />
<br />
===Sports===<br />
====Pitz====<br />
{{main|Pitz}}<br />
[[File:Pok_ta_pok_ballgame_maya_indians_mexico_3.JPG|200px|thumbnail|right|A game of Pitz]]<br />
The most popular sport in the Mutul is [[Pitz]], a game traditional to the {{wp|Maya culture|Chan culture}} that has been played in the country under various rulesets since it's apparition among the [[Yajawil_of_Yokok'ab#Chakb.E2.80.99ah|Chabk'ah]]. It is played in {{wp|mesoamerican ballcourt}}, religious structures built primary for this sport. Pitz is the most popular representative of a family of sports known as the {{wp|Mesoamerican ballgame|Mutuleses ballgames}} which evolved from local rulesets of a common original ballgame played throughout the Mutul but which has been codified differently between localities throughout history. Pitz itself come from "Legal Pitz" or "Ordeal Pitz", the version of the game played by the Mutul' aristocracy between the 15th and 19th centuries during {{wp|Trial by combat|trials}} involving two high born parties.<br />
<br />
Games are played between two teams of players. The number of players per team has been fixed at 6 since the codification of the sport in 1898. Originally, the game could be brutal and there were often serious injuries inflicted by the solid, heavy ball. Since the changes in the official ruleset, the ball became lighter, limiting the number of injuries outside the context of [[Day Bearing Games]], special games held at specifics dates with traditional balls, and concluded with the ritual sacrifice of the loosing team's captain. <br />
<br />
The game resembles a net-less {{wp|volleyball}}, with each team confined to one half of the court. The ball is hit back and forth using only the hips until one team fails to return it or the ball leaves the court. Points are lost by a player who let the ball stop before returning it to the other team or who let the ball go outside the boundaries of the court. Points are gained (scoring) if the ball hit the opposite end wall. First team to win nine points win the turn. First team to win five turns win the game. The team that manage to pass the ball through one of the stone loops on either side of the playing field (marking) automatically wins the current turn, no matter the score.<br />
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====Mutulese boxing====<br />
{{main|Ch'ak Tz'oj}}<br />
'''Ch'ak Tz'oj''', or '''Lightning Boxing''', is the second most popular sport across the Mutul. It's a Combat sport and Martial arts originating from the Mutul and one style of combat in a galaxy of related Mutuleses Martial Arts. However, it outshine all other forms in sheer popularity and funding. It is infamous for the distinct look of its boxers with their heavy padding face, hips, and thighs protections and its two iconic weapons: the Shield and the Conch. At the professional level, the major competitions are the [[W'ajtun Martial Festival]], the [[Nuu Davi Boxing Championship]], and the [[Yopaat International Championship]], all modern evolutions of religious festivities organised in the honor of [[Ch'ak]], the [[White Path]] deity of storms and lightning.<br />
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====Pokolpok====<br />
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'''Pokolpok''' is a cousin of [[Pitz]] played mostly in the Xuman Peninsula, in the north of the Mutul. It is played on the same courts as its most famous cousin, but with the team (of two or four players) each facing one of the side walls. The goal of each team is to take possession of the ball and then mark points by passing the ball through the stone loop on the wall they're facing. A fault is commited if the ball stop, enter one of the End Zone, or move backward without touching first one of the Cornices. The mythology surrounding the game place its origin in the [[Yajawil of Kupul]] which remain the beating heartland of the sport.<br />
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====Jul Jop====<br />
[[File:Juego de Pelota En Michoacán. Uárukua Ch'anakua o pasarutakua.jpg|200px|thumb|A kid playing Jul Jop in [[Danguixh]]]]<br />
'''Jul Jop''' is the [[Mutli]] name of a sport similar to {{wp|Hockey}} that is popular in the west of the Mutul, especially the [[Yajawil of Kanol]]. It's origins date back to [[Danguixh]] and the [[Chik'in Kingdom]]. During the [[K'uy Dynasty]], Jul Jop overtook [[Pitz]] as the elite sport of the Mutul, relegating the hip game to the street or to foreign kingdoms such as the [[Yajawil of Kumakah|K'iche Kingdom]]. But even after the fall of the K'uy, Jul Jop remained popular among the {{wp|Totonac|Tatinak}} of Kanol. It gave birth to a number of Hockey-like games, of which Jul Jop remain the most popular one, with its own league (the [[Golden Square]]) and dedicated franchises.<br />
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Games are generally played in the street, around a block of houses. Professional stadiums replicate this configuration, with a square field with an outer perimeter of 800 meters and an inner perimeters of 752 meters for a total playing surface of 4656 m² and a 6 meters wide field. Nowadays, Jul Jop is played with or without rollers, the version with rollers also including heavy padding to protect players.<br />
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Unlike Pitz, Jul Jop' ball is not made from rubber but rather wood and fabric. Professional balls have a calibrated 12 cm diameter.<br />
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===Cuisine===<br />
{{main|Mutulese cuisine}}<br />
{{see also|Four Cardinal Beverages}}<br />
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'''{{wp|Cnidoscolus aconitifolius|Chaya}}''' : The ''Mutulese Spinach'', is a popular leaf vegetable, similar to spinach as its nickname implies. The leaves should be cooked before being eaten, as the raw leaves contain a high content of toxic hydrocyanic acid. Up to 5 raw leaves can be eaten a day. Easy to grow, It is tolerant of heavy rain and has some {{wp|drought}} tolerance. Leaves can be harvested continuously as long as no more than 50% of the leaves are removed from the plant, which guarantees healthy new plant growth.<br />
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Chaya is a good source of protein, vitamins, calcium, and iron; and is also a rich source of antioxidants. Traditionally leaves are immersed and simmered for 20 minutes and then served with oil or butter. Cooking for 20 minutes or more will render the leaves safe to eat. Along with maize-gruel, Chaya is part of the day-to-day diet of the poors in the Mutul.<br />
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The Mutuleses cultivate many other kind of fruits and plants, such as {{wp|tomato}}, {{wp|chili peppers}}, {{wp|breadnut}}, {{wp|guava}}, {{wp|Soursop}}, {{wp|mammee apple}}, {{wp|papaya}}, {{wp|pineapple}}, {{wp|sweet potato}}, {{wp|vanilla}}, {{wp|epazote}}, {{wp|Achiote}}, {{wp|annatto}} seed, {{wp|canella}}, {{wp|piper auritum|root beer plant}}, garlic vine, {{wp|lippia graveolens| redbrush lippia}}, and {{wp|allspice}}, {{wp|agave}}.<br />
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[[File:Haemul-sutbul-gui.jpg|200px|thumbnail|left| seafood being griled.]]<br />
'''{{wp|seafood}}''' : in coastal areas, maritime resources are regulary exploited, including fish, {{wp|lobster}}, {{wp|shrimp}}, {{wp|conch}}, and other shellfish. Seafood became more common thourough the country in the past centuries, and are often present at social event, cooked with various spices, plants, and sauces. Surprisingly, even if it wasn't as common, seafood was already present on the tables of rich inland households, Archaeological evidence supported this as a diverse set of marine resources were found from subsistence and ceremonial contexts at Izapak. Stingrays, grunts, sea catfish, and parrotfish were brought to the site and transported while still alive. The important transportation network, based on roads and canals, maintained by the various Dynasties, allowed such trade to be relatively common and safe.<br />
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[[File:Venison_escalope.jpg|200px|thumbnail|right| Venison escalope cooking in sauce.]]<br />
'''{{wp|white-tailed deer|deer}}''' : For most of their history and especially in the central regions, deer have been hunt for their meat, making it one of the most common meat in the Mutul after poultry. After the industrial revolution, hunting for savage deers became uncommon, until it seemed it would dissapear from the Mutuleses plates. But to answer the demand for {{wp|venison}} from the appearing middle class, and of [[Ajax|Belisarians Traders]] for {{wp|pelts}} and {{wp|antlers}}, the Divine Throne helped the creation of {{wp|deer farm}}. Today, deer meat is a relative affordable food with 3 millions deer raised, and is even exported thourough the world. However, fear of {{wp|Chronic wasting disease}} as lead to more strict controls on the industry, raising the prices.<br />
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===Fashion and design===<br />
===Media===<br />
<br />
{{Mutul Topics|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mutul]]<br />
[[Category:Countries]]<br />
[[Category:MT]]<br />
[[Category:Monarchies]]<br />
[[Category:Absolute monarchies]]<br />
[[Category:Theocracies]]<br />
[[Category:Unitary states]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Sajal_War&diff=779697Sajal War2024-03-12T15:42:01Z<p>Devink: /* Muwan Mountains Campaigns */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox Military Conflict<br />
|conflict = Sajal War<br />
|partof =<br />
| image = Common soldier.jpg<br />
| caption = A common Mutulese soldier during the Sajal War<br />
|date = 1828 - 1839<br />
|place = [[Mutul]]<br />
|result = Royalist Victory<br />
*Capitulation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]<br />
*Reunification of the [[Mutul]]<br />
*Beginning of the Itzamnaaj Reformation<br />
|combatant1 = {{flag|Mutul|Royalists}}<br />
|combatant2 = {{flag|Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale}}<br />
|commander1 = [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] <br> [[Rabanij]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|Yax Kelem Pat]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|K'atun May]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|Winik Pek]]<br />
|commander2 = [[Waxak B'alam Koj]] <br> [[Siol Chan Xiu]] <br> [[Sijal Ek]] <br> [[An Xook B'al]] <br> [[Bolon Chan B'alam]]<br />
|strength1 = 110,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|strength2 = ~200,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|casualties1 = 18,500 killed <br> 55,750 wounded or missing<br />
|casualties2 = 11,375 killed <br> 34,125 wounded or missing<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Sajal War''', also known as the '''War of the Frightfuls''' or '''Terrifying War''', was a civil war that opposed the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] of the [[Mutul]] and their loyalists against the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]. It lasted from 1828 with the Day of the Balconies (the murder of the Divine Lady [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] and the escape of her husband [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] with their son the crown prince [[B'alijaj Chan K'awiil II]]) to 1839 with the Redition of Itzamkan.<br />
<br />
The war happened in a context of political and economic decline of the Mutul which has seen its influence and and credit greatly diminished by lost wars against [[Tsurushima]] and [[Zacapican]]. Lady Ik' Jol rise to the throne came as a palace coup against the court faction that had taken control of the country under her father and brother's reigns. The reforms she promoted were an attempt to undermine the political power accumulated by the nobility over the 18th century but were cut short by her own assassination. It is remembered as the most brutal war in Mutulese history, one that has profoundly shaped the modern Mutul and created a clear historical cleavage between what came before and what came after the war.<br />
<br />
===Origins===<br />
<br />
Since the rule of [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil I]] in the early 18th century, the powers and authority of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] kept being limited by the ever more powerful merchant-aristocracy of the [[Mutul]]. Local and national assemblies became permanent legal institutions whom obtained a de-facto say on the Divine King's politics after much political troubles. The weakening of the [[Mutulese Ochran|Mutul's position in the West]] after the [[Tsurushima|Tsurushimese revolution]] of 1750 only exacerbated a conflict between a weakened monarchy and its nobility whom, inspired by both local and foreign thinkers, especially from [[Sante Reze]] developed a more {{wp|liberalism|liberal}} approach to both the economy and politics.<br />
<br />
In 1819, the [[Second War for Kahei]] started, threatening some of the merchant-aristocracy's positions in Ochran. In 1820, [[Wahlam B'alam V]] died in [[K'umarkaj]] after a decade long semi-exile ordered by the Sajal Holpop, the Nobility's Assembly, who had taken over [[K'alak Muul]]. His young son, [[Wahlam B'alam VI]], was brought back to the capital to be crowned and ruled as a puppet king for the Sajal Holpop. The same year, he died of illness and was succeeded by his elder sister, [[Lady Ik' Jol]]. Ik' Jol tried to restructure the [[Mutul|Divine Throne]] bureaucracy to limit the powers of the assemblies like the Sajal Holpop. In 1828, a conspiracy of Mutuleses aristocrats managed to murder the Divine Queen and her body was pushed from the balcony of [[K'alak Muul|her palace]]. The same day, her husband managed to escape from a similar murder plot and flee the capital with their son, the future [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]]. Legends have Itzamnaaj escape from another balcony of the royal palace. After this "Days of the Balconies", the Sajal Holpop proclaimed the end of the [[Mutul]] and the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
==Combattants==<br />
===Ilok'tab Loyalists===<br />
<br />
After his escape from [[K'alak Muul]], [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]], king-consort of [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] gained [[Yajawil of Kumahkah|Kumahkah]], the traditional base of power of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and enthroned his son as [[B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]] while he himself took the position of Regent. He amassed around him an inner circle of friends, family members, and clients, and built from there his resistance to the Noble Republic.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Loyalists was thus made of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and all associated lineages. {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} and {{wp|Mam people|Mam}} people had remained heavily tied to the Ilok'tab with their "special link" to the Monarchy and the Body of the Divine Lord guaranteeing them a privileged situation they would lose in case of a Monarchists' defeat. Similarly, the Republicans' project was one that would offer no alternative to the people who lived far away from the international economic circuits and was seen as guaranteeing the financial and social collapse of their communities.<br />
<br />
Religious and Monarchists insurections would be a regular issue for the Noble Republic. Most of those revolts would be triggered by military successes from [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] but were otherwise completely independent and unsupported by the Regent' party. They were more often expression of rural and popular uneasiness and dread at the reforms and changes promoted and pushed by the Noble Republic. Their association with the Monarchist movement was thus circumstantial at first but their repression by the Noble Republic and the rewards granted by the Ilok'tab whenever they were able to link up with local movements allowed the latter to build up a real popular base of power that guaranteed the perenity of the dynasty.<br />
<br />
===Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale===<br />
<br />
The Republic's power-base was made of the middle class and the merchant-aristocracy everywhere in the country. It was especially well established in the [[Yajawil of Kanol]] and the West in general, where trans-Makrian trade had led to the emergence of a wealthy "modern" society that had the time to stabilize itself as it had existed for more than 200 years by the time of the Sajal War. A similar but much younger analogue society had emerged in the East after the [[Sante Reze]] revolution of 1701 that opened the trans-Thalassian trade routes to the Mutuleses merchant-nobility. While even more radical in its support of the Noble Republic than the "West", the "East" also proved to be the weak link of the Republicans, as it's relatively recent emergence meant that it was still full of contradictions, paradoxes, and social divides on which the Royalists managed to play to gain the upper-hand.<br />
<br />
==Course of the war==<br />
===Exile and constitution of the Regency===<br />
[[File:Sajal war.png|200px|thumb|Situation in 1828. In red: Republican territories. In yellow: Royalists bastions. Rest of the country was either contested or uncertain.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, as baptized by the Republicans, [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] was able to flee [[K'alak Muul]] with his son, the future [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil II]] and a handful of supporters. On their way they stopped at [[Sakal Witz]] where they were able to gain the support of the [[White Mountain Society|priests of the White Mountain]] which allowed them to continue their journey southward to [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumakah]]. Itzamnaaj established his son in the Palace of [[Chilok'tab]], a suburb of Kumakah and a site with 800 years old ties to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]]. It's there that he proclaimed his son the new [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|Divine Lord]] and placed himself as his regent before granting himself the status of Regent.<br />
<br />
Kumakah, and the rest of the eponymous viceroyalty, proved more than receptive and dedicated to the Royalist cause. Chief among these supporters were the House of Achi, Itzamnaaj' own clan, the religious institutions, temples and sanctuaries, of the region, as well as other leading lineages chief among them the [[House of Koyol]] one of the four great K'iche houses and strong actors of the Mutul industry. The four "House of Iximte", the Zotzil, Xahil, Tukuche, and Akajal, were less immediately agreeable to the Regent' project for a civil war but ultimately sided with him. This convinced the "House of Pokom" (Xin, Palak, Puj, Batz, and Tik) and thus the two viceroyalties immediately to the east of Kumakah tied to them, to also follow the Regent' cause although popular and aristocratic support was weaker at first. To the west, the Yajawil of Mamk'ab would proclaim itself almost immediately in support of the Divine Monarchy: the Mam people had long been ruled directly by the Ilok'tab and they've been an important pool of recruitment for soldiers and clerks.<br />
<br />
[[File:Big pillars.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Chilok'tab Palace]] served as the K'uhul Ajaw residence throughout the war.]]<br />
<br />
But beyond a strong base of support, by seizing Kumakah Itzamanaaj and his partisans also seized control of its Chocolate Mills and its royal prints, granting them the ability to continue to emit their own currency, collect taxes in the Viceroyalties controlled, and emit loans and war bonds. The Regent was thus able to secure the loyalty and the discipline of the Southern Army tasked with controlling the Mountain Passes between the Mutul and [[Sante Reze]], but also the border with [[Zacapican]]. Leaving behind only a token force, the royalists thus acquired a core professional force of around 30,000 men. This they completed by calling to arms the "Faithfuls" and forming "People Blessed Armies": militias partially supervised by officers drawn for the southern military, old veterans (recruited in priority), and other charismatic local leaders. At this stage of the war, the Royalists were able to create the Achi People' Army, the Mam People Army, three K'iche people armies, and two Pokom people armies, which represented an auxiliary force estimated between 70,000 and 300,000 men depending on historians as records and claims often contradict each others and not all commissioned officers, tasked with recruiting their own men, were willing or able to keep track of their own numbers. Nowadays, a number between 90,000 and 110,000 militias is more often used and cited.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation and first campaigns of the Noble Republic===<br />
[[File:Sajal war2.png|200px|thumb|The Situation after the Nojkab'al Campaign.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, the Assembly of Aristocrats began negotiations with its two counterparts (the Assembly of Clerics and the Assembly of Elders) to set the basis of a new state. They propose that the three Assemblies declare [[Lady Ik' Jol]] to have been an illegitimate ruler who took power through the murder of the rightful Divine Lord her brother [[Wahlam B'alam VI]] and that the ritual to divinize her own blood has never worked as the gods had disapproved her acts. The gathered assemblies were not necessarily opposed to the proposal, but a divide appeared between those who wished to look for a new successor and the radical few who wished to create a new state with no Divine Lord.<br />
<br />
In these days of confusion, control over the putschists faction was assumed by the Viceroy of Chaknal, [[Waxak B'alam Koj]], the Viceroy of [[Yajawil of Oxmal|Oxmal]], [[Siol Chan Xiu]], and the two Admirals (''Ajaw Ha'': Waterlords) of the Mutul: [[Sijal Ek]] and [[An Xook B'al]]. They gathered urgently in the aftermath of the coup and decided that Waxak B'alam Koj would stay in [[K'alak Muul]] to control the situation there while Sijal Ek and An Xook B'al would go to the [[Yu]] and [[Puylum]] respectively to gain the support of the west and east of the Mutul and gather armies there. The task of pursuing Itzamnaaj and the crown prince thus fell on Siol Chan Xiu who led 3,000 men out of the capital to stop the royal escort. However, he failed to do so before Itzamnaaj reached [[Sakal Witz]] which refused to give up the Divine Lord to his pursuers. Siol Chan Xiu did not challenge the city directly, instead returning to Apikal, modern Yajawil of K'ekchi, to gather a larger army while leaving behind roughly a 1,000 men to control the ways out of Sakal Witz. This troop harassed and followed Itzamnaaj and his strengthened escort after they left the city to continue their way south, but was ultimately unable to stop them and had to retreat and regroup with the rest of Siol Chan Xiu' new army.<br />
<br />
===White Mountain Campaign===<br />
Siol Chan Xiu returned to the Central Mountains at the head of a new army. The professional core was made of soldiers who participated in the coup and Marine Riflemen, the naval forces of the Mutul having sided almost entirely with the Republicans. To these estimated 10,000 veterans new recruits were added forming an army of 45,000 or so men separated into five regiments of nine columns each. Each column represented roughly a thousand men and were divided into uneven numbers of companies, each led by a Captain chartered to recruit and lead his own men as per the Mutul' practices at the time and an habit shared with the royalists.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj was still organizing his Regency, gathering his supports, and recruiting new troops and could not directly influence the battle. The defense of Sakal Witz was thus organized mainly by the [[White Mountain Society]], the inhabitants, as well as volunteers from the rest of the Central Mountains, and mainly from the Blood Hills to the northwest of the city, whose religious dedication to the protection of the holy city could not compensate their lack of weaponry and training. After three weeks of battle and siege, the city fell and was sacked by the Republicans. The Central Mountains now secured, Siol Chan Xiu was free to continue his campaign southward.<br />
<br />
===Nojkab'al Campaign===<br />
[[File:VolcanesdeGuatemala00 D.png|200px|thumb|Sleeping volcanoes in the Central Mountains]]<br />
The battle of Sakal Witz was a setback for the Royalists. Itzamnaaj had led a relief force but arrived to the Central Mountains too late: the city had already fallen. Gathering up some of the militias and volunteers that had fled south, he entrenched his men in the main passes between the Central Mountains and the Viceroyalty of Nojkab'al, the last stretch of land before Kumakah and the K'iche lands.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj had brought an estimated 60,000 men with him and was defending the five passes known to be suitable for military forces. The Republicans were thus outnumbered but lack of reliable information and weapons had led the Regent to take a purely defensive position while waiting for further reinforcements. At first, Siol Chan Xiu placed a regiment in front of each passes before discretly gathering almost all of his men to the westernmost pass and launching an assault there, leaving only token forces elsewhere. The 40,000 men stormed the 12,000 badly armed Royalists and took control of the pass. Fearing a potential exploitation of this breach, Itzamnaaj abandoned the passes and deployed his troops deeper in Nojkab'al.<br />
<br />
Not daring to confront the Republicans directly, Itzamnaaj resorted to waging an assymetric warfare to which his men were better prepared. Siol Chan Xiu was able to reach [[Takalik]], the Viceroyalty Capital and Itzamnaaj refuge, but a lack of supply, diseases, and constant harassment by the Royalists pushed him to retreat back to the passes. Itzamnaaj continued to harass the departing Republicans but did not press further before more rifles and ammunitions had reached him. It's only with 10,000 more men and decent artillery support that he tried to take back control of the passes. However, the Republicans had the time to entrench themselves and all the Royalists assaults failed. The Nojkab'al front would remain active in 1829 when Republicans launched a second campaign to take over Nojkab'al but Itzamnaaj' officers had learned their lessons from the previous year and improved on their defense-in-depth. By 1830, it became clear to all that the central theater of the war was frozen.<br />
<br />
===Muwan Mountains Campaigns===<br />
[[File:PITERA TJAY Rex Siam by Gaspar Bouttat 1690.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Achikooja]], Second General of the Royalists during the Sajal War.]]<br />
<br />
After his troops' victory at Takalik, Itzamnaaj returned to Kumahkah. He demobilized a number of soldier, his army having proved too large to equip and control correctly with his limited economy and reduced pool of officers. Instead he gave almost full control over the economy to [[Nimaq'ij]], patriarch of the [[House of Koyol]], with the mission to create a war industry capable of supporting the needs of the Royalists. To serve as an intermediary between Itzamnaaj' military and Nimaq'ij industry, the Regent also gave [[Muwan Chih K'in]], a [[White Mountain Society|White Mountain]] official who escaped [[Sakal Witz]] and one of [[Lady Ik' Jol]] confidents before the war, complete control over the military logistics.<br />
<br />
So in 1829, as Itzamnaaj just began to reorganized his faction, he divided his remaining 70,000 men into four armies. Ten thousand were left to defend Nojkab'al with the support of an unknown number of partisans recruited locally. 20,000 were kept in reserve in [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumahkah]]. Itzamnaaj and his brother [[Rabanij]] went eastward to link up with royalists in the [[Yajawil of Nokaj]] and to open a new front. The remaining 20,000 men were placed under the leadership of [[Achi Kooja]], the {{wp|Mam peoples|Mam}} general of the defunct Southern Army, with the objective of occupying the Viceroyalties of [[Muwan Witz (Viceroyalty)|Muwan Witz]] and [[K'ikxul (Viceroyalty)|K'ikxul]]. The objective of this campaign was simple: stretch out the frontline, foster more Royalists partisans, bypass the fortified mountain passes, and flank the Republicans entrenched in the Central Mountains.<br />
<br />
The Viceroy of Muwan Witz was maintained in his position by the Republicans, and his loyalties were troubles. He was able to raise 10,000 troops to oppose Achikooja, but when the Royalists arrived before the gates of his capital city of [[Tz'ulum]], he ended up declaring his support for [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]]. When, later that year, the Republicans launched their second campaign into Nojkab'al, Achikooja will arrest the Viceroy and keep him in house custody, possibly to prevent a new change of mind now that the Royalists were knowing difficulties.<br />
<br />
The Republican response to Achikooja' takeover of the Muwan Mountains was meek at first: the nearby Governor of [[Muynal (Viceroyalty)|Muynal]] to the west decided to pre-emptively strike against populations and groups suspected of royalist-sympathies in his province before acting against Achikooja' army. [[K'alak Muul]] then decided to gather a new army of around 30,000 men to the north, in the province of [[K'ikxul (Viceroyalty)|K'ikxul]] it's there that Achikooja decided to strike next.<br />
<br />
The 20,000 K'iche, Mam, and Achi Royalists soldiers were joined by the thousand of auxilliaries raised by the Viceroy. The {{wp|Qʼanjobʼal language|Kanjob'al}} people had sympathies to the K'uhul Ajaw' cause and many volunteers had gone to [[Sakal Witz]] to participate in the failed defense of the city the previous year. And so did many {{wp|Tojolabal people|Tohol Ab'al}} people of K'ikxul. The Republicans thus ended up having to fight an insurgent war in the Blood Hills while the Royalists were able to organize a network of sympathizers to support and guide their army. Dispersed and outnumbered, the main Republican column nonetheless moved to meet the Royalists by making a daring march through almost impracticable terrains before occupying Usij Witz, the Vulture Mountain, on Achikooja' eastern flank, threatening his supply lines. The two armies faced one another, unwilling to engage, before news forced Achikooja to retreat back to Muwan Witz.<br />
<br />
In 1830, the Governor of Muynal received professional troops from the Noble Republic to add to his own army and he was able to launch a campaign against the Muwan Mountains, aiming to retake Tz'ulum. Achikooja rushed back with 30,000 men to face the Muynaleses who had roughly the same number of troops. This time it's Achikooja who dared to take a risky crossing of the [[Kox river]] to get behind the Muynaleses positions as the latter had continued their march on Tz'ulum almost unchallenged once they had gone through the Royalists lines of defenses. The [[Battle of Yalkox]] almost turned to the Royalists' disfavor but ultimately, while the main Republican column was able to retreat back to Muynal, victory was firmly in the hands of Achikooja and his men.<br />
<br />
==Consequences==<br />
<br />
{{Mutul Topics|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:Civil war]]<br />
[[category:War]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Sajal_War&diff=778959Sajal War2024-03-10T18:26:46Z<p>Devink: /* Consolidation and first campaigns of the Noble Republic */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox Military Conflict<br />
|conflict = Sajal War<br />
|partof =<br />
| image = Common soldier.jpg<br />
| caption = A common Mutulese soldier during the Sajal War<br />
|date = 1828 - 1839<br />
|place = [[Mutul]]<br />
|result = Royalist Victory<br />
*Capitulation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]<br />
*Reunification of the [[Mutul]]<br />
*Beginning of the Itzamnaaj Reformation<br />
|combatant1 = {{flag|Mutul|Royalists}}<br />
|combatant2 = {{flag|Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale}}<br />
|commander1 = [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] <br> [[Rabanij]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|Yax Kelem Pat]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|K'atun May]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|Winik Pek]]<br />
|commander2 = [[Waxak B'alam Koj]] <br> [[Siol Chan Xiu]] <br> [[Sijal Ek]] <br> [[An Xook B'al]] <br> [[Bolon Chan B'alam]]<br />
|strength1 = 110,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|strength2 = ~200,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|casualties1 = 18,500 killed <br> 55,750 wounded or missing<br />
|casualties2 = 11,375 killed <br> 34,125 wounded or missing<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Sajal War''', also known as the '''War of the Frightfuls''' or '''Terrifying War''', was a civil war that opposed the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] of the [[Mutul]] and their loyalists against the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]. It lasted from 1828 with the Day of the Balconies (the murder of the Divine Lady [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] and the escape of her husband [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] with their son the crown prince [[B'alijaj Chan K'awiil II]]) to 1839 with the Redition of Itzamkan.<br />
<br />
The war happened in a context of political and economic decline of the Mutul which has seen its influence and and credit greatly diminished by lost wars against [[Tsurushima]] and [[Zacapican]]. Lady Ik' Jol rise to the throne came as a palace coup against the court faction that had taken control of the country under her father and brother's reigns. The reforms she promoted were an attempt to undermine the political power accumulated by the nobility over the 18th century but were cut short by her own assassination. It is remembered as the most brutal war in Mutulese history, one that has profoundly shaped the modern Mutul and created a clear historical cleavage between what came before and what came after the war.<br />
<br />
===Origins===<br />
<br />
Since the rule of [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil I]] in the early 18th century, the powers and authority of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] kept being limited by the ever more powerful merchant-aristocracy of the [[Mutul]]. Local and national assemblies became permanent legal institutions whom obtained a de-facto say on the Divine King's politics after much political troubles. The weakening of the [[Mutulese Ochran|Mutul's position in the West]] after the [[Tsurushima|Tsurushimese revolution]] of 1750 only exacerbated a conflict between a weakened monarchy and its nobility whom, inspired by both local and foreign thinkers, especially from [[Sante Reze]] developed a more {{wp|liberalism|liberal}} approach to both the economy and politics.<br />
<br />
In 1819, the [[Second War for Kahei]] started, threatening some of the merchant-aristocracy's positions in Ochran. In 1820, [[Wahlam B'alam V]] died in [[K'umarkaj]] after a decade long semi-exile ordered by the Sajal Holpop, the Nobility's Assembly, who had taken over [[K'alak Muul]]. His young son, [[Wahlam B'alam VI]], was brought back to the capital to be crowned and ruled as a puppet king for the Sajal Holpop. The same year, he died of illness and was succeeded by his elder sister, [[Lady Ik' Jol]]. Ik' Jol tried to restructure the [[Mutul|Divine Throne]] bureaucracy to limit the powers of the assemblies like the Sajal Holpop. In 1828, a conspiracy of Mutuleses aristocrats managed to murder the Divine Queen and her body was pushed from the balcony of [[K'alak Muul|her palace]]. The same day, her husband managed to escape from a similar murder plot and flee the capital with their son, the future [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]]. Legends have Itzamnaaj escape from another balcony of the royal palace. After this "Days of the Balconies", the Sajal Holpop proclaimed the end of the [[Mutul]] and the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
==Combattants==<br />
===Ilok'tab Loyalists===<br />
<br />
After his escape from [[K'alak Muul]], [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]], king-consort of [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] gained [[Yajawil of Kumahkah|Kumahkah]], the traditional base of power of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and enthroned his son as [[B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]] while he himself took the position of Regent. He amassed around him an inner circle of friends, family members, and clients, and built from there his resistance to the Noble Republic.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Loyalists was thus made of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and all associated lineages. {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} and {{wp|Mam people|Mam}} people had remained heavily tied to the Ilok'tab with their "special link" to the Monarchy and the Body of the Divine Lord guaranteeing them a privileged situation they would lose in case of a Monarchists' defeat. Similarly, the Republicans' project was one that would offer no alternative to the people who lived far away from the international economic circuits and was seen as guaranteeing the financial and social collapse of their communities.<br />
<br />
Religious and Monarchists insurections would be a regular issue for the Noble Republic. Most of those revolts would be triggered by military successes from [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] but were otherwise completely independent and unsupported by the Regent' party. They were more often expression of rural and popular uneasiness and dread at the reforms and changes promoted and pushed by the Noble Republic. Their association with the Monarchist movement was thus circumstantial at first but their repression by the Noble Republic and the rewards granted by the Ilok'tab whenever they were able to link up with local movements allowed the latter to build up a real popular base of power that guaranteed the perenity of the dynasty.<br />
<br />
===Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale===<br />
<br />
The Republic's power-base was made of the middle class and the merchant-aristocracy everywhere in the country. It was especially well established in the [[Yajawil of Kanol]] and the West in general, where trans-Makrian trade had led to the emergence of a wealthy "modern" society that had the time to stabilize itself as it had existed for more than 200 years by the time of the Sajal War. A similar but much younger analogue society had emerged in the East after the [[Sante Reze]] revolution of 1701 that opened the trans-Thalassian trade routes to the Mutuleses merchant-nobility. While even more radical in its support of the Noble Republic than the "West", the "East" also proved to be the weak link of the Republicans, as it's relatively recent emergence meant that it was still full of contradictions, paradoxes, and social divides on which the Royalists managed to play to gain the upper-hand.<br />
<br />
==Course of the war==<br />
===Exile and constitution of the Regency===<br />
[[File:Sajal war.png|200px|thumb|Situation in 1828. In red: Republican territories. In yellow: Royalists bastions. Rest of the country was either contested or uncertain.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, as baptized by the Republicans, [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] was able to flee [[K'alak Muul]] with his son, the future [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil II]] and a handful of supporters. On their way they stopped at [[Sakal Witz]] where they were able to gain the support of the [[White Mountain Society|priests of the White Mountain]] which allowed them to continue their journey southward to [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumakah]]. Itzamnaaj established his son in the Palace of [[Chilok'tab]], a suburb of Kumakah and a site with 800 years old ties to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]]. It's there that he proclaimed his son the new [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|Divine Lord]] and placed himself as his regent before granting himself the status of Regent.<br />
<br />
Kumakah, and the rest of the eponymous viceroyalty, proved more than receptive and dedicated to the Royalist cause. Chief among these supporters were the House of Achi, Itzamnaaj' own clan, the religious institutions, temples and sanctuaries, of the region, as well as other leading lineages chief among them the [[House of Koyol]] one of the four great K'iche houses and strong actors of the Mutul industry. The four "House of Iximte", the Zotzil, Xahil, Tukuche, and Akajal, were less immediately agreeable to the Regent' project for a civil war but ultimately sided with him. This convinced the "House of Pokom" (Xin, Palak, Puj, Batz, and Tik) and thus the two viceroyalties immediately to the east of Kumakah tied to them, to also follow the Regent' cause although popular and aristocratic support was weaker at first. To the west, the Yajawil of Mamk'ab would proclaim itself almost immediately in support of the Divine Monarchy: the Mam people had long been ruled directly by the Ilok'tab and they've been an important pool of recruitment for soldiers and clerks.<br />
<br />
[[File:Big pillars.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Chilok'tab Palace]] served as the K'uhul Ajaw residence throughout the war.]]<br />
<br />
But beyond a strong base of support, by seizing Kumakah Itzamanaaj and his partisans also seized control of its Chocolate Mills and its royal prints, granting them the ability to continue to emit their own currency, collect taxes in the Viceroyalties controlled, and emit loans and war bonds. The Regent was thus able to secure the loyalty and the discipline of the Southern Army tasked with controlling the Mountain Passes between the Mutul and [[Sante Reze]], but also the border with [[Zacapican]]. Leaving behind only a token force, the royalists thus acquired a core professional force of around 30,000 men. This they completed by calling to arms the "Faithfuls" and forming "People Blessed Armies": militias partially supervised by officers drawn for the southern military, old veterans (recruited in priority), and other charismatic local leaders. At this stage of the war, the Royalists were able to create the Achi People' Army, the Mam People Army, three K'iche people armies, and two Pokom people armies, which represented an auxiliary force estimated between 70,000 and 300,000 men depending on historians as records and claims often contradict each others and not all commissioned officers, tasked with recruiting their own men, were willing or able to keep track of their own numbers. Nowadays, a number between 90,000 and 110,000 militias is more often used and cited.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation and first campaigns of the Noble Republic===<br />
[[File:Sajal war2.png|200px|thumb|The Situation after the Nojkab'al Campaign.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, the Assembly of Aristocrats began negotiations with its two counterparts (the Assembly of Clerics and the Assembly of Elders) to set the basis of a new state. They propose that the three Assemblies declare [[Lady Ik' Jol]] to have been an illegitimate ruler who took power through the murder of the rightful Divine Lord her brother [[Wahlam B'alam VI]] and that the ritual to divinize her own blood has never worked as the gods had disapproved her acts. The gathered assemblies were not necessarily opposed to the proposal, but a divide appeared between those who wished to look for a new successor and the radical few who wished to create a new state with no Divine Lord.<br />
<br />
In these days of confusion, control over the putschists faction was assumed by the Viceroy of Chaknal, [[Waxak B'alam Koj]], the Viceroy of [[Yajawil of Oxmal|Oxmal]], [[Siol Chan Xiu]], and the two Admirals (''Ajaw Ha'': Waterlords) of the Mutul: [[Sijal Ek]] and [[An Xook B'al]]. They gathered urgently in the aftermath of the coup and decided that Waxak B'alam Koj would stay in [[K'alak Muul]] to control the situation there while Sijal Ek and An Xook B'al would go to the [[Yu]] and [[Puylum]] respectively to gain the support of the west and east of the Mutul and gather armies there. The task of pursuing Itzamnaaj and the crown prince thus fell on Siol Chan Xiu who led 3,000 men out of the capital to stop the royal escort. However, he failed to do so before Itzamnaaj reached [[Sakal Witz]] which refused to give up the Divine Lord to his pursuers. Siol Chan Xiu did not challenge the city directly, instead returning to Apikal, modern Yajawil of K'ekchi, to gather a larger army while leaving behind roughly a 1,000 men to control the ways out of Sakal Witz. This troop harassed and followed Itzamnaaj and his strengthened escort after they left the city to continue their way south, but was ultimately unable to stop them and had to retreat and regroup with the rest of Siol Chan Xiu' new army.<br />
<br />
===White Mountain Campaign===<br />
Siol Chan Xiu returned to the Central Mountains at the head of a new army. The professional core was made of soldiers who participated in the coup and Marine Riflemen, the naval forces of the Mutul having sided almost entirely with the Republicans. To these estimated 10,000 veterans new recruits were added forming an army of 45,000 or so men separated into five regiments of nine columns each. Each column represented roughly a thousand men and were divided into uneven numbers of companies, each led by a Captain chartered to recruit and lead his own men as per the Mutul' practices at the time and an habit shared with the royalists.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj was still organizing his Regency, gathering his supports, and recruiting new troops and could not directly influence the battle. The defense of Sakal Witz was thus organized mainly by the [[White Mountain Society]], the inhabitants, as well as volunteers from the rest of the Central Mountains, and mainly from the Blood Hills to the northwest of the city, whose religious dedication to the protection of the holy city could not compensate their lack of weaponry and training. After three weeks of battle and siege, the city fell and was sacked by the Republicans. The Central Mountains now secured, Siol Chan Xiu was free to continue his campaign southward.<br />
<br />
===Nojkab'al Campaign===<br />
[[File:VolcanesdeGuatemala00 D.png|200px|thumb|Sleeping volcanoes in the Central Mountains]]<br />
The battle of Sakal Witz was a setback for the Royalists. Itzamnaaj had led a relief force but arrived to the Central Mountains too late: the city had already fallen. Gathering up some of the militias and volunteers that had fled south, he entrenched his men in the main passes between the Central Mountains and the Viceroyalty of Nojkab'al, the last stretch of land before Kumakah and the K'iche lands.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj had brought an estimated 60,000 men with him and was defending the five passes known to be suitable for military forces. The Republicans were thus outnumbered but lack of reliable information and weapons had led the Regent to take a purely defensive position while waiting for further reinforcements. At first, Siol Chan Xiu placed a regiment in front of each passes before discretly gathering almost all of his men to the westernmost pass and launching an assault there, leaving only token forces elsewhere. The 40,000 men stormed the 12,000 badly armed Royalists and took control of the pass. Fearing a potential exploitation of this breach, Itzamnaaj abandoned the passes and deployed his troops deeper in Nojkab'al.<br />
<br />
Not daring to confront the Republicans directly, Itzamnaaj resorted to waging an assymetric warfare to which his men were better prepared. Siol Chan Xiu was able to reach [[Takalik]], the Viceroyalty Capital and Itzamnaaj refuge, but a lack of supply, diseases, and constant harassment by the Royalists pushed him to retreat back to the passes. Itzamnaaj continued to harass the departing Republicans but did not press further before more rifles and ammunitions had reached him. It's only with 10,000 more men and decent artillery support that he tried to take back control of the passes. However, the Republicans had the time to entrench themselves and all the Royalists assaults failed. The Nojkab'al front would remain active in 1829 when Republicans launched a second campaign to take over Nojkab'al but Itzamnaaj' officers had learned their lessons from the previous year and improved on their defense-in-depth. By 1830, it became clear to all that the central theater of the war was frozen.<br />
<br />
===Muwan Mountains Campaigns===<br />
<br />
After his troops' victory at Takalik, Itzamnaaj returned to Kumahkah. He demobilized a number of soldier, his army having proved too large to equip and control correctly with his limited economy and reduced pool of officers. Instead he gave almost full control over the economy to [[Nimaq'ij]], patriarch of the [[House of Koyol]], with the mission to create a war industry capable of supporting the needs of the Royalists. To serve as an intermediary between Itzamnaaj' military and Nimaq'ij industry, the Regent also gave [[Muwan Chih K'in]], a [[White Mountain Society|White Mountain]] official who escaped [[Sakal Witz]] and one of [[Lady Ik' Jol]] confidents before the war, complete control over the military logistics.<br />
<br />
So in 1829, as Itzamnaaj just began to reorganized his faction, he divided his remaining 70,000 men into four armies. Ten thousand were left to defend Nojkab'al with the support of an unknown number of partisans recruited locally. 20,000 were kept in reserve in [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumahkah]]. Itzamnaaj and his brother [[Rabanij]] went eastward to link up with royalists in the [[Yajawil of Nokaj]] and to open a new front. The remaining 20,000 men were placed under the leadership of [[Achi Kooja]], the {{wp|Mam peoples|Mam}} general of the defunct Southern Army, with the objective of occupying the Viceroyalties of [[Muwan Witz (Viceroyalty)|Muwan Witz]] and [[K'ikxul (Viceroyalty)|K'ikxul]]. The objective of this campaign was simple: stretch out the frontline, foster more Royalists partisans, bypass the fortified mountain passes, and flank the Republicans entrenched in the Central Mountains.<br />
<br />
The Viceroy of Muwan Witz was maintained in his position by the Republicans, and his loyalties were troubles. He was able to raise 10,000 troops to oppose Achikooja, but when the Royalists arrived before the gates of his capital city of [[Tz'ulum]], he ended up declaring his support for [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]]. When, later that year, the Republicans launched their second campaign into Nojkab'al, Achikooja will arrest the Viceroy and keep him in house custody, possibly to prevent a new change of mind now that the Royalists were knowing difficulties.<br />
<br />
The Republican response to Achikooja' takeover of the Muwan Mountains was meek at first: the nearby Governor of [[Muynal (Viceroyalty)|Muynal]] to the west decided to pre-emptively strike against populations and groups suspected of royalist-sympathies in his province before acting against Achikooja' army. [[K'alak Muul]] then decided to gather a new army of around 30,000 men to the north, in the province of [[K'ikxul (Viceroyalty)|K'ikxul]] it's there that Achikooja decided to strike next.<br />
<br />
The 20,000 K'iche, Mam, and Achi Royalists soldiers were joined by the thousand of auxilliaries raised by the Viceroy. The {{wp|Qʼanjobʼal language|Kanjob'al}} people had sympathies to the K'uhul Ajaw' cause and many volunteers had gone to [[Sakal Witz]] to participate in the failed defense of the city the previous year. And so did many {{wp|Tojolabal people|Tohol Ab'al}} people of K'ikxul. The Republicans thus ended up having to fight an insurgent war in the Blood Hills while the Royalists were able to organize a network of sympathizers to support and guide their army. Dispersed and outnumbered, the main Republican column nonetheless moved to meet the Royalists by making a daring march through almost impracticable terrains before occupying Usij Witz, the Vulture Mountain, on Achikooja' eastern flank, threatening his supply lines. The two armies faced one another, unwilling to engage, before news forced Achikooja to retreat back to Muwan Witz.<br />
<br />
In 1830, the Governor of Muynal received professional troops from the Noble Republic to add to his own army and he was able to launch a campaign against the Muwan Mountains, aiming to retake Tz'ulum. Achikooja rushed back with 30,000 men to face the Muynaleses who had roughly the same number of troops. This time it's Achikooja who dared to take a risky crossing of the [[Kox river]] to get behind the Muynaleses positions as the latter had continued their march on Tz'ulum almost unchallenged once they had gone through the Royalists lines of defenses. The [[Battle of Yalkox]] almost turned to the Royalists' disfavor but ultimately, while the main Republican column was able to retreat back to Muynal, victory was firmly in the hands of Achikooja and his men.<br />
<br />
==Consequences==<br />
<br />
{{Mutul Topics|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:Civil war]]<br />
[[category:War]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Sajal_war2.png&diff=778958File:Sajal war2.png2024-03-10T18:25:44Z<p>Devink: </p>
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<div></div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Sajal_War&diff=778950Sajal War2024-03-10T18:18:26Z<p>Devink: /* Exile and constitution of the Regency */</p>
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<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox Military Conflict<br />
|conflict = Sajal War<br />
|partof =<br />
| image = Common soldier.jpg<br />
| caption = A common Mutulese soldier during the Sajal War<br />
|date = 1828 - 1839<br />
|place = [[Mutul]]<br />
|result = Royalist Victory<br />
*Capitulation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]<br />
*Reunification of the [[Mutul]]<br />
*Beginning of the Itzamnaaj Reformation<br />
|combatant1 = {{flag|Mutul|Royalists}}<br />
|combatant2 = {{flag|Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale}}<br />
|commander1 = [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] <br> [[Rabanij]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|Yax Kelem Pat]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|K'atun May]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|Winik Pek]]<br />
|commander2 = [[Waxak B'alam Koj]] <br> [[Siol Chan Xiu]] <br> [[Sijal Ek]] <br> [[An Xook B'al]] <br> [[Bolon Chan B'alam]]<br />
|strength1 = 110,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|strength2 = ~200,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|casualties1 = 18,500 killed <br> 55,750 wounded or missing<br />
|casualties2 = 11,375 killed <br> 34,125 wounded or missing<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Sajal War''', also known as the '''War of the Frightfuls''' or '''Terrifying War''', was a civil war that opposed the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] of the [[Mutul]] and their loyalists against the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]. It lasted from 1828 with the Day of the Balconies (the murder of the Divine Lady [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] and the escape of her husband [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] with their son the crown prince [[B'alijaj Chan K'awiil II]]) to 1839 with the Redition of Itzamkan.<br />
<br />
The war happened in a context of political and economic decline of the Mutul which has seen its influence and and credit greatly diminished by lost wars against [[Tsurushima]] and [[Zacapican]]. Lady Ik' Jol rise to the throne came as a palace coup against the court faction that had taken control of the country under her father and brother's reigns. The reforms she promoted were an attempt to undermine the political power accumulated by the nobility over the 18th century but were cut short by her own assassination. It is remembered as the most brutal war in Mutulese history, one that has profoundly shaped the modern Mutul and created a clear historical cleavage between what came before and what came after the war.<br />
<br />
===Origins===<br />
<br />
Since the rule of [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil I]] in the early 18th century, the powers and authority of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] kept being limited by the ever more powerful merchant-aristocracy of the [[Mutul]]. Local and national assemblies became permanent legal institutions whom obtained a de-facto say on the Divine King's politics after much political troubles. The weakening of the [[Mutulese Ochran|Mutul's position in the West]] after the [[Tsurushima|Tsurushimese revolution]] of 1750 only exacerbated a conflict between a weakened monarchy and its nobility whom, inspired by both local and foreign thinkers, especially from [[Sante Reze]] developed a more {{wp|liberalism|liberal}} approach to both the economy and politics.<br />
<br />
In 1819, the [[Second War for Kahei]] started, threatening some of the merchant-aristocracy's positions in Ochran. In 1820, [[Wahlam B'alam V]] died in [[K'umarkaj]] after a decade long semi-exile ordered by the Sajal Holpop, the Nobility's Assembly, who had taken over [[K'alak Muul]]. His young son, [[Wahlam B'alam VI]], was brought back to the capital to be crowned and ruled as a puppet king for the Sajal Holpop. The same year, he died of illness and was succeeded by his elder sister, [[Lady Ik' Jol]]. Ik' Jol tried to restructure the [[Mutul|Divine Throne]] bureaucracy to limit the powers of the assemblies like the Sajal Holpop. In 1828, a conspiracy of Mutuleses aristocrats managed to murder the Divine Queen and her body was pushed from the balcony of [[K'alak Muul|her palace]]. The same day, her husband managed to escape from a similar murder plot and flee the capital with their son, the future [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]]. Legends have Itzamnaaj escape from another balcony of the royal palace. After this "Days of the Balconies", the Sajal Holpop proclaimed the end of the [[Mutul]] and the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
==Combattants==<br />
===Ilok'tab Loyalists===<br />
<br />
After his escape from [[K'alak Muul]], [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]], king-consort of [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] gained [[Yajawil of Kumahkah|Kumahkah]], the traditional base of power of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and enthroned his son as [[B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]] while he himself took the position of Regent. He amassed around him an inner circle of friends, family members, and clients, and built from there his resistance to the Noble Republic.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Loyalists was thus made of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and all associated lineages. {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} and {{wp|Mam people|Mam}} people had remained heavily tied to the Ilok'tab with their "special link" to the Monarchy and the Body of the Divine Lord guaranteeing them a privileged situation they would lose in case of a Monarchists' defeat. Similarly, the Republicans' project was one that would offer no alternative to the people who lived far away from the international economic circuits and was seen as guaranteeing the financial and social collapse of their communities.<br />
<br />
Religious and Monarchists insurections would be a regular issue for the Noble Republic. Most of those revolts would be triggered by military successes from [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] but were otherwise completely independent and unsupported by the Regent' party. They were more often expression of rural and popular uneasiness and dread at the reforms and changes promoted and pushed by the Noble Republic. Their association with the Monarchist movement was thus circumstantial at first but their repression by the Noble Republic and the rewards granted by the Ilok'tab whenever they were able to link up with local movements allowed the latter to build up a real popular base of power that guaranteed the perenity of the dynasty.<br />
<br />
===Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale===<br />
<br />
The Republic's power-base was made of the middle class and the merchant-aristocracy everywhere in the country. It was especially well established in the [[Yajawil of Kanol]] and the West in general, where trans-Makrian trade had led to the emergence of a wealthy "modern" society that had the time to stabilize itself as it had existed for more than 200 years by the time of the Sajal War. A similar but much younger analogue society had emerged in the East after the [[Sante Reze]] revolution of 1701 that opened the trans-Thalassian trade routes to the Mutuleses merchant-nobility. While even more radical in its support of the Noble Republic than the "West", the "East" also proved to be the weak link of the Republicans, as it's relatively recent emergence meant that it was still full of contradictions, paradoxes, and social divides on which the Royalists managed to play to gain the upper-hand.<br />
<br />
==Course of the war==<br />
===Exile and constitution of the Regency===<br />
[[File:Sajal war.png|200px|thumb|Situation in 1828. In red: Republican territories. In yellow: Royalists bastions. Rest of the country was either contested or uncertain.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, as baptized by the Republicans, [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] was able to flee [[K'alak Muul]] with his son, the future [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil II]] and a handful of supporters. On their way they stopped at [[Sakal Witz]] where they were able to gain the support of the [[White Mountain Society|priests of the White Mountain]] which allowed them to continue their journey southward to [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumakah]]. Itzamnaaj established his son in the Palace of [[Chilok'tab]], a suburb of Kumakah and a site with 800 years old ties to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]]. It's there that he proclaimed his son the new [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|Divine Lord]] and placed himself as his regent before granting himself the status of Regent.<br />
<br />
Kumakah, and the rest of the eponymous viceroyalty, proved more than receptive and dedicated to the Royalist cause. Chief among these supporters were the House of Achi, Itzamnaaj' own clan, the religious institutions, temples and sanctuaries, of the region, as well as other leading lineages chief among them the [[House of Koyol]] one of the four great K'iche houses and strong actors of the Mutul industry. The four "House of Iximte", the Zotzil, Xahil, Tukuche, and Akajal, were less immediately agreeable to the Regent' project for a civil war but ultimately sided with him. This convinced the "House of Pokom" (Xin, Palak, Puj, Batz, and Tik) and thus the two viceroyalties immediately to the east of Kumakah tied to them, to also follow the Regent' cause although popular and aristocratic support was weaker at first. To the west, the Yajawil of Mamk'ab would proclaim itself almost immediately in support of the Divine Monarchy: the Mam people had long been ruled directly by the Ilok'tab and they've been an important pool of recruitment for soldiers and clerks.<br />
<br />
[[File:Big pillars.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Chilok'tab Palace]] served as the K'uhul Ajaw residence throughout the war.]]<br />
<br />
But beyond a strong base of support, by seizing Kumakah Itzamanaaj and his partisans also seized control of its Chocolate Mills and its royal prints, granting them the ability to continue to emit their own currency, collect taxes in the Viceroyalties controlled, and emit loans and war bonds. The Regent was thus able to secure the loyalty and the discipline of the Southern Army tasked with controlling the Mountain Passes between the Mutul and [[Sante Reze]], but also the border with [[Zacapican]]. Leaving behind only a token force, the royalists thus acquired a core professional force of around 30,000 men. This they completed by calling to arms the "Faithfuls" and forming "People Blessed Armies": militias partially supervised by officers drawn for the southern military, old veterans (recruited in priority), and other charismatic local leaders. At this stage of the war, the Royalists were able to create the Achi People' Army, the Mam People Army, three K'iche people armies, and two Pokom people armies, which represented an auxiliary force estimated between 70,000 and 300,000 men depending on historians as records and claims often contradict each others and not all commissioned officers, tasked with recruiting their own men, were willing or able to keep track of their own numbers. Nowadays, a number between 90,000 and 110,000 militias is more often used and cited.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation and first campaigns of the Noble Republic===<br />
