https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Luziyca&feedformat=atomIIWiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T20:06:48ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.6https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Luziyca/Sandbox&diff=782568User:Luziyca/Sandbox2024-03-19T20:56:10Z<p>Luziyca: </p>
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<div>The '''Northern Integration Scheme''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''Ukiuqtaqtumi ilaliujjiniq'') was a [[Surrow|Surrowese government]] program that lasted from 1953 until 1977. Instituted by [[President of Surrow|President]] [[Ted Fisher]], the Northern Integration Scheme's stated aims were to "assert Surrowese sovereignty" over [[Great Island]] and to "integrate the {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}} into the body politic." The program saw the relocation of around 5,000 {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}} to fixed settlements, where they faced substantial pressure to abandon their Itchalnu way of life and adopt Surrowese customs.<br />
<br />
(TBC)<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
[[File:Native_camp,_Pangnirtung,_Baffin_Island,_N.W.T.,_August_1931..jpg|250px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu camp near [[Port Lochlan]], August 1931]]<br />
[[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] has been a part of Surrow from the sixteenth century onward: while [[Northland County]] was created in 1563, it lacked any meaningful control over Great Island, with Northland County's seat being at [[Lombelon Bay]]. The first Auressian settlement on Great Island was only established in [[Port Lochlan]] in 1711 by the [[Rythene|Rytheneans]], but Port Lochlan only served as a seasonal settlement until 1733.<br />
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Following the end of the Eleven Years War in 1759, the number of {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island increased, although the total Auressian population on the islands were less than 100 people during the summer months, and around 20 during the winter, mostly in Port Lochlan by 1800. In 1823, an official from [[Holcot Inlet]] reported that "outside of the nineteen outports, which depend both on the treacherous seas that we back on [[Holcot Island]] or even [[Kikik Island]] can only fear and on the generosity of the Itchalnu, there is no effective presence on the island."<br />
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However, efforts to try and assert Rythenean control over the island during the nineteenth century were hampered due to the geography of Great Island, the harsh environment, and costs, which made it very difficult for permanent settlements to be established on the island. However, Kikik Island would be carved out of Northland County in 1869, with the county seat being subsequently moved to Port Lochlan.<br />
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By 1901, the total population of the island according to the Surrowese census was 519 people scattered across twenty settlements, although the enumerators noted that "they were unable to fully count the natives outside of the settlements," and that if they did, "the real population of the island would be twice or thrice as high as it appears on the census."<br />
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With the outbreak of the [[First Great War (Levilion)|First Great War]], fears that [[Tyrnica]] may try to attack Great Island led to the Surrowese government beginning to draft plans for "reinforcing the island and asserting Rythenean sovereignty over the island," with these plans including "establishing settlements for the natives to gravitate themselves towards." These plans would only begin to be implemented in 1915 after Surrow was granted self-government, with the first settlement under that plan being established in 1923 at [[Tuktooit Inlet]] in what is now [[Stoney County]], and followed by the establishment of [[Arvittiavak]] in 1931, with the intention of providing services to the northern Itchalnu populations, such as a school run by [[Perendism|Perendist]] missionaries and a general store that supplied imported goods from Holcot Island.<br />
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However, these settlements, although modestly successful at attracting some Itchalnu to settle there, did not attract the hoped-for population growth, with the population of both settlements in 1931 being around 27 people who permanently lived in the settlements. This led to newly-elected [[Prime Minister of Surrow|Prime Minister]] [[Ted Fisher]] concluding in 1936 that "all the carrots in the world cannot entice the Natives on Great Island to give up on their way of life," and for Ted Fisher to begin planning the scheme.<br />
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==Planning==<br />
In 1942, Ted Fisher's government released a {{wp|white paper}} on the state of Northland County and its "complete inability to exert control outside of the string of outports that line its coast." The white paper suggested that Northland County was "inviable" due to it covering "the entire breadth of Great Island" despite its population "only comprising of 650 people who live inside the law, and around five thousand Natives who live outside the laws of Surrow," and proposed abolishing the county in favour of [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]] that "would better manage those who live in the outports and in the interior than a county."<br />
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However, the ongoing [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]] caused Ted Fisher's government to take little action on the report. Following the war's end in 1943, the Surrowese government began to conduct surveys in Northland County to document the local Itchalnu population and their annual migration patterns, to determine the best sites for new settlements, and to investigate the county government to determine any deficiencies that the existing county had. However, growing calls for Surrowese independence and the government's focus on negotiating with Rythene for full independence meant that these surveys would only be completed by 1951.<br />
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That year, {{wp|palladium}} was discovered near [[Tulaktarvik|Stoney Harbour]] (present-day [[Tulaktarvik]]) by [[General Armaments]]. This added a greater sense of urgency, as Ted Fisher feared that the "presence of such abundant wealth" and Surrow's lack of effective control over most of Great Island would allow for other countries to establish settlements under the guise of {{wp|terra nullius}}.<br />
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In response to the perceived threat, Ted Fisher would draft the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'' in 1952. The {{wp|omnibus bill}} divided Northland County into three improvement districts, pursuant to the 1942 white paper, which had different powers to [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Counties|counties]], and outlined the components of the [[#Program|Northern Integration Scheme]] in order to ensure that "Surrow can demonstrate its sovereignty over the entire Surrowese archipelago, including Great Island." While this legislation was opposed by [[Wes Anderson]], who left the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] to create the [[Northern Party (1949)|Northern Party]] to advocate for maintaining the status quo, the UPP majority was able to pass the bill into law, with the bill coming into effect on 1 April, 1953.<br />
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==Program==<br />
===Registration===<br />
[[File:Man_registered_at_Port_Hentze.jpg|250px|thumb|right|An Itchalnu man holding up his registration number at [[Port Hentze]], 1953]]<br />
The first key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''registration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''atiliurvik''). This would register all the Itchalnu who "lived outside the {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island" as a {{wp|disc number|registration number}} ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''ujamiit''), with each number comprised of a letter corresponding to an improvement district, followed by a two digit number indicating the nearest settlement, followed by a three digit number identifying the individual (e.g. [[Central Improvement District|C]]01-043). These registration numbers were required to be displayed at all times by all Itchalnu assigned these numbers, with the Surrowese government providing discs that displayed their registration number to each person.<br />
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As [[#Settlement|settlement]] progressed, Itchalnu who moved to the settlements and who previously had registration numbers were given Auressian-style names. In most circumstances, first names were based off of school records, while in cases where an Itchalnu person had never attended a school, they were assigned an Auressian-style forename by a bureaucrat. As Itchalnu never had surnames, some bureaucrats assigned Itchalnu Auressian-style surnames, while other bureaucrats would assign Itchalnu names that were rooted in the Itchalnu language. This process of assigning registration numbers was planned to take a period of three to four years, with the Auressian-style names to be given "as the Itchalnu continue to be integrated into the body politic" to replace their registration number.<br />
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===Settlement===<br />
The second key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''settlement''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''nunaliit''). All Itchalnu who had been registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme would be encouraged to move to permanent settlements on the coasts of Great Island, with these settlements being designed to resemble {{wp|Newfoundland outports|Surrowese outports}} on [[Holcot Island]] and [[Kikik Island]]. The Itchalnu would be promised government benefits, better food than what they were able to acquire if they continued to live on the land, and better housing. <br />
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After a one year grace period, if an Itchalnu who was registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme refused to move to a settlement, the Surrowese government would warn "refusants" that if they continued to refuse to move a settlement, they would have their children taken away from them, their dogs would be slaughtered so that they would not be able to continue living a nomadic existence, and they may be charged with trespassing on state land. After another one year grace period, those deemed refusants would be arrested by an officer from the [[Surrowese Constabulary]], their children taken away from them, and their dogs slaughtered, and transported to a settlement that the arresting officer decided upon.<br />
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As part of the Northern Integration Scheme, in addition to the twenty-two settlements which existed prior to the Northern Integration Scheme, fourteen more were to be established in order to ensure that Itchalnu can "continue to live close to their ancestral lands as they begin to be integrated into the body politic." These settlements were expected to be built between 1953 and 1960, with four to be built in the Northern Improvement District, seven to be built in the Central Improvement District, and three in the Southern Improvement District.<br />
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===Consolidation===<br />
The third key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''consolidation''' ({{wp|Inkutitut|Itchalnu}}: ''katiqsuqsimajut''). After all the Itchalnu have been settled into settlements, which was expected to take a six year period between 1954 and 1960, settlements that were deemed to be "prohibitively expensive" for the Surrowese government to provide services to would be declared unsustainable, and residents would be encouraged to move to sustainable settlements, which the government defined as a settlement with more than 150-200 people.<br />
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The purpose of consolidation was to "avoid the mistakes of early settlement of Surrow" where the number of outports had proliferated, "through consolidating the number of settlements from thirty-six settlements to a more manageable number." Consolidation would also "ensure that when these improvement districts become counties, these settlements will be better able to remain sustainable in not just the final quarter of this century, but throughout the next century."<br />
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===Personal integration===<br />
The fourth key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''personal integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''imminnuungajut ilaliujjiniq''), which would involve heavy investment into education, through the establishment of government-run schools that would replace the [[Perendism|Perendist]] mission schools, and through the establishment of {{wp|adult education}} programs targeting the Itchalnu.<br />
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Ted Fisher said that "if we want the Natives on Great Island to become as Surrowese as the Tyrnican in [[Tuckamore County]] or the Rythenean in [[Disappointment County]], the government must take over education from the Perendist missionaries so that the Natives may learn how to live in the Surrow of today." The curriculum for the government-run schools would involve teaching the "values and mores of the body politic" and practical skills that were needed in "modern Surrowese society," such as literacy in {{wp|English language|Rythenean}}, mathematics, and science, so that when they graduated, they would become "fully integrated into Surrowese society."<br />
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Adult education would focus on teaching Itchalnu both the values and mores of the broader Surrowese culture and practical skills so that they would "become a productive part of the modern Surrowese workforce" and allow them to have the skills needed to "function in today's Surrow, rather than the Surrow of yesterday." This would include teaching them Rythenean so that they could fully participate in society.<br />
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Other parts of personal integration included imposing regulations on housing, with houses in the fourteen settlements being designed to be more like houses in Surrowese outports "to promote assimilation into the body politic"; a crackdown on traditional hunting and fishing practices that would "cause the Natives on Great Island to abandon civilisation," and restricting the number of dogs they could own to a "manageable number."<br />
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===Political integration===<br />
The fifth and final key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''political integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''gavamalirinirmut ilaliujjiniq''). Due to [[Northland County]]'s lack of ability to exert control over Great Island, the county was to be abolished and divided into three [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]], which would have power over day-to-day operations of trial courts and determining whether a given settlement was sustainable or unsustainable. Each district would receive one member of [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]] from the [[Elections of Surrow#1954|1954 election]] onward.<br />
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The improvement districts were planned to last for a minimum of twenty-one years from when the bill went into effect, with the ''Northern Integration Act'' saying that if any of the improvement districts reached a population over 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the relevant district(s) would be "considered fully integrated and should be given county status no later than 1 April, 1975, with all the responsibilities thereof." Government officials from the early 1950s expected that both the [[Central Improvement District]] and [[Iqittiniq District|Southern Improvement District]] would become counties by 1975, while it was expected that the [[Ukiuqtaqtuq District|Northern Improvement District]] "will never reach the population threshold to become a county."<br />
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==Implementation==<br />
===Registration, settlement and consolidation===<br />
[[File:Settlement_at_Berentson_Harbour_1954.jpg|250px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu family being allocated a home in [[Berentson Harbour]], 1954]]<br />
Following the passage of the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'', the Surrowese government began immediately on registering the Itchalnu population living outside the settlements, even before the act went into effect. By 1956, the Ministry of Northern Integration "successfully registered every native who did not previously reside in any settlement," with 4,983 Itchalnu registered as part of the first component of the Northern Integration Scheme.<br />
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In 1953, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme began to be implemented, with the fourteen settlements outlined in the Northern Integration Scheme beginning to be constructed. The houses built in the fourteen settlements proved to be ill-suited to the local climate, partially due to the houses being {{wp|prefabricated housing}} that were built as cheaply as possible in order to settle the Itchalnu into the settlements as quickly as possible, and because of the architecture of the Surrowese-style houses lacked the necessary insulation to keep the interior warm during the cold Great Island winters. In addition, the stores established in the settlements sold imported low-quality [[Albrennia|Albrennian]] food at what [[Charles Acklack]] said was "extortionate prices," with prices being "at least three times as high as in Holcot Inlet, and six times as in [[Sherborn]]."<br />
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These factors, in addition to fears among the Itchalnu that they would lose their culture, meant that while the number of refusants only comprised 5%-10% of those who were resettled in 1953 and 1954, by 1959 and 1960, the proportion of refusants grew to around 60%-70% of those resettled in both of those years. Despite the proportion of refusants who wound up being forcefully resettled, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme was completed by 1960, with the Ministry of Northern Integration reporting that of the 5,119 registered people, 3,143 "voluntarily moved to settlements," while 1,976 refusants were relocated, either to Tulaktarvik, Port Lochlan, or Holcot Inlet.<br />
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In 1960, the third component of the Northern Integration Scheme began, with two settlements in the Southern Improvement District being declared unsustainable. From the 1960s until the mid-1980s, all of the fourteen settlements built under the scheme, in addition to eighteen of the twenty-two settlements built prior to the scheme's inception were declared unsustainable, and residents of those settlements were encouraged to move to a sustainable settlement by closing schools, clinics, stores, and community centres in those settlements and refusing to provide more than basic emergency services to unsustainable settlement. Although the Surrowese government expected that most of those in the unsustainable settlements would "funnel down to the administrative centres of the improvement districts," most would move to Tulaktarvik due to economic opportunities.<br />
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===Integration===<br />
The Northern Integration Scheme would bring about a radical change in education: from 1953 onward, the national government took control of all schools on Great Island from the Perendist missions, and began building new schools across the island. Most schools that were built as part of the Northern Integration Scheme were designed to only be {{wp|primary school|primary schools}}, with {{wp|secondary school|secondary schools}} only being built in [[Port Lochlan]] and [[Tulaktarvik]] to "further the integration of Native children into the body politic" and to save money. In order to further integration, virtually all schools on the island banned the use of {{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}} and the practice of Itchalnu culture. By 1964, virtually all children on Great Island attended school, although most children on Great Island were taught a basic vocational education.<br />
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Although children's education was well-funded, adult education was rudimentary in comparison, with [[Charles Acklack]] saying that "all we were taught were how to speak Rythenean, how to maintain a 'modern home,' and how to use modern industrial equipment." Statistics from the Ministry of Northern Integration in 1970 reported that middle-aged Itchalnu and old-aged Itchalnu "lacked the skills necessary to participate in the Surrowese economy, even among those who entered the adult education programs," although it praised the increasing use of Rythenean as a "day-to-day language" among the Itchalnu in all three improvement districts.<br />
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Other major policies designed to promote "personal integration" included the mass slaughter of dogs between 1954 and 1974 to prevent Itchalnu from using dogs to either hunt or for transportation, which Ted Fisher justified in 1956 as being "in the best interests of animal welfare;" forcing Itchalnu fishermen to get fishing licenses in order to fish in the seas surrounding Great Island, with these licenses conditional on Itchalnu fishermen adopting Surrowese fishing techniques, and instituting building codes for all housing that was similar to the building codes in other Surrowese communities.<br />
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Politically, Northland County was dissolved in 1953 as was scheduled, with the three improvement districts being established. Although it was envisaged by the Surrowese government that the Central and Southern Improvement Districts would become counties by 1975, the development of the Tulaktarvik palladium mine and the establishment of government offices led to rapid population growth for the Central Improvement District due to more economic opportunities, while the Southern Improvement District's population declined between 1951 and 1971. Thus, as the Central Improvement District was the only improvement district to exceed 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the ''Stoney County Act'', passed in 1974, promoted the Central Improvement District to county status on 1 April, 1975, with the county adopting the name [[Stoney County]] on that date.<br />
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==End of the program==<br />
[[File:Crosbie_1983-2.jpg|250px|thumb|right|President [[Griffith Davidson]], 1980]]<br />
While the Northern Integration Scheme had wide support in its early years from the United People's Party and from both the Workers' Party and the Fishermen's Protective Union, who merged into the [[Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists]] in 1965, after President [[Ian Withers]] lost the [[Elections in Surrow#1971|1971 general election]], [[Isaac Rosenhain]] commissioned a report on the Northern Integration Scheme's successes and shortcomings.<br />
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In 1975, the report was released: although it praised the Northern Integration Scheme for "extending Surrowese sovereignty onto Great Island in a time when the discovery of palladium deposits made the island vulnerable to foreign intrigues," and the process of settling the Itchalnu into communities, and the process of consolidating unsustainable settlements, the report noted that:<br />
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<blockquote>"''Certain aspects of the Northern Integration Scheme, such as forcing Itchalnu to adopt registration numbers because administrators could not or were unwilling to understand and pronounce Itchalnu names; prohibiting Itchalnu from hunting and fishing in accordance with their traditional customs; prohibiting the Itchalnu language from being spoken in educational institutions; constructing buildings that are poorly designed for the local climate, and charging imported food at an extortionate markup, call into question whether or not the methods used to integrate the Itchalnu into the body politic were heavy-handed''."</blockquote><br />
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The report concluded that despite those flaws, the Northern Integration Scheme "accomplished virtually all of its goals," and recommended that the program be wound down while keeping the existing improvement districts with their powers as they are.<br />
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President Isaac Rosenhain would begin the process of ending the Northern Integration Scheme, by passing legislation in late 1975 that permitted Itchalnu to be used in radio and television broadcasts for "up to an hour per day," and permitted schools to teach Itchalnu as a subject. However, Rosenhain's proposal to replace Surrowese outports with more centralised towns led to Rosenhain's ouster, with his successor, [[Griffin Davidson]], saying that Rosenhain "sought to end the Northern Integration Scheme on one hand, he sought to use one of its precepts to destroy the traditional Surrowese way of life."<br />
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In 1977, Griffin Davidson abolished the Ministry of Northern Integration, declaring that "the Itchalnu on Great Island have become an integral part of the Surrowese nation, and it is unjust to continue to treat the Itchalnu as children unable to decide their futures." Although the Ministry of Northern Integration was abolished, and the Northern Integration Scheme officially ended, certain aspects of the program continued under the guidance of the Ministry of Northern Development, namely the processes of political integration and consolidation, with one settlement, [[Kippenburg Inlet]] in present-day Iqittiniq District, declared to be unsustainable in 1998.<br />
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Most of the final vestiges of the Northern Integration Scheme were abolished in 2015 under President [[Wyatt Martel]] as part of his vision to improve relations with the indigenous peoples of Surrow. The two improvement districts were renamed to districts, with the districts receiving increased powers over their own governance, and the district councils being mostly elected instead of being appointed by the central government. However, the districts still have the power to declare settlements unsustainable.<br />
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==Legacy==<br />
*poverty high among Itchalnu<br />
*Itchalnu lost cultural traditions<br />
*centralising Itchalnu into settlements led to formation of [[United Itchalnu Organisation]], [[Northern Party (1971)|Northern Party]], and [[Nangiqpugut Utessit]] in 1970s and 1980s</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Luziyca&diff=782561User:Luziyca2024-03-19T20:35:46Z<p>Luziyca: </p>
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<div>{{Userboxtop|Behind Luziyca}}<br />
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<br />
This is a page of an IIwiki user from [[Levilion]], who was previously in [[Esquarium]] from 2012 until 2019 as Luziyca and several dozen other nations.<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
This IIwiki user was born on August 28, 1997, in Saskatoon, Canada, and has resided there ever since. He graduated high school in 2016, and attended the {{wp|University of Saskatchewan}} until he graduated in 2023. He is currently trying to figure out what he wants to do in life. He is autistic.<br />
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He first joined NationStates in 2009 (although he lurked in it before) as Iraqialand. In early 2010, he ragequit, but rejoined as Khorata a few weeks later. In August of that same year, he got DEAT, but rejoined as Syvorji in October. In November 2011, he switched to Luziyca, and has continued using the account even after he stopped playing as Luziyca in 2019 because he didn't want to lose his post history.<br />
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He is a worldbuilder and an NSGer.<br />
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===Political views===<br />
This IIwiki user is some kind of social democrat whose idea of utopia is a society outlined by {{wp|Karl Marx}}.<br />
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==Active nations==<br />
===Levilion===<br />
*{{flag|Surrow}}<br />
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==Pages==<br />
===Sandboxes===<br />
These are the sandboxes where you can see stuff I plan on constructing (somehow): the descriptions more or less don't match what I intend to work on, but they're there.<br />
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*[[User:Luziyca/Sandbox]] - for important articles<br />
*[[User:Luziyca/Sandbox2]] - for other articles<br />
*[[User:Luziyca/Sandbox3]] - odd ideas<br />
*[[User:Luziyca/Template_Sandbox]] - future templates<br />
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===Talk===<br />
If you need to chat with me, just go to [[User talk:Luziyca]], and I will be here shortly.</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Imagua_and_the_Assimas&diff=781987Prime Minister of Imagua and the Assimas2024-03-18T23:34:49Z<p>Luziyca: /* List of Prime Ministers of Imagua and the Assimas */</p>
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<div>{{Infobox political post<br />
|post = Prime Minister<br />
|body = Imagua and the Assimas<br />
|nativename = Primo Ministro di Imagua e Assime ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}})<br />
|flag = ImaguaEmblem.png<br />
|flagsize = 150px<br />
|flagborder = <br />
|flagcaption = [[Coat of arms of Imagua and the Assimas]]<br />
|department = <br />
|image = Gaston_Browne_2015_(cropped).jpg<br />
|alt = <br />
|incumbent = [[Douglas Egnell]]<br />
|incumbentsince = 23 April, 2016<br />
|style = {{wp|The Right Honourable}}<br />
|residence = [[Egnell House, Cuanstad|Egnell House]], [[Cuanstad]], [[Imagua and the Assimas]]<br />
|nominator = <br />
|member_of = <br />
|appointer = <br />
|termlength = Up to four years (no term limits)<br />
|termlength_qualified = <br />
|constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Imagua and the Assimas]]<br />
|inaugural = [[Harmon Lambourne]]<br />
|formation = 29 June, 1892<br />
|last = <br />
|abolished = <br />
|succession = <br />
|deputy = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Imagua and the Assimas]]<br />
|salary = <br />
|website = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Prime Minister of Imagua and the Assimas''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Primo Ministro d'Imagua e Assime''), also known as the '''Premier of Imagua''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Premier d'Imagua''), is the {{wp|head of government}} of [[Imagua and the Assimas]].<br />
<br />
Established as the '''Chief Minister of Imagua''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Premier d'Imagua'') in June 1892 when the [[Colony of Imagua]] was granted limited self-government by [[Estmere]], it only became the '''Prime Minister of Imagua''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Primo Ministro d'Imagua'') in 1937 when Estmere granted Imagua "equal partner" status, and a [[Constitution of Imagua and the Assimas|constitution]] was promulgated. After the [[Solarian War]], the [[Assimas Islands]] were annexed into Imagua, resulting in the position being renamed to its current name.<br />
<br />
==Role==<br />
As the {{wp|head of government}} of [[Imagua and the Assimas]], the role of the Prime Minister of Imagua and the Assimas is to oversee the [[Cabinet of Imagua and the Assimas|Cabinet]], and answers to [[Parliament of Imagua and the Assimas|Parliament]]. While theoretically, the Prime Minister can come from the [[Senate of Imagua and the Assimas|Senate]], this situation has never occurred. In addition, the Prime Minister could not be in Parliament, although the only instance of that occurring was in 1908 when the [[Deputy Prime Minister of Imagua|Deputy Chief Minister]], [[Dick Parlow]], was not in the Lesser House: he was promptly elected in February 1909 to fill [[Harmon Lambourne]]'s seat.<br />
<br />
While officially, the [[President of Imagua and the Assimas]] has substantial {{wp|reserve powers}}, the [[Constitution of Imagua and the Assimas|constitution]] only allows them to be used after consultation with the Prime Minister, which effectively makes the Prime Ministerial position a very important position in the Imaguan government. This has only increased since the 1960s, when under Prime Minister [[Efrem Lacovara]], he consolidated the powers of government into the Prime Minister's office: prior to this, there was some contention as to whether it would be a {{wp|parliamentary republic}} or a {{wp|semi-presidential republic}}, although virtually all Prime Ministers wielded substantial power.<br />
<br />
==Residences==<br />
[[File:The_President's_House_Trinidad.jpg|150px|thumb|left|[[Egnell House, Cuanstad|Egnell House]], 2010]]<br />
The {{wp|official residence}} of the Prime Minister is at the [[Egnell House, Cuanstad|Egnell House]], located in [[Cuanstad]]. Built in 1876 by the father of [[Nelson Egnell]], [[Rasmus Egnell]], it was the private residence of the Egnell family until in 1935, Premier Nelson Egnell bequeathed the house "for perpetual use as the personal residence of the Premier of Imagua."<br />
<br />
Since then, all Prime Ministers of Imagua and the Assimas have lived at the Egnell House during their terms in office at the Egnell House, with Prime Ministers using it as not just their primary residence, but also as their office.<br />
<br />
==List of Prime Ministers of Imagua and the Assimas==<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2 style="width:25px;"|№<br />
!colspan=2 style="width:280px;"|President<br />
!colspan=3|Term of office<br />
! style="width:100px;" rowspan="2"|Political Party<br />
! style="width:160px;" rowspan="2"|Elected<br />
! style="width:160px;" rowspan="2"|Deputy<br />
|-<br />
!Portrait<br />
!width=180px|Name<br /><small>(Birth–Death)</small><br />
!Took Office<br />
!Left Office<br />
!Days<br />
|-<br />
|colspan="9" bgcolor="lightgrey" align=center|'''1892-1937'''<br />[[File:Estmerish_Royal_Standard.png|30px]] • Chief Minister of the Colony of Imagua • [[File:ImaguaColonialFlag.png|30px]]<br />
|-<br />
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE<br />
!style="background:#0000ff;"|{{color|white|1}}<br />
|[[File:Whiteway.jpg|80px]]<br />
|'''[[Harmon Lambourne]]'''<br/>{{small|(1828-1908)}}<br />
|29 June, 1892<br />
|27 December, 1908<br />
|{{age in days|1892|4|23|1908|12|27}}<br />
|style="background:#0000ff;"|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Lambournite}}]]<br />
|[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1892|1892]]<br>[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1896|1896]]<br>[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1900|1900]]<br>[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1904|1904]]<br>[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1908|1908]]<br />
|''none'' (1892-1906)<br/>[[Dick Parlow]] (1906-1908)<br />
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE<br />
!style="background:#0000ff;"|{{color|white|2}}<br />
|[[File:Newfoundland_at_the_beginning_of_the_20th_century_-_a_treatise_of_history_and_development_(1902)_(14587364079).jpg|80px]]<br />
|'''[[Dick Parlow]]'''<br/>{{small|(1857-1927)}}<br />
|27 December, 1908<br />
|12 February, 1917<br />
|{{age in days|1908|12|27|1917|2|12}}<br />
| style="background:#0000ff;"|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Lambournite}}]]<br />
|[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1909|1909]]<br>[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1913|1913]]<br />
|[[Enoch Hardy]]<br />
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE<br />
!style="background:#c5c12b;"|{{color|white|3}}<br />
|[[File:Hjalmar_branting_stor_bild.jpg|80px]]<br />
|'''[[Peter Hansson]]'''<br/>{{small|(1860-1920)}}<br />
|12 February, 1917<br />
|6 March, 1920<br />
|{{age in days|1917|2|12|1920|3|6}}<br />
| style="background:#c5c12b;"|[[Liberal Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Suthmeerite}}]]<br />
|[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1917|1917]]<br />
|[[Nelson Egnell]]<br />
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE<br />
!style="background:#c5c12b;"|{{color|white|4}}<br />
|[[File:Per_Albin_Hansson_-_Sveriges_styresmän.jpg|80px]]<br />
|'''[[Nelson Egnell]]'''<br/>{{small|(1885-1946)}}<br />
|6 March, 1920<br />
|23 April, 1936<br />
|{{age in days|1920|3|6|1936|4|23}}<br />
| style="background:#c5c12b;"|[[Liberal Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Suthmeerite}}]]<br>{{color|white|↓}}<br>[[Liberal Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Liberal}}]]<br />
|[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1920|1920]]<br>[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1924|1924]]<br />
|[[Martin Trevarthen]] (1920-1926)<br/>[[Lucas Pembroke]] (1926-1935)<br/>[[Martin Trevarthen]] (1935-1936)<br />
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE<br />
!style="background:#0000ff;"|{{color|white|5}}<br />
|[[File:Peter_Fraser.jpg|80px]]<br />
|'''[[Lucas Pembroke]]'''<br/>{{small|(1884-1950)}}<br />
|23 April, 1936<br />
|12 February, 1937<br />
|{{age in days|1936|4|23|1937|2|12}}<br />
| style="background:#0000ff;"|{{nowrap|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Sotirian Democrats}}]]}}<br />
|[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1936|1936]]<br />
|[[Frederick Maynard]]<br />
|-<br />
|colspan="9" bgcolor="lightgrey" align=center|'''1937-1945'''<br />[[File:ImaguaFlag.png|30px]] • Prime Minister of the Republic of Imagua • [[File:ImaguaFlag.png|30px]]<br />
|-<br />
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE<br />
!style="background:#0000ff;"|{{color|white|(5)}}<br />
|[[File:Peter_Fraser.jpg|80px]]<br />
|'''[[Lucas Pembroke]]'''<br/>{{small|(1884-1950)}}<br />
|12 February, 1937<br />
|23 April, 1944<br />
|{{age in days|1937|2|12|1944|4|23}}<br />
| style="background:#0000ff;"|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Sotirian Democrats}}]]<br />
|[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1940|1940]]<br />
|[[Frederick Maynard]]<br />
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE<br />
!style="background:#0000ff;"|{{color|white|6}}<br />
|[[File:Sidney_George_Holland_(1951).jpg|80px]]<br />
|'''[[Frederick Maynard]]'''<br/>{{small|(1893-1972)}}<br />
|23 April, 1944<br />
|3 May, 1945<br />
|{{age in days|1944|4|23|1945|5|3}}<br />
| style="background:#0000ff;"|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Sotirian Democrats}}]]<br />
|[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1944|1944]]<br />
|[[Martin Ellingham]]<br />
|-<br />
|colspan="9" bgcolor="lightgrey" align=center|'''1945-1948'''<br />[[File:ImaguaFlag.png|30px]] • Chief Minister of the Province of Imagua • [[File:ImaguaFlag.png|30px]]<br />
|-<br />
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE<br />
!style="background:#0000ff;"|{{color|white|(6)}}<br />
|[[File:Sidney_George_Holland_(1951).jpg|80px]]<br />
|'''[[Frederick Maynard]]'''<br/>{{small|(1893-1972)}}<br />
|3 May, 1945<br />
|23 April, 1948<br />
|{{age in days|1945|5|3|1948|4|23}}<br />
| style="background:#0000ff;"|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Sotirian Democrats}}]]<br />
|[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1948|1948]]<br />
|[[Martin Ellingham]]<br />
|-<br />
|colspan="9" bgcolor="lightgrey" align=center|'''1948-present'''<br />[[File:ImaguaFlag.png|30px]] • Prime Minister of the Republic of Imagua and the Assimas • [[File:ImaguaFlag.png|30px]]<br />
|-<br />
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE<br />
!style="background:#0000ff;"|{{color|white|(6)}}<br />
|[[File:Sidney_George_Holland_(1951).jpg|80px]]<br />
|'''[[Frederick Maynard]]'''<br/>{{small|(1893-1972)}}<br />
|23 April, 1948<br />
|23 April, 1952<br />
|{{age in days|1948|4|23|1952|4|23}}<br />
| style="background:#0000ff;"|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Sotirian Democrats}}]]<br />
|''none''<br />
|[[Martin Ellingham]]<br />
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE<br />
!style="background:#CE1127;"|{{color|white|7}}<br />
|[[File:President_John_F._Kennedy_with_Prime_Minister_of_Jamaica,_Sir_Alexander_Bustamante_(04)_(cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|'''[[Sotty Haloranov]]'''<br/>{{small|(1876-1969)}}<br />
|23 April, 1952<br />
|23 April, 1956<br />
|{{age in days|1952|4|23|1956|4|23}}<br />
| style="background:#CE1127;"|{{nowrap|[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Democratic Labour}}]]}}<br />
|[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1952|1952]]<br />
|[[Jim Stevens]]<br />
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE<br />
!style="background:#0000ff;"|{{color|white|8}}<br />
|[[File:Joseph_McCarthy_adjusted.jpg|80px]]<br />
|'''[[Martin Ellingham]]'''<br/>{{small|(1904-1989)}}<br />
|23 April, 1956<br />
|23 April, 1960<br />
|{{age in days|1956|4|23|1960|4|23}}<br />
| style="background:#0000ff;"|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Sotirian Democrats}}]]<br />
|[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1956|1956]]<br />
|[[Giovanni Almgren]]<br />
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE<br />
!style="background:#CE1127;"|{{color|white|9}}<br />
|[[File:Giulio_Andreotti,_ca_1979.jpg|80px]]<br />
|'''[[Efrem Lacovara]]'''<br/>{{small|(1919-2013)}}<br />
|23 April, 1960<br />
|23 April, 1968<br />
|{{age in days|1960|4|23|1968|4|23}}<br />
| style="background:#CE1127;"|[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Democratic Labour}}]]<br />
|[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1960|1960]]<br>[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1964|1964]]<br />
|[[Marguerite Ernman]]<br />
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE<br />
!style="background:#CE1127;"|{{color|white|10}}<br />
|[[File:Eric_Williams_(cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|'''[[Eric Fleming]]'''<br/>{{small|(1911-1981)}}<br />
|23 April, 1968<br />
|23 April, 1976<br />
|{{age in days|1968|4|23|1976|4|23}}<br />
| style="background:#CE1127;"|[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Democratic Labour}}]]<br />
|[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1968|1968]]<br>[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1972|1972]]<br />
|[[Marguerite Ernman]]<br />
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE<br />
!style="background:#CE1127;"|{{color|white|11}}<br />
|[[File:Joaquin_Balaguer_1977.jpg|80px]]<br />
|'''[[Pietro Muro]]'''<br/>{{small|(1906-2002)}}<br />
|23 April, 1976<br />
|22 March, 1981<br />
|{{age in days|1976|4|23|1981|3|22}}<br />
| style="background:#CE1127;"|[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Democratic Labour}}]]<br />
|[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1976|1976]]<br>[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1980|1980]]<br />
|[[Marguerite Ernman]]<br />
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE<br />
!style="background:#CE1127;"|{{color|white|12}}<br />
|[[File:Ernman82.jpg|80px]]<br />
|'''[[Marguerite Ernman]]'''<br/>{{small|(1910-2009)}}<br />
|22 March, 1981<br />
|23 April, 1984<br />
|{{age in days|1981|3|22|1984|4|23}}<br />
| style="background:#CE1127;"|[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Democratic Labour}}]]<br />
|[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1981|1981]]<br />
|[[Edmondo Privitera]]<br />
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE<br />
!style="background:#CE1127;"|{{color|white|13}}<br />
|[[File:Rudolph_Giuliani,_U.S._Attorney,_NYC.jpg|80px]]<br />
|'''[[Edmondo Privitera]]'''<br/>{{small|(1944-)}}<br />
|23 April, 1984<br />
|23 April, 1992<br />
|{{age in days|1984|4|23|1992|4|23}}<br />
| style="background:#CE1127;"|[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Democratic Labour}}]]<br />
|[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1984|1984]]<br>[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1988|1988]]<br />
|[[Gerald Larsson]]<br />
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE<br />
!style="background:#CE1127;"|{{color|white|14}}<br />
|[[File:Patrick_Manning_2008.jpg|80px]]<br />
|'''[[Gerald Larsson]]'''<br/>{{small|(1946-2016)}}<br />
|23 April, 1992<br />
|23 April, 2000<br />
|{{age in days|1992|4|23|2000|4|23}}<br />
| style="background:#CE1127;"|[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Democratic Labour}}]]<br />
|[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1992|1992]]<br>[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1996|1996]]<br />
|[[Eleonora Lavorgna]]<br />
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE<br />
!style="background:#e9a735;"|{{color|white|15}}<br />
|[[File:Portia_Simpson-Miller.jpg|80px]]<br />
|'''[[Agnes Ingram]]'''<br/>{{small|(1945-)}}<br />
|23 April, 2000<br />
|23 April, 2008<br />
|{{age in days|2000|4|23|2008|4|23}}<br />
| style="background:#e9a735;"|{{nowrap|[[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Sotirian Labour}}]]}}<br />