[[File:Central acropolis.jpg|200px|thumb|The [[Chak Yaxnah Ho’kan]] before its destruction during the war. The royal house had become the Three Estates' meeting place.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, the Assembly of Aristocrats began negotiations with its two counterparts (the Assembly of Clerics and the Assembly of Elders) to set the basis of a new state. They propose that the three Assemblies declare [[Lady Ik' Jol]] to have been an illegitimate ruler who took power through the murder of the rightful Divine Lord her brother [[Wahlam B'alam VI]] and that the ritual to divinize her own blood has never worked as the gods had disapproved her acts. The gathered assemblies were not necessarily opposed to the proposal, but a divide appeared between those who wished to look for a new successor and the radical few who wished to create a new state with no Divine Lord.<br />
<br />
In these days of confusion, control over the putschists faction was assumed by the Viceroy of Chaknal, [[Waxak B'alam Koj]], the Viceroy of [[Yajawil of Oxmal|Oxmal]], [[Siol Chan Xiu]], and the two Admirals (''Ajaw Ha'': Waterlords) of the Mutul: [[Sijal Ek]] and [[An Xook B'al]]. They gathered urgently in the aftermath of the coup and decided that Waxak B'alam Koj would stay in [[K'alak Muul]] to control the situation there while Sijal Ek and An Xook B'al would go to the [[Yu]] and [[Puylum]] respectively to gain the support of the west and east of the Mutul and gather armies there. The task of pursuing Itzamnaaj and the crown prince thus fell on Siol Chan Xiu who led 3,000 men out of the capital to stop the royal escort. However, he failed to do so before Itzamnaaj reached [[Sakal Witz]] which refused to give up the Divine Lord to his pursuers. Siol Chan Xiu did not challenge the city directly, instead returning to Apikal, modern Yajawil of K'ekchi, to gather a larger army while leaving behind roughly a 1,000 men to control the ways out of Sakal Witz. This troop harassed and followed Itzamnaaj and his strengthened escort after they left the city to continue their way south, but was ultimately unable to stop them and had to retreat and regroup with the rest of Siol Chan Xiu' new army.<br />
<br />
===White Mountain Campaign===<br />
Siol Chan Xiu returned to the Central Mountains at the head of a new army. The professional core was made of soldiers who participated in the coup and Marine Riflemen, the naval forces of the Mutul having sided almost entirely with the Republicans. To these estimated 10,000 veterans new recruits were added forming an army of 45,000 or so men separated into five regiments of nine columns each. Each column represented roughly a thousand men and were divided into uneven numbers of companies, each led by a Captain chartered to recruit and lead his own men as per the Mutul' practices at the time and an habit shared with the royalists.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj was still organizing his Regency, gathering his supports, and recruiting new troops and could not directly influence the battle. The defense of Sakal Witz was thus organized mainly by the [[White Mountain Society]], the inhabitants, as well as volunteers from the rest of the Central Mountains, and mainly from the Blood Hills to the northwest of the city, whose religious dedication to the protection of the holy city could not compensate their lack of weaponry and training. After three weeks of battle and siege, the city fell and was sacked by the Republicans. The Central Mountains now secured, Siol Chan Xiu was free to continue his campaign southward.<br />
<br />
===Nojkab'al Campaign===<br />
[[File:VolcanesdeGuatemala00 D.png|200px|thumb|Sleeping volcanoes in the Central Mountains]]<br />
The battle of Sakal Witz was a setback for the Royalists. Itzamnaaj had led a relief force but arrived to the Central Mountains too late: the city had already fallen. Gathering up some of the militias and volunteers that had fled south, he entrenched his men in the main passes between the Central Mountains and the Viceroyalty of Nojkab'al, the last stretch of land before Kumakah and the K'iche lands.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj had brought an estimated 60,000 men with him and was defending the five passes known to be suitable for military forces. The Republicans were thus outnumbered but lack of reliable information and weapons had led the Regent to take a purely defensive position while waiting for further reinforcements. At first, Siol Chan Xiu placed a regiment in front of each passes before discretly gathering almost all of his men to the westernmost pass and launching an assault there, leaving only token forces elsewhere. The 40,000 men stormed the 12,000 badly armed Royalists and took control of the pass. Fearing a potential exploitation of this breach, Itzamnaaj abandoned the passes and deployed his troops deeper in Nojkab'al.<br />
<br />
Not daring to confront the Republicans directly, Itzamnaaj resorted to waging an assymetric warfare to which his men were better prepared. Siol Chan Xiu was able to reach [[Takalik]], the Viceroyalty Capital and Itzamnaaj refuge, but a lack of supply, diseases, and constant harassment by the Royalists pushed him to retreat back to the passes. Itzamnaaj continued to harass the departing Republicans but did not press further before more rifles and ammunitions had reached him. It's only with 10,000 more men and decent artillery support that he tried to take back control of the passes. However, the Republicans had the time to entrench themselves and all the Royalists assaults failed. The Nojkab'al front would remain active in 1829 when Republicans launched a second campaign to take over Nojkab'al but Itzamnaaj' officers had learned their lessons from the previous year and improved on their defense-in-depth. By 1830, it became clear to all that the central theater of the war was frozen.<br />
<br />
===Muwan Mountains Campaigns===<br />
<br />
After his troops' victory at Takalik, Itzamnaaj returned to Kumahkah. He demobilized a number of soldier, his army having proved too large to equip and control correctly with his limited economy and reduced pool of officers. Instead he gave almost full control over the economy to [[Nimaq'ij]], patriarch of the [[House of Koyol]], with the mission to create a war industry capable of supporting the needs of the Royalists. To serve as an intermediary between Itzamnaaj' military and Nimaq'ij industry, the Regent also gave [[Muwan Chih K'in]], a [[White Mountain Society|White Mountain]] official who escaped [[Sakal Witz]] and one of [[Lady Ik' Jol]] confidents before the war, complete control over the military logistics.<br />
<br />
So in 1829, as Itzamnaaj just began to reorganized his faction, he divided his remaining 70,000 men into four armies. Ten thousand were left to defend Nojkab'al with the support of an unknown number of partisans recruited locally. 20,000 were kept in reserve in [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumahkah]]. Itzamnaaj and his brother [[Rabanij]] went eastward to link up with royalists in the [[Yajawil of Nokaj]] and to open a new front. The remaining 20,000 men were placed under the leadership of [[Achi Kooja]], the {{wp|Mam peoples|Mam}} general of the defunct Southern Army, with the objective of occupying the Viceroyalties of [[Muwan Witz (Viceroyalty)|Muwan Witz]] and [[K'ikxul (Viceroyalty)|K'ikxul]]. The objective of this campaign was simple: stretch out the frontline, foster more Royalists partisans, bypass the fortified mountain passes, and flank the Republicans entrenched in the Central Mountains.<br />
<br />
The Viceroy of Muwan Witz was maintained in his position by the Republicans, and his loyalties were troubles. He was able to raise 10,000 troops to oppose Achikooja, but when the Royalists arrived before the gates of his capital city of [[Tz'ulum]], he ended up declaring his support for [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]]. When, later that year, the Republicans launched their second campaign into Nojkab'al, Achikooja will arrest the Viceroy and keep him in house custody, possibly to prevent a new change of mind now that the Royalists were knowing difficulties.<br />
<br />
The Republican response to Achikooja' takeover of the Muwan Mountains was meek at first: the nearby Governor of [[Muynal (Viceroyalty)|Muynal]] to the west decided to pre-emptively strike against populations and groups suspected of royalist-sympathies in his province before acting against Achikooja' army. [[K'alak Muul]] then decided to gather a new army of around 30,000 men to the north, in the province of [[K'ikxul (Viceroyalty)|K'ikxul]] it's there that Achikooja decided to strike next.<br />
<br />
The 20,000 K'iche, Mam, and Achi Royalists soldiers were joined by the thousand of auxilliaries raised by the Viceroy. The {{wp|Qʼanjobʼal language|Kanjob'al}} people had sympathies to the K'uhul Ajaw' cause and many volunteers had gone to [[Sakal Witz]] to participate in the failed defense of the city the previous year. And so did many {{wp|Tojolabal people|Tohol Ab'al}} people of K'ikxul. The Republicans thus ended up having to fight an insurgent war in the Blood Hills while the Royalists were able to organize a network of sympathizers to support and guide their army. Dispersed and outnumbered, the main Republican column nonetheless moved to meet the Royalists by making a daring march through almost impracticable terrains before occupying Usij Witz, the Vulture Mountain, on Achikooja' eastern flank, threatening his supply lines. The two armies faced one another, unwilling to engage, before news forced Achikooja to retreat back to Muwan Witz.<br />
<br />
In 1830, the Governor of Muynal received professional troops from the Noble Republic to add to his own army and he was able to launch a campaign against the Muwan Mountains, aiming to retake Tz'ulum. Achikooja rushed back with 30,000 men to face the Muynaleses who had roughly the same number of troops. This time it's Achikooja who dared to take a risky crossing of the [[Kox river]] to get behind the Muynaleses positions as the latter had continued their march on Tz'ulum almost unchallenged once they had gone through the Royalists lines of defenses. The [[Battle of Yalkox]] almost turned to the Royalists' disfavor but ultimately, while the main Republican column was able to retreat back to Muynal, victory was firmly in the hands of Achikooja and his men.<br />
<br />
==Consequences==<br />
<br />
{{Mutul Topics|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:Civil war]]<br />
[[category:War]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Sajal_war.png&diff=778946File:Sajal war.png2024-03-10T18:15:41Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Sajal_War&diff=778233Sajal War2024-03-08T22:42:39Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox Military Conflict<br />
|conflict = Sajal War<br />
|partof =<br />
| image = Common soldier.jpg<br />
| caption = A common Mutulese soldier during the Sajal War<br />
|date = 1828 - 1839<br />
|place = [[Mutul]]<br />
|result = Royalist Victory<br />
*Capitulation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]<br />
*Reunification of the [[Mutul]]<br />
*Beginning of the Itzamnaaj Reformation<br />
|combatant1 = {{flag|Mutul|Royalists}}<br />
|combatant2 = {{flag|Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale}}<br />
|commander1 = [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] <br> [[Rabanij]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|Yax Kelem Pat]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|K'atun May]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|Winik Pek]]<br />
|commander2 = [[Waxak B'alam Koj]] <br> [[Siol Chan Xiu]] <br> [[Sijal Ek]] <br> [[An Xook B'al]] <br> [[Bolon Chan B'alam]]<br />
|strength1 = 110,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|strength2 = ~200,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|casualties1 = 18,500 killed <br> 55,750 wounded or missing<br />
|casualties2 = 11,375 killed <br> 34,125 wounded or missing<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Sajal War''', also known as the '''War of the Frightfuls''' or '''Terrifying War''', was a civil war that opposed the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] of the [[Mutul]] and their loyalists against the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]. It lasted from 1828 with the Day of the Balconies (the murder of the Divine Lady [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] and the escape of her husband [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] with their son the crown prince [[B'alijaj Chan K'awiil II]]) to 1839 with the Redition of Itzamkan.<br />
<br />
The war happened in a context of political and economic decline of the Mutul which has seen its influence and and credit greatly diminished by lost wars against [[Tsurushima]] and [[Zacapican]]. Lady Ik' Jol rise to the throne came as a palace coup against the court faction that had taken control of the country under her father and brother's reigns. The reforms she promoted were an attempt to undermine the political power accumulated by the nobility over the 18th century but were cut short by her own assassination. It is remembered as the most brutal war in Mutulese history, one that has profoundly shaped the modern Mutul and created a clear historical cleavage between what came before and what came after the war.<br />
<br />
===Origins===<br />
<br />
Since the rule of [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil I]] in the early 18th century, the powers and authority of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] kept being limited by the ever more powerful merchant-aristocracy of the [[Mutul]]. Local and national assemblies became permanent legal institutions whom obtained a de-facto say on the Divine King's politics after much political troubles. The weakening of the [[Mutulese Ochran|Mutul's position in the West]] after the [[Tsurushima|Tsurushimese revolution]] of 1750 only exacerbated a conflict between a weakened monarchy and its nobility whom, inspired by both local and foreign thinkers, especially from [[Sante Reze]] developed a more {{wp|liberalism|liberal}} approach to both the economy and politics.<br />
<br />
In 1819, the [[Second War for Kahei]] started, threatening some of the merchant-aristocracy's positions in Ochran. In 1820, [[Wahlam B'alam V]] died in [[K'umarkaj]] after a decade long semi-exile ordered by the Sajal Holpop, the Nobility's Assembly, who had taken over [[K'alak Muul]]. His young son, [[Wahlam B'alam VI]], was brought back to the capital to be crowned and ruled as a puppet king for the Sajal Holpop. The same year, he died of illness and was succeeded by his elder sister, [[Lady Ik' Jol]]. Ik' Jol tried to restructure the [[Mutul|Divine Throne]] bureaucracy to limit the powers of the assemblies like the Sajal Holpop. In 1828, a conspiracy of Mutuleses aristocrats managed to murder the Divine Queen and her body was pushed from the balcony of [[K'alak Muul|her palace]]. The same day, her husband managed to escape from a similar murder plot and flee the capital with their son, the future [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]]. Legends have Itzamnaaj escape from another balcony of the royal palace. After this "Days of the Balconies", the Sajal Holpop proclaimed the end of the [[Mutul]] and the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
==Combattants==<br />
===Ilok'tab Loyalists===<br />
<br />
After his escape from [[K'alak Muul]], [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]], king-consort of [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] gained [[Yajawil of Kumahkah|Kumahkah]], the traditional base of power of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and enthroned his son as [[B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]] while he himself took the position of Regent. He amassed around him an inner circle of friends, family members, and clients, and built from there his resistance to the Noble Republic.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Loyalists was thus made of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and all associated lineages. {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} and {{wp|Mam people|Mam}} people had remained heavily tied to the Ilok'tab with their "special link" to the Monarchy and the Body of the Divine Lord guaranteeing them a privileged situation they would lose in case of a Monarchists' defeat. Similarly, the Republicans' project was one that would offer no alternative to the people who lived far away from the international economic circuits and was seen as guaranteeing the financial and social collapse of their communities.<br />
<br />
Religious and Monarchists insurections would be a regular issue for the Noble Republic. Most of those revolts would be triggered by military successes from [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] but were otherwise completely independent and unsupported by the Regent' party. They were more often expression of rural and popular uneasiness and dread at the reforms and changes promoted and pushed by the Noble Republic. Their association with the Monarchist movement was thus circumstantial at first but their repression by the Noble Republic and the rewards granted by the Ilok'tab whenever they were able to link up with local movements allowed the latter to build up a real popular base of power that guaranteed the perenity of the dynasty.<br />
<br />
===Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale===<br />
<br />
The Republic's power-base was made of the middle class and the merchant-aristocracy everywhere in the country. It was especially well established in the [[Yajawil of Kanol]] and the West in general, where trans-Makrian trade had led to the emergence of a wealthy "modern" society that had the time to stabilize itself as it had existed for more than 200 years by the time of the Sajal War. A similar but much younger analogue society had emerged in the East after the [[Sante Reze]] revolution of 1701 that opened the trans-Thalassian trade routes to the Mutuleses merchant-nobility. While even more radical in its support of the Noble Republic than the "West", the "East" also proved to be the weak link of the Republicans, as it's relatively recent emergence meant that it was still full of contradictions, paradoxes, and social divides on which the Royalists managed to play to gain the upper-hand.<br />
<br />
==Course of the war==<br />
===Exile and constitution of the Regency===<br />
[[File:Big pillars.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Chilok'tab Palace]] served as the K'uhul Ajaw residence throughout the war.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, as baptized by the Republicans, [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] was able to flee [[K'alak Muul]] with his son, the future [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil II]] and a handful of supporters. On their way they stopped at [[Sakal Witz]] where they were able to gain the support of the [[White Mountain Society|priests of the White Mountain]] which allowed them to continue their journey southward to [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumakah]]. Itzamnaaj established his son in the Palace of [[Chilok'tab]], a suburb of Kumakah and a site with 800 years old ties to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]]. It's there that he proclaimed his son the new [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|Divine Lord]] and placed himself as his regent before granting himself the status of Regent.<br />
<br />
Kumakah, and the rest of the eponymous viceroyalty, proved more than receptive and dedicated to the Royalist cause. Chief among these supporters were the House of Achi, Itzamnaaj' own clan, the religious institutions, temples and sanctuaries, of the region, as well as other leading lineages chief among them the [[House of Koyol]] one of the four great K'iche houses and strong actors of the Mutul industry. The four "House of Iximte", the Zotzil, Xahil, Tukuche, and Akajal, were less immediately agreeable to the Regent' project for a civil war but ultimately sided with him. This convinced the "House of Pokom" (Xin, Palak, Puj, Batz, and Tik) and thus the two viceroyalties immediately to the east of Kumakah tied to them, to also follow the Regent' cause although popular and aristocratic support was weaker at first. To the west, the Yajawil of Mamk'ab would proclaim itself almost immediately in support of the Divine Monarchy: the Mam people had long been ruled directly by the Ilok'tab and they've been an important pool of recruitment for soldiers and clerks.<br />
<br />
But beyond a strong base of support, by seizing Kumakah Itzamanaaj and his partisans also seized control of its Chocolate Mills and its royal prints, granting them the ability to continue to emit their own currency, collect taxes in the Viceroyalties controlled, and emit loans and war bonds. The Regent was thus able to secure the loyalty and the discipline of the Southern Army tasked with controlling the Mountain Passes between the Mutul and [[Sante Reze]], but also the border with [[Zacapican]]. Leaving behind only a token force, the royalists thus acquired a core professional force of around 30,000 men. This they completed by calling to arms the "Faithfuls" and forming "People Blessed Armies": militias partially supervised by officers drawn for the southern military, old veterans (recruited in priority), and other charismatic local leaders. At this stage of the war, the Royalists were able to create the Achi People' Army, the Mam People Army, three K'iche people armies, and two Pokom people armies, which represented an auxiliary force estimated between 70,000 and 300,000 men depending on historians as records and claims often contradict each others and not all commissioned officers, tasked with recruiting their own men, were willing or able to keep track of their own numbers. Nowadays, a number between 90,000 and 110,000 militias is more often used and cited.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation and first campaigns of the Noble Republic===<br />
[[File:Central acropolis.jpg|200px|thumb|The [[Chak Yaxnah Ho’kan]] before its destruction during the war. The royal house had become the Three Estates' meeting place.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, the Assembly of Aristocrats began negotiations with its two counterparts (the Assembly of Clerics and the Assembly of Elders) to set the basis of a new state. They propose that the three Assemblies declare [[Lady Ik' Jol]] to have been an illegitimate ruler who took power through the murder of the rightful Divine Lord her brother [[Wahlam B'alam VI]] and that the ritual to divinize her own blood has never worked as the gods had disapproved her acts. The gathered assemblies were not necessarily opposed to the proposal, but a divide appeared between those who wished to look for a new successor and the radical few who wished to create a new state with no Divine Lord.<br />
<br />
In these days of confusion, control over the putschists faction was assumed by the Viceroy of Chaknal, [[Waxak B'alam Koj]], the Viceroy of [[Yajawil of Oxmal|Oxmal]], [[Siol Chan Xiu]], and the two Admirals (''Ajaw Ha'': Waterlords) of the Mutul: [[Sijal Ek]] and [[An Xook B'al]]. They gathered urgently in the aftermath of the coup and decided that Waxak B'alam Koj would stay in [[K'alak Muul]] to control the situation there while Sijal Ek and An Xook B'al would go to the [[Yu]] and [[Puylum]] respectively to gain the support of the west and east of the Mutul and gather armies there. The task of pursuing Itzamnaaj and the crown prince thus fell on Siol Chan Xiu who led 3,000 men out of the capital to stop the royal escort. However, he failed to do so before Itzamnaaj reached [[Sakal Witz]] which refused to give up the Divine Lord to his pursuers. Siol Chan Xiu did not challenge the city directly, instead returning to Apikal, modern Yajawil of K'ekchi, to gather a larger army while leaving behind roughly a 1,000 men to control the ways out of Sakal Witz. This troop harassed and followed Itzamnaaj and his strengthened escort after they left the city to continue their way south, but was ultimately unable to stop them and had to retreat and regroup with the rest of Siol Chan Xiu' new army.<br />
<br />
===White Mountain Campaign===<br />
Siol Chan Xiu returned to the Central Mountains at the head of a new army. The professional core was made of soldiers who participated in the coup and Marine Riflemen, the naval forces of the Mutul having sided almost entirely with the Republicans. To these estimated 10,000 veterans new recruits were added forming an army of 45,000 or so men separated into five regiments of nine columns each. Each column represented roughly a thousand men and were divided into uneven numbers of companies, each led by a Captain chartered to recruit and lead his own men as per the Mutul' practices at the time and an habit shared with the royalists.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj was still organizing his Regency, gathering his supports, and recruiting new troops and could not directly influence the battle. The defense of Sakal Witz was thus organized mainly by the [[White Mountain Society]], the inhabitants, as well as volunteers from the rest of the Central Mountains, and mainly from the Blood Hills to the northwest of the city, whose religious dedication to the protection of the holy city could not compensate their lack of weaponry and training. After three weeks of battle and siege, the city fell and was sacked by the Republicans. The Central Mountains now secured, Siol Chan Xiu was free to continue his campaign southward.<br />
<br />
===Nojkab'al Campaign===<br />
[[File:VolcanesdeGuatemala00 D.png|200px|thumb|Sleeping volcanoes in the Central Mountains]]<br />
The battle of Sakal Witz was a setback for the Royalists. Itzamnaaj had led a relief force but arrived to the Central Mountains too late: the city had already fallen. Gathering up some of the militias and volunteers that had fled south, he entrenched his men in the main passes between the Central Mountains and the Viceroyalty of Nojkab'al, the last stretch of land before Kumakah and the K'iche lands.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj had brought an estimated 60,000 men with him and was defending the five passes known to be suitable for military forces. The Republicans were thus outnumbered but lack of reliable information and weapons had led the Regent to take a purely defensive position while waiting for further reinforcements. At first, Siol Chan Xiu placed a regiment in front of each passes before discretly gathering almost all of his men to the westernmost pass and launching an assault there, leaving only token forces elsewhere. The 40,000 men stormed the 12,000 badly armed Royalists and took control of the pass. Fearing a potential exploitation of this breach, Itzamnaaj abandoned the passes and deployed his troops deeper in Nojkab'al.<br />
<br />
Not daring to confront the Republicans directly, Itzamnaaj resorted to waging an assymetric warfare to which his men were better prepared. Siol Chan Xiu was able to reach [[Takalik]], the Viceroyalty Capital and Itzamnaaj refuge, but a lack of supply, diseases, and constant harassment by the Royalists pushed him to retreat back to the passes. Itzamnaaj continued to harass the departing Republicans but did not press further before more rifles and ammunitions had reached him. It's only with 10,000 more men and decent artillery support that he tried to take back control of the passes. However, the Republicans had the time to entrench themselves and all the Royalists assaults failed. The Nojkab'al front would remain active in 1829 when Republicans launched a second campaign to take over Nojkab'al but Itzamnaaj' officers had learned their lessons from the previous year and improved on their defense-in-depth. By 1830, it became clear to all that the central theater of the war was frozen.<br />
<br />
===Muwan Mountains Campaigns===<br />
<br />
After his troops' victory at Takalik, Itzamnaaj returned to Kumahkah. He demobilized a number of soldier, his army having proved too large to equip and control correctly with his limited economy and reduced pool of officers. Instead he gave almost full control over the economy to [[Nimaq'ij]], patriarch of the [[House of Koyol]], with the mission to create a war industry capable of supporting the needs of the Royalists. To serve as an intermediary between Itzamnaaj' military and Nimaq'ij industry, the Regent also gave [[Muwan Chih K'in]], a [[White Mountain Society|White Mountain]] official who escaped [[Sakal Witz]] and one of [[Lady Ik' Jol]] confidents before the war, complete control over the military logistics.<br />
<br />
So in 1829, as Itzamnaaj just began to reorganized his faction, he divided his remaining 70,000 men into four armies. Ten thousand were left to defend Nojkab'al with the support of an unknown number of partisans recruited locally. 20,000 were kept in reserve in [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumahkah]]. Itzamnaaj and his brother [[Rabanij]] went eastward to link up with royalists in the [[Yajawil of Nokaj]] and to open a new front. The remaining 20,000 men were placed under the leadership of [[Achi Kooja]], the {{wp|Mam peoples|Mam}} general of the defunct Southern Army, with the objective of occupying the Viceroyalties of [[Muwan Witz (Viceroyalty)|Muwan Witz]] and [[K'ikxul (Viceroyalty)|K'ikxul]]. The objective of this campaign was simple: stretch out the frontline, foster more Royalists partisans, bypass the fortified mountain passes, and flank the Republicans entrenched in the Central Mountains.<br />
<br />
The Viceroy of Muwan Witz was maintained in his position by the Republicans, and his loyalties were troubles. He was able to raise 10,000 troops to oppose Achikooja, but when the Royalists arrived before the gates of his capital city of [[Tz'ulum]], he ended up declaring his support for [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]]. When, later that year, the Republicans launched their second campaign into Nojkab'al, Achikooja will arrest the Viceroy and keep him in house custody, possibly to prevent a new change of mind now that the Royalists were knowing difficulties.<br />
<br />
The Republican response to Achikooja' takeover of the Muwan Mountains was meek at first: the nearby Governor of [[Muynal (Viceroyalty)|Muynal]] to the west decided to pre-emptively strike against populations and groups suspected of royalist-sympathies in his province before acting against Achikooja' army. [[K'alak Muul]] then decided to gather a new army of around 30,000 men to the north, in the province of [[K'ikxul (Viceroyalty)|K'ikxul]] it's there that Achikooja decided to strike next.<br />
<br />
The 20,000 K'iche, Mam, and Achi Royalists soldiers were joined by the thousand of auxilliaries raised by the Viceroy. The {{wp|Qʼanjobʼal language|Kanjob'al}} people had sympathies to the K'uhul Ajaw' cause and many volunteers had gone to [[Sakal Witz]] to participate in the failed defense of the city the previous year. And so did many {{wp|Tojolabal people|Tohol Ab'al}} people of K'ikxul. The Republicans thus ended up having to fight an insurgent war in the Blood Hills while the Royalists were able to organize a network of sympathizers to support and guide their army. Dispersed and outnumbered, the main Republican column nonetheless moved to meet the Royalists by making a daring march through almost impracticable terrains before occupying Usij Witz, the Vulture Mountain, on Achikooja' eastern flank, threatening his supply lines. The two armies faced one another, unwilling to engage, before news forced Achikooja to retreat back to Muwan Witz.<br />
<br />
In 1830, the Governor of Muynal received professional troops from the Noble Republic to add to his own army and he was able to launch a campaign against the Muwan Mountains, aiming to retake Tz'ulum. Achikooja rushed back with 30,000 men to face the Muynaleses who had roughly the same number of troops. This time it's Achikooja who dared to take a risky crossing of the [[Kox river]] to get behind the Muynaleses positions as the latter had continued their march on Tz'ulum almost unchallenged once they had gone through the Royalists lines of defenses. The [[Battle of Yalkox]] almost turned to the Royalists' disfavor but ultimately, while the main Republican column was able to retreat back to Muynal, victory was firmly in the hands of Achikooja and his men.<br />
<br />
==Consequences==<br />
<br />
{{Mutul Topics|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:Civil war]]<br />
[[category:War]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Sajal_War&diff=778231Sajal War2024-03-08T22:35:12Z<p>Devink: /* Muwan Mountains Campaigns */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox Military Conflict<br />
|conflict = Sajal War<br />
|partof =<br />
| image = Common soldier.jpg<br />
| caption = A common Mutulese soldier during the Sajal War<br />
|date = 1828 - 1839<br />
|place = [[Mutul]]<br />
|result = Royalist Victory<br />
*Capitulation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]<br />
*Reunification of the [[Mutul]]<br />
*Beginning of the Itzamnaaj Reformation<br />
|combatant1 = {{flag|Mutul|Royalists}}<br />
|combatant2 = {{flag|Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale}}<br />
|commander1 = [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] <br> [[Rabanij]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|Yax Kelem Pat]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|K'atun May]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|Winik Pek]]<br />
|commander2 = [[Waxak B'alam Koj]] <br> [[Siol Chan Xiu]] <br> [[Sijal Ek]] <br> [[An Xook B'al]] <br> [[Bolon Chan B'alam]]<br />
|strength1 = 110,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|strength2 = ~200,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|casualties1 = 11,250 killed <br> 33,750 wounded or missing<br />
|casualties2 = 5,625 killed <br> 16,875 wounded or missing<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Sajal War''', also known as the '''War of the Frightfuls''' or '''Terrifying War''', was a civil war that opposed the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] of the [[Mutul]] and their loyalists against the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]. It lasted from 1828 with the Day of the Balconies (the murder of the Divine Lady [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] and the escape of her husband [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] with their son the crown prince [[B'alijaj Chan K'awiil II]]) to 1839 with the Redition of Itzamkan.<br />
<br />
The war happened in a context of political and economic decline of the Mutul which has seen its influence and and credit greatly diminished by lost wars against [[Tsurushima]] and [[Zacapican]]. Lady Ik' Jol rise to the throne came as a palace coup against the court faction that had taken control of the country under her father and brother's reigns. The reforms she promoted were an attempt to undermine the political power accumulated by the nobility over the 18th century but were cut short by her own assassination. It is remembered as the most brutal war in Mutulese history, one that has profoundly shaped the modern Mutul and created a clear historical cleavage between what came before and what came after the war.<br />
<br />
===Origins===<br />
<br />
Since the rule of [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil I]] in the early 18th century, the powers and authority of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] kept being limited by the ever more powerful merchant-aristocracy of the [[Mutul]]. Local and national assemblies became permanent legal institutions whom obtained a de-facto say on the Divine King's politics after much political troubles. The weakening of the [[Mutulese Ochran|Mutul's position in the West]] after the [[Tsurushima|Tsurushimese revolution]] of 1750 only exacerbated a conflict between a weakened monarchy and its nobility whom, inspired by both local and foreign thinkers, especially from [[Sante Reze]] developed a more {{wp|liberalism|liberal}} approach to both the economy and politics.<br />
<br />
In 1819, the [[Second War for Kahei]] started, threatening some of the merchant-aristocracy's positions in Ochran. In 1820, [[Wahlam B'alam V]] died in [[K'umarkaj]] after a decade long semi-exile ordered by the Sajal Holpop, the Nobility's Assembly, who had taken over [[K'alak Muul]]. His young son, [[Wahlam B'alam VI]], was brought back to the capital to be crowned and ruled as a puppet king for the Sajal Holpop. The same year, he died of illness and was succeeded by his elder sister, [[Lady Ik' Jol]]. Ik' Jol tried to restructure the [[Mutul|Divine Throne]] bureaucracy to limit the powers of the assemblies like the Sajal Holpop. In 1828, a conspiracy of Mutuleses aristocrats managed to murder the Divine Queen and her body was pushed from the balcony of [[K'alak Muul|her palace]]. The same day, her husband managed to escape from a similar murder plot and flee the capital with their son, the future [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]]. Legends have Itzamnaaj escape from another balcony of the royal palace. After this "Days of the Balconies", the Sajal Holpop proclaimed the end of the [[Mutul]] and the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
==Combattants==<br />
===Ilok'tab Loyalists===<br />
<br />
After his escape from [[K'alak Muul]], [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]], king-consort of [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] gained [[Yajawil of Kumahkah|Kumahkah]], the traditional base of power of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and enthroned his son as [[B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]] while he himself took the position of Regent. He amassed around him an inner circle of friends, family members, and clients, and built from there his resistance to the Noble Republic.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Loyalists was thus made of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and all associated lineages. {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} and {{wp|Mam people|Mam}} people had remained heavily tied to the Ilok'tab with their "special link" to the Monarchy and the Body of the Divine Lord guaranteeing them a privileged situation they would lose in case of a Monarchists' defeat. Similarly, the Republicans' project was one that would offer no alternative to the people who lived far away from the international economic circuits and was seen as guaranteeing the financial and social collapse of their communities.<br />
<br />
Religious and Monarchists insurections would be a regular issue for the Noble Republic. Most of those revolts would be triggered by military successes from [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] but were otherwise completely independent and unsupported by the Regent' party. They were more often expression of rural and popular uneasiness and dread at the reforms and changes promoted and pushed by the Noble Republic. Their association with the Monarchist movement was thus circumstantial at first but their repression by the Noble Republic and the rewards granted by the Ilok'tab whenever they were able to link up with local movements allowed the latter to build up a real popular base of power that guaranteed the perenity of the dynasty.<br />
<br />
===Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale===<br />
<br />
The Republic's power-base was made of the middle class and the merchant-aristocracy everywhere in the country. It was especially well established in the [[Yajawil of Kanol]] and the West in general, where trans-Makrian trade had led to the emergence of a wealthy "modern" society that had the time to stabilize itself as it had existed for more than 200 years by the time of the Sajal War. A similar but much younger analogue society had emerged in the East after the [[Sante Reze]] revolution of 1701 that opened the trans-Thalassian trade routes to the Mutuleses merchant-nobility. While even more radical in its support of the Noble Republic than the "West", the "East" also proved to be the weak link of the Republicans, as it's relatively recent emergence meant that it was still full of contradictions, paradoxes, and social divides on which the Royalists managed to play to gain the upper-hand.<br />
<br />
==Course of the war==<br />
===Exile and constitution of the Regency===<br />
[[File:Big pillars.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Chilok'tab Palace]] served as the K'uhul Ajaw residence throughout the war.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, as baptized by the Republicans, [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] was able to flee [[K'alak Muul]] with his son, the future [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil II]] and a handful of supporters. On their way they stopped at [[Sakal Witz]] where they were able to gain the support of the [[White Mountain Society|priests of the White Mountain]] which allowed them to continue their journey southward to [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumakah]]. Itzamnaaj established his son in the Palace of [[Chilok'tab]], a suburb of Kumakah and a site with 800 years old ties to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]]. It's there that he proclaimed his son the new [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|Divine Lord]] and placed himself as his regent before granting himself the status of Regent.<br />
<br />
Kumakah, and the rest of the eponymous viceroyalty, proved more than receptive and dedicated to the Royalist cause. Chief among these supporters were the House of Achi, Itzamnaaj' own clan, the religious institutions, temples and sanctuaries, of the region, as well as other leading lineages chief among them the [[House of Koyol]] one of the four great K'iche houses and strong actors of the Mutul industry. The four "House of Iximte", the Zotzil, Xahil, Tukuche, and Akajal, were less immediately agreeable to the Regent' project for a civil war but ultimately sided with him. This convinced the "House of Pokom" (Xin, Palak, Puj, Batz, and Tik) and thus the two viceroyalties immediately to the east of Kumakah tied to them, to also follow the Regent' cause although popular and aristocratic support was weaker at first. To the west, the Yajawil of Mamk'ab would proclaim itself almost immediately in support of the Divine Monarchy: the Mam people had long been ruled directly by the Ilok'tab and they've been an important pool of recruitment for soldiers and clerks.<br />
<br />
But beyond a strong base of support, by seizing Kumakah Itzamanaaj and his partisans also seized control of its Chocolate Mills and its royal prints, granting them the ability to continue to emit their own currency, collect taxes in the Viceroyalties controlled, and emit loans and war bonds. The Regent was thus able to secure the loyalty and the discipline of the Southern Army tasked with controlling the Mountain Passes between the Mutul and [[Sante Reze]], but also the border with [[Zacapican]]. Leaving behind only a token force, the royalists thus acquired a core professional force of around 30,000 men. This they completed by calling to arms the "Faithfuls" and forming "People Blessed Armies": militias partially supervised by officers drawn for the southern military, old veterans (recruited in priority), and other charismatic local leaders. At this stage of the war, the Royalists were able to create the Achi People' Army, the Mam People Army, three K'iche people armies, and two Pokom people armies, which represented an auxiliary force estimated between 70,000 and 300,000 men depending on historians as records and claims often contradict each others and not all commissioned officers, tasked with recruiting their own men, were willing or able to keep track of their own numbers. Nowadays, a number between 90,000 and 110,000 militias is more often used and cited.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation and first campaigns of the Noble Republic===<br />
[[File:Central acropolis.jpg|200px|thumb|The [[Chak Yaxnah Ho’kan]] before its destruction during the war. The royal house had become the Three Estates' meeting place.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, the Assembly of Aristocrats began negotiations with its two counterparts (the Assembly of Clerics and the Assembly of Elders) to set the basis of a new state. They propose that the three Assemblies declare [[Lady Ik' Jol]] to have been an illegitimate ruler who took power through the murder of the rightful Divine Lord her brother [[Wahlam B'alam VI]] and that the ritual to divinize her own blood has never worked as the gods had disapproved her acts. The gathered assemblies were not necessarily opposed to the proposal, but a divide appeared between those who wished to look for a new successor and the radical few who wished to create a new state with no Divine Lord.<br />
<br />
In these days of confusion, control over the putschists faction was assumed by the Viceroy of Chaknal, [[Waxak B'alam Koj]], the Viceroy of [[Yajawil of Oxmal|Oxmal]], [[Siol Chan Xiu]], and the two Admirals (''Ajaw Ha'': Waterlords) of the Mutul: [[Sijal Ek]] and [[An Xook B'al]]. They gathered urgently in the aftermath of the coup and decided that Waxak B'alam Koj would stay in [[K'alak Muul]] to control the situation there while Sijal Ek and An Xook B'al would go to the [[Yu]] and [[Puylum]] respectively to gain the support of the west and east of the Mutul and gather armies there. The task of pursuing Itzamnaaj and the crown prince thus fell on Siol Chan Xiu who led 3,000 men out of the capital to stop the royal escort. However, he failed to do so before Itzamnaaj reached [[Sakal Witz]] which refused to give up the Divine Lord to his pursuers. Siol Chan Xiu did not challenge the city directly, instead returning to Apikal, modern Yajawil of K'ekchi, to gather a larger army while leaving behind roughly a 1,000 men to control the ways out of Sakal Witz. This troop harassed and followed Itzamnaaj and his strengthened escort after they left the city to continue their way south, but was ultimately unable to stop them and had to retreat and regroup with the rest of Siol Chan Xiu' new army.<br />
<br />
===White Mountain Campaign===<br />
Siol Chan Xiu returned to the Central Mountains at the head of a new army. The professional core was made of soldiers who participated in the coup and Marine Riflemen, the naval forces of the Mutul having sided almost entirely with the Republicans. To these estimated 10,000 veterans new recruits were added forming an army of 45,000 or so men separated into five regiments of nine columns each. Each column represented roughly a thousand men and were divided into uneven numbers of companies, each led by a Captain chartered to recruit and lead his own men as per the Mutul' practices at the time and an habit shared with the royalists.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj was still organizing his Regency, gathering his supports, and recruiting new troops and could not directly influence the battle. The defense of Sakal Witz was thus organized mainly by the [[White Mountain Society]], the inhabitants, as well as volunteers from the rest of the Central Mountains, and mainly from the Blood Hills to the northwest of the city, whose religious dedication to the protection of the holy city could not compensate their lack of weaponry and training. After three weeks of battle and siege, the city fell and was sacked by the Republicans. The Central Mountains now secured, Siol Chan Xiu was free to continue his campaign southward.<br />
<br />
===Nojkab'al Campaign===<br />
[[File:VolcanesdeGuatemala00 D.png|200px|thumb|Sleeping volcanoes in the Central Mountains]]<br />
The battle of Sakal Witz was a setback for the Royalists. Itzamnaaj had led a relief force but arrived to the Central Mountains too late: the city had already fallen. Gathering up some of the militias and volunteers that had fled south, he entrenched his men in the main passes between the Central Mountains and the Viceroyalty of Nojkab'al, the last stretch of land before Kumakah and the K'iche lands.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj had brought an estimated 60,000 men with him and was defending the five passes known to be suitable for military forces. The Republicans were thus outnumbered but lack of reliable information and weapons had led the Regent to take a purely defensive position while waiting for further reinforcements. At first, Siol Chan Xiu placed a regiment in front of each passes before discretly gathering almost all of his men to the westernmost pass and launching an assault there, leaving only token forces elsewhere. The 40,000 men stormed the 12,000 badly armed Royalists and took control of the pass. Fearing a potential exploitation of this breach, Itzamnaaj abandoned the passes and deployed his troops deeper in Nojkab'al.<br />
<br />
Not daring to confront the Republicans directly, Itzamnaaj resorted to waging an assymetric warfare to which his men were better prepared. Siol Chan Xiu was able to reach [[Takalik]], the Viceroyalty Capital and Itzamnaaj refuge, but a lack of supply, diseases, and constant harassment by the Royalists pushed him to retreat back to the passes. Itzamnaaj continued to harass the departing Republicans but did not press further before more rifles and ammunitions had reached him. It's only with 10,000 more men and decent artillery support that he tried to take back control of the passes. However, the Republicans had the time to entrench themselves and all the Royalists assaults failed. The Nojkab'al front would remain active in 1829 when Republicans launched a second campaign to take over Nojkab'al but Itzamnaaj' officers had learned their lessons from the previous year and improved on their defense-in-depth. By 1830, it became clear to all that the central theater of the war was frozen.<br />
<br />
===Muwan Mountains Campaigns===<br />
<br />
After his troops' victory at Takalik, Itzamnaaj returned to Kumahkah. He demobilized a number of soldier, his army having proved too large to equip and control correctly with his limited economy and reduced pool of officers. Instead he gave almost full control over the economy to [[Nimaq'ij]], patriarch of the [[House of Koyol]], with the mission to create a war industry capable of supporting the needs of the Royalists. To serve as an intermediary between Itzamnaaj' military and Nimaq'ij industry, the Regent also gave [[Muwan Chih K'in]], a [[White Mountain Society|White Mountain]] official who escaped [[Sakal Witz]] and one of [[Lady Ik' Jol]] confidents before the war, complete control over the military logistics.<br />
<br />
So in 1829, as Itzamnaaj just began to reorganized his faction, he divided his remaining 70,000 men into four armies. Ten thousand were left to defend Nojkab'al with the support of an unknown number of partisans recruited locally. 20,000 were kept in reserve in [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumahkah]]. Itzamnaaj and his brother [[Rabanij]] went eastward to link up with royalists in the [[Yajawil of Nokaj]] and to open a new front. The remaining 20,000 men were placed under the leadership of [[Achi Kooja]], the {{wp|Mam peoples|Mam}} general of the defunct Southern Army, with the objective of occupying the Viceroyalties of [[Muwan Witz (Viceroyalty)|Muwan Witz]] and [[K'ikxul (Viceroyalty)|K'ikxul]]. The objective of this campaign was simple: stretch out the frontline, foster more Royalists partisans, bypass the fortified mountain passes, and flank the Republicans entrenched in the Central Mountains.<br />
<br />
The Viceroy of Muwan Witz was maintained in his position by the Republicans, and his loyalties were troubles. He was able to raise 10,000 troops to oppose Achikooja, but when the Royalists arrived before the gates of his capital city of [[Tz'ulum]], he ended up declaring his support for [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]]. When, later that year, the Republicans launched their second campaign into Nojkab'al, Achikooja will arrest the Viceroy and keep him in house custody, possibly to prevent a new change of mind now that the Royalists were knowing difficulties.<br />
<br />
The Republican response to Achikooja' takeover of the Muwan Mountains was meek at first: the nearby Governor of [[Muynal (Viceroyalty)|Muynal]] to the west decided to pre-emptively strike against populations and groups suspected of royalist-sympathies in his province before acting against Achikooja' army. [[K'alak Muul]] then decided to gather a new army of around 30,000 men to the north, in the province of [[K'ikxul (Viceroyalty)|K'ikxul]] it's there that Achikooja decided to strike next.<br />
<br />
The 20,000 K'iche, Mam, and Achi Royalists soldiers were joined by the thousand of auxilliaries raised by the Viceroy. The {{wp|Qʼanjobʼal language|Kanjob'al}} people had sympathies to the K'uhul Ajaw' cause and many volunteers had gone to [[Sakal Witz]] to participate in the failed defense of the city the previous year. And so did many {{wp|Tojolabal people|Tohol Ab'al}} people of K'ikxul. The Republicans thus ended up having to fight an insurgent war in the Blood Hills while the Royalists were able to organize a network of sympathizers to support and guide their army. Dispersed and outnumbered, the main Republican column nonetheless moved to meet the Royalists by making a daring march through almost impracticable terrains before occupying Usij Witz, the Vulture Mountain, on Achikooja' eastern flank, threatening his supply lines. The two armies faced one another, unwilling to engage, before news forced Achikooja to retreat back to Muwan Witz.<br />
<br />
In 1830, the Governor of Muynal received professional troops from the Noble Republic to add to his own army and he was able to launch a campaign against the Muwan Mountains, aiming to retake Tz'ulum. Achikooja rushed back with 30,000 men to face the Muynaleses who had roughly the same number of troops. This time it's Achikooja who dared to take a risky crossing of the [[Kox river]] to get behind the Muynaleses positions as the latter had continued their march on Tz'ulum almost unchallenged once they had gone through the Royalists lines of defenses. The [[Battle of Yalkox]] almost turned to the Royalists' disfavor but ultimately, while the main Republican column was able to retreat back to Muynal, victory was firmly in the hands of Achikooja and his men.<br />
<br />
==Consequences==<br />
<br />
{{Mutul Topics|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:Civil war]]<br />
[[category:War]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Sajal_War&diff=778099Sajal War2024-03-08T13:59:37Z<p>Devink: /* Muwan Mountains and Blood Hills Campaigns */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox Military Conflict<br />
|conflict = Sajal War<br />
|partof =<br />
| image = Common soldier.jpg<br />
| caption = A common Mutulese soldier during the Sajal War<br />
|date = 1828 - 1839<br />
|place = [[Mutul]]<br />
|result = Royalist Victory<br />
*Capitulation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]<br />
*Reunification of the [[Mutul]]<br />
*Beginning of the Itzamnaaj Reformation<br />
|combatant1 = {{flag|Mutul|Royalists}}<br />
|combatant2 = {{flag|Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale}}<br />
|commander1 = [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] <br> [[Rabanij]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|Yax Kelem Pat]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|K'atun May]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|Winik Pek]]<br />
|commander2 = [[Waxak B'alam Koj]] <br> [[Siol Chan Xiu]] <br> [[Sijal Ek]] <br> [[An Xook B'al]] <br> [[Bolon Chan B'alam]]<br />
|strength1 = 110,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|strength2 = ~200,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|casualties1 = 11,250 killed <br> 33,750 wounded or missing<br />
|casualties2 = 5,625 killed <br> 16,875 wounded or missing<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Sajal War''', also known as the '''War of the Frightfuls''' or '''Terrifying War''', was a civil war that opposed the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] of the [[Mutul]] and their loyalists against the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]. It lasted from 1828 with the Day of the Balconies (the murder of the Divine Lady [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] and the escape of her husband [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] with their son the crown prince [[B'alijaj Chan K'awiil II]]) to 1839 with the Redition of Itzamkan.<br />
<br />
The war happened in a context of political and economic decline of the Mutul which has seen its influence and and credit greatly diminished by lost wars against [[Tsurushima]] and [[Zacapican]]. Lady Ik' Jol rise to the throne came as a palace coup against the court faction that had taken control of the country under her father and brother's reigns. The reforms she promoted were an attempt to undermine the political power accumulated by the nobility over the 18th century but were cut short by her own assassination. It is remembered as the most brutal war in Mutulese history, one that has profoundly shaped the modern Mutul and created a clear historical cleavage between what came before and what came after the war.<br />
<br />
===Origins===<br />
<br />
Since the rule of [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil I]] in the early 18th century, the powers and authority of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] kept being limited by the ever more powerful merchant-aristocracy of the [[Mutul]]. Local and national assemblies became permanent legal institutions whom obtained a de-facto say on the Divine King's politics after much political troubles. The weakening of the [[Mutulese Ochran|Mutul's position in the West]] after the [[Tsurushima|Tsurushimese revolution]] of 1750 only exacerbated a conflict between a weakened monarchy and its nobility whom, inspired by both local and foreign thinkers, especially from [[Sante Reze]] developed a more {{wp|liberalism|liberal}} approach to both the economy and politics.<br />
<br />
In 1819, the [[Second War for Kahei]] started, threatening some of the merchant-aristocracy's positions in Ochran. In 1820, [[Wahlam B'alam V]] died in [[K'umarkaj]] after a decade long semi-exile ordered by the Sajal Holpop, the Nobility's Assembly, who had taken over [[K'alak Muul]]. His young son, [[Wahlam B'alam VI]], was brought back to the capital to be crowned and ruled as a puppet king for the Sajal Holpop. The same year, he died of illness and was succeeded by his elder sister, [[Lady Ik' Jol]]. Ik' Jol tried to restructure the [[Mutul|Divine Throne]] bureaucracy to limit the powers of the assemblies like the Sajal Holpop. In 1828, a conspiracy of Mutuleses aristocrats managed to murder the Divine Queen and her body was pushed from the balcony of [[K'alak Muul|her palace]]. The same day, her husband managed to escape from a similar murder plot and flee the capital with their son, the future [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]]. Legends have Itzamnaaj escape from another balcony of the royal palace. After this "Days of the Balconies", the Sajal Holpop proclaimed the end of the [[Mutul]] and the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
==Combattants==<br />
===Ilok'tab Loyalists===<br />
<br />
After his escape from [[K'alak Muul]], [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]], king-consort of [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] gained [[Yajawil of Kumahkah|Kumahkah]], the traditional base of power of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and enthroned his son as [[B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]] while he himself took the position of Regent. He amassed around him an inner circle of friends, family members, and clients, and built from there his resistance to the Noble Republic.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Loyalists was thus made of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and all associated lineages. {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} and {{wp|Mam people|Mam}} people had remained heavily tied to the Ilok'tab with their "special link" to the Monarchy and the Body of the Divine Lord guaranteeing them a privileged situation they would lose in case of a Monarchists' defeat. Similarly, the Republicans' project was one that would offer no alternative to the people who lived far away from the international economic circuits and was seen as guaranteeing the financial and social collapse of their communities.<br />
<br />
Religious and Monarchists insurections would be a regular issue for the Noble Republic. Most of those revolts would be triggered by military successes from [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] but were otherwise completely independent and unsupported by the Regent' party. They were more often expression of rural and popular uneasiness and dread at the reforms and changes promoted and pushed by the Noble Republic. Their association with the Monarchist movement was thus circumstantial at first but their repression by the Noble Republic and the rewards granted by the Ilok'tab whenever they were able to link up with local movements allowed the latter to build up a real popular base of power that guaranteed the perenity of the dynasty.<br />
<br />
===Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale===<br />
<br />
The Republic's power-base was made of the middle class and the merchant-aristocracy everywhere in the country. It was especially well established in the [[Yajawil of Kanol]] and the West in general, where trans-Makrian trade had led to the emergence of a wealthy "modern" society that had the time to stabilize itself as it had existed for more than 200 years by the time of the Sajal War. A similar but much younger analogue society had emerged in the East after the [[Sante Reze]] revolution of 1701 that opened the trans-Thalassian trade routes to the Mutuleses merchant-nobility. While even more radical in its support of the Noble Republic than the "West", the "East" also proved to be the weak link of the Republicans, as it's relatively recent emergence meant that it was still full of contradictions, paradoxes, and social divides on which the Royalists managed to play to gain the upper-hand.<br />
<br />
==Course of the war==<br />
===Exile and constitution of the Regency===<br />
[[File:Big pillars.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Chilok'tab Palace]] served as the K'uhul Ajaw residence throughout the war.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, as baptized by the Republicans, [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] was able to flee [[K'alak Muul]] with his son, the future [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil II]] and a handful of supporters. On their way they stopped at [[Sakal Witz]] where they were able to gain the support of the [[White Mountain Society|priests of the White Mountain]] which allowed them to continue their journey southward to [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumakah]]. Itzamnaaj established his son in the Palace of [[Chilok'tab]], a suburb of Kumakah and a site with 800 years old ties to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]]. It's there that he proclaimed his son the new [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|Divine Lord]] and placed himself as his regent before granting himself the status of Regent.<br />
<br />
Kumakah, and the rest of the eponymous viceroyalty, proved more than receptive and dedicated to the Royalist cause. Chief among these supporters were the House of Achi, Itzamnaaj' own clan, the religious institutions, temples and sanctuaries, of the region, as well as other leading lineages chief among them the [[House of Koyol]] one of the four great K'iche houses and strong actors of the Mutul industry. The four "House of Iximte", the Zotzil, Xahil, Tukuche, and Akajal, were less immediately agreeable to the Regent' project for a civil war but ultimately sided with him. This convinced the "House of Pokom" (Xin, Palak, Puj, Batz, and Tik) and thus the two viceroyalties immediately to the east of Kumakah tied to them, to also follow the Regent' cause although popular and aristocratic support was weaker at first. To the west, the Yajawil of Mamk'ab would proclaim itself almost immediately in support of the Divine Monarchy: the Mam people had long been ruled directly by the Ilok'tab and they've been an important pool of recruitment for soldiers and clerks.<br />
<br />
But beyond a strong base of support, by seizing Kumakah Itzamanaaj and his partisans also seized control of its Chocolate Mills and its royal prints, granting them the ability to continue to emit their own currency, collect taxes in the Viceroyalties controlled, and emit loans and war bonds. The Regent was thus able to secure the loyalty and the discipline of the Southern Army tasked with controlling the Mountain Passes between the Mutul and [[Sante Reze]], but also the border with [[Zacapican]]. Leaving behind only a token force, the royalists thus acquired a core professional force of around 30,000 men. This they completed by calling to arms the "Faithfuls" and forming "People Blessed Armies": militias partially supervised by officers drawn for the southern military, old veterans (recruited in priority), and other charismatic local leaders. At this stage of the war, the Royalists were able to create the Achi People' Army, the Mam People Army, three K'iche people armies, and two Pokom people armies, which represented an auxiliary force estimated between 70,000 and 300,000 men depending on historians as records and claims often contradict each others and not all commissioned officers, tasked with recruiting their own men, were willing or able to keep track of their own numbers. Nowadays, a number between 90,000 and 110,000 militias is more often used and cited.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation and first campaigns of the Noble Republic===<br />
[[File:Central acropolis.jpg|200px|thumb|The [[Chak Yaxnah Ho’kan]] before its destruction during the war. The royal house had become the Three Estates' meeting place.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, the Assembly of Aristocrats began negotiations with its two counterparts (the Assembly of Clerics and the Assembly of Elders) to set the basis of a new state. They propose that the three Assemblies declare [[Lady Ik' Jol]] to have been an illegitimate ruler who took power through the murder of the rightful Divine Lord her brother [[Wahlam B'alam VI]] and that the ritual to divinize her own blood has never worked as the gods had disapproved her acts. The gathered assemblies were not necessarily opposed to the proposal, but a divide appeared between those who wished to look for a new successor and the radical few who wished to create a new state with no Divine Lord.<br />
<br />
In these days of confusion, control over the putschists faction was assumed by the Viceroy of Chaknal, [[Waxak B'alam Koj]], the Viceroy of [[Yajawil of Oxmal|Oxmal]], [[Siol Chan Xiu]], and the two Admirals (''Ajaw Ha'': Waterlords) of the Mutul: [[Sijal Ek]] and [[An Xook B'al]]. They gathered urgently in the aftermath of the coup and decided that Waxak B'alam Koj would stay in [[K'alak Muul]] to control the situation there while Sijal Ek and An Xook B'al would go to the [[Yu]] and [[Puylum]] respectively to gain the support of the west and east of the Mutul and gather armies there. The task of pursuing Itzamnaaj and the crown prince thus fell on Siol Chan Xiu who led 3,000 men out of the capital to stop the royal escort. However, he failed to do so before Itzamnaaj reached [[Sakal Witz]] which refused to give up the Divine Lord to his pursuers. Siol Chan Xiu did not challenge the city directly, instead returning to Apikal, modern Yajawil of K'ekchi, to gather a larger army while leaving behind roughly a 1,000 men to control the ways out of Sakal Witz. This troop harassed and followed Itzamnaaj and his strengthened escort after they left the city to continue their way south, but was ultimately unable to stop them and had to retreat and regroup with the rest of Siol Chan Xiu' new army.<br />
<br />
===White Mountain Campaign===<br />
Siol Chan Xiu returned to the Central Mountains at the head of a new army. The professional core was made of soldiers who participated in the coup and Marine Riflemen, the naval forces of the Mutul having sided almost entirely with the Republicans. To these estimated 10,000 veterans new recruits were added forming an army of 45,000 or so men separated into five regiments of nine columns each. Each column represented roughly a thousand men and were divided into uneven numbers of companies, each led by a Captain chartered to recruit and lead his own men as per the Mutul' practices at the time and an habit shared with the royalists.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj was still organizing his Regency, gathering his supports, and recruiting new troops and could not directly influence the battle. The defense of Sakal Witz was thus organized mainly by the [[White Mountain Society]], the inhabitants, as well as volunteers from the rest of the Central Mountains, and mainly from the Blood Hills to the northwest of the city, whose religious dedication to the protection of the holy city could not compensate their lack of weaponry and training. After three weeks of battle and siege, the city fell and was sacked by the Republicans. The Central Mountains now secured, Siol Chan Xiu was free to continue his campaign southward.<br />
<br />
===Nojkab'al Campaign===<br />
[[File:VolcanesdeGuatemala00 D.png|200px|thumb|Sleeping volcanoes in the Central Mountains]]<br />
The battle of Sakal Witz was a setback for the Royalists. Itzamnaaj had led a relief force but arrived to the Central Mountains too late: the city had already fallen. Gathering up some of the militias and volunteers that had fled south, he entrenched his men in the main passes between the Central Mountains and the Viceroyalty of Nojkab'al, the last stretch of land before Kumakah and the K'iche lands.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj had brought an estimated 60,000 men with him and was defending the five passes known to be suitable for military forces. The Republicans were thus outnumbered but lack of reliable information and weapons had led the Regent to take a purely defensive position while waiting for further reinforcements. At first, Siol Chan Xiu placed a regiment in front of each passes before discretly gathering almost all of his men to the westernmost pass and launching an assault there, leaving only token forces elsewhere. The 40,000 men stormed the 12,000 badly armed Royalists and took control of the pass. Fearing a potential exploitation of this breach, Itzamnaaj abandoned the passes and deployed his troops deeper in Nojkab'al.<br />
<br />
Not daring to confront the Republicans directly, Itzamnaaj resorted to waging an assymetric warfare to which his men were better prepared. Siol Chan Xiu was able to reach [[Takalik]], the Viceroyalty Capital and Itzamnaaj refuge, but a lack of supply, diseases, and constant harassment by the Royalists pushed him to retreat back to the passes. Itzamnaaj continued to harass the departing Republicans but did not press further before more rifles and ammunitions had reached him. It's only with 10,000 more men and decent artillery support that he tried to take back control of the passes. However, the Republicans had the time to entrench themselves and all the Royalists assaults failed. The Nojkab'al front would remain active in 1829 when Republicans launched a second campaign to take over Nojkab'al but Itzamnaaj' officers had learned their lessons from the previous year and improved on their defense-in-depth. By 1830, it became clear to all that the central theater of the war was frozen.<br />
<br />
===Muwan Mountains Campaigns===<br />
<br />
After his troops' victory at Takalik, Itzamnaaj returned to Kumahkah. He demobilized a number of soldier, his army having proved too large to equip and control correctly with his limited economy and reduced pool of officers. Instead he gave almost full control over the economy to [[Nimaq'ij]], patriarch of the [[House of Koyol]], with the mission to create a war industry capable of supporting the needs of the Royalists. To serve as an intermediary between Itzamnaaj' military and Nimaq'ij industry, the Regent also gave [[Muwan Chih K'in]], a [[White Mountain Society|White Mountain]] official who escaped [[Sakal Witz]] and one of [[Lady Ik' Jol]] confidents before the war, complete control over the military logistics.<br />
<br />
So in 1829, as Itzamnaaj just began to reorganized his faction, he divided his remaining 70,000 men into four armies. Ten thousand were left to defend Nojkab'al with the support of an unknown number of partisans recruited locally. 20,000 were kept in reserve in [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumahkah]]. Itzamnaaj and his brother [[Rabanij]] went eastward to link up with royalists in the [[Yajawil of Nokaj]] and to open a new front. The remaining 20,000 men were placed under the leadership of [[Achi Kooja]], the {{wp|Mam peoples|Mam}} general of the defunct Southern Army, with the objective of occupying the Viceroyalties of [[Muwan Witz (Viceroyalty)|Muwan Witz]] and [[K'ikxul (Viceroyalty)|K'ikxul]]. The objective of this campaign was simple: stretch out the frontline, foster more Royalists partisans, bypass the fortified mountain passes, and flank the Republicans in the Central Mountains.<br />
<br />
==Consequences==<br />
<br />
{{Mutul Topics|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:Civil war]]<br />
[[category:War]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Sajal_War&diff=778091Sajal War2024-03-08T12:53:16Z<p>Devink: /* Muwan Mountains and Blood Hills Campaigns */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox Military Conflict<br />
|conflict = Sajal War<br />
|partof =<br />
| image = Common soldier.jpg<br />
| caption = A common Mutulese soldier during the Sajal War<br />
|date = 1828 - 1839<br />
|place = [[Mutul]]<br />
|result = Royalist Victory<br />
*Capitulation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]<br />
*Reunification of the [[Mutul]]<br />
*Beginning of the Itzamnaaj Reformation<br />
|combatant1 = {{flag|Mutul|Royalists}}<br />
|combatant2 = {{flag|Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale}}<br />
|commander1 = [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] <br> [[Rabanij]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|Yax Kelem Pat]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|K'atun May]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|Winik Pek]]<br />
|commander2 = [[Waxak B'alam Koj]] <br> [[Siol Chan Xiu]] <br> [[Sijal Ek]] <br> [[An Xook B'al]] <br> [[Bolon Chan B'alam]]<br />
|strength1 = 110,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|strength2 = ~200,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|casualties1 = 11,250 killed <br> 33,750 wounded or missing<br />
|casualties2 = 5,625 killed <br> 16,875 wounded or missing<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Sajal War''', also known as the '''War of the Frightfuls''' or '''Terrifying War''', was a civil war that opposed the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] of the [[Mutul]] and their loyalists against the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]. It lasted from 1828 with the Day of the Balconies (the murder of the Divine Lady [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] and the escape of her husband [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] with their son the crown prince [[B'alijaj Chan K'awiil II]]) to 1839 with the Redition of Itzamkan.<br />
<br />
The war happened in a context of political and economic decline of the Mutul which has seen its influence and and credit greatly diminished by lost wars against [[Tsurushima]] and [[Zacapican]]. Lady Ik' Jol rise to the throne came as a palace coup against the court faction that had taken control of the country under her father and brother's reigns. The reforms she promoted were an attempt to undermine the political power accumulated by the nobility over the 18th century but were cut short by her own assassination. It is remembered as the most brutal war in Mutulese history, one that has profoundly shaped the modern Mutul and created a clear historical cleavage between what came before and what came after the war.<br />
<br />
===Origins===<br />
<br />
Since the rule of [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil I]] in the early 18th century, the powers and authority of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] kept being limited by the ever more powerful merchant-aristocracy of the [[Mutul]]. Local and national assemblies became permanent legal institutions whom obtained a de-facto say on the Divine King's politics after much political troubles. The weakening of the [[Mutulese Ochran|Mutul's position in the West]] after the [[Tsurushima|Tsurushimese revolution]] of 1750 only exacerbated a conflict between a weakened monarchy and its nobility whom, inspired by both local and foreign thinkers, especially from [[Sante Reze]] developed a more {{wp|liberalism|liberal}} approach to both the economy and politics.<br />
<br />
In 1819, the [[Second War for Kahei]] started, threatening some of the merchant-aristocracy's positions in Ochran. In 1820, [[Wahlam B'alam V]] died in [[K'umarkaj]] after a decade long semi-exile ordered by the Sajal Holpop, the Nobility's Assembly, who had taken over [[K'alak Muul]]. His young son, [[Wahlam B'alam VI]], was brought back to the capital to be crowned and ruled as a puppet king for the Sajal Holpop. The same year, he died of illness and was succeeded by his elder sister, [[Lady Ik' Jol]]. Ik' Jol tried to restructure the [[Mutul|Divine Throne]] bureaucracy to limit the powers of the assemblies like the Sajal Holpop. In 1828, a conspiracy of Mutuleses aristocrats managed to murder the Divine Queen and her body was pushed from the balcony of [[K'alak Muul|her palace]]. The same day, her husband managed to escape from a similar murder plot and flee the capital with their son, the future [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]]. Legends have Itzamnaaj escape from another balcony of the royal palace. After this "Days of the Balconies", the Sajal Holpop proclaimed the end of the [[Mutul]] and the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
==Combattants==<br />
===Ilok'tab Loyalists===<br />
<br />
After his escape from [[K'alak Muul]], [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]], king-consort of [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] gained [[Yajawil of Kumahkah|Kumahkah]], the traditional base of power of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and enthroned his son as [[B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]] while he himself took the position of Regent. He amassed around him an inner circle of friends, family members, and clients, and built from there his resistance to the Noble Republic.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Loyalists was thus made of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and all associated lineages. {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} and {{wp|Mam people|Mam}} people had remained heavily tied to the Ilok'tab with their "special link" to the Monarchy and the Body of the Divine Lord guaranteeing them a privileged situation they would lose in case of a Monarchists' defeat. Similarly, the Republicans' project was one that would offer no alternative to the people who lived far away from the international economic circuits and was seen as guaranteeing the financial and social collapse of their communities.<br />
<br />
Religious and Monarchists insurections would be a regular issue for the Noble Republic. Most of those revolts would be triggered by military successes from [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] but were otherwise completely independent and unsupported by the Regent' party. They were more often expression of rural and popular uneasiness and dread at the reforms and changes promoted and pushed by the Noble Republic. Their association with the Monarchist movement was thus circumstantial at first but their repression by the Noble Republic and the rewards granted by the Ilok'tab whenever they were able to link up with local movements allowed the latter to build up a real popular base of power that guaranteed the perenity of the dynasty.<br />
<br />
===Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale===<br />
<br />
The Republic's power-base was made of the middle class and the merchant-aristocracy everywhere in the country. It was especially well established in the [[Yajawil of Kanol]] and the West in general, where trans-Makrian trade had led to the emergence of a wealthy "modern" society that had the time to stabilize itself as it had existed for more than 200 years by the time of the Sajal War. A similar but much younger analogue society had emerged in the East after the [[Sante Reze]] revolution of 1701 that opened the trans-Thalassian trade routes to the Mutuleses merchant-nobility. While even more radical in its support of the Noble Republic than the "West", the "East" also proved to be the weak link of the Republicans, as it's relatively recent emergence meant that it was still full of contradictions, paradoxes, and social divides on which the Royalists managed to play to gain the upper-hand.<br />
<br />
==Course of the war==<br />
===Exile and constitution of the Regency===<br />
[[File:Big pillars.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Chilok'tab Palace]] served as the K'uhul Ajaw residence throughout the war.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, as baptized by the Republicans, [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] was able to flee [[K'alak Muul]] with his son, the future [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil II]] and a handful of supporters. On their way they stopped at [[Sakal Witz]] where they were able to gain the support of the [[White Mountain Society|priests of the White Mountain]] which allowed them to continue their journey southward to [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumakah]]. Itzamnaaj established his son in the Palace of [[Chilok'tab]], a suburb of Kumakah and a site with 800 years old ties to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]]. It's there that he proclaimed his son the new [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|Divine Lord]] and placed himself as his regent before granting himself the status of Regent.<br />
<br />
Kumakah, and the rest of the eponymous viceroyalty, proved more than receptive and dedicated to the Royalist cause. Chief among these supporters were the House of Achi, Itzamnaaj' own clan, the religious institutions, temples and sanctuaries, of the region, as well as other leading lineages chief among them the [[House of Koyol]] one of the four great K'iche houses and strong actors of the Mutul industry. The four "House of Iximte", the Zotzil, Xahil, Tukuche, and Akajal, were less immediately agreeable to the Regent' project for a civil war but ultimately sided with him. This convinced the "House of Pokom" (Xin, Palak, Puj, Batz, and Tik) and thus the two viceroyalties immediately to the east of Kumakah tied to them, to also follow the Regent' cause although popular and aristocratic support was weaker at first. To the west, the Yajawil of Mamk'ab would proclaim itself almost immediately in support of the Divine Monarchy: the Mam people had long been ruled directly by the Ilok'tab and they've been an important pool of recruitment for soldiers and clerks.<br />
<br />
But beyond a strong base of support, by seizing Kumakah Itzamanaaj and his partisans also seized control of its Chocolate Mills and its royal prints, granting them the ability to continue to emit their own currency, collect taxes in the Viceroyalties controlled, and emit loans and war bonds. The Regent was thus able to secure the loyalty and the discipline of the Southern Army tasked with controlling the Mountain Passes between the Mutul and [[Sante Reze]], but also the border with [[Zacapican]]. Leaving behind only a token force, the royalists thus acquired a core professional force of around 30,000 men. This they completed by calling to arms the "Faithfuls" and forming "People Blessed Armies": militias partially supervised by officers drawn for the southern military, old veterans (recruited in priority), and other charismatic local leaders. At this stage of the war, the Royalists were able to create the Achi People' Army, the Mam People Army, three K'iche people armies, and two Pokom people armies, which represented an auxiliary force estimated between 70,000 and 300,000 men depending on historians as records and claims often contradict each others and not all commissioned officers, tasked with recruiting their own men, were willing or able to keep track of their own numbers. Nowadays, a number between 90,000 and 110,000 militias is more often used and cited.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation and first campaigns of the Noble Republic===<br />
[[File:Central acropolis.jpg|200px|thumb|The [[Chak Yaxnah Ho’kan]] before its destruction during the war. The royal house had become the Three Estates' meeting place.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, the Assembly of Aristocrats began negotiations with its two counterparts (the Assembly of Clerics and the Assembly of Elders) to set the basis of a new state. They propose that the three Assemblies declare [[Lady Ik' Jol]] to have been an illegitimate ruler who took power through the murder of the rightful Divine Lord her brother [[Wahlam B'alam VI]] and that the ritual to divinize her own blood has never worked as the gods had disapproved her acts. The gathered assemblies were not necessarily opposed to the proposal, but a divide appeared between those who wished to look for a new successor and the radical few who wished to create a new state with no Divine Lord.<br />
<br />
In these days of confusion, control over the putschists faction was assumed by the Viceroy of Chaknal, [[Waxak B'alam Koj]], the Viceroy of [[Yajawil of Oxmal|Oxmal]], [[Siol Chan Xiu]], and the two Admirals (''Ajaw Ha'': Waterlords) of the Mutul: [[Sijal Ek]] and [[An Xook B'al]]. They gathered urgently in the aftermath of the coup and decided that Waxak B'alam Koj would stay in [[K'alak Muul]] to control the situation there while Sijal Ek and An Xook B'al would go to the [[Yu]] and [[Puylum]] respectively to gain the support of the west and east of the Mutul and gather armies there. The task of pursuing Itzamnaaj and the crown prince thus fell on Siol Chan Xiu who led 3,000 men out of the capital to stop the royal escort. However, he failed to do so before Itzamnaaj reached [[Sakal Witz]] which refused to give up the Divine Lord to his pursuers. Siol Chan Xiu did not challenge the city directly, instead returning to Apikal, modern Yajawil of K'ekchi, to gather a larger army while leaving behind roughly a 1,000 men to control the ways out of Sakal Witz. This troop harassed and followed Itzamnaaj and his strengthened escort after they left the city to continue their way south, but was ultimately unable to stop them and had to retreat and regroup with the rest of Siol Chan Xiu' new army.<br />
<br />
===White Mountain Campaign===<br />
Siol Chan Xiu returned to the Central Mountains at the head of a new army. The professional core was made of soldiers who participated in the coup and Marine Riflemen, the naval forces of the Mutul having sided almost entirely with the Republicans. To these estimated 10,000 veterans new recruits were added forming an army of 45,000 or so men separated into five regiments of nine columns each. Each column represented roughly a thousand men and were divided into uneven numbers of companies, each led by a Captain chartered to recruit and lead his own men as per the Mutul' practices at the time and an habit shared with the royalists.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj was still organizing his Regency, gathering his supports, and recruiting new troops and could not directly influence the battle. The defense of Sakal Witz was thus organized mainly by the [[White Mountain Society]], the inhabitants, as well as volunteers from the rest of the Central Mountains, and mainly from the Blood Hills to the northwest of the city, whose religious dedication to the protection of the holy city could not compensate their lack of weaponry and training. After three weeks of battle and siege, the city fell and was sacked by the Republicans. The Central Mountains now secured, Siol Chan Xiu was free to continue his campaign southward.<br />
<br />
===Nojkab'al Campaign===<br />
[[File:VolcanesdeGuatemala00 D.png|200px|thumb|Sleeping volcanoes in the Central Mountains]]<br />
The battle of Sakal Witz was a setback for the Royalists. Itzamnaaj had led a relief force but arrived to the Central Mountains too late: the city had already fallen. Gathering up some of the militias and volunteers that had fled south, he entrenched his men in the main passes between the Central Mountains and the Viceroyalty of Nojkab'al, the last stretch of land before Kumakah and the K'iche lands.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj had brought an estimated 60,000 men with him and was defending the five passes known to be suitable for military forces. The Republicans were thus outnumbered but lack of reliable information and weapons had led the Regent to take a purely defensive position while waiting for further reinforcements. At first, Siol Chan Xiu placed a regiment in front of each passes before discretly gathering almost all of his men to the westernmost pass and launching an assault there, leaving only token forces elsewhere. The 40,000 men stormed the 12,000 badly armed Royalists and took control of the pass. Fearing a potential exploitation of this breach, Itzamnaaj abandoned the passes and deployed his troops deeper in Nojkab'al.<br />
<br />
Not daring to confront the Republicans directly, Itzamnaaj resorted to waging an assymetric warfare to which his men were better prepared. Siol Chan Xiu was able to reach [[Takalik]], the Viceroyalty Capital and Itzamnaaj refuge, but a lack of supply, diseases, and constant harassment by the Royalists pushed him to retreat back to the passes. Itzamnaaj continued to harass the departing Republicans but did not press further before more rifles and ammunitions had reached him. It's only with 10,000 more men and decent artillery support that he tried to take back control of the passes. However, the Republicans had the time to entrench themselves and all the Royalists assaults failed. The Nojkab'al front would remain active in 1829 when Republicans launched a second campaign to take over Nojkab'al but Itzamnaaj' officers had learned their lessons from the previous year and improved on their defense-in-depth. By 1830, it became clear to all that the central theater of the war was frozen.<br />
<br />
===Muwan Mountains and Blood Hills Campaigns===<br />
<br />
After his troops' victory at Takalik, Itzamnaaj returned to Kumahkah. He demobilized a number of soldier, his army having proved too large to equip and control correctly with his limited economy and reduced pool of officers. Instead he gave almost full control over the economy to [[Nimaq'ij]], patriarch of the [[House of Koyol]], with the mission to create a war industry capable of supporting the needs of the Royalists. To serve as an intermediary between Itzamnaaj' military and Nimaq'ij industry, the Regent also gave [[Muwan Chih K'in]], a [[White Mountain Society|White Mountain]] official who escaped [[Sakal Witz]] and one of [[Lady Ik' Jol]] confidents before the war, complete control over the military logistics.<br />
<br />
So in 1829, as Itzamnaaj just began to reorganized his faction, he divided his remaining 70,000 men into four armies. Ten thousand were left to defend Nojkab'al with the support of an unknown number of partisans recruited locally. 20,000 were kept in reserve in [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumahkah]]. Itzamnaaj and his brother [[Rabanij]] went eastward to link up with royalists in the [[Yajawil of Nokaj]] and to open a new front. The remaining 20,000 men were placed under the leadership of [[Achi Kooja]], the {{wp|Mam peoples|Mam}} general of the defunct Southern Army, with the objective of occupying the Viceroyalties of [[Muwan Witz (Viceroyalty)|Muwan Witz]] and [[K'ikxul (Viceroyalty)|K'ikxul]]. The objective of this campaign was simple: stretch out the frontline, foster more Royalists partisans, bypass the fortified mountain passes, and flank the Republicans in the Central Mountains.<br />
<br />
==Consequences==<br />
<br />
{{Mutul Topics|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:Civil war]]<br />
[[category:War]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Sajal_War&diff=778083Sajal War2024-03-08T12:32:09Z<p>Devink: /* Nojkab'al Campaign */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox Military Conflict<br />
|conflict = Sajal War<br />
|partof =<br />
| image = Common soldier.jpg<br />
| caption = A common Mutulese soldier during the Sajal War<br />
|date = 1828 - 1839<br />
|place = [[Mutul]]<br />
|result = Royalist Victory<br />
*Capitulation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]<br />
*Reunification of the [[Mutul]]<br />
*Beginning of the Itzamnaaj Reformation<br />
|combatant1 = {{flag|Mutul|Royalists}}<br />
|combatant2 = {{flag|Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale}}<br />
|commander1 = [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] <br> [[Rabanij]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|Yax Kelem Pat]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|K'atun May]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|Winik Pek]]<br />
|commander2 = [[Waxak B'alam Koj]] <br> [[Siol Chan Xiu]] <br> [[Sijal Ek]] <br> [[An Xook B'al]] <br> [[Bolon Chan B'alam]]<br />
|strength1 = 110,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|strength2 = ~200,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|casualties1 = 11,250 killed <br> 33,750 wounded or missing<br />
|casualties2 = 5,625 killed <br> 16,875 wounded or missing<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Sajal War''', also known as the '''War of the Frightfuls''' or '''Terrifying War''', was a civil war that opposed the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] of the [[Mutul]] and their loyalists against the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]. It lasted from 1828 with the Day of the Balconies (the murder of the Divine Lady [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] and the escape of her husband [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] with their son the crown prince [[B'alijaj Chan K'awiil II]]) to 1839 with the Redition of Itzamkan.<br />
<br />
The war happened in a context of political and economic decline of the Mutul which has seen its influence and and credit greatly diminished by lost wars against [[Tsurushima]] and [[Zacapican]]. Lady Ik' Jol rise to the throne came as a palace coup against the court faction that had taken control of the country under her father and brother's reigns. The reforms she promoted were an attempt to undermine the political power accumulated by the nobility over the 18th century but were cut short by her own assassination. It is remembered as the most brutal war in Mutulese history, one that has profoundly shaped the modern Mutul and created a clear historical cleavage between what came before and what came after the war.<br />
<br />
===Origins===<br />
<br />
Since the rule of [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil I]] in the early 18th century, the powers and authority of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] kept being limited by the ever more powerful merchant-aristocracy of the [[Mutul]]. Local and national assemblies became permanent legal institutions whom obtained a de-facto say on the Divine King's politics after much political troubles. The weakening of the [[Mutulese Ochran|Mutul's position in the West]] after the [[Tsurushima|Tsurushimese revolution]] of 1750 only exacerbated a conflict between a weakened monarchy and its nobility whom, inspired by both local and foreign thinkers, especially from [[Sante Reze]] developed a more {{wp|liberalism|liberal}} approach to both the economy and politics.<br />
<br />
In 1819, the [[Second War for Kahei]] started, threatening some of the merchant-aristocracy's positions in Ochran. In 1820, [[Wahlam B'alam V]] died in [[K'umarkaj]] after a decade long semi-exile ordered by the Sajal Holpop, the Nobility's Assembly, who had taken over [[K'alak Muul]]. His young son, [[Wahlam B'alam VI]], was brought back to the capital to be crowned and ruled as a puppet king for the Sajal Holpop. The same year, he died of illness and was succeeded by his elder sister, [[Lady Ik' Jol]]. Ik' Jol tried to restructure the [[Mutul|Divine Throne]] bureaucracy to limit the powers of the assemblies like the Sajal Holpop. In 1828, a conspiracy of Mutuleses aristocrats managed to murder the Divine Queen and her body was pushed from the balcony of [[K'alak Muul|her palace]]. The same day, her husband managed to escape from a similar murder plot and flee the capital with their son, the future [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]]. Legends have Itzamnaaj escape from another balcony of the royal palace. After this "Days of the Balconies", the Sajal Holpop proclaimed the end of the [[Mutul]] and the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
==Combattants==<br />
===Ilok'tab Loyalists===<br />
<br />
After his escape from [[K'alak Muul]], [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]], king-consort of [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] gained [[Yajawil of Kumahkah|Kumahkah]], the traditional base of power of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and enthroned his son as [[B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]] while he himself took the position of Regent. He amassed around him an inner circle of friends, family members, and clients, and built from there his resistance to the Noble Republic.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Loyalists was thus made of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and all associated lineages. {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} and {{wp|Mam people|Mam}} people had remained heavily tied to the Ilok'tab with their "special link" to the Monarchy and the Body of the Divine Lord guaranteeing them a privileged situation they would lose in case of a Monarchists' defeat. Similarly, the Republicans' project was one that would offer no alternative to the people who lived far away from the international economic circuits and was seen as guaranteeing the financial and social collapse of their communities.<br />
<br />
Religious and Monarchists insurections would be a regular issue for the Noble Republic. Most of those revolts would be triggered by military successes from [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] but were otherwise completely independent and unsupported by the Regent' party. They were more often expression of rural and popular uneasiness and dread at the reforms and changes promoted and pushed by the Noble Republic. Their association with the Monarchist movement was thus circumstantial at first but their repression by the Noble Republic and the rewards granted by the Ilok'tab whenever they were able to link up with local movements allowed the latter to build up a real popular base of power that guaranteed the perenity of the dynasty.<br />
<br />
===Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale===<br />
<br />
The Republic's power-base was made of the middle class and the merchant-aristocracy everywhere in the country. It was especially well established in the [[Yajawil of Kanol]] and the West in general, where trans-Makrian trade had led to the emergence of a wealthy "modern" society that had the time to stabilize itself as it had existed for more than 200 years by the time of the Sajal War. A similar but much younger analogue society had emerged in the East after the [[Sante Reze]] revolution of 1701 that opened the trans-Thalassian trade routes to the Mutuleses merchant-nobility. While even more radical in its support of the Noble Republic than the "West", the "East" also proved to be the weak link of the Republicans, as it's relatively recent emergence meant that it was still full of contradictions, paradoxes, and social divides on which the Royalists managed to play to gain the upper-hand.<br />
<br />
==Course of the war==<br />
===Exile and constitution of the Regency===<br />
[[File:Big pillars.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Chilok'tab Palace]] served as the K'uhul Ajaw residence throughout the war.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, as baptized by the Republicans, [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] was able to flee [[K'alak Muul]] with his son, the future [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil II]] and a handful of supporters. On their way they stopped at [[Sakal Witz]] where they were able to gain the support of the [[White Mountain Society|priests of the White Mountain]] which allowed them to continue their journey southward to [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumakah]]. Itzamnaaj established his son in the Palace of [[Chilok'tab]], a suburb of Kumakah and a site with 800 years old ties to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]]. It's there that he proclaimed his son the new [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|Divine Lord]] and placed himself as his regent before granting himself the status of Regent.<br />
<br />
Kumakah, and the rest of the eponymous viceroyalty, proved more than receptive and dedicated to the Royalist cause. Chief among these supporters were the House of Achi, Itzamnaaj' own clan, the religious institutions, temples and sanctuaries, of the region, as well as other leading lineages chief among them the [[House of Koyol]] one of the four great K'iche houses and strong actors of the Mutul industry. The four "House of Iximte", the Zotzil, Xahil, Tukuche, and Akajal, were less immediately agreeable to the Regent' project for a civil war but ultimately sided with him. This convinced the "House of Pokom" (Xin, Palak, Puj, Batz, and Tik) and thus the two viceroyalties immediately to the east of Kumakah tied to them, to also follow the Regent' cause although popular and aristocratic support was weaker at first. To the west, the Yajawil of Mamk'ab would proclaim itself almost immediately in support of the Divine Monarchy: the Mam people had long been ruled directly by the Ilok'tab and they've been an important pool of recruitment for soldiers and clerks.<br />
<br />
But beyond a strong base of support, by seizing Kumakah Itzamanaaj and his partisans also seized control of its Chocolate Mills and its royal prints, granting them the ability to continue to emit their own currency, collect taxes in the Viceroyalties controlled, and emit loans and war bonds. The Regent was thus able to secure the loyalty and the discipline of the Southern Army tasked with controlling the Mountain Passes between the Mutul and [[Sante Reze]], but also the border with [[Zacapican]]. Leaving behind only a token force, the royalists thus acquired a core professional force of around 30,000 men. This they completed by calling to arms the "Faithfuls" and forming "People Blessed Armies": militias partially supervised by officers drawn for the southern military, old veterans (recruited in priority), and other charismatic local leaders. At this stage of the war, the Royalists were able to create the Achi People' Army, the Mam People Army, three K'iche people armies, and two Pokom people armies, which represented an auxiliary force estimated between 70,000 and 300,000 men depending on historians as records and claims often contradict each others and not all commissioned officers, tasked with recruiting their own men, were willing or able to keep track of their own numbers. Nowadays, a number between 90,000 and 110,000 militias is more often used and cited.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation and first campaigns of the Noble Republic===<br />
[[File:Central acropolis.jpg|200px|thumb|The [[Chak Yaxnah Ho’kan]] before its destruction during the war. The royal house had become the Three Estates' meeting place.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, the Assembly of Aristocrats began negotiations with its two counterparts (the Assembly of Clerics and the Assembly of Elders) to set the basis of a new state. They propose that the three Assemblies declare [[Lady Ik' Jol]] to have been an illegitimate ruler who took power through the murder of the rightful Divine Lord her brother [[Wahlam B'alam VI]] and that the ritual to divinize her own blood has never worked as the gods had disapproved her acts. The gathered assemblies were not necessarily opposed to the proposal, but a divide appeared between those who wished to look for a new successor and the radical few who wished to create a new state with no Divine Lord.<br />
<br />
In these days of confusion, control over the putschists faction was assumed by the Viceroy of Chaknal, [[Waxak B'alam Koj]], the Viceroy of [[Yajawil of Oxmal|Oxmal]], [[Siol Chan Xiu]], and the two Admirals (''Ajaw Ha'': Waterlords) of the Mutul: [[Sijal Ek]] and [[An Xook B'al]]. They gathered urgently in the aftermath of the coup and decided that Waxak B'alam Koj would stay in [[K'alak Muul]] to control the situation there while Sijal Ek and An Xook B'al would go to the [[Yu]] and [[Puylum]] respectively to gain the support of the west and east of the Mutul and gather armies there. The task of pursuing Itzamnaaj and the crown prince thus fell on Siol Chan Xiu who led 3,000 men out of the capital to stop the royal escort. However, he failed to do so before Itzamnaaj reached [[Sakal Witz]] which refused to give up the Divine Lord to his pursuers. Siol Chan Xiu did not challenge the city directly, instead returning to Apikal, modern Yajawil of K'ekchi, to gather a larger army while leaving behind roughly a 1,000 men to control the ways out of Sakal Witz. This troop harassed and followed Itzamnaaj and his strengthened escort after they left the city to continue their way south, but was ultimately unable to stop them and had to retreat and regroup with the rest of Siol Chan Xiu' new army.<br />
<br />
===White Mountain Campaign===<br />
Siol Chan Xiu returned to the Central Mountains at the head of a new army. The professional core was made of soldiers who participated in the coup and Marine Riflemen, the naval forces of the Mutul having sided almost entirely with the Republicans. To these estimated 10,000 veterans new recruits were added forming an army of 45,000 or so men separated into five regiments of nine columns each. Each column represented roughly a thousand men and were divided into uneven numbers of companies, each led by a Captain chartered to recruit and lead his own men as per the Mutul' practices at the time and an habit shared with the royalists.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj was still organizing his Regency, gathering his supports, and recruiting new troops and could not directly influence the battle. The defense of Sakal Witz was thus organized mainly by the [[White Mountain Society]], the inhabitants, as well as volunteers from the rest of the Central Mountains, and mainly from the Blood Hills to the northwest of the city, whose religious dedication to the protection of the holy city could not compensate their lack of weaponry and training. After three weeks of battle and siege, the city fell and was sacked by the Republicans. The Central Mountains now secured, Siol Chan Xiu was free to continue his campaign southward.<br />
<br />
===Nojkab'al Campaign===<br />
[[File:VolcanesdeGuatemala00 D.png|200px|thumb|Sleeping volcanoes in the Central Mountains]]<br />
The battle of Sakal Witz was a setback for the Royalists. Itzamnaaj had led a relief force but arrived to the Central Mountains too late: the city had already fallen. Gathering up some of the militias and volunteers that had fled south, he entrenched his men in the main passes between the Central Mountains and the Viceroyalty of Nojkab'al, the last stretch of land before Kumakah and the K'iche lands.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj had brought an estimated 60,000 men with him and was defending the five passes known to be suitable for military forces. The Republicans were thus outnumbered but lack of reliable information and weapons had led the Regent to take a purely defensive position while waiting for further reinforcements. At first, Siol Chan Xiu placed a regiment in front of each passes before discretly gathering almost all of his men to the westernmost pass and launching an assault there, leaving only token forces elsewhere. The 40,000 men stormed the 12,000 badly armed Royalists and took control of the pass. Fearing a potential exploitation of this breach, Itzamnaaj abandoned the passes and deployed his troops deeper in Nojkab'al.<br />
<br />
Not daring to confront the Republicans directly, Itzamnaaj resorted to waging an assymetric warfare to which his men were better prepared. Siol Chan Xiu was able to reach [[Takalik]], the Viceroyalty Capital and Itzamnaaj refuge, but a lack of supply, diseases, and constant harassment by the Royalists pushed him to retreat back to the passes. Itzamnaaj continued to harass the departing Republicans but did not press further before more rifles and ammunitions had reached him. It's only with 10,000 more men and decent artillery support that he tried to take back control of the passes. However, the Republicans had the time to entrench themselves and all the Royalists assaults failed. The Nojkab'al front would remain active in 1829 when Republicans launched a second campaign to take over Nojkab'al but Itzamnaaj' officers had learned their lessons from the previous year and improved on their defense-in-depth. By 1830, it became clear to all that the central theater of the war was frozen.<br />
<br />
===Muwan Mountains and Blood Hills Campaigns===<br />
<br />
After his troops' victory at Takalik, Itzamnaaj returned to Kumahkah. He demobilized a number of soldier, his army having proved too large to equip and control correctly with his limited economy and reduced pool of officers. Instead he gave almost full control over the economy to [[Nimaq'ij]], patriarch of the [[House of Koyol]], with the mission to create a war industry capable of supporting the needs of the Royalists. To serve as an intermediary between Itzamnaaj' military and Nimaq'ij industry, the Regent also gave [[Muwan Chih K'in]], a [[White Mountain Society|White Mountain]] official who escaped [[Sakal Witz]] and one of [[Lady Ik' Jol]] confidents before the war, complete control over the military logistics.<br />
<br />
So in 1829, as Itzamnaaj just began to reorganized his faction, he divided his remaining 70,000 men into four armies. Ten thousand were left to defend Nojkab'al with the support of an unknown number of partisans recruited locally. 20,000 were kept in reserve in [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumahkah]]. Itzamnaaj and his brother [[Rabanij]] went eastward to link up with royalists in the [[Yajawil of Nokaj]] and to open a new front. The remaining 20,000 men were placed under the leadership of [[Achi Kooja]], the {{Maya peoples|Mam}} general of the defunct Southern Army.<br />
<br />
==Consequences==<br />
<br />
{{Mutul Topics|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:Civil war]]<br />
[[category:War]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Devink/sandbox7&diff=776738User:Devink/sandbox72024-03-05T13:55:31Z<p>Devink: /* Macro-Chan speaking peoples */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{bar box<br />
| title=Ethnic groups in the Mutul<br />
| titlebar=#ddd<br />
| left1='''Ethnic groups'''<br />
| right1='''Percent'''<br />
| float=right<br />
| bars=<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Chʼolan languages|K'olan peoles}} </small>(incl. {{wp|Chʼoltiʼ language|Chan}}, {{wp|Chontal Maya|Yokot'an}} and {{wp|Chʼortiʼ people|Witik people}})</small>|green|40|40%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Yucatec Maya language|Xamant'aan}} </small>(incl. {{wp|Kowoj|K'owoh people}})</small>|black|20|20%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Kʼicheʼ people}} </small>(incl. {{wp|Achi people}})</small>|yellow|10|10%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Totonacan languages|Tatinak}}|orange|8|8%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Mixtec|Nuu Davi}}|gold|4|4%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Zapotec peoples|Ben Zaa}}|cyan|4|4%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Kaqchikel people|Kakchikel}}|purple|3|3%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Chibchan languages|Chibchan peoples}}|light blue|2|2%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Otomi|Nuhmu}}|brown|2|2%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Tzotzil|Bats'i kop}}|blue|2|2%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Huastecan languages|Teenek}}|pink|2|2%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Itzaʼ language|Ytze}}|red|1.2|1.2%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Lencas}}|grey|1|1%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Mopan people|Mopan}}|white|0.8|0.8%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Xinca}}|dark blue|0.4|0.4%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|other|white|0.6|0.6%}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The majority of the population of the [[Mutul]] consist of {{wp|Mayan languages|Macro-Chan peoples}} which include the people related to the {{wp|Chʼolan languages|K'olan speakers}}, like the {{wp|Chʼortiʼ people|Witik people}} and the {{wp|Chontal Maya|Yokot'anob}} who, despite having be part of the Divine Kingdom for millenias, retain important cultural differences compared to the ethnic Chan and K'ol peoples. Other important branches of the Macro-Chan include the {{wp|Yucatec Maya language|Xamant'aan}} (and other inhabitant of the Xuman Peninsula), the {{wp|Kʼicheʼ people|K'iche}} (from whom the current ruling lineage, the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] hail), and smaller ethnicities like the {{wp|Itzaʼ language|Ytze}} and the linguistically related {{wp|Mopan people|Mopan}}. All the Chan-related peoples, sometime called "Mutuleses proper", form together 75 to 80 percents of the total population, depending on the estimates.<br />
<br />
{{wp|Oto-manguean languages|Oto-manguean speakers}} constitute a large minority of the total population (around 10%), with groups such as the {{wp|Otomi|Nuhmu}}, the {{wp|Zapotec peoples|Ben Zaa}}, and the {{wp|Mixtec|Nuu Davi}}. They are linguistically distinct from the {{wp|Totonacan languages|Tatinak}}, one of the largest non-Chan ethnic group of the Mutul (6 to 8%). The Tatinak were notably the only non-Chan ethnicity to have given a Dynasty to the Mutul: the [[K'uy Dynasty|K'uy]].<br />
<br />
The {{wp|Chibchan languages|Chibchan}} account for 2 to 3% of the population and are made of many recognized minorities, such as the Ngabe, Bri, and Paya, living essentially in rural communities in the eastern Mutul. The remainder of the population include other minorities like the {{wp|Lencas}} or the [[Sante Reze|Ucayare]].<br />
<br />
==Macro-Chan speaking peoples==<br />
===Ch'ol===<br />
The Ch'ols represent the main Chan ethnies of the Mutul. They can be further divided into three subcategories: the Ch'olti people ("Ch'ol speakers") who trace their origins back to the [[Paol'lunyu Dynasty]] and the city of Kaminyajunlyu, the Ch'orti people who claim to descend from the people of [[Oxwitik]], and the K'ol people who formed three kingdoms in antiquity: [[Akol]], {{wp|Manche Chʼol|Mant'e}}, and {{wp|Lakandon Chʼol|Lakam Tun}} who began their development outside of the primitive Mutul. Ch'ol, Ch'or, and K'ol all refer to the maizefield in their respective dialects and can refer to either [[Agriculture_in_the_Mutul#Xukalpuh|Xukalpuh]] or [[Agriculture_in_the_Mutul#Raised_fields|raised fields]], a difference that only exist in the more academic [[Mutli]] which otherwise take heavy inspiration from Ch'olt'an ("Language of the Maize fields") for its own vocabulary and grammar. The "Aj Ch'ol" are thus the "People of the Maize fields", the farmers and workers. Foreigners are referred to as "Kaxlan" which carry the meaning of the "non-workers", "those who profit from the work of the Ch'ols". Kaxlan is used in Mutli to translate the concept of {{wp|Bourgeoisie}} although its application by the Ch'ols is much broader.<br />
<br />
===Yokot'an===<br />
{{see also|Yajawil of Yokok'ab}}<br />
<br />
The Yokot'an ([[Mutli]]: "''యొకొత్తనభొ''", "''Our speech''") are Ch'ol-related peoples living in the modern [[Yajawil of Yokok'ab]]. Their territory was the craddle of the old {{wp|Yajawil of Yokok'ab#Chakb’ah|Chakb’ah civilization}}, one of the earliest culture to have emerged in the pre-dynastic era of the Divine Kingdom and had a major influence over all of the western Mutul. The Yokot'anob claim that the Chakb'ah are their direct forefathers through the {{wp|Epi-Olmec culture|Tzib'ah culture}}, which scholars suppose were an "evolution" of the Chakb'ah and thrived as a civilization until their conquest by the [[Chaan Dynasty]].<br />
<br />
The status of Yokok'ab as a center of culture and civilization would remain well into the [[Mutulese Ochran]] era, where Yokot'an became the lingua franca of the Vespanian and Makrian Circuits.<br />
<br />
===Batz'i k'op===<br />
[[File:San Cristobal - Indianische Straßenhändlerinnen.jpg|220px|thumb|Batz'i k'op women]]<br />
Batz'i k'op ([[Mutli]]: "''బఝి ఖొపొ''", "''True Word''") is a Chan language distinct enough to be counted at its own sub branch. Its speakers, the K'opti, inhabit the Viceroyalty of [[B'akal (Viceroyalty)|B'akal]]. They represent between four to eight million people, depending on the data. K'opti culture is especially stratified which has led to linguistic differences building up between the dialect of the upper and middle classes and the dialect of the proletariat known as the "Winik Atel" ([[Mutli]]: "''వినికి అతెలి''", "'''Working Men''"). The Divine Throne has always staunchily refused to recognize a linguistic distinction between the two groups whenever the question has been brought up.<br />
<br />
The K'opti trace their origins back to the kingdom of B'akal, located in the modern [[B'akal (Viceroyalty)|Yajawil of B'akal]] where they are still the dominant ethnies. it is also suspected that they have ancestral ties to the {{wp|Epi-Olmec culture|Tzib'ah culture}}.<br />
<br />
===Tohol Ab'al===<br />
Tohol Ab'al ("Right Words") The exact origins of the Tohol ab'al are unknown, but it is suspected that they have ancestral ties to the {{wp|Epi-Olmec culture|Tzib'ah culture}}.<br />
<br />
===Xamant'aan===<br />
[[File:Jarana Yucateca.jpg|220px|thumb|A typical ball from the [[Yajawil of Kaniktun]]]]<br />
Most of the inhabitants of the Xuman Peninsula speak a common {{wp|Pluricentric language}} with different standard varieties depending on the specific Province. But generally, all varieties of that language, and thus the ethnies that speak it as their mother language, are grouped under the common name of "Xamant'aan" ([[Mutuli]]: "''శమనత్తన''", "''Northern Speech''") by linguists.<br />
<br />
===Ytze===<br />
{{main|Ytze people}}</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Devink/sandbox7&diff=776730User:Devink/sandbox72024-03-05T13:27:41Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{bar box<br />
| title=Ethnic groups in the Mutul<br />
| titlebar=#ddd<br />
| left1='''Ethnic groups'''<br />
| right1='''Percent'''<br />
| float=right<br />
| bars=<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Chʼolan languages|K'olan peoles}} </small>(incl. {{wp|Chʼoltiʼ language|Chan}}, {{wp|Chontal Maya|Yokot'an}} and {{wp|Chʼortiʼ people|Witik people}})</small>|green|40|40%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Yucatec Maya language|Xamant'aan}} </small>(incl. {{wp|Kowoj|K'owoh people}})</small>|black|20|20%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Kʼicheʼ people}} </small>(incl. {{wp|Achi people}})</small>|yellow|10|10%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Totonacan languages|Tatinak}}|orange|8|8%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Mixtec|Nuu Davi}}|gold|4|4%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Zapotec peoples|Ben Zaa}}|cyan|4|4%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Kaqchikel people|Kakchikel}}|purple|3|3%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Chibchan languages|Chibchan peoples}}|light blue|2|2%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Otomi|Nuhmu}}|brown|2|2%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Tzotzil|Bats'i kop}}|blue|2|2%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Huastecan languages|Teenek}}|pink|2|2%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Itzaʼ language|Ytze}}|red|1.2|1.2%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Lencas}}|grey|1|1%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Mopan people|Mopan}}|white|0.8|0.8%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Xinca}}|dark blue|0.4|0.4%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|other|white|0.6|0.6%}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The majority of the population of the [[Mutul]] consist of {{wp|Mayan languages|Macro-Chan peoples}} which include the people related to the {{wp|Chʼolan languages|K'olan speakers}}, like the {{wp|Chʼortiʼ people|Witik people}} and the {{wp|Chontal Maya|Yokot'anob}} who, despite having be part of the Divine Kingdom for millenias, retain important cultural differences compared to the ethnic Chan and K'ol peoples. Other important branches of the Macro-Chan include the {{wp|Yucatec Maya language|Xamant'aan}} (and other inhabitant of the Xuman Peninsula), the {{wp|Kʼicheʼ people|K'iche}} (from whom the current ruling lineage, the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] hail), and smaller ethnicities like the {{wp|Itzaʼ language|Ytze}} and the linguistically related {{wp|Mopan people|Mopan}}. All the Chan-related peoples, sometime called "Mutuleses proper", form together 75 to 80 percents of the total population, depending on the estimates.<br />
<br />
{{wp|Oto-manguean languages|Oto-manguean speakers}} constitute a large minority of the total population (around 10%), with groups such as the {{wp|Otomi|Nuhmu}}, the {{wp|Zapotec peoples|Ben Zaa}}, and the {{wp|Mixtec|Nuu Davi}}. They are linguistically distinct from the {{wp|Totonacan languages|Tatinak}}, one of the largest non-Chan ethnic group of the Mutul (6 to 8%). The Tatinak were notably the only non-Chan ethnicity to have given a Dynasty to the Mutul: the [[K'uy Dynasty|K'uy]].<br />
<br />
The {{wp|Chibchan languages|Chibchan}} account for 2 to 3% of the population and are made of many recognized minorities, such as the Ngabe, Bri, and Paya, living essentially in rural communities in the eastern Mutul. The remainder of the population include other minorities like the {{wp|Lencas}} or the [[Sante Reze|Ucayare]].<br />
<br />
==Macro-Chan speaking peoples==<br />
===Ch'ol===<br />
The Ch'ols represent the main Chan ethnies of the Mutul. They can be further divided into three subcategories: the Ch'olti people ("Ch'ol speakers") who trace their origins back to the [[Paol'lunyu Dynasty]] and the city of Kaminyajunlyu, the Ch'orti people who claim to descend from the people of [[Oxwitik]], and the K'ol people who formed three kingdoms in antiquity: [[Akol]], {{wp|Manche Chʼol|Mant'e}}, and {{wp|Lakandon Chʼol|Lakam Tun}} who began their development outside of the primitive Mutul. Ch'ol, Ch'or, and K'ol all refer to the maizefield in their respective dialects and can refer to either [[Agriculture_in_the_Mutul#Xukalpuh|Xukalpuh]] or [[Agriculture_in_the_Mutul#Raised_fields|raised fields]], a difference that only exist in the more academic [[Mutli]] which otherwise take heavy inspiration from Ch'olt'an ("Language of the Maize fields") for its own vocabulary and grammar. The "Aj Ch'ol" are thus the "People of the Maize fields", the farmers and workers. Foreigners are referred to as "Kaxlan" which carry the meaning of the "non-workers", "those who profit from the work of the Ch'ols". Kaxlan is used in Mutli to translate the concept of {{wp|Bourgeoisie}} although its application by the Ch'ols is much broader.<br />
<br />
===Yokotitek===<br />
{{see also|Yajawil of Yokok'ab}}<br />
<br />
The Yokotitek ([[Mutli]]: "''యొకొత్తనభొ''", "''Our speech''") are Chan-related peoples living in the modern [[Yajawil of Yokok'ab]]. Their territory was the craddle of the old {{wp|Yajawil of Yokok'ab#Chakb’ah|Chakb’ah civilization}}, one of the earliest culture to have emerged in the pre-dynastic era of the Divine Kingdom and had a major influence over all of the western Mutul. The Yokot'anob claim that the Chakb'ah are their direct forefathers through the {{wp|Epi-Olmec culture|Tzib'ah culture}}, which scholars suppose were an "evolution" of the Chakb'ah and thrived as a civilization until their conquest by the [[Chaan Dynasty]].<br />
<br />
The status of Yokok'ab as a center of culture and civilization would remain well into the [[Mutulese Ochran]] era, where Yokot'an became the lingua franca of the Vespanian and Makrian Circuits.<br />
<br />
===Batz'i k'op===<br />
[[File:San Cristobal - Indianische Straßenhändlerinnen.jpg|220px|thumb|Batz'i k'op women]]<br />
Batz'i k'op ([[Mutli]]: "''బఝి ఖొపొ''", "''True Word''") is a Chan language distinct enough to be counted at its own sub branch. Its speakers, the K'opti, inhabit the Viceroyalty of [[B'akal (Viceroyalty)|B'akal]]. They represent between four to eight million people, depending on the data. K'opti culture is especially stratified which has led to linguistic differences building up between the dialect of the upper and middle classes and the dialect of the proletariat known as the "Winik Atel" ([[Mutli]]: "''వినికి అతెలి''", "'''Working Men''"). The Divine Throne has always staunchily refused to recognize a linguistic distinction between the two groups whenever the question has been brought up.<br />
<br />
The K'opti trace their origins back to the kingdom of B'akal, located in the modern [[B'akal (Viceroyalty)|Yajawil of B'akal]] where they are still the dominant ethnies. it is also suspected that they have ancestral ties to the {{wp|Epi-Olmec culture|Tzib'ah culture}}.<br />
<br />
===Tohol Ab'al===<br />
Tohol Ab'al ("Right Words") The exact origins of the Tohol ab'al are unknown, but it is suspected that they have ancestral ties to the {{wp|Epi-Olmec culture|Tzib'ah culture}}.<br />
<br />
===Xamant'aan===<br />
[[File:Jarana Yucateca.jpg|220px|thumb|A typical ball from the [[Yajawil of Kaniktun]]]]<br />
Most of the inhabitants of the Xuman Peninsula speak a common {{wp|Pluricentric language}} with different standard varieties depending on the specific Province. But generally, all varieties of that language, and thus the ethnies that speak it as their mother language, are grouped under the common name of "Xamant'aan" ([[Mutuli]]: "''శమనత్తన''", "''Northern Speech''") by linguists.<br />
<br />
===Ytze===<br />
{{main|Ytze people}}</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Devink/sandbox7&diff=776699User:Devink/sandbox72024-03-05T11:22:51Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{bar box<br />
| title=Ethnic groups in the Mutul<br />
| titlebar=#ddd<br />
| left1='''Ethnic groups'''<br />
| right1='''Percent'''<br />
| float=right<br />
| bars=<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Chʼolan languages|K'olan peoles}} </small>(incl. {{wp|Chʼoltiʼ language|Chan}}, {{wp|Chontal Maya|Yokot'an}} and {{wp|Chʼortiʼ people|Witik people}})</small>|green|40|40%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Yucatec Maya language|Xamant'aan}} </small>(incl. {{wp|Kowoj|K'owoh people}})</small>|black|20|20%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Kʼicheʼ people}} </small>(incl. {{wp|Achi people}})</small>|yellow|10|10%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Totonacan languages|Tatinak}}|orange|8|8%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Mixtec|Nuu Davi}}|gold|4|4%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Zapotec peoples|Ben Zaa}}|cyan|4|4%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Kaqchikel people|Kakchikel}}|purple|3|3%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Chibchan languages|Chibchan peoples}}|light blue|2|2%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Otomi|Nuhmu}}|brown|2|2%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Tzotzil|Bats'i kop}}|blue|2|2%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Huastecan languages|Teenek}}|pink|2|2%}}<br />
{{bar percent|{{wp|Itzaʼ language|Ytze}}|red|1.2|1.2%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Lencas}}|grey|1|1%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Mopan people|Mopan}}|white|0.8|0.8%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|{{wp|Xinca}}|dark blue|0.4|0.4%}}<br />