|[[2000 Imaguan parliamentary election|2000]]<br>[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#2004|2004]]<br />
|[[Saverio Merante]]<br />
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE<br />
!style="background:#e9a735;"|{{color|white|16}}<br />
|[[File:Owen_Arthur-2.jpg|80px]]<br />
|'''[[Saverio Merante]]'''<br/>{{small|(1949-2021)}}<br />
|23 April, 2008<br />
|23 April, 2016<br />
|{{age in days|2008|4|23|2016|4|23}}<br />
| style="background:#e9a735;"|[[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Sotirian Labour}}]]<br />
|[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#2008|2008]]<br>[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#2012|2012]]<br />
|[[Dennis Egnell]]<br />
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE<br />
!style="background:#CE1127;"|{{color|white|17}}<br />
|[[File:Gaston_Browne_and_Anton_Bakov_cropped.jpg|80px]]<br />
|'''[[Douglas Egnell]]'''<br/>{{small|(1968-)}}<br />
|23 April, 2016<br />
|''incumbent''<br />
|{{age in days|2016|4|23}}<br />
| style="background:#CE1127;"|[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|white|Democratic Labour}}]]<br />
|[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#2016|2016]]<br>[[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#2020|2020]]<br />
|[[Renzo Imburgia]]<br />
|}<br />
<center><timeline><br />
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<br />
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<br />
id:sdp value:rgb(0,0,1) legend:Lambournite/Sotirian_Democratic_Party_(SDP)<br />
id:lib value:rgb(0.77,0.75,0.17) legend:Suthmeerite/Liberal_Party_(LP)<br />
id:dlp value:rgb(0.81,0.07,0.15) legend:Democratic_Labour_Party_(DLP)<br />
id:SLP value:rgb(0.91,0.65,0.21) legend:Sotirian_Labour_Party_(SLP) <br />
id:gray1 value:gray(0.8)<br />
id:gray2 value:gray(0.9)<br />
<br />
DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy<br />
Period = from:01/01/1892 till:04/20/2023<br />
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal<br />
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:8 start:1892<br />
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1892<br />
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<br />
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text:"Political parties:"<br />
<br />
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bar:Harmon_Lambourne<br />
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bar:Peter_Hansson<br />
bar:Nelson_Egnell<br />
bar:Lucas_Pembroke<br />
bar:Frederick_Maynard<br />
bar:Sotty_Haloranov<br />
bar:Martin_Ellingham<br />
bar:Efrem_Lacovara<br />
bar:Eric_Fleming<br />
bar:Pietro_Muro<br />
bar:Marguerite_Ernman<br />
bar:Edmondo_Privitera<br />
bar:Gerald_Larsson<br />
bar:Agnes_Ingram<br />
bar:Saverio_Merante<br />
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<br />
PlotData=<br />
width:8 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till<br />
bar:Harmon_Lambourne<br />
from: 06/29/1892 till: 12/27/1908 color:sdp text:"[[Harmon Lambourne|Lambourne]]" fontsize:10<br />
bar:Dick_Parlow<br />
from: 12/27/1908 till: 02/12/1917 color:sdp text:"[[Dick Parlow|Parlow]]" fontsize:10<br />
bar:Peter_Hansson<br />
from: 02/12/1917 till: 03/06/1920 color:lib text:"[[Peter Hansson|Hansson]]" fontsize:10<br />
bar:Nelson_Egnell<br />
from: 03/06/1920 till: 04/23/1936 color:lib text:"[[Nelson Egnell|N. Egnell]]" fontsize:10<br />
bar:Lucas_Pembroke<br />
from: 04/23/1936 till: 04/23/1944 color:sdp text:"[[Lucas Pembroke|Pembroke]]" fontsize:10<br />
bar:Frederick_Maynard<br />
from: 04/23/1944 till: 04/23/1952 color:sdp text:"[[Frederick Maynard|Maynard]]" fontsize:10<br />
bar:Sotty_Haloranov<br />
from: 04/23/1952 till: 04/23/1956 color:dlp text:"[[Sotty Haloranov|Haloranov]]" fontsize:10<br />
bar:Martin_Ellingham<br />
from: 04/23/1956 till: 04/23/1960 color:sdp text:"[[Martin Ellingham|Ellingham]]" fontsize:10<br />
bar:Efrem_Lacovara<br />
from: 04/23/1960 till: 04/23/1968 color:dlp text:"[[Efrem Lacovara|Lacovara]]" fontsize:10<br />
bar:Eric_Fleming<br />
from: 04/23/1968 till: 04/23/1976 color:dlp text:"[[Eric Fleming|Fleming]]" fontsize:10<br />
bar:Pietro_Muro<br />
from: 04/23/1976 till: 03/22/1981 color:dlp text:"[[Pietro Muro|Muro]]" fontsize:10<br />
bar:Marguerite_Ernman<br />
from: 03/22/1981 till: 04/23/1984 color:dlp text:"[[Marguerite Ernman|Ernman]]" fontsize:10<br />
bar:Edmondo_Privitera<br />
from: 04/23/1984 till: 04/23/1992 color:dlp text:"[[Edmondo Privitera|Privitera]]" fontsize:10<br />
bar:Gerald_Larsson<br />
from: 04/23/1992 till: 04/23/2000 color:dlp text:"[[Gerald Larsson|Larsson]]" fontsize:10<br />
bar:Agnes_Ingram<br />
from: 04/23/2000 till: 04/23/2008 color:SLP text:"[[Agnes Ingram|Ingram]]" fontsize:10<br />
bar:Saverio_Merante<br />
from: 04/23/2008 till: 04/23/2016 color:SLP text:"[[Saverio Merante|Merante]]" fontsize:10<br />
bar:Douglas_Egnell<br />
from: 04/23/2016 till: 04/20/2023 color:dlp text:"[[Douglas Egnell|D. Egnell]]" fontsize:10<br />
</timeline></center><br />
<br />
==List of living former Prime Ministers==<br />
Since the death of [[Saverio Merante]] in 2021, there have been two former Prime Ministers of Imagua and the Assimas who are still alive.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
<gallery><br />
2019_Rudolph_Giuliani,_Ex-Prefeito_de_Nova_York_-_48789790128_(cropped).jpg|'''[[Edmondo Privitera]]'''<br/>served 1984-1992<br/>born 1944 (age {{age|1944|5|28}})<br />
Portia_Miller_Shoot.Jpeg|'''[[Agnes Ingram]]'''<br/>served 2000-2008<br /> born 1945 (age {{age|1945|8|16}})<br />
</gallery><br />
</center><br />
<br />
[[Category:Politics of Imagua and the Assimas]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Luziyca&diff=781924User:Luziyca2024-03-18T20:04:45Z<p>Luziyca: /* Sandboxes */</p>
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<br />
This is a page of an IIwiki user from [[Kylaris]], who was previously in [[Esquarium]] from 2012 until 2019 as Luziyca and several dozen other nations.<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
This IIwiki user was born on August 28, 1997, in Saskatoon, Canada, and has resided there ever since. He graduated high school in 2016, and attended the {{wp|University of Saskatchewan}} until he graduated in 2023. He is currently trying to figure out what he wants to do in life. He is autistic.<br />
<br />
He first joined NationStates in 2009 (although he lurked in it before) as Iraqialand. In early 2010, he ragequit, but rejoined as Khorata a few weeks later. In August of that same year, he got DEAT, but rejoined as Syvorji in October. In November 2011, he switched to Luziyca, and has continued using the account even after he stopped playing as Luziyca in 2019 because he didn't want to lose his post history.<br />
<br />
He is a worldbuilder and an NSGer.<br />
<br />
===Political views===<br />
This IIwiki user is some kind of social democrat whose idea of utopia is a society outlined by {{wp|Karl Marx}}.<br />
<br />
==Active nations==<br />
===Kylaris===<br />
*{{flag|Imagua and the Assimas}}<br />
*{{flag|Rwizikuru}}<br />
<br />
===Levilion===<br />
*{{flag|Surrow}}<br />
<br />
==Pages==<br />
===Sandboxes===<br />
These are the sandboxes where you can see stuff I plan on constructing (somehow): the descriptions more or less don't match what I intend to work on, but they're there.<br />
<br />
*[[User:Luziyca/Sandbox]] - for important articles<br />
*[[User:Luziyca/Sandbox2]] - for other articles<br />
*[[User:Luziyca/Sandbox3]] - odd ideas<br />
*[[User:Luziyca/Template_Sandbox]] - future templates<br />
<br />
===Talk===<br />
If you need to chat with me, just go to [[User talk:Luziyca]], and I will be here shortly.</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Luziyca/Sandbox3&diff=781918User:Luziyca/Sandbox32024-03-18T20:03:54Z<p>Luziyca: overwriting Kylaris stuff with Levilion stuff</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political post<br />
|post = Prime Minister<br />
|body = Surrow<br />
|nativename = Tshishemishku utessit ({{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}})<br>Angajuqqaaq nunagijattinnut ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}})<br />
|flag = Surrow_CoA.png<br />
|flagsize = 150px<br />
|flagborder = <br />
|flagcaption = [[Coat of arms of Surrow]]<br />
|department = <br />
|image = TimHouston.png<br />
|alt = <br />
|incumbent = [[Dwight Timbrell]]<br />
|incumbentsince = 16 December, 2018<br />
|style = {{wp|The Right Honourable}}<br />
|residence = [[Government House, Holcot Inlet]], [[Holcot Inlet]], [[Surrow]]<br />
|nominator = <br />
|member_of = [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]]<br />
|appointer = [[Governor of Surrow|Governor]]<br />
|termlength = Up to four years<br />
|termlength_qualified = No term limits<br />
|constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Surrow]]<br />
|inaugural = [[Clarence Bradley]]<br />
|formation = 1915<br />
|last = [[Ted Fisher]]<br />
|abolished = 24 June, 1950<br />
|succession = [[President of Surrow]]<br />
|deputy = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Surrow]]<br />
|salary = <br />
|website = <br />
}}<br />
The '''Prime Minister of Surrow''' was the {{wp|head of government}} of [[Surrow]] from when it was granted full {{wp|self-government}} by [[Rythene]] in 1915 until Surrow was granted independence in 1950. By custom, the Prime Minister of Surrow was the leader of the largest party in the [[Parliament of Surrow|Surrowese Parliament]], or otherwise had the most support among the members of Parliament.<br />
<br />
==List==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! {{Abbr|№|Number}}<br />
! width=5%| Portrait<br />
! width=10%| Name<br />
! Took office<br />
! Left office<br />
! Days<br />
! Election<br />
! width=10%| Political party<br />
|-<br />
|colspan=8 style="background-color:#C0C0C0;" align=center|'''1915-1950'''<br />[[File:Surrow_Flag.png|30px]] • Prime Minister of Surrow • [[File:Surrow_Flag.png|30px]]<br />
|-<br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|1<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Sir_Edward_Morris_-_Bain_Collection_crop.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Clarence Bradley]]<br/><small>(1856-1932)<br />
|24 June, 1915<br />
|24 October, 1932<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1915|06|24|1932|10|24}}<br />
| [[Elections in Surrow#1915|1915]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1919|1919]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1923|1923]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1927|1927]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1931|1931]]<br />
| style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Longest serving Prime Minister of Surrow, with five majority [[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|FPU]] governments. Introduced basic welfare, regulations to ensure the merchants charged fair prices, instituted a minimum wage, and began building a road network to connect communities on [[Holcot Island]]. Died in office.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|2<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Richard_Squires.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Eddie Hammond]]<br/><small>(1884-1945)<br />
|24 October, 1932<br />
|27 September, 1934<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1932|10|24|1934|09|27}}<br />
| ''none''<br />
| style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Attempted to reform the fisheries and eliminate the power of the merchants completely, leading to [[Ted Fisher]] and many on the party to create the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] in June 1934. Was ousted by a caucus revolt in September 1934.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|3<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Lord_Macdonald.jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Gilbert Bray]]<br/><small>(1888-1966)<br />
|27 September, 1934<br />
|24 June, 1935<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1934|09|27|1935|06|24}}<br />
| ''none''<br />
| style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Shortest serving Prime Minister of Surrow. Attempted to take a more moderate course and to try and reunite the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] with the Fishermen's Protective Union. Was defeated in the 1935 elections.</small><br />
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"<br />
! style="background:#354C9C; color:white;" rowspan="2"|4<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[File:BradleyKingSmallwood1948_(cropped).jpg|80px]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Ted Fisher]]<br/><small>(1900-1991)<br />
|24 June, 1935<br />
|24 June, 1950<br />
|{{Age in years, months and days|1935|06|24|1950|06|24}}<br />
| [[Elections in Surrow#1935|1935]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1954|1954]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1939|1939]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1943|1943]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1947|1947]]<br />
| style="background:#354C9C; color:white;"|[[United People's Party (Surrow)|{{color|white|United People's}}]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5"|<small>Reversed Eddie Hammond's reforms to the fisheries, while strengthening regulations to ensure that fishermen were able to sell goods at a fair price. Invested significantly in {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}}, with schools and clinics being built en masse during his term, oversaw the construction of the [[Surrow International Airport]] during the [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]], and negotiated independence from [[Rythene]] in the aftermath of the Second Great War. Became the first [[President of Surrow]] in 1950.</small><br />
|}</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Luziyca/Sandbox2&diff=781915User:Luziyca/Sandbox22024-03-18T19:59:54Z<p>Luziyca: overwriting Kylaris stuff with Levilion stuff</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Thanksgiving''' ({{wp|Germanic languages|Tyrnican}}: ''Erntedankfest'') is a [[Surrow|Surrowese]] holiday that takes place on the second Monday of October. (TBC)</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Luziyca/Sandbox&diff=781914User:Luziyca/Sandbox2024-03-18T19:59:19Z<p>Luziyca: overwriting Kylaris stuff with Levilion stuff</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Northern Integration Scheme''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''Ukiuqtaqtumi ilaliujjiniq'') was a [[Surrow|Surrowese government]] program that lasted from 1953 until 1977. Instituted by [[President of Surrow|President]] [[Ted Fisher]], the Northern Integration Scheme's stated aims were to "assert Surrowese sovereignty" over [[Great Island]] and to "integrate the {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}} into the body politic." The program saw the relocation of around 5,000 {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}} to fixed settlements, where they faced substantial pressure to abandon their Itchalnu way of life and adopt Surrowese customs.<br />
<br />
(TBC)<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
[[File:Native_camp,_Pangnirtung,_Baffin_Island,_N.W.T.,_August_1931..jpg|250px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu camp near [[Port Lochlan]], August 1931]]<br />
[[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] has been a part of Surrow from the sixteenth century onward: while [[Northland County]] was created in 1563, it lacked any meaningful control over Great Island, with Northland County's seat being at [[Lombelon Bay]]. The first Auressian settlement on Great Island was only established in [[Port Lochlan]] in 1711 by the [[Rythene|Rytheneans]], but Port Lochlan only served as a seasonal settlement until 1733.<br />
<br />
Following the end of the Eleven Years War in 1759, the number of {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island increased, although the total Auressian population on the islands were less than 100 people during the summer months, and around 20 during the winter, mostly in Port Lochlan by 1800. In 1823, an official from [[Holcot Inlet]] reported that "outside of the nineteen outports, which depend both on the treacherous seas that we back on [[Holcot Island]] or even [[Kikik Island]] can only fear and on the generosity of the Itchalnu, there is no effective presence on the island."<br />
<br />
However, efforts to try and assert Rythenean control over the island during the nineteenth century were hampered due to the geography of Great Island, the harsh environment, and costs, which made it very difficult for permanent settlements to be established on the island. However, Kikik Island would be carved out of Northland County in 1869, with the county seat being subsequently moved to Port Lochlan.<br />
<br />
By 1901, the total population of the island according to the Surrowese census was 519 people scattered across twenty settlements, although the enumerators noted that "they were unable to fully count the natives outside of the settlements," and that if they did, "the real population of the island would be twice or thrice as high as it appears on the census."<br />
<br />
With the outbreak of the [[First Great War (Levilion)|First Great War]], fears that [[Tyrnica]] may try to attack Great Island led to the Surrowese government beginning to draft plans for "reinforcing the island and asserting Rythenean sovereignty over the island," with these plans including "establishing settlements for the natives to gravitate themselves towards." These plans would only begin to be implemented in 1915 after Surrow was granted self-government, with the first settlement under that plan being established in 1923 at [[Tuktooit Inlet]] in what is now [[Stoney County]], and followed by the establishment of [[Arvittiavak]] in 1931, with the intention of providing services to the northern Itchalnu populations, such as a school run by [[Perendism|Perendist]] missionaries and a general store that supplied imported goods from Holcot Island.<br />
<br />
However, these settlements, although modestly successful at attracting some Itchalnu to settle there, did not attract the hoped-for population growth, with the population of both settlements in 1931 being around 27 people who permanently lived in the settlements. This led to newly-elected [[Prime Minister of Surrow|Prime Minister]] [[Ted Fisher]] concluding in 1936 that "all the carrots in the world cannot entice the Natives on Great Island to give up on their way of life," and for Ted Fisher to begin planning the scheme.<br />
<br />
==Planning==<br />
In 1942, Ted Fisher's government released a {{wp|white paper}} on the state of Northland County and its "complete inability to exert control outside of the string of outports that line its coast." The white paper suggested that Northland County was "inviable" due to it covering "the entire breadth of Great Island" despite its population "only comprising of 650 people who live inside the law, and around five thousand Natives who live outside the laws of Surrow," and proposed abolishing the county in favour of [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]] that "would better manage those who live in the outports and in the interior than a county."<br />
<br />
However, the ongoing [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]] caused Ted Fisher's government to take little action on the report. Following the war's end in 1943, the Surrowese government began to conduct surveys in Northland County to document the local Itchalnu population and their annual migration patterns, to determine the best sites for new settlements, and to investigate the county government to determine any deficiencies that the existing county had. However, growing calls for Surrowese independence and the government's focus on negotiating with Rythene for full independence meant that these surveys would only be completed by 1951.<br />
<br />
That year, {{wp|palladium}} was discovered near [[Tulaktarvik|Stoney Harbour]] (present-day [[Tulaktarvik]]) by [[General Armaments]]. This added a greater sense of urgency, as Ted Fisher feared that the "presence of such abundant wealth" and Surrow's lack of effective control over most of Great Island would allow for other countries to establish settlements under the guise of {{wp|terra nullius}}.<br />
<br />
In response to the perceived threat, Ted Fisher would draft the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'' in 1952. The {{wp|omnibus bill}} divided Northland County into three improvement districts, pursuant to the 1942 white paper, which had different powers to [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Counties|counties]], and outlined the components of the [[#Program|Northern Integration Scheme]] in order to ensure that "Surrow can demonstrate its sovereignty over the entire Surrowese archipelago, including Great Island." While this legislation was opposed by [[Wes Anderson]], who left the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] to create the [[Northern Party (1949)|Northern Party]] to advocate for maintaining the status quo, the UPP majority was able to pass the bill into law, with the bill coming into effect on 1 April, 1953.<br />
<br />
==Program==<br />
===Registration===<br />
[[File:Man_registered_at_Port_Hentze.jpg|250px|thumb|right|An Itchalnu man holding up his registration number at [[Port Hentze]], 1953]]<br />
The first key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''registration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''atiliurvik''). This would register all the Itchalnu who "lived outside the {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island" as a {{wp|disc number|registration number}} ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''ujamiit''), with each number comprised of a letter corresponding to an improvement district, followed by a two digit number indicating the nearest settlement, followed by a three digit number identifying the individual (e.g. [[Central Improvement District|C]]01-043). These registration numbers were required to be displayed at all times by all Itchalnu assigned these numbers, with the Surrowese government providing discs that displayed their registration number to each person.<br />
<br />
As [[#Settlement|settlement]] progressed, Itchalnu who moved to the settlements and who previously had registration numbers were given Auressian-style names. In most circumstances, first names were based off of school records, while in cases where an Itchalnu person had never attended a school, they were assigned an Auressian-style forename by a bureaucrat. As Itchalnu never had surnames, some bureaucrats assigned Itchalnu Auressian-style surnames, while other bureaucrats would assign Itchalnu names that were rooted in the Itchalnu language. This process of assigning registration numbers was planned to take a period of three to four years, with the Auressian-style names to be given "as the Itchalnu continue to be integrated into the body politic" to replace their registration number.<br />
<br />
===Settlement===<br />
The second key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''settlement''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''nunaliit''). All Itchalnu who had been registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme would be encouraged to move to permanent settlements on the coasts of Great Island, with these settlements being designed to resemble {{wp|Newfoundland outports|Surrowese outports}} on [[Holcot Island]] and [[Kikik Island]]. The Itchalnu would be promised government benefits, better food than what they were able to acquire if they continued to live on the land, and better housing. <br />
<br />
After a one year grace period, if an Itchalnu who was registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme refused to move to a settlement, the Surrowese government would warn "refusants" that if they continued to refuse to move a settlement, they would have their children taken away from them, their dogs would be slaughtered so that they would not be able to continue living a nomadic existence, and they may be charged with trespassing on state land. After another one year grace period, those deemed refusants would be arrested by an officer from the [[Surrowese Constabulary]], their children taken away from them, and their dogs slaughtered, and transported to a settlement that the arresting officer decided upon.<br />
<br />
As part of the Northern Integration Scheme, in addition to the twenty-two settlements which existed prior to the Northern Integration Scheme, fourteen more were to be established in order to ensure that Itchalnu can "continue to live close to their ancestral lands as they begin to be integrated into the body politic." These settlements were expected to be built between 1953 and 1960, with four to be built in the Northern Improvement District, seven to be built in the Central Improvement District, and three in the Southern Improvement District.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation===<br />
The third key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''consolidation''' ({{wp|Inkutitut|Itchalnu}}: ''katiqsuqsimajut''). After all the Itchalnu have been settled into settlements, which was expected to take a six year period between 1954 and 1960, settlements that were deemed to be "prohibitively expensive" for the Surrowese government to provide services to would be declared unsustainable, and residents would be encouraged to move to sustainable settlements, which the government defined as a settlement with more than 150-200 people.<br />
<br />
The purpose of consolidation was to "avoid the mistakes of early settlement of Surrow" where the number of outports had proliferated, "through consolidating the number of settlements from thirty-six settlements to a more manageable number." Consolidation would also "ensure that when these improvement districts become counties, these settlements will be better able to remain sustainable in not just the final quarter of this century, but throughout the next century."<br />
<br />
===Personal integration===<br />
The fourth key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''personal integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''imminnuungajut ilaliujjiniq''), which would involve heavy investment into education, through the establishment of government-run schools that would replace the [[Perendism|Perendist]] mission schools, and through the establishment of {{wp|adult education}} programs targeting the Itchalnu.<br />
<br />
Ted Fisher said that "if we want the Natives on Great Island to become as Surrowese as the Tyrnican in [[Tuckamore County]] or the Rythenean in [[Disappointment County]], the government must take over education from the Perendist missionaries so that the Natives may learn how to live in the Surrow of today." The curriculum for the government-run schools would involve teaching the "values and mores of the body politic" and practical skills that were needed in "modern Surrowese society," such as literacy in {{wp|English language|Rythenean}}, mathematics, and science, so that when they graduated, they would become "fully integrated into Surrowese society."<br />
<br />
Adult education would focus on teaching Itchalnu both the values and mores of the broader Surrowese culture and practical skills so that they would "become a productive part of the modern Surrowese workforce" and allow them to have the skills needed to "function in today's Surrow, rather than the Surrow of yesterday." This would include teaching them Rythenean so that they could fully participate in society.<br />
<br />
Other parts of personal integration included imposing regulations on housing, with houses in the fourteen settlements being designed to be more like houses in Surrowese outports "to promote assimilation into the body politic"; a crackdown on traditional hunting and fishing practices that would "cause the Natives on Great Island to abandon civilisation," and restricting the number of dogs they could own to a "manageable number."<br />
<br />
===Political integration===<br />
The fifth and final key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''political integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''gavamalirinirmut ilaliujjiniq''). Due to [[Northland County]]'s lack of ability to exert control over Great Island, the county was to be abolished and divided into three [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]], which would have power over day-to-day operations of trial courts and determining whether a given settlement was sustainable or unsustainable. Each district would receive one member of [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]] from the [[Elections of Surrow#1954|1954 election]] onward.<br />
<br />
The improvement districts were planned to last for a minimum of twenty-one years from when the bill went into effect, with the ''Northern Integration Act'' saying that if any of the improvement districts reached a population over 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the relevant district(s) would be "considered fully integrated and should be given county status no later than 1 April, 1975, with all the responsibilities thereof." Government officials from the early 1950s expected that both the [[Central Improvement District]] and [[Iqittiniq District|Southern Improvement District]] would become counties by 1975, while it was expected that the [[Ukiuqtaqtuq District|Northern Improvement District]] "will never reach the population threshold to become a county."<br />
<br />
==Implementation==<br />
===Registration, settlement and consolidation===<br />
[[File:Settlement_at_Berentson_Harbour_1954.jpg|250px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu family being allocated a home in [[Berentson Harbour]], 1954]]<br />
Following the passage of the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'', the Surrowese government began immediately on registering the Itchalnu population living outside the settlements, even before the act went into effect. By 1956, the Ministry of Northern Integration "successfully registered every native who did not previously reside in any settlement," with 4,983 Itchalnu registered as part of the first component of the Northern Integration Scheme.<br />
<br />
In 1953, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme began to be implemented, with the fourteen settlements outlined in the Northern Integration Scheme beginning to be constructed. The houses built in the fourteen settlements proved to be ill-suited to the local climate, partially due to the houses being {{wp|prefabricated housing}} that were built as cheaply as possible in order to settle the Itchalnu into the settlements as quickly as possible, and because of the architecture of the Surrowese-style houses lacked the necessary insulation to keep the interior warm during the cold Great Island winters. In addition, the stores established in the settlements sold imported low-quality [[Albrennia|Albrennian]] food at what [[Charles Acklack]] said was "extortionate prices," with prices being "at least three times as high as in Holcot Inlet, and six times as in [[Sherborn]]."<br />
<br />
These factors, in addition to fears among the Itchalnu that they would lose their culture, meant that while the number of refusants only comprised 5%-10% of those who were resettled in 1953 and 1954, by 1959 and 1960, the proportion of refusants grew to around 60%-70% of those resettled in both of those years. Despite the proportion of refusants who wound up being forcefully resettled, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme was completed by 1960, with the Ministry of Northern Integration reporting that of the 5,119 registered people, 3,143 "voluntarily moved to settlements," while 1,976 refusants were relocated, either to Tulaktarvik, Port Lochlan, or Holcot Inlet.<br />
<br />
In 1960, the third component of the Northern Integration Scheme began, with two settlements in the Southern Improvement District being declared unsustainable. From the 1960s until the mid-1980s, all of the fourteen settlements built under the scheme, in addition to eighteen of the twenty-two settlements built prior to the scheme's inception were declared unsustainable, and residents of those settlements were encouraged to move to a sustainable settlement by closing schools, clinics, stores, and community centres in those settlements and refusing to provide more than basic emergency services to unsustainable settlement. Although the Surrowese government expected that most of those in the unsustainable settlements would "funnel down to the administrative centres of the improvement districts," most would move to Tulaktarvik due to economic opportunities.<br />
<br />
===Integration===<br />
The Northern Integration Scheme would bring about a radical change in education: from 1953 onward, the national government took control of all schools on Great Island from the Perendist missions, and began building new schools across the island. Most schools that were built as part of the Northern Integration Scheme were designed to only be {{wp|primary school|primary schools}}, with {{wp|secondary school|secondary schools}} only being built in [[Port Lochlan]] and [[Tulaktarvik]] to "further the integration of Native children into the body politic" and to save money. In order to further integration, virtually all schools on the island banned the use of {{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}} and the practice of Itchalnu culture. By 1964, virtually all children on Great Island attended school, although most children on Great Island were taught a basic vocational education.<br />
<br />
Although children's education was well-funded, adult education was rudimentary in comparison, with [[Charles Acklack]] saying that "all we were taught were how to speak Rythenean, how to maintain a 'modern home,' and how to use modern industrial equipment." Statistics from the Ministry of Northern Integration in 1970 reported that middle-aged Itchalnu and old-aged Itchalnu "lacked the skills necessary to participate in the Surrowese economy, even among those who entered the adult education programs," although it praised the increasing use of Rythenean as a "day-to-day language" among the Itchalnu in all three improvement districts.<br />
<br />
Other major policies designed to promote "personal integration" included the mass slaughter of dogs between 1954 and 1974 to prevent Itchalnu from using dogs to either hunt or for transportation, which Ted Fisher justified in 1956 as being "in the best interests of animal welfare;" forcing Itchalnu fishermen to get fishing licenses in order to fish in the seas surrounding Great Island, with these licenses conditional on Itchalnu fishermen adopting Surrowese fishing techniques, and instituting building codes for all housing that was similar to the building codes in other Surrowese communities.<br />
<br />
Politically, Northland County was dissolved in 1953 as was scheduled, with the three improvement districts being established. Although it was envisaged by the Surrowese government that the Central and Southern Improvement Districts would become counties by 1975, the development of the Tulaktarvik palladium mine and the establishment of government offices led to rapid population growth for the Central Improvement District due to more economic opportunities, while the Southern Improvement District's population declined between 1951 and 1971. Thus, as the Central Improvement District was the only improvement district to exceed 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the ''Stoney County Act'', passed in 1974, promoted the Central Improvement District to county status on 1 April, 1975, with the county adopting the name [[Stoney County]] on that date.<br />
<br />
==End of the program==<br />
[[File:Crosbie_1983-2.jpg|250px|thumb|right|President [[Griffith Davidson]], 1980]]<br />
While the Northern Integration Scheme had wide support in its early years from the United People's Party and from both the Workers' Party and the Fishermen's Protective Union, who merged into the [[Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists]] in 1965, after President [[Ian Withers]] lost the [[Elections in Surrow#1971|1971 general election]], [[Isaac Rosenhain]] commissioned a report on the Northern Integration Scheme's successes and shortcomings.<br />
<br />
In 1975, the report was released: although it praised the Northern Integration Scheme for "extending Surrowese sovereignty onto Great Island in a time when the discovery of palladium deposits made the island vulnerable to foreign intrigues," and the process of settling the Itchalnu into communities, and the process of consolidating unsustainable settlements, the report noted that:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>"''Certain aspects of the Northern Integration Scheme, such as forcing Itchalnu to adopt registration numbers because administrators could not or were unwilling to understand and pronounce Itchalnu names; prohibiting Itchalnu from hunting and fishing in accordance with their traditional customs; prohibiting the Itchalnu language from being spoken in educational institutions; constructing buildings that are poorly designed for the local climate, and charging imported food at an extortionate markup, call into question whether or not the methods used to integrate the Itchalnu into the body politic were heavy-handed''."</blockquote><br />
<br />
The report concluded that despite those flaws, the Northern Integration Scheme "accomplished virtually all of its goals," and recommended that the program be wound down while keeping the existing improvement districts with their powers as they are.<br />
<br />
President Isaac Rosenhain would begin the process of ending the Northern Integration Scheme, by passing legislation in late 1975 that permitted Itchalnu to be used in radio and television broadcasts for up to "an hour a day," and permitted schools to teach Itchalnu as a subject. However, Rosenhain's proposal to replace Surrowese outports with more centralised towns led to Rosenhain's ouster, with his successor, [[Griffin Davidson]], saying that "as he sought to end the Northern Integration Scheme on one hand, he sought to use one of its precepts to destroy the Surrowese way of life."<br />
<br />
In 1977, Griffin Davidson abolished the Ministry of Northern Integration, declaring that "the Itchalnu on Great Island have become an integral part of the Surrowese nation, and it is unjust to continue to treat the Itchalnu as children unable to decide their futures." Although the Ministry of Northern Integration was abolished, and the Northern Integration Scheme officially ended, certain aspects of the program continued under the guidance of the Ministry of Northern Development, namely the processes of political integration and consolidation, with one settlement, Kippenburg Inlet in present-day Iqittiniq District, declared to be unsustainable in 1998.<br />
<br />
Most of the final vestiges of the Northern Integration Scheme were abolished in 2015 under President [[Wyatt Martel]] as part of his vision to improve relations with the indigenous peoples of Surrow. The two improvement districts were renamed to districts, with the districts receiving increased powers over their own governance, and the district councils being mostly elected instead of being appointed by the central government. However, the districts still have the power to declare settlements unsustainable.<br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
*poverty high among Itchalnu<br />
*Itchalnu lost cultural traditions<br />
*centralising Itchalnu into settlements led to formation of [[United Itchalnu Organisation]], [[Northern Party (1971)|Northern Party]], and [[Nangiqpugut Utessit]] in 1970s and 1980s</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Democratic_Party_(Imagua)&diff=780820Democratic Party (Imagua)2024-03-15T20:25:24Z<p>Luziyca: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political party<br />
|name = Democratic Party<br />
|native_name = Partito Democratico<br />
|logo = [[File:ImaguaDemocratic.png|200px]]<br />
|colorcode = #e9a735<br />
|leader1_title = <br />
|leader1_name =<br />
|leader2_title = <br />
|leader2_name = <br />
|founded = 1 July, 1945<br />
|dissolved = 11 July, 1979<br />
|predecessor = [[Liberal Party (Imagua)|Liberal Party]]<br />
|split = <br />
|merged = [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|National Labour Party]]<br />
|headquarters = [[Cuanstad]], [[Imagua and the Assimas]] <br />
|student_wing =<br />
|youth_wing = <br />
|ideology = {{wp|Liberalism}} (1945-1965)<br>{{wp|Conservatism}} (1965-1979)<br />
|position = {{wp|Centrist politics|Centre}} to {{wpl|Center-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
|national = [[Democratic Party (Sainte-Chloé)|Democratic Party]] (1945-1948)<br />
|anthem = {{wp|The Land (song)|The Land}}<br />
|colors = {{colorbox|#e9a735}} Gold<br />
|symbol = <br />
|website = <br />
|country = Imagua and the Assimas<br />
}}<br />
The '''Democratic Party''' ({{wp|Italian language|Etrurian}}: ''Partito Democratico d'Imagua'') was a political party in [[Imagua and the Assimas]]. Established in 1945 when the [[Liberal Party (Imagua)|Liberal Party]] renamed itself to the Democratic Party in order to affiliate itself with the [[Democratic Party (Sainte-Chloé)|Democratic Party]] in the [[United Provinces (Kylaris)|United Provinces]], the party would exist until its merger with the [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|National Labour Party]] in 1979.<br />
<br />
Its zenith was under the leadership of [[Rupert Cox]] from 1968 to 1980, when in the 1976 general elections, the Imaguan Party of Democrats were able to take one seat in the [[House of Commons of Imagua|House of Commons]], and won a by-election in 1978 which increased their presence to two members of Parliament. Due to the creation of the [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|National Labour Party]] in 1978, the Democratic Party voted to merge with the National Labour Party the following year in order to avoid splitting the opposition.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:George_Chambers_(cropped).jpg|250px|thumb|left|[[Rupert Cox]], 1976]]<br />
In 1945, the Liberal Party, under the leadership of [[Abraham Halfacre]], renamed itself to the Democratic Party, and affiiated itself with [[Pierre Voloix]]'s [[Democratic Party (Sainte-Chloé)|Democratic Party]]. All Liberal MPs in the parliaments of Imagua and the United Provinces became Democratic MPs.<br />
<br />
However, as relations between Imagua and the United Provinces deteriorated, tensions grew within the Democratic Party, with many within the party, led by [[Herschel Ahern]], seeking to merge the party with the [[Labour Party (Imagua)|Labour Party]], while Halfacre sought to preserve the party as a centrist force, and as the "voice of Imagua" within the union. In 1947, the Democratic Party split in two, with Ahern's faction voting to merge with the Labour Party to create the [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]. However, Halfacre remained the de-jure leader of the Democratic Party, maintaining the loyalty of five legislative councillors and himself.<br />
<br />
In the 1948 elections, the Democratic Party lost its remaining seats in the House of Commons, despite finishing second in many Cuanstad seats. That year, after Imagua was expelled from the United Provinces, the Imaguan Democratic Party cut ties with the Democratic Party of the Golden Isles. After losing the 1952 elections, Halfacre resigned as party leader, and was succeeded by [[Reginald Wheeler]], who was the first [[Bahio-Imaguan people|Bahio-Imaguan]] to lead an Imaguan political party. Howver, following a poor result in 1956, Wheeler was succeeded by [[Enoch Saunders]] as leader.<br />
<br />
In 1961, [[Otto Newman]] was expelled from the Democratic Labour caucus, and affiliated himself with the Democratic Party, making him the first Democratic MP since 1948. Due to his prominence within the party, Newman took over the party leadership in 1963, and would lead the party into the 1964 election. However, after losing his seat, Newman was succeeded by [[Rupert Cox]], who would reorient the party to be a "conservative alternative" to the [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democrats]], who were associated with the "racist system" that existed on Imagua.<br />
<br />
The party would improve their results in 1968 and 1972, but still failed to secure a seat in the House of Commons. However, in 1973, former DLP MP [[Clelia Pavon]] joined the Democratic Party, and in 1976, the Democratic Party elected its first MP since 1948 when Rupert Cox won election to his own seat, and two years later, a by-election saw [[Ted Branson]] elected for the Democratic Party.<br />
<br />
However, in 1978, [[Travis Marshall]] and four other DLP MPs crossed the floor and formed the [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|National Labour Party]]. Not wanting to split the opposition, and due to widespread support for the National Labour Party threatening the Democratic Party, the two parties merged in 1979.<br />
<br />
==Political positions==<br />
The Imaguan Party of Democrats was a {{wp|centre-right politics|centre-right}} political party, based on the traditional ideals of {{wp|classical liberalism}}. However, from the late 1960s onward, the Democratic Party became a more {{wp|conservative party}} as it sought the votes of Bahio-Imaguans who were aligned with the Sotirian Democrats, but "detested the racist policies that they had espoused."<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Election<br />
! Leader<br />
! Candidates<br />
! Seats<br />
! +/-<br />
! Position<br />
|-<br />
| 1948<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Abraham Halfacre]]<br />
|22/66<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|66|hex=#e9a735}}<br />