{{bar_percent|other|white|0.6|0.6%}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The majority of the population of the [[Mutul]] consist of {{wp|Mayan languages|Macro-Chan peoples}} which include the people related to the {{wp|Chʼolan languages|K'olan speakers}}, like the {{wp|Chʼortiʼ people|Witik people}} and the {{wp|Chontal Maya|Yokot'anob}} who, despite having be part of the Divine Kingdom for millenias, retain important cultural differences compared to the ethnic Chan and K'ol peoples. Other important branches of the Macro-Chan include the {{wp|Yucatec Maya language|Xamant'aan}} (and other inhabitant of the Xuman Peninsula), the {{wp|Kʼicheʼ people|K'iche}} (from whom the current ruling lineage, the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] hail), and smaller ethnicities like the {{wp|Itzaʼ language|Ytze}} and the linguistically related {{wp|Mopan people|Mopan}}. All the Chan-related peoples, sometime called "Mutuleses proper", form together 75 to 80 percents of the total population, depending on the estimates.<br />
<br />
{{wp|Oto-manguean languages|Oto-manguean speakers}} constitute a large minority of the total population (around 10%), with groups such as the {{wp|Otomi|Nuhmu}}, the {{wp|Zapotec peoples|Ben Zaa}}, and the {{wp|Mixtec|Nuu Davi}}. They are linguistically distinct from the {{wp|Totonacan languages|Tatinak}}, one of the largest non-Chan ethnic group of the Mutul (6 to 8%). The Tatinak were notably the only non-Chan ethnicity to have given a Dynasty to the Mutul: the [[K'uy Dynasty|K'uy]].<br />
<br />
The {{wp|Chibchan languages|Chibchan}} account for 2 to 3% of the population and are made of many recognized minorities, such as the Ngabe, Bri, and Paya, living essentially in rural communities in the eastern Mutul. The remainder of the population include other minorities like the {{wp|Lencas}} or the [[Sante Reze|Ucayare]].<br />
<br />
==Macro-Chan speaking peoples==<br />
===Chan===<br />
In the ethnic census of the Divine Kingdom, based around the maternal tongue of the recensed "citizens", around 20% of the population is of {{wp|Ch'olti' language|Chan}} ([[Mutli]]: "చన") origin. The Chan consider themselves to be the ancestral "core" of the [[Mutul]], with their origins in the [[Paol'lunyu Dynasty|Paol'lunyu]] and [[Chaan Dynasty]] where they distinguished themselves from the other {{wp|Ch'olan languages|K'olan people}}. Despite close linguistic and cultural ties, a distinction is made between the Chan, who identify predominantly with the populations of the old cities of [[Kaminyajunlyu]], [[Yux]], and [[Uaxakatz'am]], and the {{wp|Chʼortiʼ people|Witik people}}), who tie their origins with the ancestral city of [[Ox Witik]] instead. The cultural distinction with the {{wp|Chʼolan languages|K'ol}} is more pronounced, despite the closer proximity between the two ethnicities, and is due to the history of the K'ol as a border people, influenced both by the {{wp|Itza|Ytze kingdoms}} to their north and the [[Mutul]]to their south, as well as a more rural repartition compared to the very urbanized Chan.<br />
<br />
===Yokotitek===<br />
{{see also|Yajawil of Yokok'ab}}<br />
<br />
The Yokotitek ([[Mutli]]: "''యొకొత్తనభొ''", "''Our speech''") are Chan-related peoples living in the modern [[Yajawil of Yokok'ab]]. Their territory was the craddle of the old {{wp|Yajawil of Yokok'ab#Chakb’ah|Chakb’ah civilization}}, one of the earliest culture to have emerged in the pre-dynastic era of the Divine Kingdom and had a major influence over all of the western Mutul. The Yokot'anob claim that the Chakb'ah are their direct forefathers through the {{wp|Epi-Olmec culture|Tzib'ah culture}}, which scholars suppose were an "evolution" of the Chakb'ah and thrived as a civilization until their conquest by the [[Chaan Dynasty]].<br />
<br />
The status of Yokok'ab as a center of culture and civilization would remain well into the [[Mutulese Ochran]] era, where Yokot'an became the lingua franca of the Vespanian and Makrian Circuits.<br />
<br />
===Batz'i k'op===<br />
[[File:San Cristobal - Indianische Straßenhändlerinnen.jpg|220px|thumb|Batz'i k'op women]]<br />
Batz'i k'op ([[Mutli]]: "''బఝి ఖొపొ''", "''True Word''") is a Chan language distinct enough to be counted at its own sub branch. Its speakers, the K'opti, inhabit the Viceroyalty of [[B'akal (Viceroyalty)|B'akal]]. They represent between four to eight million people, depending on the data. K'opti culture is especially stratified which has led to linguistic differences building up between the dialect of the upper and middle classes and the dialect of the proletariat known as the "Winik Atel" ([[Mutli]]: "''వినికి అతెలి''", "'''Working Men''"). The Divine Throne has always staunchily refused to recognize a linguistic distinction between the two groups whenever the question has been brought up.<br />
<br />
The K'opti trace their origins back to the kingdom of B'akal, located in the modern [[B'akal (Viceroyalty)|Yajawil of B'akal]] where they are still the dominant ethnies. it is also suspected that they have ancestral ties to the {{wp|Epi-Olmec culture|Tzib'ah culture}}.<br />
<br />
===Tohol Ab'al===<br />
Tohol Ab'al ("Right Words") The exact origins of the Tohol ab'al are unknown, but it is suspected that they have ancestral ties to the {{wp|Epi-Olmec culture|Tzib'ah culture}}.<br />
<br />
===Xamant'aan===<br />
[[File:Jarana Yucateca.jpg|220px|thumb|A typical ball from the [[Yajawil of Kaniktun]]]]<br />
Most of the inhabitants of the Xuman Peninsula speak a common {{wp|Pluricentric language}} with different standard varieties depending on the specific Province. But generally, all varieties of that language, and thus the ethnies that speak it as their mother language, are grouped under the common name of "Xamant'aan" ([[Mutuli]]: "''శమనత్తన''", "''Northern Speech''") by linguists.</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Sajal_War&diff=776263Sajal War2024-03-04T13:40:48Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox Military Conflict<br />
|conflict = Sajal War<br />
|partof =<br />
| image = Common soldier.jpg<br />
| caption = A common Mutulese soldier during the Sajal War<br />
|date = 1828 - 1839<br />
|place = [[Mutul]]<br />
|result = Royalist Victory<br />
*Capitulation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]<br />
*Reunification of the [[Mutul]]<br />
*Beginning of the Itzamnaaj Reformation<br />
|combatant1 = {{flag|Mutul|Royalists}}<br />
|combatant2 = {{flag|Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale}}<br />
|commander1 = [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] <br> [[Rabanij]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|Yax Kelem Pat]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|K'atun May]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|Winik Pek]]<br />
|commander2 = [[Waxak B'alam Koj]] <br> [[Siol Chan Xiu]] <br> [[Sijal Ek]] <br> [[An Xook B'al]] <br> [[Bolon Chan B'alam]]<br />
|strength1 = 110,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|strength2 = ~200,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|casualties1 = 11,250 killed <br> 33,750 wounded or missing<br />
|casualties2 = 5,625 killed <br> 16,875 wounded or missing<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Sajal War''', also known as the '''War of the Frightfuls''' or '''Terrifying War''', was a civil war that opposed the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] of the [[Mutul]] and their loyalists against the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]. It lasted from 1828 with the Day of the Balconies (the murder of the Divine Lady [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] and the escape of her husband [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] with their son the crown prince [[B'alijaj Chan K'awiil II]]) to 1839 with the Redition of Itzamkan.<br />
<br />
The war happened in a context of political and economic decline of the Mutul which has seen its influence and and credit greatly diminished by lost wars against [[Tsurushima]] and [[Zacapican]]. Lady Ik' Jol rise to the throne came as a palace coup against the court faction that had taken control of the country under her father and brother's reigns. The reforms she promoted were an attempt to undermine the political power accumulated by the nobility over the 18th century but were cut short by her own assassination. It is remembered as the most brutal war in Mutulese history, one that has profoundly shaped the modern Mutul and created a clear historical cleavage between what came before and what came after the war.<br />
<br />
===Origins===<br />
<br />
Since the rule of [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil I]] in the early 18th century, the powers and authority of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] kept being limited by the ever more powerful merchant-aristocracy of the [[Mutul]]. Local and national assemblies became permanent legal institutions whom obtained a de-facto say on the Divine King's politics after much political troubles. The weakening of the [[Mutulese Ochran|Mutul's position in the West]] after the [[Tsurushima|Tsurushimese revolution]] of 1750 only exacerbated a conflict between a weakened monarchy and its nobility whom, inspired by both local and foreign thinkers, especially from [[Sante Reze]] developed a more {{wp|liberalism|liberal}} approach to both the economy and politics.<br />
<br />
In 1819, the [[Second War for Kahei]] started, threatening some of the merchant-aristocracy's positions in Ochran. In 1820, [[Wahlam B'alam V]] died in [[K'umarkaj]] after a decade long semi-exile ordered by the Sajal Holpop, the Nobility's Assembly, who had taken over [[K'alak Muul]]. His young son, [[Wahlam B'alam VI]], was brought back to the capital to be crowned and ruled as a puppet king for the Sajal Holpop. The same year, he died of illness and was succeeded by his elder sister, [[Lady Ik' Jol]]. Ik' Jol tried to restructure the [[Mutul|Divine Throne]] bureaucracy to limit the powers of the assemblies like the Sajal Holpop. In 1828, a conspiracy of Mutuleses aristocrats managed to murder the Divine Queen and her body was pushed from the balcony of [[K'alak Muul|her palace]]. The same day, her husband managed to escape from a similar murder plot and flee the capital with their son, the future [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]]. Legends have Itzamnaaj escape from another balcony of the royal palace. After this "Days of the Balconies", the Sajal Holpop proclaimed the end of the [[Mutul]] and the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
==Combattants==<br />
===Ilok'tab Loyalists===<br />
<br />
After his escape from [[K'alak Muul]], [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]], king-consort of [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] gained [[Yajawil of Kumahkah|Kumahkah]], the traditional base of power of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and enthroned his son as [[B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]] while he himself took the position of Regent. He amassed around him an inner circle of friends, family members, and clients, and built from there his resistance to the Noble Republic.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Loyalists was thus made of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and all associated lineages. {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} and {{wp|Mam people|Mam}} people had remained heavily tied to the Ilok'tab with their "special link" to the Monarchy and the Body of the Divine Lord guaranteeing them a privileged situation they would lose in case of a Monarchists' defeat. Similarly, the Republicans' project was one that would offer no alternative to the people who lived far away from the international economic circuits and was seen as guaranteeing the financial and social collapse of their communities.<br />
<br />
Religious and Monarchists insurections would be a regular issue for the Noble Republic. Most of those revolts would be triggered by military successes from [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] but were otherwise completely independent and unsupported by the Regent' party. They were more often expression of rural and popular uneasiness and dread at the reforms and changes promoted and pushed by the Noble Republic. Their association with the Monarchist movement was thus circumstantial at first but their repression by the Noble Republic and the rewards granted by the Ilok'tab whenever they were able to link up with local movements allowed the latter to build up a real popular base of power that guaranteed the perenity of the dynasty.<br />
<br />
===Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale===<br />
<br />
The Republic's power-base was made of the middle class and the merchant-aristocracy everywhere in the country. It was especially well established in the [[Yajawil of Kanol]] and the West in general, where trans-Makrian trade had led to the emergence of a wealthy "modern" society that had the time to stabilize itself as it had existed for more than 200 years by the time of the Sajal War. A similar but much younger analogue society had emerged in the East after the [[Sante Reze]] revolution of 1701 that opened the trans-Thalassian trade routes to the Mutuleses merchant-nobility. While even more radical in its support of the Noble Republic than the "West", the "East" also proved to be the weak link of the Republicans, as it's relatively recent emergence meant that it was still full of contradictions, paradoxes, and social divides on which the Royalists managed to play to gain the upper-hand.<br />
<br />
==Course of the war==<br />
===Exile and constitution of the Regency===<br />
[[File:Big pillars.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Chilok'tab Palace]] served as the K'uhul Ajaw residence throughout the war.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, as baptized by the Republicans, [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] was able to flee [[K'alak Muul]] with his son, the future [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil II]] and a handful of supporters. On their way they stopped at [[Sakal Witz]] where they were able to gain the support of the [[White Mountain Society|priests of the White Mountain]] which allowed them to continue their journey southward to [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumakah]]. Itzamnaaj established his son in the Palace of [[Chilok'tab]], a suburb of Kumakah and a site with 800 years old ties to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]]. It's there that he proclaimed his son the new [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|Divine Lord]] and placed himself as his regent before granting himself the status of Regent.<br />
<br />
Kumakah, and the rest of the eponymous viceroyalty, proved more than receptive and dedicated to the Royalist cause. Chief among these supporters were the House of Achi, Itzamnaaj' own clan, the religious institutions, temples and sanctuaries, of the region, as well as other leading lineages chief among them the [[House of Koyol]] one of the four great K'iche houses and strong actors of the Mutul industry. The four "House of Iximte", the Zotzil, Xahil, Tukuche, and Akajal, were less immediately agreeable to the Regent' project for a civil war but ultimately sided with him. This convinced the "House of Pokom" (Xin, Palak, Puj, Batz, and Tik) and thus the two viceroyalties immediately to the east of Kumakah tied to them, to also follow the Regent' cause although popular and aristocratic support was weaker at first. To the west, the Yajawil of Mamk'ab would proclaim itself almost immediately in support of the Divine Monarchy: the Mam people had long been ruled directly by the Ilok'tab and they've been an important pool of recruitment for soldiers and clerks.<br />
<br />
But beyond a strong base of support, by seizing Kumakah Itzamanaaj and his partisans also seized control of its Chocolate Mills and its royal prints, granting them the ability to continue to emit their own currency, collect taxes in the Viceroyalties controlled, and emit loans and war bonds. The Regent was thus able to secure the loyalty and the discipline of the Southern Army tasked with controlling the Mountain Passes between the Mutul and [[Sante Reze]], but also the border with [[Zacapican]]. Leaving behind only a token force, the royalists thus acquired a core professional force of around 30,000 men. This they completed by calling to arms the "Faithfuls" and forming "People Blessed Armies": militias partially supervised by officers drawn for the southern military, old veterans (recruited in priority), and other charismatic local leaders. At this stage of the war, the Royalists were able to create the Achi People' Army, the Mam People Army, three K'iche people armies, and two Pokom people armies, which represented an auxiliary force estimated between 70,000 and 300,000 men depending on historians as records and claims often contradict each others and not all commissioned officers, tasked with recruiting their own men, were willing or able to keep track of their own numbers. Nowadays, a number between 90,000 and 110,000 militias is more often used and cited.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation and first campaigns of the Noble Republic===<br />
[[File:Central acropolis.jpg|200px|thumb|The [[Chak Yaxnah Ho’kan]] before its destruction during the war. The royal house had become the Three Estates' meeting place.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, the Assembly of Aristocrats began negotiations with its two counterparts (the Assembly of Clerics and the Assembly of Elders) to set the basis of a new state. They propose that the three Assemblies declare [[Lady Ik' Jol]] to have been an illegitimate ruler who took power through the murder of the rightful Divine Lord her brother [[Wahlam B'alam VI]] and that the ritual to divinize her own blood has never worked as the gods had disapproved her acts. The gathered assemblies were not necessarily opposed to the proposal, but a divide appeared between those who wished to look for a new successor and the radical few who wished to create a new state with no Divine Lord.<br />
<br />
In these days of confusion, control over the putschists faction was assumed by the Viceroy of Chaknal, [[Waxak B'alam Koj]], the Viceroy of [[Yajawil of Oxmal|Oxmal]], [[Siol Chan Xiu]], and the two Admirals (''Ajaw Ha'': Waterlords) of the Mutul: [[Sijal Ek]] and [[An Xook B'al]]. They gathered urgently in the aftermath of the coup and decided that Waxak B'alam Koj would stay in [[K'alak Muul]] to control the situation there while Sijal Ek and An Xook B'al would go to the [[Yu]] and [[Puylum]] respectively to gain the support of the west and east of the Mutul and gather armies there. The task of pursuing Itzamnaaj and the crown prince thus fell on Siol Chan Xiu who led 3,000 men out of the capital to stop the royal escort. However, he failed to do so before Itzamnaaj reached [[Sakal Witz]] which refused to give up the Divine Lord to his pursuers. Siol Chan Xiu did not challenge the city directly, instead returning to Apikal, modern Yajawil of K'ekchi, to gather a larger army while leaving behind roughly a 1,000 men to control the ways out of Sakal Witz. This troop harassed and followed Itzamnaaj and his strengthened escort after they left the city to continue their way south, but was ultimately unable to stop them and had to retreat and regroup with the rest of Siol Chan Xiu' new army.<br />
<br />
===White Mountain Campaign===<br />
Siol Chan Xiu returned to the Central Mountains at the head of a new army. The professional core was made of soldiers who participated in the coup and Marine Riflemen, the naval forces of the Mutul having sided almost entirely with the Republicans. To these estimated 10,000 veterans new recruits were added forming an army of 45,000 or so men separated into five regiments of nine columns each. Each column represented roughly a thousand men and were divided into uneven numbers of companies, each led by a Captain chartered to recruit and lead his own men as per the Mutul' practices at the time and an habit shared with the royalists.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj was still organizing his Regency, gathering his supports, and recruiting new troops and could not directly influence the battle. The defense of Sakal Witz was thus organized mainly by the [[White Mountain Society]], the inhabitants, as well as volunteers from the rest of the Central Mountains, and mainly from the Blood Hills to the northwest of the city, whose religious dedication to the protection of the holy city could not compensate their lack of weaponry and training. After three weeks of battle and siege, the city fell and was sacked by the Republicans. The Central Mountains now secured, Siol Chan Xiu was free to continue his campaign southward.<br />
<br />
===Nojkab'al Campaign===<br />
[[File:VolcanesdeGuatemala00 D.png|200px|thumb|Sleeping volcanoes in the Central Mountains]]<br />
The battle of Sakal Witz was a setback for the Royalists. Itzamnaaj had led a relief force but arrived to the Central Mountains too late: the city had already fallen. Gathering up some of the militias and volunteers that had fled south, he entrenched his men in the main passes between the Central Mountains and the Viceroyalty of Nojkab'al, the last stretch of land before Kumakah and the K'iche lands.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj had brought an estimated 60,000 men with him and was defending the five passes known to be suitable for military forces. The Republicans were thus outnumbered but lack of reliable information and weapons had led the Regent to take a purely defensive position while waiting for further reinforcements. At first, Siol Chan Xiu placed a regiment in front of each passes before discretly gathering almost all of his men to the westernmost pass and launching an assault there, leaving only token forces elsewhere. The 40,000 men stormed the 12,000 badly armed Royalists and took control of the pass. Fearing a potential exploitation of this breach, Itzamnaaj abandoned the passes and deployed his troops deeper in Nojkab'al.<br />
<br />
Not daring to confront the Republicans directly, Itzamnaaj resorted to waging an assymetric warfare to which his men were better prepared. Siol Chan Xiu was able to reach [[Takalik]], the Viceroyalty Capital and Itzamnaaj refuge, but a lack of supply, diseases, and constant harassment by the Royalists pushed him to retreat back to the passes. Itzamnaaj continued to harass the departing Republicans but did not press further before more rifles and ammunitions had reached him. It's only with 10,000 more men and decent artillery support that he tried to take back control of the passes. However, the Republicans had the time to entrench themselves and all the Royalists assaults failed. The Nojkab'al front would remain active in 1829 when Republicans launched a second campaign to take over Nojkab'al but Itzamnaaj' officers had learned their lessons from the previous year and improved on their defense-in-depth. By 1830, it became clear to all that the central theater of the war was frozen.<br />
<br />
==Consequences==<br />
<br />
{{Mutul Topics|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:Civil war]]<br />
[[category:War]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Sajal_War&diff=775717Sajal War2024-03-03T16:34:54Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox Military Conflict<br />
|conflict = Sajal War<br />
|partof =<br />
| image = Common soldier.jpg<br />
| caption = A common Mutulese soldier during the Sajal War<br />
|date = 1828 - 1839<br />
|place = [[Mutul]]<br />
|result = Royalist Victory<br />
*Capitulation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]<br />
*Reunification of the [[Mutul]]<br />
*Beginning of the Itzamnaaj Reformation<br />
|combatant1 = {{flag|Mutul|Royalists}}<br />
|combatant2 = {{flag|Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale}}<br />
|commander1 = [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] <br> [[Rabanij]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|Yax Kelem Pat]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|K'atun May]] <br> [[New Houses of the Mutul|Winik Pek]]<br />
|commander2 = [[Waxak B'alam Koj]] <br> [[Siol Chan Xiu]] <br> [[Sijal Ek]] <br> [[An Xook B'al]] <br> [[Bolon Chan B'alam]]<br />
|strength1 = 110,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|strength2 = ~200,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|casualties1 = 11,250 killed <br> 33,750 wounded or missing<br />
|casualties2 = 5,625 killed <br> 16,875 wounded or missing<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Sajal War''', also known as the '''War of the Frightfuls''' or '''Terrifying War''', was a civil war that opposed the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] of the [[Mutul]] and their loyalists against the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]. It lasted from 1828 with the Day of the Balconies (the murder of the Divine Lady [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] and the escape of her husband [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] with their son the crown prince [[B'alijaj Chan K'awiil II]]) to 1839 with the Redition of Itzamkan.<br />
<br />
The war happened in a context of political and economic decline of the Mutul which has seen its influence and and credit greatly diminished by lost wars against [[Tsurushima]] and [[Zacapican]]. Lady Ik' Jol rise to the throne came as a palace coup against the court faction that had taken control of the country under her father and brother's reigns. The reforms she promoted were an attempt to undermine the political power accumulated by the nobility over the 18th century but were cut short by her own assassination. It is remembered as the most brutal war in Mutulese history, one that has profoundly shaped the modern Mutul and created a clear historical cleavage between what came before and what came after the war.<br />
<br />
===Origins===<br />
<br />
Since the rule of [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil I]] in the early 18th century, the powers and authority of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] kept being limited by the ever more powerful merchant-aristocracy of the [[Mutul]]. Local and national assemblies became permanent legal institutions whom obtained a de-facto say on the Divine King's politics after much political troubles. The weakening of the [[Mutulese Ochran|Mutul's position in the West]] after the [[Tsurushima|Tsurushimese revolution]] of 1750 only exacerbated a conflict between a weakened monarchy and its nobility whom, inspired by both local and foreign thinkers, especially from [[Sante Reze]] developed a more {{wp|liberalism|liberal}} approach to both the economy and politics.<br />
<br />
In 1819, the [[Second War for Kahei]] started, threatening some of the merchant-aristocracy's positions in Ochran. In 1820, [[Wahlam B'alam V]] died in [[K'umarkaj]] after a decade long semi-exile ordered by the Sajal Holpop, the Nobility's Assembly, who had taken over [[K'alak Muul]]. His young son, [[Wahlam B'alam VI]], was brought back to the capital to be crowned and ruled as a puppet king for the Sajal Holpop. The same year, he died of illness and was succeeded by his elder sister, [[Lady Ik' Jol]]. Ik' Jol tried to restructure the [[Mutul|Divine Throne]] bureaucracy to limit the powers of the assemblies like the Sajal Holpop. In 1828, a conspiracy of Mutuleses aristocrats managed to murder the Divine Queen and her body was pushed from the balcony of [[K'alak Muul|her palace]]. The same day, her husband managed to escape from a similar murder plot and flee the capital with their son, the future [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]]. Legends have Itzamnaaj escape from another balcony of the royal palace. After this "Days of the Balconies", the Sajal Holpop proclaimed the end of the [[Mutul]] and the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
==Combattants==<br />
===Ilok'tab Loyalists===<br />
[[File:Mutul Flag.png|200px|thumb|The current [[Flag of the Mutul]] was created by Monarchists militias during the civil war]]<br />
After his escape from [[K'alak Muul]], [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]], king-consort of [[Ilok'tab Dynasty#Ik.27skull|Ik'skull]] gained [[K'umarkaj]], the traditional base of power of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and enthroned his son as [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]] while he himself took the position of Regent. He amassed around him an inner circle of friends, family members, and clients, and built from there his resistance to the Noble Republic. After a few months he moved his base of operation further east, as he gathered there the Divine Army, which had globally remained loyal to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|Ilok'tab]], alongside various loyalists militias he trained and organized into what would become the core of the Royalist army.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Loyalists was thus made of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and all associated lineages. {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} and {{wp|Mam people|Mam}} people had remained heavily tied to the Ilok'tab, tjeir countries too distant from the main hub of international trades with either [[Ajax|Ochran]] or [[Sante Reze]] to lose their dependence toward the central authorities. They would form the bulk of the troops and officers of the Royalists armies.<br />
<br />
The {{wp|Chibchan languages|Chibchans}} also became prominent in the Royalists armies. The countryside of the eastern regions was thorn appart by the heavy social changes that led to the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]] and had been especially plagued by riots or protests in support of traditional social organization and against the transition from the old Market System, directed by the State, to the more liberal system of self-governance of the Merchant-aristocracy promoted by the forces that formed the Republic. Itzamnaaj spend the early years of the war exploiting this divide between the new middle class that had appeared since the 1700s and the countryside. It's this work of "recuperation" of the Chibchans and Lencas regions, and the promises made at the time, that layed the basis for the future Itzamnaaj Reformation, post-war.<br />
<br />
In the Xuman Peninsula and the central regions, support toward the Royalists or the Republicans changed from town to town, from family to family. Old rivalries and dynastic conflicts came to feed the civil war, from local ancestral vendettas, to mistrust toward the [[Yajawil of Kanol|Tatinak]] and {{wp|Chontal Maya|Yokot'an}} aristocracies who were the main backers of the Noble Republic. Ultimately, these regions would become part of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]], but would remain plagued by insurrections and protests the Royalists were able to turn into pro-Ilok'tab movements. The current [[flag of the Mutul]], the Yax-Sak-Kan, was notably created as a pro-Ilok'tab flag by {{wp|Ch'ol|K'ol}} militias.<br />
<br />
===Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale===<br />
[[File:Seal of the Republic of the Rio Grande.svg|200px|thumb|The blason used by the Noble Republic's military. The white and black, representing the north and the west respectively, were often replaced by green, which represented unity]]<br />
<br />
The Republic's power-base was made of the middle class and the merchant-aristocracy everywhere in the country. It was especially well established in the [[Yajawil of Kanol]] and the East in general, where trans-Makrian trade had led to the emergence of a wealthy "modern" society that had the time to stabilize itself as it had existed for more than 200 years by the time of the Sajal War. A similar but much younger analogue society had emerged in the East after the [[Sante Reze]] revolution of 1701 that opened the trans-Thalassian trade routes to the Mutuleses merchant-nobility. While even more radical in its support of the Noble Republic than the "West", the "East" also proved to be the weak link of the Republicans, as it's relatively recent emergence meant that it was still full of contradictions, paradoxes, and social divides on which the Royalists managed to play to gain the upper-hand.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Noble Republic was made entirely by the old merchant-nobility of the [[Mutul]] that had complete control over local leaderships and national financial markets. They were backed by all the smaller-scale merchants and urban middle classes that had come to depend on the Trans-Makrian and Trans-Thalassian trades for their livelihood. However, except in the west, their power quickly dwindled outside of urban centers and they had barely, if any, control over the countrysides of the north, center, and east of the countries, where local priest-bureaucrats, often nobles of their own but removed from the financial circles reserved to the high aristocracy, became a constant source of defiance and opposition to the Republic, if not outright turned to insurrections, quickly re-appropriated by the royalists.<br />
<br />
==Course of the war==<br />
===Exile and constitution of the Regency===<br />
[[File:Big pillars.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Chilok'tab Palace]] served as the K'uhul Ajaw residence throughout the war.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, as baptized by the Republicans, [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] was able to flee [[K'alak Muul]] with his son, the future [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil II]] and a handful of supporters. On their way they stopped at [[Sakal Witz]] where they were able to gain the support of the [[White Mountain Society|priests of the White Mountain]] which allowed them to continue their journey southward to [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumakah]]. Itzamnaaj established his son in the Palace of [[Chilok'tab]], a suburb of Kumakah and a site with 800 years old ties to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]]. It's there that he proclaimed his son the new [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|Divine Lord]] and placed himself as his regent before granting himself the status of Regent.<br />
<br />
Kumakah, and the rest of the eponymous viceroyalty, proved more than receptive and dedicated to the Royalist cause. Chief among these supporters were the House of Achi, Itzamnaaj' own clan, the religious institutions, temples and sanctuaries, of the region, as well as other leading lineages chief among them the [[House of Koyol]] one of the four great K'iche houses and strong actors of the Mutul industry. The four "House of Iximte", the Zotzil, Xahil, Tukuche, and Akajal, were less immediately agreeable to the Regent' project for a civil war but ultimately sided with him. This convinced the "House of Pokom" (Xin, Palak, Puj, Batz, and Tik) and thus the two viceroyalties immediately to the east of Kumakah tied to them, to also follow the Regent' cause although popular and aristocratic support was weaker at first. To the west, the Yajawil of Mamk'ab would proclaim itself almost immediately in support of the Divine Monarchy: the Mam people had long been ruled directly by the Ilok'tab and they've been an important pool of recruitment for soldiers and clerks.<br />
<br />
But beyond a strong base of support, by seizing Kumakah Itzamanaaj and his partisans also seized control of its Chocolate Mills and its royal prints, granting them the ability to continue to emit their own currency, collect taxes in the Viceroyalties controlled, and emit loans and war bonds. The Regent was thus able to secure the loyalty and the discipline of the Southern Army tasked with controlling the Mountain Passes between the Mutul and [[Sante Reze]], but also the border with [[Zacapican]]. Leaving behind only a token force, the royalists thus acquired a core professional force of around 30,000 men. This they completed by calling to arms the "Faithfuls" and forming "People Blessed Armies": militias partially supervised by officers drawn for the southern military, old veterans (recruited in priority), and other charismatic local leaders. At this stage of the war, the Royalists were able to create the Achi People' Army, the Mam People Army, three K'iche people armies, and two Pokom people armies, which represented an auxiliary force estimated between 70,000 and 300,000 men depending on historians as records and claims often contradict each others and not all commissioned officers, tasked with recruiting their own men, were willing or able to keep track of their own numbers. Nowadays, a number between 90,000 and 110,000 militias is more often used and cited.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation and first campaigns of the Noble Republic===<br />
[[File:Central acropolis.jpg|200px|thumb|The [[Chak Yaxnah Ho’kan]] before its destruction during the war. The royal house had become the Three Estates' meeting place.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, the Assembly of Aristocrats began negotiations with its two counterparts (the Assembly of Clerics and the Assembly of Elders) to set the basis of a new state. They propose that the three Assemblies declare [[Lady Ik' Jol]] to have been an illegitimate ruler who took power through the murder of the rightful Divine Lord her brother [[Wahlam B'alam VI]] and that the ritual to divinize her own blood has never worked as the gods had disapproved her acts. The gathered assemblies were not necessarily opposed to the proposal, but a divide appeared between those who wished to look for a new successor and the radical few who wished to create a new state with no Divine Lord.<br />
<br />
In these days of confusion, control over the putschists faction was assumed by the Viceroy of Chaknal, [[Waxak B'alam Koj]], the Viceroy of [[Yajawil of Oxmal|Oxmal]], [[Siol Chan Xiu]], and the two Admirals (''Ajaw Ha'': Waterlords) of the Mutul: [[Sijal Ek]] and [[An Xook B'al]]. They gathered urgently in the aftermath of the coup and decided that Waxak B'alam Koj would stay in [[K'alak Muul]] to control the situation there while Sijal Ek and An Xook B'al would go to the [[Yu]] and [[Puylum]] respectively to gain the support of the west and east of the Mutul and gather armies there. The task of pursuing Itzamnaaj and the crown prince thus fell on Siol Chan Xiu who led 3,000 men out of the capital to stop the royal escort. However, he failed to do so before Itzamnaaj reached [[Sakal Witz]] which refused to give up the Divine Lord to his pursuers. Siol Chan Xiu did not challenge the city directly, instead returning to Apikal, modern Yajawil of K'ekchi, to gather a larger army while leaving behind roughly a 1,000 men to control the ways out of Sakal Witz. This troop harassed and followed Itzamnaaj and his strengthened escort after they left the city to continue their way south, but was ultimately unable to stop them and had to retreat and regroup with the rest of Siol Chan Xiu' new army.<br />
<br />
===White Mountain Campaign===<br />
Siol Chan Xiu returned to the Central Mountains at the head of a new army. The professional core was made of soldiers who participated in the coup and Marine Riflemen, the naval forces of the Mutul having sided almost entirely with the Republicans. To these estimated 10,000 veterans new recruits were added forming an army of 45,000 or so men separated into five regiments of nine columns each. Each column represented roughly a thousand men and were divided into uneven numbers of companies, each led by a Captain chartered to recruit and lead his own men as per the Mutul' practices at the time and an habit shared with the royalists.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj was still organizing his Regency, gathering his supports, and recruiting new troops and could not directly influence the battle. The defense of Sakal Witz was thus organized mainly by the [[White Mountain Society]], the inhabitants, as well as volunteers from the rest of the Central Mountains, and mainly from the Blood Hills to the northwest of the city, whose religious dedication to the protection of the holy city could not compensate their lack of weaponry and training. After three weeks of battle and siege, the city fell and was sacked by the Republicans. The Central Mountains now secured, Siol Chan Xiu was free to continue his campaign southward.<br />
<br />
===Nojkab'al Campaign===<br />
[[File:VolcanesdeGuatemala00 D.png|200px|thumb|Sleeping volcanoes in the Central Mountains]]<br />
The battle of Sakal Witz was a setback for the Royalists. Itzamnaaj had led a relief force but arrived to the Central Mountains too late: the city had already fallen. Gathering up some of the militias and volunteers that had fled south, he entrenched his men in the main passes between the Central Mountains and the Viceroyalty of Nojkab'al, the last stretch of land before Kumakah and the K'iche lands.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj had brought an estimated 60,000 men with him and was defending the five passes known to be suitable for military forces. The Republicans were thus outnumbered but lack of reliable information and weapons had led the Regent to take a purely defensive position while waiting for further reinforcements. At first, Siol Chan Xiu placed a regiment in front of each passes before discretly gathering almost all of his men to the westernmost pass and launching an assault there, leaving only token forces elsewhere. The 40,000 men stormed the 12,000 badly armed Royalists and took control of the pass. Fearing a potential exploitation of this breach, Itzamnaaj abandoned the passes and deployed his troops deeper in Nojkab'al.<br />
<br />
Not daring to confront the Republicans directly, Itzamnaaj resorted to waging an assymetric warfare to which his men were better prepared. Siol Chan Xiu was able to reach [[Takalik]], the Viceroyalty Capital and Itzamnaaj refuge, but a lack of supply, diseases, and constant harassment by the Royalists pushed him to retreat back to the passes. Itzamnaaj continued to harass the departing Republicans but did not press further before more rifles and ammunitions had reached him. It's only with 10,000 more men and decent artillery support that he tried to take back control of the passes. However, the Republicans had the time to entrench themselves and all the Royalists assaults failed. The Nojkab'al front would remain active in 1829 when Republicans launched a second campaign to take over Nojkab'al but Itzamnaaj' officers had learned their lessons from the previous year and improved on their defense-in-depth. By 1830, it became clear to all that the central theater of the war was frozen.<br />
<br />
==Consequences==<br />
<br />
{{Mutul Topics|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:Civil war]]<br />
[[category:War]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Raxakan&diff=775715Raxakan2024-03-03T16:19:16Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
| embed = <br />
| name = Raxakan<br />
| title = {{wp|Achi people|Prince of the Achi}}<br />
| titletext = <br />
| more = <br />
| type = <br />
| image = KingTaksinfromItalymuseum.JPG<br />
| image_size = 175px<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
<br />
| succession = [[Yajawil of Kuhmakah|Yajaw of K'umakah]]<br />
| moretext = <br />
| reign = {{nowrap|28 December 1901 – 6 April 1931}}<br />
| reign-type = <br />
| coronation = <br />
| cor-type = <br />
| predecessor = [[TBD]]<br />
| pre-type = <br />
| successor = [[TBD]]<br />
| suc-type = <br />
| regent = <br />
| reg-type = <br />
<br />
| succession1 = [[Mutulese Army|Southern 3rd Division' Ajaw K'atun]]<br />
| moretext1 =<br />
| reign1 = {{nowrap|01 March 1883 – 28 December 1901}}<br />
| reign-type1 = <br />
| coronation1 = <br />
| cor-type1 = <br />
| predecessor1 = [[TBD]]<br />
| pre-type1 = <br />
| successor1 = [[TBD]]<br />
| suc-type1 = <br />
| regent1 = <br />
| reg-type1 = <br />
<br />
| succession2 = [[Mutulese Army|Southern 18th Brigade' Poptun]]<br />
| moretext2 = <br />
| reign2 = {{nowrap|25 December 1877 – 01 March 1883}}<br />
| reign-type2 = <br />
| coronation2 = <br />
| cor-type2 = <br />
| predecessor2 = [[TBD]]<br />
| pre-type2 = <br />
| successor2 = [[TBD]]<br />
| suc-type2 = <br />
| regent2 = <br />
| reg-type2 = <br />
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| succession3 =<br />
| moretext3 = <br />
| reign3 = <br />
| reign-type3 = <br />
| coronation3 = <br />
| cor-type3 = <br />
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| pre-type3 = <br />
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| suc-type3 = <br />
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| reg-type3 = <br />
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<!-- succession4 to succession9 are also available --> <br />
<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1852|04|17|df=yes}} <!-- {{birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} --><br />
| birth_place = [[Chak Yaxnah Hokan]], [[K'alak Muul]]<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|1933|04|26|1852|04|17|df=yes}} <!-- {{death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} --><br />
| death_place = [[K'umahkah]], [[Yajawil of K'umahkah]]<br />
| burial_date = <br />
| burial_place = <br />
| spouse = [[TBD]]<br />
| spouse-type = spouse<br />
| consort = yes <!-- yes or no --><br />
| issue = {{startplainlist}} <!--list children in order of birth. Use {{plainlist}} or {{unbulleted list}} --><br />
<br />
{{endplainlist}}<br />
| issue-link = <br />
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| posthumous name= <br />
| temple name = <br />
| house = [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|Second House of Achipop]]<br />
| house-type = <br />
| father = [[B'alijaj Chan K'awiil II]]<br />
| mother = [[Sahil Sama]]<br />
| occupation = <br />
| signature_type = <br />
| signature = <br />
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<br />
'''Raxakan''' (Born 17 April 1852, died 26 April 1933) was a [[Mutul]]ese military officer, administrator, and [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|royal prince]]. He was the second son of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] [[B'alijaj Chan K'awiil II]] and also his lastborn. He studied at the Military School of [[K'alak Muul]] before joining the military as a Poptun, the equivalent of a {{wp|Colonel}}. After six years he was promoted to the rank of {{wp|Divisional general|Ajaw K'atun}} which he would keep until he was nominated by his niece to the position of [[Yajawil of K'umakah|Viceroy of K'umakah]] in 1901. He would be maintained in this position until his death in 1933.<br />
<br />
Because of an agreement between his [[B'alijaj Chan K'awiil II|father]] and [[Itzamnaaj B'alam|grandfather]], Raxakan ended up not being counted among the members of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|Ilok'tab Lineage]]. His grandfather was the oldest son in his own family, but agreed when marrying [[Lady Ik' Jol]] that his sons would be counted among the Ilok'tab and that instead the House of Achipop would be inherited by his younger brother. Unfortunately, said brother died and [[B'alijaj Chan K'awiil II]] was an only child. It was then agreed that B'alijaj oldest son would continue the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]], while his second son would carry on the name of the [[Achipop Lineage]]. <br />
<br />
The modern [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|Second House of Achipop]] is thus a branch of the Ilok'tab Dynasty and they count Raxakan as their dynastic ancestor. They are still influential in the politics of the Divine Kingdom, and most of them are counted among the [[Divine Throne|Dynastic Relatives]] of the K'uhul Ajaw at [[K'alak Muul]]' court.<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:People]]<br />
[[category:Royalty]]<br />
[[category:Ilok'tab Dynasty]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Sajal_War&diff=775712Sajal War2024-03-03T16:11:27Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox Military Conflict<br />
|conflict = Sajal War<br />
|partof =<br />
| image = Common soldier.jpg<br />
| caption = A common Mutulese soldier during the Sajal War<br />
|date = 1828 - 1839<br />
|place = [[Mutul]]<br />
|result = Royalist Victory<br />
*Capitulation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]<br />
*Reunification of the [[Mutul]]<br />
*Beginning of the Itzamnaaj Reformation<br />
|combatant1 = {{flag|Mutul|Royalists}}<br />
|combatant2 = {{flag|Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale}}<br />
|commander1 = [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]]<br />
|commander2 = [[Waxak B'alam Koj]] <br> [[Siol Chan Xiu]] <br> [[Sijal Ek]] <br> [[An Xook B'al]] <br> [[Bolon Chan B'alam]]<br />
|strength1 = 110,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|strength2 = ~200,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|casualties1 = 11,250 killed <br> 33,750 wounded or missing<br />
|casualties2 = 5,625 killed <br> 16,875 wounded or missing<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Sajal War''', also known as the '''War of the Frightfuls''' or '''Terrifying War''', was a civil war that opposed the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] of the [[Mutul]] and their loyalists against the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]. It lasted from 1828 with the Day of the Balconies (the murder of the Divine Lady [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] and the escape of her husband [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] with their son the crown prince [[B'alijaj Chan K'awiil II]]) to 1839 with the Redition of Itzamkan.<br />
<br />
The war happened in a context of political and economic decline of the Mutul which has seen its influence and and credit greatly diminished by lost wars against [[Tsurushima]] and [[Zacapican]]. Lady Ik' Jol rise to the throne came as a palace coup against the court faction that had taken control of the country under her father and brother's reigns. The reforms she promoted were an attempt to undermine the political power accumulated by the nobility over the 18th century but were cut short by her own assassination. It is remembered as the most brutal war in Mutulese history, one that has profoundly shaped the modern Mutul and created a clear historical cleavage between what came before and what came after the war.<br />
<br />
===Origins===<br />
<br />
Since the rule of [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil I]] in the early 18th century, the powers and authority of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] kept being limited by the ever more powerful merchant-aristocracy of the [[Mutul]]. Local and national assemblies became permanent legal institutions whom obtained a de-facto say on the Divine King's politics after much political troubles. The weakening of the [[Mutulese Ochran|Mutul's position in the West]] after the [[Tsurushima|Tsurushimese revolution]] of 1750 only exacerbated a conflict between a weakened monarchy and its nobility whom, inspired by both local and foreign thinkers, especially from [[Sante Reze]] developed a more {{wp|liberalism|liberal}} approach to both the economy and politics.<br />
<br />
In 1819, the [[Second War for Kahei]] started, threatening some of the merchant-aristocracy's positions in Ochran. In 1820, [[Wahlam B'alam V]] died in [[K'umarkaj]] after a decade long semi-exile ordered by the Sajal Holpop, the Nobility's Assembly, who had taken over [[K'alak Muul]]. His young son, [[Wahlam B'alam VI]], was brought back to the capital to be crowned and ruled as a puppet king for the Sajal Holpop. The same year, he died of illness and was succeeded by his elder sister, [[Lady Ik' Jol]]. Ik' Jol tried to restructure the [[Mutul|Divine Throne]] bureaucracy to limit the powers of the assemblies like the Sajal Holpop. In 1828, a conspiracy of Mutuleses aristocrats managed to murder the Divine Queen and her body was pushed from the balcony of [[K'alak Muul|her palace]]. The same day, her husband managed to escape from a similar murder plot and flee the capital with their son, the future [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]]. Legends have Itzamnaaj escape from another balcony of the royal palace. After this "Days of the Balconies", the Sajal Holpop proclaimed the end of the [[Mutul]] and the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
==Combattants==<br />
===Ilok'tab Loyalists===<br />
[[File:Mutul Flag.png|200px|thumb|The current [[Flag of the Mutul]] was created by Monarchists militias during the civil war]]<br />
After his escape from [[K'alak Muul]], [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]], king-consort of [[Ilok'tab Dynasty#Ik.27skull|Ik'skull]] gained [[K'umarkaj]], the traditional base of power of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and enthroned his son as [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]] while he himself took the position of Regent. He amassed around him an inner circle of friends, family members, and clients, and built from there his resistance to the Noble Republic. After a few months he moved his base of operation further east, as he gathered there the Divine Army, which had globally remained loyal to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|Ilok'tab]], alongside various loyalists militias he trained and organized into what would become the core of the Royalist army.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Loyalists was thus made of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and all associated lineages. {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} and {{wp|Mam people|Mam}} people had remained heavily tied to the Ilok'tab, tjeir countries too distant from the main hub of international trades with either [[Ajax|Ochran]] or [[Sante Reze]] to lose their dependence toward the central authorities. They would form the bulk of the troops and officers of the Royalists armies.<br />
<br />
The {{wp|Chibchan languages|Chibchans}} also became prominent in the Royalists armies. The countryside of the eastern regions was thorn appart by the heavy social changes that led to the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]] and had been especially plagued by riots or protests in support of traditional social organization and against the transition from the old Market System, directed by the State, to the more liberal system of self-governance of the Merchant-aristocracy promoted by the forces that formed the Republic. Itzamnaaj spend the early years of the war exploiting this divide between the new middle class that had appeared since the 1700s and the countryside. It's this work of "recuperation" of the Chibchans and Lencas regions, and the promises made at the time, that layed the basis for the future Itzamnaaj Reformation, post-war.<br />
<br />
In the Xuman Peninsula and the central regions, support toward the Royalists or the Republicans changed from town to town, from family to family. Old rivalries and dynastic conflicts came to feed the civil war, from local ancestral vendettas, to mistrust toward the [[Yajawil of Kanol|Tatinak]] and {{wp|Chontal Maya|Yokot'an}} aristocracies who were the main backers of the Noble Republic. Ultimately, these regions would become part of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]], but would remain plagued by insurrections and protests the Royalists were able to turn into pro-Ilok'tab movements. The current [[flag of the Mutul]], the Yax-Sak-Kan, was notably created as a pro-Ilok'tab flag by {{wp|Ch'ol|K'ol}} militias.<br />
<br />
===Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale===<br />
[[File:Seal of the Republic of the Rio Grande.svg|200px|thumb|The blason used by the Noble Republic's military. The white and black, representing the north and the west respectively, were often replaced by green, which represented unity]]<br />
<br />
The Republic's power-base was made of the middle class and the merchant-aristocracy everywhere in the country. It was especially well established in the [[Yajawil of Kanol]] and the East in general, where trans-Makrian trade had led to the emergence of a wealthy "modern" society that had the time to stabilize itself as it had existed for more than 200 years by the time of the Sajal War. A similar but much younger analogue society had emerged in the East after the [[Sante Reze]] revolution of 1701 that opened the trans-Thalassian trade routes to the Mutuleses merchant-nobility. While even more radical in its support of the Noble Republic than the "West", the "East" also proved to be the weak link of the Republicans, as it's relatively recent emergence meant that it was still full of contradictions, paradoxes, and social divides on which the Royalists managed to play to gain the upper-hand.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Noble Republic was made entirely by the old merchant-nobility of the [[Mutul]] that had complete control over local leaderships and national financial markets. They were backed by all the smaller-scale merchants and urban middle classes that had come to depend on the Trans-Makrian and Trans-Thalassian trades for their livelihood. However, except in the west, their power quickly dwindled outside of urban centers and they had barely, if any, control over the countrysides of the north, center, and east of the countries, where local priest-bureaucrats, often nobles of their own but removed from the financial circles reserved to the high aristocracy, became a constant source of defiance and opposition to the Republic, if not outright turned to insurrections, quickly re-appropriated by the royalists.<br />
<br />
==Course of the war==<br />
===Exile and constitution of the Regency===<br />
[[File:Big pillars.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Chilok'tab Palace]] served as the K'uhul Ajaw residence throughout the war.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, as baptized by the Republicans, [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] was able to flee [[K'alak Muul]] with his son, the future [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil II]] and a handful of supporters. On their way they stopped at [[Sakal Witz]] where they were able to gain the support of the [[White Mountain Society|priests of the White Mountain]] which allowed them to continue their journey southward to [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumakah]]. Itzamnaaj established his son in the Palace of [[Chilok'tab]], a suburb of Kumakah and a site with 800 years old ties to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]]. It's there that he proclaimed his son the new [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|Divine Lord]] and placed himself as his regent before granting himself the status of Regent.<br />
<br />
Kumakah, and the rest of the eponymous viceroyalty, proved more than receptive and dedicated to the Royalist cause. Chief among these supporters were the House of Achi, Itzamnaaj' own clan, the religious institutions, temples and sanctuaries, of the region, as well as other leading lineages chief among them the [[House of Koyol]] one of the four great K'iche houses and strong actors of the Mutul industry. The four "House of Iximte", the Zotzil, Xahil, Tukuche, and Akajal, were less immediately agreeable to the Regent' project for a civil war but ultimately sided with him. This convinced the "House of Pokom" (Xin, Palak, Puj, Batz, and Tik) and thus the two viceroyalties immediately to the east of Kumakah tied to them, to also follow the Regent' cause although popular and aristocratic support was weaker at first. To the west, the Yajawil of Mamk'ab would proclaim itself almost immediately in support of the Divine Monarchy: the Mam people had long been ruled directly by the Ilok'tab and they've been an important pool of recruitment for soldiers and clerks.<br />
<br />
But beyond a strong base of support, by seizing Kumakah Itzamanaaj and his partisans also seized control of its Chocolate Mills and its royal prints, granting them the ability to continue to emit their own currency, collect taxes in the Viceroyalties controlled, and emit loans and war bonds. The Regent was thus able to secure the loyalty and the discipline of the Southern Army tasked with controlling the Mountain Passes between the Mutul and [[Sante Reze]], but also the border with [[Zacapican]]. Leaving behind only a token force, the royalists thus acquired a core professional force of around 30,000 men. This they completed by calling to arms the "Faithfuls" and forming "People Blessed Armies": militias partially supervised by officers drawn for the southern military, old veterans (recruited in priority), and other charismatic local leaders. At this stage of the war, the Royalists were able to create the Achi People' Army, the Mam People Army, three K'iche people armies, and two Pokom people armies, which represented an auxiliary force estimated between 70,000 and 300,000 men depending on historians as records and claims often contradict each others and not all commissioned officers, tasked with recruiting their own men, were willing or able to keep track of their own numbers. Nowadays, a number between 90,000 and 110,000 militias is more often used and cited.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation and first campaigns of the Noble Republic===<br />
[[File:Central acropolis.jpg|200px|thumb|The [[Chak Yaxnah Ho’kan]] before its destruction during the war. The royal house had become the Three Estates' meeting place.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, the Assembly of Aristocrats began negotiations with its two counterparts (the Assembly of Clerics and the Assembly of Elders) to set the basis of a new state. They propose that the three Assemblies declare [[Lady Ik' Jol]] to have been an illegitimate ruler who took power through the murder of the rightful Divine Lord her brother [[Wahlam B'alam VI]] and that the ritual to divinize her own blood has never worked as the gods had disapproved her acts. The gathered assemblies were not necessarily opposed to the proposal, but a divide appeared between those who wished to look for a new successor and the radical few who wished to create a new state with no Divine Lord.<br />
<br />
In these days of confusion, control over the putschists faction was assumed by the Viceroy of Chaknal, [[Waxak B'alam Koj]], the Viceroy of [[Yajawil of Oxmal|Oxmal]], [[Siol Chan Xiu]], and the two Admirals (''Ajaw Ha'': Waterlords) of the Mutul: [[Sijal Ek]] and [[An Xook B'al]]. They gathered urgently in the aftermath of the coup and decided that Waxak B'alam Koj would stay in [[K'alak Muul]] to control the situation there while Sijal Ek and An Xook B'al would go to the [[Yu]] and [[Puylum]] respectively to gain the support of the west and east of the Mutul and gather armies there. The task of pursuing Itzamnaaj and the crown prince thus fell on Siol Chan Xiu who led 3,000 men out of the capital to stop the royal escort. However, he failed to do so before Itzamnaaj reached [[Sakal Witz]] which refused to give up the Divine Lord to his pursuers. Siol Chan Xiu did not challenge the city directly, instead returning to Apikal, modern Yajawil of K'ekchi, to gather a larger army while leaving behind roughly a 1,000 men to control the ways out of Sakal Witz. This troop harassed and followed Itzamnaaj and his strengthened escort after they left the city to continue their way south, but was ultimately unable to stop them and had to retreat and regroup with the rest of Siol Chan Xiu' new army.<br />
<br />
===White Mountain Campaign===<br />
Siol Chan Xiu returned to the Central Mountains at the head of a new army. The professional core was made of soldiers who participated in the coup and Marine Riflemen, the naval forces of the Mutul having sided almost entirely with the Republicans. To these estimated 10,000 veterans new recruits were added forming an army of 45,000 or so men separated into five regiments of nine columns each. Each column represented roughly a thousand men and were divided into uneven numbers of companies, each led by a Captain chartered to recruit and lead his own men as per the Mutul' practices at the time and an habit shared with the royalists.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj was still organizing his Regency, gathering his supports, and recruiting new troops and could not directly influence the battle. The defense of Sakal Witz was thus organized mainly by the [[White Mountain Society]], the inhabitants, as well as volunteers from the rest of the Central Mountains, and mainly from the Blood Hills to the northwest of the city, whose religious dedication to the protection of the holy city could not compensate their lack of weaponry and training. After three weeks of battle and siege, the city fell and was sacked by the Republicans. The Central Mountains now secured, Siol Chan Xiu was free to continue his campaign southward.<br />
<br />
===Nojkab'al Campaign===<br />
[[File:VolcanesdeGuatemala00 D.png|200px|thumb|Sleeping volcanoes in the Central Mountains]]<br />
The battle of Sakal Witz was a setback for the Royalists. Itzamnaaj had led a relief force but arrived to the Central Mountains too late: the city had already fallen. Gathering up some of the militias and volunteers that had fled south, he entrenched his men in the main passes between the Central Mountains and the Viceroyalty of Nojkab'al, the last stretch of land before Kumakah and the K'iche lands.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj had brought an estimated 60,000 men with him and was defending the five passes known to be suitable for military forces. The Republicans were thus outnumbered but lack of reliable information and weapons had led the Regent to take a purely defensive position while waiting for further reinforcements. At first, Siol Chan Xiu placed a regiment in front of each passes before discretly gathering almost all of his men to the westernmost pass and launching an assault there, leaving only token forces elsewhere. The 40,000 men stormed the 12,000 badly armed Royalists and took control of the pass. Fearing a potential exploitation of this breach, Itzamnaaj abandoned the passes and deployed his troops deeper in Nojkab'al.<br />
<br />
Not daring to confront the Republicans directly, Itzamnaaj resorted to waging an assymetric warfare to which his men were better prepared. Siol Chan Xiu was able to reach [[Takalik]], the Viceroyalty Capital and Itzamnaaj refuge, but a lack of supply, diseases, and constant harassment by the Royalists pushed him to retreat back to the passes. Itzamnaaj continued to harass the departing Republicans but did not press further before more rifles and ammunitions had reached him. It's only with 10,000 more men and decent artillery support that he tried to take back control of the passes. However, the Republicans had the time to entrench themselves and all the Royalists assaults failed. The Nojkab'al front would remain active in 1829 when Republicans launched a second campaign to take over Nojkab'al but Itzamnaaj' officers had learned their lessons from the previous year and improved on their defense-in-depth. By 1830, it became clear to all that the central theater of the war was frozen.<br />
<br />
==Consequences==<br />
<br />
{{Mutul Topics|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:Civil war]]<br />
[[category:War]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Sajal_War&diff=775653Sajal War2024-03-03T15:35:29Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox Military Conflict<br />
|conflict = Sajal War<br />
|partof =<br />
| image = Common soldier.jpg<br />
| caption = A common Mutulese soldier during the Sajal War<br />
|date = 1828 - 1839<br />
|place = [[Mutul]]<br />
|result = Royalist Victory<br />
*Capitulation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]<br />
*Reunification of the [[Mutul]]<br />
*Beginning of the Itzamnaaj Reformation<br />
|combatant1 = {{flag|Mutul|Royalists}}<br />
|combatant2 = {{flag|Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale}}<br />
|commander1 = [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]]<br />
|commander2 = [[Waxak B'alam Koj]] <br> [[Siol Chan Xiu]] <br> [[Sijal Ek]] <br> [[An Xook B'al]] <br> [[Bolon Chan B'alam]]<br />
|strength1 = 110,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|strength2 = ~200,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|casualties1 = 6,250 killed <br> 18,750 wounded<br />
|casualties2 =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Sajal War''', also known as the '''War of the Frightfuls''' or '''Terrifying War''', was a civil war that opposed the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] of the [[Mutul]] and their loyalists against the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]. It lasted from 1828 with the Day of the Balconies (the murder of the Divine Lady [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] and the escape of her husband [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] with their son the crown prince [[B'alijaj Chan K'awiil II]]) to 1839 with the Redition of Itzamkan.<br />
<br />
The war happened in a context of political and economic decline of the Mutul which has seen its influence and and credit greatly diminished by lost wars against [[Tsurushima]] and [[Zacapican]]. Lady Ik' Jol rise to the throne came as a palace coup against the court faction that had taken control of the country under her father and brother's reigns. The reforms she promoted were an attempt to undermine the political power accumulated by the nobility over the 18th century but were cut short by her own assassination. It is remembered as the most brutal war in Mutulese history, one that has profoundly shaped the modern Mutul and created a clear historical cleavage between what came before and what came after the war.<br />
<br />
===Origins===<br />
<br />
Since the rule of [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil I]] in the early 18th century, the powers and authority of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] kept being limited by the ever more powerful merchant-aristocracy of the [[Mutul]]. Local and national assemblies became permanent legal institutions whom obtained a de-facto say on the Divine King's politics after much political troubles. The weakening of the [[Mutulese Ochran|Mutul's position in the West]] after the [[Tsurushima|Tsurushimese revolution]] of 1750 only exacerbated a conflict between a weakened monarchy and its nobility whom, inspired by both local and foreign thinkers, especially from [[Sante Reze]] developed a more {{wp|liberalism|liberal}} approach to both the economy and politics.<br />
<br />
In 1819, the [[Second War for Kahei]] started, threatening some of the merchant-aristocracy's positions in Ochran. In 1820, [[Wahlam B'alam V]] died in [[K'umarkaj]] after a decade long semi-exile ordered by the Sajal Holpop, the Nobility's Assembly, who had taken over [[K'alak Muul]]. His young son, [[Wahlam B'alam VI]], was brought back to the capital to be crowned and ruled as a puppet king for the Sajal Holpop. The same year, he died of illness and was succeeded by his elder sister, [[Lady Ik' Jol]]. Ik' Jol tried to restructure the [[Mutul|Divine Throne]] bureaucracy to limit the powers of the assemblies like the Sajal Holpop. In 1828, a conspiracy of Mutuleses aristocrats managed to murder the Divine Queen and her body was pushed from the balcony of [[K'alak Muul|her palace]]. The same day, her husband managed to escape from a similar murder plot and flee the capital with their son, the future [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]]. Legends have Itzamnaaj escape from another balcony of the royal palace. After this "Days of the Balconies", the Sajal Holpop proclaimed the end of the [[Mutul]] and the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
==Combattants==<br />
===Ilok'tab Loyalists===<br />
[[File:Mutul Flag.png|200px|thumb|The current [[Flag of the Mutul]] was created by Monarchists militias during the civil war]]<br />
After his escape from [[K'alak Muul]], [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]], king-consort of [[Ilok'tab Dynasty#Ik.27skull|Ik'skull]] gained [[K'umarkaj]], the traditional base of power of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and enthroned his son as [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]] while he himself took the position of Regent. He amassed around him an inner circle of friends, family members, and clients, and built from there his resistance to the Noble Republic. After a few months he moved his base of operation further east, as he gathered there the Divine Army, which had globally remained loyal to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|Ilok'tab]], alongside various loyalists militias he trained and organized into what would become the core of the Royalist army.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Loyalists was thus made of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and all associated lineages. {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} and {{wp|Mam people|Mam}} people had remained heavily tied to the Ilok'tab, tjeir countries too distant from the main hub of international trades with either [[Ajax|Ochran]] or [[Sante Reze]] to lose their dependence toward the central authorities. They would form the bulk of the troops and officers of the Royalists armies.<br />
<br />
The {{wp|Chibchan languages|Chibchans}} also became prominent in the Royalists armies. The countryside of the eastern regions was thorn appart by the heavy social changes that led to the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]] and had been especially plagued by riots or protests in support of traditional social organization and against the transition from the old Market System, directed by the State, to the more liberal system of self-governance of the Merchant-aristocracy promoted by the forces that formed the Republic. Itzamnaaj spend the early years of the war exploiting this divide between the new middle class that had appeared since the 1700s and the countryside. It's this work of "recuperation" of the Chibchans and Lencas regions, and the promises made at the time, that layed the basis for the future Itzamnaaj Reformation, post-war.<br />
<br />
In the Xuman Peninsula and the central regions, support toward the Royalists or the Republicans changed from town to town, from family to family. Old rivalries and dynastic conflicts came to feed the civil war, from local ancestral vendettas, to mistrust toward the [[Yajawil of Kanol|Tatinak]] and {{wp|Chontal Maya|Yokot'an}} aristocracies who were the main backers of the Noble Republic. Ultimately, these regions would become part of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]], but would remain plagued by insurrections and protests the Royalists were able to turn into pro-Ilok'tab movements. The current [[flag of the Mutul]], the Yax-Sak-Kan, was notably created as a pro-Ilok'tab flag by {{wp|Ch'ol|K'ol}} militias.<br />
<br />
===Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale===<br />
[[File:Seal of the Republic of the Rio Grande.svg|200px|thumb|The blason used by the Noble Republic's military. The white and black, representing the north and the west respectively, were often replaced by green, which represented unity]]<br />
<br />
The Republic's power-base was made of the middle class and the merchant-aristocracy everywhere in the country. It was especially well established in the [[Yajawil of Kanol]] and the East in general, where trans-Makrian trade had led to the emergence of a wealthy "modern" society that had the time to stabilize itself as it had existed for more than 200 years by the time of the Sajal War. A similar but much younger analogue society had emerged in the East after the [[Sante Reze]] revolution of 1701 that opened the trans-Thalassian trade routes to the Mutuleses merchant-nobility. While even more radical in its support of the Noble Republic than the "West", the "East" also proved to be the weak link of the Republicans, as it's relatively recent emergence meant that it was still full of contradictions, paradoxes, and social divides on which the Royalists managed to play to gain the upper-hand.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Noble Republic was made entirely by the old merchant-nobility of the [[Mutul]] that had complete control over local leaderships and national financial markets. They were backed by all the smaller-scale merchants and urban middle classes that had come to depend on the Trans-Makrian and Trans-Thalassian trades for their livelihood. However, except in the west, their power quickly dwindled outside of urban centers and they had barely, if any, control over the countrysides of the north, center, and east of the countries, where local priest-bureaucrats, often nobles of their own but removed from the financial circles reserved to the high aristocracy, became a constant source of defiance and opposition to the Republic, if not outright turned to insurrections, quickly re-appropriated by the royalists.<br />
<br />
==Course of the war==<br />
===Exile and constitution of the Regency===<br />
[[File:Big pillars.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Chilok'tab Palace]] served as the K'uhul Ajaw residence throughout the war.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, as baptized by the Republicans, [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] was able to flee [[K'alak Muul]] with his son, the future [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil II]] and a handful of supporters. On their way they stopped at [[Sakal Witz]] where they were able to gain the support of the [[White Mountain Society|priests of the White Mountain]] which allowed them to continue their journey southward to [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumakah]]. Itzamnaaj established his son in the Palace of [[Chilok'tab]], a suburb of Kumakah and a site with 800 years old ties to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]]. It's there that he proclaimed his son the new [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|Divine Lord]] and placed himself as his regent before granting himself the status of Regent.<br />
<br />
Kumakah, and the rest of the eponymous viceroyalty, proved more than receptive and dedicated to the Royalist cause. Chief among these supporters were the House of Achi, Itzamnaaj' own clan, the religious institutions, temples and sanctuaries, of the region, as well as other leading lineages chief among them the [[House of Koyol]] one of the four great K'iche houses and strong actors of the Mutul industry. The four "House of Iximte", the Zotzil, Xahil, Tukuche, and Akajal, were less immediately agreeable to the Regent' project for a civil war but ultimately sided with him. This convinced the "House of Pokom" (Xin, Palak, Puj, Batz, and Tik) and thus the two viceroyalties immediately to the east of Kumakah tied to them, to also follow the Regent' cause although popular and aristocratic support was weaker at first. To the west, the Yajawil of Mamk'ab would proclaim itself almost immediately in support of the Divine Monarchy: the Mam people had long been ruled directly by the Ilok'tab and they've been an important pool of recruitment for soldiers and clerks.<br />
<br />
But beyond a strong base of support, by seizing Kumakah Itzamanaaj and his partisans also seized control of its Chocolate Mills and its royal prints, granting them the ability to continue to emit their own currency, collect taxes in the Viceroyalties controlled, and emit loans and war bonds. The Regent was thus able to secure the loyalty and the discipline of the Southern Army tasked with controlling the Mountain Passes between the Mutul and [[Sante Reze]], but also the border with [[Zacapican]]. Leaving behind only a token force, the royalists thus acquired a core professional force of around 30,000 men. This they completed by calling to arms the "Faithfuls" and forming "People Blessed Armies": militias partially supervised by officers drawn for the southern military, old veterans (recruited in priority), and other charismatic local leaders. At this stage of the war, the Royalists were able to create the Achi People' Army, the Mam People Army, three K'iche people armies, and two Pokom people armies, which represented an auxiliary force estimated between 70,000 and 300,000 men depending on historians as records and claims often contradict each others and not all commissioned officers, tasked with recruiting their own men, were willing or able to keep track of their own numbers. Nowadays, a number between 90,000 and 110,000 militias is more often used and cited.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation and first campaigns of the Noble Republic===<br />
[[File:Central acropolis.jpg|200px|thumb|The [[Chak Yaxnah Ho’kan]] before its destruction during the war. The royal house had become the Three Estates' meeting place.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, the Assembly of Aristocrats began negotiations with its two counterparts (the Assembly of Clerics and the Assembly of Elders) to set the basis of a new state. They propose that the three Assemblies declare [[Lady Ik' Jol]] to have been an illegitimate ruler who took power through the murder of the rightful Divine Lord her brother [[Wahlam B'alam VI]] and that the ritual to divinize her own blood has never worked as the gods had disapproved her acts. The gathered assemblies were not necessarily opposed to the proposal, but a divide appeared between those who wished to look for a new successor and the radical few who wished to create a new state with no Divine Lord.<br />
<br />
In these days of confusion, control over the putschists faction was assumed by the Viceroy of Chaknal, [[Waxak B'alam Koj]], the Viceroy of [[Yajawil of Oxmal|Oxmal]], [[Siol Chan Xiu]], and the two Admirals (''Ajaw Ha'': Waterlords) of the Mutul: [[Sijal Ek]] and [[An Xook B'al]]. They gathered urgently in the aftermath of the coup and decided that Waxak B'alam Koj would stay in [[K'alak Muul]] to control the situation there while Sijal Ek and An Xook B'al would go to the [[Yu]] and [[Puylum]] respectively to gain the support of the west and east of the Mutul and gather armies there. The task of pursuing Itzamnaaj and the crown prince thus fell on Siol Chan Xiu who led 3,000 men out of the capital to stop the royal escort. However, he failed to do so before Itzamnaaj reached [[Sakal Witz]] which refused to give up the Divine Lord to his pursuers. Siol Chan Xiu did not challenge the city directly, instead returning to Apikal, modern Yajawil of K'ekchi, to gather a larger army while leaving behind roughly a 1,000 men to control the ways out of Sakal Witz. This troop harassed and followed Itzamnaaj and his strengthened escort after they left the city to continue their way south, but was ultimately unable to stop them and had to retreat and regroup with the rest of Siol Chan Xiu' new army.<br />
<br />
===White Mountain Campaign===<br />
Siol Chan Xiu returned to the Central Mountains at the head of a new army. The professional core was made of soldiers who participated in the coup and Marine Riflemen, the naval forces of the Mutul having sided almost entirely with the Republicans. To these estimated 10,000 veterans new recruits were added forming an army of 45,000 or so men separated into five regiments of nine columns each. Each column represented roughly a thousand men and were divided into uneven numbers of companies, each led by a Captain chartered to recruit and lead his own men as per the Mutul' practices at the time and an habit shared with the royalists.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj was still organizing his Regency, gathering his supports, and recruiting new troops and could not directly influence the battle. The defense of Sakal Witz was thus organized mainly by the [[White Mountain Society]], the inhabitants, as well as volunteers from the rest of the Central Mountains, and mainly from the Blood Hills to the northwest of the city, whose religious dedication to the protection of the holy city could not compensate their lack of weaponry and training. After three weeks of battle and siege, the city fell and was sacked by the Republicans. The Central Mountains now secured, Siol Chan Xiu was free to continue his campaign southward.<br />
<br />
===Nojkab'al Campaign===<br />
[[File:VolcanesdeGuatemala00 D.png|200px|thumb|Sleeping volcanoes in the Central Mountains]]<br />
The battle of Sakal Witz was a setback for the Royalists. Itzamnaaj had led a relief force but arrived to the Central Mountains too late: the city had already fallen. Gathering up some of the militias and volunteers that had fled south, he entrenched his men in the main passes between the Central Mountains and the Viceroyalty of Nojkab'al, the last stretch of land before Kumakah and the K'iche lands.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj had brought an estimated 60,000 men with him and was defending the five passes known to be suitable for military forces. The Republicans were thus outnumbered but lack of reliable information and weapons had led the Regent to take a purely defensive position while waiting for further reinforcements. At first, Siol Chan Xiu placed a regiment in front of each passes before discretly gathering almost all of his men to the westernmost pass and launching an assault there, leaving only token forces elsewhere. The 40,000 men stormed the 12,000 badly armed Royalists and took control of the pass. Fearing a potential exploitation of this breach, Itzamnaaj abandoned the passes and deployed his troops deeper in Nojkab'al.<br />
<br />
Not daring to confront the Republicans directly, Itzamnaaj resorted to waging an assymetric warfare to which his men were better prepared. Siol Chan Xiu was able to reach [[Takalik]], the Viceroyalty Capital and Itzamnaaj refuge, but a lack of supply, diseases, and constant harassment by the Royalists pushed him to retreat back to the passes. Itzamnaaj continued to harass the departing Republicans but did not press further before more rifles and ammunitions had reached him. It's only with 10,000 more men and decent artillery support that he tried to take back control of the passes. However, the Republicans had the time to entrench themselves and all the Royalists assaults failed. The Nojkab'al front would remain active in 1829 when Republicans launched a second campaign to take over Nojkab'al but Itzamnaaj' officers had learned their lessons from the previous year and improved on their defense-in-depth. By 1830, it became clear to all that the central theater of the war was frozen.<br />
<br />
==Consequences==<br />
<br />
{{Mutul Topics|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:Civil war]]<br />
[[category:War]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Sajal_War&diff=775602Sajal War2024-03-03T14:33:04Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox Military Conflict<br />
|conflict = Sajal War<br />
|partof =<br />
| image = Common soldier.jpg<br />
| caption = A common Mutulese soldier during the Sajal War<br />
|date = 1828 - 1839<br />
|place = [[Mutul]]<br />
|result = Royalist Victory<br />
*Capitulation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]<br />
*Reunification of the [[Mutul]]<br />
*Beginning of the Itzamnaaj Reformation<br />
|combatant1 = {{flag|Mutul|Royalists}}<br />
|combatant2 = {{flag|Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale}}<br />
|commander1 = [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]]<br />
|commander2 = [[Waxak B'alam Koj]] <br> [[Siol Chan Xiu]] <br> [[Sijal Ek]] <br> [[An Xook B'al]] <br> [[Bolon Chan B'alam]]<br />
|strength1 = 110,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|strength2 = ~200,000 men <small> 1830 </small><br />
|casualties1 = <br />
|casualties2 =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Sajal War''', also known as the '''War of the Frightfuls''' or '''Terrifying War''', was a civil war that opposed the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] of the [[Mutul]] and their loyalists against the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]. It lasted from 1828 with the Day of the Balconies (the murder of the Divine Lady [[Lady Ik' Jol|Ik' Jol]] and the escape of her husband [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] with their son the crown prince [[B'alijaj Chan K'awiil II]]) to 1839 with the Redition of Itzamkan.<br />
<br />
The war happened in a context of political and economic decline of the Mutul which has seen its influence and and credit greatly diminished by lost wars against [[Tsurushima]] and [[Zacapican]]. Lady Ik' Jol rise to the throne came as a palace coup against the court faction that had taken control of the country under her father and brother's reigns. The reforms she promoted were an attempt to undermine the political power accumulated by the nobility over the 18th century but were cut short by her own assassination. It is remembered as the most brutal war in Mutulese history, one that has profoundly shaped the modern Mutul and created a clear historical cleavage between what came before and what came after the war.<br />
<br />
===Origins===<br />
<br />
Since the rule of [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil I]] in the early 18th century, the powers and authority of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] kept being limited by the ever more powerful merchant-aristocracy of the [[Mutul]]. Local and national assemblies became permanent legal institutions whom obtained a de-facto say on the Divine King's politics after much political troubles. The weakening of the [[Mutulese Ochran|Mutul's position in the West]] after the [[Tsurushima|Tsurushimese revolution]] of 1750 only exacerbated a conflict between a weakened monarchy and its nobility whom, inspired by both local and foreign thinkers, especially from [[Sante Reze]] developed a more {{wp|liberalism|liberal}} approach to both the economy and politics.<br />
<br />
In 1819, the [[Second War for Kahei]] started, threatening some of the merchant-aristocracy's positions in Ochran. In 1820, [[Wahlam B'alam V]] died in [[K'umarkaj]] after a decade long semi-exile ordered by the Sajal Holpop, the Nobility's Assembly, who had taken over [[K'alak Muul]]. His young son, [[Wahlam B'alam VI]], was brought back to the capital to be crowned and ruled as a puppet king for the Sajal Holpop. The same year, he died of illness and was succeeded by his elder sister, [[Lady Ik' Jol]]. Ik' Jol tried to restructure the [[Mutul|Divine Throne]] bureaucracy to limit the powers of the assemblies like the Sajal Holpop. In 1828, a conspiracy of Mutuleses aristocrats managed to murder the Divine Queen and her body was pushed from the balcony of [[K'alak Muul|her palace]]. The same day, her husband managed to escape from a similar murder plot and flee the capital with their son, the future [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]]. Legends have Itzamnaaj escape from another balcony of the royal palace. After this "Days of the Balconies", the Sajal Holpop proclaimed the end of the [[Mutul]] and the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
==Combattants==<br />
===Ilok'tab Loyalists===<br />
[[File:Mutul Flag.png|200px|thumb|The current [[Flag of the Mutul]] was created by Monarchists militias during the civil war]]<br />
After his escape from [[K'alak Muul]], [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]], king-consort of [[Ilok'tab Dynasty#Ik.27skull|Ik'skull]] gained [[K'umarkaj]], the traditional base of power of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and enthroned his son as [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]] while he himself took the position of Regent. He amassed around him an inner circle of friends, family members, and clients, and built from there his resistance to the Noble Republic. After a few months he moved his base of operation further east, as he gathered there the Divine Army, which had globally remained loyal to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|Ilok'tab]], alongside various loyalists militias he trained and organized into what would become the core of the Royalist army.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Loyalists was thus made of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and all associated lineages. {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} and {{wp|Mam people|Mam}} people had remained heavily tied to the Ilok'tab, tjeir countries too distant from the main hub of international trades with either [[Ajax|Ochran]] or [[Sante Reze]] to lose their dependence toward the central authorities. They would form the bulk of the troops and officers of the Royalists armies.<br />
<br />
The {{wp|Chibchan languages|Chibchans}} also became prominent in the Royalists armies. The countryside of the eastern regions was thorn appart by the heavy social changes that led to the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]] and had been especially plagued by riots or protests in support of traditional social organization and against the transition from the old Market System, directed by the State, to the more liberal system of self-governance of the Merchant-aristocracy promoted by the forces that formed the Republic. Itzamnaaj spend the early years of the war exploiting this divide between the new middle class that had appeared since the 1700s and the countryside. It's this work of "recuperation" of the Chibchans and Lencas regions, and the promises made at the time, that layed the basis for the future Itzamnaaj Reformation, post-war.<br />
<br />
In the Xuman Peninsula and the central regions, support toward the Royalists or the Republicans changed from town to town, from family to family. Old rivalries and dynastic conflicts came to feed the civil war, from local ancestral vendettas, to mistrust toward the [[Yajawil of Kanol|Tatinak]] and {{wp|Chontal Maya|Yokot'an}} aristocracies who were the main backers of the Noble Republic. Ultimately, these regions would become part of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]], but would remain plagued by insurrections and protests the Royalists were able to turn into pro-Ilok'tab movements. The current [[flag of the Mutul]], the Yax-Sak-Kan, was notably created as a pro-Ilok'tab flag by {{wp|Ch'ol|K'ol}} militias.<br />
<br />
===Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale===<br />
[[File:Seal of the Republic of the Rio Grande.svg|200px|thumb|The blason used by the Noble Republic's military. The white and black, representing the north and the west respectively, were often replaced by green, which represented unity]]<br />
<br />
The Republic's power-base was made of the middle class and the merchant-aristocracy everywhere in the country. It was especially well established in the [[Yajawil of Kanol]] and the East in general, where trans-Makrian trade had led to the emergence of a wealthy "modern" society that had the time to stabilize itself as it had existed for more than 200 years by the time of the Sajal War. A similar but much younger analogue society had emerged in the East after the [[Sante Reze]] revolution of 1701 that opened the trans-Thalassian trade routes to the Mutuleses merchant-nobility. While even more radical in its support of the Noble Republic than the "West", the "East" also proved to be the weak link of the Republicans, as it's relatively recent emergence meant that it was still full of contradictions, paradoxes, and social divides on which the Royalists managed to play to gain the upper-hand.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Noble Republic was made entirely by the old merchant-nobility of the [[Mutul]] that had complete control over local leaderships and national financial markets. They were backed by all the smaller-scale merchants and urban middle classes that had come to depend on the Trans-Makrian and Trans-Thalassian trades for their livelihood. However, except in the west, their power quickly dwindled outside of urban centers and they had barely, if any, control over the countrysides of the north, center, and east of the countries, where local priest-bureaucrats, often nobles of their own but removed from the financial circles reserved to the high aristocracy, became a constant source of defiance and opposition to the Republic, if not outright turned to insurrections, quickly re-appropriated by the royalists.<br />
<br />
==Course of the war==<br />
===Exile and constitution of the Regency===<br />
[[File:Big pillars.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Chilok'tab Palace]] served as the K'uhul Ajaw residence throughout the war.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, as baptized by the Republicans, [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] was able to flee [[K'alak Muul]] with his son, the future [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil II]] and a handful of supporters. On their way they stopped at [[Sakal Witz]] where they were able to gain the support of the [[White Mountain Society|priests of the White Mountain]] which allowed them to continue their journey southward to [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumakah]]. Itzamnaaj established his son in the Palace of [[Chilok'tab]], a suburb of Kumakah and a site with 800 years old ties to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]]. It's there that he proclaimed his son the new [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|Divine Lord]] and placed himself as his regent before granting himself the status of Regent.<br />
<br />
Kumakah, and the rest of the eponymous viceroyalty, proved more than receptive and dedicated to the Royalist cause. Chief among these supporters were the House of Achi, Itzamnaaj' own clan, the religious institutions, temples and sanctuaries, of the region, as well as other leading lineages chief among them the [[House of Koyol]] one of the four great K'iche houses and strong actors of the Mutul industry. The four "House of Iximte", the Zotzil, Xahil, Tukuche, and Akajal, were less immediately agreeable to the Regent' project for a civil war but ultimately sided with him. This convinced the "House of Pokom" (Xin, Palak, Puj, Batz, and Tik) and thus the two viceroyalties immediately to the east of Kumakah tied to them, to also follow the Regent' cause although popular and aristocratic support was weaker at first. To the west, the Yajawil of Mamk'ab would proclaim itself almost immediately in support of the Divine Monarchy: the Mam people had long been ruled directly by the Ilok'tab and they've been an important pool of recruitment for soldiers and clerks.<br />
<br />
But beyond a strong base of support, by seizing Kumakah Itzamanaaj and his partisans also seized control of its Chocolate Mills and its royal prints, granting them the ability to continue to emit their own currency, collect taxes in the Viceroyalties controlled, and emit loans and war bonds. The Regent was thus able to secure the loyalty and the discipline of the Southern Army tasked with controlling the Mountain Passes between the Mutul and [[Sante Reze]], but also the border with [[Zacapican]]. Leaving behind only a token force, the royalists thus acquired a core professional force of around 30,000 men. This they completed by calling to arms the "Faithfuls" and forming "People Blessed Armies": militias partially supervised by officers drawn for the southern military, old veterans (recruited in priority), and other charismatic local leaders. At this stage of the war, the Royalists were able to create the Achi People' Army, the Mam People Army, three K'iche people armies, and two Pokom people armies, which represented an auxiliary force estimated between 70,000 and 300,000 men depending on historians as records and claims often contradict each others and not all commissioned officers, tasked with recruiting their own men, were willing or able to keep track of their own numbers. Nowadays, a number between 90,000 and 110,000 militias is more often used and cited.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation and first campaigns of the Noble Republic===<br />
[[File:Central acropolis.jpg|200px|thumb|The [[Chak Yaxnah Ho’kan]] before its destruction during the war. The royal house had become the Three Estates' meeting place.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, the Assembly of Aristocrats began negotiations with its two counterparts (the Assembly of Clerics and the Assembly of Elders) to set the basis of a new state. They propose that the three Assemblies declare [[Lady Ik' Jol]] to have been an illegitimate ruler who took power through the murder of the rightful Divine Lord her brother [[Wahlam B'alam VI]] and that the ritual to divinize her own blood has never worked as the gods had disapproved her acts. The gathered assemblies were not necessarily opposed to the proposal, but a divide appeared between those who wished to look for a new successor and the radical few who wished to create a new state with no Divine Lord.<br />
<br />
In these days of confusion, control over the putschists faction was assumed by the Viceroy of Chaknal, [[Waxak B'alam Koj]], the Viceroy of [[Yajawil of Oxmal|Oxmal]], [[Siol Chan Xiu]], and the two Admirals (''Ajaw Ha'': Waterlords) of the Mutul: [[Sijal Ek]] and [[An Xook B'al]]. They gathered urgently in the aftermath of the coup and decided that Waxak B'alam Koj would stay in [[K'alak Muul]] to control the situation there while Sijal Ek and An Xook B'al would go to the [[Yu]] and [[Puylum]] respectively to gain the support of the west and east of the Mutul and gather armies there. The task of pursuing Itzamnaaj and the crown prince thus fell on Siol Chan Xiu who led 3,000 men out of the capital to stop the royal escort. However, he failed to do so before Itzamnaaj reached [[Sakal Witz]] which refused to give up the Divine Lord to his pursuers. Siol Chan Xiu did not challenge the city directly, instead returning to Apikal, modern Yajawil of K'ekchi, to gather a larger army while leaving behind roughly a 1,000 men to control the ways out of Sakal Witz. This troop harassed and followed Itzamnaaj and his strengthened escort after they left the city to continue their way south, but was ultimately unable to stop them and had to retreat and regroup with the rest of Siol Chan Xiu' new army.<br />
<br />
===White Mountain Campaign===<br />
Siol Chan Xiu returned to the Central Mountains at the head of a new army. The professional core was made of soldiers who participated in the coup and Marine Riflemen, the naval forces of the Mutul having sided almost entirely with the Republicans. To these estimated 10,000 veterans new recruits were added forming an army of 45,000 or so men separated into five regiments of nine columns each. Each column represented roughly a thousand men and were divided into uneven numbers of companies, each led by a Captain chartered to recruit and lead his own men as per the Mutul' practices at the time and an habit shared with the royalists.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj was still organizing his Regency, gathering his supports, and recruiting new troops and could not directly influence the battle. The defense of Sakal Witz was thus organized mainly by the [[White Mountain Society]], the inhabitants, as well as volunteers from the rest of the Central Mountains, and mainly from the Blood Hills to the northwest of the city, whose religious dedication to the protection of the holy city could not compensate their lack of weaponry and training. After three weeks of battle and siege, the city fell and was sacked by the Republicans. The Central Mountains now secured, Siol Chan Xiu was free to continue his campaign southward.<br />
<br />
===Nojkab'al Campaign===<br />
[[File:VolcanesdeGuatemala00 D.png|200px|thumb|Sleeping volcanoes in the Central Mountains]]<br />
The battle of Sakal Witz was a setback for the Royalists. Itzamnaaj had led a relief force but arrived to the Central Mountains too late: the city had already fallen. Gathering up some of the militias and volunteers that had fled south, he entrenched his men in the main passes between the Central Mountains and the Viceroyalty of Nojkab'al, the last stretch of land before Kumakah and the K'iche lands.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj had brought an estimated 60,000 men with him and was defending the five passes known to be suitable for military forces. The Republicans were thus outnumbered but lack of reliable information and weapons had led the Regent to take a purely defensive position while waiting for further reinforcements. At first, Siol Chan Xiu placed a regiment in front of each passes before discretly gathering almost all of his men to the westernmost pass and launching an assault there, leaving only token forces elsewhere. The 40,000 men stormed the 12,000 badly armed Royalists and took control of the pass. Fearing a potential exploitation of this breach, Itzamnaaj abandoned the passes and deployed his troops deeper in Nojkab'al.<br />
<br />
Not daring to confront the Republicans directly, Itzamnaaj resorted to waging an assymetric warfare to which his men were better prepared. Siol Chan Xiu was able to reach [[Takalik]], the Viceroyalty Capital and Itzamnaaj refuge, but a lack of supply, diseases, and constant harassment by the Royalists pushed him to retreat back to the passes. Itzamnaaj continued to harass the departing Republicans but did not press further before more rifles and ammunitions had reached him. It's only with 10,000 more men and decent artillery support that he tried to take back control of the passes. However, the Republicans had the time to entrench themselves and all the Royalists assaults failed. The Nojkab'al front would remain active in 1829 when Republicans launched a second campaign to take over Nojkab'al but Itzamnaaj' officers had learned their lessons from the previous year and improved on their defense-in-depth. By 1830, it became clear to all that the central theater of the war was frozen.<br />
<br />
==Consequences==<br />
<br />
{{Mutul Topics|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:Civil war]]<br />
[[category:War]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Sajal_War&diff=775568Sajal War2024-03-03T10:29:35Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox Military Conflict<br />
|conflict = Sajal War<br />
|partof =<br />
| image = Common soldier.jpg<br />
| caption = A common Mutulese soldier during the Sajal War<br />
|date = 1828 - 1839<br />
|place = [[Mutul]]<br />
|result = Royalist Victory<br />
*Capitulation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]<br />
*Reunification of the [[Mutul]]<br />
*Beginning of the Itzamnaaj Reformation<br />
|combatant1 = {{flag|Mutul|Royalists}}<br />
|combatant2 = {{flag|Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale}}<br />
|commander1 = [[Itzamnaaj B’alam]]<br />
|commander2 = [[Bolon Chan Witz]]<br />
|strength1 = <br />
|strength2 = <br />
|casualties1 = <br />
|casualties2 =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Sajal War''', also known as the '''War of the Frightfuls''' or '''Terrifying War''', was a civil war that opposed the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] of the [[Mutul]] and their loyalists against the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]. It lasted from 1828 with the murder of the Divine Queen [[Ilok'tab Dynasty#Ik.27skull|Ik'skull]] and the proclamation by the Sajal Holpop of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
===Origins===<br />
<br />
Since the rule of [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil I]] in the early 18th century, the powers and authority of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] kept being limited by the ever more powerful merchant-aristocracy of the [[Mutul]]. Local and national assemblies became permanent legal institutions whom obtained a de-facto say on the Divine King's politics after much political troubles. The weakening of the [[Mutulese Ochran|Mutul's position in the West]] after the [[Tsurushima|Tsurushimese revolution]] of 1750 only exacerbated a conflict between a weakened monarchy and its nobility whom, inspired by both local and foreign thinkers, especially from [[Sante Reze]] developed a more {{wp|liberalism|liberal}} approach to both the economy and politics.<br />
<br />
In 1819, the [[Second War for Kahei]] started, threatening some of the merchant-aristocracy's positions in Ochran. In 1820, [[Wahlam B'alam V]] died in [[K'umarkaj]] after a decade long semi-exile ordered by the Sajal Holpop, the Nobility's Assembly, who had taken over [[K'alak Muul]]. His young son, [[Wahlam B'alam VI]], was brought back to the capital to be crowned and ruled as a puppet king for the Sajal Holpop. The same year, he died of illness and was succeeded by his elder sister, Lady [[Ilok'tab Dynasty#Ik.27skull|Ik'skull]]. Ik'skull tried to restructure the [[Mutul|Divine Throne]] bureaucracy and to limit the powers of the assemblies like the Sajal Holpop. In 1828, a conspiracy of Mutuleses aristocrats managed to murder the Divine Queen and her body was pushed from the balcony of [[K'alak Muul|her palace]]. This trigger a series of events that led to her husband fleeing the capital with their son, the future [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]], and the Sajal Holpop proclaiming the end of the [[Mutul]] and the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
==Combattants==<br />
===Ilok'tab Loyalists===<br />
[[File:Mutul Flag.png|200px|thumb|The current [[Flag of the Mutul]] was created by Monarchists militias during the civil war]]<br />
After his escape from [[K'alak Muul]], [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]], king-consort of [[Ilok'tab Dynasty#Ik.27skull|Ik'skull]] gained [[K'umarkaj]], the traditional base of power of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and enthroned his son as [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]] while he himself took the position of Regent. He amassed around him an inner circle of friends, family members, and clients, and built from there his resistance to the Noble Republic. After a few months he moved his base of operation further east, as he gathered there the Divine Army, which had globally remained loyal to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|Ilok'tab]], alongside various loyalists militias he trained and organized into what would become the core of the Royalist army.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Loyalists was thus made of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and all associated lineages. {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} and {{wp|Mam people|Mam}} people had remained heavily tied to the Ilok'tab, tjeir countries too distant from the main hub of international trades with either [[Ajax|Ochran]] or [[Sante Reze]] to lose their dependence toward the central authorities. They would form the bulk of the troops and officers of the Royalists armies.<br />
<br />
The {{wp|Chibchan languages|Chibchans}} also became prominent in the Royalists armies. The countryside of the eastern regions was thorn appart by the heavy social changes that led to the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]] and had been especially plagued by riots or protests in support of traditional social organization and against the transition from the old Market System, directed by the State, to the more liberal system of self-governance of the Merchant-aristocracy promoted by the forces that formed the Republic. Itzamnaaj spend the early years of the war exploiting this divide between the new middle class that had appeared since the 1700s and the countryside. It's this work of "recuperation" of the Chibchans and Lencas regions, and the promises made at the time, that layed the basis for the future Itzamnaaj Reformation, post-war.<br />
<br />
In the Xuman Peninsula and the central regions, support toward the Royalists or the Republicans changed from town to town, from family to family. Old rivalries and dynastic conflicts came to feed the civil war, from local ancestral vendettas, to mistrust toward the [[Yajawil of Kanol|Tatinak]] and {{wp|Chontal Maya|Yokot'an}} aristocracies who were the main backers of the Noble Republic. Ultimately, these regions would become part of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]], but would remain plagued by insurrections and protests the Royalists were able to turn into pro-Ilok'tab movements. The current [[flag of the Mutul]], the Yax-Sak-Kan, was notably created as a pro-Ilok'tab flag by {{wp|Ch'ol|K'ol}} militias.<br />
<br />
===Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale===<br />
[[File:Seal of the Republic of the Rio Grande.svg|200px|thumb|The blason used by the Noble Republic's military. The white and black, representing the north and the west respectively, were often replaced by green, which represented unity]]<br />
<br />
The Republic's power-base was made of the middle class and the merchant-aristocracy everywhere in the country. It was especially well established in the [[Yajawil of Kanol]] and the East in general, where trans-Makrian trade had led to the emergence of a wealthy "modern" society that had the time to stabilize itself as it had existed for more than 200 years by the time of the Sajal War. A similar but much younger analogue society had emerged in the East after the [[Sante Reze]] revolution of 1701 that opened the trans-Thalassian trade routes to the Mutuleses merchant-nobility. While even more radical in its support of the Noble Republic than the "West", the "East" also proved to be the weak link of the Republicans, as it's relatively recent emergence meant that it was still full of contradictions, paradoxes, and social divides on which the Royalists managed to play to gain the upper-hand.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Noble Republic was made entirely by the old merchant-nobility of the [[Mutul]] that had complete control over local leaderships and national financial markets. They were backed by all the smaller-scale merchants and urban middle classes that had come to depend on the Trans-Makrian and Trans-Thalassian trades for their livelihood. However, except in the west, their power quickly dwindled outside of urban centers and they had barely, if any, control over the countrysides of the north, center, and east of the countries, where local priest-bureaucrats, often nobles of their own but removed from the financial circles reserved to the high aristocracy, became a constant source of defiance and opposition to the Republic, if not outright turned to insurrections, quickly re-appropriated by the royalists.<br />
<br />
==Course of the war==<br />
===Exile and constitution of the Regency===<br />
[[File:Big pillars.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Chilok'tab Palace]] served as the K'uhul Ajaw residence throughout the war.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, as baptized by the Republicans, [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] was able to flee [[K'alak Muul]] with his son, the future [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil II]] and a handful of supporters. On their way they stopped at [[Sakal Witz]] where they were able to gain the support of the [[White Mountain Society|priests of the White Mountain]] which allowed them to continue their journey southward to [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumakah]]. Itzamnaaj established his son in the Palace of [[Chilok'tab]], a suburb of Kumakah and a site with 800 years old ties to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]]. It's there that he proclaimed his son the new [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|Divine Lord]] and placed himself as his regent before granting himself the status of Regent.<br />
<br />
Kumakah, and the rest of the eponymous viceroyalty, proved more than receptive and dedicated to the Royalist cause. Chief among these supporters were the House of Achi, Itzamnaaj' own clan, the religious institutions, temples and sanctuaries, of the region, as well as other leading lineages chief among them the [[House of Koyol]] one of the four great K'iche houses and strong actors of the Mutul industry. The four "House of Iximte", the Zotzil, Xahil, Tukuche, and Akajal, were less immediately agreeable to the Regent' project for a civil war but ultimately sided with him. This convinced the "House of Pokom" (Xin, Palak, Puj, Batz, and Tik) and thus the two viceroyalties immediately to the east of Kumakah tied to them, to also follow the Regent' cause although popular and aristocratic support was weaker at first. To the west, the Yajawil of Mamk'ab would proclaim itself almost immediately in support of the Divine Monarchy: the Mam people had long been ruled directly by the Ilok'tab and they've been an important pool of recruitment for soldiers and clerks.<br />
<br />
But beyond a strong base of support, by seizing Kumakah Itzamanaaj and his partisans also seized control of its Chocolate Mills and its royal prints, granting them the ability to continue to emit their own currency, collect taxes in the Viceroyalties controlled, and emit loans and war bonds. The Regent was thus able to secure the loyalty and the discipline of the Southern Army tasked with controlling the Mountain Passes between the Mutul and [[Sante Reze]], but also the border with [[Zacapican]]. Leaving behind only a token force, the royalists thus acquired a core professional force of around 30,000 men. This they completed by calling to arms the "Faithfuls" and forming "People Blessed Armies": militias partially supervised by officers drawn for the southern military, old veterans (recruited in priority), and other charismatic local leaders. At this stage of the war, the Royalists were able to create the Achi People' Army, the Mam People Army, three K'iche people armies, and two Pokom people armies, which represented an auxiliary force estimated between 70,000 and 300,000 men depending on historians as records and claims often contradict each others and not all commissioned officers, tasked with recruiting their own men, were willing or able to keep track of their own numbers. Nowadays, a number between 90,000 and 110,000 militias is more often used and cited.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation and first campaigns of the Noble Republic===<br />
[[File:Central acropolis.jpg|200px|thumb|The [[Chak Yaxnah Ho’kan]] before its destruction during the war. The royal house had become the Three Estates' meeting place.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, the Assembly of Aristocrats began negotiations with its two counterparts (the Assembly of Clerics and the Assembly of Elders) to set the basis of a new state. They propose that the three Assemblies declare [[Lady Ik' Jol]] to have been an illegitimate ruler who took power through the murder of the rightful Divine Lord her brother [[Wahlam B'alam VI]] and that the ritual to divinize her own blood has never worked as the gods had disapproved her acts. The gathered assemblies were not necessarily opposed to the proposal, but a divide appeared between those who wished to look for a new successor and the radical few who wished to create a new state with no Divine Lord.<br />
<br />
In these days of confusion, control over the putschists faction was assumed by the Viceroy of Chaknal, [[Waxak B'alam Koj]], the Viceroy of [[Yajawil of Oxmal|Oxmal]], [[Siol Chan Xiu]], and the two Admirals (''Ajaw Ha'': Waterlords) of the Mutul: [[Sijal Ek]] and [[An Xook B'al]]. They gathered urgently in the aftermath of the coup and decided that Waxak B'alam Koj would stay in [[K'alak Muul]] to control the situation there while Sijal Ek and An Xook B'al would go to the [[Yu]] and [[Puylum]] respectively to gain the support of the west and east of the Mutul and gather armies there. The task of pursuing Itzamnaaj and the crown prince thus fell on Siol Chan Xiu who led 3,000 men out of the capital to stop the royal escort. However, he failed to do so before Itzamnaaj reached [[Sakal Witz]] which refused to give up the Divine Lord to his pursuers. Siol Chan Xiu did not challenge the city directly, instead returning to Apikal, modern Yajawil of K'ekchi, to gather a larger army while leaving behind roughly a 1,000 men to control the ways out of Sakal Witz. This troop harassed and followed Itzamnaaj and his strengthened escort after they left the city to continue their way south, but was ultimately unable to stop them and had to retreat and regroup with the rest of Siol Chan Xiu' new army.<br />
<br />
===White Mountain Campaign===<br />
Siol Chan Xiu returned to the Central Mountains at the head of a new army. The professional core was made of soldiers who participated in the coup and Marine Riflemen, the naval forces of the Mutul having sided almost entirely with the Republicans. To these estimated 10,000 veterans new recruits were added forming an army of 45,000 or so men separated into five regiments of nine columns each. Each column represented roughly a thousand men and were divided into uneven numbers of companies, each led by a Captain chartered to recruit and lead his own men as per the Mutul' practices at the time and an habit shared with the royalists.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj was still organizing his Regency, gathering his supports, and recruiting new troops and could not directly influence the battle. The defense of Sakal Witz was thus organized mainly by the [[White Mountain Society]], the inhabitants, as well as volunteers from the rest of the Central Mountains, and mainly from the Blood Hills to the northwest of the city, whose religious dedication to the protection of the holy city could not compensate their lack of weaponry and training. After three weeks of battle and siege, the city fell and was sacked by the Republicans. The Central Mountains now secured, Siol Chan Xiu was free to continue his campaign southward.<br />
<br />
===Nojkab'al Campaign===<br />
[[File:VolcanesdeGuatemala00 D.png|200px|thumb|Sleeping volcanoes in the Central Mountains]]<br />
The battle of Sakal Witz was a setback for the Royalists. Itzamnaaj had led a relief force but arrived to the Central Mountains too late: the city had already fallen. Gathering up some of the militias and volunteers that had fled south, he entrenched his men in the main passes between the Central Mountains and the Viceroyalty of Nojkab'al, the last stretch of land before Kumakah and the K'iche lands.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj had brought an estimated 60,000 men with him and was defending the five passes known to be suitable for military forces. The Republicans were thus outnumbered but lack of reliable information and weapons had led the Regent to take a purely defensive position while waiting for further reinforcements. At first, Siol Chan Xiu placed a regiment in front of each passes before discretly gathering almost all of his men to the westernmost pass and launching an assault there, leaving only token forces elsewhere. The 40,000 men stormed the 12,000 badly armed Royalists and took control of the pass. Fearing a potential exploitation of this breach, Itzamnaaj abandoned the passes and deployed his troops deeper in Nojkab'al.<br />
<br />
Not daring to confront the Republicans directly, Itzamnaaj resorted to waging an assymetric warfare to which his men were better prepared. Siol Chan Xiu was able to reach [[Takalik]], the Viceroyalty Capital and Itzamnaaj refuge, but a lack of supply, diseases, and constant harassment by the Royalists pushed him to retreat back to the passes. Itzamnaaj continued to harass the departing Republicans but did not press further before more rifles and ammunitions had reached him. It's only with 10,000 more men and decent artillery support that he tried to take back control of the passes. However, the Republicans had the time to entrench themselves and all the Royalists assaults failed. The Nojkab'al front would remain active in 1829 when Republicans launched a second campaign to take over Nojkab'al but Itzamnaaj' officers had learned their lessons from the previous year and improved on their defense-in-depth. By 1830, it became clear to all that the central theater of the war was frozen.<br />
<br />
==Consequences==<br />
<br />
{{Mutul Topics|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:Civil war]]<br />
[[category:War]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Sajal_War&diff=775565Sajal War2024-03-03T07:58:44Z<p>Devink: /* Course of the war */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox Military Conflict<br />
|conflict = Sajal War<br />
|partof =<br />
| image = Common soldier.jpg<br />
| caption = A common Mutulese soldier during the Sajal War<br />
|date = 1828 - 1839<br />
|place = [[Mutul]]<br />
|result = Royalist Victory<br />
*Capitulation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]<br />
*Reunification of the [[Mutul]]<br />
*Beginning of the Itzamnaaj Reformation<br />
|combatant1 = {{flag|Mutul|Royalists}}<br />
|combatant2 = {{flag|Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale}}<br />
|commander1 = [[Itzamnaaj B’alam]]<br />
|commander2 = [[Bolon Chan Witz]]<br />
|strength1 = <br />
|strength2 = <br />
|casualties1 = <br />
|casualties2 =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Sajal War''', also known as the '''War of the Frightfuls''' or '''Terrifying War''', was a civil war that opposed the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] of the [[Mutul]] and their loyalists against the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]. It lasted from 1828 with the murder of the Divine Queen [[Ilok'tab Dynasty#Ik.27skull|Ik'skull]] and the proclamation by the Sajal Holpop of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
===Origins===<br />
<br />
Since the rule of [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil I]] in the early 18th century, the powers and authority of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] kept being limited by the ever more powerful merchant-aristocracy of the [[Mutul]]. Local and national assemblies became permanent legal institutions whom obtained a de-facto say on the Divine King's politics after much political troubles. The weakening of the [[Mutulese Ochran|Mutul's position in the West]] after the [[Tsurushima|Tsurushimese revolution]] of 1750 only exacerbated a conflict between a weakened monarchy and its nobility whom, inspired by both local and foreign thinkers, especially from [[Sante Reze]] developed a more {{wp|liberalism|liberal}} approach to both the economy and politics.<br />
<br />
In 1819, the [[Second War for Kahei]] started, threatening some of the merchant-aristocracy's positions in Ochran. In 1820, [[Wahlam B'alam V]] died in [[K'umarkaj]] after a decade long semi-exile ordered by the Sajal Holpop, the Nobility's Assembly, who had taken over [[K'alak Muul]]. His young son, [[Wahlam B'alam VI]], was brought back to the capital to be crowned and ruled as a puppet king for the Sajal Holpop. The same year, he died of illness and was succeeded by his elder sister, Lady [[Ilok'tab Dynasty#Ik.27skull|Ik'skull]]. Ik'skull tried to restructure the [[Mutul|Divine Throne]] bureaucracy and to limit the powers of the assemblies like the Sajal Holpop. In 1828, a conspiracy of Mutuleses aristocrats managed to murder the Divine Queen and her body was pushed from the balcony of [[K'alak Muul|her palace]]. This trigger a series of events that led to her husband fleeing the capital with their son, the future [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]], and the Sajal Holpop proclaiming the end of the [[Mutul]] and the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
==Combattants==<br />
===Ilok'tab Loyalists===<br />
[[File:Mutul Flag.png|200px|thumb|The current [[Flag of the Mutul]] was created by Monarchists militias during the civil war]]<br />
After his escape from [[K'alak Muul]], [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]], king-consort of [[Ilok'tab Dynasty#Ik.27skull|Ik'skull]] gained [[K'umarkaj]], the traditional base of power of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and enthroned his son as [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]] while he himself took the position of Regent. He amassed around him an inner circle of friends, family members, and clients, and built from there his resistance to the Noble Republic. After a few months he moved his base of operation further east, as he gathered there the Divine Army, which had globally remained loyal to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|Ilok'tab]], alongside various loyalists militias he trained and organized into what would become the core of the Royalist army.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Loyalists was thus made of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and all associated lineages. {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} and {{wp|Mam people|Mam}} people had remained heavily tied to the Ilok'tab, tjeir countries too distant from the main hub of international trades with either [[Ajax|Ochran]] or [[Sante Reze]] to lose their dependence toward the central authorities. They would form the bulk of the troops and officers of the Royalists armies.<br />
<br />
The {{wp|Chibchan languages|Chibchans}} also became prominent in the Royalists armies. The countryside of the eastern regions was thorn appart by the heavy social changes that led to the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]] and had been especially plagued by riots or protests in support of traditional social organization and against the transition from the old Market System, directed by the State, to the more liberal system of self-governance of the Merchant-aristocracy promoted by the forces that formed the Republic. Itzamnaaj spend the early years of the war exploiting this divide between the new middle class that had appeared since the 1700s and the countryside. It's this work of "recuperation" of the Chibchans and Lencas regions, and the promises made at the time, that layed the basis for the future Itzamnaaj Reformation, post-war.<br />
<br />