|{{nochange}}<br />
|style="background:#FFDDDD; color:black"|Extra-parliamentary opposition<br />
|-<br />
| 1952<br />
|63/63<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|63|hex=#e9a735}}<br />
|{{nochange}}<br />
|style="background:#FFDDDD; color:black"|Extra-parliamentary opposition<br />
|-<br />
| 1956<br />
|[[Reginald Wheeler]]<br />
|61/63<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|63|hex=#e9a735}}<br />
|{{nochange}}<br />
|style="background:#FFDDDD; color:black"|Extra-parliamentary opposition<br />
|-<br />
| 1960<br />
|[[Enoch Saunders]]<br />
|63/63<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|63|hex=#e9a735}}<br />
|{{nochange}}<br />
|style="background:#FFDDDD; color:black"|Extra-parliamentary opposition<br />
|-<br />
| 1964<br />
|[[Otto Newman]]<br />
|65/65<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|65|hex=#e9a735}}<br />
|{{nochange}}<br />
|style="background:#FFDDDD; color:black"|Extra-parliamentary opposition<br />
|-<br />
| 1968<br />
|rowspan=3|[[Rupert Cox]]<br />
|64/65<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|65|hex=#e9a735}}<br />
|{{nochange}}<br />
|style="background:#FFDDDD; color:black"|Extra-parliamentary opposition<br />
|-<br />
| 1972<br />
|67/67<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|67|hex=#e9a735}}<br />
|{{nochange}}<br />
|style="background:#FFDDDD; color:black"|Extra-parliamentary opposition<br />
|-<br />
| 1976<br />
|67/67<br />
|{{Composition bar|1|67|hex=#e9a735}}<br />
|{{increase}} 1<br />
|style="background:#FFDDDD; color:black"|Third party<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Political parties in Imagua and the Assimas]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Mirites&diff=776975Mirites2024-03-05T21:37:39Z<p>Luziyca: /* Genetics */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox ethnic group<br />
|group = Mirites<br>Ⲙⲓⲣⲓⲏⲧ<br />
|image = [[File:Orthodox,_Tigray_(8344861519).jpg|250px]] <br />
|caption = Mirite mother and child<br />
|population = '''8,000,000-10,000,000'''<br />
|region1 = {{flag|Mabifia}}<br />
|pop1 = 5,218,441<br />
|region2 = {{flag|Yemet}}<br />
|pop2 = 1,839,820<br />
|region3 = {{flag|Satucin}}<br />
|pop5 = 750,632<br />
|region4 = {{flag|Rwizikuru}} <br />
|pop4 = 189,034<br />
|region5 = {{flag|Garambura}}<br />
|pop5 = 20,918<br />
|langs = {{wp|Nobiin language|Mirite language}} (traditional)<br />
|rels = [[Bahian Brethren Church]]<br>[[Continuing Mirite Church]]<br />
|related-c = <br />
}}<br />
The '''Mirites''', sometimes rendered as '''Mereyits''' ({{wp|Nobiin language|Mirite}}: Ⲙⲓⲣⲓⲏⲧ, ''Miríít''), are an {{wp|ethno-religious group}} descended from the historical caste of the same name which arose amongst the TBD of present-day [[Ihram]]. The Mirites were a nomadic people, eventually becoming a class of warriors and merchants with the adoption of the [[Hourege]] system in [[Bahia]] in the tenth century. They specialised in financial transactions, due to their adoption of a written alphabet and literary culture as opposed to the oral-based cultures of southern Bahia.<br />
<br />
The emergence of the Mirites is directly linked to the adoption of [[Sotirianity]] by the Machaï peoples in YEAR. [[Kartolaos Makianos]], the {{wp|bishop}} of [[Anavaen]], led his followers on a self-styled "exodus" following their persecution at the hands of the [[Machian Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] religious authorities. They sought refuge amongst the neighbouring [[Bahian traditional religion|fetishist]] [[Sâre|Sâretic entities]], where they used their interconnectedness and written language in order to establish a basic {{wp|banking system}}. This network eventually spread among the {{wp|Fulani people|Ndjarendie}} villages and even further across Bahia. With the emergence of Hourege the Mirites flourished as nomadic merchants and mercenaries, cementing their acceptance amongst the courts of Karanes across Bahia. While some Mirites were involved in anti-colonial resistance movements, the vast majority were accepting of [[Euclea|Euclean]] colonisation and they filled many of the local administrative positions under the new regimes. This led to their villification by many Bahian nationalist movements, with anti-Mirite sentiments growing especially among the Rwizi in Rwizikuru. This led to the community being expelled by the [[Rwizikuru|Rwizikuran government]] in 1966 under [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]], with the expulsion lasting until 1982, when they were allowed to return. Many fled the country, causing large diasporas in [[Satucin]] and [[Euclea]], but also in neighbouring nations.<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The name ''Mirite'' is a {{wp|Romanisation|Gallicisation}} of the {{wp|Old Nubian language|Classical Machaï}} word ⲙⲓⲣⲓⲏⲧ, ''mirieit'' meaning "new person". This was the name that the first Mirites used to self identify themselves, as a manner of distinction from the other Machaï who they held as not fully embracing the worship of [[Ezekiel]]. The name was simplified to "Mirite" by Gaullican missionaries, though Mereyit/Mereïet have also been used in the past. The current spelling was standardised in 1704.<br />
==Role==<br />
===Under Sâre===<br />
Due to the highly decentralised nature of [[Sâre|Saretic society]], the Mirite community was initially separated across several villages. They lived nomadic lifestyles and their literary culture allowed them to pass messages between each other, which meant that villages would often attempt to recruit the Mirites to act as spies in other villages. Merchants would often hire Mirite scribes in order to handle their finances, which attracted a degree of respect and acceptance to the group who were initially considered to be heretics by the fetishist villagers. Constantly on the move and religiously exhorted to be a self-sufficient community, the Mirites were also renowned as warriors and were often hired as mercenaries to defend villages from bandits and other threats.<br />
<br />
===Under Hourege===<br />
[[File:Istituto_agronomico_per_l'oltremare,_museo,_campioni_etnografici,_cestini_e_fiaschi_di_uso_casalingo,_da_addis_abeba,_etiopia,_ante_1938.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Mirite earthenware at a museum in TBD, 2019]]<br />
It was with the centralisation that Hourege brought to Bahian society that the Mirites were able to fully thrive as a social group. The larger realms that were enabled with the introduction of Rahelian administrative ideas required large numbers of literate and numerically proficient aides and functionaries. The Mirites were highly trusted in this regard, having served in similar roles during the Saretic period. While the Mirite monopoly over literacy was soon undermined by the adoption of the {{wp|Adlam script}} for the {{wp|fulani language|Ndjarendie}} language, Mirite scholars and polymaths were regarded highly and often continued to hold dominant positions. With the advent of larger realms and greater trade, a new system was required for the processing of tributes and this led to the adoption of currencies and a rudimentary financial system. Wealthy Mirite merchants began to offer {{wp|loans}} to Karanes and even Houreges in order for them to finance their military exploits, and the interconnectedness of the Mirite communities meant that such loans were able to be centralised and noted down. The constant need for soldiers by Houregic states allowed for Mirite men to form companies of mercenaries, who functioned in a manner similar to the loans accorded by Mirite merchants. These factors meant that despite facing the disapproval of large amounts of the clergy and common peoples, the Mirites played a key role in the environment of Bahian society.<br />
<br />
===During Colonisation===<br />
[[File:ETH-BIB-Abessinier_zu_Pferd-Abessinienflug_1934-LBS_MH02-22-1154.tif|150px|thumb|right|A Mirite messenger, 1934]]<br />
As fellow [[Sotirianty|Sotirians]] the Mirites were seen as natural partners by the Euclean powers, who needed local administrators who were able to speak the local languages and maintain their authority at a lower level. Many Mirites worked as clerks and in other administrative roles during this period. Their status as Sotirians meant that Mirites faced less persecution under the Euclean administration than they had under the Irfanic and Fetishist Houregic governments which had preceded them, which led to the tacit support of many Mirites for the Eucleans. This role of collaboration, in turn, led to an increase in anti-Mirite sentiment amongst the Irfanic communities who saw it as a betrayal. The Mirite acceptance of Euclean influences led to many going into eastern-style formal education, which led to their exposure to Euclean ideological currents and it was via this ideological connection that ideologies such as [[Equalism]] first made their way to Bahia. Many of the early leaders of the [[Pan-Bahianism|Pan-Bahian]] movement were ethnic Mirites, such as author [[Daniel Amankose]] whose essay ''[[The Revolt of the Métis]]'' is often seen as one of the first signs of a pan-Bahian national identity.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Exodus===<br />
[[File:St._Cyril_of_Alexandria.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Depiction of [[Kartolaos Makianos]] on an icon]]<br />
According to Mirite tradition, the bishop of [[Anavaen]], [[Kartolaos Makianos]], received a vision from [[Ezekiel]] that the form of [[Sotirianity]] practiced in Anavaen was a "perversion of the ministry of {{wp|Jesus Christ|Jesus Sotiras}}," and that as the sole descendant on the male-line, Makianos was the successor ({{wp|Coptic langauge|TBD}}: ⲇⲓⲁⲧⲟⲭⲟⲥ, ''diatokhos''), or diadoch, to both Jesus Sotiras and Ezekiel Khristo's teachings. Makiano promoted his vision, but was unappreciated by the Sotirians, who began persecuting Kartolaos Makianos and his followers. In response, in 457 CE, Makianos and his followers went on an exodus to the [[Sare|villages]] in Bahia, as despite their [[Bahian fetishism|pagan]] ways, the Bahians would not be hostile to their beliefs. They would ultimately reach [[Munzwa]] in 531 CE, with Makianos' grandson, [[Apamoun I Makianos]] establishing Munzwa as the seat of the diadochate.<br />
<br />
However, according to archaeologists, the generally accepted view is that the Mirites left present-day [[Ihram]] around 600 CE, with their arrival in [[Bahia]] ranging from around 650 CE and 700 CE. However, it is believed by geneticists that only a small fraction of the Mirite population were ultimately descended from these migrants, with most Mirite ancestors in the Y line, and virtually all in the X line being of local Bahian origin. In addition, there is no evidence showing that the diadoch settled himself in [[Munzwa]] until around 1200 CE, when the [[Rwizi Empire]] emerged as the main power in eastern Bahia, which has led to controversy as to where the diadochs were initially located after their migration, with most scholars believing that the diadochs were nomadic, like the rest of the Mirites, although some scholars, most notably [[Geoffrey Chimutengwende]], have argued that the Mirite diadochate only established itself around 1200 CE as a separate institution.<br />
<br />
===Sâretic period===<br />
[[File:Pope_Damian_of_Alexandria.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Depiction of [[Krystafer Makianos]] on an icon]]<br />
In the [[Sare|Saretic period]], the Mirite community splintered, as Mirites spread across [[Bahia]]. However, as the Mirite clergy were literate in the {{wp|Old Nubian language|Classical Machaï}}, they were able to send messages between villages, allowing the Mirites to remain informed and to keep track as to when to celebrate their traditional observances. This initially led to poor relations between the Mirites and the native Bahians residing in the villages, although it would improve over time as the Mirites assumed a greater role in Bahian society.<br />
<br />
During this period, the diadoch continued to be passed down from father-to-son, while the bedrock of Mirite society was laid: in 703 CE, diadoch [[Krystafer Makianos]] decreed that staying in a village longer than seven years was "inherently sinful," as it would lead to {{wp|Sloth (deadly sin)|sloth}}, and urged the Mirites to be as self-reliant as possible, so they would be better able to preserve their faith from [[Bahian fetishism|Bahian influences]]. The ''[[Krystafer Principles]]'' also prohibited conversion to the [[Mirite Church]], except "when a master enslaves a non-Mirite," in which case the slave must be converted, and required all men to teach their sons how to read and write the TBD language, so they would be able to communicate with "all Mirites, regardless of where they are."<br />
<br />
The adoption of the Krystafer Principles helped ensure that the Mirites remained united, despite their dispersal across Bahia, as their continued nomadic lifestyle and self-reliance allowed them to remain distinct from the surrounding Bahian society, while their growing acceptance by the villages allowed the Mirites to assume a niche as a mercantile and warrior caste.<br />
<br />
===Bahian consolidation===<br />
[[File:Flickr_-_Hanne7_-_Kapelle_25_Bagawat_(2).jpg|250px|thumb|left|A ceiling of a Mirite church near present-day [[Rutendo]], [[Rwizikuru]], 2008]]<br />
With the start of the [[Hourege#Consolidation of non-Irfanic states|Bahian consolidation]] against the [[Founagé Dominion of Heaven]] in 898 CE, the Mirite community, like the [[Bahian fetishism|fetishists]], were worried about the further incursion of [[Irfan]] against the villages that they resided in. In this environment, while villages attempted to form alliances with one another to protect themselves, these alliances frequently collapsed due to mutual suspicions and demands of equality between the villages. However, the Mirites played a role in securing these agreements, and attempted to mediate in disputes, even though these efforts frequently failed to achieve much success.<br />
<br />
As a result, with the rise of the [[Hourege|houregic system]], the Mirites initially feared they would lose their status and prestige, but instead, the Mirites became administrators, as there was a need for people who were literate and who had numeracy skills to help administer these newfound states. This not only allowed them to maintain their positions in society, but also play an important role in the fledgling trade networks between the houregic states and the rest of [[Coius]].<br />
<br />
With the establishment of the [[Rwizi Empire]] around 1160 CE, the first authentic records show the presence of a diadoch in [[Munzwa]], which was the empire's capital. These records, penned by diadoch [[Tawadros III Makaios]] around 1166, said that "the diadoch and his family have an obligation to stay in Munzwa" in order to protect and promote the interests of the Mirite caste in the empire.<br />
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However, even in the thirteenth century, many clergymen complained of the Mirites adopting the "vulgar language" spoken by the other castes, suggesting the start of a {{wp|language shift}} from the {{wp|Old Nubian language|Classical Machaï}} to the local {{wp|Bantu languages|Oulume languages}}, such as {{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}}, with the first evidence of literary records written in Rwizi, known as ''khameos'' (ⲭⲁⲙⲉⲟⲥ, lit. ''commoner'') dating to around 1250 CE.<br />
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By the time of the fourteenth century, diadoch [[Sarabion I Makaios]] restated the ''[[Krystafer Principles]]'', and condemned "many of our men for failing to teach their sons how to speak our language," with Sarabion complaining that "many of the potential clergymen have little knowledge of how to speak our language, though they know how to read and write its letters in the ''khameos'' style."<br />
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===Bahian golden age===<br />
[[File:Colección_Miguel_Gallés._Cruz_etíope_XIX_(46.5x13.5).jpg|150px|thumb|right|A Mirite crucifix from the [[Bahian Golden Age]], as seen in 2017]]<br />
With the beginning of the [[Bahian Golden Age]] in the fifteenth century, the position of the Mirites in the [[Hourege|houregic]] system had effectively been cemented across most of [[Bahia|the subcontinent]]. As Bahia's financial system began developing, the Mirite community assumed a position as {{wp|moneylenders}}, with Mirite records of transactions greatly increasing during this period. This earned them criticism from the [[Bahian fetishism|fetishist clergy]] and the commoners, leading to growing tensions between the clergy and the commoners, and the Mirite community.<br />
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With the publication of the ''[[Akrivia Nakosmos]]'' by [[Theodoros of Igitare]], the ''[[Lourale ka Maoube]]'', or the Contestations of the Elders began. During this period, the Mirites contributed extensively to the advancement of science in the region, primarily to the fields of {{wp|philosophy}}, {{wp|theology}}, and {{wp|astronomy}}, with prominent Mirites being [[Evanderos of TBD]], [[Ksystous of TBD]], and [[Yeshak II Makianos]].<br />
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In 1491, a {{wp|schism}} occurred, as [[Bishoi Sawiris]] published a letter criticising the then Diadoch [[Khristophoros I Makianos]], arguing that as [[Ezekiel]] went to heaven in 59 CE, it was "fundamentally impossible for Ezekiel to give a vision to [[Karatalaos Makianos]]," and that based on the [[Book of Nod]] and the [[Book of Eden]], Bishoi Sawiris was the real diadoch. Although this schism was relatively minor, as only around five percent of the Mirite population sided with Sawiris, the [[Sawirites]] posed a serious threat to the Mirite faith that Khristophoros I Makianos anathematized Sawiris and excommunicated "all those who follow Sawiris."<br />
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Despite this schism, the Mirites were able to maintain their position among the houregic society in Bahia, as the small size of the Sawirite community, combined with the latter's turmoil made it less attractive to many Mirites.<br />
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By the sixteenth century, as the golden age began to come to a close, and the fortunes of the [[Rwizi Empire]] began declining, the role of the Mirites continued growing, particularly as the Rwizi Empire became dependent on loans from the Mirites. As the Empire was unable to pay them back, mercenaries and funds began to be directed to other houreges and karanes, which while it benefited them, caused the reputation of the Mirites to diminish, particularly among the {{wp|Shona people|Rwizi}}, as they were seen to be duplicitous.<br />
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===Colonial era===<br />
[[File:Katedrála_sv._Jiří.jpg|250px|thumb|left|[[Saint Kartolaos' Cathedral, Koupanni|Saint Kartolaos' Cathedral]] in [[Koupanni]] as seen in 2009]]<br />
At the start of the seventeenth century, relations between {{wp|Shona people|Rwizis}} and Mirites were deteriorating, particularly as the weakening [[Rwizi Empire]] became reliant on the Mirites, much to the chagrin of the military class. With many independent houreges beginning to persecute Mirites, in 1609, Diadoch [[Ksystous III Makianos]] ordered "all Mirites conceal their identity" to protect themselves from persecution, invoking the [[Brethren Church#Zhoroa|pillar of hnouhôp]]. However, despite this, many Mirites fled to [[Makania]] in present-day [[Mabifia]] in order to escape the persecution by the Rwizi states, while others moved closer to the new trading posts set up by Euclean powers, such as [[Port Graham]] or [[Sainte-Germaine]].<br />
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In 1655, following the sack of the city of [[Munzwa]] by the [[Kambou Empire]], Ksystous' son, [[Awraham VII Makianos]] and his family were sent to the city of [[Koupanni]] by the conquering Kambouan forces, thereby making Koupanni the new centre of the [[Mirite Church]]. With the relative tolerance given to the Mirites, Awraham VII was able to rescind his father's order to conceal their identity. Meanwhile, in the newly-established trading posts, Mirites became valued as go-betweens between [[Euclea|Euclean]] officials and native [[Bahia|Bahians]], due to the Mirites' faith being related to their [[Sotirianity|Sotirian]] faith.<br />
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The growing cooperation between Mirites and the Euclean colonisers gave the Mirites a privileged position in the emerging [[Toubacterie|colonial society]], but at the expense of undermining their reputation among the native Bahian population even further. By the turn of the eighteenth century, Mirites have effectively become firm allies of Euclean powers, as they were employed in administrative positions, which allowed them to gain certain privileges that other Bahians did not have.<br />
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This meant that when slavery began to be abolished, first by [[Estmere]] in 1740, and later by [[Gaullica]] in 1790, the Mirite community found themselves vulnerable, particularly as in present-day [[Rwizikuru]], Estmere would abandon [[Port Graham]] in 1803. Mirites still living around Port Graham were "slaughtered as though they were dogs" by the native Bahians, with reports to Euclea helping cause the Euclean public to demand that [[Bahian Fetishism]] be cracked down upon.<br />
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During the [[Toubacterie#Fatougole|Fatougole]], as Euclean powers asserted or reasserted control over areas of Bahia, Mirites were once again willing to assist the Euclean colonisers against the native Bahian population. After having helped Eucleans assert control, they helped the Eucleans maintain control over Bahia, which meant that though they were not able to rise to the highest positions in colonial governance, they were able to reach higher levels than most Bahians at the time, and were able to receive a better education than most Bahians.<br />
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By the late nineteenth century, Mirite nationalism began developing, with one current being led by [[Hitimana Bestravos]], who advocated for the creation of a Mirite state in present-day [[Makania]] based along eastern principles, while another current was led by priest [[Aron Yassa]], who advocated for a Mirite state to be led by the Diadoch. While these two currents were prominent among Mirite intellectuals advocating for independence, there were some who advocated differently, most notably [[Daniel Amankose]], who advocated for [[Pan-Bahianism|Bahian unity]]. However, virtually all Mirites at the time were willing to cooperate with Euclean authorities, with almost none of them willing to use violence to achieve their goals, leading to many Mirites cooperating with the Eucleans during the [[Sougoulie]].<br />
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Thus, as the twentieth century began, the Mirite community occupied privileged positions in not just the colonial governments, but also in the economy, with a report from 1901 reporting that the Mirites in the Estmerish colony of [[Rwizikuru|Riziland]] paid around seventy percent of the colony's taxes despite only making up a small proportion of the country's population. This led to continued tensions between Bahians and Mirites, particularly as the former resented the latter for their betrayal and for their dominance over the economy. At around the turn of the twentieth century, contact with the [[Brethren Church]] had been made, leading to a development of close ties between the Brethren Church and the [[Mirite Church]], starting under the leadership of Mirite Diadoch [[Danyal IV Makianos]], and continuing under his successor, [[Khristophoros II Makianos]].<br />
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===Anticolonial period===<br />
[[File:KhristophorosII.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Diadoch [[Khristophoros II]], 1965]]<br />
As opposition to direct [[Toubacterie#Woundie|Euclean rule]] grew across the [[Bahia|subcontinent]], the Mirites found themselves in a vulnerable position, as due to their cooperation with Euclean powers, the Mirites were distrusted by many Bahian nationalists. This led to increasingly hostile relations between many native Bahian groups and the Mirites, which in turn led to Mirites become more aligned with Euclean colonisers.<br />
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However, after the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] ended, as most [[Euclea|Euclean]] powers began plans to decolonise the continent, the fate of the Mirites became uncertain. With [[Mabifia]] falling into a [[First Mabifian Civil War|civil war]] shortly upon its independence in TBD, Diadoch [[Danyal IV Makianos]] aligned the church with the karanes, out of fears that the {{wp|African socialism|Bahian socialists}} would "hurt traditional religions" the way that "the colonisers did to the [[Bahian Fetishism|native religion]]." However, many Mirites living in urban areas, including [[Léopold Giengs]], supported the [[Popular Liberation Movement (Mabifia)|Popular Liberation Movement]].<br />
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Despite these efforts, upon the conclusion of the civil war and the establishment of the [[Mabifian Democratic Republic]], the new Diadoch, [[Khristophoros II Makianos]], and his family were forced to leave [[Koupanni]], heading to [[Port Fitzhubert]] in 1943. Under Giengs' regime, the Mirite community were treated well, particularly as Giengs himself was a Mirite, with Giengs' successors continuing his policies towards the Mirites. This did lead to a perception among opponents to the Mabifian government that Mirites were promoting socialism, which only heightened the anti-Miritism present among the average Mabifian.<br />
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Meanwhile, in [[Rwizikuru]], upon its independence from [[Estmere]] in 1946, relations between Mirites and the Rwizikuran government were initially positive, with [[Zophar Bohannon]] allowing the Mirite population to maintain their economic position, even as the Rwizikuran government sought to adopt {{wp|socialism|socialist policies}}. However, relations deteriorated from 1954, when [[Vudzijena Nhema]] became the leader of Rwizikuru, with policies being made to rapidly reduce Mirite influence in society, until it culminated in their expulsion from Rwizikuru in 1973.<br />
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In the religious sphere, by 1947, full communion was established between the [[Mirite Church]] and the [[Brethren Church]], with contact and cooperation between the two sects of [[Ezekielism]] increasing. Diadoch Khristophoros II advocated for {{wp|ecumenism}} to the Brethren Church, and believed in the "reunification of the two churches." With increasing numbers of Mirites settling outside of Bahia, Khristophoros II ordained bishops and priests to serve the Mirites living in the diaspora.<br />
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===Modern era===<br />
[[File:David_Yau_Yau.png|250px|thumb|left|Photo of [[Ahmad Amantose]], 2013]]<br />
By 1966, the Mirite community in [[Rwizikuru]] was expelled by [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|Mambo]] [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]], on the pretext that the Mirites had "reaped the profits of oppression, of colonialism, and of [Rwizikuru's] resources." The expulsion order seized all property and businesses owned by Mirites, including churches.<br />
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In response, Diadoch [[Khristophoros II Makianos]] relocated the [[Mirite Church]] to the [[Satucin|Satucine]] city of TBD, with many Rwizikuran Mirites following the Diadoch to Satucin. With the relocation of the Mirite Church to Satucin, it allowed for a deepening of ties with the [[Brethren Church]], culminating in a 1968 agreement where the Brethren Church would become an autonomous Brethren Church under the jurisdiction of the Diadoch of the Brethren Church, but permitting Khristophoros II to maintain his title of Diadoch until his death.<br />
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Upon Khristophoros II's death in 1973, a {{wp|schism}} took place, as while his eldest son, [[Yakobas Makianos]] became the Patriarch of the [[Bahian Brethren Church]], his second son, [[Apamoun V Makianos|Apamoun]] declared himself the Diadoch of the [[Continuing Mirite Church]], taking the name Apamoun V. This schism greatly divided the Mirite community, as many priests and bishops sided with Apamoun V's claim, as they believed that Khristophoros II had no right to cede his title. Apamoun V severed communion with the Brethren Church over the "illegitimate agreement," leading to the Brethren Church cutting communion with the Continuing Mirites.<br />
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At the same time as the schism, the [[Second Mabifian Civil War]] raged on, with many Mirites in Mabifia supporting the socialist government, as they feared persecution by the rebel forces. However, some anti-socialist Mirites in [[Makania]] took the opportunity to wage a war of independence, seeking to create a Mirite state in Makania. This was supported by Continuing Mirite Diadoch Apamoun V, who believed that by supporting them, he would not only be able to return to [[Koupanni]], but also cement the Continuing Mirite Church's position as the legitimate [[Mirite Church]].<br />
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This led to the emergence of the [[Mourâhiline]] [[Sans-Éclipses]], who defended against the Mirite separatists. Thus, when the Second Mabifian Civil War concluded in 1978, tensions between the Sans-Éclipses and the [[People's Coalition for Makanian National Sovereignty]] remained, leading to the outbreak of the [[Makanian Conflict]], which included the left-wing Mirites, who established the [[Makanian Workers' Army]].<br />
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In 1981, the new Rwizikuran monarch, [[Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe]] rescinded Izibongo's expulsion of the Mirites, and offered Mirites wishing to return to Rwizikuru compensation for their lost properties and wealth. This led to a re-establishment of a Mirite community in Rwizikuru, although its size was not as large as it had been prior to the expulsion of the Mirites in 1966.<br />
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However, during the 1980s, attacks by the Sans-Éclipses on Mirites, and retaliatory attacks led to calls for peace efforts. Thus, beginning in 1989, [[Yakobas Makianos]] attempted to negotiate peace with the Mabifian government, with the most successful ceasefire in the Makanian Conflict lasting between 1994 and 1997. Following the election of [[Mahmadou Jolleh-Bande]] that year, the Makanian Conflict restarted with full intensity, due to Jolleh-Bande's hardline stance on regional autonomy. While Yakobas Makianos deplored the war crimes on "both sides of the conflict," and urged both sides to return to the negotiating table, Apamoun V felt that "as the Mabifian government has no intention of following the rules of war, the Mirites should not have to do so either."<br />
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In the late 2000s, a power struggle emerged in the People's Coalition for Makanian National Sovereignty between those who wanted to negotiate with the Mabifian government to establish a federal system that would give the Mirites autonomy, and those who wanted to continue the conflict. While Yakobas Makianos supported the negotiations, Apamoun V was hesitant to support the proposed negotiations. Following the victory of [[Ahmad Amantose]]'s faction in 2009, the Makian Conflict continued.<br />
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In 2012, Diadoch Apamoun V of the Continuing Mirite Church died, and was succeeded by his son, [[Beniamin IV Makianos|Beniamin IV]], who continues to support the People's Coalition for Makanian National Sovereignty.<br />
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==Demographics==<br />
[[File:Tigrai_and_Gondar_girls.jpg|150px|thumb|right|A group of Mirites in [[Port Fitzhubert]], 2012]]<br />
Traditionally, the Mirite population have resided across [[Bahia]], and as of 2019, around six to eight million Mirites live across Bahia, with most of the population primarily living in [[Mabifia]]. While the Mabifian region of [[Makania]] was historically the main population centre of the Mirite community in Bahia, as of 2018, only around 3,131,065 people, or between 39-52% of the Bahian Mirite population, reside in Makania.<br />
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Since the start of [[Toubacterie]], many Mirites have emigrated, particularly to [[Euclea]] and to the [[Asterias]]. This has led to the establishment of diasporic Mirite communities numbering around two million people, with the largest concentrations of Mirites living outside Bahia located in [[Satucin]], with 750,632 people, in TBD with TBD people, and in TBD, with TBD people.<br />
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===Genetics===<br />
Mirites traditionally practice {{wp|endogamy}}, with marriage to a non-Mirite being forbidden per the ''[[Krystafer Principles]]'' promulgated by Diadoch [[Krystafer Makianos]]. However, since the nineteenth century, these restrictions have been relaxed, and it is now acceptable in all but the most conservative Mirite communities for Mirite men to marry non-Mirite women, although their children have to be raised as Mirites, and Mirite women cannot marry non-Mirite men in all but the most liberal Mirite communities.<br />
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Despite the endogamy practiced by the Mirite group, and their traditions stating that Mirites originated in [[Anavaen]] in present-day [[Ihram]], {{wp|mitochrondrial DNA}} has shown that virtually all Mirites have an X chromosome in the {{wp|Haplogroup L0 (mtDNA)|L0}} {{wp|haplogroup}}, with most Mirites having a Y chromosme in the {{wp|Haplogroup E-M2|E-M2}} haplogroup, associated with native [[Bahia|Bahian populations]]. Only a small fraction of the Mirite population have a Y chromosome in {{wp|Haplogroup J (Y-DNA)|Haplogroup J}}, which is associated with inhabitants from northwestern [[Coius]] (e.g. northern [[Zorasan]], [[Ihram]], and [[Tsabara]]). This suggests that most of the Mirite population were descended from Bahians who either converted to [[Ezekielanism]] or were enslaved by Mirites.<br />
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===Languages===<br />
[[File:Old_Nubian_manuscript.jpg|150px|thumb|left|A {{wp|Old Nubian language|Classical Machaï}} manuscript from {{circa|707}}]]<br />
The native language of the Mirite people is the {{wp|Nobiin language|Mirite language}} (Ⲙⲓⲣⲓⲏⲧⲏⲛ, ''Miríítín''), which is a descendant of the {{wp|Old Nubian language|Classical Machaï language}}. Traditionally, the Mirite language is used among ethnic Mirites to communicate with others in the Mirite community, while it is used in the [[Mirite Church]] alongside the {{wp|Coptic language|TBD language}}, with linguists speculating that TBD was originally spoken by the first Mirites before they adopted the Mirite language. It is generally written in the {{wp|Old Nubian#Writing|Mirite alphabet}}, which is influenced by the {{wp|Coptic language|TBD alphabet}}, although since colonization, the {{wp|Latin alphabet|Solarian alphabet}} has been used to write the Mirite language, particularly for secular works.<br />
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However, most Mirites are fluent in the local languages of where they reside (e.g. {{wp|Fulani language|Ndjarendie}}, {{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}}, and {{wp|French language|Gaullican}}), in order to communicate with non-Mirites and those who do not speak their language. In certain regions of [[Kylaris|the world]], it has led to concerns about {{wp|language shift}}, particular among those in the [[#Diaspora|Mirite diaspora]], with younger generations tending to abandon Mirite in favour of the local language spoken in their area. To counteract this, the [[Bahian Brethren Church]] and the [[Continuing Mirite Church]] have sought to promote the Mirite language among the diaspora, to varying degrees of success.<br />
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It is estimated that around seventy percent of the total Mirite population can speak the Mirite language to some degree, with the highest levels of proficiency in the Mirite language being reported in the [[Mabifia|Mabifian]] region of [[Makania]], and the lowest levels in TBD.<br />
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===Religion===<br />
[[File:ET-Harar_Ethiopia_(52).JPG|150px|thumb|right|A Mirite church in TBD]]<br />
{{main|Mirite Church|Bahian Brethren Church|Continuing Mirite Church}}<br />
The Mirites follow a form of [[Sotirianity]] related to the [[Brethren Church]], called the [[Mirite Church]]. Like the Brethren Church, they accept the divinity of both [[Jesus Sotiras]] and [[Ezekiel|Ezekiel Khristos]], accept the [[Brethren Church#Seven Pillars|seven pillars]], and believe that they are the one true Sotirian church. However, many of their practices have been influenced by [[Bahian Fetishism|fetishism]], especially in the regions where they have historically inhabited.<br />
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Since 1973, there are two Mirite Churches, with the [[Bahian Brethren Church]] being an autonomous brethren church under the Brethren Church, and the [[Continuing Mirite Church]], which has no connection to the Bahian Brethren Church, with both of them claiming to be ''the'' Mirite Church.<br />
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Unlike most sects of Sotirianity, per the ''[[Krystafer Principles]]'', it is nearly impossible for outsiders to convert to the Mirite faith, with the only exception being those enslaved by Mirites, who would convert to the Mirite Church, or since 1923, children adopted by Mirite parents. In practice, the former option has come to be a loophole for those wishing to join the faith, with the convert, after spending years studying the Mirite way, being "enslaved" for a day, so they would become Mirite.<br />
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==Culture==<br />
===Art===<br />
[[File:NMAfA-S20070081.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Mirite depiction of the {{wp|Virgin Mary}} and {{wp|Jesus Christ|Jesus Sotiras}}]]<br />
The artistic tradition of the Mirite people was traditionally divided into two forms: ecclesiastical art ({{wp|Nobiin language|Mirite}}: ⲉⲓⲟⲡⲉ ⲕⲓⲥⲥⲉⲛⲓⲅⲩ, ''eiope kissenigu'') and popular art (ⲉⲓⲟⲡⲉ ⲁⲇⲉⲙⲣⲓⲏ, ''eiope ààdèmríí'').<br />
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Ecclesiastical art was traditionally associated with the [[Mirite Church]], with {{wp|paintings}}, {{wp|murals}}, {{wp|iluminated manuscripts}}, {{wp|icons}}, and {{wp|crosses}}. Given the high importance of the Mirite Church among ethnic Mirites, ecclesiastical art was traditionally seen as the most important form of artistic expression among the Mirite community. Thus, many scholarly works have been written about Mirite ecclesiastical art.<br />
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Popular art in contrast was associated with {{wp|textiles}}, {{wp|basketry}}, and {{wp|jewelry}}. Unlike ecclesiastical art, popular art was traditionally seen as not being an important form of artistic expression among the Mirite community, to such an extent that until 1974, little work had been done on Mirite popular art, as with the exception of cross necklaces and the robes worn by clergy, it was believed the Mirites had similar forms to those of their Bahian neighbours.<br />
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Since the start of [[Euclea|Euclean]] [[Toubacterie|rule over]] [[Bahia]], both the Mirite ecclesiastical arts and the Mirite popular arts have been influenced by contemporary Euclean styles, to such an extent that nowadays, most Mirite art is done with Euclean styles. In response, both the [[Bahian Brethren Church]] and the [[Continuing Mirite Church]] have sought to promote the traditional Mirite arts.<br />
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===Cuisine===<br />
[[File:Saksang_2.JPG|250px|thumb|right|A bowl of tuygu-díís]]<br />
Due to the historically nomadic nature of the Mirite people, Mirite cuisine was based on their form of {{wp|nomadic pastoralism|pastoralism}}. To this end, most of their cuisine involves {{wp|milk|cow's milk}} and {{wp|beef}}-based products, as Mirites herded {{wp|cattle}}. However, Mirites also practice {{wp|blood as food|consumption of blood}}.<br />
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Mirites traditionally had two meals: {{wp|breakfast}} ({{wp|Nobiin language|Mirite}}: ⲕⲟⲕⲕⲁⲁⲇ, ''kokkáad''), and {{wp|dinner}} ({{wp|Nobiin language|Mirite}}: ⲕⲁⲃⲁⲣ, ''kábar''). Breakfast is traditionally consumed after the morning milking, while dinner is traditionally consumed after the evening milking. However, in more urban centres, breakfast is usually consumed around 7:00 am, and dinner consumed at around 6:00 pm.<br />
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A common {{wp|staple food}} among the Mirite community is a {{wp|beef stew}}, made with beef and fruits (usually {{wp|African mango|mangoes}}), and cooked in water. The beef stew is commonly consumed both at breakfast and dinner, alongside a cup of {{wp|milk}}. Another common staple food is {{wp|Eish merahrah|kabar}}, which is a {{wp|flatbread}} made with ground {{wp|fenugreek}} seeds and {{wp|maize}}, although kabar is traditionally reserved for the clergy, as it is also used in the {{wp|eucharist}} alongside {{wp|blood|cow's blood}}.<br />
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One of the most popular traditional snack foods among Mirites is a {{wp|Blood sausage#Africa|boroso}}, which is a type of blood sausage made from the meat and blood of a cow, as well as spices and fat. The boroso is traditionally consumed as a snack between mealtimes, and to this end is often not consumed with a beverage.<br />
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However, one of the most prominent Mirite foods is tuygu-díís, which is a {{wp|blood soup}} made from the blood of a {{wp|bull}}, the milk of a {{wp|cow}}, and {{wp|minced beef}}. Tuygu-díís is traditionally consumed at celebratory events, such as weddings and holidays, such as {{wp|Nayrouz|Irgemi}}, and is often seen as one of the most important foods among the Mirite community. Tuygu-díís is often consumed with a cup of milk.<br />
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===Festivals===<br />
[[File:Brother-greg-with-the-clergy-meskel.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Irgemi celebration in [[Gatôn]], [[Satucin]], 2007]]<br />
Traditionally, the [[Mirite Church]] used the [[Mirite calendar]], which was a 364-day calendar devised by [[Krystafer Makianos]] and based on the seasonal and agricultural patterns in [[Bahia]]. {{wp|Leap years|Sabbatical years}} are marked every seven years, with an extra week added to the Mirite calendar, except for every fourth sabbatical year (i.e. every twenty-eight years), when two extra weeks are added to the Mirite calendar. These extra "sabbatical days" are placed at the end of the year. A traditional Mirite day is said to start at sunset (e.g. 1 Harmi-áman, 1564 began at the sunset on 9 May, 2020, not at midnight of 10 May, 2020).<br />
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The most important festival is {{wp|Nayrouz|Irgemi}} ({{wp|Nobiin language|Mirite}}: Ⲓⲣⲅⲉⲙⲏ, ''Irgemí''), or the Mirite New Year. Irgemi is celebrated on 1 Harmi-áman, which is the first day of the Mirite year (between the last Sunday of April and the second Sunday of May, depending on the year), which marks the beginning of the {{wp|wet season}} in modern-day [[Rwizikuru]]. On Irgemi, feasts will be held, with traditional Mirite cuisine being consumed on this day. These feasts will involve extended family, and is generally held at the residence of the family patriarch.<br />
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The second most important Mirite holiday is [[Ascension Day]] ({{wp|Nobiin language|Mirite}}: Ⲁⲛⲁⲗⲏⲯⲓⲥ, ''Analípsis''), commemorating the day that [[Ezekiel]] ascended to heaven. Ascension Day in the Mirite calendar takes place on 11 Árki, or on a day falling between the first Friday following the first Sunday, and the third Thursday of April. On Ascension Day, per the [[Brethren Church#Seven pillars|pillar]] of [[Brethren Church#Suloqa|suloqa]], Ascension Day is marked with quiet contemplation, with no work to be done on that day.<br />
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Finally, the third most important Mirite holiday is {{wp|Christmas|Nativity}} ({{wp|Nobiin language|Mirite}}: Ⲩⲛⲛ-ⲓⲏⲥⲩⲥⲓⲁ, ''Unn-iēsusia''), celebrating the birth of {{wp|Jesus Christ|Jesus Sotiras}}, who was the father of [[Ezekiel Sotiras]]. Nativity falls on 5 Síiw (between either the last Wednesday of December or first Wednesday of January, and the third Tuesday of January). On Nativity, feasts will be held, although they would not be as lavish as the feasts on Irgemi, while gifts would be exchanged to friends and strangers.<br />