In the Xuman Peninsula and the central regions, support toward the Royalists or the Republicans changed from town to town, from family to family. Old rivalries and dynastic conflicts came to feed the civil war, from local ancestral vendettas, to mistrust toward the [[Yajawil of Kanol|Tatinak]] and {{wp|Chontal Maya|Yokot'an}} aristocracies who were the main backers of the Noble Republic. Ultimately, these regions would become part of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]], but would remain plagued by insurrections and protests the Royalists were able to turn into pro-Ilok'tab movements. The current [[flag of the Mutul]], the Yax-Sak-Kan, was notably created as a pro-Ilok'tab flag by {{wp|Ch'ol|K'ol}} militias.<br />
<br />
===Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale===<br />
[[File:Seal of the Republic of the Rio Grande.svg|200px|thumb|The blason used by the Noble Republic's military. The white and black, representing the north and the west respectively, were often replaced by green, which represented unity]]<br />
<br />
The Republic's power-base was made of the middle class and the merchant-aristocracy everywhere in the country. It was especially well established in the [[Yajawil of Kanol]] and the East in general, where trans-Makrian trade had led to the emergence of a wealthy "modern" society that had the time to stabilize itself as it had existed for more than 200 years by the time of the Sajal War. A similar but much younger analogue society had emerged in the East after the [[Sante Reze]] revolution of 1701 that opened the trans-Thalassian trade routes to the Mutuleses merchant-nobility. While even more radical in its support of the Noble Republic than the "West", the "East" also proved to be the weak link of the Republicans, as it's relatively recent emergence meant that it was still full of contradictions, paradoxes, and social divides on which the Royalists managed to play to gain the upper-hand.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Noble Republic was made entirely by the old merchant-nobility of the [[Mutul]] that had complete control over local leaderships and national financial markets. They were backed by all the smaller-scale merchants and urban middle classes that had come to depend on the Trans-Makrian and Trans-Thalassian trades for their livelihood. However, except in the west, their power quickly dwindled outside of urban centers and they had barely, if any, control over the countrysides of the north, center, and east of the countries, where local priest-bureaucrats, often nobles of their own but removed from the financial circles reserved to the high aristocracy, became a constant source of defiance and opposition to the Republic, if not outright turned to insurrections, quickly re-appropriated by the royalists.<br />
<br />
==Course of the war==<br />
===Exile and constitution of the Regency===<br />
[[File:Big pillars.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Chilok'tab Palace]] served as the K'uhul Ajaw residence throughout the war.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, as baptized by the Republicans, [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] was able to flee [[K'alak Muul]] with his son, the future [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil II]] and a handful of supporters. On their way they stopped at [[Sakal Witz]] where they were able to gain the support of the [[White Mountain Society|priests of the White Mountain]] which allowed them to continue their journey southward to [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumakah]]. Itzamnaaj established his son in the Palace of [[Chilok'tab]], a suburb of Kumakah and a site with 800 years old ties to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]]. It's there that he proclaimed his son the new [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|Divine Lord]] and placed himself as his regent before granting himself the status of Regent.<br />
<br />
Kumakah, and the rest of the eponymous viceroyalty, proved more than receptive and dedicated to the Royalist cause. Chief among these supporters were the House of Achi, Itzamnaaj' own clan, the religious institutions, temples and sanctuaries, of the region, as well as other leading lineages chief among them the [[House of Koyol]] one of the four great K'iche houses and strong actors of the Mutul industry. The four "House of Iximte", the Zotzil, Xahil, Tukuche, and Akajal, were less immediately agreeable to the Regent' project for a civil war but ultimately sided with him. This convinced the "House of Pokom" (Xin, Palak, Puj, Batz, and Tik) and thus the two viceroyalties immediately to the east of Kumakah tied to them, to also follow the Regent' cause although popular and aristocratic support was weaker at first. To the west, the Yajawil of Mamk'ab would proclaim itself almost immediately in support of the Divine Monarchy: the Mam people had long been ruled directly by the Ilok'tab and they've been an important pool of recruitment for soldiers and clerks.<br />
<br />
But beyond a strong base of support, by seizing Kumakah Itzamanaaj and his partisans also seized control of its Chocolate Mills and its royal prints, granting them the ability to continue to emit their own currency, collect taxes in the Viceroyalties controlled, and emit loans and war bonds. The Regent was thus able to secure the loyalty and the discipline of the Southern Army tasked with controlling the Mountain Passes between the Mutul and [[Sante Reze]], but also the border with [[Zacapican]]. Leaving behind only a token force, the royalists thus acquired a core professional force of around 30,000 men. This they completed by calling to arms the "Faithfuls" and forming "People Blessed Armies": militias partially supervised by officers drawn for the southern military, old veterans (recruited in priority), and other charismatic local leaders. At this stage of the war, the Royalists were able to create the Achi People' Army, the Mam People Army, three K'iche people armies, and two Pokom people armies, which represented an auxiliary force estimated between 70,000 and 300,000 men depending on historians as records and claims often contradict each others and not all commissioned officers, tasked with recruiting their own men, were willing or able to keep track of their own numbers. Nowadays, a number between 90,000 and 110,000 militias is more often used and cited.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation and first campaigns of the Noble Republic===<br />
[[File:Central acropolis.jpg|200px|thumb|alt=The [[Chak Yaxnah Ho’kan]] before its destruction during the war. The royal house had become the Three Estates' meeting place.]]<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, the Assembly of Aristocrats began negotiations with its two counterparts (the Assembly of Clerics and the Assembly of Elders) to set the basis of a new state. They propose that the three Assemblies declare [[Lady Ik' Jol]] to have been an illegitimate ruler who took power through the murder of the rightful Divine Lord her brother [[Wahlam B'alam VI]] and that the ritual to divinize her own blood has never worked as the gods had disapproved her acts. The gathered assemblies were not necessarily opposed to the proposal, but a divide appeared between those who wished to look for a new successor and the radical few who wished to create a new state with no Divine Lord.<br />
<br />
In these days of confusion, control over the putschists faction was assumed by the Viceroy of Chaknal, [[Waxak B'alam Koj]], the Viceroy of [[Yajawil of Oxmal|Oxmal]], [[Siol Chan Xiu]], and the two Admirals (''Ajaw Ha'': Waterlords) of the Mutul: [[Sijal Ek]] and [[An Xook B'al]]. They gathered urgently in the aftermath of the coup and decided that Waxak B'alam Koj would stay in [[K'alak Muul]] to control the situation there while Sijal Ek and An Xook B'al would go to the [[Yu]] and [[Puylum]] respectively to gain the support of the west and east of the Mutul and gather armies there. The task of pursuing Itzamnaaj and the crown prince thus fell on Siol Chan Xiu who led 3,000 men out of the capital to stop the royal escort. However, he failed to do so before Itzamnaaj reached [[Sakal Witz]] which refused to give up the Divine Lord to his pursuers. Siol Chan Xiu did not challenge the city directly, instead returning to Apikal, modern Yajawil of K'ekchi, to gather a larger army while leaving behind roughly a 1,000 men to control the ways out of Sakal Witz. This troop harassed and followed Itzamnaaj and his strengthened escort after they left the city to continue their way south, but was ultimately unable to stop them and had to retreat and regroup with the rest of Siol Chan Xiu' new army.<br />
<br />
===White Mountain Campaign===<br />
Siol Chan Xiu returned to the Central Mountains at the head of a new army. The professional core was made of soldiers who participated in the coup and Marine Riflemen, the naval forces of the Mutul having sided almost entirely with the Republicans. To these estimated 10,000 veterans new recruits were added forming an army of 45,000 or so men separated into five regiments of nine columns each. Each column represented roughly a thousand men and were divided into uneven numbers of companies, each led by a Captain chartered to recruit and lead his own men as per the Mutul' practices at the time and an habit shared with the royalists.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj was still organizing his Regency, gathering his supports, and recruiting new troops and could not directly influence the battle. The defense of Sakal Witz was thus organized mainly by the [[White Mountain Society]], the inhabitants, as well as volunteers from the rest of the Central Mountains, and mainly from the Blood Hills to the northwest of the city, whose religious dedication to the protection of the holy city could not compensate their lack of weaponry and training. After three weeks of battle and siege, the city fell and was sacked by the Republicans. The Central Mountains now secured, Siol Chan Xiu was free to continue his campaign southward.<br />
<br />
===Nojkab'al Campaign===<br />
The battle of Sakal Witz was a setback for the Royalists. Itzamnaaj had led a relief force but arrived to the Central Mountains too late: the city had already fallen. Gathering up some of the militias and volunteers that had fled south, he entrenched his men in the main passes between the Central Mountains and the Viceroyalty of Nojkab'al, the last stretch of land before Kumakah and the K'iche lands.<br />
<br />
==Consequences==<br />
<br />
{{Mutul Topics|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:Civil war]]<br />
[[category:War]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Central_acropolis.jpg&diff=775563File:Central acropolis.jpg2024-03-03T07:22:38Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Sajal_War&diff=775546Sajal War2024-03-03T05:14:01Z<p>Devink: /* White Mountain Campaign */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox Military Conflict<br />
|conflict = Sajal War<br />
|partof =<br />
| image = Common soldier.jpg<br />
| caption = A common Mutulese soldier during the Sajal War<br />
|date = 1828 - 1839<br />
|place = [[Mutul]]<br />
|result = Royalist Victory<br />
*Capitulation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]<br />
*Reunification of the [[Mutul]]<br />
*Beginning of the Itzamnaaj Reformation<br />
|combatant1 = {{flag|Mutul|Royalists}}<br />
|combatant2 = {{flag|Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale}}<br />
|commander1 = [[Itzamnaaj B’alam]]<br />
|commander2 = [[Bolon Chan Witz]]<br />
|strength1 = <br />
|strength2 = <br />
|casualties1 = <br />
|casualties2 =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Sajal War''', also known as the '''War of the Frightfuls''' or '''Terrifying War''', was a civil war that opposed the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] of the [[Mutul]] and their loyalists against the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]. It lasted from 1828 with the murder of the Divine Queen [[Ilok'tab Dynasty#Ik.27skull|Ik'skull]] and the proclamation by the Sajal Holpop of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
===Origins===<br />
<br />
Since the rule of [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil I]] in the early 18th century, the powers and authority of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] kept being limited by the ever more powerful merchant-aristocracy of the [[Mutul]]. Local and national assemblies became permanent legal institutions whom obtained a de-facto say on the Divine King's politics after much political troubles. The weakening of the [[Mutulese Ochran|Mutul's position in the West]] after the [[Tsurushima|Tsurushimese revolution]] of 1750 only exacerbated a conflict between a weakened monarchy and its nobility whom, inspired by both local and foreign thinkers, especially from [[Sante Reze]] developed a more {{wp|liberalism|liberal}} approach to both the economy and politics.<br />
<br />
In 1819, the [[Second War for Kahei]] started, threatening some of the merchant-aristocracy's positions in Ochran. In 1820, [[Wahlam B'alam V]] died in [[K'umarkaj]] after a decade long semi-exile ordered by the Sajal Holpop, the Nobility's Assembly, who had taken over [[K'alak Muul]]. His young son, [[Wahlam B'alam VI]], was brought back to the capital to be crowned and ruled as a puppet king for the Sajal Holpop. The same year, he died of illness and was succeeded by his elder sister, Lady [[Ilok'tab Dynasty#Ik.27skull|Ik'skull]]. Ik'skull tried to restructure the [[Mutul|Divine Throne]] bureaucracy and to limit the powers of the assemblies like the Sajal Holpop. In 1828, a conspiracy of Mutuleses aristocrats managed to murder the Divine Queen and her body was pushed from the balcony of [[K'alak Muul|her palace]]. This trigger a series of events that led to her husband fleeing the capital with their son, the future [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]], and the Sajal Holpop proclaiming the end of the [[Mutul]] and the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
==Combattants==<br />
===Ilok'tab Loyalists===<br />
[[File:Mutul Flag.png|200px|thumb|The current [[Flag of the Mutul]] was created by Monarchists militias during the civil war]]<br />
After his escape from [[K'alak Muul]], [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]], king-consort of [[Ilok'tab Dynasty#Ik.27skull|Ik'skull]] gained [[K'umarkaj]], the traditional base of power of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and enthroned his son as [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]] while he himself took the position of Regent. He amassed around him an inner circle of friends, family members, and clients, and built from there his resistance to the Noble Republic. After a few months he moved his base of operation further east, as he gathered there the Divine Army, which had globally remained loyal to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|Ilok'tab]], alongside various loyalists militias he trained and organized into what would become the core of the Royalist army.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Loyalists was thus made of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and all associated lineages. {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} and {{wp|Mam people|Mam}} people had remained heavily tied to the Ilok'tab, tjeir countries too distant from the main hub of international trades with either [[Ajax|Ochran]] or [[Sante Reze]] to lose their dependence toward the central authorities. They would form the bulk of the troops and officers of the Royalists armies.<br />
<br />
The {{wp|Chibchan languages|Chibchans}} also became prominent in the Royalists armies. The countryside of the eastern regions was thorn appart by the heavy social changes that led to the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]] and had been especially plagued by riots or protests in support of traditional social organization and against the transition from the old Market System, directed by the State, to the more liberal system of self-governance of the Merchant-aristocracy promoted by the forces that formed the Republic. Itzamnaaj spend the early years of the war exploiting this divide between the new middle class that had appeared since the 1700s and the countryside. It's this work of "recuperation" of the Chibchans and Lencas regions, and the promises made at the time, that layed the basis for the future Itzamnaaj Reformation, post-war.<br />
<br />
In the Xuman Peninsula and the central regions, support toward the Royalists or the Republicans changed from town to town, from family to family. Old rivalries and dynastic conflicts came to feed the civil war, from local ancestral vendettas, to mistrust toward the [[Yajawil of Kanol|Tatinak]] and {{wp|Chontal Maya|Yokot'an}} aristocracies who were the main backers of the Noble Republic. Ultimately, these regions would become part of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]], but would remain plagued by insurrections and protests the Royalists were able to turn into pro-Ilok'tab movements. The current [[flag of the Mutul]], the Yax-Sak-Kan, was notably created as a pro-Ilok'tab flag by {{wp|Ch'ol|K'ol}} militias.<br />
<br />
===Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale===<br />
[[File:Seal of the Republic of the Rio Grande.svg|200px|thumb|The blason used by the Noble Republic's military. The white and black, representing the north and the west respectively, were often replaced by green, which represented unity]]<br />
<br />
The Republic's power-base was made of the middle class and the merchant-aristocracy everywhere in the country. It was especially well established in the [[Yajawil of Kanol]] and the East in general, where trans-Makrian trade had led to the emergence of a wealthy "modern" society that had the time to stabilize itself as it had existed for more than 200 years by the time of the Sajal War. A similar but much younger analogue society had emerged in the East after the [[Sante Reze]] revolution of 1701 that opened the trans-Thalassian trade routes to the Mutuleses merchant-nobility. While even more radical in its support of the Noble Republic than the "West", the "East" also proved to be the weak link of the Republicans, as it's relatively recent emergence meant that it was still full of contradictions, paradoxes, and social divides on which the Royalists managed to play to gain the upper-hand.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Noble Republic was made entirely by the old merchant-nobility of the [[Mutul]] that had complete control over local leaderships and national financial markets. They were backed by all the smaller-scale merchants and urban middle classes that had come to depend on the Trans-Makrian and Trans-Thalassian trades for their livelihood. However, except in the west, their power quickly dwindled outside of urban centers and they had barely, if any, control over the countrysides of the north, center, and east of the countries, where local priest-bureaucrats, often nobles of their own but removed from the financial circles reserved to the high aristocracy, became a constant source of defiance and opposition to the Republic, if not outright turned to insurrections, quickly re-appropriated by the royalists.<br />
<br />
==Course of the war==<br />
===Exile and constitution of the Regency===<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, as baptized by the Republicans, [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] was able to flee [[K'alak Muul]] with his son, the future [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil II]] and a handful of supporters. On their way they stopped at [[Sakal Witz]] where they were able to gain the support of the [[White Mountain Society|priests of the White Mountain]] which allowed them to continue their journey southward to [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumakah]]. Itzamnaaj established his son in the Palace of [[Chilok'tab]], a suburb of Kumakah and a site with 800 years old ties to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]]. It's there that he proclaimed his son the new [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|Divine Lord]] and placed himself as his regent before granting himself the status of Regent.<br />
<br />
Kumakah, and the rest of the eponymous viceroyalty, proved more than receptive and dedicated to the Royalist cause. Chief among these supporters were the House of Achi, Itzamnaaj' own clan, the religious institutions, temples and sanctuaries, of the region, as well as other leading lineages chief among them the [[House of Koyol]] one of the four great K'iche houses and strong actors of the Mutul industry. The four "House of Iximte", the Zotzil, Xahil, Tukuche, and Akajal, were less immediately agreeable to the Regent' project for a civil war but ultimately sided with him. This convinced the "House of Pokom" (Xin, Palak, Puj, Batz, and Tik) and thus the two viceroyalties immediately to the east of Kumakah tied to them, to also follow the Regent' cause although popular and aristocratic support was weaker at first. To the west, the Yajawil of Mamk'ab would proclaim itself almost immediately in support of the Divine Monarchy: the Mam people had long been ruled directly by the Ilok'tab and they've been an important pool of recruitment for soldiers and clerks.<br />
<br />
But beyond a strong base of support, by seizing Kumakah Itzamanaaj and his partisans also seized control of its Chocolate Mills and its royal prints, granting them the ability to continue to emit their own currency, collect taxes in the Viceroyalties controlled, and emit loans and war bonds. The Regent was thus able to secure the loyalty and the discipline of the Southern Army tasked with controlling the Mountain Passes between the Mutul and [[Sante Reze]], but also the border with [[Zacapican]]. Leaving behind only a token force, the royalists thus acquired a core professional force of around 30,000 men. This they completed by calling to arms the "Faithfuls" and forming "People Blessed Armies": militias partially supervised by officers drawn for the southern military, old veterans (recruited in priority), and other charismatic local leaders. At this stage of the war, the Royalists were able to create the Achi People' Army, the Mam People Army, three K'iche people armies, and two Pokom people armies, which represented an auxiliary force estimated between 70,000 and 300,000 men depending on historians as records and claims often contradict each others and not all commissioned officers, tasked with recruiting their own men, were willing or able to keep track of their own numbers. Nowadays, a number between 90,000 and 110,000 militias is more often used and cited.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation and first campaigns of the Noble Republic===<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, the Assembly of Aristocrats began negotiations with its two counterparts (the Assembly of Clerics and the Assembly of Elders) to set the basis of a new state. They propose that the three Assemblies declare [[Lady Ik' Jol]] to have been an illegitimate ruler who took power through the murder of the rightful Divine Lord her brother [[Wahlam B'alam VI]] and that the ritual to divinize her own blood has never worked as the gods had disapproved her acts. The gathered assemblies were not necessarily opposed to the proposal, but a divide appeared between those who wished to look for a new successor and the radical few who wished to create a new state with no Divine Lord.<br />
<br />
In these days of confusion, control over the putschists faction was assumed by the Viceroy of Chaknal, [[Waxak B'alam Koj]], the Viceroy of [[Yajawil of Oxmal|Oxmal]], [[Siol Chan Xiu]], and the two Admirals (''Ajaw Ha'': Waterlords) of the Mutul: [[Sijal Ek]] and [[An Xook B'al]]. They gathered urgently in the aftermath of the coup and decided that Waxak B'alam Koj would stay in [[K'alak Muul]] to control the situation there while Sijal Ek and An Xook B'al would go to the [[Yu]] and [[Puylum]] respectively to gain the support of the west and east of the Mutul and gather armies there. The task of pursuing Itzamnaaj and the crown prince thus fell on Siol Chan Xiu who led 3,000 men out of the capital to stop the royal escort. However, he failed to do so before Itzamnaaj reached [[Sakal Witz]] which refused to give up the Divine Lord to his pursuers. Siol Chan Xiu did not challenge the city directly, instead returning to Apikal, modern Yajawil of K'ekchi, to gather a larger army while leaving behind roughly a 1,000 men to control the ways out of Sakal Witz. This troop harassed and followed Itzamnaaj and his strengthened escort after they left the city to continue their way south, but was ultimately unable to stop them and had to retreat and regroup with the rest of Siol Chan Xiu' new army.<br />
<br />
===White Mountain Campaign===<br />
Siol Chan Xiu returned to the Central Mountains at the head of a new army. The professional core was made of soldiers who participated in the coup and Marine Riflemen, the naval forces of the Mutul having sided almost entirely with the Republicans. To these estimated 10,000 veterans new recruits were added forming an army of 45,000 or so men separated into five regiments of nine columns each. Each column represented roughly a thousand men and were divided into uneven numbers of companies, each led by a Captain chartered to recruit and lead his own men as per the Mutul' practices at the time and an habit shared with the royalists.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj was still organizing his Regency, gathering his supports, and recruiting new troops and could not directly influence the battle. The defense of Sakal Witz was thus organized mainly by the [[White Mountain Society]], the inhabitants, as well as volunteers from the rest of the Central Mountains, and mainly from the Blood Hills to the northwest of the city, whose religious dedication to the protection of the holy city could not compensate their lack of weaponry and training. After three weeks of battle and siege, the city fell and was sacked by the Republicans. The Central Mountains now secured, Siol Chan Xiu was free to continue his campaign southward.<br />
<br />
===Nojkab'al Campaign===<br />
The battle of Sakal Witz was a setback for the Royalists. Itzamnaaj had led a relief force but arrived to the Central Mountains too late: the city had already fallen. Gathering up some of the militias and volunteers that had fled south, he entrenched his men in the main passes between the Central Mountains and the Viceroyalty of Nojkab'al, the last stretch of land before Kumakah and the K'iche lands.<br />
<br />
==Consequences==<br />
<br />
{{Mutul Topics|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:Civil war]]<br />
[[category:War]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Sajal_War&diff=775540Sajal War2024-03-03T05:10:17Z<p>Devink: /* Course of the war */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox Military Conflict<br />
|conflict = Sajal War<br />
|partof =<br />
| image = Common soldier.jpg<br />
| caption = A common Mutulese soldier during the Sajal War<br />
|date = 1828 - 1839<br />
|place = [[Mutul]]<br />
|result = Royalist Victory<br />
*Capitulation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]<br />
*Reunification of the [[Mutul]]<br />
*Beginning of the Itzamnaaj Reformation<br />
|combatant1 = {{flag|Mutul|Royalists}}<br />
|combatant2 = {{flag|Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale}}<br />
|commander1 = [[Itzamnaaj B’alam]]<br />
|commander2 = [[Bolon Chan Witz]]<br />
|strength1 = <br />
|strength2 = <br />
|casualties1 = <br />
|casualties2 =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Sajal War''', also known as the '''War of the Frightfuls''' or '''Terrifying War''', was a civil war that opposed the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] of the [[Mutul]] and their loyalists against the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]. It lasted from 1828 with the murder of the Divine Queen [[Ilok'tab Dynasty#Ik.27skull|Ik'skull]] and the proclamation by the Sajal Holpop of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
===Origins===<br />
<br />
Since the rule of [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil I]] in the early 18th century, the powers and authority of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] kept being limited by the ever more powerful merchant-aristocracy of the [[Mutul]]. Local and national assemblies became permanent legal institutions whom obtained a de-facto say on the Divine King's politics after much political troubles. The weakening of the [[Mutulese Ochran|Mutul's position in the West]] after the [[Tsurushima|Tsurushimese revolution]] of 1750 only exacerbated a conflict between a weakened monarchy and its nobility whom, inspired by both local and foreign thinkers, especially from [[Sante Reze]] developed a more {{wp|liberalism|liberal}} approach to both the economy and politics.<br />
<br />
In 1819, the [[Second War for Kahei]] started, threatening some of the merchant-aristocracy's positions in Ochran. In 1820, [[Wahlam B'alam V]] died in [[K'umarkaj]] after a decade long semi-exile ordered by the Sajal Holpop, the Nobility's Assembly, who had taken over [[K'alak Muul]]. His young son, [[Wahlam B'alam VI]], was brought back to the capital to be crowned and ruled as a puppet king for the Sajal Holpop. The same year, he died of illness and was succeeded by his elder sister, Lady [[Ilok'tab Dynasty#Ik.27skull|Ik'skull]]. Ik'skull tried to restructure the [[Mutul|Divine Throne]] bureaucracy and to limit the powers of the assemblies like the Sajal Holpop. In 1828, a conspiracy of Mutuleses aristocrats managed to murder the Divine Queen and her body was pushed from the balcony of [[K'alak Muul|her palace]]. This trigger a series of events that led to her husband fleeing the capital with their son, the future [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]], and the Sajal Holpop proclaiming the end of the [[Mutul]] and the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
==Combattants==<br />
===Ilok'tab Loyalists===<br />
[[File:Mutul Flag.png|200px|thumb|The current [[Flag of the Mutul]] was created by Monarchists militias during the civil war]]<br />
After his escape from [[K'alak Muul]], [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]], king-consort of [[Ilok'tab Dynasty#Ik.27skull|Ik'skull]] gained [[K'umarkaj]], the traditional base of power of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and enthroned his son as [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]] while he himself took the position of Regent. He amassed around him an inner circle of friends, family members, and clients, and built from there his resistance to the Noble Republic. After a few months he moved his base of operation further east, as he gathered there the Divine Army, which had globally remained loyal to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|Ilok'tab]], alongside various loyalists militias he trained and organized into what would become the core of the Royalist army.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Loyalists was thus made of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and all associated lineages. {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} and {{wp|Mam people|Mam}} people had remained heavily tied to the Ilok'tab, tjeir countries too distant from the main hub of international trades with either [[Ajax|Ochran]] or [[Sante Reze]] to lose their dependence toward the central authorities. They would form the bulk of the troops and officers of the Royalists armies.<br />
<br />
The {{wp|Chibchan languages|Chibchans}} also became prominent in the Royalists armies. The countryside of the eastern regions was thorn appart by the heavy social changes that led to the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]] and had been especially plagued by riots or protests in support of traditional social organization and against the transition from the old Market System, directed by the State, to the more liberal system of self-governance of the Merchant-aristocracy promoted by the forces that formed the Republic. Itzamnaaj spend the early years of the war exploiting this divide between the new middle class that had appeared since the 1700s and the countryside. It's this work of "recuperation" of the Chibchans and Lencas regions, and the promises made at the time, that layed the basis for the future Itzamnaaj Reformation, post-war.<br />
<br />
In the Xuman Peninsula and the central regions, support toward the Royalists or the Republicans changed from town to town, from family to family. Old rivalries and dynastic conflicts came to feed the civil war, from local ancestral vendettas, to mistrust toward the [[Yajawil of Kanol|Tatinak]] and {{wp|Chontal Maya|Yokot'an}} aristocracies who were the main backers of the Noble Republic. Ultimately, these regions would become part of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]], but would remain plagued by insurrections and protests the Royalists were able to turn into pro-Ilok'tab movements. The current [[flag of the Mutul]], the Yax-Sak-Kan, was notably created as a pro-Ilok'tab flag by {{wp|Ch'ol|K'ol}} militias.<br />
<br />
===Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale===<br />
[[File:Seal of the Republic of the Rio Grande.svg|200px|thumb|The blason used by the Noble Republic's military. The white and black, representing the north and the west respectively, were often replaced by green, which represented unity]]<br />
<br />
The Republic's power-base was made of the middle class and the merchant-aristocracy everywhere in the country. It was especially well established in the [[Yajawil of Kanol]] and the East in general, where trans-Makrian trade had led to the emergence of a wealthy "modern" society that had the time to stabilize itself as it had existed for more than 200 years by the time of the Sajal War. A similar but much younger analogue society had emerged in the East after the [[Sante Reze]] revolution of 1701 that opened the trans-Thalassian trade routes to the Mutuleses merchant-nobility. While even more radical in its support of the Noble Republic than the "West", the "East" also proved to be the weak link of the Republicans, as it's relatively recent emergence meant that it was still full of contradictions, paradoxes, and social divides on which the Royalists managed to play to gain the upper-hand.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Noble Republic was made entirely by the old merchant-nobility of the [[Mutul]] that had complete control over local leaderships and national financial markets. They were backed by all the smaller-scale merchants and urban middle classes that had come to depend on the Trans-Makrian and Trans-Thalassian trades for their livelihood. However, except in the west, their power quickly dwindled outside of urban centers and they had barely, if any, control over the countrysides of the north, center, and east of the countries, where local priest-bureaucrats, often nobles of their own but removed from the financial circles reserved to the high aristocracy, became a constant source of defiance and opposition to the Republic, if not outright turned to insurrections, quickly re-appropriated by the royalists.<br />
<br />
==Course of the war==<br />
===Exile and constitution of the Regency===<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, as baptized by the Republicans, [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] was able to flee [[K'alak Muul]] with his son, the future [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil II]] and a handful of supporters. On their way they stopped at [[Sakal Witz]] where they were able to gain the support of the [[White Mountain Society|priests of the White Mountain]] which allowed them to continue their journey southward to [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumakah]]. Itzamnaaj established his son in the Palace of [[Chilok'tab]], a suburb of Kumakah and a site with 800 years old ties to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]]. It's there that he proclaimed his son the new [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|Divine Lord]] and placed himself as his regent before granting himself the status of Regent.<br />
<br />
Kumakah, and the rest of the eponymous viceroyalty, proved more than receptive and dedicated to the Royalist cause. Chief among these supporters were the House of Achi, Itzamnaaj' own clan, the religious institutions, temples and sanctuaries, of the region, as well as other leading lineages chief among them the [[House of Koyol]] one of the four great K'iche houses and strong actors of the Mutul industry. The four "House of Iximte", the Zotzil, Xahil, Tukuche, and Akajal, were less immediately agreeable to the Regent' project for a civil war but ultimately sided with him. This convinced the "House of Pokom" (Xin, Palak, Puj, Batz, and Tik) and thus the two viceroyalties immediately to the east of Kumakah tied to them, to also follow the Regent' cause although popular and aristocratic support was weaker at first. To the west, the Yajawil of Mamk'ab would proclaim itself almost immediately in support of the Divine Monarchy: the Mam people had long been ruled directly by the Ilok'tab and they've been an important pool of recruitment for soldiers and clerks.<br />
<br />
But beyond a strong base of support, by seizing Kumakah Itzamanaaj and his partisans also seized control of its Chocolate Mills and its royal prints, granting them the ability to continue to emit their own currency, collect taxes in the Viceroyalties controlled, and emit loans and war bonds. The Regent was thus able to secure the loyalty and the discipline of the Southern Army tasked with controlling the Mountain Passes between the Mutul and [[Sante Reze]], but also the border with [[Zacapican]]. Leaving behind only a token force, the royalists thus acquired a core professional force of around 30,000 men. This they completed by calling to arms the "Faithfuls" and forming "People Blessed Armies": militias partially supervised by officers drawn for the southern military, old veterans (recruited in priority), and other charismatic local leaders. At this stage of the war, the Royalists were able to create the Achi People' Army, the Mam People Army, three K'iche people armies, and two Pokom people armies, which represented an auxiliary force estimated between 70,000 and 300,000 men depending on historians as records and claims often contradict each others and not all commissioned officers, tasked with recruiting their own men, were willing or able to keep track of their own numbers. Nowadays, a number between 90,000 and 110,000 militias is more often used and cited.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation and first campaigns of the Noble Republic===<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, the Assembly of Aristocrats began negotiations with its two counterparts (the Assembly of Clerics and the Assembly of Elders) to set the basis of a new state. They propose that the three Assemblies declare [[Lady Ik' Jol]] to have been an illegitimate ruler who took power through the murder of the rightful Divine Lord her brother [[Wahlam B'alam VI]] and that the ritual to divinize her own blood has never worked as the gods had disapproved her acts. The gathered assemblies were not necessarily opposed to the proposal, but a divide appeared between those who wished to look for a new successor and the radical few who wished to create a new state with no Divine Lord.<br />
<br />
In these days of confusion, control over the putschists faction was assumed by the Viceroy of Chaknal, [[Waxak B'alam Koj]], the Viceroy of [[Yajawil of Oxmal|Oxmal]], [[Siol Chan Xiu]], and the two Admirals (''Ajaw Ha'': Waterlords) of the Mutul: [[Sijal Ek]] and [[An Xook B'al]]. They gathered urgently in the aftermath of the coup and decided that Waxak B'alam Koj would stay in [[K'alak Muul]] to control the situation there while Sijal Ek and An Xook B'al would go to the [[Yu]] and [[Puylum]] respectively to gain the support of the west and east of the Mutul and gather armies there. The task of pursuing Itzamnaaj and the crown prince thus fell on Siol Chan Xiu who led 3,000 men out of the capital to stop the royal escort. However, he failed to do so before Itzamnaaj reached [[Sakal Witz]] which refused to give up the Divine Lord to his pursuers. Siol Chan Xiu did not challenge the city directly, instead returning to Apikal, modern Yajawil of K'ekchi, to gather a larger army while leaving behind roughly a 1,000 men to control the ways out of Sakal Witz. This troop harassed and followed Itzamnaaj and his strengthened escort after they left the city to continue their way south, but was ultimately unable to stop them and had to retreat and regroup with the rest of Siol Chan Xiu' new army.<br />
<br />
===White Mountain Campaign===<br />
Siol Chan Xiu returned to the Central Mountains at the head of a new army. The professional core was made of soldiers who participated in the coup and Marine Riflemen, the naval forces of the Mutul having sided almost entirely with the Republicans. To these estimated 10,000 veterans new recruits were added forming an army of 45,000 or so men separated into five regiments of nine columns each. Each column represented roughly a thousand men and were divided into uneven numbers of companies, each led by a Captain chartered to recruit and lead his own men as per the Mutul' practices at the time and an habit shared with the royalists.<br />
<br />
Itzamnaaj was still organizing his Regency and gathering his supports and troops to directly influence the battle. The defense of Sakal Witz was thus organized mainly by the [[White Mountain Society]], the inhabitants, as well as volunteers from the rest of the Central Mountains, and mainly from the Blood Hills to the northwest of the city, whose religious dedication to the protection of the holy city could not compensate their lack of weaponry and training. After three weeks of battle and siege, the city fell and was sacked by the Republicans. The Central Mountains now secured, Siol Chan Xiu was free to continue his campaign southward.<br />
<br />
===Nojkab'al Campaign===<br />
The battle of Sakal Witz was a setback for the Royalists. Itzamnaaj had led a relief force but arrived to the Central Mountains too late: the city had already fallen. Gathering up some of the militias and volunteers that had fled south, he entrenched his men in the main passes between the Central Mountains and the Viceroyalty of Nojkab'al, the last stretch of land before Kumakah and the K'iche lands.<br />
<br />
==Consequences==<br />
<br />
{{Mutul Topics|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:Civil war]]<br />
[[category:War]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Sajal_War&diff=775312Sajal War2024-03-03T00:32:42Z<p>Devink: /* Course of the war */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox Military Conflict<br />
|conflict = Sajal War<br />
|partof =<br />
| image = Common soldier.jpg<br />
| caption = A common Mutulese soldier during the Sajal War<br />
|date = 1828 - 1839<br />
|place = [[Mutul]]<br />
|result = Royalist Victory<br />
*Capitulation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]<br />
*Reunification of the [[Mutul]]<br />
*Beginning of the Itzamnaaj Reformation<br />
|combatant1 = {{flag|Mutul|Royalists}}<br />
|combatant2 = {{flag|Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale}}<br />
|commander1 = [[Itzamnaaj B’alam]]<br />
|commander2 = [[Bolon Chan Witz]]<br />
|strength1 = <br />
|strength2 = <br />
|casualties1 = <br />
|casualties2 =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Sajal War''', also known as the '''War of the Frightfuls''' or '''Terrifying War''', was a civil war that opposed the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] of the [[Mutul]] and their loyalists against the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]]. It lasted from 1828 with the murder of the Divine Queen [[Ilok'tab Dynasty#Ik.27skull|Ik'skull]] and the proclamation by the Sajal Holpop of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
===Origins===<br />
<br />
Since the rule of [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil I]] in the early 18th century, the powers and authority of the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] kept being limited by the ever more powerful merchant-aristocracy of the [[Mutul]]. Local and national assemblies became permanent legal institutions whom obtained a de-facto say on the Divine King's politics after much political troubles. The weakening of the [[Mutulese Ochran|Mutul's position in the West]] after the [[Tsurushima|Tsurushimese revolution]] of 1750 only exacerbated a conflict between a weakened monarchy and its nobility whom, inspired by both local and foreign thinkers, especially from [[Sante Reze]] developed a more {{wp|liberalism|liberal}} approach to both the economy and politics.<br />
<br />
In 1819, the [[Second War for Kahei]] started, threatening some of the merchant-aristocracy's positions in Ochran. In 1820, [[Wahlam B'alam V]] died in [[K'umarkaj]] after a decade long semi-exile ordered by the Sajal Holpop, the Nobility's Assembly, who had taken over [[K'alak Muul]]. His young son, [[Wahlam B'alam VI]], was brought back to the capital to be crowned and ruled as a puppet king for the Sajal Holpop. The same year, he died of illness and was succeeded by his elder sister, Lady [[Ilok'tab Dynasty#Ik.27skull|Ik'skull]]. Ik'skull tried to restructure the [[Mutul|Divine Throne]] bureaucracy and to limit the powers of the assemblies like the Sajal Holpop. In 1828, a conspiracy of Mutuleses aristocrats managed to murder the Divine Queen and her body was pushed from the balcony of [[K'alak Muul|her palace]]. This trigger a series of events that led to her husband fleeing the capital with their son, the future [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]], and the Sajal Holpop proclaiming the end of the [[Mutul]] and the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]].<br />
<br />
==Combattants==<br />
===Ilok'tab Loyalists===<br />
[[File:Mutul Flag.png|200px|thumb|The current [[Flag of the Mutul]] was created by Monarchists militias during the civil war]]<br />
After his escape from [[K'alak Muul]], [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]], king-consort of [[Ilok'tab Dynasty#Ik.27skull|Ik'skull]] gained [[K'umarkaj]], the traditional base of power of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and enthroned his son as [[Ilok'tab_Dynasty#Balijaj_Chan_K.27awiil|B'ailjaj Chan K'awiil II]] while he himself took the position of Regent. He amassed around him an inner circle of friends, family members, and clients, and built from there his resistance to the Noble Republic. After a few months he moved his base of operation further east, as he gathered there the Divine Army, which had globally remained loyal to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|Ilok'tab]], alongside various loyalists militias he trained and organized into what would become the core of the Royalist army.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Loyalists was thus made of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] and all associated lineages. {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} and {{wp|Mam people|Mam}} people had remained heavily tied to the Ilok'tab, tjeir countries too distant from the main hub of international trades with either [[Ajax|Ochran]] or [[Sante Reze]] to lose their dependence toward the central authorities. They would form the bulk of the troops and officers of the Royalists armies.<br />
<br />
The {{wp|Chibchan languages|Chibchans}} also became prominent in the Royalists armies. The countryside of the eastern regions was thorn appart by the heavy social changes that led to the creation of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]] and had been especially plagued by riots or protests in support of traditional social organization and against the transition from the old Market System, directed by the State, to the more liberal system of self-governance of the Merchant-aristocracy promoted by the forces that formed the Republic. Itzamnaaj spend the early years of the war exploiting this divide between the new middle class that had appeared since the 1700s and the countryside. It's this work of "recuperation" of the Chibchans and Lencas regions, and the promises made at the time, that layed the basis for the future Itzamnaaj Reformation, post-war.<br />
<br />
In the Xuman Peninsula and the central regions, support toward the Royalists or the Republicans changed from town to town, from family to family. Old rivalries and dynastic conflicts came to feed the civil war, from local ancestral vendettas, to mistrust toward the [[Yajawil of Kanol|Tatinak]] and {{wp|Chontal Maya|Yokot'an}} aristocracies who were the main backers of the Noble Republic. Ultimately, these regions would become part of the [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale]], but would remain plagued by insurrections and protests the Royalists were able to turn into pro-Ilok'tab movements. The current [[flag of the Mutul]], the Yax-Sak-Kan, was notably created as a pro-Ilok'tab flag by {{wp|Ch'ol|K'ol}} militias.<br />
<br />
===Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale===<br />
[[File:Seal of the Republic of the Rio Grande.svg|200px|thumb|The blason used by the Noble Republic's military. The white and black, representing the north and the west respectively, were often replaced by green, which represented unity]]<br />
<br />
The Republic's power-base was made of the middle class and the merchant-aristocracy everywhere in the country. It was especially well established in the [[Yajawil of Kanol]] and the East in general, where trans-Makrian trade had led to the emergence of a wealthy "modern" society that had the time to stabilize itself as it had existed for more than 200 years by the time of the Sajal War. A similar but much younger analogue society had emerged in the East after the [[Sante Reze]] revolution of 1701 that opened the trans-Thalassian trade routes to the Mutuleses merchant-nobility. While even more radical in its support of the Noble Republic than the "West", the "East" also proved to be the weak link of the Republicans, as it's relatively recent emergence meant that it was still full of contradictions, paradoxes, and social divides on which the Royalists managed to play to gain the upper-hand.<br />
<br />
The leadership of the Noble Republic was made entirely by the old merchant-nobility of the [[Mutul]] that had complete control over local leaderships and national financial markets. They were backed by all the smaller-scale merchants and urban middle classes that had come to depend on the Trans-Makrian and Trans-Thalassian trades for their livelihood. However, except in the west, their power quickly dwindled outside of urban centers and they had barely, if any, control over the countrysides of the north, center, and east of the countries, where local priest-bureaucrats, often nobles of their own but removed from the financial circles reserved to the high aristocracy, became a constant source of defiance and opposition to the Republic, if not outright turned to insurrections, quickly re-appropriated by the royalists.<br />
<br />
==Course of the war==<br />
===Exile and constitution of the Regency===<br />
Following the Day of Balconies, as baptized by the Republicans, [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] was able to flee [[K'alak Muul]] with his son, the future [[Balijaj Chan K'awiil II]] and a handful of supporters. On their way they stopped at [[Sakal Witz]] where they were able to gain the support of the [[White Mountain Society|priests of the White Mountain]] which allowed them to continue their journey southward to [[Yajawil of Kumakah|Kumakah]]. Itzamnaaj established his son in the Palace of [[Chilok'tab]], a suburb of Kumakah and a site with 800 years old ties to the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]]. It's there that he proclaimed his son the new [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|Divine Lord]] and placed himself as his regent before granting himself the status of Regent.<br />
<br />
Kumakah, and the rest of the eponymous viceroyalty, proved more than receptive and dedicated to the Royalist cause. Chief among these supporters were the House of Achi, Itzamnaaj' own clan, the religious institutions, temples and sanctuaries, of the region, as well as other leading lineages chief among them the [[House of Koyol]] one of the four great K'iche houses and strong actors of the Mutul industry. The four "House of Iximte", the Zotzil, Xahil, Tukuche, and Akajal, were less immediately agreeable to the Regent' project for a civil war but ultimately sided with him. This convinced the "House of Pokom" (Xin, Palak, Puj, Batz, and Tik) and thus the two viceroyalties immediately to the east of Kumakah tied to them, to also follow the Regent' cause although popular and aristocratic support was weaker at first. To the west, the Yajawil of Mamk'ab would proclaim itself almost immediately in support of the Divine Monarchy: the Mam people had long been ruled directly by the Ilok'tab and they've been an important pool of recruitment for soldiers and clerks.<br />
<br />
But beyond a strong base of support, by seizing Kumakah Itzamanaaj and his partisans also seized control of its Chocolate Mills and its royal prints, granting them the ability to continue to emit their own currency, collect taxes in the Viceroyalties controlled, and emit loans and war bonds. The Regent was thus able to secure the loyalty and the discipline of the Southern Army tasked with controlling the Mountain Passes between the Mutul and [[Sante Reze]], but also the border with [[Zacapican]]. Leaving behind only a token force, the royalists thus acquired a core professional force of around 30,000 men. This they completed by calling to arms the "Faithfuls" and forming "People Blessed Armies": militias partially supervised by officers drawn for the southern military, old veterans (recruited in priority), and other charismatic local leaders. At this stage of the war, the Royalists were able to create the Achi People' Army, the Mam People Army, three K'iche people armies, and two Pokom people armies, which represented an auxiliary force estimated between 70,000 and 300,000 men depending on historians as records and claims often contradict each others and not all commissioned officers, tasked with recruiting their own men, were willing or able to keep track of their own numbers. Nowadays, a number between 90,000 and 110,000 militias is more often used and cited.<br />
<br />
===White Mountain Campaign===<br />
The [[Noble Republic of Northern Oxidentale|Noble Republic]] immediately moved to quell the royalists insurrections in northern and central [[Mutul]]. 45,000 men for example were dispatched to [[Sakal Witz]], home to a well organized monarchist movement organized by the powerful clergy of the city. Despite efforts from [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] to reinforce the besieged city, Republican militias and skirmishers managed to slow down his troops and they arrived too late to save it. Similar anti-royalists campaigns in the Xuman Peninsula led to ten of thousands of people being killed.<br />
<br />
The battle of Sakal Witz was a setback for Itzamnaaj. But not to be deterred, he gave orders to his troops to wage a guerilla warfare against the Republicans in the central regions, supporting emerging royalists militias still present in the countryside and mountaineous areas. He then took the command of an army of 20,000 men and moved east, to the {{wp|Lencas}} regions, where he established his new base of operation. From there, he favored the rise of royalists militias, turning anti-republicans sentiments into full-fledged support for the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]]. Republicans loose complete control of the eastern regions' countryside and were pushed back to tbeir coastal bastions.<br />
<br />
==Consequences==<br />
<br />
{{Mutul Topics|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:Civil war]]<br />
[[category:War]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=List_of_heads_of_state_of_Drevstran&diff=772507List of heads of state of Drevstran2024-02-27T03:18:36Z<p>Devink: Created page with "{{Region_icon_Ajax}} ==Triple-Crown== ==First Mervoshia== {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%" |- !colspan="2"|Portrait !Name<br>{{small|(Birth–Death)}} !colspan="2"|Term of office !Party |- |width="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#cccccc;"|1 |rowspan="1"|175px |rowspan="1"|'''Vilvo Orbraggar'''<br><small>(1864–1944)</small> |class="nowrap"|1916 |class="nowrap"|1941 |..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
==Triple-Crown==<br />
==First Mervoshia==<br />
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%"<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2"|Portrait<br />
!Name<br>{{small|(Birth–Death)}}<br />
!colspan="2"|Term of office<br />
!Party<br />
|-<br />
|width="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#cccccc;"|1<br />
|rowspan="1"|[[File:Joseph_August_of_Austria_(1872-1962)_in_1917.jpg|175px]]<br />
|rowspan="1"|'''[[Vilvo Orbraggar]]'''<br><small>(1864–1944)</small><br />
|class="nowrap"|1916<br />
|class="nowrap"|1941<br />
| rowspan=2 align="center" bgcolor=87CEEB| [[Yednosc!]]<br />
|-<br />
|width="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#cccccc;"|2<br />
|rowspan="1"|[[File:Dobi_István_1948-06.jpg|175px]]<br />
|rowspan="1"|'''[[Vernesto Skolad]]'''<br><small>(1889–1957)</small><br />
|class="nowrap"|1941<br />
|class="nowrap"|1953<br />
|}<br />
==Second Mervoshia==<br />
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%"<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2"|Portrait<br />
!Name<br>{{small|(Birth–Death)}}<br />
!colspan="2"|Term of office<br />
!Party<br />
|-<br />
|width="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#cccccc;"|3<br />
|rowspan="1"|[[File:Tildy_Zoltán-MTI_1946.jpg|175px]]<br />
|rowspan="1"|'''[[Obrichko Dursila]]'''<br><small>(1901–1977)</small><br />
|class="nowrap"|1954<br />
|class="nowrap"|1959<br />
| rowspan=1 align="center" bgcolor=000000| [[Anarchists]]<br />
|-<br />
|width="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#cccccc;"|4<br />
|rowspan="1"|[[File:N.mushanov.jpg|175px]]<br />
|rowspan="1"|'''[[Marveil Urshlo]]'''<br><small>(1888–1975)</small><br />
|class="nowrap"|1959<br />
|class="nowrap"|1969<br />
| rowspan=1 align="center" bgcolor=#609| [[Nepserot]]<br />
|-<br />
|width="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#cccccc;"|5<br />
|rowspan="1"|[[File:Georgi_Dimitrow.png|175px]]<br />
|rowspan="1"|'''[[Robotnik Matkezmni]]'''<br><small>(1910–1981)</small><br />
|class="nowrap"|1969<br />
|class="nowrap"|1974<br />
| rowspan=1 align="center" bgcolor=#FF2400| [[Skozi]]<br />
|-<br />
|width="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#cccccc;"|6<br />
|rowspan="1"|[[File:Jean_dujardin_moustache.jpg|175px]]<br />
|rowspan="1"|'''[[Andervi Bogerra]]'''<br><small>(1918–1990)</small><br />
|class="nowrap"|1974<br />
|class="nowrap"|1984<br />
| rowspan=1 align="center" bgcolor=87CEEB| [[Yednosc!]]<br />
|-<br />
|width="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#cccccc;"|7<br />
|rowspan="1"|<br />
|rowspan="1"|'''[[TBD]]'''<br><small>(TBD–TBD)</small><br />
|class="nowrap"|1984<br />
|class="nowrap"|1989<br />
| rowspan=1 align="center" bgcolor=#FF2400| [[Skozi]]<br />
|-<br />
|width="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#cccccc;"|8<br />
|rowspan="1"|[[File:Yedviro.png|175px]]<br />
|rowspan="1"|'''[[TBD]]'''<br><small>(TBD–TBD)</small><br />
|class="nowrap"|1989<br />
|class="nowrap"|1994<br />
| rowspan=1 align="center" bgcolor=#008000| [[Yedviro]]<br />
|-<br />
|width="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#cccccc;"|9<br />
|rowspan="1"|[[File:Parviz_Meshkatian.jpg|175px]]<br />
|rowspan="1"|'''[[Lecto Ozyman]]'''<br><small>(1913–2004)</small><br />
|class="nowrap"|1994<br />
|class="nowrap"|1999<br />
| rowspan=1 align="center" bgcolor=#609| [[Nepserot]]<br />
|-<br />
|width="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#cccccc;"|10<br />
|rowspan="1"|[[File:Simon_smeleres.png|175px]]<br />
|rowspan="1"|'''[[Lecto Ozyman]]'''<br><small>(1947–)</small><br />
|class="nowrap"|1999<br />
|class="nowrap"|2004<br />
| rowspan=1 align="center" bgcolor=#008000| [[Yedviro]]<br />
|-<br />
|width="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#cccccc;"|11<br />
|rowspan="1"|<br />
|rowspan="1"|'''[[TBD]]'''<br><small>(TBD–TBD)</small><br />
|class="nowrap"|2004<br />
|class="nowrap"|2009<br />
| rowspan=1 align="center" bgcolor=#000000| [[Anarchists]]<br />
|-<br />
|width="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#cccccc;"|12<br />
|rowspan="1"|[[File:Jean-Pierre_Chevènement_—_Salon_du_livre_de_Paris_-_23_mars_2014.JPG|175px]]<br />
|rowspan="1"|'''[[Elross Gismond]]'''<br><small>(1943–2012)</small><br />
|class="nowrap"|2009<br />
|class="nowrap"|2012<br />
| rowspan=3 align="center" bgcolor=#609| [[Nepserot]]<br />
|-<br />
|width="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#cccccc;"|*<br />
|rowspan="1"|<br />
|rowspan="1"|'''[[TBD]]'''<br><small>(TBD–TBD)</small><br />
|class="nowrap"|2012<br />
|class="nowrap"|2014<br />
|-<br />
|width="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#cccccc;"|13<br />
|rowspan="1"|[[File:Bharamut_IA_Moldy.png|175px]]<br />
|rowspan="1"|'''[[Mïgrai Bharamut]]'''<br><small>(1956–)</small><br />
|class="nowrap"|2014<br />
|class="nowrap"|2024<br />
|}<br />
[[Category:Drevstran]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Nepserot&diff=772138Nepserot2024-02-26T15:50:37Z<p>Devink: /* Ozyman Era (1980 - 1999) */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox political party<br />
|name = Nepserot<br />
|native_name = <br />
|lang1 = Lush<br />
|logo = <br />
|logo_size = 200px<br />
|colorcode = #609<br />
|leader = [[Mïgrai Bharamut]]<br />
|chairman = <br />
|chairperson = <br />
|founder = [[Marveil Urshlo]]<br />
|leader1_title = <br />
|leader1_name = <br />
|founded = {{Start date|1953|1|05|df=y}}<br />
|dissolved = <br />
|merger = <br />
|split = <br />
|predecessor = <br />
|merged = <br />
|successor = <br />
|headquarters = 16 Aterület Street, [[Angrast]], [[Drevstran]]<br />
|newspaper = <br />
|student_wing = <br />
|youth_wing = <br />
|wing1_title = <br />
|wing1 = <br />
|wing2_title = <br />
|wing2 = <br />
|wing3_title = <br />
|wing3 = <br />
|membership_year =<br />
|membership = <br />
|ideology = {{wp|Big tent}} <br>{{wp|One-nation conservatism}}<br>{{wp|Economic liberalism}}<br> {{wp|Liberal conservatism}}<br />
|religion = <br />
|national = <br />
|international = <br />
|colors = {{colorbox|black}} Black <br> {{colorbox|#609}} Purple<br />
|blank1_title = <br />
|blank1 = <br />
|blank2_title = <br />
|blank2 = <br />
|blank3_title = <br />
|blank3 = <br />
|affiliation1_title = <br />
|affiliation1 = <br />
|seats1_title = [[Parliament of Drevstran]]<br />
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|291|561|hex=#609}} <br />
|seats2_title = [[Presidents of Departments]]<br />
|seats2 = {{Composition bar|17|77|hex=#609}}<br />
|seats3_title = Local Mayors <br />
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|2164|8004|hex=#609}} <br />
|seats4_title = <br />
|seats4 = <br />
|symbol = <br />
|flag = <br />
|website = <br />
|state = Drevstran<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Nepserot''' is a [[Drevstran]]ese political party created by [[Marveil Urshlo]] in 1953 in the wake of the proclamation of the [[Drevstran|Second Mervoshia]], the current political system of Drevstran. It's policies and platforms broadly tend to be qualified as {{wp|Centre-right politics|centre-right}} or {{wp|Right-wing politics|right wing}}, with an emphasis on {{wp|economic liberalism}}, {{wp|democracy}}, and {{wp|nationalism}}. It is currently the country's largest party, holding both the Mayorship of the Palace and the Majority of the Parliament.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Origins===<br />
The party was officialy founded in 1953 but was the continuation of an informal political groupe nicknamed the [[Pristlav Clique]]: an unofficial circle and think-tank of liberal businessmen and officials who wished for the end of the [[Ernesto Skolad|Skolad Dictature]] and prepared for the aftermath of a potential overthrow of the Mayor of the Palace. The first real successes of the Party would come during the elections of 1958 when it's leader [[Marveil Urshlo]], was elected Mervoret of Drevstran. This first mandate as Mervoret would refine most of the party's political line, and solidify it's position as the nation's liberal-conservative party and the main alternative to "the extremes" of [[Yednosc!]] and of [[Obrichko Dursila|Dursila]]'s {{wp|Anarchism|Anarchists}}.<br />
<br />