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Other important Mirite holidays include the {{wp|feast day}} of [[Kartolaos Makianos|Saint Kartolaos]], which falls on 11 Sóo-márti (between the first Tuesday of October and the third Monday of October), {{wp|Easter|Pasha}}, which is a movable holiday based on similar calculations to that used in the {{wp|Julian calendar|TBDian calendar}} (e.g. Pasha falls on 25 Silel-áman, 1563, or 19 April, 2020, but will fall on 8 Harmi-áman, 1565, or 2 May, 2021), and {{wp|Epiphany}}, which falls six days after Nativity (i.e. 11 Síiw), and celebrates the baptism of Jesus Sotiras.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ethnic groups (Kylaris)]][[Category:Bahia]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Rwizikuru&diff=774083Rwizikuru2024-02-29T21:34:40Z<p>Luziyca: removing wip tag pending rework of the Estmerish empire</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region icon Kylaris}}<br />
{{Infobox country<br />
|conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Rwizikuru<br />
|native_name = {{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}}: Humambo hweRwizikuru<br />
|image_map = RwiziOrthProj.png<br />
|map_width = 275px<br />
|map_caption = Land controlled by Rwizikuru (green)<br />
|common_name = Rwizikuru<br />
|image_coat = CoatOfArmsOfRwizikuru.png<br />
|symbol_type = [[Coat of arms of Rwizikuru|Coat of arms]]<br />
|image_flag = RwizikuruFlag.PNG<br />
|national_motto = Unity in Trinity<br />
|national_anthem = [[O Rwizikuru, land of glory]]<br>[[File:MediaPlayer.png|link=http://www.nationalanthems.info/cm.mp3]]<br />
|capital = [[Guta raMambo]]<br />
|largest_city = [[Port Fitzhubert]]<br />
|official_languages = {{wp|English language|Estmerish}}<br>{{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}}<br />
|regional_languages = {{wp|French language|Gaullican}}<br>{{wp|Sotho language|Molisa}}<br />
|ethnic_groups = {{wp|Shona people|Rwizi}} (58%)<br>Other Bahians (40%)<br>Others (2%)<br />
|ethnic_groups_year = 2011<br />
|religion = [[Sotirianity]] (76%)<br>[[Badi]] (16%)<br>[[Irfan]] (7%)<br>Others (1%)<br />
|religion_year = 2011<br />
|demonym = Rwizikuran<br />
|government_type = {{wp|Constitutional monarchy}}<br />
|leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|King]]<br />
|leader_name1 = [[Munashe Ngonidzashe]]<br />
|leader_title2 = [[Premier of Rwizikuru|Premier]]<br />
|leader_name2 = [[Tsuru Mawere]]<br />
|leader_title3 = <br />
|leader_name3 = <br />
|sovereignty_type = Independence<br />
|established_event1 = From [[Estmere]]<br />
|established_date1 = 2 December, 1946<br />
|area_km2 = 560183.143<br />
|area_sq_mi = <br />
|population_census = 38,903,392<br />
|population_census_year = 2011<br />
|population_density_km2 = 69.447595<br />
|GDP_PPP = $76,484,068,672<br />
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $1,966<br />
|GDP_nominal = $41,548,822,656<br />
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,068<br />
|Gini = 57.1<br />
|Gini_year = 2015<br />
|HDI = 0.570<br />
|HDI_year = 2019<br />
|currency = [[Rwizikuran shilling]] (ſ)<br />
|currency_code = RZH<br />
|time_zone = [[Rwizikuran Standard Time|+3:45]]<br />
|time_zone_DST =<br />
|date_format =dd-mm-yyyy<br />
|drives_on =left<br />
|cctld =[[.rz]]<br />
|iso3166code =RZK<br />
|calling_code =+25<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Rwizikuru''' ({{IPA link|/ri:zi’ku:ru:/}}) is a country located in the [[Bahia]] subcontinent of the [[Coius]] continent, bordered by [[Mabifia]] to the west, [[Yemet]] to the north, and [[Garambura]] to the east, and abuts the [[Maccan Sea]] to the south, sharing maritime borders with [[North Kabu|North]] and [[South Kabu]]. Its capital is [[Guta raMambo]], although the largest city and main commercial centre of the country is in [[Port Fitzhubert]].<br />
<br />
Beginning in the twelfth century, the [[Rwizi Empire]] rose in what is now [[Munzwa]], and were often in conflict with the [[Founagé Dominion of Heaven]], and later, the [[Kambou Empire]]. From the seventeenth century onwards, [[Estmere]] began to establish trading posts, with slaves being imported to the [[Estmerish Empire]] from these trading posts, while the Rwizi Empire was destroyed by the Kambou Empire, causing a short-lived rule by the Mabifians before dissolving into a bunch of minor states, such as [[Kingdom of Randaland|Randaland]]. With the end of the slave trade in 1741, Estmere would struggle to find a use for present-day Rwizikuru before transferring control of the area to the [[Saint Geoffrey's Company]] in 1803. Company rule would continue until 1863, when [[Charles Fitzhubert]] re-established direct Estmerish rule over present-day Rwizikuru.<br />
<br />
Estmerish rule continued until the 1940s, surviving the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] and the end of the Estmerish monarchy, when with increasing tensions between the [[Rwizikuran National Movement]] and the colonial authorities, the colonial authorities attempted to establish limited self-governance. After elections in 1945, the RNM negotiated for independence from Estmere, which was granted after the end of the [[Solarian War]] on 2 December, 1946, as the Republic of Rwizikuru. The Republic was dissolved in 1968 by [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]], and replaced with an absolute monarchy which lasted until a [[Constitution of Rwizikuru, 2020|new constitution]] was instituted in early 2020 under international pressure by the current monarch, [[Munashe Ngonidzashe]].<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The name '''Rwizikuru''' derives from the {{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}} word for "great river," ''rwizi rukuru'', which also lends its name to the [[Rwizikuru River]]. The name was first used to describe the country by [[Charles Fitzhubert]] in the 1860s, although it was transcribed as '''Riziland''' due to the difficulties of pronouncing the "rw" sound by Estmerish settlers to Rwizikuru.<br />
<br />
However, the spelling of Rwizikuru that is more widely used today first gained popularity in 1937 by nationalist leaders [[Samhuri Ngonidzashe]] and [[Shungudzemwoyo Nhema]] when they created the [[Rwizikuran National Movement]], choosing the "rw" spelling as it was how the river was named in the Rwizi language. Over the next few years, that spelling gained movement among those opposed to Estmerish rule over Rwizikuru, until by the 1940s, it was formally adopted by the first [[President of Rwizikuru]], Samhuri Ngonidzashe, as opposed to the "colonial name."<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Prehistory===<br />
[[File:Rhodesian_Man.jpg|250px|thumb|left|{{wp|Homo rhodesiensis|Zambuko man}}]]<br />
As one of the regions closest to the [[Boual ka Bifie]], which is generally accepted to be where {{wp|homo sapiens}} first arisen, present-day Rwizikuru was one of the first places outside of present-day [[Yemet]] and [[Mabifia]] to host modern humans, with fossils near present-day [[Zambuko]] dating back between 100,000 and 250,000 years ago, including the {{wp|Homo rhodesiensis|Zambuko man}}.<br />
<br />
By around 80,000 years ago, all of present-day Rwizikuru was inhabited by modern humans, with evidence of stone tools being found across the country. It is believed by anthropologists and archaeologists that the first humans in Rwizikuru were {{wp|hunter-gatherers}}, like all other human species at that time, and organized themselves into {{wp|band society|camp societies}}, with some speculating that the practice of [[foujodel]], or a form of direct democracy, may have its origins in camp societies. Like other humans, the inhabitants of present-day Rwizikuru lived in caves, with evidence of {{wp|cave paintings}} being found in the mountains regions of present-day Rwizikuru.<br />
<br />
Around 10,000 years before present, small-scale {{wp|agriculture}} began to take place, particularly among rivers, and villages began to be established. However, these villages were no larger than 1,000 people, and were largely self-contained entities, exhibiting some aspects of the [[Sâre|village system]], but were generally not seen as being part of a common civilisation like the [[Mavirazuva River culture]].<br />
<br />
===Precolonial rule===<br />
[[File:Great-Zimbabwe.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Ruins of Old [[Munzwa]], 1996]]<br />
{{main|Rwizi Empire}}<br />
The earliest recorded civilisation to rise in present-day Rwizikuru are the [[Mavirazuva River culture]], which first arose around 5,000 years {{wp|before present}} in present-day [[Tawedzegwa]]. The Mavirazuva River culture exhibited some aspects of the [[Sâre|village system]] which would later become prevalent across [[Bahia]], particularly a village-based system, agriculture, and exhibited beliefs which some archaeologists claim was a precursor to [[Bahian fetishism|fetishism]], although this is highly debated among historians. Around 3,500 to 4,000 years ago, the [[Zambuko culture]] arose in present-day [[Zambuko]]. While the Zambuko culture shared some similarities with the Mavirazuva River culture, such as the usage of the village system, and the {{wp|Stone Age}} technology, archaeologists have discovered substantial caches of pottery belonging to the Zambuko culture. Around 3,000 years ago, the Zambuko culture appears to have conquered the Mavirazuva River culture, with artefacts from the Mavirazuva River culture ceasing to appear at that point.<br />
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The {{wp|Bantu people|Oulumes}} begin to migrate into present-day Rwizikuru between 500 and 1000 BCE, conquering swathes of territory controlled by the Zambuko culture. This led to the rise of the Oulume [[Chikuhwa culture]], after the present-day settlement of [[Chikuhwa]], where the first artefacts were found. While the Chikuhwa culture, like the preceding Mavirazuva River and Zambuko cultures, initially used stone age technology, the introduction of {{wp|Bronze Age|copper}} and {{wp|Iron Age|iron smelting}} helped give the Chikuhwa culture an edge. As well, the Chikuhwa culture is distinguished from its predecessors by Oulume-style pottery and weaponry, as well as religious practices which are roughly similar to what would become Bahian fetishism. However, the Chikuhwa culture collapsed around the first century BCE and the third century CE, with archaeologists believing that the Chikuhwa culture collapsed due to conquest by other Oulume groups, who would be the ancestors of the {{wp|Shona people|Rwizi}} people, although Chikuhwa-style artefacts continue to be found as late as the sixth century CE, suggesting that they survived as a class of their own under the ruling class up until that point, when they ended up being assimilated.<br />
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However, by this point in time, the [[Sâre#Decline|village system]] was in decline, particularly as villages expanded into [[Mijini|Mijinis]], enabling the establishment of a [[Dayira|transitional system of relations]]. From around the tenth century CE, the system of [[Hourege|Masimbe]], commonly known as [[Hourege]], spread across present-day Rwizikuru, as it was seen as a way to protect the fetishist regions of Bahia from [[Irfan|Irfanic]] conquest, as had happened under the [[Founagé Dominion of Heaven]], which at its peak controlled parts of present-day Rwizikuru. By 1160 CE, the [[Rwizi Empire]] was established, and quickly emerged as the main [[Djaladjie#Axial Houregery|axial houregery]] in the region, competing against the neighbouring [[Kingdom of Kambou]], particularly over [[Inkiko]], or as it is known in {{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}}, [[Yekumavirira]].<br />
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During the [[Bahian Golden Age]] in the fifteenth century, the capital of the Rwizi Empire, [[Munzwa]] emerged as one of the major centres of learning in the subcontinent, particularly under Emperor [[Chamunorwa of the Rwizi Empire|Chamunorwa]], while the Rwizi Empire exerted control over much of eastern Bahia. However, by the middle of the sixteenth century, despite its role in shaping the [[Lourale ka Maoube|Contestations of the Elders]], it was losing control of its vassals to the Kambou Empire to the west, and the TBD to the north to {{wp|razzia|tetere}}, leading to instability, which led the Rwizi Empire into a vicious cycle, further perpetuated by the conquest of much of the coastal regions by the [[Aguda Empire]], until by 1655, the Kambou Empire conquered Munzwa and ransacked the city.<br />
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With the Kambou Empire shortly after abandoning control over Munzwa as they faced internal problems of their own, and the Aguda Empire's rule receding over the areas it controlled, the area of present-day Rwizikuru embraced the [[Toubacterie#Fatougole|second consolidation]], as the village system once again became the dominant form of governance in the region, with some exceptions like the [[Kingdom of Randaland]], centred in present-day [[Randaland]]. While there were efforts by the villages to recreate the Rwizi Empire, by conquering other villages and enslaving them, these efforts were of limited success, particularly after slavery was abolished by the Euclean powers by the end of the eighteenth century, which greatly impoverished the communities.<br />
<br />
===Company rule===<br />
[[File:Elmina_slave_castle.jpg|250px|thumb|left|[[Fort Graham, Port Graham|Fort Graham]] in [[Port Graham]], 1998]]<br />
In 1638, the [[Estmere]]-based [[Saint Geoffrey's Company]] established a fort in what is now [[Port Graham]], after signing an agreement with the [[Aguda Empire]] to allow the establishment of a fort to facilitate trade: in exchange for supplying slaves, the Estmerish would supply the Rwizi with weapons to help fend off the [[Kambou Empire]].<br />
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Over the next few decades, the presence of the Saint Geoffrey's Company grew, as it sought to trade with native Bahian states in the area. By 1680, the Saint Geoffrey's Company operated as far east as present-day [[Chekumabvazuva]], and as far west as (TBC), which exported slaves to the island of [[Kingsport]], where they were processed and shipped to other Estmerish colonies in the Asterias, as part of the broader [[Transvehemens slave trade|slave trade across the Vehemens]]. <br />
<br />
However, the outbreak of the [[Ten Years' War]] led to the Saint Geoffrey's Company losing ground to the [[Gaullica|Gaullican]]-based [[Saint Bermude's Company]], while the loss of most of Estmere's possessions in the Asterias led to the Saint Geoffrey's Company closing forts. Thus, by 1721, the only fort in present-day Rwizikuru still operated by the Saint Geoffrey's Company was the fort in Port Graham.<br />
<br />
By the 1740s, Estmere began to re-establish itself on the world stage, and abolished the slave trade in its territories in 1741. The ban damaged the Saint Geoffrey's Company as it was reliant on the slave trade, leading to the company neglecting Fort Graham in favour of its more "profitable possessions" in [[Mount Palmerston]] and the [[Kabu|Carolinian Islands]]. However, after Estmere retook the [[Colony of Imagua]] in 1771, the Saint Geofrey's Company began to repatriate Bahio-Asterians who wanted to return to Bahia or those who were liberated from slave ships to the Rwizikuran coast. Over the next seventy-five years, the [[Freemen]] community would develop, especially in the settlements of [[Bencombe, Rwizikuru|Bencombe]], [[Shaw, Rwizikuru|Shaw]], and [[Saint Geoffrey's, Rwizikuru|Saint Geoffrey's]], with Saint Geoffrey's replacing Fort Graham as its centre of Bahian operations in 1803.<br />
<br />
However, fears of Gaullican expansionism, and the growing inability of the Saint Geoffrey's Company to trade in the nineteenth century led to the Estmerish government taking direct control in 1853.<br />
<br />
===Direct rule===<br />
[[File:027-1425-056_Bahnhof_Tengeni_mit_Zügen_der_Sigibahn_und_der_Usambara-Bahn.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Construction of the [[Rusere-Port Fitzhubert railway]], c. 1900]]<br />
In 1863, the authorities in [[Morwall]] revoked the charter of the [[Saint Geoffrey's Company]], and enlisted [[Charles Fitzhubert]] with a task to re-establish a "permanent Estmerish foothold" in [[Bahia]]. Thus, with him and 250 soldiers, by October, he established [[Port Fitzhubert]], and deemed it the colonial capital. Over the next few years, he and his soldiers fought with the natives around Port Fitzhubert and present-day [[Chekumabvazuva]] to recognize the land. By 1865, however, he and his men established a presence in the area, and named the new territory [[Riziland]], after the [[Rwizikuru River]].<br />
<br />
With the conquest of Port Fitzhubert, the Estmerish began to not only invest in infrastructure and education, but also sought to retake the "lost forts." Thus, over the next ten years, Fitzhubert and other Estmerish officials led expeditions to retake the cities of [[Rutendo]], [[Mangwende]], and [[Port Graham]] from the natives, and re-establish Estmerish rule. By 1875, they had control of Riziland's coast east of the [[Muganhu River]], which separated it from the [[Gaullica|Gaullican]] colony of [[Quigomba]].<br />
<br />
However, it became clear to the Estmerish that as it was largely surrounded by Gaullican colonies, they feared that having Gaullica control the plateau would make the colony vulnerable to attack on all three sides. Thus, from 1882-1884, the Estmerish forces expanded into the Plateau, establishing the town of [[Crogan]], and conquering [[Munzwa]], fighting against the [[Verizi Empire]] in the [[Estmero-Verizi War]], at the same time that the [[Sougoulie|Bahian Mutiny]] was taking place in the Gaullican colonies. By 1897, Riziland had reached its current borders, except the lands west of the Muganhu River, which remained under Gaullican rule. In 1899, {{wp|copper}} was discovered near present-day [[Rusere]].<br />
<br />
In the early 20th century, under Governor [[Dugald Harpham]], he invested heavily in developing the colony. A railway network was constructed, with the first line completed in 1902 connecting the copper mines at Rusere to Port Fitzhubert. In addition, he sought to develop a "modern" education system, along Estmerish lines, and to attempt to entice Estmerish farmers to move to the Plateau to establish farms, although the last one did not fare as well, with the 1911 census only registering 34,607 white people, most of whom lived in Port Fitzhubert, though some {{wp|coffee}} plantations existed on the Plateau. However, one of Harpham's most lasting legacies was the establishment of the hill station of [[Donston]].<br />
<br />
When the [[Great Collapse|economic depression]] hit Riziland in 1915, the colonial economy suffered dramatically, as its economy was dominated by exports of copper and coffee. Many mines closed down, while many of the coffee plantations were abandoned by their white owners, which led to substantial unemployment, primarily because many other jobs depended on these sectors. This fueled increasing unrest, which culminated in the [[Port Fitzhubert riots, 1921|riots in Port Fitzhubert]] in 1921.<br />
<br />
By the start of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] in 1927, Riziland found itself surrounded by Gaullican colonies, which placed it in a vulnerable position. While Gaullica made inroads into western Riziland, the conquest of the upper regions of [[Baséland]] (present-day [[Garambura]]) and parts of [[Haute-Gond]] by [[Werania|Weranian]] forces based in [[Silberküste]] (present-day [[Maucha]]) that same year meant Riziland remained under Estmerish control until the colonial government surrendered in 1929 following the fall of [[Morwall]]. <br />
<br />
The following year, a Weranian offensive from Silberküste led to the liberation of eastern Riziland. In 1931, [[Port Fitzhubert]] was liberated, and by 1932, Riziland was fully liberated. Despite some setbacks in 1933, with western Riziland falling to Gaullican forces, by 1934, Riziland was permanently liberated from Gaullican control, with Weranian forces and local military units going so far as to conquer [[Inkiko]] and surrounding regions.<br />
<br />
===Self-government===<br />
[[File:Dar_es_Salaam_in_1930s.JPG|250px|thumb|left|[[Port Fitzhubert]] in the late 1930s]]<br />
Following the conclusion of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], Riziland was now bordered by the Estmerish mandates of [[East Riziland]] and the [[Mabifia|Mandate of Kigomba]] to its east and west, and by the Weranian mandate of [[Obergond]]. However, the Great War took a substantial toll on [[Estmere]], which led Morwall to commit to giving Riziland independence within the Empire within ten years.<br />
<br />
Thus, in 1937, elections for a eighteen-member [[Legislative Council (Riziland)|Legislative Council]] were held, with eight seats assigned to the white population ([[Chennois]] and [[Murungu (Rwizikuru)|varungu]]), and eight seats assigned to the native population (including [[Freemen]] and [[Mirites]], but excluding those residing in the mandates). Two seats were assigned for the mandates but were unable to vote in the Legislative Council. The elections saw the varungu-dominated [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Rwizikuru)|Sotirian Democratic Party]] take five of the eight white seats, while the [[Movement for the Advancement of Bahians in Riziland]] took seven of the eight black seats.<br />
<br />
After coalition formation talks with the Chennois-dominated [[Conservative Party (Riziland)|Conservative]] and the Bahian [[Liberal Party (Riziland)|Liberals]], [[Byron Wigram]] was sworn as the first [[Chief Minister of Riziland]]. During his tenure, Byron Wigram oversaw the construction of infrastructure to connect the mandates with "Riziland proper," and made {{wp|French language|Gaullican}} co-official with {{wp|English language|Estmerish}}. In addition, he instituted the [[New Longwoodshire Settlement Scheme]] to attract Estmerish settlers to {{wp|Tigrinya people|Akortu}}-held lands, to strengthen colonial control over the periphery, which led to the beginning of an [[Akortu insurgency|insurgency]] that continues to this day.<br />
<br />
In 1941, the Conservatives won five seats to the SDP's two, and the [[Garambura|New National Party]]'s one, while the [[Rwizikuran National Movement]] entered the National Assembly for the first time. Following negotiations, Conservative [[Jean-Louis Milhaud]] succeeded him as Chief Minister. Under Milhaud's leadership, he made {{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}} co-official, participated in the [[Solarian War]] with Estmere, and in 1944 introduced {{wp|universal healthcare}}. At the same time, the Conservatives and the Sotirian Democrats began plans to merge, as the Chennois and varungu communities felt that if they kept fighting, "the native would divide us." Thus, in 1944, the two parties merged to form the [[United Party (Riziland)|United Party]].<br />
<br />
In 1945, the United Party won five seats to the National Party's three, while the Movement for the Advancement of Bahians won six seats, and the Rwizikuran National Movement won two. With Milhaud refusing to form a coalition with "the incorrigible racists" in the New National Party, he formed a coalition with [[Zophar Bohannon]] of the Movement for the Advancement of Bahians, who would become the first and only Bahian Chief Minister in Riziland.<br />
<br />
Bohannon focused on preparations for Rizilander independence, with Bohannon vowing to create "a multiracial and sovereign Riziland." To this end, he began drafting a [[Constitution of Rwizikuru, 1946|constitution]], and to ensure that the mandates of Kigomba and East Riziland were attached to the colony. In 1946, with Estmere prepared to give Rwizikuru independence, the constitution was approved, and elections were scheduled to be held on 24 September, which saw the Movement for the Advancement of Bahians win the most seats, and won the Presidency, with Bohannon scheduled to become the first President.<br />
<br />
===Republic===<br />
[[File:William_Tubman_1943.jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[Zophar Bohannon]], 1946]]<br />
On 2 December, 1946, [[Zophar Bohannon]], leader of the [[Movement for the Advancement of Bahians in Riziland]], was inaugurated as the first [[President of Rwizikuru|president]] of an independent Rwizikuru. During his term, he began to institute policies to improve the infrastructure to connect the cities of [[Sainte-Germaine]] (present-day [[Mambiza]]), [[Port Fitzhubert]], [[Port Graham]], and [[Port Musabyimana|Port Vaugeois]] (present-day [[Port Musabyimana]]) by both road and by improving the telegraph and phone lines between those three cities. He sought to maintain a positive relationship with the [[Chennois]], [[Freemen]], [[Mirites|Mirite]] and [[Murungu (Rwizikuru)|varungu]] communities, and maintained close ties with [[Estmere]], with {{wp|English language|Estmerish}}, {{wp|French language|Gaullican}}, and {{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}}. However, from the start of his rule, he faced opposition from the {{wp|Banyarwanda|Barobyi}} population in [[Yekumavirira]], led by [[Ntare Musabyimana]], started opposing Bohannon's policies, and established the [[Yekumavirira Liberation Movement]] to advocate for Yekumaviriran autonomy within Rwizikuru. In 1951, a compromise was achieved, where infant schools in Yekumavirira were allowed to teach in {{wp|Kinyarwanda language|Kirobyi}}.<br />
<br />
In 1954, as Zophar Bohannon reached his term limit under the [[Constitution of Rwizikuru, 1946|Rwizikuran constitution]], he endorsed his Vice-President, [[Alistair Perry]], to succeed him. Despite efforts by Alistair Perry to maintain Bohannon's policies, he was succeeded by [[Vudzijena Nhema]] of the [[Rwizikuran National Movement]] (MRR), who assumed office on 2 December, 1954, as many voters feared that Perry would "restore [[Toubacterie|murungocracy]] over Rwizikuru."<br />
<br />
Unlike his predecessor, Nhema instituted principles of [[Valduvia|Valduvian]] governance, with political parties being abolished in 1955, although he emphasized a "{{wp|African socialism|Bahian approach to socialism}}," and did not take large action against the white and Mirite populations inhabiting the country. As well, he promoted {{wp|Shona people|Rwizi nationalism}}, to an extent that Estmerish and Gaullican was all but dropped from the curriculum, and students focused on learning a Rwizi-centric history. However, his focus to centralize the country only served to embolden the Yekumavirira Liberation Movement, which caused Nhema in 1960 to extend term limits to three terms, as opposed to two. Nhema also instituted socialist economic policies, leading to economic decline, particularly as Nhema nationalised various industries.<br />
<br />
By 1958, government loyalists won all of the seats in the state legislature, and Vudzijena Nhema won 79.7% of the vote in an election judged to be not free. In his second term, he allowed people to be given "vacant land" owned by "expatriate landlords," with the idea of ensuring that "Rwizikuran land would belong to the Rwizi people" in 1960. The same year, Rwizikuru and [[Maucha]] founded the [[United Bahian Republic]]. However, as instability grew in Yekumavirira, Nhema became more authoritarian, with his authoritarianism culminating in the passage of the [[Constitution of Rwizikuru, 1946#Fifth Amendment (February 1961)|fifth amendment]] in 1961, which allowed Nhema to run for a third term.<br />
<br />
After being re-elected in elections widely deemed to be fraudulent in 1962 with 99.8% of the vote, Nhema was [[Rwizikuran coup d'etat, 1963|overthrown the following year]] by the [[Royal Rwizikuran Armed Forces|Rwizikuran Armed Forces]] while attending an [[Association of Emerging Socialist Economies|AESE]] conference. Initially, his vice-president, [[Pierre-Ardachir Niyonzima]] was appointed President, but was himself overthrown the [[Rwizikuran coup d'etat, 1964|following year]] after refusing to leaving the United Bahian Republic. Thus, the military set up the [[National Salvation Council (Rwizikuru)|National Salvation Council]], led by [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]], who suspended the constitution in favour of {{wp|martial law}}.<br />
<br />
Economically, Izibongo Ngonidzashe sought to return to a "more traditional economic system," arguing that socialism, with its roots in Euclea, was fundamentally "at odds" with traditional Rwizi values. Thus, he halted all progress towards socialism, and began to undo the "socialist policies" of the Rwizikuran Republic, as well as purged many socialists. Socially, he cracked down on the Barobyi population, as he viewed them as a threat to the stability of Rwizikuru. This led to protests which culminated in the [[Port Vaugeois massacre]], which killed 22 people, and to a subsequent declaration of an armed struggle by the Yekumavirira Liberation Movement.<br />
<br />
By 1968, there was little opposition left inside the Rwizikuran government, with Izibongo becoming the undisputed ruler of Rwizikuru.<br />
<br />
===Absolute monarchy===<br />
[[File:President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_with_Prime_Minister_Robert_Mugabe_of_Zimbabwe_(cropped).jpg|250px|thumb|left|[[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]], 1983]]<br />
By 1968, [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]] had solidified his position to such an extent that there was little justification for maintaining the [[National Salvation Council (Rwizikuru)|National Salvation Council]]. With no real opposition in Rwizikuru's government, Izibongo Ngonidzashe was able to institute his plans to establish a [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|Rwizikuran monarchy]], justifying it by saying that "the Rwizikuran republic was entirely an [[Euclea|Euclean]] innovation, with no basis in traditional Rwizi society."<br />
<br />
Thus, on 1 June, 1968, in [[Port Fitzhubert]], he was crowned [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|King]] in a traditional Bahian-style ceremony. The [[Basic Law of Rwizikuru]] was established, which replaced the constitution, and officially made Rwizikuru an {{wp|absolute monarchy}}. As he was now the sole authority of the country, Izibongo started to exhibit more authoritarian tendencies, while relations between him and other Bahian states deteriorated.<br />
<br />
Tensions exploded when after rejecting an ultimatum by the Mabifian government, the Mabifian government attacked Yekumavirira on 6 October, 1968. Despite Rwizikuru having a larger army, the tactics of the Mabifian armed forces and the support of Mabifia's invasion by many {{wp|Banyarwanda|Barobyi}} helped give an advantage to the Mabifians. <br />
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After the disastrous [[Battle of Port Vaugeois]] in January 1969, which all but destroyed the [[Royal Rwizikuran Army]], the Mabifian forces took over most of Yekumavirira, and by March, the Rwizikurans were forced to sue for peace in [[Snarksburgh]], [[Caldia]], where the [[Treaty of Snarksburgh]] was signed ending the war, allocating the land on the principle of {{wp|uti possidetis}}, meaning that only a small portion of Yekumavirira remained under Rwizikuran control, with the rest being handed over to Mabifia. At around that same time, taking advantage of the Mabifian-Rwizikuran War, [[Garambura]] declared independence, and after a disastrous defeat in April 1969, Izibongo Ngonidzashe was forced to sue for peace. He would spend the next several years rebuilding the [[Royal Rwizikuran Armed Forces]], before attacking Garambura alongside [[Maucha]] in the [[Nativity War]] in 1974, leading to a nearly two-year long war between Rwizikuru and Garambura, which ended with a [[Community of Nations|CN]]-mandated peace. <br />
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In 1978, the capital was moved from Port Fitzhubert to [[Guta raMambo]], due to its centrality, defensability, and to promote "national unity." The following year, Izibongo Ngonidzashe would formally establish relations with Garambura, and permitted the Rwizikuran Information Service to begin television broadcasts. This was followed by economic liberalisation, leading to a substantial reduction of regulations in 1980.<br />
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However, on 22 December, 1981, Izibongo's brother, [[Muchazvireva Ngonidzashe]] launched an [[Port Fitzhubert putsch, 1981|abortive coup d'etat]]. When the coup failed, Izibongo responded by holding a show trial and executing Muchazvireva, as well as stripping him and his descendants of their place in the line of succession, and began to purge the Royal Rwizikuran Army of officers supportive of Muchazvireva Ngonidzashe.<br />
<br />
This attempted coup d'etat only hastened Izibongo to further intensify his reforms, but it was hindered by the rampant corruption that existed in Rwizikuru. Thus, in 1988, he signed the first agreement with the [[Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs]] to obtain a loan of ten million [[Weranian reichsmarks|reichsmarks]] in exchange for the country undergoing {{wp|structural adjustment}}, and prosecuting all corrupt officials. <br />
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While these policies were initially effective, with three thousand government employees found guilty of corruption and stripped of their offices between 1988 and 1995, by the mid-1990s, these policies have petered out, and by 1999, corruption levels returned to their pre-1988 levels.<br />
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In the 2000s, Izibongo Ngonidzashe signed agreements with many countries to allow their corporations to extract resources from Rwizikuru in exchange for constructing the nation's infrastructure, culminating in Rwizikuru joining the [[Council for Mutual Development]]. While the wealth may have been used to benefit the nation, most of it was taken by the royal family. By the 2010s, the knowledge of Rwizikuru's corruption had again increased, leading to Rwizikuru receiving less and less aid.<br />
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===Contemporary era===<br />
[[File:Emmerson_Mnangagwa_(2019-01-15).jpg|250px|thumb|right|Tsuru Mawere, 2020]]<br />
Due to Izibongo Ngonidzashe's deteriorating health, he named his eldest surviving son, [[Munashe Ngonidzashe]], as regent in June 2016. During Munashe's regency, he began to implement some reforms to tackle Rwizikuru's corruption and to improve the Rwizikuran education system. This would culminate in Munashe authorizing the Rwizikuran government to begin negotiations with the Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs to secure a second loan in late 2018, in order to address the corruption Rwizikuru had been facing. However, as regent, Munashe's powers were somewhat limited, and his primary role was to serve as the representative of his father.<br />
<br />
After his father's death on 21 February, 2019, Munashe Ngonidzashe became King of Rwizikuru, and following his coronation on 1 June, 2019, Munashe Ngonidzashe began to further his reforms: in September of that year, he signed a second agreement with the Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs, which provided him a loan of one hundred million [[euclos]], in exchange for the monarch ceding his government's financial powers to "an elected body." Thus, on 2 August, 2019, he announced plans for a {{wp|constitutional convention}} to establish a {{wp|constitutional monarchy}}. The [[Constitution of Rwizikuru, 2020|new constitution]] took away most of the King's powers and transfered it to an elected [[National Assembly of Rwizikuru|National Assembly]].<br />
<br />
After the new constitution was adopted in January 2020, elections were held for the reconstituted National Assembly in April: shortly after the elections were held, [[Tsuru Mawere]] was elected by the National Assembly as the first [[Premier of Rwizikuru|Premier]] of Rwizikuru. This amde him the first {{wp|head of government}} elected in a free and fair election since 1954, when Vudzijena Nhema was elected as President.<br />
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Under Mawere's premiership, Mawere has increased Rwizikuru's ties with the [[International Forum for Developing States]], and continued Rwizikuru's economic liberalisation that Izibongo and Munashe have followed, allowing firms from the Council for Mutual Development, the [[Euclean Community]], and the International Forum for Developing States to invest in Rwizikuru.<br />
<br />
However, Mawere launched a military intervention into [[Yemet]] in late 2021 following the outbreak of the [[Second Yemeti Civil War]] to fight against the [[Akortu National Salvation Army]]. This was followed by what the Rwizikuran government called a counter-terrorism mission in the [[Northern Territory (Rwizikuru)|Northern Territory]], which has led to significant human rights violations against Akortu in both Rwizikuru and Yemet by the Royal Rwizikuran Armed Forces, as well as renewed conflict in the Northern Territory between the Akortu National Salvation Army and the Rwizikuran military.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[File:RwiziTopoMap.png|200px|thumb|left|Topographic map of Rwizikuru]]<br />
<br />
Rwizikuru is a medium-sized country located in the [[Bahia]] subcontinent, which is in turn part of a larger continent, [[Coius]], and abuts the [[Maccan Sea]], which is part of the [[Vehemens Ocean]]. It shares land borders with [[Mabifia]] to the west, [[Yemet]] to the north, and [[Garambura]] to the east, and maritime borders with both [[North Kabu]] and [[South Kabu]] in the south.<br />
<br />
Rwizikuru is geographically divided into three regions. Most of the population resides in the '''Plains''' region ({{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}}: ''mapani''), which is situated on the coast of Rwizikuru, and is one of the most fertile regions of the country, although it is home to much of Rwizikuru's timber industry. It is one of the hottest and most humid regions in the country, with a {{wp|tropical rainforest climate|equatorial climate}} as a consequence of its elevation and location.<br />
<br />
North of the Plains region lies the '''Plateau''' region ({{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}}: ''mapango''), which is primarily situated west of the [[Rwizikuru River]], and situated between the Plains and the Ambakaran Mountains to its north. While it is not as fertile as the Plains, the Plateau still is substantially productive, allowing it to host commercial farms exporting cash crops. In addition, much of Rwizikuru's {{wp|coltan}} can be found there. It has a {{wp|tropical monsoon climate}}, as while the elevation is higher than that of the plains, it is still located close to the equator.<br />
<br />
Beyond the Plateau are the [[Ambakaran Mountains]], situated west of the Rwizikuru River and north of the Plateau, and the [[Mabvazuva Mountains]], situated east of the Rwizikuru River, and north of the Plains. The mountains are not suited for large-scale agriculture, although some subsistence agriculture occurs there. However, they are home to most of Rwizikuru's {{wp|copper}}, and is also home to the highest point, at 2,997 meters above sea level, [[Mount Rekusununguka]]. The climate of the two mountain chains are {{wp|subtropical highland climate}}, due to their elevation and location.<br />
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==Economy==<br />
[[File:2010_market_Harare_Zimbabwe_5866074969.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A market in [[Port Fitzhubert]], 2010]]<br />
As of 2016, Rwizikuru's economy is heavily based off of the {{wp|mining}} of {{wp|coltan}}, and {{wp|copper}}, which comprises 75% of Rwizikuru's exports, as well as {{wp|timber}}, which makes up another 15% of Rwizikuru's exports. However, these three sectors combined employ less than 30% of Rwizikurans, with around 55% of Rwizikurans working in {{wp|agriculture}}, with almost all of them being {{wp|subsistence farmers}}, although there are some commercial farmers who produce cash crops such as {{wp|coffee}} and {{wp|cacao}}, with coffee and cacao comprising 85% of the country's agricultural exports, or about 9% of the country's total exports. <br />
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Beginning in the 2000s, factories have begun to open, predominantly in the [[Port Fitzhubert]] metropolitan area, as countries, predominantly among more developed members Council for Mutual Development are {{wp|outsourcing}} labour into Rwizikuru. Despite the rise in outsourcing, and expectations that it would help improve the Rwizikuran economy, most of this growth has been concentrated in the Port Fitzhubert metropolitan area, due to existing infrastructure in the country.<br />
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However, there are substantial economic problems in Rwizikuru: as of 2017, {{wp|corruption}} is rife, while {{wp|embezzlement}} has meant that most of the nation's foreign aid does not reach the ordinary citizenry, but rather is squandered by government officials, including the royal family, which has led Rwizikuru to be called a {{wp|kleptocracy}}. In addition, {{wp|poverty}} is high, with 57.5% of the population living below the official poverty line of 23,750[[Rwizikuran shilling|ſ]], or $1.90 per day. In addition, the economy is dominated by [[Mirites|Mirite]] merchants, with 55% of the nation's tax revenues in 2017 being produced by Mirites, despite only making up around 1% of the total population as of the 2011 census.<br />
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==Politics==<br />
Rwizikuru is a {{wp|unitary state|unitary}} {{wp|constitutional monarchy}}, according to the [[Constitution of Rwizikuru, 2020|current constitution]] passed in 2020, which superseded the 1964 [[Basic Law of Rwizikuru|Rwizikuran Basic Law]], which in turn superseded the [[Constitution of Rwizikuru, 1946|republican constitution]] of Rwizikuru that was adopted on its independence from [[Estmere]]. It is ruled by [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|King]] [[Munashe Ngonidzashe]] since [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]]'s death on 21 February 2019, who serves as the {{wp|head of state}}, while the {{wp|head of government}} is the [[Premier of Rwizikuru|Premier]], currently held by [[Tsuru Mawere]], who was elected from the National Assembly on 7 April, 2020.<br />
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From 1949 on, there has been a ban on the establishment of any political parties, with all existing political parties becoming organisations to either support or criticize the government, while between the 1959 general elections to the [[Rwizikuran constitutional assembly elections, 2019|2019 elections]] to select some of the delegates for a {{wp|constitutional assembly}}, there had been no nation-wide elections. Since then, there have been national elections, as well as municipal elections.<br />
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Under the rule of Izibongo Ngonidzashe, civic freedoms and political freedoms were heavily curtailed, with strict {{wp|lèse-majesté}} laws banning the criticism of the royal family, or of any Rwizikuran monarch, as well as restricts the {{wp|freedom of assembly}}, leading to Rwizikuru having some of the worst [[Human rights in Rwizikuru|human rights records]] in the [[Kylaris|world]]. However, economic freedoms have increased substantially under Izibongo's reign, with businesses finding it easier to operate in the country, with very little regulation, due to reforms made in the 1980s to undo the effects of his father's isolationist policies.<br />
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===Legal system===<br />
According to the [[Constitution of Rwizikuru, 2020|current constitution]], Rwizikuru operates under the principles of {{wp|Scots law|Estmerish law}} as was introduced by Estmerish colonizers. From the institution of the [[Basic Law of Rwizikuru|Basic Law]] in 1964 to replace the [[Constitution of Rwizikuru, 1946|old constitution]], until the promulgation of the current constitution, the reigning [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|King]] was allowed to interfere in the judiciary as he so pleased, such as altering sentences, leading to a non-independent judicial system. Since the promulgation of the current constitution, the Rwizikuran judiciary has become more independent from government diktats, although it is still considered imperfect in comparision to most Euclean or Asterian judicial sytems.<br />
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Rwizikuru still maintains the {{wp|death penalty}}, with all offenses punishable by death in the colonial law code of 1946 remaining punishable by {{wp|hanging}}.<br />
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Police forces are largely done by cities, although the [[Royal Rwizikuran Constabulary]] serves as the national police and royal bodyguards. Defence is provided by the [[Royal Rwizikuran Armed Forces]], which as of 2011 has 567,102 soldiers.<br />
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===Administrative divisions===<br />
{{main|Administrative divisions of Rwizikuru}}<br />
Rwizikuru is officially divided into six '''provinces''' ({{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}}: ''mapurovhinzi'', sing. ''purovhinzi'') and one '''district''' (Rwizi: ''dunhu''), since the promulgation of the [[Constitution of Rwizikuru, 2020|Rwizikuran constitution]]. The provinces are run by a governor (Rwizi: ''mubati'') who is appointed by the [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|reigning monarch]] and serves at {{wp|His Majesty's pleasure}}. The newest district is [[Gutaguru]], established in 1978.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Map !! Province !! Capital !! Population (2011)<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=7| {{Rwizikuru labelled map}} || [[Gutaguru]] || [[Guta raMambo]] || 294,667<br />
|-<br />
| [[Manathea]] || [[Rutendo]] || 17,303,477<br />
|-<br />
| [[Midlands Province (Rwizikuru)|Midlands]] || [[Munzwa]] || 5,804,843<br />
|-<br />
| [[North Balisaland]] || [[Mohubedu]] || 2,054,260<br />