Urshlo's victory in the 1964 elections was already tenuous, he barely won the mayorship and his party lost its majority in the Parliament. His second term was thus an awkward cohabitation between himself and a parliament led by the Socialist party [[Skozi]]. It's during this mandate that Urshlo would strengthen his anti-corruption campaign, and where the violence between Anarchists and [[Blue Guards]]reached its peak to the point observers began to wonder if the young Second Mervoshia was already on its last leg. [[Angrast]] and the central Drev Valley were especially susceptible to this violence while less politicaly diverses cities like [[Pristlav]], which had always been a Nepserot bastion, quickly ended their own troubles and remained peaceful allowing Urshlo's economic reforms to have their full effect.<br />
<br />
By 1968, despite a decrease in violence, the dismembering of many Blue Guards, and the emprisonment of the last few Countryside Chieftains and of their men radicalized by the anti-corruption campaign, and the unwavering support of the Periclean Coast to Nepserot, the rest of the country had gotten tired of Marveil Urshlo. In 1969, his party lost the presidency and could only maintain itself in the eastern bastion. Despite this, Urshlo would manage to maintain at the head of the party and would spend the rest of his political life as Mayor of Pristlav. In 1975 he passed down the leadership of Nepserot to his designated successor: [[Sargaï Bharamut]], the son-in-law of Urshlo's long-time friend and collaborator [[Andras Lugos]]. <br />
<br />
===Post-Urshlo struggles===<br />
[[File:Colshikishima001.jpg|200px|thumb|Sargaï Bharamut on his 1984 electoral poster]]<br />
Unfortunately, [[Sargaï Bharamut]] was not as popular nor as charismatic as his predecessor and inherited a party struggling with the fatigue left by the anti-corruption campaigns and Urshlo reforms. Sargaï Bharamut, once himself a leader of the Blue Guards and a close parent of one of Drevstran' [[Oldokem|wealthiest family]], proved to be a constant reminder of the darker and more troubled aspect of the party, an image other leaders were trying to get rid off.<br />
<br />
As a result in 1974, Sargaï brought to Nepserot its worst results to date in a Mayoral election, not even reaching the second turn. This opened the door to all sorts of criticisms and controversies from within the party. Ultimately, it led to a scission within Nepserot.<br />
<br />
While Sargaï had a reputation for brutality and authoritarianism, he also defended a secular, unitary view of the state and was a most orthodox inheritor of Marveïl Urshlo’ politics. Meanwhile, the secessionists created their own “union”, one concerned with preservation of society’ traditions and values. They allied themselves with the “survivors” of the politico-religious parties and other ethnics interest groups to form [[Yedviro]] in 1976. The formation proved unable to win the mayoral elections of 1979, but neither could Sargaï Bharamut who was forced to abandon the position of party leader.<br />
<br />
===Ozyman Era (1980 - 1999)===<br />
[[File:Parviz Meshkatian.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Lecto Ozyman]] at a presentation for 1991 Nepserot Summer Camp]]<br />
After a period of confusion, it's Lecto Ozman who emerge as the undisputed leader of Nepserot. The "Scholar" to Sargaï' "Warrior", he was a friend of Marveil Urshlo and known for his work on liberalism and international exchanges. He first consolidated the party around his own faction, known as the [[Vizerad Clique]], and then expanded Nepserot by creating a real social program that had sorely been lacking.<br />
<br />
Lecto' relationship to Sargaï Bharamut, who remained the figurehead of the party' conservative wing, was complicated. Both agreed on international and economic issues, but disagreed strongly on social ones. Lecto defeat in 1984 in the Mayoral Run led to a complicated era of "cohabitation" between the two men and their factions. Sargaï Bharamut and his "Blue Vets" managed to recover from previous years' lackluster results and to negotiate an agreement with the Vizerad Clique where it is Sargaï who would be presented as the party' official candidate for the 1989 elections.<br />
<br />
Bharamut's image as a Strongman was no longer an issue for large portions of the Drevstranese population. His results in the first turn of 1989 Mayoral run are the best numbers ever registered by Nepserot, both in proportion of the electorate and in raw number of voter who rallied behind his name. But nonetheless, he failed to win the election again, ending any desillusion his own supporters had of him being a viable candidate. Sargaï Bharamut would fall back in line once more and Lecto Ozyman was left as the sole head of Nepserot.<br />
<br />
Lecto Ozyman is the first head of Nepserot to truly push for not only the Liberalisation of the Economy but also the Liberalisation of Society. He notably contrasted his views of an unitarian, centralized, democratic Drevstranese Republic against the positions of other parties such as [[Yednosc!]] "Illiberal State" and [[Yedviro]] "Federal, Clanic, Republic". In 1994 he became the second Mervoret of Drevstran to come from Nepserot' ranks.<br />
<br />
His defeat in 1999 to [[Simon Smeleres]], candidate of Yedviro, was partially explained by the Drevstraneses becoming concerned by his advanced age and growing wary of his economic liberal policies and, more importantly, due to the numerous scandals that had plagued his friends of the Vizerad Group during his Mandate. In 2000 he announced his retirement from politics as he was the target of a judicial procedure studying accusations of corruption and misappropriation of public funds during his mandate. He would die two years later and was ultimately cleared of all charges post-mortem.<br />
<br />
===Gismond Era (2000 - 2012)===<br />
[[File:Jean-Pierre Chevènement — Salon du livre de Paris - 23 mars 2014.JPG|200px|thumb|Elross Gismond]]<br />
[[Elross Gismond]] was originally nicknamed the "First Pupil" of Ozyman but came to represent the more radical wing of the Nepserot movement, embracing the more social aspects of Ozyman' toughts. Gismond was especially popular among the newer generations of adherents in opposition to the "New Old Guard" of the Vizerad Clique. With the numerou judicary problems of the Vizerad Clique, the defeat of Ozyman in the elections of 1999 and his retirement in 2000, Elross Gismond became the new president of Nepserot almost unopposed.<br />
<br />
Without the bureaucratic network of the Vizerad Clique, Gismond lost the legislative elections of 2004. But similarly without the New Old Guard, Gismond was able to bring back Nepserot to the second turn of the Mayoral elections although he would still lose to [[Skozi]]'s candidate: [[Ludos Barn]]. But in 2009 it's [[Simon Smeleres]], candidate of [[Yedviro]] who reached the second turn and this time Gismond was elected Mervoret of Drevstran, the third Nepserot Mayor.<br />
<br />
Gismond mayorship was characterized by widespread social reforms and an intense diplomatic activity as Nepserot' open goal was to find the right balance between national security, free economy, and social cohesion. It ended tragically in 2012 when, while visiting a striking factory, Elross Gismond was assassinated by [[Edmon Skolar]] who stabbed him twice before being seized by security. His motives would remain unknown, although there has been much speculations surrounding them, as Edmon ended up killing himself by escaping police custody and jumping off a bridge. Two hours later, at the Hospital of the Holy Saviour, Elross Gismond became the first Mayor of the Palace to die while still in office.<br />
<br />
===Bharamut era (2014 - present)===<br />
[[File:Bharamut IA Moldy.png|200px|thumb|Mïgrai Bharamut in 2009]]<br />
[[Mïgrai Bharamut]] became President of Nepserot in 2012 following the murder of [[Elross Gismond]]. He placed himself in the continuation of his predecessor, promoting what has often be perceived as “populist social policies”. Said populists accents of his rhetoric and program, plus the outrage sparkled by Elross death and the lack of a coherent opposition since Simon Smeleres was still at the time occupied with his judicial case, allowed Migrai Bharamut to easily win the 2014 elections and the “Bharamist” view on welfare has become the main line of Nepserot. The Party's stance on Liberalism, however, never fluctuated and it continues to push for a greater integration of the country to international markets, promoting the quality and education of its workforce to do so.<br />
<br />
Mïgrai has expanded Drevstran’s social coverages from a very selective set of provisions of social-service to a “cradle-to-the-grave” model. But his most controversial reform was to severly restrict access to said coverages, stressing out the "necessity of citizenship” limiting it to “full-citizenship” and making the access to such status more difficult for people not born from two Drevstraneses parents.<br />
<br />
==Electoral Results==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="8"|[[Mayorship of Drevstran]]<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2"| Election year<br />
! rowspan="2"| Candidate<br />
! colspan="3"| 1st round<br />
! colspan="3"| 2nd round<br />
|-<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
!Rank<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
! 2019<br />
| [[Mïgrai Bharamut]]<br />
| 7,812,000<br />
| 24.8<br />
| 1rst<br />
| 16,348,500<br />
| 51.9 <br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"|1rst<br />
|-<br />
! 2014<br />
| [[Mïgrai Bharamut]]<br />
| 7,938,000<br />
| 25.2<br />
| 1rst<br />
| 19,120,500<br />
| 60.7 <br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"|1rst<br />
|-<br />
! 2009<br />
| [[Elross Gismond]]<br />
| 6,961,500<br />
| 22.1<br />
| 2nd<br />
| 16,506,000<br />
| 52.4<br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"|1rst<br />
|-<br />
! 2004<br />
| [[Elross Gismond]]<br />
| 7,040,000<br />
| 21.5<br />
| 2nd<br />
| 15,390,000<br />
| 48.5<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"|2nd<br />
|-<br />
! 1999<br />
| [[Lecto Ozyman]]<br />
| 6,030,000<br />
| 20.1 <br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"|3rd<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! 1994<br />
| [[Lecto Ozyman]]<br />
| 5,310,000<br />
| 17.7<br />
| 2nd<br />
| 15,450,000 <br />
| 51.5<br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"|1rst<br />
|-<br />
! 1989<br />
| [[Sargaï Bharamut]]<br />
| 9,435,000<br />
| 25.5<br />
| 1rst<br />
| 16,761,000 <br />
| 45.3<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"|2nd<br />
|-<br />
! 1984<br />
| [[Lecto Ozyman]]<br />
| 7,308,000<br />
| 20.0<br />
| 2nd<br />
| 17,411,400<br />
| 49.1<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"|2nd<br />
|-<br />
! 1979<br />
| [[Sargaï Bharamut]]<br />
| 5,106,000<br />
| 22.2<br />
| 2nd<br />
| 11.201.000<br />
| 48.7<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"|2nd<br />
|-<br />
! 1974<br />
| [[Sargaï Bharamut]]<br />
| 4,623,000<br />
| 20.1<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"|3rd<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 1969<br />
| [[Marveil Urshlo]]<br />
| 4,514,400<br />
| 19.8<br />
| 2nd<br />
| 10,419,600<br />
| 45.7<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"|2nd<br />
|-<br />
! 1964<br />
| [[Marveil Urshlo]]<br />
| 4,856,400<br />
| 21.3<br />
| 2nd<br />
| 11,582,400<br />
| 50.8<br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"|1rst<br />
|-<br />
! 1959<br />
| [[Marveil Urshlo]]<br />
| 4,600,000<br />
| 23.0<br />
| 1rst<br />
| 10,820,000<br />
| 54.1<br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"|1rst<br />
|-<br />
! 1954<br />
| [[Marveil Urshlo]]<br />
| 3,700,000<br />
| 18.5<br />
| 2nd<br />
| 6,680,000<br />
| 33.4<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"|2nd<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:100%; line-height:16px;"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="9"|[[Parliament of Drevstran]]<br />
|-<br />
! width="60px"| Election<br />
! width="100px"| Leader<br />
! width="100px"| Seats won<br />
! width="40px"| +/−<br />
! width="30px"| Rank<br />
! width="125px"| Government<br />
! width="125px"| Notes<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 2019|2019]]<br />
| [[Mïgrai Bharamut]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|291|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{decrease}}51<br />
| #1<br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"| Government<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 2014|2014]]<br />
| [[Mïgrai Bharamut]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|342|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{increase}}40<br />
| #1<br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"| Government<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 2009|2009]]<br />
| [[Elross Gismond]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|302|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{increase}}100<br />
| #1<br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"| Government<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 2004|2004]]<br />
| [[Elross Gismond]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|148|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{Decrease}}60<br />
| #1<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 1989|1999]]<br />
| [[Lecto Ozyman]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|208|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{Decrease}}14<br />
| #2<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 1989|1994]]<br />
| [[Lecto Ozyman]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|222|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{Increase}}118<br />
| #1<br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"| Government<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 1984|1989]]<br />
| [[Lecto Ozyman]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|104|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{Increase}}2<br />
| #2<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 1984|1984]]<br />
| [[Lecto Ozyman]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|102|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{Increase}}13<br />
| #2<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 1979|1979]]<br />
| [[Sargaï Bharamut]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|89|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{Decrease}}16<br />
| #3<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 1974|1974]]<br />
| [[Sargaï Bharamut]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|105|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{Decrease}}22<br />
| #2<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 1969|1969]]<br />
| [[Marveil Urshlo]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|127|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{Decrease}}94<br />
| #2<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 1964|1964]]<br />
| [[Marveil Urshlo]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|221|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{Decrease}}103<br />
| #1<br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"| Government<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 1959|1959]]<br />
| [[Marveil Urshlo]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|325|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{increase}}224<br />
| #1<br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"| Government<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 1954|1954]]<br />
| [[Marveil Urshlo]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|101|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{increase}}101<br />
| #2<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[category:Drevstran]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Devink/sandbox8&diff=769417User:Devink/sandbox82024-02-21T03:31:33Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Nysaid Games''' are an international sporting events featuring thousand of athletes from around the world participating in a variety of competitions. They find their origins in the eponymous games of the middle ages which saw athletes from the [[Latium|Latin Empire]], the [[Mutul]], and their respective vassals and allies facing each others every 3 years in the city of [[Nysa]] in modern [[Belfras]]. During the Nysaid, a truce was agreed between all participants.<br />
<br />
The games were resurrected in the wake of the [[Belfro-Mutulese War of 1928|Second Belfro-Mutulese War]] as an effort to mend the relations between the two countries. Some of the adjustments made to the games throughout the 20th and 21th centuries include the creation of Winter Nysaid Games and the Para-Nysaid Games, for athletes with disabilities, and the Youth Nysaid Games. Athletes who compete can be professionals or amateurs.<br />
<br />
==Ancient Nysaid Games==<br />
<br />
==Modern Nysaid Games==<br />
<br />
==International Committee==<br />
<br />
==Commercialisation==<br />
===Budget===<br />
===Marketing===<br />
===Control===<br />
<br />
==Ceremonies==<br />
<br />
==Sports==<br />
<br />
The Nysaid' programme is based mainly on those of the ancient games, where sports were chosen based on a mix of Latins, Mutuleses, and Norumbian games in which at least two thirds of the competing countries could field a team. These included {{wp|Sport of athletics|Athletics}} disciplines (racing, {{wp|Javelin throw}}, {{wp|Shot put}}...), {{wp|Swimming (sport)|swimming}}, {{wp|Ancient Greek boxing|boxing}}, but also team sports such as [[Pitz]], {{wp|Hockey}}, and {{wp|Lacrosse}}.</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Devink/Sandbox2&diff=764067User:Devink/Sandbox22024-02-07T01:18:28Z<p>Devink: </p>
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<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| honorific-prefix =<br />
| name = Simon Smeleres<br />
| honorific-suffix =<br />
| image = Simon smeleres.png<br />
| image_size = 200px<br />
| office = [[Yedviro|President of Yedviro]]<br />
| term = 2024 <br> 1997-2009<br />
| term_start = <br />
| term_end = <br />
| deputy = <br />
| predecessor = <br />
| successor =<br />
| office2 = [[Yedviro Hetmoscar Branch President]]<br />
| term2 = 1991-1997 <br> 2021-2024<br />
| term_start2 = <br />
| term_end2 = <br />
| predecessor2 =<br />
| successor2 =<br />
| office3 = <br />
| term_start3 = <br />
| term_end3 = <br />
| 1blankname3 = <br />
| 1namedata3 = <br />
| predecessor3 = <br />
| successor3 =<br />
| office4 = <br />
| term_start4 = <br />
| term_end4 = <br />
| office5 = Mayor of [[Hirzent-Maria]]<br />
| term_start5 = 2015<br />
| term_end5 = 2020<br />
| office6 = [[Drevstran|Mervoret of Drevstran]]<br />
| term_start6 = 1999<br />
| term_end6 = 2004<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1947|9|18|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Drevstran]]<br />
| death_date =<br />
| death_place =<br />
| birthname = <br />
| spouse =<br />
| party = [[Yedviro]]<br />
| otherparty = Independent (2014-2021)<br />
| children = 5<br />
| residence = <br />
| alma_mater =<br />
| occupation =<br />
| profession = Politician, Lawyer<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Simon David Maridates Smeleres''' is a [[Drevstran]]ese politician born the 18th of August 1947 in the village of [[Hirzent-Maria]]. He is part of the [[Smeleres political dynasty]]: his father is [[Mirkulash Smeleres]], a respected [[Yedviro]] party official and realtor and his mother [[Amaryllis Philaioui]], daughter of [[Maridates Philaioui]], a [[Mesogeia]]n expatriate gemstones trader who lived in [[Angrast]]. Through his father, he is a relative of the [[Siranko]] family, which trace its roots back to both [[Velikoslavia|Velerian]] and [[Lushyodorstag|Lushyod]] nobility. Lawyer by trade, he got into politics early on, joining the Youth-Section of [[Nepserot]] at the age of 16, and then became a party member at 20 but left to join the newly formed [[Yedviro]] in 1976. He served as party official, branch president, mayor of Hirzent-Maria, Delegate to the Parliament, Governor, before becoming President of Yedviro and ultimately Mervoret.<br />
<br />
His 2009 campaign was cut short by the accusations of corruption and treason while serving as Mervoret brought against him by [[Mïgrai Bharamut]]. While he was found non-guilty on treason, the bad press brought by the trial and his condemnation for corruption while in office led to his destitution by the Yedviro Party which ultimately took away his card. He returned to politics in 2015 as an Independent, running for the Mayorship of his birthplace. His successful comeback and rekindled popularity has allowed him to rejoin Yedviro, ultimately returning to the position of President with the mission of winning the 2024 General Elections.<br />
<br />
==Early Life==<br />
Simon Smeleres was born on the 18th of August 1947 at the St-Jon Bazimilion Hospital in [[Petrograve]] to [Mirkulash Smeleres]] and [[Amaryllis Philaioui|Smeleres]], born Philaioui. The Smeleres are a cadet branch of the wider Siranko family and arrived in [[Hetmoscar]], the northernmost region of [[Drevstran]] on the border with [[Arazija]], when the formation of the Triple-Crown when garrison towns were created on the border due to the risk of troubles from [[Ludvosiya]] spilling over. His grandfather, [[David Smeleres]] had been Magistrate of Petrograve and supported [[Prince Farza of Kaposlovar]] and his Golden Columns during the [[Drevstranese Civil War]] before serving as Deputy of Hetmoscar in the First Republic. His father Mirkulash inherited his father' position within the upper society of Petrograve. But the Smeleres would end up drawing the ire of [[Vernesto Skolad]]. David and his children, including Mirkulash, were arrested and imprisoned. David Smeleres would die in jail in 1949. Mirkulash and the rest of the family would only be freed in 1953 after the Black Streets Days and the creation of the Second Republic. He would be one of [[Nepserot]] first adherent in the north and represent the party in his region.<br />
<br />
His maternal grandfather, [[Maridates Philaioui]], had moved from [[Mesogeia]] to Drevstran as a representative for his family' diamond, gemstone, and jewelries trade. He possibly chose to settle permanently in [[Angrast]] due to his [[Aletheic Church|Aletheic faith]] which has often been victim of persecutions in Mesogeia. In the end, he became a fixture of the capital' upper society. His daughter, [[Amaryllis Philaioui|Smeleres]], would meet Mirkulash Smeleres during a reception and the two married in 1946, 10 months before their first son birth. Amaryllis was arrested alongside her husband but was allowed to return in house arrest to take care of their underaged child.<br />
<br />
In 1965, Simon Smeleres integrated the prestigious [[Saint Julian University]] in [[Angrast]], in its Legal Studies Cursus. At 23 years old, in 1970, he passed his bar examination and became an associated lawyer at [[Mount-Peregrin Legal Counseling]] back in [[Petrograve]], a firm partly owned by one of Mirkulash known friend. He served as a lawyer until 1976, when events would precipitate his political career.<br />
<br />
==Political ascension==<br />
===Deputation===<br />
The electoral failures of 1974 pushed Nepserot' inner divisions to the forefront, notably the critics against [[Sargaï Bharamut]] turned into outright hostility. In the end, the party split up in three, with [[Priatselvo]] and [[Baratsag]] parties going their own way before merging, alongside other fringe political forces, into a new party in 1976: [[Yedviro]].<br />
<br />
Simon Smeleres had followed the dissidents and joined Priatselvo and ultimately took his card at Yedviro. The relative lack of manpower allowed Simon to gain the support of the party as he ran for the Mayorship of Petrograve, where he remained a local figurehead of the Party from 1980 to 1990.</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Devink/Sandbox2&diff=763471User:Devink/Sandbox22024-02-06T04:17:59Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| honorific-prefix =<br />
| name = Simon Smeleres<br />
| honorific-suffix =<br />
| image = Simon smeleres.png<br />
| image_size = 200px<br />
| office = [[Yedviro|President of Yedviro]]<br />
| term = 2024 <br> 1997-2009<br />
| term_start = <br />
| term_end = <br />
| deputy = <br />
| predecessor = <br />
| successor =<br />
| office2 = [[Yedviro Hetmoscar Branch President]]<br />
| term2 = 1991-1997 <br> 2021-2024<br />
| term_start2 = <br />
| term_end2 = <br />
| predecessor2 =<br />
| successor2 =<br />
| office3 = <br />
| term_start3 = <br />
| term_end3 = <br />
| 1blankname3 = <br />
| 1namedata3 = <br />
| predecessor3 = <br />
| successor3 =<br />
| office4 = <br />
| term_start4 = <br />
| term_end4 = <br />
| office5 = Mayor of [[Hirzent-Maria]]<br />
| term_start5 = 2015<br />
| term_end5 = 2020<br />
| office6 = [[Drevstran|Mervoret of Drevstran]]<br />
| term_start6 = 1999<br />
| term_end6 = 2004<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1947|9|18|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Drevstran]]<br />
| death_date =<br />
| death_place =<br />
| birthname = <br />
| spouse =<br />
| party = [[Yedviro]]<br />
| otherparty = Independent (2014-2021)<br />
| children = 5<br />
| residence = <br />
| alma_mater =<br />
| occupation =<br />
| profession = Politician, Lawyer<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Simon David Maridates Smeleres''' is a [[Drevstran]]ese politician born the 18th of August 1947 in the village of [[Hirzent-Maria]]. He is part of the [[Smeleres political dynasty]]: his father is [[Mirkulash Smeleres]], a respected [[Yedviro]] party official and realtor and his mother [[Amaryllis Philaioui]], daughter of [[Maridates Philaioui]], a [[Mesogeia]]n expatriate gemstones trader who lived in [[Angrast]]. Through his father, he is a relative of the [[Siranko]] family, which trace its roots back to both [[Velikoslavia|Velerian]] and [[Lushyodorstag|Lushyod]] nobility. Lawyer by trade, he got into politics early on, joining the Youth-Section of [[Nepserot]] at the age of 16, and then became a party member at 20 but left to join the newly formed [[Yedviro]] in 1976. He served as party official, branch president, mayor of Hirzent-Maria, Delegate to the Parliament, Governor, before becoming President of Yedviro and ultimately Mervoret.<br />
<br />
His 2009 campaign was cut short by the accusations of corruption and treason while serving as Mervoret brought against him by [[Mïgrai Bharamut]]. While he was found non-guilty on treason, the bad press brought by the trial and his condemnation for corruption while in office led to his destitution by the Yedviro Party which ultimately took away his card. He returned to politics in 2015 as an Independent, running for the Mayorship of his birthplace. His successful comeback and rekindled popularity has allowed him to rejoin Yedviro, ultimately returning to the position of President with the mission of winning the 2024 General Elections.<br />
<br />
==Early Life==<br />
Simon Smeleres was born on the 18th of August 1947 at the St-Jon Bazimilion Hospital in [[Petrograve]] to [Mirkulash Smeleres]] and [[Amaryllis Philaioui|Smeleres]], born Philaioui. The Smeleres are a cadet branch of the wider Siranko family and arrived in [[Hetmoscar]], the northernmost region of [[Drevstran]] on the border with [[Arazija]], when the formation of the Triple-Crown when garrison towns were created on the border due to the risk of troubles from [[Ludvosiya]] spilling over. His grandfather, [[David Smeleres]] had been Magistrate of Petrograve and supported [[Prince Farza of Kaposlovar]] and his Golden Columns during the [[Drevstranese Civil War]] before serving as Deputy of Hetmoscar in the First Republic. His father Mirkulash inherited his father' position within the upper society of Petrograve. But the Smeleres would end up drawing the ire of [[Vernesto Skolad]]. David and his children, including Mirkulash, were arrested and imprisoned. David Smeleres would die in jail in 1949. Mirkulash and the rest of the family would only be freed in 1953 after the Black Streets Days and the creation of the Second Republic. He would be one of [[Nepserot]] first adherent in the north and represent the party in his region.<br />
<br />
His maternal grandfather, [[Maridates Philaioui]], had moved from [[Mesogeia]] to Drevstran as a representative for his family' diamond, gemstone, and jewelries trade. He possibly chose to settle permanently in [[Angrast]] due to his [[Aletheic Church|Aletheic faith]] which has often been victim of persecutions in Mesogeia. In the end, he became a fixture of the capital' upper society. His daughter, [[Amaryllis Philaioui|Smeleres]], would meet Mirkulash Smeleres during a reception and the two married in 1946, 10 months before their first son birth. Amaryllis was arrested alongside her husband but was allowed to return in house arrest to take care of their underaged child.<br />
<br />
In 1965, Simon Smeleres integrated the prestigious [[Saint Julian University]] in [[Angrast]], in its Legal Studies Cursus. At 23 years old, in 1970, he passed his bar examination and became an associated lawyer at [[Mount-Peregrin Legal Counseling]] back in [[Petrograve]], a firm partly owned by one of Mirkulash known friend. He served as a lawyer until 1976, when events would precipitate his political career.</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Simon_smeleres.png&diff=763461File:Simon smeleres.png2024-02-06T03:28:39Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Devink/Sandbox2&diff=763376User:Devink/Sandbox22024-02-06T00:59:03Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| honorific-prefix =<br />
| name = Simon Smeleres<br />
| honorific-suffix =<br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = 200px<br />
| office = [[Yedviro|President of Yedviro]]<br />
| term = 2024 <br> 1997-2009<br />
| term_start = <br />
| term_end = <br />
| deputy = <br />
| predecessor = <br />
| successor =<br />
| office2 = [[Yedviro Hetmoscar Branch President]]<br />
| term2 = 1991-1997 <br> 2021-2024<br />
| term_start2 = <br />
| term_end2 = <br />
| predecessor2 =<br />
| successor2 =<br />
| office3 = <br />
| term_start3 = <br />
| term_end3 = <br />
| 1blankname3 = <br />
| 1namedata3 = <br />
| predecessor3 = <br />
| successor3 =<br />
| office4 = <br />
| term_start4 = <br />
| term_end4 = <br />
| office5 = Mayor of [[Hirzent-Maria]]<br />
| term_start5 = 2015<br />
| term_end5 = 2020<br />
| office6 = [[Drevstran|Mervoret of Drevstran]]<br />
| term_start6 = 1999<br />
| term_end6 = 2004<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1947|9|18|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Drevstran]]<br />
| death_date =<br />
| death_place =<br />
| birthname = <br />
| spouse =<br />
| party = [[Yedviro]]<br />
| otherparty = Independent<br />
| children = 5<br />
| residence = <br />
| alma_mater =<br />
| occupation =<br />
| profession = Politician, Lawyer<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Simon Smeleres''' is a [[Drevstran]]ese politician born the 18th of August 1947 in the village of [[Hirzent-Maria]]. He is part of the [[Smeleres political dynasty]]: his father is [[Mirkulash Smeleres]], a respected [[Yedviro]] party official and realtor and his mother [[Amaryllis Philaioui]], daughter of [[Mithridates Philaioui]], a [[Mesogeia]]n expatriate gemstones trader who lived in [[Angrast]]. Through his father, he is a relative of the [[Siranko]] family, which trace its roots back to both [[Velikoslavia|Velerian]] and [[Lushyodorstag|Lushyod]] nobility. Lawyer by trade, he got into politics early on, joining the Youth-Section of [[Yedviro]] at the age of 16, and then became a party member at 20. He served as party official, branch president, mayor of Hirzent-Maria, Delegate to the Parliament, Governor, before becoming President of Yedviro and ultimately Mervoret.<br />
<br />
His 2009 campaign was cut short by the accusations of corruption and treason while serving as Mervoret brought against him by [[Mïgrai Bharamut]]. While he was found non-guilty on treason, the bad press brought by the trial and his condemnation for corruption while in office led to his destitution by the Yedviro Party which ultimately took away his card. He returned to politics in 2015 as an Independent, running for the Mayorship of his birthplace. His successful comeback and rekindled popularity has allowed him to rejoin Yedviro, ultimately returning to the position of President with the mission of winning the 2024 General Elections.</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Devink/Sandbox2&diff=763207User:Devink/Sandbox22024-02-05T21:01:24Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| honorific-prefix =<br />
| name = Simon Smeleres<br />
| honorific-suffix =<br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = 200px<br />
| office = [[Yedviro|President of Yedviro]]<br />
| term = 2024 <br> 1997-2009<br />
| term_start = <br />
| term_end = <br />
| deputy = <br />
| predecessor = <br />
| successor =<br />
| office2 = [[Yedviro Hetmoscar Branch President]]<br />
| term2 = 1991-1997 <br> 2021-2024<br />
| term_start2 = <br />
| term_end2 = <br />
| predecessor2 =<br />
| successor2 =<br />
| office3 = President of the [[Hetmoscar Kozosheg]]<br />
| term_start3 = 2015<br />
| term_end3 = 2020<br />
| 1blankname3 = <br />
| 1namedata3 = <br />
| predecessor3 = <br />
| successor3 =<br />
| office4 = <br />
| term_start4 = <br />
| term_end4 = <br />
| office5 = Mayor of [[Hir-Szent-Maria]]<br />
| term_start5 = 2015<br />
| term_end5 = 2020<br />
| office6 = [[Drevstran|Mervoret of Drevstran]]<br />
| term_start6 = 1999<br />
| term_end6 = 2004<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1947|9|18|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Drevstran]]<br />
| death_date =<br />
| death_place =<br />
| birthname = <br />
| spouse =<br />
| party = [[Yedviro]]<br />
| otherparty = Independent<br />
| children = 5<br />
| residence = <br />
| alma_mater =<br />
| occupation =<br />
| profession = Politician<br />
}}</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Divine_Monarchy_of_the_Mutul&diff=761830Divine Monarchy of the Mutul2024-02-02T21:58:09Z<p>Devink: /* Titles, Styles, Honors */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox Monarchy<br />
| border = <br />
| royal_title = Divine Lord<br />
| realm = The Mutul<br />
| native_name = K'uhul Ajaw<br />
| coatofarms = Tikal_(glyph).png<br />
| coatofarms_article = Glyph-emblem of the K'uhul Ajaw<br />
| type = non-commonwealth<br />
| image = Fin's_Paint_Ajaw_red.png<br />
| incumbent = [[Jasaw Chan K'awiil V]]<br />
| incumbentsince = 12 September 1991<br />
| his/her = His Holiness <br />
| heir_apparent = [[Janab Pacaal]]<br />
| heir_presumptive = <br />
| first_monarch = Unknown<br />
| date = {{circa}} 3000 BC<br />
| residence = Chak Yaxnah Ho’kan, K'uhul Muul, [[K'alak Muul]]<br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
The '''Divine Lord''' ({{wp|Maya languages|Mutli}}: ''K'uhul Ajaw'') is the head of state and chief executive of the [[Mutul]]. In traditional Mutulese religious and political theory, the Divine Lord is considered the mortal aspect of {{wp|Chaac|Chaak}}, god of the rain, storms, and lightnings. Divine Lords sharing the same family are classified in historical periods known as '''Dynasties'''. The current Dynasty is the 12th recorded, the {{wp|Kʼicheʼ people|Ilok'tab Nimja}} and ascended to the throne during the early 12th century. Since 1991, the Divine Lord is [[Jasaw Chan K'awiil V]], 402th bearer of the title.<br />
<br />
The oldest known use of the title of ''K'uhul Ajaw'' is five thousand years old, back during the days of the [[Paol'lunyu Dynasty]]. Despite many civil wars, struggles, and regime changes, the title never really fell out of use and was transmitted in a nearly un-broken succession. At time however, it was necessary to distinguish the ''K'uhul Mutul Ajaw'' from other Divine Lords, such as the ''K'ul B'ak Ajaw'' or the ''K'ul Xepi Ajaw'', Divine Lords from other concurrent realms who did not place themselves in the traditional succession line but whom divine natures were nonetheless recognized by the Mutul proper.<br />
<br />
Historically, some texts used "Emperor" as a translation for the title. This fell out of use and modern official etiquette guides, published by the [[Mutul|Divine Throne]] for foreign officials and visitors, consider such translation to be improper, advising to prefer the "correct" translation of Divine Lord or to plainly use K'uhul Ajaw instead. In modern Mutli, the word "Emperor" is translated by ''Kaloomt'e'', a title denoting martial qualities and high-rank, like for ''Imperator'', but without any religious connotation.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
The word "K'uhul Ajaw" is known from several {{wp|Mayan languages|Mutuleses languages}} albeit with some variations. "Ajaw" is the modernised orthography in the official [[Writing systems in the Mutul"Chi'niin Script|Ch'iniin Script]]. Before, foreign scholars or chroniclers more commonly written it as "Ahau" and was translated as meaning either "lord", "ruler", "king" or "leader".<br />
<br />
During pre-dynastic times, ''K'uhul Ajaw'' indicates a sovereign leader of a polity although it could be applied to persons who in theory recognised the overlordship of another ruler, if their own prestige was great enough. It's only with the ||Paol'lunyu Dynasty]] that the term would come to be reserved to the overlord of Kaminyajunlyu and Ajaw was limited to indicate vassal kings and other members of the aristocracy.<br />
<br />
The earliest recorded use of the ''Kuhul Ajaw'' logograph is from the pre-dynastic city of K'o in a tombe that has been dated to the 16th millenium BC.<br />
<br />
==Succession==<br />
<br />
The Succession is governed by traditions and customs that were only written down in 1840. There is no institution or individual, not even the K'uhul Ajaw himself, to whom the power to change these laws because they are not considered the work of a legislative assembly, but the synthesis made by a council of experts, lawyers, and historians who were given the task to study all record cases of successions in the Mutul. Thus the official name of these "laws" is "''Detailed Description and Theorization of the Modalities of the Reincarnation Cycle of the Mortal Chaak as it has been observed for the past ten {{wp|Maya calendar#Long Count|B'akt'un}}''". But ultimately the laws regulating the succession are quite precise.<br />
<br />
The K'uhul Ajaw is considered the mortal and physical aspect of the god {{wp|Chaac|Chaak}}. All his direct children are considered ''Sons of Chaak'' or ''Blood of Chaak'' to the first degree. His nephews are ''Sons of Chaak'' to the second degree and so on. One's degree of blood is the first parameter taken into consideration in the order of succession. Children born outside of the official regal couple from a reigning K'uhul Ajaw are also considered in the succession order. The third parameter is the gender of the claimant, with women being placed after the males ''only in the same brotherhood''. That mean the daughter of a K'uhul Ajaw's second brother is still above her cousins from the same K'uhul Ajaw's third brother in the succession line. This lead us to the third paramter taken into consideration : the order of birth, with the eldest individual being above his siblings in the succession line. Thus the Divine Throne's succession is governed ''de facto'' by {{wp|primogeniture|male-preference cognatic primogeniture}}. It is not possible for an individual to renounce his or her right of succession.<br />
<br />
Upon the death of a sovereign, their heir immediately and automatically succeeds even if they are not technically considered of Divine Nature yet and are only known as a ''Chosen Vessel''. It's only through the coronation ritual that the Physical Aspect of Chaak is considered to be fully incarnated in the new K'uhul Ajaw and that his nature is now entirely divine. This is also considered to renew the blood and flesh of the Divine Lord, thus all his children will be considered Sons of Chaak to the first degree, making sure that they are above their uncles and their own bloodlines in the succession line. The Mutulese clergy has also developed a ritual allowing children the Divine King had before his coronation by, essentially, mixing the father and children's blood with chocolate and making them drink the beverage. It is precised that such rituals only work for the direct descendent of the K'uhul Ajaw and that "''The opinion of Master Scholars in Theology and Metaphysics, who have spent their life studying the rules and reasons behind the Covenants, are all in agreement that such ritual can only work with the direct descendent of the recently ascended Divine Lord. Even with the agreement of the K'uhul Ajaw, no other family member or any individual for that matter can enjoy the privilege of seeing his blood raised to an higher standard by this method if he has not previously gone through the previous ritual of adoption that would've made him into the perfect and natural children of the K'uhul Ajaw.''"<br />
<br />
===Restriction by religion===<br />
<br />
"''Without any known case in the records of the Divine Throne, there are difficulties to know for sure the restrictions a possible Vessel's beliefs pose on his abilities to incarnate the Mortal Aspect of Chaak. However, Theologians studies of the matter beyond simple observations, and common sense, allows us to make the following general rules for the establishment of the Succession Order.''" Thus the "Detailed Description and Theorization"'s article on Religion start. What the legislators and scholars of the 19th century chose as a solution to the problem of the "vessel's beliefs" is thus : The K'uhul Ajaw, in his role of highest ranking priest of the Divine Kingdom, must practice the rituals and teachings of the [[White Path]] and respect all the Covenants passed with the gods. However, he is not obligated to marry a [[White Path|White Pilgrim]] and the place of their children in the succession line would not be questioned. She or he, however, won't be able to claim the status of physical aspect of the Corn god as he or she won't be able to go through the ritual of ascension. Undergoing the ritual, however, is considered act of convertion. Practicing rituals from other polytheistic religions, such as the {{wp|Shinto|Gods Path}}, isn't considered an immediate rupture of the Covenants. But the worship of "false idols" such as the {{wp|God|Abrahamic God}} will mark an immediate descent from their divine position "''Be such worship known or not to any institution, as it will immediately be known to the Universe''".<br />
<br />
Such reasoning is also applied to the K'uhul Ajaw who, because of his status as a living divine aspect and religious leader of the Mutul, cannot be of any other religion than the White Path. Individuals from any other religions are deemed "naturally dead" for succession purposes.<br />
<br />
==Powers==<br />
<br />
To this day the K'uhul Ajaw retain vast powers of the administration of the [[Mutul]], being both the {{wp|Head of state}}, {{wp|Head of government}}, {{wp|Legislature|Head of the legislature}}, {{wp|Judiciary|Head of the Judiciary}}, [[White Path|Religious Head of the Mutul's White Path]] and [[Mutulese Army|Supreme commander of the Mutulese Army]]. For each of these branchs, there exist institutions who can take decision in the absence or with the participation of the Divine Lord, but even the most distant Divine Lords have retained and used of their powers to oversee and check these various assemblies, councils, departments and ministers and their actions to better harmonize the political agenda of the Divine Kingdom.<br />
<br />
===Religious role===<br />
<br />
As the Highest Priest of the Mutulese [[White Path]], the K'uhul Ajaw is in charge of appointing the {{wp|Maya priesthood|Ajaw K'in}} and {{wp|Maya priesthood|Aj K'in Mai}}. There are thirteen Ajaw K'in in the Mutul, whom together form the highest religious instance of the country, second only to the Divine Lord. The K'uhul Ajaw has no role or power over other Sakbe institutions elsewhere in the world.<br />
<br />
==Court==<br />
===Court Ranking===<br />
<br />
The apex of all aspects of society is the Divine Lord. Because of this {{wp|absolutism|absolute}} status, the K'uhul Ajaw is surrounded by an important court, the '''K'uhul Pop'''. Over the 3,000 years of the Mutul's existence, the K'uhul Pop has acquired a complex and detailed {{wp|etiquette}} and all-reaching protocols. One of such protocols are the "Court Ranks", which determine the proximity of their holders to the royal power. These ranks can be categorized as such:<br />
* [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|Ch'ajnah]] (''Blood relative'')<br />
* Apax (''Close Childhood Friend'')<br />
* B'isp'iya (''Blessed Friends'')<br />
* P'iya (''Friends'')<br />
* Dynastic Relatives<br />
* Non-Dynastic Relatives<br />
<br />
The Ch'ajnah (''lit. "Umbilical Cord"'') correspond to a serie of ranks automatically granted to individuals who share direct blood ties with the Divine Lord. The constitution only grant the title to individuals only two-generations distant from the K'uhul Ajaw (at least one grandparent in common). These titles are themselves ranked as such:<br />
* {{wp|Maya_maize_god#Female_and_male_deities|Ixim}} (''Either the {{wp|Queen Dowager}} or {{wp|Queen consort}}'')<br />
* {{wp|Queen consort|Ixan}} (''{{wp|Queen consort}} only if there's already an Ixim'')<br />
* {{wp|Heir apparent|B'ah Ch'ok Ajaw}} (''lit. "Head Young Prince"'')<br />
* {{wp|Ch'ok Ajaw}} (''Younger brothers of the B'ah Ch'ok Ajaw'')<br />
* K'uhul Ichan; K'uhul Kitan (''Divine Maternal; Paternal Uncle'')<br />
* Ch'ich'ok (''Nephews or Grandchildren'')<br />
<br />
Like the K'uhul Ajaw, the Mutul's Divine Queen is coronated through a ceremony that ritually ascend her to the status of goddess as the mortal aspect of {{wp|Maya_maize_god#Female_and_male_deities|Ixim}}, itself the female aspect of the maize deity associated with agriculture and control over nature. When there's already a {{wp|Queen Dowager}} at the moment of the coronation, the Queen consort is instead titled "Ixan", the goddess of young ears of maize and spring corn. In these situations where there's two "Queens", the eldest might also be given the title of "Ix Sihom", or "Lady Winter Maize". <br />
<br />
==Titles, Styles, Honors==<br />
The traditional full title of the K'uhul Ajaw is :<br />
:The Holy Lord.<br />
The most common and acceptable way of address the K'uhul Ajaw is "Your Divine Lordship" upon first instance, and "Your Holiness" thereafter. In Mutulese etiquette, "Your Majesty" is reserved to administrators of inferior ranks, such as the {{wp|Kʼicheʼ people|Ajpop}}.<br />
<br />
In the Mutul, there's always been an inverse correlation in the length of a title and its position in the hierarchy, longer titles being generally more honorific charges that could be bought.<br />
<br />
==Residences==<br />
The main residence of the K'uhul Ajaw is the [[Chak Yaxnah Hokan]], ''"Grand Precious Palace of the Five Throne"'', or ''"Grand Jade Palace"'', on the K'uhul Hill, in [[K'alak Muul]]. The Grand Jade Palace is also the seat of the government, containing the Divine Office, the Divine Throne, and the meeting place of the [[Council of the Four Bacabs]]. But the Divine Monarchy owns a number of other properties thourought the country, like the <br />
''Janab' Witz'' in the [[K'umakaj Kingdom]], the ''Nim Tuyulja'' north of the {{wp|Zaculeu|Sakule}}, the capital of the [[Sakkab' Kingdom]] and original seat of power of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]], and the [[Nahmaknab']], "House by the Lake", built during the 19th century in the [[Ch'aha Kingdom]] as a vacation site for the Divine Lord and his family.<br />
<center><Gallery><br />
Imperial_Hotel_Wright_House.jpg|The [[Chak Yaxnah Hokan]], the seat of the [[Mutul|Divine Throne]] and principal residence of the K'uhul Ajaw.<br />
Tikal North Acropolis.png|The ''Royal Necropolis'' is a collection of temples, shrines, and mausoleum where most of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|Ilok'tab]] K'uhul Ajaw are burried. It's also the birthplace of most K'uhul Ajaws, as its western wing serves as the Queen's residence during the late stage of her pregnancy.<br />
Koshien_Hotel.jpg|The Janab' Witz, named after the closest equivalent to a paradise in [[White Path|Sakbe]], is located outside of the {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} capital of {{wp|Qu'markaj|K'umakaj}}.<br />
Anxo Mijan Nunnery Quadrangle.jpg|The Nim Tuyulja has been heavily modified through its rich history, but has retained its basic long rectangular shape.<br />
Palenque-the_palace.jpg|A representation of the Nahmaknab' with its tower and its neo-classical architectural style. <br />
<br />
</Gallery></center><br />
<br />
{{Mutul Topics|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Ajax]]<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:current monarchies]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Devink/Sandbox2&diff=760928User:Devink/Sandbox22024-02-01T02:46:55Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| honorific-prefix =<br />
| name = Simon Smeleres<br />
| honorific-suffix =<br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = 200px<br />
| office = [[Yedviro|President of Yedviro]] (Second Mandate) <br />
| term_start = 2024<br />
| term_end = <br />
| deputy = <br />
| predecessor = [[Giskro Tumeny]]<br />
| successor =<br />
| office2 = [[Yedviro Hetmoscar Branch President]]<br />
| term_start2 = 2021<br />
| term_end2 = 2024<br />
| predecessor2 = [[Giskro Tumeny]]<br />
| successor2 = [[Jonas Orthraki]]<br />
| office3 = President of the [[Hetmoscar Kozosheg]]<br />
| term_start3 = 2015<br />
| term_end3 = 2020<br />
| 1blankname3 = <br />
| 1namedata3 = <br />
| predecessor3 = <br />
| successor3 =<br />
| office4 = Mayor of [[Hir-Szent-Maria]]<br />
| term_start4 = 2015<br />
| term_end4 = 2020<br />
| office5 = Mayor of [[Hir-Szent-Maria]]<br />
| term_start5 = 2015<br />
| term_end5 = 2020<br />
| office6 = [[Drevstran|Mervoret of Drevstran]]<br />
| term_start6 = 1999<br />
| term_end6 = 2004<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1947|9|18|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Drevstran]]<br />
| death_date =<br />
| death_place =<br />
| birthname = <br />
| spouse =<br />
| party = [[Yedviro]]<br />
| otherparty = Independent<br />
| children = 5<br />
| residence = <br />
| alma_mater =<br />
| occupation =<br />
| profession = Politician<br />
}}</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Devink/Sandbox2&diff=760926User:Devink/Sandbox22024-02-01T02:39:08Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| honorific-prefix =<br />
| name = Simon Smeleres<br />
| honorific-suffix =<br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = 200px<br />
| office = [[Yedviro|President of Yedviro]] (Second Mandate) <br />
| term_start = 2024<br />
| term_end = <br />
| deputy = <br />
| predecessor = [[Giskro Tumeny]]<br />
| successor = <br />
| office2 = [[Yedviro Hetmoscar Branch President]]<br />
| term_start2 = 2021<br />
| term_end2 = 2024<br />
| predecessor2 = [[Giskro Tumeny]]<br />
| successor2 = [[Jonas Orthraki]]<br />
| office3 = President of the [[Hetmoscar Kozosheg]]<br />
| term_start3 = 2015<br />
| term_end3 = 2020<br />
| 1blankname3 = <br />
| 1namedata3 = <br />
| predecessor3 = <br />
| successor3 =<br />
| office4 = Mayor of [[Hir-Szent-Maria]]<br />
| term_start4 = 2015<br />
| term_end4 = 2020<br />
| office5 = Mayor of [[Hir-Szent-Maria]]<br />
| term_start5 = 2015<br />
| term_end5 = 2020<br />
| office6 = [[Drevstran|Mervoret of Drevstran]]<br />
| term_start6 = 1999<br />
| term_end6 = 2004<br />
| office7 = [[Yedviro|President of Yedviro]]<br />
| term_start7 = <br />
| term_end7 = 2004<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1947|9|18|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Drevstran]]<br />
| death_date =<br />
| death_place =<br />
| birthname = <br />
| spouse =<br />
| party = [[Yedviro]]<br />
| otherparty = Independent<br />
| children = 5<br />
| residence = <br />
| alma_mater =<br />
| occupation =<br />
| profession = Politician<br />
}}</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Yedviro&diff=760456Yedviro2024-01-31T01:36:10Z<p>Devink: Created page with "{{Region_icon_Ajax}} {{Infobox political party |name = Yedviro |native_name = |lang1 = |logo = Yedviro.png |logo_size..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox political party<br />
|name = Yedviro<br />
|native_name = <br />
|lang1 = <br />
|logo = Yedviro.png<br />
|logo_size = 200px<br />
|colorcode = #008000ff<br />
|leader = [[Simon Smeleres]]<br />
|chairman = <br />
|chairperson = <br />
|founder = <br />
|leader1_title = <br />
|leader1_name = <br />
|founded = {{Start date|1976|03|11|df=y}}<br />
|dissolved = <br />
|merger = <br />
|split = [[Nepserot]]<br />
|predecessor = <br />
|merged = <br />
|successor = <br />
|headquarters = 23 Stefan Gazcü Street, [[Angrast]], [[Drevstran]]<br />
|newspaper = <br />
|student_wing = <br />
|youth_wing = <br />
|wing1_title = <br />
|wing1 = <br />
|wing2_title = <br />
|wing2 = <br />
|wing3_title = <br />
|wing3 = <br />
|membership_year =<br />
|membership = <br />
|ideology = {{wp|Big tent}} <br> {{wp|National conservatism}} <br> {{wp|Economic liberalism}} <br> {{wp|Social conservatism}}<br />
|religion = <br />
|national = <br />
|international = <br />
|colors = {{colorbox|#008000ff}} Green <br> {{colorbox|White}} White<br />
|blank1_title = <br />
|blank1 = <br />
|blank2_title = <br />
|blank2 = <br />
|blank3_title = <br />
|blank3 = <br />
|affiliation1_title = <br />
|affiliation1 = <br />
|seats1_title = [[Parliament of Drevstran]]<br />
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|101|561|hex=#008000ff}} <br />
|seats2_title = [[Presidents of Departments]]<br />
|seats2 = {{Composition bar|34|77|hex=#008000ff}}<br />
|seats3_title = Local Mayors <br />
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|3807|8004|hex=#008000ff}} <br />
|seats4_title = <br />
|seats4 = <br />
|symbol = <br />
|flag = <br />
|website = <br />
|state = Drevstran<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Yedviro''' is a [[Drevstran]]ese political party created in 1976 from the merger of what was left of the {{wp|Political boss|Countryside Chieftains}} political machines with [[Priatselvo]] and [[Baratsag]], two parties born from a scission within [[Nepserot]]. It's goal was to form a political coalition capable of running for the general elections of 1979.<br />
<br />
The movement founders' were concerned with the preservation of society’ traditions and values, opposing the secular, unitary view of the state promoted by [[Marveil Urshlo]] and his successors. for decades, the movement was mostly a provincial affair, divided in 17 branches each targeting a slightly different demographics. It's only in 1999 that the party was finally able to win the General Elections with [[Simon Smeleres]] becoming the first green-and-white Mervoret of Drevstran. Since then Yedviro has always been the main opposition party to the successive Nepserot governments.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Origins===<br />
===First Smelerid (1995 - 2009)===<br />
===Second Party Rule (2009 - 2022)===<br />
<br />
===Second Smelerid (2022 - Present)===<br />
Simon Smeleres partisans were not entirely gone from the Party. After three elections lost to [[Nepserot]] and twice in a row to [[Mïgrai Bharamut]], the party was forced to reconsider the ex-Mayor of the Palace after every other credible challengers failed. In 2022 Simon Smeleres was chosen by the Party's Inner Circle to be Yedviro new President and, in 2024, agreed to back Smeleres candidacy in that year' General Elections.<br />
<br />
==Organization==<br />
<br />
The Party is divided into 17 branches, each representing either one of the founding movement that united to form Yedviro or a "socio-geographic bloc" important enough to warrant a structure dedicated to its interests. The seventeen Branch Presidents then form the Inner Circle, the highest instance of the Party. It's the Inner Circle who then elect the Party's President who is then free to form his Cabinet, the executive instance of the Party. However, the very segmented and regionalized structure of Yedviro mean that power remain in the Branch Presidents and the Party President is often left acting as an arbiter in case of conflicts between two or more local structures.<br />
<br />
==Ideology and Politics==<br />
<br />
Yedviro' opponents have repeatedly criticized the Party's vision for Drevstran to be one of a "Federal, Clanic, Republic", highly schismatic and fragmented between the various people and nationalities seen as making up the country. Yedviro itself however, as always presented itself as defending the country's traditions, customs, and liberties following the {{wp|Rule of law}} against other increasingly-authoritarian and populist forces. They defend the ideal of Drevstran as a "dual nation state" and the system of [[Ethnicities in Drevstran|National Minorities and Diasporas]] was notably first conceived in Yedviro inner think tanks.<br />
<br />
==Electoral Results==<br />
<br />
[[category:Drevstran]]<br />
[[category:Politics]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Devink/Sandbox2&diff=760454User:Devink/Sandbox22024-01-31T01:35:07Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political party<br />
|name = Yedviro<br />
|native_name = <br />
|lang1 = <br />
|logo = Yedviro.png<br />
|logo_size = 200px<br />
|colorcode = #008000ff<br />
|leader = [[Simon Smeleres]]<br />
|chairman = <br />
|chairperson = <br />
|founder = <br />
|leader1_title = <br />
|leader1_name = <br />
|founded = {{Start date|1976|03|11|df=y}}<br />
|dissolved = <br />
|merger = <br />
|split = [[Nepserot]]<br />
|predecessor = <br />
|merged = <br />
|successor = <br />
|headquarters = 23 Stefan Gazcü Street, [[Angrast]], [[Drevstran]]<br />
|newspaper = <br />
|student_wing = <br />
|youth_wing = <br />
|wing1_title = <br />
|wing1 = <br />
|wing2_title = <br />
|wing2 = <br />
|wing3_title = <br />
|wing3 = <br />
|membership_year =<br />
|membership = <br />
|ideology = {{wp|Big tent}} <br> {{wp|National conservatism}} <br> {{wp|Economic liberalism}} <br> {{wp|Social conservatism}}<br />
|religion = <br />
|national = <br />
|international = <br />
|colors = {{colorbox|#008000ff}} Green <br> {{colorbox|White}} White<br />
|blank1_title = <br />
|blank1 = <br />
|blank2_title = <br />
|blank2 = <br />
|blank3_title = <br />
|blank3 = <br />
|affiliation1_title = <br />
|affiliation1 = <br />
|seats1_title = [[Parliament of Drevstran]]<br />
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|101|561|hex=#008000ff}} <br />
|seats2_title = [[Presidents of Departments]]<br />
|seats2 = {{Composition bar|34|77|hex=#008000ff}}<br />
|seats3_title = Local Mayors <br />
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|3807|8004|hex=#008000ff}} <br />
|seats4_title = <br />
|seats4 = <br />
|symbol = <br />
|flag = <br />
|website = <br />
|state = Drevstran<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Yedviro''' is a [[Drevstran]]ese political party created in 1976 from the merger of what was left of the {{wp|Political boss|Countryside Chieftains}} political machines with [[Priatselvo]] and [[Baratsag]], two parties born from a scission within [[Nepserot]]. It's goal was to form a political coalition capable of running for the general elections of 1979.<br />
<br />
The movement founders' were concerned with the preservation of society’ traditions and values, opposing the secular, unitary view of the state promoted by [[Marveil Urshlo]] and his successors. for decades, the movement was mostly a provincial affair, divided in 17 branches each targeting a slightly different demographics. It's only in 1999 that the party was finally able to win the General Elections with [[Simon Smeleres]] becoming the first green-and-white Mervoret of Drevstran. Since then Yedviro has always been the main opposition party to the successive Nepserot governments.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Origins===<br />
===First Smelerid (1995 - 2009)===<br />
===Second Party Rule (2009 - 2022)===<br />
<br />
===Second Smelerid (2022 - Present)===<br />
Simon Smeleres partisans were not entirely gone from the Party. After three elections lost to [[Nepserot]] and twice in a row to [[Mïgrai Bharamut]], the party was forced to reconsider the ex-Mayor of the Palace after every other credible challengers failed. In 2022 Simon Smeleres was chosen by the Party's Inner Circle to be Yedviro new President and, in 2024, agreed to back Smeleres candidacy in that year' General Elections.<br />
<br />
==Organization==<br />
<br />
The Party is divided into 17 branches, each representing either one of the founding movement that united to form Yedviro or a "socio-geographic bloc" important enough to warrant a structure dedicated to its interests. The seventeen Branch Presidents then form the Inner Circle, the highest instance of the Party. It's the Inner Circle who then elect the Party's President who is then free to form his Cabinet, the executive instance of the Party. However, the very segmented and regionalized structure of Yedviro mean that power remain in the Branch Presidents and the Party President is often left acting as an arbiter in case of conflicts between two or more local structures.<br />
<br />
==Ideology and Politics==<br />
<br />
Yedviro' opponents have repeatedly criticized the Party's vision for Drevstran to be one of a "Federal, Clanic, Republic", highly schismatic and fragmented between the various people and nationalities seen as making up the country. Yedviro itself however, as always presented itself as defending the country's traditions, customs, and liberties following the {{wp|Rule of law}} against other increasingly-authoritarian and populist forces. They defend the ideal of Drevstran as a "dual nation state" and the system of [[Ethnicities in Drevstran|National Minorities and Diasporas]] was notably first conceived in Yedviro inner think tanks.<br />
<br />
==Electoral Results==</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Devink/Sandbox2&diff=760449User:Devink/Sandbox22024-01-31T01:22:42Z<p>Devink: /* Collective Ruling (2009 - 2022) */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political party<br />
|name = Yedviro<br />
|native_name = <br />
|lang1 = <br />
|logo = Yedviro.png<br />
|logo_size = 200px<br />
|colorcode = #008000ff<br />
|leader = [[Simon Smeleres]]<br />
|chairman = <br />
|chairperson = <br />
|founder = <br />
|leader1_title = <br />
|leader1_name = <br />
|founded = {{Start date|1976|03|11|df=y}}<br />
|dissolved = <br />
|merger = <br />
|split = [[Nepserot]]<br />
|predecessor = <br />
|merged = <br />
|successor = <br />
|headquarters = 23 Stefan Gazcü Street, [[Angrast]], [[Drevstran]]<br />
|newspaper = <br />
|student_wing = <br />
|youth_wing = <br />
|wing1_title = <br />
|wing1 = <br />
|wing2_title = <br />
|wing2 = <br />
|wing3_title = <br />
|wing3 = <br />
|membership_year =<br />
|membership = <br />
|ideology = {{wp|Big tent}} <br> {{wp|National conservatism}} <br> {{wp|Economic liberalism}} <br> {{wp|Social conservatism}}<br />
|religion = <br />
|national = <br />
|international = <br />
|colors = {{colorbox|#008000ff}} Green <br> {{colorbox|White}} White<br />
|blank1_title = <br />
|blank1 = <br />
|blank2_title = <br />
|blank2 = <br />
|blank3_title = <br />
|blank3 = <br />
|affiliation1_title = <br />
|affiliation1 = <br />
|seats1_title = [[Parliament of Drevstran]]<br />
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|101|561|hex=#008000ff}} <br />
|seats2_title = [[Presidents of Departments]]<br />
|seats2 = {{Composition bar|34|77|hex=#008000ff}}<br />
|seats3_title = Local Mayors <br />
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|3807|8004|hex=#008000ff}} <br />
|seats4_title = <br />
|seats4 = <br />
|symbol = <br />
|flag = <br />
|website = <br />
|state = Drevstran<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Yedviro''' is a [[Drevstran]]ese political party created in 1976 from the merger of what was left of the {{wp|Political boss|Countryside Chieftains}} political machines with [[Priatselvo]] and [[Baratsag]], two parties born from a scission within [[Nepserot]]. It's goal was to form a political coalition capable of running for the general elections of 1979.<br />
<br />
The movement founders' were concerned with the preservation of society’ traditions and values, opposing the secular, unitary view of the state promoted by [[Marveil Urshlo]] and his successors. for decades, the movement was mostly a provincial affair, divided in 17 branches each targeting a slightly different demographics. It's only in 1999 that the party was finally able to win the General Elections with [[Simon Smeleres]] becoming the first green-and-white Mervoret of Drevstran. Since then Yedviro has always been the main opposition party to the successive Nepserot governments.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Origins===<br />
===First Smelerid (1995 - 2009)===<br />