|-<br />
| [[Northern Territory (Rwizikuru)|Northern Territory]] || [[Zambuko]] || 2,373,235<br />
|-<br />
| [[Randaland]] || [[Ichambu]] || 3,950,239<br />
|-<br />
| [[South Balisaland]] || [[Chekumabvazuva]] || 7,122,671<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
{{Historical populations<br />
|type = <br />
|footnote = Source: Estmerish colonial census (1921-1941)<br>Rwizikuru census (1951-2011)<br />
|1921 | 5732028<br />
|1931 | 5982493<br />
|1941 | 9251671<br />
|1951 | 12355540<br />
|1961 | 16120793<br />
|1971 | 11753115<br />
|1981 | 13796304<br />
|1991 | 18586775<br />
|2001 | 27791733<br />
|2011 | 38903392<br />
}}<br />
===Ethnicity===<br />
[[File:AFRO_BREEZE_MBIRA_AND_HOSHO_POSE.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Two Rwizi musicians, 2015]]<br />
As of the 2011 census, Rwizikuru has 38.9 million inhabitants living within its borders. The overwhelming majority of the population, at 58% of the population (22,563,967 people), are {{wp|Shona people|Rwizi}}. The largest ethnic minority in Rwizikuru are the {{wp|Sotho people|Balisa}}, comprising 20% of the population (7,780,678 people), with the next largest {{wp|Bantu people|Oulume}} minorities being the {{wp|Bemba people|Makomo}}, comprising 10% of the population (3,890,339 people), and the [[Randa people|Randa]], comprising 5% of the population (1,945,170 people), with all other Bahians comprising 5% of the population, or 1,945,170 people, mostly smaller minorities from neighbouring Bahian states, such as the {{wp|Tigrinya people|Akortu}}, but also [[Freemen]], or descendants of free [[Bahio-Asterians|Bahio-Asterian]] slaves and those captured on illegal slave ships by the [[Estmere|Estmerish]].<br />
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Among other ethnicities present in Rwizikuru, one percent of the population, or 389,035 people are [[Mirites]], with the remaining one percent, or 389,033 people being predominantly expatriates from countries such as [[Estmere]], or [[Senria]], or part of the [[Murungu (Rwizikuru)|Murungu]], referring to white citizens of Rwizikuru, although there are a handful of smaller non-Bahian communities present in Rwizikuru as well.<br />
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===Religion===<br />
As of the 2011 census, around 76% of the population, or 29,566,578 people are [[Sotirianity|Sotirians]]. The largest sects are the [[United Amended Church]] comprising around 31% of the total population, or 12,060,052 people, the [[Reformed and Amended Church of Sotirias]], who comprise 21% of the population, or 8,169,712 people, and the [[Solarian Catholic Church|Catholics]], which comprise roughly 18% of the total population, or 7,002,611 people. Other [[Amendism|Amendist]] sects comprise 5% of the total population, or 1,941,496 people.<br />
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The remainder of the Sotirian population, at around 392,707 people, or around two percent of the total population adhere to different sects, with the most prominent of these being the [[Mirite Church]], which is related to the [[Brethren Church]].<br />
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The second largest religion after Sotirianity is [[Badi]], practiced by around 16% of the population, or around 6,224,543 people. The third largest religion in Rwizikuru is [[Irfan]], practiced by 7% of the population, or 2,723,237 people. Finally, the remainder of the population, or 389,034 people follow other religions, mostly [[Bahian Fetishism|traditional Bahian religions]], or are irreligious.<br />
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However, {{wp|syncretism}} is widespread, with anthropologists claiming that at least half of the total population practices some form of indigenous beliefs in addition to their adopted religion.<br />
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===Languages===<br />
The two official languages are the {{wp|Shona language|Rwizi language}} (''Mutauro weRwizi''), and {{wp|English language|Estmerish}}. To this day, government services are only regularly provided in Rwizi, though in recent decades, services directed at tourists are using {{wp|French language|Gaullican}}, and with the adoption of the [[Constitution of Rwizikuru, 2020|current constitution]], Gaullican, and Molisa are recognized as {{wp|minority languages}}.<br />
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As of the 2011 census, 99% of the population "have some level of understanding" of the Rwizi language, with 67% of the population being "natively fluent" in Rwizi. 85% of the population have some level of understanding of the Estmerish language, although only twenty percent are "natively fluent" in Estmerish, which is also defined as including [[Estuary Creole]].<br />
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Besides Rwizi and Estmerish, other major languages being spoken include the {{wp|French language|Gaullican language}}, with 60% of people having some level of understanding, and 35% being natively fluent in it, and the {{wp|Sotho language|Molisa language}}, with around a fifth of the total population having some level of understanding of Molisa, although most speakers are ethnic Balisa who speak it as a native language.<br />
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===Largest cities===<br />
{{Largest cities of Rwizikuru}}<br />
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As of the 2011 census, the largest metropolitan area of Rwizikuru is the [[Port Fitzhubert]] metropolitan area, with 11,009,660 people, or 28.3% of the nation's population, spread over the provinces of [[Manathea]] and [[South Balisaland]]. The next largest metropolitan area is the [[Port Graham]] metropolitan area, inhabited by 1,244,909 people, or 3.2% of the nation's population, located entirely within the province of Manathea.<br />
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The total number of people living in urban areas in Rwizikuru is around 18,401,304 people, or 47.3% of the nation's population, with the remainder residing in urban areas. This was an increase from 2001, when only 7,753,894 people, or 27.9% of the nation's population, lived in urban areas.<br />
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==Infrastructure==<br />
===Transportation===<br />
[[File:Pugu_Road,_Dar_es_Salaam.jpg|250px|thumb|left|The Mugwagwa near [[Port Graham]]]]<br />
Rwizikuru's road network was largely developed in the 1950s and early 1960s, with the only {{wp|motorway}}, known as the Mugwagwa, starting at the border with [[Garambura]], and connecting the coastal cities of [[Port Fitzhubert]] and [[Port Graham]], and then continuing to the border with [[Mabifia]]. Rwizikuru has driven on the left since 1956 when it was switched on the orders of [[Vudzijena Nhema]] as a means to distance the country from [[Estmere|Estmerish rule]]. However, since then, the development of road infrastructure has stagnated. As of 2015, only 30% of the country's roads are paved.<br />
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A major form of transportation in Rwizikuru is water transportation, with a lot of boats traversing the [[Rwizikuru River]], as many cities, such as [[Rusere]], [[Zambuko]], [[Mohubedu]], [[Guta raMambo]], [[Munzwa]], [[Chekumabvazuva]], and Port Fitzhubert lie along the river. It is believed that 60% of freight transport, and 40% passenger transport between any of those cities involve the Rwizikuru River. As well, the two principal commercial harbours are the [[Port of Port Fitzhubert]], situated in Port Fitzhubert, and the newly-opened [[Port of Fangsu]], situated in the city of [[Fangsu]].<br />
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The national rail network, run by [[Rwizikuru Rail]], has three lines: one connecting Mohubedu to Chekumabvazuva, one connecting Port Fitzhubert to Rusere, and one connecting the town of [[Tchinamano]] along the Mabifian-Rwizikuran border to the town of [[Maghedi]] on the [[Garambura|Garamburan]]-Rwizikuran border.<br />
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The sole international airport of Rwizikuru is [[Zophar Bohannon International Airport]] near [[Port Fitzhubert]], although regional airports exist to serve internal flights. The only domestic airline operating and based in Rwizikuru is [[Ndege Airlines]], which has a monopoly on all domestic flights in Rwizikuru.<br />
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===Healthcare===<br />
Healthcare in Rwizikuru has been a form of {{wp|universal healthcare}} since the passage of the ''[[Healthcare Act of 1944]]'' by the colonial government. While the [[Constitution of Rwizikuru, 1946|republican constitution]] never guaranteed universal healthcare, the [[Basic Law of Rwizikuru]] guaranteed free healthcare for all in Rwizikuru.<br />
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However, due to decades of corruption and kleptocracy, the public healthcare system has fallen into disarray, which has forced many to either spend a lot of money to acquire high-quality healthcare, or else suffer from easily treatable diseases. While in recent years, foreign aid has helped alleviate the situation, with new clinics opening up, especially in the cities, many of them are operated and run by for-profit companies, which has hindered the ability of poor people to get treated.<br />
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As of 2011, the life expectancy in Rwizikuru was 55.5 years, with a life expectancy of 64.1 years for men, and 46.9 years for women, attributed to the high rate of {{wp|maternal mortality}} among rural and poor women. Rwizikuru has one of the highest prevalences of {{wp|HIV/AIDS}} in [[Kylaris]], with 11.9% of the population between 15 and 49 having HIV/AIDS in 2020, which is a decline from 1997, when it peaked at 24.7% of those between 15 and 49.<br />
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===Education===<br />
{{main|Education in Rwizikuru}}<br />
Education in Rwizikuru is structurally based off the education system in [[Estmere]] as it existed at independence. Education is compulsory for students ages 5 to 14, with children ages 5 to 8 attending {{wp|infant schools}}, and children ages 8 to 12 attending {{wp|junior schools}}. At the age of 11, students take the {{wp|eleven-plus}} exam, with the top 25% of students in academic ability going to {{wp|grammar school}}, which provides education up to the age of 19, with fifth and {{wp|sixth form|sixth forms}}, while those who have passed go to {{wp|secondary modern schools}}, which only offer first through fourth forms. Those that fail will have to repeat the year until they pass.<br />
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If one finishes {{wp|sixth form}}, students have the option of studying at a {{wp|polytechnic}}, or at the [[University of Rwizikuru]]. However, many Rwizikuran graduates study abroad, primarily in TBD due to their low costs and higher quality than in Rwizikuru universities and polytechnics.<br />
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As of the 2011 census, the {{wp|literacy}} rate of persons over the age of five is at 70.2%, making Rwizikuru a country with one of the highest rates of illiteracy in [[Kylaris|the world]], while functional illiteracy among women is believed to be substantially higher than that of males.<br />
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The most significant problem with education in Rwizikuru include {{wp|corruption}} on both national, provincial, and district levels hampering educational development, which has greatly affected the quality of both infrastructure, and of education in general.<br />
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==Culture==<br />
===Arts===<br />
[[File:PC_-_7300_-_0014,_Matemere_Bernard,_Eagle,_1973.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A 1973 eagle sculpture by [[Njive Mkwananzi]], 2007]]<br />
<br />
Rwizikuru has had a significant artistic tradition for centuries before colonization, with {{wp|pottery}}, {{wp|basket weaving}}, carvings, and jewellery, with the {{wp|Shona people|Rwizi}} being renowned for their sculptures, even though since the 19th century, [[Estmere|Estmerish]] influences and techniques have been adopted by the Rwizi. The most well-known sculptors from the country since the 20th century include [[Njive Mkwananzi]], [[Kudiwanashe Dangarembga]], and [[Tanunurwa Sibanda]].<br />
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During colonial rule, Estmerish-style art became more common, with [[Peter Credge]] opening an art school in 1876 in [[Port Fitzhubert]] to teach the Rwizi "civilized art." This led to a generation of painters, usually painting in a {{wp|romanticism|romanticist}} style, with prominent painters from Rwizikuru including [[Hosho Tungamirai]], [[Alexander Muzenda]], and [[Manyara Mahachi]].<br />
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In addition, literature became widespread under colonial rule as the {{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}} was until the 1870s not a written language. While initially, most authors were white settlers, such as [[Roe Lyness]], and [[Evalyn Vear]], from around 1900 onward, the Rwizi began to write, with the most successful Rwizi authors being [[Anesuishe Moffat]], [[Nokutendaishe Mnkandla]], [[Tinavo Mumbengegwi]], and [[Tafadzwa Mubako]].<br />
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Film has also become incredibly popular, especially after the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] ended in 1936, with the first Rwizikuran filmmaker, [[Irikidzayi Hatendi]] producing the first Rwizi-language film in 1941, ''[[Rwendo]]'' (The Journey). Following independence, the film industry blossomed in the 1950s, with several studios based in Port Fitzhubert and [[Port Musabyimana|Port Vaugeois]] (present-day [[Port Musabyimana]]), but by 1965, this era ended with the nationalizing of the state film industry under the [[Royal Rwizikuran Film Studio]], which is most notable for the 1989 film and victor of the [[Montecara Film Festival]], ''[[Dzokera kumba]]'' (Separation). Since the 1990s, with decreasing regulation, other film studios have established, most notably {{wp|Wakaliwood|Samkange Film Productions}}, which is known for ''{{wp|Who Killed Captain Alex?|Ndiani Akauraya General Ncube?}}'' (Who Killed General Ncube?), and [[KudaProgress Studios]], who is known for ''[[Such Beautiful Estmerish Rain]]'' and ''[[Munzira]]''.<br />
<br />
Famous actors from Rwizikuru include [[Edzai Mujuru]], [[Masamba Marachera]], [[Baba Asante]], [[Sadzamari Malianga]], and [[Gondayi Nengomasha]].<br />
<br />
===Cuisine===<br />
[[File:Goat_Offal.JPG|250px|thumb|left|Sadza with callaloo and goat meat]]<br />
Rwizikuran cuisine is greatly influenced by traditional {{wp|Shona people|Rwizi}} cuisine, by cuisines from other ethnicities present in Rwizikuru, and by [[Estmere#Cuisine|Estmerish cuisine]].<br />
<br />
The most prominent Rwizi food consumed in Rwizikuru, and often seen as the national dish of the country is {{wp|sadza}}, made with finely-ground {{wp|corn|maize}} or {{wp|finger millet}}, and often consumed with a side, traditionally of either ''nyama yakagochwa'', traditionally made with either {{wp|beef}} or {{wp|goat meat}}, {{wp|fish}}, {{wp|chomolia}}, {{wp|yams}}, or {{wp|rice}}. Other prominent Rwizi foods include {{wp|porridge|bota}}, which is often flavoured with {{wp|peanut butter}}; {{wp|rice}}, and {{wp|tuna}}.<br />
<br />
From the Balisa, {{wp|oxtail stew|sechu}} have become the most popular Balisa food consumed in the country, while {{wp|beetroot}}, a common side dish to many Balisa foods has become a popular side dish in Rwizikuran cuisine. Among other ethnicities present in Rwizikuru, {{wp|ugali|ubwali}}, a food related to sadza but exclusively made with millet and consumed with {{wp|stew|umunani}} is consumed by the {{wp|Bemba people|Makomo}}, while in the far north, {{wp|chowder|tsebhi}} is traditionally consumed by the {{wp|Tigrinya people|Akortu}} with a sourdough flatbread, known as {{wp|injera|taita}}.<br />
<br />
Due to centuries of [[Estmere|Estmerish]] influence and rule over Rwizikuru, Estmerish cuisine has become prevalent in Rwizikuru. The {{wp|Sundary roast|roast dinner}} has become a prominent part of Rwizikuran cuisine, particularly among the upper classes of Rwizikuran society, while {{wp|fish and chips}} have become a very popular dish among a wider cross-section of Rwizikurans, particularly those living along the coast and along the major rivers, due to the cost of transportation inland. In addition, the practice of {{wp|Tea (meal)#Afternoon tea|afternoon tea}} is common across the country, particularly among upper and middle classes, [[Murungu|varungu]], and [[Freemen]]. Furthermore, {{wp|callaloo}} and {{wp|Pelau|pelo}} were brought over by Freemen from [[Imagua and the Assimas]] and other Estmerish colonies in the [[Asterias]].<br />
<br />
===Sports===<br />
[[File:African_girls_playing_competitive_netball.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Netball court in [[Crogan]], 2019]]<br />
Rwizikuru's most popular and de-facto national sport is {{wp|rugby union|rugby}}, with the national rugby team being the [[Rwizikuru national rugby team|Rwizikuran Lions]]. The main rugby league is the [[Rugby Association of Rwizikuru]], comprised of eleven clubs, with the dominant clubs being the [[Southsiders]] and the [[Port Fitzhubert Lions]], both based in [[Port Fitzhubert]], and the [[Munzwa Elephants]] in [[Munzwa]].<br />
<br />
The second most popular sport in Rwizikuru is {{wp|association football|football}}, with the national football team being called the [[Rwizikuran national football team|MaVarvi]], and with the main league being the [[Rwizikuru Football League]], comprised of nine clubs, with the dominant clubs being [[FC Port Fitzhubert]] and [[FC Munzwa]].<br />
<br />
The third most popular sport is {{wp|track and field}}, particularly {{wp|sprinting}} events, which is the most popular individual sport in the country. Historically, Rwizikuru has tended to do well in sprinting, with most of the country's medals in the [[Invictus Games]] coming from sprinting events, and efforts have been made by the Rwizikuran government, particularly since the late 2000s, to improve [[Rwizikuru at the Invictus Games|Rwizikuru's performance]] at the Invictus Games, particularly the sprinting events.<br />
<br />
Other major sports in Rwizikuru include {{wp|netball}}, primarily played by women, and {{wp|field hockey}}, which although historically popular, has declined in popularity since the 1970s, with the [[Rwizikuran Hockey Association]], historically the premier field hockey league in Rwizikuru, holding its final competition in 2008.<br />
<br />
===Media===<br />
Media in Rwizikuru had been tightly restricted since the passage of the [[Basic Law of Rwizikuru|Rwizikuran Basic Law]] in 1964, until reforms were made by [[Munashe Ngonidzashe]] in September 2019. Only a single state-run newspaper, ''[[The Rwizikuran]]'' (formerly the ''[[The Rwizikuran|Port Fitzhubert Herald]]'' until 1950) had been allowed to publish in the country since 1970, until Munashe Ngonidzashe lifted restrictions on domestic newspapers operating in the country. As well, there is a single state-owned television and radio network, [[Rwizikuran Information Service]], which began radio transmissions in 1948, and television broadcasts in 1981. Until 2019, it was illegal for private entities to operate radio stations, although the law had been poorly enforced since the 1990s. In 2019, Munashe Ngonidzashe announced plans to legalize private radio stations by licensing those already on the air, and ensuring that their signals will be protected.<br />
<br />
There is little censorship or restrictions on the internet, primarily due to the fact that as of 2015, less than 15% of the population have access to the internet, while 35% have a television set, and 87% of households have at least one radio. This has led opponents of the government to operate with impunity online.<br />
<br />
===Holidays===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Name !! Shona name !! Date<br />
|-<br />
| New Year's Day || Goredzva || 1 January<br />
|-<br />
| Remembrance Day || Yekurangarira Zuva || 12 February<br />
|-<br />
| Accession Day || Zuva Rekubvuma || 21 February<br />
|-<br />
| Good Friday || Chishanu Chakanaka || ''variable''<br />
|-<br />
| Paschal Saturday || Pasha Mugovera || ''variable''<br />
|-<br />
| Paschal Sunday || Pasha Svondo || ''variable''<br />
|-<br />
| Paschal Monday || Pahsa Muvhuro || ''variable''<br />
|-<br />
| Senior's Day || Zuva revakuru || 1 June<br />
|-<br />
| Labour Day || Zuva Revashandi || 1 May<br />
|-<br />
| Independence Day || Zuva Resununguko || 2 December<br />
|-<br />
| Nativity Eve || Manheru reKuberekwa || 24 December<br />
|-<br />
| Nativity Day || Zuva reKuberekwa || 25 December<br />
|-<br />
| New Year's Eve || Egore Idzva || 31 December<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{{Countries in Kylaris}}<br />
[[Category:Rwizikuru]][[Category:Kylaris]][[Category:Bahia]][[Category:Countries (Kylaris)]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Imagua_and_the_Assimas&diff=774082Imagua and the Assimas2024-02-29T21:33:19Z<p>Luziyca: not really sure why I kept the WIP tag when I'm not really going to need it</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region icon Kylaris}}<br />
{{Infobox country<br />
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Imagua and the Assimas<br />
|native_name = {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: Repubblica di Imagua e Assime<br>[[Western Imaguan Creole]]: Lepublika Imakua o Asimai<br />
|short_name = Imagua<br />
|image_map = ImaguaOrthProj.png<br />
|map_width = 275px<br />
|map_caption = Imagua and the Assimas (green) in the [[Arucian Cooperation Organization]] (light green)<br />
|common_name = Imagua<br />
|image_coat = ImaguaEmblem.png<br />
|symbol_type = [[Coat of arms of Imagua and the Assimas|Coat of arms]]<br />
|image_flag = ImaguaFlag.png<br />
|flag_type = [[Flag of Imagua and the Assimas|Flag]]<br />
|national_motto = {{wp|Isaiah 40|Nothing before Him}}<br />
|national_anthem = [[Land of blue seas, land of green hills]]<br>[[File:MediaPlayer.png|link=http://www.nationalanthems.info/lc.mp3]]<br />
|capital = [[Cuanstad]]<br />
|largest_city = [[Cuanstad]]<br />
|official_languages = {{wp|English language|Estmerish}}, {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}<br />
|regional_languages = [[Western Imaguan Creole]]<br />
|ethnic_groups = [[Bahio-Imaguans]] (80%)<br>[[Coian-Imaguans]] (8%)<br>[[Eucleo-Imaguans]] (7%)<br>Others (5%)<br />
|ethnic_groups_year = 2021<br />
|religion = {{wp|Christianity|Sotirianity}} (92%)<br>Others (8%)<br />
|religion_year = 2021<br />
|demonym = Imaguan<br />
|government_type = {{wp|Parliamentary republic}}<br />
|leader_title1 = [[President of Imagua and the Assimas|President]]<br />
|leader_name1 = [[Edmondo Privitera]]<br />
|leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Imagua and the Assimas|Prime Minister]]<br />
|leader_name2 = [[Douglas Egnell]]<br />
|leader_title3 = <br />
|leader_name3 = <br />
|sovereignty_type = Independence<br />
|established_event1 = From [[Estmere]]<br />
|established_date1 = 23 April, 1948<br />
|area_km2 = 17278.28<br />
|area_sq_mi = <br />
|population_census = 1,344,679<br />
|population_census_year = 2021<br />
|population_density_km2 = 77.6789758<br />
|GDP_PPP = $44,423,783,010<br />
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $34,002<br />
|GDP_nominal = $22,211,891,505<br />
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $17,001<br />
|Gini = 41.9<br />
|Gini_year = 2015<br />
|HDI = 0.812<br />
|HDI_year = 2020<br />
|currency = [[Arucian shilling]] (ſ)<br />
|currency_code = ARS<br />
|time_zone = [[Imaguan Standard Time|+11]]<br />
|time_zone_DST =<br />
|date_format =dd-mm-yyyy<br />
|drives_on =right<br />
|cctld =[[.ia]]<br />
|iso3166code =IMA<br />
|calling_code =[[Asterian Numbering Plan|+5]]<br />
|statsdisplay =yes<br />
}}<br />
'''Imagua and the Assimas''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Imagua e Assime''), commonly referred to as '''Imagua''', is a sovereign state, located between [[Asteria Superior]] and [[Asteria Inferior]] on the [[West Arucian Sea]], and situated on the [[Imagua (island)|island of Imagua]] and the [[Assimas Islands]]. It shares maritime borders with [[Eldmark]] to the west, [[Bonaventure]] to the north, [[Aucuria]] to the east, and [[Carucere]] to the south.<br />
<br />
Inhabited by [[Native Imaguan people|Native Imaguans]] and other {{wp|Indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous peoples of the Asterias}}, Imagua and the Assimas were first discovered by [[Assim Asteris]] in the 1490s, and was settled by [[Caldia|Caldians]] in 1533. However, in 1562, [[Blostland|Blostlander]] colonizers took the islands from Caldia, and set up their own [[Colony of Imagua (1562-1658)|colony]], which lasted until 1658, although Blostlander rule continued over the [[Assimas Islands|Assimas]] until 1765 when the Assimas went under [[Eldmark|Eldmarsk]] rule.<br />
<br />
Over the coming centuries, control of the islands bounced back and forth between the various [[Euclea|Euclean]] powers, including a brief occupation by [[Gaullica]], until by the nineteenth century, it came under the control of [[Etruria]], which controlled the [[Assimas Islands]], and [[Estmere]], which controlled the island of [[Imagua (island)|Imagua]] as the [[Colony of Imagua]]. The Estmerish colony was granted limited self-government by Estmere in 1892, and full self-government in 1937, while the Etrurian colony attempted to Etrurianize the islands.<br />
<br />
After the [[Solarian War]] ended in 1946, Estmere annexed the Assimas Islands from Etruria, and attached the islands to Imagua, while Imagua joined the [[United Provinces (Kylaris)|United Provinces]] with [[Sainte-Chloé]] the previous year, only for Imagua to leave due to linguistic, cultura, and political tensions in 1948, becoming a fully sovereign state.<br />
<br />
Today, the islands is a {{wp|service economy}}, based off of the {{wp|financial sector}} and {{wp|tourism|tourist sector}}, with {{wp|manufacturing}} and {{wp|agriculture}} no longer playing a huge role in the national economy.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The name '''Imagua''' derives from the {{wp|Taino language|Nati}} phrase for ''little middle place'', which is generally interpreted to refer to the island of [[Imagua (island)|Imagua]], as it is relatively small compared to [[Sainte-Chloé]], which was situated in the middle of the [[West Arucian Sea]] between [[Asteria Superior]] and [[Asteria Inferior]]. However, it is unclear whether Imagua was used for just the island of Imagua, or if it also referred to Imagua and the Assimas, or even the entire [[Golden Islands]] excluding Sainte-Chloé.<br />
<br />
The name of the '''Assimas''' refers to the [[Assimas Islands]], which were named after [[Assim Asteris]], who first discovered the two Asterian continents. The reason for this name was that the [[Caldia|Caldish]] held the islands for a brief period of time from 1533 until 1562, when the Caldish lost the islands to the [[Blostland|Blostlanders]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Pre-Euclean contact===<br />
[[File:KITLV_-_47D32_-_Voorduin,_Gerard_Werner_Catharinus_(1830-1910)_-_Heemskerck_van_Beest,_Jhr_Jacob_Eduard_van_-_An_Arowakka_Indian_camp_-_Colour_lithography_-_1860-1862.tif|250px|thumb|right|Depiction of a native village, {{circa|1861}}]]<br />
Humans first settled Imagua and the Assimas around 7,000 years ago, with fossils and stone tools being discovered in [[Rutigliano]] that date back to this time. By around 6,000 years ago, humans have reached every part of the Imaguan archipelago, with most of the Imaguan archipelago being inhabited by humans from this point on.<br />
<br />
The earliest indigenous peoples known to have inhabited the Imaguan archipelago were the {{wp|Taino people|Nati people}}, who were believed to have arrived on the Imaguan archipelago around 200 BCE. They would be followed by the [[Marai peoples|Marai]] who would establish several urban settlements from around the 200s CE onward, including one at the site of present-day [[Nua Taois]]. The two sides co-existed, trading with the other and using their position in the middle of the [[West Arucian Sea]] to sell goods to other indigenous peoples surrounding the region, with goods coming from as far as the [[Tzapotlan Empire]] in present-day [[Ardesia]] and [[Vinalia]].<br />
<br />
In the 700s CE, [[Native Imaguan people|Native Imaguan people]] arrived from [[Asteria Inferior]], and displaced the Nati people from the Imaguan archipelago. In addition, with the [[Marai peoples#Classic period (c. 100 AD - 800 AD)|end of the classic period]], many Marai settlements on Imagua would be abandoned or otherwise conquered due to lack of support from other Marai cities. However, due to the geographic position of the archipelago, Native Imaguans would engage in trade, with {{wp|potatoes}} and other food crops being traded for gold which they fashioned into jewellery. In addition, the {{wp|Taino language|Nati language}} was used by Native Imaguans as a {{wp|lingua franca}} to help facilitate trade with other Arucian societies, even as they spoke the {{wp|Island Carib language|Imaguan language}} as their first language.<br />
<br />
By the time of colonisation, Native Imaguans were divided into village-based societies, with each chief only ruling over an individual village, with villages generally cooperating with one another: while there has been evidence of wars between villages, mostly due to territorial disputes, they tended to be small-scale affairs decided by a single battle, as opposed to large-scale wars common in [[Euclea]] and much of [[Coius]].<br />
<br />
===Early colonial efforts===<br />
[[File:Bierstadt_Albert_The_Landing_of_Columbus.jpg|250px|thumb|left|''[[Landing of the Caldians]]'' by [[Barney Lawsons]], 1893]]<br />
After discovery of the area by [[Assim Asteris]] in the 1490s, [[Caldia]] made the first efforts to establish a colonial presence in what is now Imagua and the Assimas in 1533, when they established a settlement in present-day [[Cuanstad]]. Over the next few years, the Caldians began to explore the islands, establishing [[Altaithe]] in 1534, and [[Nua Taois]] by 1535 on the island of [[Imagua (island)|Imagua]], and establishing present-day [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|San Pietro]] on the [[Assimas Islands]] in 1536.<br />
<br />
However, Caldian settlement was greatly hampered by the small population of Caldia compared to other Euclean colonial powers, and the fact that they were also invested in other colonies such as [[Lorcania]]. This meant that the population was small, with the estimated Caldian population on the islands in 1550 being around 500 people according to Governor (TBC).<br />
<br />
In 1562, when [[Blostland]] took over [[Eldmark]], the decision was made by the Caldian administration to abandon the islands and give them to Blostland, as they were unable to effectively defend the islands. The Blostlanders subsequently attached the area to Eldmark, and it was governed from [[Hammarvik]]. During this time, while there was some activity on the islands, especially with the establishment of farms and settlements, the islands were generally marginal. Most development was mostly operated by rich plantation owners, who established {{wp|sugar production}} as they cultivated {{wp|sugarcane}}, as well as started {{wp|nutmeg}} production.<br />
<br />
While the economy started taking off in the early seventeenth century, the population remained sparse, especially as most of the {{wp|Arawak peoples|native Arucians}} died of diseases that they had no exposure to: by 1650, the population of the islands was estimated at only around ten thousand people.<br />
<br />
===Division of the islands===<br />
[[File:LindsayCambridge.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Painting of the [[Battle of Cuanstad (1658)|Battle of Cuanstad]] by [[Abraham Barnet]] {{circa|1775}}]]<br />
In 1658, [[Estmere|Estmerish]] captain [[Thomas Mallard]] invaded the island of [[Imagua (island)|Imagua]], with the intent of taking the island for [[Estmere]] from [[Blostland]]. Despite the fact that the garrison at [[Cuanstad]] was outnumbered by the Estmerish fleet, the local garrison chose to fight the Estmerish fleet.<br />
<br />
After a month of fighting, the exhausted garrison surrendered, and thus, Estmerish rule over Imagua began. However, Blostlander rule continued in the [[Assimas Islands]]. During this period, more slaves were imported to Imagua by the Estmerish, especially from [[Bahia]] as part of the broader [[Transvehemens slave trade|triangle trade]], which led to the development of the [[Bahio-Imaguan]] community.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, the Blostlanders re-established themselves at [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|Peterstad]] (present-day [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|San Pietro]]), which continued to be ruled from [[Hammarvik]] in present-day [[Eldmark]]. During this period, slaves began to be imported in large numbers to the Assimas Islands, albeit primarily from indigenous tribes in [[Eldmark]] as opposed to Bahians. Blostlander rule would continue over the Assimas until 1765, when [[Eldmark]] proclaimed their independence, and the Assimas sided with Eldmarkian rebels over the Blostlander government. However, after the abolition of slavery in 1776 on the Assimas, the Assimas would lose their viability as most of the white population left for Eldmark.<br />
<br />
In 1721, Estmere was forced to give up Imagua to [[Gaullica]] following their defeat in the [[Ten Years' War]]. Under Gaullican rule, Imagua was ruled as part of the [[Saint Casimir Islands]], with slaves being brought in from Gaullican trading posts. However, following the [[Asterian War of Independence]]'s conclusion in 1771, Estmere retook control of Imagua. Upon Estmere reassuming control of Imagua, the {{wp|slave trade}} was banned on Imagua as it had already been abolished in Estmere in 1741. However, slavery continued to be practiced until 1795, when it was finally banned outright by the Estmerish.<br />
<br />
===Nineteenth and early twentieth centuries===<br />
[[File:Puerto_Rico_Defenses_(8364088063).jpg|250px|thumb|left|Preparations for defence of the Assimas, 1942]]<br />
By the turn of the nineteenth century, [[Eldmark]] was mired in debt, which led to the government of Eldmark selling the [[Assimas Islands]] to the [[United Kingdom of Etruria]] in 1813 to help resolve its debt. With the annexation of the Assimas Islands, Etruria began the process of Etrurianising the islands, with high levels of immigration from present-day [[Etruria]] and [[Emessa]] taking place. During the nineteenth century, the {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian language}} was promoted while [[Western Imaguan Creole]] was cracked down in schools and other institutions.<br />
<br />
On the [[Imagua (island)|island of Imagua]], the abolition of slavery in 1795 by [[Estmere]] meant that owners were looking for a replacement source of labour as many [[Bahio-Imaguan people|Bahio-Imaguans]] migrated away from rural areas towards [[Cuanstad]]. This led to an influx of [[Gowsa|gowsas]] into the colony, which by 1840 numbered over 75,000 people, and would form the basis of the [[Coian-Imaguan people|Coian]] community. However, as gowsa migration slowed, many gowsa left the fields, and thus, by the 1870s, [[Senrian people|Senrians]] were recruited to work on sugarcane plantations<br />
<br />
By the 1880s, the Assimas would begin to industrialise, with the importation of factory equipment from Etruria helping kickstart the manufacturing industry, while the mechanisation of farm labour meant that there were fewer jobs on the farms, leading to high numbers of unemployed people. Likewise, Cuanstad would industrialise due to the importation of factory equipment from Estmere, and high numbers of unemployed workers which led to substantial demand.<br />
<br />
In 1892, the [[Colony of Imagua]] was granted limited {{wp|self-government}}, with [[Harmon Lambourne]] becoming the first [[Prime Minister of Imagua and the Assimas|Chief Minister]] of the colony. With the granting of self-government by Estmere, Imagua was effectively dominated by a [[Eucleo-Imaguan people|Euclean]] minority, with the Eucleans largely supporting the [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Lambournites]] and the [[Liberal Party (Imagua)|Suthmeerites]] (which became the [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]] in 1936 and the [[Liberal Party (Imagua)|Liberals]] in 1924 respectively).<br />
<br />
With the [[Great Collapse]] in 1913, the economies of both Imagua and the Assimas collapsed, as they were reliant on exports to [[Euclea]] and the [[Asterias]]. Unemployment would peak in 1917-8, with 23% of Imaguans being unemployed in 1917, and 18% of Assimans being unemployed in 1918. Continued economic malaise led first to the [[Liberal Party (Imagua)|Liberals]] taking power in 1917 under [[Peter Hansson]], with [[Nelson Egnell]] succeeding Hansson in 1920 after Hansson's death.<br />
<br />
With the outbreak of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] in 1927, [[Gaullica]] would occupy Imagua and the Assimas in 1928 as Estmere and Etruria entered the Great War, due to the location of Imagua and the Assimas close to several Gaullican colonies, including [[Sainte-Chloé]]. The islands would be liberated in 1933 as part of an island-hopping campaign by the [[Grand Alliance]] on their way to attack the [[Entente]] states in [[Asteria Inferior]].<br />
<br />
Following the end of the war, control of the islands returned back to Estmere and Etruria. In 1937, Imagua would become "independent within the [[Estmerish Empire|empire]]," effectively becoming fully independent. On the Assimas, the establishment of the [[Greater Solarian Republic]] led to crackdowns on the trade unions, while its policy of total militarisation in retaliation of the [[Grande Tradimento|Great Betrayal]] led to issues.<br />
<br />
When [[Estmere]] joined the [[Solarian War]] in 1944, Imagua invaded the Assimas and would occupy it for the rest of the [[Solarian War]]. During this period, it was in negotiations with Estmere and with the [[Community of Nations]] over political union with Sainte-Chloé. This was ultimately accepted, and by 1945, the [[United Provinces (Kylaris)|United Provinces]] were established. However, the union proved to be short lived due to linguistic issues and to issues over the Assimas, with the government nearly collapsing over whether the Assimas should be part of Imagua or be its own province. While the Assimas did ultimately become part of Imagua, the conflict would lead to the collapse of the United Provinces.<br />
<br />
===Independence===<br />
[[File:Faro_Isla_Cabras,_Puerto_Rico_(Encenada_Honda,_Ceiba).jpg|250px|thumb|right|A road to a lighthouse near [[Nua Taois]], 1960]]<br />
By 1947, relations between Imagua and the [[United Provinces (Kylaris)|United Provinces]] were so strained that in August, a legislator voted to expel Imagua from the United Provinces. While initially vetoed by [[Lionel Hegan]], after passing through Parliament again, negotiations began to take place over how much of the federal debt should Imagua be responsible for, and whether the rest of the United Provinces could continue to use the [[Arucian shilling]]. After having negotiated the agreement, Imagua and the Assimas would leave the United Provinces on 23 April, 1948.<br />
<br />
Subsequently, Imagua and the Assimas joined the [[Estmerish Council]], and began to develop its own foreign presence. In the early 1950s, {{wp|tourism}} started to emerge, due to the position of Imagua and the Assimas between [[Asteria Superior]] and [[Asteria Inferior]]: as the planes of time could not reach the other continent without refuelling, Imagua became a major refuelling stop, and Imagua started to appeal to tourists in an effort to get them to spend their monies on the island.<br />
<br />
At around the same time, the {{wp|financial industry}}, which while it did exist since the 19th century, began to blossom. This, combined with {{wp|deindustrialization}} in [[Cuanstad]] and the Assimas Islands led to the development of a {{wp|service economy}}. Politically, the {{wp|two party system}} between the [[Democratic Labour Party of Imagua|Democratic Labour Party]] and the [[Sotirian Democratic Party of Imagua|Sotirian Democrats]] had become entrenched by the end of the 1950s.<br />
<br />
Under [[Prime Minister of Imagua and the Assimas|Prime Minister]] [[Efrem Lacovara]], while the economy did grow, the [[Sugar Crash]] led to a fall in sugar prices, which greatly affected Imagua's agricultural and manufacturing industries: in 1966, the [[Imaguan Sugar Board]] was established with the aim of being a {{wp|monopsony}} for Imaguan sugar.<br />
<br />
During the late 1960s and early 1970s, the economy grew and blossomed, especially under the tenure of the first black Prime Minister, [[Eric Fleming]], who oversaw the diversification of the economy. However, in the mid-1970s, {{wp|stagflation}} took hold, partially as it was so dependent on trade with [[Euclea]] and Asteria Superior, which led to a sluggish economy. In 1979, Imagua officially entered a recession, which greatly affected the country: while in 1978, the unemployment rate was at 7.4%, by 1980, it had risen to 11.3%.<br />
<br />
This led to incumbent Prime Minister [[Pietro Muro]] to implement several policies to help mitigate the damage: the first thing he did was bail out the banks in the country, which he did by August 1980. In November, he instituted a budget which would end the 1:1 peg between the [[Arucian shilling]] and the [[Estmerish shilling]] on 1 April, 1981, in order to allow devaluation of the Arucian shilling. By April 1981, Brockett floated the Arucian shilling.<br />
<br />
While the unemployment rate had risen to 12.3% in 1981, by 1982, it fell to 9.7%. This continued after Brockett lost the 1984 election to [[Edmondo Privitera]], with the unemployment rate in 1986 having fallen below 1978 levels, at only 7.2%.<br />
<br />
===Contemporary era===<br />
[[File:Baustelle_metro_express_Mauritius_2019-09-27_3.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Construction of a {{wp|light rail}} line in [[Cuanstad]], 2019]]<br />
By the [[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1992|1992]], the [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]] lost their final seats as their vote share largely transferred over to the [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|National Labour Party]]. However, because of the fractured opposition, [[Gerald Larsson]] was able to succeed [[Edmondo Privitera]] as [[Prime Minister of Imagua and the Assimas]], while [[Isidoro Libero]] succeeded [[Marguerite Ernman]] as [[President of Imagua and the Assimas]].<br />
<br />
During the 1990s, a strong {{wp|anti-incumbency}} factor developed against the governing [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]], which meant that in [[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#1996|1996]], the DLP lost the popular vote, although due to {{wp|vote-splitting}} between the NLP and SDP, the DLP were able to maintain control of the government. However, in 1997, the National Labour and Sotirian Democratic Parties merged to form the [[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Labour Party]], which gained popularity among voters who were opposed to continued DLP rule, which was exacerbated by [[Pietro Muro]]'s conviction on corruption charges and by the DLP's staunch committment to {{wp|neoliberalism}}.<br />
<br />
Thus, in the [[2000 Imaguan parliamentary election|2000 elections]], the Sotirian Labour Party secured a majority of seats in the Chamber of Commons, with [[Agnes Ingram]] becoming Prime Minister, while their nominee for the Presidency, [[Erico D'Antonio]] defeated Larsson of the DLP, making it the first time since 1960 that a non-Democratic Labour government has been elected in Imagua. During this period, the SLP relaxed immigration rules, reduced regulations, and embraced {{wp|neoliberal}} policies, although with the 2005 recession, Imagua entered a recession that lasted until 2010.<br />
<br />
Despite these issues, the SLP were able to maintain their hold on power in Imagua, with Ingram becoming President in 2008 while [[Saverio Merante]] became Prime Minister. However, as the 2010s wore on, the SLP was seen as having run out of ideas, while their policies were blamed for rising house prices in [[Cuanstad]], which has forced many residents to seek cheaper housing in places such as [[Altaithe]].<br />
<br />
Thus, in [[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#2016|2016]], the Democratic Labour Party returned to government, with Privitera becoming President and [[Douglas Egnell]] becoming Prime Minister. Under the DLP government, immigration to Imagua was reduced, regulations were increased to protect the "common man," and free tertiary education was introduced to counteract the {{wp|brain drain}} of Imaguan youths who emigrate from Imagua after finishing school. {{wp|Civil unions}} were legalised in 2017, despite many opposing it, while funding cuts to the [[Royal Imaguan Constabulary]] meant that the DLP was seen as being soft on crime. In addition, the DLP was perceived by many Assimans as being indifferent to their situation. However, the Democratic Labour Party also invested in the construction of a {{wp|light rail}} system in [[Cuanstad]], which opened at the end of 2019, and marked the first time since 1981 that rail service had been restored in the country.<br />
<br />