===Second Party Rule (2009 - 2022)===<br />
<br />
===Second Smelerid (2022 - Present)===<br />
Simon Smeleres partisans were not entirely gone from the Party. After three elections lost to [[Nepserot]] and twice in a row to [[Mïgrai Bharamut]], the party was forced to reconsider the ex-Mayor of the Palace after every other credible challengers failed. In 2022 Simon Smeleres was chosen by the Party's Inner Circle to be Yedviro new President and, in 2024, agreed to back Smeleres candidacy in that year' General Elections.<br />
<br />
==Organization==<br />
<br />
The Party is divided into 17 branches, each representing either one of the founding movement that united to form Yedviro or a "socio-geographic bloc" important enough to warrant a structure dedicated to its interests. The seventeen Branch Presidents then form the Inner Circle, the highest instance of the Party. It's the Inner Circle who then elect the Party's President who is then free to form his Cabinet, the executive instance of the Party. However, the very segmented and regionalized structure of Yedviro mean that power remain in the Branch Presidents and the Party President is often left acting as an arbiter in case of conflicts between two or more local structures.<br />
<br />
==Ideology and Politics==<br />
<br />
==Electoral Results==</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Devink/Sandbox2&diff=760448User:Devink/Sandbox22024-01-31T01:22:12Z<p>Devink: /* Organization */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political party<br />
|name = Yedviro<br />
|native_name = <br />
|lang1 = <br />
|logo = Yedviro.png<br />
|logo_size = 200px<br />
|colorcode = #008000ff<br />
|leader = [[Simon Smeleres]]<br />
|chairman = <br />
|chairperson = <br />
|founder = <br />
|leader1_title = <br />
|leader1_name = <br />
|founded = {{Start date|1976|03|11|df=y}}<br />
|dissolved = <br />
|merger = <br />
|split = [[Nepserot]]<br />
|predecessor = <br />
|merged = <br />
|successor = <br />
|headquarters = 23 Stefan Gazcü Street, [[Angrast]], [[Drevstran]]<br />
|newspaper = <br />
|student_wing = <br />
|youth_wing = <br />
|wing1_title = <br />
|wing1 = <br />
|wing2_title = <br />
|wing2 = <br />
|wing3_title = <br />
|wing3 = <br />
|membership_year =<br />
|membership = <br />
|ideology = {{wp|Big tent}} <br> {{wp|National conservatism}} <br> {{wp|Economic liberalism}} <br> {{wp|Social conservatism}}<br />
|religion = <br />
|national = <br />
|international = <br />
|colors = {{colorbox|#008000ff}} Green <br> {{colorbox|White}} White<br />
|blank1_title = <br />
|blank1 = <br />
|blank2_title = <br />
|blank2 = <br />
|blank3_title = <br />
|blank3 = <br />
|affiliation1_title = <br />
|affiliation1 = <br />
|seats1_title = [[Parliament of Drevstran]]<br />
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|101|561|hex=#008000ff}} <br />
|seats2_title = [[Presidents of Departments]]<br />
|seats2 = {{Composition bar|34|77|hex=#008000ff}}<br />
|seats3_title = Local Mayors <br />
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|3807|8004|hex=#008000ff}} <br />
|seats4_title = <br />
|seats4 = <br />
|symbol = <br />
|flag = <br />
|website = <br />
|state = Drevstran<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Yedviro''' is a [[Drevstran]]ese political party created in 1976 from the merger of what was left of the {{wp|Political boss|Countryside Chieftains}} political machines with [[Priatselvo]] and [[Baratsag]], two parties born from a scission within [[Nepserot]]. It's goal was to form a political coalition capable of running for the general elections of 1979.<br />
<br />
The movement founders' were concerned with the preservation of society’ traditions and values, opposing the secular, unitary view of the state promoted by [[Marveil Urshlo]] and his successors. for decades, the movement was mostly a provincial affair, divided in 17 branches each targeting a slightly different demographics. It's only in 1999 that the party was finally able to win the General Elections with [[Simon Smeleres]] becoming the first green-and-white Mervoret of Drevstran. Since then Yedviro has always been the main opposition party to the successive Nepserot governments.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Origins===<br />
===First Smelerid (1995 - 2009)===<br />
===Collective Ruling (2009 - 2022)===<br />
===Second Smelerid (2022 - Present)===<br />
Simon Smeleres partisans were not entirely gone from the Party. After three elections lost to [[Nepserot]] and twice in a row to [[Mïgrai Bharamut]], the party was forced to reconsider the ex-Mayor of the Palace after every other credible challengers failed. In 2022 Simon Smeleres was chosen by the Party's Inner Circle to be Yedviro new President and, in 2024, agreed to back Smeleres candidacy in that year' General Elections.<br />
<br />
==Organization==<br />
<br />
The Party is divided into 17 branches, each representing either one of the founding movement that united to form Yedviro or a "socio-geographic bloc" important enough to warrant a structure dedicated to its interests. The seventeen Branch Presidents then form the Inner Circle, the highest instance of the Party. It's the Inner Circle who then elect the Party's President who is then free to form his Cabinet, the executive instance of the Party. However, the very segmented and regionalized structure of Yedviro mean that power remain in the Branch Presidents and the Party President is often left acting as an arbiter in case of conflicts between two or more local structures.<br />
<br />
==Ideology and Politics==<br />
<br />
==Electoral Results==</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Devink/Sandbox2&diff=760395User:Devink/Sandbox22024-01-30T23:43:04Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political party<br />
|name = Yedviro<br />
|native_name = <br />
|lang1 = <br />
|logo = Yedviro.png<br />
|logo_size = 200px<br />
|colorcode = #008000ff<br />
|leader = [[Simon Smeleres]]<br />
|chairman = <br />
|chairperson = <br />
|founder = <br />
|leader1_title = <br />
|leader1_name = <br />
|founded = {{Start date|1976|03|11|df=y}}<br />
|dissolved = <br />
|merger = <br />
|split = [[Nepserot]]<br />
|predecessor = <br />
|merged = <br />
|successor = <br />
|headquarters = 23 Stefan Gazcü Street, [[Angrast]], [[Drevstran]]<br />
|newspaper = <br />
|student_wing = <br />
|youth_wing = <br />
|wing1_title = <br />
|wing1 = <br />
|wing2_title = <br />
|wing2 = <br />
|wing3_title = <br />
|wing3 = <br />
|membership_year =<br />
|membership = <br />
|ideology = {{wp|Big tent}} <br> {{wp|National conservatism}} <br> {{wp|Economic liberalism}} <br> {{wp|Social conservatism}}<br />
|religion = <br />
|national = <br />
|international = <br />
|colors = {{colorbox|#008000ff}} Green <br> {{colorbox|White}} White<br />
|blank1_title = <br />
|blank1 = <br />
|blank2_title = <br />
|blank2 = <br />
|blank3_title = <br />
|blank3 = <br />
|affiliation1_title = <br />
|affiliation1 = <br />
|seats1_title = [[Parliament of Drevstran]]<br />
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|101|561|hex=#008000ff}} <br />
|seats2_title = [[Presidents of Departments]]<br />
|seats2 = {{Composition bar|34|77|hex=#008000ff}}<br />
|seats3_title = Local Mayors <br />
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|3807|8004|hex=#008000ff}} <br />
|seats4_title = <br />
|seats4 = <br />
|symbol = <br />
|flag = <br />
|website = <br />
|state = Drevstran<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Yedviro''' is a [[Drevstran]]ese political party created in 1976 from the merger of what was left of the {{wp|Political boss|Countryside Chieftains}} political machines with [[Priatselvo]] and [[Baratsag]], two parties born from a scission within [[Nepserot]]. It's goal was to form a political coalition capable of running for the general elections of 1979.<br />
<br />
The movement founders' were concerned with the preservation of society’ traditions and values, opposing the secular, unitary view of the state promoted by [[Marveil Urshlo]] and his successors. for decades, the movement was mostly a provincial affair, divided in 17 branches each targeting a slightly different demographics. It's only in 1999 that the party was finally able to win the General Elections with [[Simon Smeleres]] becoming the first green-and-white Mervoret of Drevstran. Since then Yedviro has always been the main opposition party to the successive Nepserot governments.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Origins===<br />
===First Smelerid (1995 - 2009)===<br />
===Collective Ruling (2009 - 2022)===<br />
===Second Smelerid (2022 - Present)===<br />
Simon Smeleres partisans were not entirely gone from the Party. After three elections lost to [[Nepserot]] and twice in a row to [[Mïgrai Bharamut]], the party was forced to reconsider the ex-Mayor of the Palace after every other credible challengers failed. In 2022 Simon Smeleres was chosen by the Party's Inner Circle to be Yedviro new President and, in 2024, agreed to back Smeleres candidacy in that year' General Elections.<br />
<br />
==Organization==<br />
<br />
==Ideology and Politics==<br />
<br />
==Electoral Results==</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Yedviro.png&diff=760252File:Yedviro.png2024-01-30T19:45:26Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
[[category:Ajax]]<br />
[[category:Drevstran]]<br />
[[category:Politics]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Devink/Sandbox2&diff=760250User:Devink/Sandbox22024-01-30T19:44:55Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political party<br />
|name = Yedviro<br />
|native_name = <br />
|lang1 = <br />
|logo = Yedviro.png<br />
|logo_size = 200px<br />
|colorcode = #008000ff<br />
|leader = [[Simon Smeleres]]<br />
|chairman = <br />
|chairperson = <br />
|founder = <br />
|leader1_title = <br />
|leader1_name = <br />
|founded = {{Start date|1976|03|11|df=y}}<br />
|dissolved = <br />
|merger = <br />
|split = [[Nepserot]]<br />
|predecessor = <br />
|merged = <br />
|successor = <br />
|headquarters = 23 Stefan Gazcü Street, [[Angrast]], [[Drevstran]]<br />
|newspaper = <br />
|student_wing = <br />
|youth_wing = <br />
|wing1_title = <br />
|wing1 = <br />
|wing2_title = <br />
|wing2 = <br />
|wing3_title = <br />
|wing3 = <br />
|membership_year =<br />
|membership = <br />
|ideology = {{wp|Big tent}} <br> {{wp|National conservatism}} <br> {{wp|Economic liberalism}} <br> {{wp|Social conservatism}}<br />
|religion = <br />
|national = <br />
|international = <br />
|colors = {{colorbox|#008000ff}} Green <br> {{colorbox|White}} White<br />
|blank1_title = <br />
|blank1 = <br />
|blank2_title = <br />
|blank2 = <br />
|blank3_title = <br />
|blank3 = <br />
|affiliation1_title = <br />
|affiliation1 = <br />
|seats1_title = [[Parliament of Drevstran]]<br />
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|101|561|hex=#008000ff}} <br />
|seats2_title = [[Presidents of Departments]]<br />
|seats2 = {{Composition bar|34|77|hex=#008000ff}}<br />
|seats3_title = Local Mayors <br />
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|3807|8004|hex=#008000ff}} <br />
|seats4_title = <br />
|seats4 = <br />
|symbol = <br />
|flag = <br />
|website = <br />
|state = Drevstran<br />
}}</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Yedviro.png&diff=760249File:Yedviro.png2024-01-30T19:44:34Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Devink/Sandbox2&diff=760247User:Devink/Sandbox22024-01-30T19:44:07Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political party<br />
|name = Yedviro<br />
|native_name = <br />
|lang1 = <br />
|logo = <br />
|logo_size = 200px<br />
|colorcode = #008000ff<br />
|leader = [[Simon Smeleres]]<br />
|chairman = <br />
|chairperson = <br />
|founder = <br />
|leader1_title = <br />
|leader1_name = <br />
|founded = {{Start date|1976|03|11|df=y}}<br />
|dissolved = <br />
|merger = <br />
|split = [[Nepserot]]<br />
|predecessor = <br />
|merged = <br />
|successor = <br />
|headquarters = 23 Stefan Gazcü Street, [[Angrast]], [[Drevstran]]<br />
|newspaper = <br />
|student_wing = <br />
|youth_wing = <br />
|wing1_title = <br />
|wing1 = <br />
|wing2_title = <br />
|wing2 = <br />
|wing3_title = <br />
|wing3 = <br />
|membership_year =<br />
|membership = <br />
|ideology = {{wp|Big tent}} <br> {{wp|National conservatism}} <br> {{wp|Economic liberalism}} <br> {{wp|Social conservatism}}<br />
|religion = <br />
|national = <br />
|international = <br />
|colors = {{colorbox|#008000ff}} Green <br> {{colorbox|White}} White<br />
|blank1_title = <br />
|blank1 = <br />
|blank2_title = <br />
|blank2 = <br />
|blank3_title = <br />
|blank3 = <br />
|affiliation1_title = <br />
|affiliation1 = <br />
|seats1_title = [[Parliament of Drevstran]]<br />
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|101|561|hex=#008000ff}} <br />
|seats2_title = [[Presidents of Departments]]<br />
|seats2 = {{Composition bar|34|77|hex=#008000ff}}<br />
|seats3_title = Local Mayors <br />
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|3807|8004|hex=#008000ff}} <br />
|seats4_title = <br />
|seats4 = <br />
|symbol = <br />
|flag = <br />
|website = <br />
|state = Drevstran<br />
}}</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Devink/Sandbox2&diff=760243User:Devink/Sandbox22024-01-30T19:38:05Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political party<br />
|name = Yedviro<br />
|native_name = <br />
|lang1 = <br />
|logo = <br />
|logo_size = 200px<br />
|colorcode = #008000ff<br />
|leader = [[Simon Smeleres]]<br />
|chairman = <br />
|chairperson = <br />
|founder = <br />
|leader1_title = <br />
|leader1_name = <br />
|founded = {{Start date|1976|03|11|df=y}}<br />
|dissolved = <br />
|merger = <br />
|split = [[Nepserot]]<br />
|predecessor = <br />
|merged = <br />
|successor = <br />
|headquarters = 23 Stefan Gazcü Street, [[Angrast]], [[Drevstran]]<br />
|newspaper = <br />
|student_wing = <br />
|youth_wing = <br />
|wing1_title = <br />
|wing1 = <br />
|wing2_title = <br />
|wing2 = <br />
|wing3_title = <br />
|wing3 = <br />
|membership_year =<br />
|membership = <br />
|ideology = {{wp|Big tent}} <br>{{wp|One-nation conservatism}}<br>{{wp|Economic liberalism}}<br> {{wp|Liberal conservatism}}<br />
|religion = <br />
|national = <br />
|international = <br />
|colors = {{colorbox|#008000ff}} Green <br> {{colorbox|White}} White<br />
|blank1_title = <br />
|blank1 = <br />
|blank2_title = <br />
|blank2 = <br />
|blank3_title = <br />
|blank3 = <br />
|affiliation1_title = <br />
|affiliation1 = <br />
|seats1_title = [[Parliament of Drevstran]]<br />
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|101|561|hex=#008000ff}} <br />
|seats2_title = [[Presidents of Departments]]<br />
|seats2 = {{Composition bar|34|77|hex=#008000ff}}<br />
|seats3_title = Local Mayors <br />
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|3807|8004|hex=#008000ff}} <br />
|seats4_title = <br />
|seats4 = <br />
|symbol = <br />
|flag = <br />
|website = <br />
|state = Drevstran<br />
}}</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Nepserot&diff=760182Nepserot2024-01-30T15:15:02Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox political party<br />
|name = Nepserot<br />
|native_name = <br />
|lang1 = Lush<br />
|logo = <br />
|logo_size = 200px<br />
|colorcode = #609<br />
|leader = [[Mïgrai Bharamut]]<br />
|chairman = <br />
|chairperson = <br />
|founder = [[Marveil Urshlo]]<br />
|leader1_title = <br />
|leader1_name = <br />
|founded = {{Start date|1953|1|05|df=y}}<br />
|dissolved = <br />
|merger = <br />
|split = <br />
|predecessor = <br />
|merged = <br />
|successor = <br />
|headquarters = 16 Aterület Street, [[Angrast]], [[Drevstran]]<br />
|newspaper = <br />
|student_wing = <br />
|youth_wing = <br />
|wing1_title = <br />
|wing1 = <br />
|wing2_title = <br />
|wing2 = <br />
|wing3_title = <br />
|wing3 = <br />
|membership_year =<br />
|membership = <br />
|ideology = {{wp|Big tent}} <br>{{wp|One-nation conservatism}}<br>{{wp|Economic liberalism}}<br> {{wp|Liberal conservatism}}<br />
|religion = <br />
|national = <br />
|international = <br />
|colors = {{colorbox|black}} Black <br> {{colorbox|#609}} Purple<br />
|blank1_title = <br />
|blank1 = <br />
|blank2_title = <br />
|blank2 = <br />
|blank3_title = <br />
|blank3 = <br />
|affiliation1_title = <br />
|affiliation1 = <br />
|seats1_title = [[Parliament of Drevstran]]<br />
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|291|561|hex=#609}} <br />
|seats2_title = [[Presidents of Departments]]<br />
|seats2 = {{Composition bar|17|77|hex=#609}}<br />
|seats3_title = Local Mayors <br />
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|2164|8004|hex=#609}} <br />
|seats4_title = <br />
|seats4 = <br />
|symbol = <br />
|flag = <br />
|website = <br />
|state = Drevstran<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Nepserot''' is a [[Drevstran]]ese political party created by [[Marveil Urshlo]] in 1953 in the wake of the proclamation of the [[Drevstran|Second Mervoshia]], the current political system of Drevstran. It's policies and platforms broadly tend to be qualified as {{wp|Centre-right politics|centre-right}} or {{wp|Right-wing politics|right wing}}, with an emphasis on {{wp|economic liberalism}}, {{wp|democracy}}, and {{wp|nationalism}}. It is currently the country's largest party, holding both the Mayorship of the Palace and the Majority of the Parliament.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Origins===<br />
The party was officialy founded in 1953 but was the continuation of an informal political groupe nicknamed the [[Pristlav Clique]]: an unofficial circle and think-tank of liberal businessmen and officials who wished for the end of the [[Ernesto Skolad|Skolad Dictature]] and prepared for the aftermath of a potential overthrow of the Mayor of the Palace. The first real successes of the Party would come during the elections of 1958 when it's leader [[Marveil Urshlo]], was elected Mervoret of Drevstran. This first mandate as Mervoret would refine most of the party's political line, and solidify it's position as the nation's liberal-conservative party and the main alternative to "the extremes" of [[Yednosc!]] and of [[Obrichko Dursila|Dursila]]'s {{wp|Anarchism|Anarchists}}.<br />
<br />
Urshlo's victory in the 1964 elections was already tenuous, he barely won the mayorship and his party lost its majority in the Parliament. His second term was thus an awkward cohabitation between himself and a parliament led by the Socialist party [[Skozi]]. It's during this mandate that Urshlo would strengthen his anti-corruption campaign, and where the violence between Anarchists and [[Blue Guards]]reached its peak to the point observers began to wonder if the young Second Mervoshia was already on its last leg. [[Angrast]] and the central Drev Valley were especially susceptible to this violence while less politicaly diverses cities like [[Pristlav]], which had always been a Nepserot bastion, quickly ended their own troubles and remained peaceful allowing Urshlo's economic reforms to have their full effect.<br />
<br />
By 1968, despite a decrease in violence, the dismembering of many Blue Guards, and the emprisonment of the last few Countryside Chieftains and of their men radicalized by the anti-corruption campaign, and the unwavering support of the Periclean Coast to Nepserot, the rest of the country had gotten tired of Marveil Urshlo. In 1969, his party lost the presidency and could only maintain itself in the eastern bastion. Despite this, Urshlo would manage to maintain at the head of the party and would spend the rest of his political life as Mayor of Pristlav. In 1975 he passed down the leadership of Nepserot to his designated successor: [[Sargaï Bharamut]], the son-in-law of Urshlo's long-time friend and collaborator [[Andras Lugos]]. <br />
<br />
===Post-Urshlo struggles===<br />
[[File:Colshikishima001.jpg|200px|thumb|Sargaï Bharamut on his 1984 electoral poster]]<br />
Unfortunately, [[Sargaï Bharamut]] was not as popular nor as charismatic as his predecessor and inherited a party struggling with the fatigue left by the anti-corruption campaigns and Urshlo reforms. Sargaï Bharamut, once himself a leader of the Blue Guards and a close parent of one of Drevstran' [[Oldokem|wealthiest family]], proved to be a constant reminder of the darker and more troubled aspect of the party, an image other leaders were trying to get rid off.<br />
<br />
As a result in 1974, Sargaï brought to Nepserot its worst results to date in a Mayoral election, not even reaching the second turn. This opened the door to all sorts of criticisms and controversies from within the party. Ultimately, it led to a scission within Nepserot.<br />
<br />
While Sargaï had a reputation for brutality and authoritarianism, he also defended a secular, unitary view of the state and was a most orthodox inheritor of Marveïl Urshlo’ politics. Meanwhile, the secessionists created their own “union”, one concerned with preservation of society’ traditions and values. They allied themselves with the “survivors” of the politico-religious parties and other ethnics interest groups to form [[Yedviro]] in 1976. The formation proved unable to win the mayoral elections of 1979, but neither could Sargaï Bharamut who was forced to abandon the position of party leader.<br />
<br />
===Ozyman Era (1980 - 1999)===<br />
<br />
After a period of confusion, it's Lecto Ozman who emerge as the undisputed leader of Nepserot. The "Scholar" to Sargaï' "Warrior", he was a friend of Marveil Urshlo and known for his work on liberalism and international exchanges. He first consolidated the party around his own faction, known as the [[Vizerad Clique]], and then expanded Nepserot by creating a real social program that had sorely been lacking.<br />
<br />
Lecto' relationship to Sargaï Bharamut, who remained the figurehead of the party' conservative wing, was complicated. Both agreed on international and economic issues, but disagreed strongly on social ones. Lecto defeat in 1984 in the Mayoral Run led to a complicated era of "cohabitation" between the two men and their factions. Sargaï Bharamut and his "Blue Vets" managed to recover from previous years' lackluster results and to negotiate an agreement with the Vizerad Clique where it is Sargaï who would be presented as the party' official candidate for the 1989 elections.<br />
<br />
Bharamut's image as a Strongman was no longer an issue for large portions of the Drevstranese population. His results in the first turn of 1989 Mayoral run are the best numbers ever registered by Nepserot, both in proportion of the electorate and in raw number of voter who rallied behind his name. But nonetheless, he failed to win the election again, ending any desillusion his own supporters had of him being a viable candidate. Sargaï Bharamut would fall back in line once more and Lecto Ozyman was left as the sole head of Nepserot.<br />
<br />
Lecto Ozyman is the first head of Nepserot to truly push for not only the Liberalisation of the Economy but also the Liberalisation of Society. He notably contrasted his views of an unitarian, centralized, democratic Drevstranese Republic against the positions of other parties such as [[Yednosc!]] "Illiberal State" and [[Yedviro]] "Federal, Clanic, Republic". In 1994 he became the second Mervoret of Drevstran to come from Nepserot' ranks.<br />
<br />
His defeat in 1999 to [[Simon Smeleres]], candidate of Yedviro, was partially explained by the Drevstraneses becoming concerned by his advanced age and growing wary of his economic liberal policies and, more importantly, due to the numerous scandals that had plagued his friends of the Vizerad Group during his Mandate. In 2000 he announced his retirement from politics as he was the target of a judicial procedure studying accusations of corruption and misappropriation of public funds during his mandate. He would die two years later and was ultimately cleared of all charges post-mortem.<br />
<br />
===Gismond Era (2000 - 2012)===<br />
[[File:Jean-Pierre Chevènement — Salon du livre de Paris - 23 mars 2014.JPG|200px|thumb|Elross Gismond]]<br />
[[Elross Gismond]] was originally nicknamed the "First Pupil" of Ozyman but came to represent the more radical wing of the Nepserot movement, embracing the more social aspects of Ozyman' toughts. Gismond was especially popular among the newer generations of adherents in opposition to the "New Old Guard" of the Vizerad Clique. With the numerou judicary problems of the Vizerad Clique, the defeat of Ozyman in the elections of 1999 and his retirement in 2000, Elross Gismond became the new president of Nepserot almost unopposed.<br />
<br />
Without the bureaucratic network of the Vizerad Clique, Gismond lost the legislative elections of 2004. But similarly without the New Old Guard, Gismond was able to bring back Nepserot to the second turn of the Mayoral elections although he would still lose to [[Skozi]]'s candidate: [[Ludos Barn]]. But in 2009 it's [[Simon Smeleres]], candidate of [[Yedviro]] who reached the second turn and this time Gismond was elected Mervoret of Drevstran, the third Nepserot Mayor.<br />
<br />
Gismond mayorship was characterized by widespread social reforms and an intense diplomatic activity as Nepserot' open goal was to find the right balance between national security, free economy, and social cohesion. It ended tragically in 2012 when, while visiting a striking factory, Elross Gismond was assassinated by [[Edmon Skolar]] who stabbed him twice before being seized by security. His motives would remain unknown, although there has been much speculations surrounding them, as Edmon ended up killing himself by escaping police custody and jumping off a bridge. Two hours later, at the Hospital of the Holy Saviour, Elross Gismond became the first Mayor of the Palace to die while still in office.<br />
<br />
===Bharamut era (2014 - present)===<br />
[[File:Bharamut IA Moldy.png|200px|thumb|Mïgrai Bharamut in 2009]]<br />
[[Mïgrai Bharamut]] became President of Nepserot in 2012 following the murder of [[Elross Gismond]]. He placed himself in the continuation of his predecessor, promoting what has often be perceived as “populist social policies”. Said populists accents of his rhetoric and program, plus the outrage sparkled by Elross death and the lack of a coherent opposition since Simon Smeleres was still at the time occupied with his judicial case, allowed Migrai Bharamut to easily win the 2014 elections and the “Bharamist” view on welfare has become the main line of Nepserot. The Party's stance on Liberalism, however, never fluctuated and it continues to push for a greater integration of the country to international markets, promoting the quality and education of its workforce to do so.<br />
<br />
Mïgrai has expanded Drevstran’s social coverages from a very selective set of provisions of social-service to a “cradle-to-the-grave” model. But his most controversial reform was to severly restrict access to said coverages, stressing out the "necessity of citizenship” limiting it to “full-citizenship” and making the access to such status more difficult for people not born from two Drevstraneses parents.<br />
<br />
==Electoral Results==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="8"|[[Mayorship of Drevstran]]<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2"| Election year<br />
! rowspan="2"| Candidate<br />
! colspan="3"| 1st round<br />
! colspan="3"| 2nd round<br />
|-<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
!Rank<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
! 2019<br />
| [[Mïgrai Bharamut]]<br />
| 7,812,000<br />
| 24.8<br />
| 1rst<br />
| 16,348,500<br />
| 51.9 <br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"|1rst<br />
|-<br />
! 2014<br />
| [[Mïgrai Bharamut]]<br />
| 7,938,000<br />
| 25.2<br />
| 1rst<br />
| 19,120,500<br />
| 60.7 <br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"|1rst<br />
|-<br />
! 2009<br />
| [[Elross Gismond]]<br />
| 6,961,500<br />
| 22.1<br />
| 2nd<br />
| 16,506,000<br />
| 52.4<br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"|1rst<br />
|-<br />
! 2004<br />
| [[Elross Gismond]]<br />
| 7,040,000<br />
| 21.5<br />
| 2nd<br />
| 15,390,000<br />
| 48.5<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"|2nd<br />
|-<br />
! 1999<br />
| [[Lecto Ozyman]]<br />
| 6,030,000<br />
| 20.1 <br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"|3rd<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
! 1994<br />
| [[Lecto Ozyman]]<br />
| 5,310,000<br />
| 17.7<br />
| 2nd<br />
| 15,450,000 <br />
| 51.5<br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"|1rst<br />
|-<br />
! 1989<br />
| [[Sargaï Bharamut]]<br />
| 9,435,000<br />
| 25.5<br />
| 1rst<br />
| 16,761,000 <br />
| 45.3<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"|2nd<br />
|-<br />
! 1984<br />
| [[Lecto Ozyman]]<br />
| 7,308,000<br />
| 20.0<br />
| 2nd<br />
| 17,411,400<br />
| 49.1<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"|2nd<br />
|-<br />
! 1979<br />
| [[Sargaï Bharamut]]<br />
| 5,106,000<br />
| 22.2<br />
| 2nd<br />
| 11.201.000<br />
| 48.7<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"|2nd<br />
|-<br />
! 1974<br />
| [[Sargaï Bharamut]]<br />
| 4,623,000<br />
| 20.1<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"|3rd<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! 1969<br />
| [[Marveil Urshlo]]<br />
| 4,514,400<br />
| 19.8<br />
| 2nd<br />
| 10,419,600<br />
| 45.7<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"|2nd<br />
|-<br />
! 1964<br />
| [[Marveil Urshlo]]<br />
| 4,856,400<br />
| 21.3<br />
| 2nd<br />
| 11,582,400<br />
| 50.8<br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"|1rst<br />
|-<br />
! 1959<br />
| [[Marveil Urshlo]]<br />
| 4,600,000<br />
| 23.0<br />
| 1rst<br />
| 10,820,000<br />
| 54.1<br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"|1rst<br />
|-<br />
! 1954<br />
| [[Marveil Urshlo]]<br />
| 3,700,000<br />
| 18.5<br />
| 2nd<br />
| 6,680,000<br />
| 33.4<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"|2nd<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:100%; line-height:16px;"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="9"|[[Parliament of Drevstran]]<br />
|-<br />
! width="60px"| Election<br />
! width="100px"| Leader<br />
! width="100px"| Seats won<br />
! width="40px"| +/−<br />
! width="30px"| Rank<br />
! width="125px"| Government<br />
! width="125px"| Notes<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 2019|2019]]<br />
| [[Mïgrai Bharamut]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|291|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{decrease}}51<br />
| #1<br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"| Government<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 2014|2014]]<br />
| [[Mïgrai Bharamut]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|342|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{increase}}40<br />
| #1<br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"| Government<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 2009|2009]]<br />
| [[Elross Gismond]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|302|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{increase}}100<br />
| #1<br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"| Government<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 2004|2004]]<br />
| [[Elross Gismond]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|148|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{Decrease}}60<br />
| #1<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 1989|1999]]<br />
| [[Lecto Ozyman]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|208|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{Decrease}}14<br />
| #2<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 1989|1994]]<br />
| [[Lecto Ozyman]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|222|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{Increase}}118<br />
| #1<br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"| Government<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 1984|1989]]<br />
| [[Lecto Ozyman]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|104|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{Increase}}2<br />
| #2<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 1984|1984]]<br />
| [[Lecto Ozyman]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|102|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{Increase}}13<br />
| #2<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 1979|1979]]<br />
| [[Sargaï Bharamut]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|89|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{Decrease}}16<br />
| #3<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 1974|1974]]<br />
| [[Sargaï Bharamut]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|105|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{Decrease}}22<br />
| #2<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 1969|1969]]<br />
| [[Marveil Urshlo]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|127|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{Decrease}}94<br />
| #2<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 1964|1964]]<br />
| [[Marveil Urshlo]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|221|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{Decrease}}103<br />
| #1<br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"| Government<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 1959|1959]]<br />
| [[Marveil Urshlo]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|325|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{increase}}224<br />
| #1<br />
| style="background-color:#98FB98"| Government<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Drevstran Legislative election, 1954|1954]]<br />
| [[Marveil Urshlo]]<br />
| {{Composition bar|101|561|hex=#609}}<br />
| {{increase}}101<br />
| #2<br />
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[category:Drevstran]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Pitz_in_the_Mutul&diff=759333Pitz in the Mutul2024-01-29T03:52:27Z<p>Devink: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox sport overview<br />
| title = Pitz in the Mutul<br />
| image = JfBulacanCiudaddeVictoria9871PhlArenaStadiumfvf_14.JPG<br />
| caption = Mutulese crowd during a Pitz game <br />
| union = <br />
| country = {{flag|Mutul}}<br />
| sport = [[Pitz]]<br />
| noncountry = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| first = <br />
| registered = <br />
| clubs = 41,586<br />
| nationalteam = [[The Mutul chosen pitz team]]<br />
<br />
<!-- COMPETITIONS --><br />
| national_list = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[2022 Pitz World Court]]<br />
* [[Nations of Oxidentale Court]] <br />
}}<br />
| club_list = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[Golden Court of Oxidentale]] <br />
* [[High Court (Pitz)|High Court]]<br />
* [[Lower Court]]<br />
* [[Amateur Circuits]]<br />
}}<br />
| intl_list = <br />
<!-- Best Fighter --><br />
| Name =<br />
<!-- AUDIENCE RECORDS --><br />
| match = <br />
| league = <br />
<!-- FAN GROUPS --><br />
| fan_org =<br />
}}<br />
'''Pitz''' is the most popular sport in the [[Mutul]] and the country's national sport. The Mutul is recognized worldwide as the birthplace of the sport, with an history going back thousand of years into antiquity. Modern rules for Pitz appeared in the 19th century as an evolution of "Legal Pitz", the ruleset used during trials as Pitz was considered a valid form of ordeal. the Itzamnaaj' Reforms got rid of this pluri millennial law, forcing Noble Houses, who had invested vast sums of money into maintaining "stables" of players, to either lay off their Pitz teams or to find new way to profit from those professionals. in 1848, the first professional Pitz league was created between four franchises of [[K'alak Muul]]. Its example was followed throughout the country. As the sport grew and connection between different parts of the Mutul became easier, those Circuits either merged or disappeared until in 1916 the modern structure of Mutulese Pitz was codified, with the [[High Court (Pitz)|High Court]] at its top.<br />
<br />
[[Education in the Mutul|Highschool and College]] level Pitz is also extremely popular in the Mutul.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:La Corona Relieve Juego de Pelota.jpg|200px|thumb|Relief depicting two [[Chaan Dynasty|Chaan]] nobles playing Pitz]]<br />
The first professional Pitz players appeared around 1400 CE as part of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] legal system. While it had always been possible for Lords accused of wrongdoing to challenge the other party in a Pitz game as a form of {{wp|Trial by ordeal}}, it had been impossible for either party to substitute themselves and they had to play through the game. In the 15th century, as Pitz had shifted from an individual to a team sport, reforms to the justice system allowed legal parties to call upon champions to represent them. Great Houses began to gather "stables" of professional players to defend the family-members honor in and out of trials.<br />
<br />
After 1840 and the reforms making the use of a Pitz match as an ordeal unreceivable in a court of law, It became less useful for the noble houses to keep under their service special Pitz teams. Nonetheless, the sport remained popular and many Batabs, high priests, or Yajaws kept under their service a Pitz team, with Pitz games remaining a strong popular distraction during festivities and religious events.<br />
<br />
Soon, teams started to create Circuits, competitions, and local tournaments. One of the most prestigious was the Ben Zoa Circuit, where some of the best players of their time played. A great upset as it was then held as common knowledge that [[K'alak Muul]] or [[Yu]] were where Pitz was played at its best. Local religious institutions were tasked with the arbitrage and while rules differed slightly from circuit to circuit, they still shared a common heritage from the Ordeal Code. This era is known as the “Janab’ Pakal II” Pitz. <br />
<br />
In 1871, the Pitzalk’in Temple, the reputed institution in charge of forming and regrouping Pitz referees for the Ben Zoa Circuit, published a project of reform of the Pitz rules, aiming at a democratization and global diffusion of the sport. They immediately applied the rules in their circuit, and while the project received no royal support nor was received favorably by other major circuits, it was nonetheless adopted by some but also at the internationale. In 1902, the K’uhul Ajaw Sak K’uk II finally gave her approval of the project, which then became the new, harmonized, ruleset for all Pitz circuits.<br />
<br />
In 1903, the first inter-circuits competition took place, and it led to the reform of many of the smaller circuits to compete with the “Majors”. In 1909, the same Majors unified into the Pitz Secular Rectorate, later renamed the Mutun Pitz Secular Rectorate, soon followed by the smaller circuits, finally unifying by 1910 all of the Pitz teams into one single, national, federation.<br />
<br />
The Rectorate’s inaugural season of the national circuit, called the Jade Court, was held in 1910 - 1911. The 20 inaugural clubs were those that, through their results, were considered to be the best and most reputed teams of their time. The 20 clubs were inserted into two groups of 10 with the bottom three of each group suffering relegation to the Golden Court. The two winners of each group would then face each other in a final held at a neutral venue. National athletic events were momentarily suspended during the [[Belfro-Mutulese war of 1911]], and only resumed in 1916. It let the time to the institutions to rethink the model of the competition. In 1916-1917, the first season of the now renamed High Court and Lower Court took place, with 20 teams each. Since then, the High Court has taken place each year uninterrupted, for a total of 106 seasons in 2023.<br />
<br />
==Organisation in the Mutul==<br />
===Amateur Pitz===<br />
====Highschool Pitz====<br />
[[File:Salt Lake Stadium ( Yuba Bharati Krirangan ) Kolkata India - FC Bayern Munich Mohun Bagan Oliver Kahn 1.jpg|200px|thumb|Crowd for the 2012 Youthful Court Finale]]<br />
The Mutul' 6144 secondary schools are grouped in divisions of four. Teams in a division face one another twice over six weeks. The team with the highest winrate is crowned champion of the division and goes to the next stage, where it face the winners of three other local divisions, generally the geographically closest ones. There are 1536 rank 1 divisions, then 384 rank 2, 96 rank 3, 24 rank 4, and finally 6 rank 5 divisions, called Circuits, of four teams each. After 30 weeks, the six Circuits champions face each others in a single-eliminations play-offs: the two teams with the highest winrate skip the first round and get a rest week before facing the two first round's winners in the semi-finales. The week 33 finale, called the Youthful Court, is consistently in the Mutul' top 5 Most Watched sport events of the year. It is the most popular amateur sport event in the country with, on average, 10 million spectators following the TV broadcast.<br />
<br />
====College Pitz====<br />
There are 3155 tertiary schools in the Mutul offering college-equivalent education. They are divided between {{wp|Tēlpochcalli|Chok Nahob}}, opened to everyone and focused on teaching technical and practical skills for people wanting to join the job market with engineer-level degrees, and {{wp|Calmecac|Nawob}} who offer, mostly to Aristocrats and a selected few Commoners who have passed a Nawi' Annual Examination, a more scholarly education with longer studies. All of them possess either a Pitz Club (1899), an association of students practicing Pitz, or a Pitz Program (1256), an institution-supported team offering grands and support to its student athletes. Program Teams are all part of the [[Grand Schools Pitz Rectorate]] (''Lakam Kannahob Pitz Hob'en'', "Lakapiho") and are grouped in 157 divisions of eight teams. All divisions play one another twice, leading to a 14 games season. Divisions are grouped in five geographical Conference: North (32 Divisions), West (31), Central (32), East (32), and South (30). Each Conference host its own Championship, with their own methods to determine a champion.<br />
<br />
After the Championships, the five Lakapiho Champions face one another in the [[Cardinal Champions Court]] (''B'e Chakalob Halab'', "Bechaha"), another Lakapiho competition where the five teams face each other twice. There are no elimination or finales: the team with the highest win rate at the end of the four weeks is crowned the Lakapiho Grand Champion.<br />
<br />
Pitz Clubs meanwhile, are free to organise themselves in many different Rectorates and Circuits. There were, in 2024, 11 different Rectorates governing Pitz Clubs. Each Rectorate organize itself differently, with their own codes and structures. By tradition, finales organized by those Rectorates are called 'Rings'. In 2023, there were 19 Rings organized by 10 Rectorates (the last one, the [[Northern Pitz Educational Clubs Benevolent Rectorate]] (''Xuman Hukatob Kuch Hob'en'', "Xuhukuho"), refuse to organize post-season games). While "Club Pitz" is popular in its own right only Rings are commonly broadcasted and only to the organizing Rectorate' geographic area, although the rising accessibility of internet has helped propagate them, and it remain less followed than the Lakapiho' Championships and Cardinal Champions Court, which itself rarely overtake the Youth Ball in countrywide ratings.<br />
<br />
====Amateur Circuits====<br />
[[File:Ceferino Garcia 1938 (cropped).jpg|200px|thumb|[[Kan Kib Aj Akab'tun]], who played from 1938 to 1945, is still venerated in the Mutul as the greatest Amateur Pitzom to have lived.]]<br />
At the bottom of the Mutul' Pitz Circuits hierarchy are the Amateur Circuits, united in the [[Amateur Pitz Rectorate]], they are divided in five levels: The {{wp|Batab}}il (Municipal), {{wp|Kuchkabal}} (County), {{wp|Ajaw|Yajawil}} (Provincial), Regional, and Royal levels. The Royal tier is itself subdivided into four Courts: the Black, White, Yellow, and Red Courts of 20 teams each. All five levels are tied together by a system of {{wp|Promotion and relegation}}, with for example the Regional Champions playing games against the five worst performing teams of the Black Court, the five highest ranked teams of this mini-tournament being promoted, or staying, in the Black Court while the other five are relegated to, or stay in, the Regionals. The Black Court is special in that it is the only level which demand such challenges to potential promoted teams: the champion of the Black Court for example goes on to replace automatically the worst performing team in the White Court.<br />
<br />
Amateur clubs in the Mutul are necessarily not-for-profit organizations and it is illegal for their players and for their staffs to make a living of the team. Revenues, be they from ticket sales, merchandising, sponsorships, adhesion fees, or gambling events, must be used either on the team and by the team, or redistributed through charity. It is why many clubs prefer to register as semi-professional, for-profit organizations which allow them to legally pay a minimum salary to their staff and offer bonus to their players depending on their performances without necessarily offering them signed contracts. Teams at the Regional and Royal levels may also compete with professional teams. Only professional teams can be promoted to the next level of Mutulese Pitz: the Lower Court.<br />
<br />
===Professional Pitz===<br />
====Lower Court====<br />
The Lower Court is the first all-pro tier of the Mutul' Pitz hierarchy. It is contested by 20 clubs and franchises all facing each others twice during a season (38 games per team). As for its grand sister, the [[High Court (Pitz)|High Court]], there are no play-offs: the champion is the team with the highest score at the end of the season (3 points for a victory, 1 for a tie, none for a loss). The Lower Court Champion is then promoted to the High Court, while the High Court' lowest ranked team is relegated to the Lower Court for the following season. Meanwhile, the lowest ranked team in the Lower Court may be relegated to the Red Court if the latter's Champion is a team that has been fully professional for at least a full year. Then the Red Court Champion is promoted to the Lower Court for the next season.<br />
<br />
====High Court====<br />
{{main|High Court (Pitz)}}<br />
The High Court is at the top of the Mutul’s Pitz hierarchy of competitions. It is contested by 20 clubs and operate on a system of promotion and relegation with the Lower Court. All clubs and franchises face one another twice, for a total of 38 games per team. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. There are no play-offs: the team with the most points at the end of the season is crowned champion. Only if there's a tier for the championship post-season games may be played as tie-breakers.<br />
<br />
===Championships===<br />
====Divine Court====<br />
[[File:Mineirinho.jpg|200px|thumb|The World Court in [[K'alak Muul]] is the location of every Divine Court finales since it's opening.]]<br />
The Divine Court is a {{wp|Single-elimination tournament}} open to all clubs and franchises in the Mutul, pro and amateurs alike. Teams evolving at the Regional Level and above are automatically qualified for the competition. Teams evolving at the Regional level and under must go through the Provincial Courts, local championships organized by each local Pitz Rectorate, and depending on their final ranking can be qualified for the Divine Court. Each Viceroyalty has a number of teams to send to the Divine Court. This number is determined by ranking the Viceroyalties by their total number of amateur and semi-pro clubs. The most "populous" Viceroyalty send three teams, the next five send two teams, and 51 remaining Viceroyalties send only one teams, their Regional Court' Champion, for a total 64 teams.<br />
<br />
Chosen provincial teams are joined by the 120 teams evolving at the Regional Level (Northern, Southern, Western, Central, and Eastern Courts). All of the clubs are then split and drawn against each other randomly, regardless of regional affiliation (though geographical pots are made prior to the draw to limit transport costs). The 100 teams in the Color Courts then join in round 2, the Lower Court's 20 teams in round 3, and the High Court's 20 teams in round 4 (the round of 64). Round 5 is the Round of 32, Round 6 the eighth finals, and so on until the Finale which is always held in [[K'alak Muul]].<br />
<br />
Bar exceptional years, the Divine Court' finale is the most watched sport even in the Mutul, with the expected viewership anywhere between 50 and 55 million spectators. Combined with random draws and one-off matches, the Divine Court can prove difficult for professional clubs to win although an amateur club has reached the finale only ten times in the history of the competition. Being qualified for the Divine Court, or even reaching the Finale, is seen as a lifetime dream for many Pitz players in the Mutul and many rituals and traditions surround the competition. The [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] always spectate in person the Finale and give to the winning team the Court's trophy, commonly known as the "Divine Ball".<br />
<br />
====International Selection====<br />
{{see also|The Mutul chosen pitz team}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:Sports]]<br />
[[category:Pitz]]</div>Devinkhttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Pitz_in_the_Mutul&diff=759332Pitz in the Mutul2024-01-29T03:51:50Z<p>Devink: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region_icon_Ajax}}<br />
{{Infobox sport overview<br />
| title = Pitz in the Mutul<br />
| image = JfBulacanCiudaddeVictoria9871PhlArenaStadiumfvf_14.JPG<br />
| caption = Mutulese crowd during a Pitz game <br />
| union = <br />
| country = {{flag|Mutul}}<br />
| sport = [[Pitz]]<br />
| noncountry = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| first = <br />
| registered = <br />
| clubs = 41,586<br />
| nationalteam = [[The Mutul chosen pitz team]]<br />
<br />
<!-- COMPETITIONS --><br />
| national_list = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[2022 Pitz World Court]]<br />
* [[Nations of Oxidentale Court]] <br />
}}<br />
| club_list = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[Golden Court of Oxidentale]] <br />
* [[High Court (Pitz)|High Court]]<br />
* [[Lower Court]]<br />
* [[Amateur Circuits]]<br />
}}<br />
| intl_list = <br />
<!-- Best Fighter --><br />
| Name =<br />
<!-- AUDIENCE RECORDS --><br />
| match = <br />
| league = <br />
<!-- FAN GROUPS --><br />
| fan_org =<br />
}}<br />
'''Pitz''' is the most popular sport in the [[Mutul]] and the country's national sport. The Mutul is recognized worldwide as the birthplace of the sport, with an history going back thousand of years into antiquity. Modern rules for Pitz appeared in the 19th century as an evolution of "Legal Pitz", the ruleset used during trials as Pitz was considered a valid form of ordeal. the Itzamnaaj' Reforms got rid of this pluri millennial law, forcing Noble Houses, who had invested vast sums of money into maintaining "stables" of players, to either lay off their Pitz teams or to find new way to profit from those professionals. in 1848, the first professional Pitz league was created between four franchises of [[K'alak Muul]]. Its example was followed throughout the country. As the sport grew and connection between different parts of the Mutul became easier, those Circuits either merged or disappeared until in 1910 the modern structure of Mutulese Pitz was codified, with the [[High Court (Pitz)|High Court]] at its top.<br />
<br />
[[Education in the Mutul|Highschool and College]] level Pitz is also extremely popular in the Mutul.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:La Corona Relieve Juego de Pelota.jpg|200px|thumb|Relief depicting two [[Chaan Dynasty|Chaan]] nobles playing Pitz]]<br />
The first professional Pitz players appeared around 1400 CE as part of the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] legal system. While it had always been possible for Lords accused of wrongdoing to challenge the other party in a Pitz game as a form of {{wp|Trial by ordeal}}, it had been impossible for either party to substitute themselves and they had to play through the game. In the 15th century, as Pitz had shifted from an individual to a team sport, reforms to the justice system allowed legal parties to call upon champions to represent them. Great Houses began to gather "stables" of professional players to defend the family-members honor in and out of trials.<br />
<br />
After 1840 and the reforms making the use of a Pitz match as an ordeal unreceivable in a court of law, It became less useful for the noble houses to keep under their service special Pitz teams. Nonetheless, the sport remained popular and many Batabs, high priests, or Yajaws kept under their service a Pitz team, with Pitz games remaining a strong popular distraction during festivities and religious events.<br />
<br />
Soon, teams started to create Circuits, competitions, and local tournaments. One of the most prestigious was the Ben Zoa Circuit, where some of the best players of their time played. A great upset as it was then held as common knowledge that [[K'alak Muul]] or [[Yu]] were where Pitz was played at its best. Local religious institutions were tasked with the arbitrage and while rules differed slightly from circuit to circuit, they still shared a common heritage from the Ordeal Code. This era is known as the “Janab’ Pakal II” Pitz. <br />
<br />
In 1871, the Pitzalk’in Temple, the reputed institution in charge of forming and regrouping Pitz referees for the Ben Zoa Circuit, published a project of reform of the Pitz rules, aiming at a democratization and global diffusion of the sport. They immediately applied the rules in their circuit, and while the project received no royal support nor was received favorably by other major circuits, it was nonetheless adopted by some but also at the internationale. In 1902, the K’uhul Ajaw Sak K’uk II finally gave her approval of the project, which then became the new, harmonized, ruleset for all Pitz circuits.<br />
<br />
In 1903, the first inter-circuits competition took place, and it led to the reform of many of the smaller circuits to compete with the “Majors”. In 1909, the same Majors unified into the Pitz Secular Rectorate, later renamed the Mutun Pitz Secular Rectorate, soon followed by the smaller circuits, finally unifying by 1910 all of the Pitz teams into one single, national, federation.<br />
<br />
The Rectorate’s inaugural season of the national circuit, called the Jade Court, was held in 1910 - 1911. The 20 inaugural clubs were those that, through their results, were considered to be the best and most reputed teams of their time. The 20 clubs were inserted into two groups of 10 with the bottom three of each group suffering relegation to the Golden Court. The two winners of each group would then face each other in a final held at a neutral venue. National athletic events were momentarily suspended during the [[Belfro-Mutulese War of 1911]], and only resumed in 1916. It let the time to the institutions to rethink the model of the competition. In 1916-1917, the first season of the now renamed High Court and Lower Court took place, with 20 teams each. Since then, the High Court has taken place each year uninterrupted, for a total of 106 seasons in 2023.<br />
<br />
==Organisation in the Mutul==<br />
===Amateur Pitz===<br />
====Highschool Pitz====<br />
[[File:Salt Lake Stadium ( Yuba Bharati Krirangan ) Kolkata India - FC Bayern Munich Mohun Bagan Oliver Kahn 1.jpg|200px|thumb|Crowd for the 2012 Youthful Court Finale]]<br />
The Mutul' 6144 secondary schools are grouped in divisions of four. Teams in a division face one another twice over six weeks. The team with the highest winrate is crowned champion of the division and goes to the next stage, where it face the winners of three other local divisions, generally the geographically closest ones. There are 1536 rank 1 divisions, then 384 rank 2, 96 rank 3, 24 rank 4, and finally 6 rank 5 divisions, called Circuits, of four teams each. After 30 weeks, the six Circuits champions face each others in a single-eliminations play-offs: the two teams with the highest winrate skip the first round and get a rest week before facing the two first round's winners in the semi-finales. The week 33 finale, called the Youthful Court, is consistently in the Mutul' top 5 Most Watched sport events of the year. It is the most popular amateur sport event in the country with, on average, 10 million spectators following the TV broadcast.<br />
<br />
====College Pitz====<br />
There are 3155 tertiary schools in the Mutul offering college-equivalent education. They are divided between {{wp|Tēlpochcalli|Chok Nahob}}, opened to everyone and focused on teaching technical and practical skills for people wanting to join the job market with engineer-level degrees, and {{wp|Calmecac|Nawob}} who offer, mostly to Aristocrats and a selected few Commoners who have passed a Nawi' Annual Examination, a more scholarly education with longer studies. All of them possess either a Pitz Club (1899), an association of students practicing Pitz, or a Pitz Program (1256), an institution-supported team offering grands and support to its student athletes. Program Teams are all part of the [[Grand Schools Pitz Rectorate]] (''Lakam Kannahob Pitz Hob'en'', "Lakapiho") and are grouped in 157 divisions of eight teams. All divisions play one another twice, leading to a 14 games season. Divisions are grouped in five geographical Conference: North (32 Divisions), West (31), Central (32), East (32), and South (30). Each Conference host its own Championship, with their own methods to determine a champion.<br />
<br />
After the Championships, the five Lakapiho Champions face one another in the [[Cardinal Champions Court]] (''B'e Chakalob Halab'', "Bechaha"), another Lakapiho competition where the five teams face each other twice. There are no elimination or finales: the team with the highest win rate at the end of the four weeks is crowned the Lakapiho Grand Champion.<br />
<br />
Pitz Clubs meanwhile, are free to organise themselves in many different Rectorates and Circuits. There were, in 2024, 11 different Rectorates governing Pitz Clubs. Each Rectorate organize itself differently, with their own codes and structures. By tradition, finales organized by those Rectorates are called 'Rings'. In 2023, there were 19 Rings organized by 10 Rectorates (the last one, the [[Northern Pitz Educational Clubs Benevolent Rectorate]] (''Xuman Hukatob Kuch Hob'en'', "Xuhukuho"), refuse to organize post-season games). While "Club Pitz" is popular in its own right only Rings are commonly broadcasted and only to the organizing Rectorate' geographic area, although the rising accessibility of internet has helped propagate them, and it remain less followed than the Lakapiho' Championships and Cardinal Champions Court, which itself rarely overtake the Youth Ball in countrywide ratings.<br />
<br />
====Amateur Circuits====<br />
[[File:Ceferino Garcia 1938 (cropped).jpg|200px|thumb|[[Kan Kib Aj Akab'tun]], who played from 1938 to 1945, is still venerated in the Mutul as the greatest Amateur Pitzom to have lived.]]<br />
At the bottom of the Mutul' Pitz Circuits hierarchy are the Amateur Circuits, united in the [[Amateur Pitz Rectorate]], they are divided in five levels: The {{wp|Batab}}il (Municipal), {{wp|Kuchkabal}} (County), {{wp|Ajaw|Yajawil}} (Provincial), Regional, and Royal levels. The Royal tier is itself subdivided into four Courts: the Black, White, Yellow, and Red Courts of 20 teams each. All five levels are tied together by a system of {{wp|Promotion and relegation}}, with for example the Regional Champions playing games against the five worst performing teams of the Black Court, the five highest ranked teams of this mini-tournament being promoted, or staying, in the Black Court while the other five are relegated to, or stay in, the Regionals. The Black Court is special in that it is the only level which demand such challenges to potential promoted teams: the champion of the Black Court for example goes on to replace automatically the worst performing team in the White Court.<br />
<br />
Amateur clubs in the Mutul are necessarily not-for-profit organizations and it is illegal for their players and for their staffs to make a living of the team. Revenues, be they from ticket sales, merchandising, sponsorships, adhesion fees, or gambling events, must be used either on the team and by the team, or redistributed through charity. It is why many clubs prefer to register as semi-professional, for-profit organizations which allow them to legally pay a minimum salary to their staff and offer bonus to their players depending on their performances without necessarily offering them signed contracts. Teams at the Regional and Royal levels may also compete with professional teams. Only professional teams can be promoted to the next level of Mutulese Pitz: the Lower Court.<br />
<br />
===Professional Pitz===<br />
====Lower Court====<br />
The Lower Court is the first all-pro tier of the Mutul' Pitz hierarchy. It is contested by 20 clubs and franchises all facing each others twice during a season (38 games per team). As for its grand sister, the [[High Court (Pitz)|High Court]], there are no play-offs: the champion is the team with the highest score at the end of the season (3 points for a victory, 1 for a tie, none for a loss). The Lower Court Champion is then promoted to the High Court, while the High Court' lowest ranked team is relegated to the Lower Court for the following season. Meanwhile, the lowest ranked team in the Lower Court may be relegated to the Red Court if the latter's Champion is a team that has been fully professional for at least a full year. Then the Red Court Champion is promoted to the Lower Court for the next season.<br />
<br />
====High Court====<br />
{{main|High Court (Pitz)}}<br />
The High Court is at the top of the Mutul’s Pitz hierarchy of competitions. It is contested by 20 clubs and operate on a system of promotion and relegation with the Lower Court. All clubs and franchises face one another twice, for a total of 38 games per team. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. There are no play-offs: the team with the most points at the end of the season is crowned champion. Only if there's a tier for the championship post-season games may be played as tie-breakers.<br />
<br />
===Championships===<br />
====Divine Court====<br />
[[File:Mineirinho.jpg|200px|thumb|The World Court in [[K'alak Muul]] is the location of every Divine Court finales since it's opening.]]<br />
The Divine Court is a {{wp|Single-elimination tournament}} open to all clubs and franchises in the Mutul, pro and amateurs alike. Teams evolving at the Regional Level and above are automatically qualified for the competition. Teams evolving at the Regional level and under must go through the Provincial Courts, local championships organized by each local Pitz Rectorate, and depending on their final ranking can be qualified for the Divine Court. Each Viceroyalty has a number of teams to send to the Divine Court. This number is determined by ranking the Viceroyalties by their total number of amateur and semi-pro clubs. The most "populous" Viceroyalty send three teams, the next five send two teams, and 51 remaining Viceroyalties send only one teams, their Regional Court' Champion, for a total 64 teams.<br />
<br />
Chosen provincial teams are joined by the 120 teams evolving at the Regional Level (Northern, Southern, Western, Central, and Eastern Courts). All of the clubs are then split and drawn against each other randomly, regardless of regional affiliation (though geographical pots are made prior to the draw to limit transport costs). The 100 teams in the Color Courts then join in round 2, the Lower Court's 20 teams in round 3, and the High Court's 20 teams in round 4 (the round of 64). Round 5 is the Round of 32, Round 6 the eighth finals, and so on until the Finale which is always held in [[K'alak Muul]].<br />
<br />
Bar exceptional years, the Divine Court' finale is the most watched sport even in the Mutul, with the expected viewership anywhere between 50 and 55 million spectators. Combined with random draws and one-off matches, the Divine Court can prove difficult for professional clubs to win although an amateur club has reached the finale only ten times in the history of the competition. Being qualified for the Divine Court, or even reaching the Finale, is seen as a lifetime dream for many Pitz players in the Mutul and many rituals and traditions surround the competition. The [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajaw]] always spectate in person the Finale and give to the winning team the Court's trophy, commonly known as the "Divine Ball".<br />
<br />
====International Selection====<br />
{{see also|The Mutul chosen pitz team}}<br />
<br />
[[category:Mutul]]<br />
[[category:Sports]]<br />
[[category:Pitz]]</div>Devink