By the [[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#2020|2020]] general elections, many DLP voters on the Assimas voted for the [[Movement for a New Imagua]], while some SLP voters in rural areas voted for the Movement for a New Imagua. As the DLP won a plurality of seats and Privitera won a second term, they were able to form a {{wp|minority government}}.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
{{multiple image<br />
| align = right<br />
<br />
| image1 = ImaguaTopoMap.png<br />
| width1 = 360<br />
| caption1 = Topographic map of Imagua and the Assimas<br />
| alt1 = Imagua Topographic Map<br />
<br />
| image2 = Guadeloupe_114_-_Sommet_de_la_Soufrière_1467m_-_Guadeloupe.jpg<br />
| width2 = 250<br />
| caption2 = [[Mount Apita]], 2006<br />
| alt2 = Mt. Apita<br />
<br />
}}<br />
Imagua and the Assimas is situated on the [[West Arucian Sea]], and is part of the larger [[West Arucian Archieplago]]. It is traditionally divided into two regions, the large island of [[Imagua (island)|Imagua]] and the smaller [[Assimas Islands]].<br />
<br />
The Assimas Islands comprise of three major islands west of the island of Imagua, in decreasing area: [[Avitabile Island]], [[San Sigfrido Island]], and [[Guardia Island]], with the total area of the islands being at 4,937.6 square kilometres. The Assimas Islands, while of volcanic origin, have been extinct for millions of years, which have helped contribute to the small islands of the Assimas. The highest point of the Assimas Islands is [[Mount Pioniere]], located on Avitabile Island, and at an elevation of 940 meters above sea level.<br />
<br />
Imagua comprises of a single major island, Imagua, which measures at 12,340.4 square kilometres, as well as several minor islets. Imagua is a {{wp|volcanic island}}, with three volcanoes on the island: the highest volcano, [[Mount Apita]], at 1,467 meters above sea level, which last erupted in 1972, [[Mount Guanara]], at 966 meters above sea level, which last erupted in 1866, and [[Mount Morete]], which is believed to be extinct, and is at 778 meters above sea level. Unlike the Assimas Islands, which are relatively flat, Imagua is a rugged land, with development only really possible either along the coast, or along several valleys, with the largest valley being the [[Glen Valley]] along the longest river, the [[Glen River]], which empties out at [[Cuanstad]]. To the north of Imagua lies [[Dunhelm Island]].<br />
<br />
Due to the rugged geography of Imagua, and the small size of the Assimas Islands, only around 12% of the land in the country, comprising 2,073.39 square kilometres is {{wp|arable land|arable}}, with 58% of the arable land being located on the Assimas Islands.<br />
<br />
Climatically, Imagua and the Assimas experiences a {{wp|tropical monsoon climate}}, with the yearly average highs being 32 °C (89.6 °F), and the yearly average lows being 20.5 °C (68.9 °F). The wet season is generally from June to November, while the dry season typically lasts from December to May, although the months of May and December receive more rain than any other month in the dry season. The highest recorded temperature in Imagua and the Assimas was at 39.7 °C (103.46 °F) recorded in [[Dead Man's Corner]] on 14 July, 2022, beating out the 38 °C (100.4 °F), recorded in [[Chesterfield, Imagua and the Assimas|Chesterfield]] on 28 July, 1939, while the coldest recorded temperature in Imagua and the Assimas was at -2.7°C (27.2 °F) on the summit of Mount Apita on 19 February, 1911. <br />
<br />
While there have been some apocryphal reports of snow falling on the peak of Mount Apita in 1694, 1768, 1796, and 1813, there have been no official records of snow being observed on Imagua and the Assimas since records began in 1873.<br />
<br />
==Economy==<br />
[[File:Port_of_Spain_Trinidad.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Skyline of downtown [[Cuanstad]], 2012]]<br />
For most of the history of Imagua and the Assimas, well into colonial years, the economy of Imagua and the Assimas was based off of {{wp|subsistence agriculture}} and from the {{wp|fisheries}}.<br />
<br />
With the colonization of the islands by [[Blostland]], the {{wp|sugar industry}} was established, and the farmlands of Imagua and the Assimas became largely focused on producing {{wp|sugar}}, as well as spices such as {{wp|nutmeg}}. These industries remained the main pillars of the Imaguan economy well into the late nineteenth century, with heavy imports of {{wp|slaves}} by colonial powers that all sought to take control of Imagua and the Assimas.<br />
<br />
In the nineteenth century, industrialization started to take root, especially in the cities of [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|San Pietro]] and Cuanstad, with the opening of many factories, and reaching its zenith in the early twentieth century when {{wp|petroleum}} was discovered in Imaguan waters. By 1881, the manufacturing sector had overtaken agriculture as the most profitable industry, and it reached a peak in 1951, when the manufacturing sector employed around two-thirds of all employed, especially in the {{wp|petrochemicals|petrochemical}} industry.<br />
<br />
Since the 1950s, the {{wp|service sector}} began to develop, especially in Cuanstad, where the {{wp|financial sector}} blossomed, as policies were made to make Imagua and the Assimas a {{wp|tax haven}}. {{wp|Tourism}} however became a major pillar of the economy, with jobs in tourism overtaking jobs in manufacturing by the early 1970s. Despite setbacks in the late 1970s and in the 1980s, the service sector has recovered in the 1990s.<br />
<br />
As of 2016, the gross domestic product of Imagua and the Assimas is at $22,211,891,505 via {{wp|nominal GDP}}, or $44,423,783,010 via {{wp|purchasing power parity}}, which makes Imagua and the Assimas one of the wealthiest countries in the [[West Arucian Sea]]. Imagua and the Assimas has a nominal {{wp|GDP per capita}} of $17,001, or a PPP per capita of $34,002. It has a {{wp|human development index}} of 0.812, and has an employment rate of 74.2% of the population, with an unemployment rate of 5.8%. The nation's poverty rate as of 2016 is at 12.5%, which is an increase from 9.3% in 2006.<br />
<br />
The largest part of the Imaguan economy are the {{wp|service sector}}, with around two-thirds of the economy being due to the service sector, and with two-thirds of all workers in the country working in this sector. The largest industries in that sector are the {{wp|hospitality industry}}, {{wp|retail}} (with [[Ajeng's]] being a popular Imaguan-based chain), the {{wp|financial industry}} (represented domestically by the [[Bank of the Orient]], the [[Bank of the Arucian]], and the [[Dockworker's Credit Union]]), and the {{wp|information and technology|IT industry}}.<br />
<br />
Besides the service sector, manufacturing comprises 15% of the nation's economy, and employs ten percent of all workers in the country. Contemporary manufacturing in Imagua and the Assimas largely focuses on petrochemicals, and the food and beverage industry. As well, agriculture, while still employing 2.5% of all workers, only contributes 1% of the national economy, with most production mostly focused on supplying the nation with food needs. Other economic sectors, primarily {{wp|natural gas}} production comprise the remainder of the economy, and the remainder of the workforce.<br />
<br />
Apart from small reserves of petroleum that have not been exploited, and extensive reserves of natural gas, Imagua's only resources are the fish in the surrounding West Arucian Sea, and the fertile soil.<br />
<br />
==Politics==<br />
[[File:Bridgetown_barbados_parliament_building.jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[Parliament of Imagua and the Assimas|Parliament]] building in [[Cuanstad]], 2006]]<br />
Imagua and the Assimas is a {{wp|unitary state|unitary}} {{wp|parliamentary republic}}, with the {{wp|head of state}} being the [[President of Imagua and the Assimas]], currently [[Edmondo Privitera]], and the {{wp|head of government}} [[Prime Minister of Imagua and the Assimas]], currently [[Douglas Egnell]].<br />
<br />
A custom has emerged where the President and Prime Minister have to be from the two linguistic groups (i.e. if the President is a native {{wp|English language|Estmerish}} speaker, the Prime Minister must be a native {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}} speaker, and vice-versa), while each President must be succeeded by one from the other linguistic group.<br />
<br />
Imagua and the Assimas has traditionally been characterised as a {{wp|two-party}} system, between the centre-left [[Democratic Labour Party of Imagua|Democratic Labour Party]], generally supported by [[Bahio-Imaguan people|Bahio-Imaguans]], and the centre-right [[Sotirian Labour Party of Imagua|Sotirian Labour Party]], generally supported by [[Eucleo-Imaguan people|Eucleo-Imaguans]] and [[Coio-Imaguan people|Coio-Imaguans]]. While there are other political parties, only the [[Movement for a New Imagua]] and the [[Green Party of Imagua|Greens]] hold representation in Parliament as of the 2020 general election.<br />
<br />
===Legislature===<br />
The legislative body of Imagua and the Assimas is known as the [[Parliament of Imagua and the Assimas]] ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Parlamento di Imagua e Assime''), which is a bicameral body.<br />
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The lower house is the [[Chamber of Commons (Imagua and the Assimas)|Chamber of Commons]] ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Camera dei Comuni''), which comprises of seventy members, all elected using {{wp|first-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post}} every four years, although elections may be held earlier if the government loses confidence of the House. Since independence, it has been customary for the Prime Minister and his [[Cabinet of Imagua and the Assimas|cabinet]] to be members of the Chamber of Commons.<br />
<br />
The upper house is the [[Legislative Council (Imagua and the Assimas)|Legislative Council]] ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Consiglio legislativo''), which comprises of nineteen members, all of whom are appointed by the [[President of Imagua and the Assimas|President]] under advice from the [[Prime Minister of Imagua and the Assimas|Prime Minister]] to serve for life.<br />
<br />
===Legal system===<br />
The Imaguan legal system is based off of {{wp|Scots law|Estmerish law}} as applied to Imagua under [[Estmere|Estmerish]] rule, and further updated since its self-government from 1892 onwards. While the [[Etruria|Etrurian]] administered [[Assimas Islands]] used a legal system based off the {{wp|civil law|Etrurian legal system}}, following the annexation of the Assimas into Imagua after the end of the [[Solarian War]], Imagua imposed their legal system on the Assimas.<br />
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The court system of Imagua and the Assimas is structured via the [[Constitution of Imagua and the Assimas#Article 3: Judiciary|the third article of the first chapter]] of the [[Constitution of Imagua and the Assimas|Imaguan constitution]].<br />
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Since the 1960s, the Imaguan legal system underwent reforms, with the government abolishing the {{wp|not proven}} verdict in 1963, and abolished the {{wp|death penalty}} in 1975 for all offences, although the last execution took place in 1944.<br />
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The country's {{wp|police force}} is the [[Royal Imaguan Constabulary]], which provides policing services all across the country, and also functions as a {{wp|paramilitary force}}, as Imagua and the Assimas lacks a standing army. As of 2013, there were 13,875 officers in the country, or roughly one officer for every ninety-four inhabitants.<br />
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===Administrative divisions===<br />
{{Main|Administrative divisions of Imagua and the Assimas}}<br />
Imagua and the Assimas are divided into eight '''counties''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''contee'', [[Western Imaguan Creole]]: ''lan''), with all but the [[Assimas County]] being situated on the [[Imagua (island)|island of Imagua]]. <br />
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As a {{wp|unitary state}}, the counties generally function only for statistical purposes and for judicial purposes, with most of the roles of the counties having been shifted towards the cities and towns, or towards the federal government. However, [[Assimas County]] has substantial autonomy because of its history, and its sizable Vespasian-speaking population.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Map !! County !! Capital !! Population (2021)<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=8| {{Imagua labelled map}} || [[Assimas County|Assimas]] || [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|San Pietro]] || 298,533<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cuanstad]] || [[Cuanstad]] || 200,438<br />
|-<br />
| [[Saint Christopher's County|Saint Christopher's]] || [[Lundholm, Imagua and the Assimas|Lundholm]] || 121,579<br />
|-<br />
| [[Saint Ellen's County|Saint Ellen's]] || [[Altaithe]] || 405,378<br />
|-<br />
| [[Saint Fiacre's County|Saint Fiacre's]] || [[Saint Fiacre's Town]] || 20,538<br />
|-<br />
| [[Saint Florian's County|Saint Florian's]] || [[Bronstad]] || 72,101<br />
|-<br />
| [[Saint Hubert's County|Saint Hubert's]] || [[Saint-André]] || 30,552<br />
|-<br />
| [[Saint Isidore's County|Saint Isidore's]] || [[Nua Taois]] || 195,560<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Foreign relations===<br />
Imagua's foreign policy is dominated by its close economic connections to [[Eldmark]], as well as [[Aucuria]], [[Satucin]], and [[Sainte-Chloé]], which led Imagua to be part of the [[Arucian Cooperation Organization]], who have become major trading partners of Imagua. Outside of the ACO, another key ally is [[Rizealand]], who since the signing of the [[Tripartite Agreement]] has been responsible for the defence of Imagua, with it operating the [[Rizean Arucian Command]].<br />
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Outside of the [[Asterias]], Imagua's foreign relations are positive with [[COMSED]] states, as the ACO and COMSED have extensive cooperation, although it is not an observer, let alone a full member, of COMSED. As well, Imagua has close cooperation with the [[Euclean Community]], especially with [[Estmere]] and [[Etruria]], its two former colonisers, and to a lesser degree, [[Blostland]] and [[Caldia]].<br />
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Imagua is a member state of the [[Community of Nations]], the [[Organization of Asterian Nations]], as well as the [[International Council for Democracy]]. Due to the fact that the majority of Imagua are of [[Bahio-Imaguans|Bahian]] descent, it is an observer state in the [[Congress of Bahian States]].<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
{{main|Demographics of Imagua and the Assimas}}<br />
===Ethnicity===<br />
As of the 2021 census, Imagua and the Assimas over 1.3 million inhabitants. The three main groups are the [[Bahio-Imaguan people|Bahio-Imaguans]], comprising around 80% of the population, or 1,072,905 people, the [[Coian-Imaguans]], who comprise around 8% of the population, or 107,285 people, and the [[Eucleo-Imaguan people|Eucleo-Imaguans]], which comprise about 7% of the population, or 93,638 people. The remaining 5% of the population, or 70,851 people, are either [[Senrian people|Senrians]], recent immigrants, or [[Native Imaguan people|native Imaguans]].<br />
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The Bahio-Imaguans are descendants of {{wp|slaves}} brought in from [[Bahia]] by the various colonizers which have ruled over the archipelago in the [[Transvehemens slave trade|triangle trade]]. Over the generations, the Bahio-Imaguans developed their own identity separate from their original identities back in Bahia, as they were shaped by the life in Imagua and the Assimas.<br />
<br />
The Coian-Imaguans are descendants of [[Gowsa|gowsas]], and to a lesser-extent, [[Satria|Satrian]] {{wp|indentured servants}} who were brought in following the abolition of slavery in the Estmerish Empire in 1795. The Coian population would develop a unique identity separate from their [[Dezevau|Dezevauni]] and [[Kabu|Kabuese]] ancestors.<br />
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The Euclo-Imaguans are descendants of [[Euclea|Euclean]] settlers, and are primarily comprised of [[Etrurian-Imaguans]], who comprise around five percent of the national population (59,828 people), and [[Estmerish-Imaguans]], who comprise around two percent of the national population (26,554 people). The remainder of the Euclean population (4,587 people) come from a wide variety of ethnic groups, with the most prominent of these being the [[Emessa|Emessan]] and {{wp|Swedish people|Blostlander}}-descended individuals.<br />
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As of the 2021 census, 5% of the population belong to other ethnic groups, mostly deriving from immigrants from both [[Coius]] and the [[Asterias]], with the largest immigrant population, the [[Senrian people|Senrian-Imaguans]] comprising just 4% of the population, or 52,260 people. Only 0.5% of the population, or 6,532 people, are [[Native Imaguan people|native Imaguans]].<br />
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===Religion===<br />
[[File:TnT_Rio_Claro_St._Theresa's_RC_Church.jpg|150px|thumb|left|[[Saint David's Church, Cuanstad|Saint David's Church]], 2014]]<br />
The most predominant religion in Imagua and the Assimas is [[Sotirianity]], with 92% of the Imaguan population, or 1,237,105 people reporting that they adhere to some form of Sotirianity as of the 2021 census.<br />
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The largest sects of Sotirianity in Imagua and the Assimas are the [[Solarian Catholic Church|Solarian Catholics]], comprising around 41% of the population, or 551,318 people. After the Solarian Catholic Church, around 30% of the population, or 409,434 people, adhere to the [[United Amended Church]], followed by 15% being {{wp|Lutheranism|Gospelites}}, or 195,672 people. The remainder of the Sotirian population, at 80,681 people, or 6% of the national population, follow other denominations, such as the [[Reformed and Amended Church of Sotirias]], the [[Brethren Church]], the [[Episemialist Church]], the [[Church of Caldia|Church of Caldia]], and smaller Amendist sects.<br />
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Of the 8% of the population who are not Sotirians, 3% of the population, or 40,340 people, are {{wp|irreligious}}, while the remainder follow a wide array of religions, such as [[Badi]], [[Tenkyou]], [[Ashram]], [[Zohism]], and [[Irfan]].<br />
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===Languages===<br />
The two official {{wp|languages}} of Imagua and the Assimas are {{wp|English language|Estmerish}} and {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}.<br />
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As of the 2021 census, around 73% of the population, or 950,153 people, speak {{wp|English language|Estmerish}} on a regular basis, while around 23% of the population, or 352,756 people, mostly on the [[Assimas Islands]] speaks {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}} on a regular basis. Only 3,596 people do not use either official language on a regular basis.<br />
<br />
However, the most commonly spoken language in Imagua and the Assimas is [[Western Imaguan Creole]], an {{wp|Swedish language|Blostlandic-based}} {{wp|creole language|creole}}. As of the 2021 census, around 90% of the population, or 1,211,027 people, listed Western Imaguan Creole as their native language. Vespasian is natively spoken by 3.6% of the population, or 47,894 people, while Estmerish is natively spoken by 3% of the population, or 41,386 people.<br />
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Other native languages spoken besides Western Imaguan Creole and the official languages include [[Eastern Imaguan Creole]], spoken by 31,392 people, or around 2.3% of the population, [[Senrian language|Senrian]], at 0.6% of the population, or 8,838 people, and {{wp|French language|Gaullican}}, at 0.24% of the population, or 3,205 people, with 930 people speaking other languages.<br />
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===Largest cities===<br />
{{Largest cities of Imagua and the Assimas}}<br />
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As of the 2021 census, 1,228,115 people, or around 94% of the population live in urban areas, defined by the national government as an "incorporated settlement" with a density of more than five hundred people per square kilometer, and a population of more than 1,000 people. Of those, 667,542 people, or under 49% of the population live in the ten largest settlements alone, while 828,704 people, or nearly 62% of the population live in the twenty largest settlements.<br />
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The largest metropolitan area is the [[Cuanstad]] metropolitan area, with 592,271 people, or around 44% of the nation's population living in the metropolitan area, with the next largest, [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|San Pietro]] only having a population of 229,462 people, or around 17% of the national population.<br />
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==Infrastructure==<br />
===Transportation===<br />
[[File:PiarcoPan.bmp.jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[Peter Hansson International Airport]], 2018]]<br />
Transportation in Imagua and the Assimas is greatly shaped by the nation's geography. Due to this, there are no roads connecting the entire country. However, the road infrastructure on each of the islands is generally developed, with virtually all public roads in Imagua and the Assimas being paved.<br />
<br />
However, there are regular ferry services between the islands, with services between [[Imagua (island)|Imagua]], [[Avitabile Island]], and [[San Sigfrido Island]] operated by the government-owned [[Imaguan Maritime Service]], in addition to private competitors serving Imagua's smaller islands, islets, and cays, as well as international ferries, such as [[Vanolink]], which connects Imagua to [[Eldmark]].<br />
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There are only two {{wp|civilian airports}} in the country: the [[Cuanstad International Airport]], located in [[Conington, Imagua and the Assimas|Conington]], about halfway beween Cuanstad and Altaithe, which receives a lot of passenger traffic, and [[San Pietro International Airport]], located in [[Nuova Turania]], near San Pietro, as well as two {{wp|military airfield|military airfields}} at [[Thorebourne Naval Base]] and [[Camp Devon]], both operated by the [[Rizean Air Force]]. The only domestic airline based in Imagua and the Assimas is [[Air Imagua]].<br />
<br />
Until 1981, there was a [[Imaguan Government Railways|rail network]] on the island of Imagua. However, due to declining use, it was shuttered from the 1950s onward, and today, there is no rail network in Imagua. However, part of the former rail network has been transformed into a {{wp|bus rapid transit}} system known as the [[Cuanstad Metro]].<br />
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===Healthcare===<br />
[[File:STAPP_010_San_Fernando_General_Hospital_(cropped).jpg|250px|thumb|left|[[King Charles Hospital (Cuanstad)|King Charles Hospital]], 2016]]<br />
Imagua and the Assimas offers {{wp|universal healthcare}} since 1961, meaning that all citizens receive free healthcare. While there are private clinics, as of 2016, around 86.5% use the public healthcare system, which employs 679 doctors, 2,721 nurses, 59 dentists, and 22 pharmacists. The national healthcare system in Imagua and the Assimas is under the jurisdiction of the [[Ministry of Health (Imagua and the Assimas)|Ministry of Health]].<br />
<br />
As of 2020, there are eleven hospitals in Imagua and the Assimas, with three in [[Cuanstad]] (including a {{wp|children's hospital}}), three in [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|San Pietro]], two in [[Altaithe]], and one each in [[Lundholm]], [[Nua Taois]], and [[Rutigliano]].<br />
<br />
As of 2020, the life expectancy of Imaguans is at 73.51 years, with men having a life expectancy at 70.85 years, and females having a life expectancy of 76.17 years.<br />
<br />
===Education===<br />
{{main|Education in Imagua and the Assimas}}<br />
<br />
Like many ex-[[Estmere|Estmerish]] colonies, the educational system in Imagua and the Assimas is heavily based off that of the [[Estmere#Education|Estmerish education system]] as it stood when it gained independence within the Estmerish Empire in 1937. While it had been simplified in the 1960s, the educational stages have otherwise largely stayed intact.<br />
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The formal education system starts with {{wp|preschool}}, although compulsory education only begins in the year students turn five. They continue attending {{wp|primary school}} until 11, when after taking the [[Standard Assessment Test]], they move on to {{wp|comprehensive high schools}}. At the end of fifth form, students take the {{wp|O-levels}}: those who pass get to take {{wp|Sixth Form}}, where they prepare for the {{wp|A-levels}}, which are a requirement in order to be admitted into a university or a polytechnic.<br />
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There are only two universities on Imagua and the Assimas: the [[Università di San Pietro]] in [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|San Pietro]], which opened in 1896, and the [[University of Cuanstad]] in [[Cuanstad]], which opened in 1967, with the university structure being based off of the {{wp|Higher education in Italy|Etrurian system}}. Since 2012, tertiary education has been free of charge for all citizens, in order to combat the islands' {{wp|brain drain}}.<br />
<br />
As of 2016, the adult literacy rate is at 98.97%, with similar numbers among both sexes. In 2020, the mean years of schooling was 10.6 years, while the expected years of schooling is 15.4.<br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
===Arts===<br />
Imagua and the Assimas had a significant artistic tradition since before colonization, with the {{wp|Island Caribs|Imaguan people}} being known for their jewellery and their music, which continues to play a role in {{wp|Garifuna music|contemporary Imaguan music}}.<br />
<br />
Following colonization, colonial influences from [[Caldia]], [[Blostland]], [[Estmere]], [[Gaullica]], and [[Etruria]] played a substantial role in shaping and influencing the Imaguan art scene, with neighboring countries on the [[West Arucian Sea]] such as [[Eldmark]], [[Ardesia]], and [[Aucuria]] also playing a role in helping develop the Imaguan art scene, especially with regard to paintings.<br />
<br />
Prominent painters include [[James Chambers]], [[Julie Williams]], and [[Clara Mandracchia]], while prominent sculptors include [[Eriberto Del Nero]], [[Lucy Gervasi]], and [[Donald O'Hagen]].<br />
<br />
Music has also been influential, with the {{wp|steelpan}} believed to have been invented by the [[Bahio-Imaguan]] community in the late nineteenth century. Prominent musicians from Imagua and the Assimas include [[Rufo D'Esposito]], [[Renato Carcione]], [[Rolf Lundell]], [[Ed Cole]], and [[Hannah Cigleris]].<br />
<br />
Film has also become incredibly popular since the end of the [[Solarian War]], with a relatively large film industry based in [[Cuanstad]] and [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|San Pietro]], although most actors go to other countries for their careers. Prominent Imaguan actors and actresses include [[Emily Fraser]], [[Janet Nomica]], [[Sarah Wallin]], and [[Sviturno Di Palo]].<br />
<br />
===Cuisine===<br />
[[File:Jamaican_patties_and_redstripe.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A plate of {{wp|Jamaican patty|Imaguan patties}} with a glass of {{wp|Red Stripe|lager}}]]<br />
Due to the islands' history, the cuisine of Imagua and the Assimas has been greatly influenced from {{wp|African cuisine|Bahian}}, {{wp|English cuisine|Estmerish}}, {{wp|Italian cuisine|Etrurian}}, [[Coio-Imaguan people|Gowsa]], and [[Senria#Cuisine|Senrian]] cuisines.<br />
<br />
The most popular foods of Bahian origin in Imagua include {{wp|callaloo}}, which is usually made from young {{wp|taro leaves}}, {{wp|okra}}, {{wp|pumpkin}}, {{wp|onions}}, {{wp|coconut milk}}, and {{wp|pimento}}, with seasoning of either {{wp|chives}}, {{wp|cilantro}}, or {{wp|culantro}}; {{wp|porridge}}; {{wp|oxtail stew}}, and {{wp|cou-cou}}, made from {{wp|cornmeal}} and okra, and deriving from {{wp|fufu}}.<br />
<br />
The most popular foods of {{wp|Italian cuisine|Etrurian origin}} include {{wp|risotto}}, also known as {{wp|pelau}} on Imagua; {{wp|macaroni pie}}, made of {{wp|macaroni}}, {{wp|cheddar cheese}}, milk, flour, salt, pepper, and various spices; {{wp|spaghetti}}, usually made with {{wp|durum semolina}}, {{wp|Trinidad Moruga scorpion|scorpion peppers}}, {{wp|pasta sauce}} and {{wp|garlic sauce}}, and then served with {{wp|salt}}, {{wp|rosemary}} and {{wp|parsley}}; {{wp|uovo sbattuto}}, made of egg yolks and sugar, and {{wp|zabaione}}, made of milk, eggs, and wine. In addition, {{wp|smörgåstårta|torta del panino}} (usually made with {{wp|coco bread}}, {{wp|eggs}}, {{wp|mayonnaise}}, {{wp|ham}}, {{wp|tomatoes}}, and {{wp|barracuda|smoked barracudas}}), is commonly assumed to be of Etrurian origin, even though most evidence suggests it is of [[Blostland|Blostlandic]] origin.<br />
<br />
The most popular foods of [[Estmere#Cuisine|Estmerish]] origin include {{wp|fish and chips}} (with the fish usually being fried or grilled {{wp|flying fish}}); {{wp|fisherman's pie|fish pie}} (made from fresh and smoked {{wp|saltfish}}, and served with mashed {{wp|breadfruit}}); and {{wp|sausages}} (often in the form of {{wp|currywurst|curry dogs}}). The {{wp|Sunday roast|Sunday lunch}} in Imagua is a common tradition, although it usually consists of {{wp|roast pork}}, roast potatoes or roast breadfruit, {{wp|Yorkshire pudding|Tolbury puddings}}, local vegetables, and covered in gravy and pepper sauce.<br />
<br />
The most popular foods of gowsa origin include {{wp|congee}}, {{wp|curry}}, {{wp|doubles (food)|doubles}}, {{wp|Satay|gainge}}, {{wp|Dadar gulung|pandan}}, {{wp|Rojak|spiced fruit salad}}, and {{wp|Vada (food)|wada}}. Finally, foods of [[Senria#Cuisine|Senrian origin]] commonly consumed on Imagua include {{wp|donburi}}, {{wp|Gyōza|gyouza}}, {{wp|sushi|susi}}, and {{wp|Chahan (dish)|yakimesi}}.<br />
<br />
In addition to foods derived from foreign sources, unique foods have emerged on the island, such as {{wp|bake and shark}}, made with a flatbread and topped with shark meat and other ingredients; {{wp|brown stew chicken|stew chicken}}, where the chicken is covered with {{wp|brown sugar}}, and topped with vegetables; {{wp|fish tea}}, made of ground yam, pumpkins, cassava, potatoes, and plantains; {{wp|Goiabada|guava cheese}}; {{wp|Jamaican patty|Imaguan patties}}, made from various fillings and spices and stuffed into coco bread; {{wp|Jerk (cooking)|jerked}} beef and jerked chickens; {{wp|mannish water}}, a soup made from various goat parts; {{wp|Guyanese pepperpot|pepperpot}}, which is believed to be of [[Native Imaguan people|Native Imaguan]] origin; salted {{wp|pig tails}}; {{wp|bulla cake|sweetbread}}, made from {{wp|molasses}} and then spiced with ginger and nutmeg, and {{wp|sugar cake}}, made with grated coconuts, sugar, and food coloring.<br />
<br />
===Sports===<br />
[[File:The_Champ_de_Mars_Racecourse.JPG|250px|thumb|left|[[Altaithe Downs]], 2015]]<br />
The three most popular sports in Imagua and the Assimas are {{wp|association football}} (also referred to as Euclean football), [[Arucian football]] (commonly known as chausse), and {{wp|horse racing}}.<br />
<br />
Association football was introduced in 1877 by [[Hezekiah Perry]] onto the island of [[Imagua (island)|Imagua]], and spread from there to the [[Assimas Islands]]. It quickly became popular in both regions, and is today the most popular sport on the island. The governing body of association football on Imagua is the [[Imaguan Football Association]], the national team is the [[Imagua and the Assimas national football team|Imaguan Crossbearers]], and the main association football league is the [[Imaguan Football League]].<br />
<br />
Arucian football was introduced to the archipelago around the early 20th century, due to sailors from [[Gaullica|Gaullican]] colonies in the western Arucian introducing the sport to [[Cuanstad]] and [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|San Pietro]]. However, the sport began to take off in popularity outside these two cities in the 1940s with the advent of the [[Arucian Football Association]], with the two clubs in Imagua joining the league in that year, with the sport growing in popularity over the succeeding decades. Today, it is the second-most popular sport in Imagua, with the main Arucian football league being the [[Imaguan Chausse Association]], which holds the annual [[Imaguan Chausse Association#Hegan Cup|Hegan Cup]], who determines Imagua's team for the [[Arucian Cup]].<br />
<br />
Horse racing, or in particular, {{wp|thoroughbred racing}}, was introduced in the late eighteenth century by Governor (TBC) of Imagua, when he brought his love of the sport to the country. The [[Altaithe Downs]] was established in 1812, and over the next century, the sport gained widespread popularity on the island of Imagua, with various racecourses being established across the island. The most prestigious race is the [[Maiden Cup (Imagua)|Maiden Cup]], held every March at Altaithe Downs.<br />
<br />
Other popular sports in Imagua and the Assimas include {{wp|Sailing (sport)|sailing}}, {{wp|baseball}}, {{wp|handball}}, and {{wp|golf}}.<br />
<br />
===Media===<br />
Imagua and the Assimas, despite its small population, has a robust media atmosphere.<br />
<br />
It has many local {{wp|newspapers}}, although the two most popular newspapers in Imagua and the Assimas, which are known as the {{wp|de-facto}} {{wp|newspapers of record}} are the {{wp|English language|Estmerish language}} ''[[Cuanstad Sentinel]]'' and the {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian language}} ''[[Gazzetta di San Pietro]]''.<br />
<br />
There are three television networks in Imagua and the Assimas: the public [[Imaguan Television Service]], which broadcasts in both Estmerish and Vespasian, [[DayStar Television]], which broadcasts exclusively in Estmerish, and [[TVAlba]], which broadcasts exclusively in Vespasian.<br />
<br />
As of 2018, there are seventy-three licensed {{wp|radio stations}} on the islands. The largest radio operator is the publicly run [[Imaguan Radio Network]], which operates twenty-nine radio stations, including {{wp|repeater|repeaters}}, while the second largest radio operator is [[DayStar Group]], which operates twenty-six radio stations.<br />
<br />
===Holidays===<br />
{{main|Public holidays in Imagua and the Assimas}}<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Date !! Estmerish name !! Vespasian name !! Description<br />
|-<br />
| 1 January || ''New Year's Day'' || ''Capodanno'' || Celebrates the new year<br />
|-<br />
| 12 February || ''Memorial Day'' || ''Giorno della Memoria'' || Remembers all those who lost their lives in all wars fought by Imagua and the Assimas<br />
|-<br />
| ''Friday before {{wp|Easter Sunday|Paschal Sunday}}'' || ''Good Friday'' || ''Venerdì Santo'' || Commemorates the death of [[Jesus Sotiras]]<br />
|-<br />
| ''A Sunday in Spring'' || ''Paschal Sunday'' || ''Pasqua'' || Celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Sotiras<br />
|-<br />
| ''Monday following Paschal Sunday'' || ''Paschal Monday'' || ''Pasquetta'' || Celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Sotiras<br />
|-<br />
| 23 April || ''Sovereignty Day'' || ''Festa della sovranità'' || Celebrates the granting of de-jure independence from the [[United Provinces (Kylaris)|United Provinces]] in 1948<br />
|-<br />
| 1 May || ''Labour Day'' || ''Giorno lavorativo'' || Celebrates the achievements of the working class<br />
|-<br />
| ''Fifty days after Paschal Sunday'' || ''Whit Monday'' || ''Lunedì di Pentecoste'' || Commemorates the descent of the {{wp|Holy Spirit}}<br />
|-<br />
| 29 June || ''Imagua Day'' || ''Giorno di Imagua'' || Celebrates the granting of self-government by [[Estmere]]<br />
|-<br />
| 15 August || ''Assumption of Mary'' || ''Assunzione'' || Commemorates Mary entering {{wp|Heaven}} alive at the end of her life<br />
|-<br />
| 1 November || ''All Saints' Day'' || ''Giorno di Ognissanti'' || Honours all saints<br />
|-<br />
| 29 November || ''Unity Day'' || ''Giorno dell'Unità'' || Commemorates the unification of the [[Assimas Islands]] with [[Colony of Imagua|Imagua]] in 1946<br />
|-<br />
| 24 December || ''Nativity Eve'' || ''Vigilia di Natale'' || Celebrates the birth of Jesus Sotiras<br />
|-<br />
| 25 December || ''Nativity Day'' || ''Giorno di Natale'' || Celebrates the birth of Jesus Sotiras<br />
|-<br />
| 31 December || ''New Year's Eve'' || ''Vigilia di Capodanno'' || Celebrates the end of the year<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{{Countries in Kylaris}}<br />
[[Category:Imagua and the Assimas]][[Category:Kylaris]][[Category:Countries (Kylaris)]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Imagua_and_the_Assimas_at_the_Invictus_Games&diff=773926Imagua and the Assimas at the Invictus Games2024-02-29T18:20:41Z<p>Luziyca: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{infobox country at games<br />
| NOC = IMA<br />
| NOCname = [[Imagua and the Assimas#Sports|Imagua Invictus Committee]]<br />
| games = Invictus Games<br />
| year = <br />
| flagcaption = <br />
| oldcode = <br />
| website = <br />
| location = <br />
| competitors = <br />
| sports = <br />
| flagbearer =<br />
<br />
| rank = <br />
| gold = 6<br />
| silver = 5 <br />
| bronze = 6<br />
| officials = <br />
| appearances = <br />
| app_begin_year = <br />
| app_end_year = <br />
| summerappearances = [[Cassier|1938]] '''·''' {{font color|grey|1942}} '''·''' [[Estmere|1950]] '''·''' [[Eldmark|1954]] '''·''' [[Senria|1958]] '''·''' [[Ardesia|1962]] '''·''' [[Soravia|1966]] '''·''' [[Senria|1970]] '''·''' [[Rizealand|1974]] '''·''' [[Werania|1978]] '''·''' [[Ansan|1982]] '''·''' [[Cassier|1986]] '''·''' [[Senria|1990]] '''·''' [[Kirenia|1994]] '''·''' [[Etruria|1998]] '''·''' [[Satavia|2002]] '''·''' [[Dezevau|2006]] '''·''' [[Shangea|2010]] '''·''' [[Satucin|2014]] '''·''' [[Caldia|2018]] '''·''' ''[[2022 Summer Invictus Games|2022]]''<br />
| winterappearances = [[Cassier|1988]] '''·''' [[Shangea|1992]] '''·''' [[Caldia|1996]] '''·''' [[Senria|2000]] '''·''' [[Shangea|2004]] '''·''' [[Cassier|2008]] '''·''' [[Gaullica|2012]] '''·''' [[Scovern|2016]] '''·''' [[2020 Winter Invictus Games|2020]] '''·''' ''[[2024 Winter Invictus Games|2024]]''<br />
}}<br />
'''[[Imagua and the Assimas]]''' first competed at the [[Invictus Games]] at the [[Cassier|1938 Invictus Games]] in [[Nouvelle-Rayenne]] as Imagua. After making its initial appearance, it did not participate in the [[Etruria|1942 Invictus Games]] in [[Vicalvi]], due to distance from Imagua and the high costs of transporting athletes. It would only begin participating as Imagua and the Assimas at the [[Estmere|1950 Invictus Games]] in [[St. Avelines]]. Imagua would only compete in summer Invictus Games until the [[Cassier|1988 Winter Invictus Games]] in [[Bougainville]], [[Cassier]]. Since then, Imagua has competed in all editions of the summer and winter Invictus Games.<br />
<br />
The [[Imagua and the Assimas#Sports|Imaguan Invictus Committee]] is the organiser of all Imaguan Invictus teams, being established in 1935.<br />
<br />
==Medal tables==<br />
===Summer===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"<br />
|-<br />
!Games<br />
!Athletes<br />
|style="background:gold; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Gold<br />
|style="background:silver; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Silver<br />
|style="background:#cc9966; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Bronze<br />
!style="width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Total<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|1938 Nouvelle-Rayenne]] || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Etruria}} [[Etruria|1942 Vicalvi]] ||colspan=5| ''Did not participate''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Estmere}} [[Estmere|1950 St. Avelines]] || 7 || 0 || 0 || 1 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Eldmark}} [[Eldmark|1954 Hammarvik]] || 11 || 0 || 1 || 0 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|1958 Keisi]] || 9 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Ardesia}} [[Ardesia|1962 Rémont]] || 13 || 0 || 0 || 1 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Soravia|ZDR}} [[UPSR|1966 Patovatra]] || 16 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|1970 Tosei]] || 19 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Rizealand}} [[Rizealand|1974 Los Santos]] || 13 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Werania}} [[Werania|1978 Westbrücken]] || 10 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Ansan}} [[Ansan|1982 Ogbei]] || 6 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|1986 Sainte-Marie]] || 16 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|1990 Keisi]] || 7 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Kirenia}} [[Kirenia|1994 Harimisaareke]] || 12 || 0 || 0 || 1 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Etruria}} [[Etruria|1998 San Alessandro]] || 19 || 0 || 1 || 0 || '''1'''<br />
|- <br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Satavia}} [[Satavia|2002 Port Hope]] || 28 || 0 || 1 || 1 || '''2'''<br />
|- <br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Dezevau}} [[Dezevau|2006 Crescent Island City]] || 23 || 1 || 1 || 0 || '''2'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Shangea}} [[Shangea|2010 Baiqiao]] || 28 || 0 || 1 || 0 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Satucin}} [[Satucin|2014 Gatôn]] || 30 || 1 || 0 || 1 || '''2'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Caldia}} [[Caldia|2018 Spálgleann]] || 31 || 0 || 0 || 1 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Gaullica}} [[2022 Summer Invictus Games|2022 Verlois]] || 35 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Ansan}} [[2026 Summer Invictus Games|2026 Sindae]] || colspan=5| ''Future event''<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=2 |Total !! 5 !! 5 !! 6 !! 16<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Winter===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"<br />
|-<br />
!Games<br />
!Athletes<br />
|style="background:gold; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Gold<br />
|style="background:silver; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Silver<br />
|style="background:#cc9966; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Bronze<br />
!style="width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Total<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|1988 Bougainville]] || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Ansan}} [[Ansan|1992 Sangang]] || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Caldia}} [[Caldia|1996 Benbaun]] || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|2000 Ubeyama]] || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Shangea}} [[Shangea|2004 Shenkong]] || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|2008 Barnier]] || 7 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Gaullica}} [[Gaullica|2012 Rayenne]] || 6 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|2016 Ubeyama]] || 7 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Soravia}} [[2020 Winter Invictus Games|2020 Ulan Khol]] || 8 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Scovern}} [[2024 Winter Invictus Games|2024 Rimso-Nordfolden]] || 8 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=2 |Total !! 1 !! 0 !! 0 !! 1<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===By sport===<br />
<br />
==Flagbearers==<br />
*{{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|1938 Nouvelle-Rayenne]] – Maurice O'Nunan<br />
*{{flagicon|Estmere}} [[Estmere|1950 St. Avelines]] – Thomas Holcombe (1)<br />
*{{flagicon|Eldmark}} [[Eldmark|1954 Hammarvik]] – Thomas Holcombe (2)<br />
*{{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|1958 Keisi]] – Douglas Handmer<br />
*{{flagicon|Ardesia}} [[Ardesia|1962 Rémont]] – Massimo Figliahans (1)<br />
*{{flagicon|Soravia|ZDR}} [[UPSR|1966 Patovatra]] – Massimo Figliahans (2)<br />
*{{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|1970 Tosei]] – Andrew Wood<br />
*{{flagicon|Rizealand}} [[Rizealand|1974 Los Santos]] – Ariele Teti<br />
*{{flagicon|Werania}} [[Werania|1978 Westbrücken]] – Tyrus Stephenson<br />
*{{flagicon|Ansan}} [[Ansan|1982 Ogbei]] – Barsaba Mirabito<br />
*{{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|1986 Sainte-Marie]] – Dominic Lague<br />
*{{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|1988 Bougainville]] – Den Svensson<br />
*{{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|1990 Keisi]] – Tirone Arcidiacono<br />
*{{flagicon|Ansan}} [[Ansan|1992 Sangang]] – Noemi Porretta<br />
*{{flagicon|Kirenia}} [[Kirenia|1994 Harimisaareke]] – Olivia Doggo<br />
*{{flagicon|Caldia}} [[Caldia|1996 Benbaun]] – Fawn Mure (1)<br />
*{{flagicon|Etruria}} [[Etruria|1998 San Alessandro]] – Alcino Di Leo<br />
*{{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|2000 Ubeyama]] – Fawn Mure (2)<br />
*{{flagicon|Satavia}} [[Satavia|2002 Port Hope]] – Sarah Minot<br />
*{{flagicon|Shangea}} [[Shangea|2004 Shenkong]] – Tully Chen<br />
*{{flagicon|Dezevau}} [[Dezevau|2006 Crescent Island City]] – Alberto Piermarini<br />
*{{flagicon|Shangea}} [[Shangea|2010 Baiqiao]] – Matteo Dahlman<br />
*{{flagicon|Gaullica}} [[Gaullica|2012 Rayenne]] – Tanesa Eubank (1)<br />
*{{flagicon|Satucin}} [[Satucin|2014 Gatôn]] – Dewan Jarrett<br />
*{{flagicon|Scovern}} [[Scovern|2016 Linå]] – Tanesa Eubank (2)<br />
*{{flagicon|Caldia}} [[Caldia|2018 Spálgleann]] – Vinebaldo Ciccarelli<br />
*{{flagicon|Soravia}} [[2020 Winter Invictus Games|2020 Ulan Khol]] – Neiva Cappa<br />
*{{flagicon|Gaullica}} [[2022 Summer Invictus Games|2022 Verlois]] – Nellie Dorsey<br />
*{{flagicon|Caldia}} [[Caldia|2024 Invertwinc]] – ''future event''<br />
*{{flagicon|Ansan}} [[2026 Summer Invictus Games|2026 Sindae]] – ''future event''<br />
{{Nations at the Invictus Games}}<br />
[[Category:Sports in Imagua and the Assimas]]<br />
[[Category:Nations at the Invictus Games]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Imagua_and_the_Assimas_at_the_Invictus_Games&diff=773924Imagua and the Assimas at the Invictus Games2024-02-29T18:20:11Z<p>Luziyca: /* Winter */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{infobox country at games<br />
| NOC = IMA<br />
| NOCname = [[Imagua and the Assimas#Sports|Imagua Invictus Committee]]<br />
| games = Invictus Games<br />
| year = <br />
| flagcaption = <br />
| oldcode = <br />
| website = <br />
| location = <br />
| competitors = <br />
| sports = <br />
| flagbearer =<br />
<br />
| rank = <br />
| gold = 5<br />
| silver = 5 <br />
| bronze = 6<br />
| officials = <br />
| appearances = <br />
| app_begin_year = <br />
| app_end_year = <br />
| summerappearances = [[Cassier|1938]] '''·''' {{font color|grey|1942}} '''·''' [[Estmere|1950]] '''·''' [[Eldmark|1954]] '''·''' [[Senria|1958]] '''·''' [[Ardesia|1962]] '''·''' [[Soravia|1966]] '''·''' [[Senria|1970]] '''·''' [[Rizealand|1974]] '''·''' [[Werania|1978]] '''·''' [[Ansan|1982]] '''·''' [[Cassier|1986]] '''·''' [[Senria|1990]] '''·''' [[Kirenia|1994]] '''·''' [[Etruria|1998]] '''·''' [[Satavia|2002]] '''·''' [[Dezevau|2006]] '''·''' [[Shangea|2010]] '''·''' [[Satucin|2014]] '''·''' [[Caldia|2018]] '''·''' ''[[2022 Summer Invictus Games|2022]]''<br />
| winterappearances = [[Cassier|1988]] '''·''' [[Shangea|1992]] '''·''' [[Caldia|1996]] '''·''' [[Senria|2000]] '''·''' [[Shangea|2004]] '''·''' [[Cassier|2008]] '''·''' [[Gaullica|2012]] '''·''' [[Scovern|2016]] '''·''' [[2020 Winter Invictus Games|2020]] '''·''' ''[[2024 Winter Invictus Games|2024]]''<br />
}}<br />
'''[[Imagua and the Assimas]]''' first competed at the [[Invictus Games]] at the [[Cassier|1938 Invictus Games]] in [[Nouvelle-Rayenne]] as Imagua. After making its initial appearance, it did not participate in the [[Etruria|1942 Invictus Games]] in [[Vicalvi]], due to distance from Imagua and the high costs of transporting athletes. It would only begin participating as Imagua and the Assimas at the [[Estmere|1950 Invictus Games]] in [[St. Avelines]]. Imagua would only compete in summer Invictus Games until the [[Cassier|1988 Winter Invictus Games]] in [[Bougainville]], [[Cassier]]. Since then, Imagua has competed in all editions of the summer and winter Invictus Games.<br />
<br />
The [[Imagua and the Assimas#Sports|Imaguan Invictus Committee]] is the organiser of all Imaguan Invictus teams, being established in 1935.<br />
<br />
==Medal tables==<br />
===Summer===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"<br />
|-<br />
!Games<br />
!Athletes<br />
|style="background:gold; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Gold<br />
|style="background:silver; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Silver<br />
|style="background:#cc9966; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Bronze<br />
!style="width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Total<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|1938 Nouvelle-Rayenne]] || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Etruria}} [[Etruria|1942 Vicalvi]] ||colspan=5| ''Did not participate''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Estmere}} [[Estmere|1950 St. Avelines]] || 7 || 0 || 0 || 1 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Eldmark}} [[Eldmark|1954 Hammarvik]] || 11 || 0 || 1 || 0 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|1958 Keisi]] || 9 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Ardesia}} [[Ardesia|1962 Rémont]] || 13 || 0 || 0 || 1 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Soravia|ZDR}} [[UPSR|1966 Patovatra]] || 16 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|1970 Tosei]] || 19 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Rizealand}} [[Rizealand|1974 Los Santos]] || 13 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Werania}} [[Werania|1978 Westbrücken]] || 10 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Ansan}} [[Ansan|1982 Ogbei]] || 6 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|1986 Sainte-Marie]] || 16 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|1990 Keisi]] || 7 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Kirenia}} [[Kirenia|1994 Harimisaareke]] || 12 || 0 || 0 || 1 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Etruria}} [[Etruria|1998 San Alessandro]] || 19 || 0 || 1 || 0 || '''1'''<br />
|- <br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Satavia}} [[Satavia|2002 Port Hope]] || 28 || 0 || 1 || 1 || '''2'''<br />
|- <br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Dezevau}} [[Dezevau|2006 Crescent Island City]] || 23 || 1 || 1 || 0 || '''2'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Shangea}} [[Shangea|2010 Baiqiao]] || 28 || 0 || 1 || 0 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Satucin}} [[Satucin|2014 Gatôn]] || 30 || 1 || 0 || 1 || '''2'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Caldia}} [[Caldia|2018 Spálgleann]] || 31 || 0 || 0 || 1 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Gaullica}} [[2022 Summer Invictus Games|2022 Verlois]] || 35 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Ansan}} [[2026 Summer Invictus Games|2026 Sindae]] || colspan=5| ''Future event''<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=2 |Total !! 5 !! 5 !! 6 !! 16<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Winter===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"<br />
|-<br />
!Games<br />
!Athletes<br />
|style="background:gold; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Gold<br />
|style="background:silver; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Silver<br />
|style="background:#cc9966; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Bronze<br />
!style="width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Total<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|1988 Bougainville]] || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Ansan}} [[Ansan|1992 Sangang]] || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Caldia}} [[Caldia|1996 Benbaun]] || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|2000 Ubeyama]] || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Shangea}} [[Shangea|2004 Shenkong]] || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|2008 Barnier]] || 7 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Gaullica}} [[Gaullica|2012 Rayenne]] || 6 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|2016 Ubeyama]] || 7 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Soravia}} [[2020 Winter Invictus Games|2020 Ulan Khol]] || 8 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Scovern}} [[2024 Winter Invictus Games|2024 Rimso-Nordfolden]] || 8 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=2 |Total !! 1 !! 0 !! 0 !! 0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===By sport===<br />
<br />
==Flagbearers==<br />
*{{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|1938 Nouvelle-Rayenne]] – Maurice O'Nunan<br />
*{{flagicon|Estmere}} [[Estmere|1950 St. Avelines]] – Thomas Holcombe (1)<br />
*{{flagicon|Eldmark}} [[Eldmark|1954 Hammarvik]] – Thomas Holcombe (2)<br />
*{{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|1958 Keisi]] – Douglas Handmer<br />
*{{flagicon|Ardesia}} [[Ardesia|1962 Rémont]] – Massimo Figliahans (1)<br />
*{{flagicon|Soravia|ZDR}} [[UPSR|1966 Patovatra]] – Massimo Figliahans (2)<br />
*{{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|1970 Tosei]] – Andrew Wood<br />
*{{flagicon|Rizealand}} [[Rizealand|1974 Los Santos]] – Ariele Teti<br />
*{{flagicon|Werania}} [[Werania|1978 Westbrücken]] – Tyrus Stephenson<br />
*{{flagicon|Ansan}} [[Ansan|1982 Ogbei]] – Barsaba Mirabito<br />
*{{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|1986 Sainte-Marie]] – Dominic Lague<br />
*{{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|1988 Bougainville]] – Den Svensson<br />
*{{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|1990 Keisi]] – Tirone Arcidiacono<br />
*{{flagicon|Ansan}} [[Ansan|1992 Sangang]] – Noemi Porretta<br />
*{{flagicon|Kirenia}} [[Kirenia|1994 Harimisaareke]] – Olivia Doggo<br />
*{{flagicon|Caldia}} [[Caldia|1996 Benbaun]] – Fawn Mure (1)<br />
*{{flagicon|Etruria}} [[Etruria|1998 San Alessandro]] – Alcino Di Leo<br />
*{{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|2000 Ubeyama]] – Fawn Mure (2)<br />
*{{flagicon|Satavia}} [[Satavia|2002 Port Hope]] – Sarah Minot<br />
*{{flagicon|Shangea}} [[Shangea|2004 Shenkong]] – Tully Chen<br />
*{{flagicon|Dezevau}} [[Dezevau|2006 Crescent Island City]] – Alberto Piermarini<br />
*{{flagicon|Shangea}} [[Shangea|2010 Baiqiao]] – Matteo Dahlman<br />
*{{flagicon|Gaullica}} [[Gaullica|2012 Rayenne]] – Tanesa Eubank (1)<br />
*{{flagicon|Satucin}} [[Satucin|2014 Gatôn]] – Dewan Jarrett<br />
*{{flagicon|Scovern}} [[Scovern|2016 Linå]] – Tanesa Eubank (2)<br />
*{{flagicon|Caldia}} [[Caldia|2018 Spálgleann]] – Vinebaldo Ciccarelli<br />
*{{flagicon|Soravia}} [[2020 Winter Invictus Games|2020 Ulan Khol]] – Neiva Cappa<br />
*{{flagicon|Gaullica}} [[2022 Summer Invictus Games|2022 Verlois]] – Nellie Dorsey<br />
*{{flagicon|Caldia}} [[Caldia|2024 Invertwinc]] – ''future event''<br />
*{{flagicon|Ansan}} [[2026 Summer Invictus Games|2026 Sindae]] – ''future event''<br />
{{Nations at the Invictus Games}}<br />
[[Category:Sports in Imagua and the Assimas]]<br />
[[Category:Nations at the Invictus Games]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Luziyca/Sandbox3&diff=771933User:Luziyca/Sandbox32024-02-25T21:05:11Z<p>Luziyca: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Northern Integration Scheme''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''Ukiuqtaqtumi ilaliujjiniq'') was a [[Surrow|Surrowese government]] program that lasted from 1953 until 1977. Instituted by [[President of Surrow|President]] [[Ted Fisher]], the Northern Integration Scheme's stated aims were to "assert Surrowese sovereignty" over [[Great Island]] and to "integrate the {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}} into the body politic." The program saw the relocation of around 5,000 {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}} to fixed settlements, where they faced substantial pressure to abandon their Itchalnu way of life and adopt Surrowese customs.<br />
<br />
(TBC)<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
[[File:Native_camp,_Pangnirtung,_Baffin_Island,_N.W.T.,_August_1931..jpg|250px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu camp near [[Port Lochlan]], August 1931]]<br />
[[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] has been a part of Surrow from the sixteenth century onward: while [[Northland County]] was created in 1563, it lacked any meaningful control over Great Island, with Northland County's seat being at [[Lombelon Bay]]. The first Auressian settlement on Great Island was only established in [[Port Lochlan]] in 1711 by the [[Rythene|Rytheneans]], but Port Lochlan only served as a seasonal settlement until 1733.<br />
<br />
Following the end of the Eleven Years War in 1759, the number of {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island increased, although the total Auressian population on the islands were less than 100 people during the summer months, and around 20 during the winter, mostly in Port Lochlan by 1800. In 1823, an official from [[Holcot Inlet]] reported that "outside of the nineteen outports, which depend both on the treacherous seas that we back on [[Holcot Island]] or even [[Kikik Island]] can only fear and on the generosity of the Itchalnu, there is no effective presence on the island."<br />
<br />
However, efforts to try and assert Rythenean control over the island during the nineteenth century were hampered due to the geography of Great Island, the harsh environment, and costs, which made it very difficult for permanent settlements to be established on the island. However, Kikik Island would be carved out of Northland County in 1869, with the county seat being subsequently moved to Port Lochlan.<br />
<br />
By 1901, the total population of the island according to the Surrowese census was 519 people scattered across twenty settlements, although the enumerators noted that "they were unable to fully count the natives outside of the settlements," and that if they did, "the real population of the island would be twice or thrice as high as it appears on the census."<br />
<br />
With the outbreak of the [[First Great War (Levilion)|First Great War]], fears that [[Tyrnica]] may try to attack Great Island led to the Surrowese government beginning to draft plans for "reinforcing the island and asserting Rythenean sovereignty over the island," with these plans including "establishing settlements for the natives to gravitate themselves towards." These plans would only begin to be implemented in 1915 after Surrow was granted self-government, with the first settlement under that plan being established in 1923 at [[Tuktooit Inlet]] in what is now [[Stoney County]], and followed by the establishment of [[Arvittiavak]] in 1931, with the intention of providing services to the northern Itchalnu populations, such as a school run by [[Perendism|Perendist]] missionaries and a general store that supplied imported goods from Holcot Island.<br />
<br />
However, these settlements, although modestly successful at attracting some Itchalnu to settle there, did not attract the hoped-for population growth, with the population of both settlements in 1931 being around 27 people who permanently lived in the settlements. This led to newly-elected [[Prime Minister of Surrow|Prime Minister]] [[Ted Fisher]] concluding in 1936 that "all the carrots in the world cannot entice the Natives on Great Island to give up on their way of life," and for Ted Fisher to begin planning the scheme.<br />
<br />
==Planning==<br />
In 1942, Ted Fisher's government released a {{wp|white paper}} on the state of Northland County and its "complete inability to exert control outside of the string of outports that line its coast." The white paper suggested that Northland County was "inviable" due to it covering "the entire breadth of Great Island" despite its population "only comprising of 650 people who live inside the law, and around five thousand Natives who live outside the laws of Surrow," and proposed abolishing the county in favour of [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]] that "would better manage those who live in the outports and in the interior than a county."<br />
<br />
However, the ongoing [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]] caused Ted Fisher's government to take little action on the report. Following the war's end in 1943, the Surrowese government began to conduct surveys in Northland County to document the local Itchalnu population and their annual migration patterns, to determine the best sites for new settlements, and to investigate the county government to determine any deficiencies that the existing county had. However, growing calls for Surrowese independence and the government's focus on negotiating with Rythene for full independence meant that these surveys would only be completed by 1951.<br />
<br />
That year, {{wp|palladium}} was discovered near [[Tulaktarvik|Stoney Harbour]] (present-day [[Tulaktarvik]]) by [[General Armaments]]. This added a greater sense of urgency, as Ted Fisher feared that the "presence of such abundant wealth" and Surrow's lack of effective control over most of Great Island would allow for other countries to establish settlements under the guise of {{wp|terra nullius}}.<br />
<br />
In response to the perceived threat, Ted Fisher would draft the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'' in 1952. The {{wp|omnibus bill}} divided Northland County into three improvement districts, pursuant to the 1942 white paper, which had different powers to [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Counties|counties]], and outlined the components of the [[#Program|Northern Integration Scheme]] in order to ensure that "Surrow can demonstrate its sovereignty over the entire Surrowese archipelago, including Great Island." While this legislation was opposed by [[Wes Anderson]], who left the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] to create the [[Northern Party (1949)|Northern Party]] to advocate for maintaining the status quo, the UPP majority was able to pass the bill into law, with the bill coming into effect on 1 April, 1953.<br />
<br />
==Program==<br />
===Registration===<br />
[[File:Man_registered_at_Port_Hentze.jpg|250px|thumb|right|An Itchalnu man holding up his registration number at [[Port Hentze]], 1953]]<br />
The first key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''registration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''atiliurvik''). This would register all the Itchalnu who "lived outside the {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island" as a {{wp|disc number|registration number}} ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''ujamiit''), with each number comprised of a letter corresponding to an improvement district, followed by a two digit number indicating the nearest settlement, followed by a three digit number identifying the individual (e.g. [[Central Improvement District|C]]01-043). These registration numbers were required to be displayed at all times by all Itchalnu assigned these numbers, with the Surrowese government providing discs that displayed their registration number to each person.<br />
<br />
As [[#Settlement|settlement]] progressed, Itchalnu who moved to the settlements and who previously had registration numbers were given Auressian-style names. In most circumstances, first names were based off of school records, while in cases where an Itchalnu person had never attended a school, they were assigned an Auressian-style forename by a bureaucrat. As Itchalnu never had surnames, some bureaucrats assigned Itchalnu Auressian-style surnames, while other bureaucrats would assign Itchalnu names that were rooted in the Itchalnu language. This process of assigning registration numbers was planned to take a period of three to four years, with the Auressian-style names to be given "as the Itchalnu continue to be integrated into the body politic" to replace their registration number.<br />
<br />
===Settlement===<br />
The second key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''settlement''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''nunaliit''). All Itchalnu who had been registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme would be encouraged to move to permanent settlements on the coasts of Great Island, with these settlements being designed to resemble {{wp|Newfoundland outports|Surrowese outports}} on [[Holcot Island]] and [[Kikik Island]]. The Itchalnu would be promised government benefits, better food than what they were able to acquire if they continued to live on the land, and better housing. <br />
<br />
After a one year grace period, if an Itchalnu who was registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme refused to move to a settlement, the Surrowese government would warn "refusants" that if they continued to refuse to move a settlement, they would have their children taken away from them, their dogs would be slaughtered so that they would not be able to continue living a nomadic existence, and they may be charged with trespassing on state land. After another one year grace period, those deemed refusants would be arrested by an officer from the [[Surrowese Constabulary]], their children taken away from them, and their dogs slaughtered, and transported to a settlement that the arresting officer decided upon.<br />
<br />
As part of the Northern Integration Scheme, in addition to the twenty-two settlements which existed prior to the Northern Integration Scheme, fourteen more were to be established in order to ensure that Itchalnu can "continue to live close to their ancestral lands as they begin to be integrated into the body politic." These settlements were expected to be built between 1953 and 1960, with four to be built in the Northern Improvement District, seven to be built in the Central Improvement District, and three in the Southern Improvement District.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation===<br />
The third key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''consolidation''' ({{wp|Inkutitut|Itchalnu}}: ''katiqsuqsimajut''). After all the Itchalnu have been settled into settlements, which was expected to take a six year period between 1954 and 1960, settlements that were deemed to be "prohibitively expensive" for the Surrowese government to provide services to would be declared unsustainable, and residents would be encouraged to move to sustainable settlements, which the government defined as a settlement with more than 150-200 people.<br />
<br />
The purpose of consolidation was to "avoid the mistakes of early settlement of Surrow" where the number of outports had proliferated, "through consolidating the number of settlements from thirty-six settlements to a more manageable number." Consolidation would also "ensure that when these improvement districts become counties, these settlements will be better able to remain sustainable in not just the final quarter of this century, but throughout the next century."<br />
<br />
===Personal integration===<br />
The fourth key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''personal integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''imminnuungajut ilaliujjiniq''), which would involve heavy investment into education, through the establishment of government-run schools that would replace the [[Perendism|Perendist]] mission schools, and through the establishment of {{wp|adult education}} programs targeting the Itchalnu.<br />
<br />
Ted Fisher said that "if we want the Natives on Great Island to become as Surrowese as the Tyrnican in [[Tuckamore County]] or the Rythenean in [[Disappointment County]], the government must take over education from the Perendist missionaries so that the Natives may learn how to live in the Surrow of today." The curriculum for the government-run schools would involve teaching the "values and mores of the body politic" and practical skills that were needed in "modern Surrowese society," such as literacy in {{wp|English language|Rythenean}}, mathematics, and science, so that when they graduated, they would become "fully integrated into Surrowese society."<br />
<br />
Adult education would focus on teaching Itchalnu both the values and mores of the broader Surrowese culture and practical skills so that they would "become a productive part of the modern Surrowese workforce" and allow them to have the skills needed to "function in today's Surrow, rather than the Surrow of yesterday." This would include teaching them Rythenean so that they could fully participate in society.<br />
<br />
Other parts of personal integration included imposing regulations on housing, with houses in the fourteen settlements being designed to be more like houses in Surrowese outports "to promote assimilation into the body politic"; a crackdown on traditional hunting and fishing practices that would "cause the Natives on Great Island to abandon civilisation," and restricting the number of dogs they could own to a "manageable number."<br />
<br />
===Political integration===<br />
The fifth and final key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''political integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''gavamalirinirmut ilaliujjiniq''). Due to [[Northland County]]'s lack of ability to exert control over Great Island, the county was to be abolished and divided into three [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]], which would have power over day-to-day operations of trial courts and determining whether a given settlement was sustainable or unsustainable. Each district would receive one member of [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]] from the [[Elections of Surrow#1954|1954 election]] onward.<br />
<br />
The improvement districts were planned to last for a minimum of twenty-one years from when the bill went into effect, with the ''Northern Integration Act'' saying that if any of the improvement districts reached a population over 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the relevant district(s) would be "considered fully integrated and should be given county status no later than 1 April, 1975, with all the responsibilities thereof." Government officials from the early 1950s expected that both the [[Central Improvement District]] and [[Iqittiniq District|Southern Improvement District]] would become counties by 1975, while it was expected that the [[Ukiuqtaqtuq District|Northern Improvement District]] "will never reach the population threshold to become a county."<br />
<br />
==Implementation==<br />
===Registration, settlement and consolidation===<br />
[[File:Settlement_at_Berentson_Harbour_1954.jpg|250px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu family being allocated a home in [[Berentson Harbour]], 1954]]<br />
Following the passage of the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'', the Surrowese government began immediately on registering the Itchalnu population living outside the settlements, even before the act went into effect. By 1956, the Ministry of Northern Integration "successfully registered every native who did not previously reside in any settlement," with 4,983 Itchalnu registered as part of the first component of the Northern Integration Scheme.<br />
<br />
In 1953, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme began to be implemented, with the fourteen settlements outlined in the Northern Integration Scheme beginning to be constructed. The houses built in the fourteen settlements proved to be ill-suited to the local climate, partially due to the houses being {{wp|prefabricated housing}} that were built as cheaply as possible in order to settle the Itchalnu into the settlements as quickly as possible, and because of the architecture of the Surrowese-style houses lacked the necessary insulation to keep the interior warm during the cold Great Island winters. In addition, the stores established in the settlements sold imported low-quality [[Albrennia|Albrennian]] food at what [[Charles Acklack]] said was "extortionate prices," with prices being "at least three times as high as in Holcot Inlet, and six times as in [[Sherborn]]."<br />
<br />
These factors, in addition to fears among the Itchalnu that they would lose their culture, meant that while the number of refusants only comprised 5%-10% of those who were resettled in 1953 and 1954, by 1959 and 1960, the proportion of refusants grew to around 60%-70% of those resettled in both of those years. Despite the proportion of refusants who wound up being forcefully resettled, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme was completed by 1960, with the Ministry of Northern Integration reporting that of the 5,119 registered people, 3,143 "voluntarily moved to settlements," while 1,976 refusants were relocated, either to Tulaktarvik, Port Lochlan, or Holcot Inlet.<br />
<br />
In 1960, the third component of the Northern Integration Scheme began, with two settlements in the Southern Improvement District being declared unsustainable. From the 1960s until the mid-1980s, all of the fourteen settlements built under the scheme, in addition to eighteen of the twenty-two settlements built prior to the scheme's inception were declared unsustainable, and residents of those settlements were encouraged to move to a sustainable settlement by closing schools, clinics, stores, and community centres in those settlements and refusing to provide more than basic emergency services to unsustainable settlement. Although the Surrowese government expected that most of those in the unsustainable settlements would "funnel down to the administrative centres of the improvement districts," most would move to Tulaktarvik due to economic opportunities.<br />
<br />
===Integration===<br />
The Northern Integration Scheme would bring about a radical change in education: from 1953 onward, the national government took control of all schools on Great Island from the Perendist missions, and began building new schools across the island. Most schools that were built as part of the Northern Integration Scheme were designed to only be {{wp|primary school|primary schools}}, with {{wp|secondary school|secondary schools}} only being built in [[Port Lochlan]] and [[Tulaktarvik]] to "further the integration of Native children into the body politic" and to save money. In order to further integration, virtually all schools on the island banned the use of {{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}} and the practice of Itchalnu culture. By 1964, virtually all children on Great Island attended school, although most children on Great Island were taught a basic vocational education.<br />
<br />
Although children's education was well-funded, adult education was rudimentary in comparison, with [[Charles Acklack]] saying that "all we were taught were how to speak Rythenean, how to maintain a 'modern home,' and how to use modern industrial equipment." Statistics from the Ministry of Northern Integration in 1970 reported that middle-aged Itchalnu and old-aged Itchalnu "lacked the skills necessary to participate in the Surrowese economy, even among those who entered the adult education programs," although it praised the increasing use of Rythenean as a "day-to-day language" among the Itchalnu in all three improvement districts.<br />
<br />
Other major policies designed to promote "personal integration" included the mass slaughter of dogs between 1954 and 1974 to prevent Itchalnu from using dogs to either hunt or for transportation, which Ted Fisher justified in 1956 as being "in the best interests of animal welfare;" forcing Itchalnu fishermen to get fishing licenses in order to fish in the seas surrounding Great Island, with these licenses conditional on Itchalnu fishermen adopting Surrowese fishing techniques, and instituting building codes for all housing that was similar to the building codes in other Surrowese communities.<br />
<br />
Politically, Northland County was dissolved in 1953 as was scheduled, with the three improvement districts being established. Although it was envisaged by the Surrowese government that the Central and Southern Improvement Districts would become counties by 1975, the development of the Tulaktarvik palladium mine and the establishment of government offices led to rapid population growth for the Central Improvement District due to more economic opportunities, while the Southern Improvement District's population declined between 1951 and 1971. Thus, as the Central Improvement District was the only improvement district to exceed 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the ''Stoney County Act'', passed in 1974, promoted the Central Improvement District to county status on 1 April, 1975, with the county adopting the name [[Stoney County]] on that date.<br />
<br />
==End of the program==<br />
[[File:Crosbie_1983-2.jpg|250px|thumb|right|President [[Griffith Davidson]], 1980]]<br />
While the Northern Integration Scheme had wide support in its early years from the United People's Party and from both the Workers' Party and the Fishermen's Protective Union, who merged into the [[Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists]] in 1965, after President [[Ian Withers]] lost the [[Elections in Surrow#1971|1971 general election]], [[Isaac Rosenhain]] commissioned a report on the Northern Integration Scheme's successes and shortcomings.<br />
<br />
In 1975, the report was released: although it praised the Northern Integration Scheme for "extending Surrowese sovereignty onto Great Island in a time when the discovery of palladium deposits made the island vulnerable to foreign intrigues," and the process of settling the Itchalnu into communities, and the process of consolidating unsustainable settlements, the report noted that:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>"''Certain aspects of the Northern Integration Scheme, such as forcing Itchalnu to adopt registration numbers because administrators could not or were unwilling to understand and pronounce Itchalnu names; prohibiting Itchalnu from hunting and fishing in accordance with their traditional customs; prohibiting the Itchalnu language from being spoken in educational institutions; constructing buildings that are poorly designed for the local climate, and charging imported food at an extortionate markup, call into question whether or not the methods used to integrate the Itchalnu into the body politic were heavy-handed''."</blockquote><br />
<br />
The report concluded that despite those flaws, the Northern Integration Scheme "accomplished virtually all of its goals," and recommended that the program be wound down while keeping the existing improvement districts with their powers as they are.<br />
<br />
President Isaac Rosenhain would begin the process of ending the Northern Integration Scheme, by passing legislation in late 1975 that permitted Itchalnu to be used in radio and television broadcasts for up to "an hour a day," and permitted schools to teach Itchalnu as a subject. However, Rosenhain's proposal to replace Surrowese outports with more centralised towns led to Rosenhain's ouster, with his successor, [[Griffin Davidson]], saying that "as he sought to end the Northern Integration Scheme on one hand, he sought to use one of its precepts to destroy the Surrowese way of life."<br />
<br />
In 1977, Griffin Davidson abolished the Ministry of Northern Integration, declaring that "the Itchalnu on Great Island have become an integral part of the Surrowese nation, and it is unjust to continue to treat the Itchalnu as children unable to decide their futures." Although the Ministry of Northern Integration was abolished, and the Northern Integration Scheme officially ended, certain aspects of the program continued under the guidance of the Ministry of Northern Development, namely the processes of political integration and consolidation, with one settlement, Kippenburg Inlet in present-day Iqittiniq District, declared to be unsustainable in 1998.<br />
<br />
Most of the final vestiges of the Northern Integration Scheme were abolished in 2015 under President [[Wyatt Martel]] as part of his vision to improve relations with the indigenous peoples of Surrow. The two improvement districts were renamed to districts, with the districts receiving increased powers over their own governance, and the district councils being mostly elected instead of being appointed by the central government. However, the districts still have the power to declare settlements unsustainable.<br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
*poverty high among Itchalnu<br />
*Itchalnu lost cultural traditions<br />
*centralising Itchalnu into settlements led to formation of [[United Itchalnu Organisation]], [[Northern Party (1971)|Northern Party]], and [[Nangiqpugut Utessit]] in 1970s and 1980s</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Ajeng%27s&diff=769271Ajeng's2024-02-20T21:19:57Z<p>Luziyca: /* Locations */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox company<br />
| name = Ajeng's<br />
| former_names = {{unbulleted list<br />
|Majoni Gamome (1919-1938)<br />
|Aunt Ajeng's Ganome (1938-1971)<br />
|Aunt Ajeng's (1971-1996)<br />
}} <br />
| logo = Ajeng's.png<br />
| logo_size = 220<br />
| logo_caption = Logo since 1996<br />
| type = {{wp|Public company}}<br />
| traded_as = <br />
| predecessor =<br />
| foundation = {{start date and age|1919}} in [[Bronstad]], [[Imagua]]<br />
| founder = {{unbulleted list<br />
|[[Bagas Majoni]] (founder of the restaurant)<br />
|[[Robert Majoni]] (founder of the chain)<br />
}}<br />
| hq_location_city = [[Cuanstad]]<br />
| hq_location_country = [[Imagua and the Assimas]]<br />
| num_locations = 1,673<br />
| num_locations_year = 2022<br />
| area_served = Worldwide (18 countries)<br />
| key_people = {{unbulleted list<br />
|[[John Majoni]] (Chair)<br />
|[[Jacob Olsson]] (CEO)<br />
|[[Dominic Barnwell]] (CFO)<br />
|[[Emmet Majoni]] (COO)<br />
}}<br />
| industry = {{wp|Fast food restaurant}}s<br />
| products = {{flatlist|<br />
*{{wp|Cakes}}<br />
*{{wp|Chicken nuggets}}<br />
*{{wp|Fritters}}<br />
*{{wp|Hot drinks}}<br />
*{{wp|Juice}}<br />
*{{wp|Pastries}}<br />
*{{wp|Pancakes}}<br />
*{{wp|Salads}}<br />
*{{wp|Sandwiches}}<br />
}}<br />
| revenue = TBD<br />
| parent = <br />
| homepage = ajengs.co.ia<br />
}}<br />
'''Ajeng's''' is an [[Imagua|Imaguan]]-based {{wp|fast food restaurant|fast food}} chain. Originating from a [[ganome]] in [[Bronstad]] that opened in 1919 by [[Bagas Majoni]], it would become a fast food chain in 1964 when Bagas' grandson, [[Robert Majoni]] opened a second location in Bronstad, and followed it up with opening a location in [[Cuanstad]] in 1966. Under Robert Majoni's leadership, Ajeng's would grow into a multinational fast food chain, opening its first location in 1979 in [[Port de la Sainte]], [[Sainte-Chloé]].<br />
<br />
As of 2023, Ajeng's has around 1,700 locations in eighteen countries, primarily in the [[Arucian]] region and in eastern [[Euclea]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Origins===<br />
[[File:Aunt_Ajeng.png|250px|thumb|left|Aunt Ajeng's Ganome, [[Bronstad]], {{circa|1941}}]]<br />
In 1919, [[Bagas Majoni]], a son of a gowsa labourer who moved to [[Bronstad]], opened a [[ganome]] known as the Majoni Ganome. Due to the ganome's position near the railway station, and its location on the main road linking [[Nua Taois]] and [[Cuanstad]], the ganome became successful as it catered to both local [[Coian-Imaguans]] and to travellers. After Bagas Majoni died of tuberculosis in 1925, as Bagas' sons were uninterested in taking over the ganome, his daughter, [[Ajeng Majoni]], took over the ganome, who would add more "[[Imagua and the Assimas#Cuisine|local food]]" to help increase customer traffic.<br />
<br />
In the aftermath of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], Ajeng would remodel the ganome, and in 1938 renamed the Majoni Ganome to Aunt Ajeng's Ganome to reflect both the more popular name, and to make the ganome feel "more inviting" to potential customers. Ajeng Majoni would continue operating the ganome until her death in 1960, with her nephew, [[Robert Majoni]] taking over as owner of Aunt Ajeng's Ganome.<br />
<br />
Robert Majoni, hearing of [[Munchies]]' "assembly-line process," began to experiment with creating a similar process to assemble the food he served at the ganome. While initially continuing to serve the same food that Ajeng had served, Robert would reduce the number of items served at Aunt Ajeng's Ganome, until by 1961 the only food items still being served at Aunt Ajeng's Ganome were {{wp|congee}}, {{wp|cou-cou}}, {{wp|fish tea}}, {{wp|Jamaican patties|Imaguan patties}}, {{wp|Dadar gulung|pandan}}, {{wp|spiced fruit salad}}, {{wp|Bulla cake|sweetbread}}, and {{wp|Vada (food)|wada}}.<br />
<br />
By 1962, Robert Majoni began plans to build a location closer to the [[Imaguan Motorway]] in order to "continue serving travellers in the new style." After securing a loan in 1963, he was able to begin construction on a "modern ganome" with architecture reflecting a Rizean {{wp|diner}}. In late 1963, Aunt Ajeng's Ganome was formally incorporated under Imaguan law.<br />
<br />
===Early years and growth===<br />
On 6 January, 1964, Aunt Ajeng's Ganome opened its new store in Bronstad. Unlike the original location, the second location "was more of a [[Rizealand|Rizean]] diner than a traditional ganome," with the location being "clean, modern, and welcoming," while ample parking allowed "more consumers to stop by, eat, and leave" than the original location. From the start, the location became very successful.<br />
<br />
The success of the new location led to Robert Majoni beginning to eye a location in Cuanstad, seeing it as "the next logical step." Thus, from mid-1964 onward, Majoni scouted in search of a location that was "close to a motorway" yet close enough to Cuanstad to guarantee "reliable customer traffic." However, in early 1965, during a business trip to Cuanstad, he dined at [[Irwin Nagabagi]]'s ganome "just off the Altaithe-Cuanstad motorway." When Nagabagi disclosed he was struggling to keep his ganome afloat, Majoni offered to buy the location as he was looking to set up another location for his "new style of ganome." After the deal was signed, Majoni purchased the adjacent building so he could demolish both buildings and create a "facsimile of the Bronstad location," which opened in 1966, bringing the number of Aunt Ajeng's Ganomes to three.<br />
<br />
The following year, Majoni opened two more locations: one in [[Nua Taois]], and one in [[Hochester, Imagua and the Assimas|Hochester]]. In 1968, the original Aunt Ajeng's Ganome was closed, with the building being converted into the company headquarters. By 1970, Aunt Ajeng's Ganome had reached ten locations: two in Cuanstad, and one each in [[Altaithe]], Bronstad, [[Bridgetown, Imagua and the Assimas|Bridgetown]], [[Colton, Imagua and the Assimas|Colton]], [[Evertsgard, Imagua and the Assimas|Evertsgard]], [[Hedmenstad]], [[Knowleston, Imagua and the Assimas|Knowleston]], and [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|San Pietro]].<br />
<br />
In 1971, Robert Majoni would shorten Aunt Ajeng's Ganome to Aunt Ajeng's, as "it was shorter to fit on signs" and to "stop people from accusing [him] of driving the local ganome out of business." In 1972, he signed his first franchising agreement, allowing Irwin Nagabagi to operate several Aunt Ajeng's in Cuanstad, including Nagabagi's old ganome. This was quickly followed by other agreements. This led to significant growth for Aunt Ajeng's, and in 1978, it opened its first foreign location, when it opened a store in [[Port de la Sainte]], [[Sainte-Chloé]]. In 1982, Aunt Ajeng's opened its first location in [[Bonaventura]], with a location in [[Sermoni]]. During the 1980s, Aunt Ajeng's would continue to expand throughout the region, with (TBD). By 1990, Aunt Ajeng's had a presence across the Arucian, with (TBD).<br />
<br />
===Contemporary era===<br />
In 1991, Robert Majoni died of a sudden heart attack, leading to his son, [[John Majoni]], taking over the company. John Majoni would take the company public in April 1993 on the [[Cuanstad Stock Exchange]], with Aunt Ajeng's opening its first ever [[Euclea|Euclean]] location in [[Morwall]] in November 1993. Contrary to the expectations of Ajeng's management, it proved to be wildly successful, leading to Estmere quickly becoming one of Aunt Ajeng's largest markets, and the largest market outside of the Arucian region. <br />
<br />
In 1996, John Majoni would rename Aunt Ajeng's to Ajeng's, as it sought to "rebrand its image" from being "merely a fast food restaurant" to being "a true ganome-like experience." As part of John Majoni's rebranding efforts, the dining areas of all Ajeng's restaurants were converted from the "Rizean-style diner" that had been implemented under Robert Majoni's tenure to a more "organic form" in the late 1990s. In 1998, Ajeng's moved its headquarters from Bronstad to Cuanstad, and the original ganome would be restored into a ganome owned by Ajeng's, named [[#AuthentiCITY|AuthentiCITY]], with AuthentiCITY opening its first location in 2000 in Bronstad at the original ganome. While growth slowed in the 2000s, particularly in the aftermath of the [[Recession of 2005]], Ajeng's continued to thrive during the 2000s.<br />
<br />
During the 2010s, Ajeng's growth slowed, and in 2014, John Majoni was pushed out as chief executive officer in favour of [[Jacob Olsson]], with Olsson becoming the first person not of the Majoni family to have a significant leadership position in the company. Under Olsson's tenure as managing director, Olsson has shifted control of Ajeng's away from the Majoni family, with John's brother, [[Dave Majoni]], retiring from his position as chief financial officer in 2017, and being replaced with [[Dominic Barnwell]] as chief financial officer.<br />
<br />
In 2021, following the [[2020 eruption of Mount Micchiano]], Ajeng's took the opportunity to permanently shutter the Bronstad AuthentiCITY location, citing "long-term unprofitability" and a desire to focus only on Ajeng's. The original building was subsequently sold to a developer, ending "over a century of ties" to the original ganome.<br />
<br />
==Organisation==<br />
Ajeng's was originally a {{wp|family business}} among the [[Majoni family]], with the head of the family often heading the company. However, since Ajeng's went public on the [[Cuanstad Stock Exchange]] in 1993, the Majoni family's influence has been waning in the company, with the Majoni family now only owning 48% of the company, with 31% of the company being owned by TBD, and the remaining 21% of the company being owned by various shareholders.<br />
<br />
As of 2023, the four main people at Ajeng's {{wp|board of directors}} are [[John Majoni]], who served as {{wp|chairman}} of the company board of directors since 1991, and who previously served as CEO from 1991 until 2014; [[Jacob Olsson]], who has served as {{wp|chief executive officer}} since 2014; [[Dominic Barnwell]], who has served as {{wp|chief financial officer}} since 2017, and [[Emmet Majoni]], who has served as {{wp|chief operating officer}} since 2011. In total, the board of directors comprises of nine people, with the five remaining members overseeing various aspects of Ajeng's operations.<br />
<br />
Ajeng's headquarters was originally in [[Bronstad]] from its inception as a ganome in 1919 until 1996, when it moved to its current location in the Cuanstad borough of [[Hochester, Imagua and the Assimas|Hochester]].<br />
<br />
Most Ajeng's restaurants are operated by {{wp|franchising|franchises}}, with Ajeng's itself only operating 41 stores.<br />
<br />
===AuthentiCITY===<br />
The only subsidiary Ajeng's had was '''AuthentiCITY'''. Conceived in 1998, AuthentiCITY was designed to be a {{wp|fast casual restaurant}} to provide consumers with a "ganome experience." Unlike Ajeng's, which has a [[#Products|limited menu]], AuthentiCITY's menu is more expansive, partially as it wants to have "the breadth of food and drink available at a traditional ganome" and partially because it was designed to serve as a {{wp|test kitchen}} for Ajeng's for future menu items.<br />
<br />
In 2000, AuthentiCITY opened its first location at the original Bagas'/Aunt Ajeng's Ganome in Bronstad, with its interior being "an exact replica of how it would've looked like in 1955" during Ajeng Majoni's ownership. Moderately successful, it was followed with a location in Cuanstad in 2002, and San Pietro in 2004. However, AuthentiCITY was greatly affected by the Recession of 2005, and both the Cuanstad and San Pietro locations closed in 2006, leaving only the original Bronstad location in operation.<br />
<br />
AuthentiCITY was seen as being unprofitable, with John Majoni admitting in 2013 that the only people who would go to AuthentiCITY in Bronstad were "tourists who wanted to learn more about the history of Ajeng's" and "schoolchildren on field trips," and after Jacob Olsson became CEO, speculation emerged as to its long term future. In 2021, the AuthentiCITY location in Bronstad was closed due to "long-term unprofitability," and a desire to only focus on Ajeng's. The test kitchen has since been moved to an unspecified Ajeng's location on Imagua.<br />
<br />
==Restaurants==<br />
[[File:Hans_im_Glück_Gastraum.jpeg|250px|thumb|left|Interior of an Ajeng's restaurant, 2020]]<br />
Since Robert Majoni's decision to transform Aunt Ajeng's Ganome from a singular ganome into a fast food chain, the layout of all Ajeng's locations has generally been identical with one another. Until 1996, the interiors of all Ajeng's restaurants were all designed to be clean and modern, with the restaurants resembling a Rizean-style diner. However, in 1996, Ajeng's would renovate the dining areas of all its restaurants to be more organic and to be more like a ganome in style. The kitchens still resemble diner kitchens, with the food being cooked "in full view" of customers.<br />
<br />
Older Ajeng's restaurants have an area of around 56 square metres (600 square feet), or a similar area to a diner. However, since the 1970s, the average area of an Ajeng's restaurants is around 418 square metres (4,500 square feet), with the surrounding parking lot present in most Ajeng's restaurants being around three to four times larger than the restaurant itself. However, some restaurants in dense urban areas lack parking spaces, particularly in areas without parking minimums. In addition, many Ajeng's restaurants, particularly those built since the early 1980s in suburban and rural areas have a {{wp|drive-through}}, with the first opening in 1982 in [[Bloomburg, Imagua and the Assimas|Bloomburg]] near the [[Thorebourne Naval Base]].<br />
<br />
Ajeng's restaurants are closed on Sundays: this traces back to Imagua's long-standing ban on {{wp|Sunday shopping|Sunday trading}}, but also to the religious views of the Majoni family, with John Majoni saying in 1994 that "the Lord's Day is meant to be a day of rest; a day for mental cultivation, and a day to spend with family," and said that "even if Sunday trading were legalised in Imagua, none of our stores will ever be open on Sundays, under any circumstance." In addition, all Ajeng's locations are closed on the Easter weekend (from {{wp|Good Friday}} to {{wp|Easter Monday|Paschal Monday}}) and on {{wp|Christmas|Nativity}}. On all other days of the week, Ajeng's locations are generally open from 6 am until 10 pm, although some locations open earlier and close later, with a handful being open for 24 hours from 6 am on Monday or the day after Paschal Monday or Nativity until 10 pm on Saturday or on the day before Good Friday or Nativity.<br />
<br />
===Products===<br />
[[File:MISC_Bake_&_Shark.jpg|250px|thumb|right|An Ajeng's {{wp|bake and shark}}]]<br />
Ajeng's main specialty is [[Imagua and the Assimas#Cuisine|Imaguan cuisine]], with the primary foods being sold at Ajeng's including {{wp|bake and shark}}, {{wp|Jamaican patties|Imaguan patties}}, {{wp|jerk (cooking)|jerked}} or {{wp|Brown stew chicken|stewed}} {{wp|chicken nuggets}}, {{wp|dadar gulung|pandan}}, {{wp|Rojak|spiced fruit salad}}, {{wp|Bulla cake|sweetbread}}, and {{wp|Vada (food)|wada}}, with {{wp|Potato wedges|potato wedges}} being a common side dish. Beverages sold at Ajeng's include {{wp|coffee}}, {{wp|hot chocolate}}, {{wp|tea}}, {{wp|water}}, {{wp|lemonade}}, {{wp|sugarcane juice|non-alcoholic rum}}, [[Frisk]] sodas, and {{wp|orange juice}}. Other {{wp|soft drinks}} used to be sold until 2015, when they were removed from the menu due to the "health risks posed by consumption of soft drinks."<br />
<br />
Unlike many other fast food chains, Ajeng's does not offer regionalised food products in any of its markets, as it would "undermine the Arucian character of the restaurant," with John Majoni saying in 2003 that "if you ever ate [[Top Dog]] {{wp|sushi|susi}} in [[Senria]], then you will understand why Ajeng's will never make new products just to appeal to foreign tastes in foreign markets."<br />
<br />
All Ajeng's products are served on a plastic tray with metal cutlery if consumed inside the restaurant, or in cardboard containers with plastic cutlery if it is a take-out. Take-out orders are done either by ordering at a restaurant counter or via a drive-through in locations with drive-throughs, although in some countries, such as [[Estmere]], Ajeng's orders can be delivered via an {{wp|Online food ordering|online}} {{wp|meal delivery service}} to the customer's home.<br />
<br />
===Locations===<br />
As of 2023, Ajeng's has around 1,700 locations across eighteen countries. Most of Ajeng's locations are in and around the Arucian region, with around 900 locations in the member states of the [[Arucian Cooperation Organization]], and a further 400 locations in the surrounding countries of the [[Arucian Sea]]. Of the remaining 400 locations, most of them are in eastern [[Euclea]], primarily in areas with sizable Arucian communities.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Country !! Locations !! Year entered<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Asterian Federative Republic}} || 27 || 1996<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Bonaventura}} || 131 || 1982<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon|Borland (Kylaris)}} [[Borland (Kylaris)|Borland]]|| 2 || 2019<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Carucere}} || 31 || 1986<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Eldmark}} || 38 || 1987<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Estmere}} || 209 || 1993<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Île d'Émeraude}} || 104 || 1984<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Imagua and the Assimas}} || 101 || 1919<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Sainte-Chloé}} || 231 || 1978<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Satavia}} || 16 || 1997<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Marketing==<br />
After Ajeng's became a chain restaurant in 1964, it would begin to invest in marketing. Initially, it would promote itself through newspaper advertising, but in 1966, it would start airing radio ads, with radio jingles promoting Aunt Ajeng's Ganome as "a ganome away from home." In 1971, after it changed its name from Aunt Ajeng's Ganome to Aunt Ajeng's, it would introduce its first television ads, depicting an animated Aunt Ajeng, who was voiced in {{wp|English language|Estmerish}} by [[Emily Divakaruni]], and in {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}} by [[Ianira Misra]], as a mother figure who would present the food "just like your grandmother would," before telling viewers to ask for Aunt Ajeng's.<br />
<br />
These ads continued to be played until the [[Recession of 1980]], when Aunt Ajeng's updated their ad campaign, with Aunt Ajeng being asked by a family how she was able to cook such good meals: Aunt Ajeng replied that she was able to get a good deal from the people she got her food from, and wanted everyone else to get a good deal on her food. While the slogan attached to the ad campaign would become the company's official slogan, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Aunt Ajeng's launched several more ad campaigns, with these campaigns generally targetted towards families trying to decide on what to eat.<br />
<br />
In 1996, with the rebranding of Aunt Ajeng's to Ajeng's, the Aunt Ajeng character was permanently retired due to "changing tastes," and a new ad campaign was launched, depicting a truck driver on the road and yearning to go back home to [[Altaithe]]: he stops at an Ajeng's and it cures his homesickness before the cashier tells the truck driver that there's "always a taste of home no matter where you are." Since 1996, ad campaigns have generally been focused on the "weary and homesick traveller" wanting to eat something that reminded them of home, although the settings and themes of the campaign have changed since 1996.<br />
<br />
===Slogans===<br />
*'''1971-1980''': ''Don't ask for grandma: ask for Aunt Ajeng's''<br />
*'''1980-1996''': ''Always a good deal for a good meal''<br />
*'''1996-present''': ''Always a taste of Home no matter where you are''<br />
<br />
==Controversies==<br />
===Impact on ganomes===<br />
Ajeng's has garnered substantial controversy for its impact on ganomes in Imagua and in other countries: in 1969, Ajeng's was sued by [[Dale Raharjo]], who alleged that what was then Aunt Ajeng's Ganome was engaging in {{wp|unfair business practices}} by presenting itself as a ganome despite being "more of a fast food restaurant than a ganome." Although the lawsuit was dismissed as frivolous in 1970, constant criticism forced Aunt Ajeng's Ganome to rename itself to Aunt Ajeng's in 1971.<br />
<br />
Despite no longer referring to itself as a ganome, Ajeng's has been accused of driving traditional ganomes out of business, with [[Mishti Pulugurtha]] observing that Ajeng's offers food and beverages at a "significantly lower price," which makes people more likely to dine at Ajeng's rather than at a local ganome, while Ajeng's ability to secure better deals from suppliers makes it "substantially harder for local ganomes to compete with chains like Ajeng's."<br />
<br />
In addition, Ajeng's decision to establish [[#AuthentiCITY|AuthentiCITY]] in 2000 was criticised by the [[Association of Imaguan Ganomes]] as threatening the existence of the traditional ganomes, with the Association of Imaguan Ganomes comparing AuthentiCITY to "a wolf in sheep's clothing."<br />
<br />
[[Category:Economy of Imagua and the Assimas]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Land_of_blue_seas,_land_of_green_hills&diff=769060Land of blue seas, land of green hills2024-02-20T06:25:21Z<p>Luziyca: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox anthem<br />
|transcription = Terra di mari azzurri, terra di verdi colline<br>Landwa hawet, landwa kulle<br />
|image = <br />
|caption = <br />
|prefix = National<br />
|country = {{flag|Imagua and the Assimas}}<br />
|author = [[Joseph Sedgewick]] ({{wp|English language|Estmerish}}), 1937<br/>[[Evaldo Faillace]] ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}), 1952<br />
|composer = [[Samuel Barry]]<br />
|music_date = 1898<br />
|adopted = 1937<br />
|sound =<br />
|sound_title =<br />
}}<br />
'''[http://nationalanthems.info/lc.mp3 Land of blue seas, land of green hills]''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Terra di mari azzurri, terra di verdi colline'', [[Western Imaguan Creole]]: ''Landwa hawet, landwa kulle'') is the national anthem of [[Imagua and the Assimas]], being adopted when the [[Constitution of Imagua and the Assimas]] was promulgated in 1937. Written by [[Joseph Sedgewick]] in 1937, it was set to the melody of a hymn composed in the 1890s to celebrate the [[Colony of Imagua]] being granted self-government by [[Estmere]].<br />
<br />
It has remained the national anthem of Imagua and the Assimas unchanged, although an {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian language}} translation by [[Evaldo Faillace]] was recognized in 1952. It is only officially performed in {{wp|English language|Estmerish}} and Vespasian, especially in schools, government events, and on television and radio, although in unofficial settings, it is not uncommon for it to be performed in [[Western Imaguan Creole]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The first official anthem of the [[Colony of Imagua]] was ''{{wp|God save the King}}'', the national anthem of the [[Kingdom of Estmere]]. While after 1892, when the island was granted self-government, there were calls to adopt a local anthem to distinguish the colony from Estmere, successive [[Prime Minister of Imagua and the Assimas|Premiers]] generally ignored these calls, as they were deemed to be irrelevant issues.<br />
<br />
After the end of the Kingdom of Estmere, the anthem was changed to ''{{wp|And did those feet in ancient time}}'', as it was adopted as the Estmerish anthem. By that time, calls for a new local anthem grew louder, with a melody of a patriotic song orchestrated by [[Samuel Barry]] in the 1890s to celebrate Imagua being granted self-government. Thus, in 1937, the melody was adopted, with [[Joseph Sedgewick]]'s lyrics to the song being adopted.<br />
<br />
After the annexation of the [[Assimas Islands]] after the [[Solarian War]], calls were made to have an {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}} version of the anthem be recognized alongside the {{wp|Estmerish language|Estmerish}} lyrics, in order to include the Assimans. Thus, in 1952, [[Evaldo Faillace]] was asked to translate the song into Vespasian: after the translation was done, it was formally recognised in 1953.<br />
<br />
==Lyrics==<br />
===Estmerish lyrics===<br />
{|class="toccolours" cellpadding="10" rules="cols"<br />
!Estmerish !! Western Imaguan Creole<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2" bgcolor="coral" |First verse<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
May the {{wp|God|good Lord}} bless [[Imagua (island)|our island]]<br><br />
Of plenty that gave us birth!<br><br />
Land of [[West Arucian Sea|blue seas]], land of [[Imagua (island)#Geography|green hills]]<br><br />
Richest soil of all the earth!<br><br />
May we say within our hymn<br><br />
{{wp|Isaiah 40|Nothing before Him}}!<br><br />
|<br />
Walsinga Kud dewa wi er<br><br />
Kot wimiket hode!<br><br />
Landwa hawet, landwa kulle<br><br />
Sakun likupu!<br><br />
Alenka wa wi-olema<br><br />
Lubalaken demalati!<br> <br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2" bgcolor="coral" |Second verse<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
From the [[Cuanstad|city]], first on [[Asterias|this land]]<br><br />
First in honour, first in heart!<br><br />
Ever loyal to these islands<br><br />
Never shall we ever depart!<br><br />
From these lands of great beauty<br><br />
We must all do our duty!<br><br />
|<br />
Distadin, landwa aban<br><br />
Ala aban, aniki aban!<br><br />
Mayini wa-eli<br><br />
Sal wialdik nudun!<br><br />
Weileti landi<br><br />
Wa widasi!<br><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vespasian lyrics===<br />
{|class="toccolours" cellpadding="10" rules="cols"<br />
!Vespasian !! Estmerish translation<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2" bgcolor="coral" |First verse<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
Insieme, giuriamo<br><br />
su Dio per l'unità!<br><br />
Di queste isole di mare,<br><br />
Assime e Imagua!<br><br />
Natura ora guarisce,<br><br />
viviamo in pace!<br />
|<br />
Together we swear to<br> <br />
{{wp|God}} for unity!<br><br />
Of these islands of the [[West Arucian Sea|sea]]<br><br />
[[Assimas Islands|the Assimas]] and [[Imagua (island)|Imagua]]!<br><br />
Nature is now healing<br><br />
For we live in peace!<br><br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2" bgcolor="coral" |Second verse<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
Due città separate<br><br />
da tempo sono ora una!<br><br />
Siamo passati dalle<br><br />
battaglie alla fratellanza!<br><br />
Vedremo una nuova alba<br><br />
di speranza, di libertà!<br><br />
|<br />
[[Cuanstad|Two]] [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|cities]] long separated<br><br />
Are now united as one!<br><br />
We have gone [[Solarian War|from battles]]<br><br />
[[Imagua and the Assimas|to brotherhood]]!<br><br />
We shall see a brand new dawn<br><br />
of hope, of liberty!<br><br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:National symbols of Imagua and the Assimas]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=O_Plough_of_the_Heavens&diff=769059O Plough of the Heavens2024-02-20T06:24:45Z<p>Luziyca: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox anthem<br />
|transcription = O Plough of the Heavens<br />
|english_title =<br />
|image = <br />
|caption = <br />
|prefix = National<br />
|country = {{flag|Surrow}}<br />
|author = [[Donnie Altman]], 1884<br>[[William Boyle]], 1953<br />
|composer = [[Donnie Altman]]<br />
|music_date = 1884<br />
|adopted = 24 June, 1953<br />
|predecessor = <br />
|successor =<br />
|sound =<br />
|sound_title =<br />
}}<br />
'''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjA4QWkJAp8 O Plough of the Heavens]''' is the {{wp|national anthem}} of [[Surrow]]. First written and composed by [[Donnie Altman]] in 1884, it was initially written as a prayer for fisherman to return home to the Surrowese archipelago safely. However, the song quickly became the {{wp|de-facto}} national anthem of Surrow.<br />
<br />
After Surrow gained independence from [[Rythene]] in 1950, the Surrowese government dithered on whether or not to adopt ''O Plough of the Heavens'' as the country's national anthem, as many legislators did not feel the anthem as it stood was "suitable enough" to become the Surrowese anthem. In 1952, [[William Boyle]] was asked by the Surrowese government to write a second verse, with the government asking Boyle that the verse emphasise the virtues of courageousness, freedom, and unity. Boyle would accept the task, and in January 1953, he presented his addition to Altman's first verse. The government would approve of it, and it officially became the national anthem on 24 June, 1953.<br />
<br />
==Lyrics==<br />
{|class="toccolours" align=center cellpadding="10" rules="cols"<br />
!Rythenean<br />
!Tyrnican<br />
!Rythenean translation<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="3" bgcolor="coral" |First verse<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
O {{wp|Big Dipper|Plough of the Heavens}}<br><br />
Guide us to our homeland<br><br />
O'er the waves to the northland<br><br />
With our mighty old hand<br><br />
Towards the Surrows!<br><br />
Towards the Surrows!<br><br />
|<br />
Führe uns nach Hause<br><br />
O Großer Wagen<br><br />
Zu den Inseln, die wir lieben<br><br />
Mit zehntausend Fischen<br><br />
Und sicherem Segeln!<br><br />
Und sicherem Segeln!<br><br />
|<br />
Lead us home<br><br />
O Big Dipper<br><br />
To the islands we love<br><br />
With ten thousand fish<br><br />
And safe sailing!<br><br />
And safe sailing!<br><br />
|-<br />
!colspan="3" bgcolor="coral" |Second verse <br />
|-<br />
|<br />
O brothers and sisters<br><br />
Who comingle from the sea<br><br />
Courageous we shall ever be<br><br />
We shall always be free<br><br />
On the Surrow Islands!<br><br />
On the Surrow Islands!<br><br />
|<br />
Steht auf, Brüder und Schwestern!<br><br />
Von allen Völkern und Kulturen<br><br />
Wir geloben, mutig zu sein<br><br />
Und immer frei zu sein<br><br />
Solange wir hier leben!<br><br />
Solange wir hier leben!<br><br />
|<br />
Arise, brothers and sisters!<br><br />
Of all peoples and cultures<br><br />
We vow to be brave<br><br />
And to always be free<br><br />
So long as we live here!<br><br />
So long as we live here!<br><br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Surrow]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Sotirian_Defence_Party_(Imagua)&diff=768770Sotirian Defence Party (Imagua)2024-02-19T20:12:37Z<p>Luziyca: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox political party<br />
|name = Sotirian Defence Party of Imagua and the Assimas<br />
|native_name = Partito di Difesa Sotiriano di Imagua e Assime<br />
|logo = [[File:ImaguaNationals.png|200px]]<br />
|colorcode = #0000ff<br />
|founded = 1997<br />
|split = [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]<br />
|headquarters = [[Cuanstad]], [[Imagua and the Assimas]]<br />
|leader = [[Edgar Redmond Keswick]]<br />
|youth_wing = Youth for the Sotirian Defence<br />
|ideology = {{wpl|Conservatism}}<br />
|position = {{wpl|Far-right politics|Far-right}}<br />
|national = <br />
|colors = {{colorbox|#0000ff}} Blue<br />
|symbol = <br />
|seats1_title = [[Legislative Council of Imagua and the Assimas|Legislative Council]]<br />
|seats1 = {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|0|19|#0000ff}}<br />
|seats2_title = [[Chamber of Commons of Imagua|Chamber of Commons]]<br />
|seats2 = {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|0|70|#0000ff}}<br />
|seats3_title = County Council<br />
|seats3 = {{Template:Infobox political party/seats|2|261|#0000ff}}<br />
|website = <br />
|country = Imagua and the Assimas<br />
}}<br />
The '''Sotirian Defence Party''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Partito di Difesa Sotiriano'') is a minor {{wp|political party}} in [[Imagua and the Assimas]]. Formed in 1997 from the far-right of the [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]] after merging with the [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|National Labour Party]] to form the [[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Labour Party]], the Sotirian Defence Party has garnered notoriety for its condonation of {{wp|racism}} and {{wp|white supremacy}}. Since 2020, it has been led by [[Edgar Redmond Keswick]], the younger son of [[Walter Redmond Keswick]], and the half-brother of former leader [[Hector Redmond Keswick]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
As the [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]] declined through the 1980s and 1990s, due to the rise of the [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|National Labour Party]], tensions began growing between centre-right SDP members, who wanted to appeal to the [[Bahio-Imaguan people|Bahio-Imaguan]] majority, and the far-right SDP members, who sought to have the party advance [[Eucleo-Imaguan people|Eucleo-Imaguan]] interests. This became more noticeable under [[Erberto Formica]]'s membership, with many in the far-right, such as [[Walter Redmond Keswick]] and [[Edwin Burke]] being critical of Formica's leadership.<br />
<br />
By the 1990s, Burke was the main voice of the far-right in the party, and was an opponent to merging the Sotirian Democratic Party with the National Labour Party. However, after their failure to return to the [[Parliament of Imagua and the Assimas|Imaguan Parliament]] in 1996, the party leadership negotiated a merger with the National Labour Party to create the [[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Labour Party]]. This was opposed by Edwin Burke, and after the merger was approved on 2 April, Burke announced the formation of his own political party, with Burke saying that it would defend "social conservatism and the natural order" from the "Godless socialism of the [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]." Former [[President of Imagua and the Assimas|President]] Walter Redmond Keswick, who had been expelled from the Sotirian Democratic Party in 1989 became a member of the Sotirian Defence Party.<br />
<br />
He was joined by an SDP member of the [[Legislative Council of Imagua and the Assimas|Legislative Council]], [[Malcolm O'Cahill]], who would go on to be the party's sole representative in either chamber of Parliament. However, as the Sotirian Democratic Party lacked representation in the [[Chamber of Commons of Imagua and the Assimas|Chamber of Commons]], no MP joined the Sotirian Defence Party.<br />
<br />
In 2000, the Sotirian Defence Party ran a full slate of candidates, but performed poorly, earning fewer votes than the [[New Labour Party (Imagua)|New Labour Party]]. Shortly after the 2000 elections, Burke resigned from the party leadership, and in the 2000 leadership convention, he was succeeded by [[Hector Redmond Keswick]], the second son of Walter Redmond Keswick, who died in 1998. Under Hector's leadership, the party veered further to the right, as it embraced racism and xenophobia against non-[[Estmero-Imaguan people|Estmero-Imaguans]]. This led to many moderate members leaving the party, including Legislative Councillor O'Cahill, who in 2004 joined the newly-established [[Movement for a New Imagua]].<br />
<br />
While the 2004 elections saw Hector Redmond Keswick perform poorly, over the next twelve years, Hector Redmond Keswick was able to gradually improve on the election results, particularly as he appealed to Estmero-Imaguans yearning for the old days and critical of the Sotirian Labour Party's continued support of {{wp|neoliberalism}}. By 2016, he led the party to its highest vote share since the 2000 elections, when he managed to secure 1.01% of the vote. In 2017, Hector Redmond Keswick retired from the Sotirian Defence Party and from Imaguan politics. While he endorsed his younger half-brother, [[Edgar Redmond Keswick]], the party membership in a surprise upset narrowly voted in favour of [[Janet Gardner]].<br />
<br />
Janet Gardner's election proved to be controversial, as many within the Sotirian Defence Party saw a woman leading the party as being "antithetical to the principles of the Sotirian Defence Party." While there were rumors of a split, with several constituency associations considering forming their own party led by Edgar Redmond Keswick, Edgar Redmond Keswick remained loyal to the party, although the party saw a steep decrease in members. Thus, by 2020, Janet Gardner led the Sotirian Defence Party to its worst result since 2008, which led to Janet Gardner announcing her resignation. In the 2020 leadership convention, Edgar Redmond Keswick won by default, as nobody ran against him.<br />
<br />
Under his leadership, Edgar Redmond Keswick has sought to move the party towards a [[National Functionalism#Contemporary Functionalism|neo-functionalist]] direction, and to appeal to voters who find the Movement for a New Imagua "too liberal" for their tastes.<br />
<br />
==Results==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Election<br />
! Leader<br />
! Candidates<br />
! Seats<br />
! +/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! %<br />
! Position<br />
|-<br />
| [[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#2000|2000]]<br />
| [[Edwin Burke]]<br />
| 67/67<br />
| {{Composition bar|0|67|hex=#0000ff}}<br />
| {{nochange}}<br />
| 28,206<br />
| 3.34%<br />
|style="background:#FFDDDD; color:black"|Extra-parliamentary opposition<br />
|-<br />
| [[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#2004|2004]]<br />
|rowspan=4| [[Hector Redmond Keswick]]<br />
| 58/68<br />
| {{Composition bar|0|67|hex=#0000ff}}<br />
| {{nochange}}<br />
| 2,191<br />
| 0.31%<br />
|style="background:#FFDDDD; color:black"|Extra-parliamentary opposition<br />
|-<br />
| [[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#2008|2008]]<br />
| 43/68<br />
| {{Composition bar|0|67|hex=#0000ff}}<br />
| {{nochange}}<br />
| 3,327<br />
| 0.49%<br />
|style="background:#FFDDDD; color:black"|Extra-parliamentary opposition<br />
|-<br />
| [[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#2012|2012]]<br />
| 41/70<br />
| {{Composition bar|0|67|hex=#0000ff}}<br />
| {{nochange}}<br />
| 6,019<br />
| 0.89%<br />
|style="background:#FFDDDD; color:black"|Extra-parliamentary opposition<br />
|-<br />
| [[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#2016|2016]]<br />
| 62/70<br />
| {{Composition bar|0|67|hex=#0000ff}}<br />
| {{nochange}}<br />
| 7,498<br />
| 1.01%<br />
|style="background:#FFDDDD; color:black"|Extra-parliamentary opposition<br />
|-<br />
| [[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#2020|2020]]<br />
| [[Janet Gardner]]<br />
| 33/70<br />
| {{Composition bar|0|67|hex=#0000ff}}<br />
| {{nochange}}<br />
| 5,627<br />
| 0.62%<br />
|style="background:#FFDDDD; color:black"|Extra-parliamentary opposition<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Political parties in Imagua and the Assimas]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Imagua_and_the_Assimas_at_the_Invictus_Games&diff=765884Imagua and the Assimas at the Invictus Games2024-02-13T21:29:40Z<p>Luziyca: /* Winter */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{infobox country at games<br />
| NOC = IMA<br />
| NOCname = [[Imagua and the Assimas#Sports|Imagua Invictus Committee]]<br />
| games = Invictus Games<br />
| year = <br />
| flagcaption = <br />
| oldcode = <br />
| website = <br />
| location = <br />
| competitors = <br />
| sports = <br />
| flagbearer =<br />
<br />
| rank = <br />
| gold = 5<br />
| silver = 5 <br />
| bronze = 6<br />
| officials = <br />
| appearances = <br />
| app_begin_year = <br />
| app_end_year = <br />
| summerappearances = [[Cassier|1938]] '''·''' {{font color|grey|1942}} '''·''' [[Estmere|1950]] '''·''' [[Eldmark|1954]] '''·''' [[Senria|1958]] '''·''' [[Ardesia|1962]] '''·''' [[Soravia|1966]] '''·''' [[Senria|1970]] '''·''' [[Rizealand|1974]] '''·''' [[Werania|1978]] '''·''' [[Ansan|1982]] '''·''' [[Cassier|1986]] '''·''' [[Senria|1990]] '''·''' [[Kirenia|1994]] '''·''' [[Etruria|1998]] '''·''' [[Satavia|2002]] '''·''' [[Dezevau|2006]] '''·''' [[Shangea|2010]] '''·''' [[Satucin|2014]] '''·''' [[Caldia|2018]] '''·''' ''[[2022 Summer Invictus Games|2022]]''<br />
| winterappearances = [[Cassier|1988]] '''·''' [[Shangea|1992]] '''·''' [[Caldia|1996]] '''·''' [[Senria|2000]] '''·''' [[Shangea|2004]] '''·''' [[Cassier|2008]] '''·''' [[Gaullica|2012]] '''·''' [[Scovern|2016]] '''·''' [[2020 Winter Invictus Games|2020]] '''·''' ''[[2024 Winter Invictus Games|2024]]''<br />
}}<br />
'''[[Imagua and the Assimas]]''' first competed at the [[Invictus Games]] at the [[Cassier|1938 Invictus Games]] in [[Nouvelle-Rayenne]] as Imagua. After making its initial appearance, it did not participate in the [[Etruria|1942 Invictus Games]] in [[Vicalvi]], due to distance from Imagua and the high costs of transporting athletes. It would only begin participating as Imagua and the Assimas at the [[Estmere|1950 Invictus Games]] in [[St. Avelines]]. Imagua would only compete in summer Invictus Games until the [[Cassier|1988 Winter Invictus Games]] in [[Bougainville]], [[Cassier]]. Since then, Imagua has competed in all editions of the summer and winter Invictus Games.<br />
<br />
The [[Imagua and the Assimas#Sports|Imaguan Invictus Committee]] is the organiser of all Imaguan Invictus teams, being established in 1935.<br />
<br />
==Medal tables==<br />
===Summer===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"<br />
|-<br />
!Games<br />
!Athletes<br />
|style="background:gold; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Gold<br />
|style="background:silver; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Silver<br />
|style="background:#cc9966; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Bronze<br />
!style="width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Total<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|1938 Nouvelle-Rayenne]] || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Etruria}} [[Etruria|1942 Vicalvi]] ||colspan=5| ''Did not participate''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Estmere}} [[Estmere|1950 St. Avelines]] || 7 || 0 || 0 || 1 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Eldmark}} [[Eldmark|1954 Hammarvik]] || 11 || 0 || 1 || 0 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|1958 Keisi]] || 9 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Ardesia}} [[Ardesia|1962 Rémont]] || 13 || 0 || 0 || 1 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Soravia|ZDR}} [[UPSR|1966 Patovatra]] || 16 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|1970 Tosei]] || 19 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Rizealand}} [[Rizealand|1974 Los Santos]] || 13 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Werania}} [[Werania|1978 Westbrücken]] || 10 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Ansan}} [[Ansan|1982 Ogbei]] || 6 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|1986 Sainte-Marie]] || 16 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|1990 Keisi]] || 7 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Kirenia}} [[Kirenia|1994 Harimisaareke]] || 12 || 0 || 0 || 1 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Etruria}} [[Etruria|1998 San Alessandro]] || 19 || 0 || 1 || 0 || '''1'''<br />
|- <br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Satavia}} [[Satavia|2002 Port Hope]] || 28 || 0 || 1 || 1 || '''2'''<br />
|- <br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Dezevau}} [[Dezevau|2006 Crescent Island City]] || 23 || 1 || 1 || 0 || '''2'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Shangea}} [[Shangea|2010 Baiqiao]] || 28 || 0 || 1 || 0 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Satucin}} [[Satucin|2014 Gatôn]] || 30 || 1 || 0 || 1 || '''2'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Caldia}} [[Caldia|2018 Spálgleann]] || 31 || 0 || 0 || 1 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Gaullica}} [[2022 Summer Invictus Games|2022 Verlois]] || 35 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''1'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Ansan}} [[2026 Summer Invictus Games|2026 Sindae]] || colspan=5| ''Future event''<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=2 |Total !! 5 !! 5 !! 6 !! 16<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Winter===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"<br />
|-<br />
!Games<br />
!Athletes<br />
|style="background:gold; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Gold<br />
|style="background:silver; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Silver<br />
|style="background:#cc9966; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Bronze<br />
!style="width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Total<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|1988 Bougainville]] || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Ansan}} [[Ansan|1992 Sangang]] || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Caldia}} [[Caldia|1996 Benbaun]] || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|2000 Ubeyama]] || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Shangea}} [[Shangea|2004 Shenkong]] || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|2008 Barnier]] || 7 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Gaullica}} [[Gaullica|2012 Rayenne]] || 6 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|2016 Ubeyama]] || 7 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Soravia}} [[2020 Winter Invictus Games|2020 Ulan Khol]] || 8 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{flagicon|Scovern}} [[2024 Winter Invictus Games|2024 Rimso-Nordfolden]] || colspan=5| ''Future event''<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=2 |Total !! 0 !! 0 !! 0 !! 0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===By sport===<br />
<br />
==Flagbearers==<br />
*{{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|1938 Nouvelle-Rayenne]] – Maurice O'Nunan<br />
*{{flagicon|Estmere}} [[Estmere|1950 St. Avelines]] – Thomas Holcombe (1)<br />
*{{flagicon|Eldmark}} [[Eldmark|1954 Hammarvik]] – Thomas Holcombe (2)<br />
*{{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|1958 Keisi]] – Douglas Handmer<br />
*{{flagicon|Ardesia}} [[Ardesia|1962 Rémont]] – Massimo Figliahans (1)<br />
*{{flagicon|Soravia|ZDR}} [[UPSR|1966 Patovatra]] – Massimo Figliahans (2)<br />
*{{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|1970 Tosei]] – Andrew Wood<br />
*{{flagicon|Rizealand}} [[Rizealand|1974 Los Santos]] – Ariele Teti<br />
*{{flagicon|Werania}} [[Werania|1978 Westbrücken]] – Tyrus Stephenson<br />
*{{flagicon|Ansan}} [[Ansan|1982 Ogbei]] – Barsaba Mirabito<br />
*{{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|1986 Sainte-Marie]] – Dominic Lague<br />
*{{flagicon|Cassier}} [[Cassier|1988 Bougainville]] – Den Svensson<br />
*{{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|1990 Keisi]] – Tirone Arcidiacono<br />
*{{flagicon|Ansan}} [[Ansan|1992 Sangang]] – Noemi Porretta<br />
*{{flagicon|Kirenia}} [[Kirenia|1994 Harimisaareke]] – Olivia Doggo<br />
*{{flagicon|Caldia}} [[Caldia|1996 Benbaun]] – Fawn Mure (1)<br />
*{{flagicon|Etruria}} [[Etruria|1998 San Alessandro]] – Alcino Di Leo<br />
*{{flagicon|Senria}} [[Senria|2000 Ubeyama]] – Fawn Mure (2)<br />
*{{flagicon|Satavia}} [[Satavia|2002 Port Hope]] – Sarah Minot<br />
*{{flagicon|Shangea}} [[Shangea|2004 Shenkong]] – Tully Chen<br />
*{{flagicon|Dezevau}} [[Dezevau|2006 Crescent Island City]] – Alberto Piermarini<br />
*{{flagicon|Shangea}} [[Shangea|2010 Baiqiao]] – Matteo Dahlman<br />
*{{flagicon|Gaullica}} [[Gaullica|2012 Rayenne]] – Tanesa Eubank (1)<br />
*{{flagicon|Satucin}} [[Satucin|2014 Gatôn]] – Dewan Jarrett<br />
*{{flagicon|Scovern}} [[Scovern|2016 Linå]] – Tanesa Eubank (2)<br />
*{{flagicon|Caldia}} [[Caldia|2018 Spálgleann]] – Vinebaldo Ciccarelli<br />
*{{flagicon|Soravia}} [[2020 Winter Invictus Games|2020 Ulan Khol]] – Neiva Cappa<br />
*{{flagicon|Gaullica}} [[2022 Summer Invictus Games|2022 Verlois]] – Nellie Dorsey<br />
*{{flagicon|Caldia}} [[Caldia|2024 Invertwinc]] – ''future event''<br />
*{{flagicon|Ansan}} [[2026 Summer Invictus Games|2026 Sindae]] – ''future event''<br />
{{Nations at the Invictus Games}}<br />
[[Category:Sports in Imagua and the Assimas]]<br />
[[Category:Nations at the Invictus Games]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cuanstad_Metro&diff=756752Cuanstad Metro2024-01-23T18:35:08Z<p>Luziyca: /* Travelling */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{KylarisRecognitionArticle}}<br />
{{Infobox public transit<br />
| name = Cuanstad Metro<br />
| image = Cuanstad_metro.png<br />
| imagesize = 150px<br />
| caption = Logo<br />
| image2 = Transperth_Volvo_B8RLEA_(Volgren_Optimus)_TP3125_@_Truck_Centre_WA_Kewdale.jpg<br />
| imagesize2 = 200px<br />
| caption2 = A {{wp|Volvo B8RLE|TBD}} bus at the depot in [[Bridgetown, Imagua and the Assimas|Bridgetown]]<br />
| locale = [[Cuanstad]], [[Imagua]]<br />
| transit_type = {{wp|Bus rapid transit}}<br />
| began_operation = 14 November, 2019<br />
| lines = 1<br />
| vehicles = 28 {{wp|Articulated bus|articulated buses}}<br />
| average_speed = {{convert|60|km/h|mph|2|abbr=on}}<br />
| operator = [[Ministry of Transportation (Imagua)|Ministry of Transportation]]<br />
| website = <br />
| owner = Government of Imagua and the Assimas<br />
| area served = <br />
| line_number = <br />
| daily_ridership = 16,500<br />
| map = <br />
| map_state = <br />
| headway = Average of 5 minutes during peak periods<br />
| alt = <br />
| end = <br />
| chief_executive = [[Rodney Gibbs]]<br />
| character = <br />
| start = <br />
| stations = 16<br />
}}<br />
The '''Cuanstad Metro''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Metropolitana di Cuanstad'', [[Western Imaguan Creole]]: ''Meto a Kuanstad''), informally known as '''Libas''' (Western Imaguan Creole for ''fast bus'') is a {{wp|bus rapid transit}} system based around the Imaguan capital of [[Cuanstad]] and operated by the [[Ministry of Transportation (Imagua)|Ministry of Transportation]]. <br />
<br />
Opened in November 2019, its main purpose is to connect commuters from outside Cuanstad to Cuanstad itself and to reduce congestion on the motorway between [[Altaithe]] and Cuanstad. As of 2021, the daily ridership of the Cuanstad Metro is around 16,500 passengers per day, with an annual ridership of just over six million passengers.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:Old_train_station_-_panoramio.jpg|250px|thumb|left|[[Central Station (Cuanstad)|Central Station]], 2011]]<br />
Shortly before the closure of [[Imaguan Government Railways]] in 1981, plans were already being made as early as the mid-1970s for a {{wp|commuter rail}} service on the Glen Valley line between [[Altaithe]] and Cuanstad. However, high costs meant that despite two studies: one released in 1979, and the other released in 1993, the Imaguan government never committed to setting up a {{wp|light rail}} system. In 2006, the Imaguan government decided to go with {{wp|bus rapid transit}} over light rail, due to cheaper costs of construction compared to light rail, as well as the cheap cost of buses compared to light rail vehicles.<br />
<br />
In 2010, the project was officially announced, with the former right-of-way belonging to the Glen Valley railway between Cuanstad and Altaithe to be turned into a separated {{wp|bus lane|bus way}}. Construction began in 2012, with plans being that construction would be completed by 2017. However, due to delays concerning the demolition and construction of bridges over the [[Glen River]], as well as expropriating of land around [[Conington, Imagua and the Assimas|Conington]] to build a connection from the Airport to the old right-of-way, construction was only completed in 2018. Trial operations took place until the Cuanstad Metro opened in November 2019, when it first opened to the public. Service was free to promote ridership until 2 January 2020 when fares were introduced.<br />
<br />
==Routes==<br />
===Line 1===<br />
Line 1 opened on 14 November, 2019, and it is a 32 km long line comprising of sixteen stations from [[Central Station (Cuanstad)|Central Station]] in Cuanstad to [[Altaithe Station]] in Altaithe.<br />
<br />
With the exception of the two termini stations in Cuanstad and Altaithe, all stations solely comprise of {{wp|island platforms}}. In many cases, they were originally island platforms for the Glen Valley line that were renovated during construction, while in several cases, new island platforms were constructed to serve stations that did not previously exist (i.e. [[The Yard (Cuanstad)|The Yard]], [[University Station (Cuanstad)|University]], [[Overview Junction Station|Overview Junction]], [[Eastgate Mall Station|Eastgate Mall]], [[Fleming Station|Fleming]], [[Airport Station (Cuanstad)|Airport]], [[Conington Station|Conington]] and [[Altaithe South Station|Altaithe South]]), or had to be replaced due to decades of neglect, as was the case with [[Nelbrook Station (Cuanstad)|Nelbrook]], with most of the other island platforms being lengthened to accommodate buses and the expected traffic flow.<br />
<br />
All stations on Line 1 are accessible via ramps, and provide {{wp|platform-level boarding|level boarding}}. They have {{wp|ticket machines}}, a {{wp|Dot-matrix display|dot-matrix display}}, {{wp|bicycle racks}}, and have a {{wp|bus shelter}} with benches. Furthermore, termini stations have {{wp|customer service}} offices, restaurants, convenience stores, washrooms, and provide easy interchange between the Cuanstad Metro and the local bus systems that serve Altaithe and Cuanstad.<br />
<br />
====Stations====<br />
[[File:Kwanstad_lin_1.png|250px|thumb|center|Diagram of Line 1]]<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"<br />
|-<br />
! Station !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Central Station (Cuanstad)|Central Station]]''' || Interchange between Cuanstad Metro and [[Cuanstad Transit]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[The Yard (Cuanstad)|The Yard]] || Future interchange with [[#Line 2|Line 2]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Nelbrook Station (Cuanstad)|Nelbrook]] || <br />
|-<br />
| [[University Station (Cuanstad)|University]] || Serves the [[University of Cuanstad]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Worley Heights Station (Cuanstad)|Worley Heights]] || <br />
|-<br />
| [[Clyte Station|Clyte]] || <br />
|- <br />
| [[Overview Junction Station|Overview Junction]] || Potential future interchange with [[#Line 2|Line 2]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Eastgate Mall Station|Eastgate Mall]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Carney Station|Carney]] || <br />
|-<br />
| [[Bridgetown Station|Bridgetown]] || Originally called South Bridgetown<br />
|-<br />
| [[Fleming Station|Fleming]] || Originally called North Bridgetown<br />
|-<br />
| [[Airport Station (Cuanstad)|Airport]] || Serves [[Cuanstad International Airport]] near [[Conington, Imagua and the Assimas|Conington]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Conington Station|Conington]] || Serves [[Conington, Imagua and the Assimas|Conington]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Fanshaw Station|Fanshaw]] || <br />
|-<br />
| [[Altaithe South Station|Altaithe South]] || <br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Altaithe Station|Altaithe]]''' || Interchange between Cuanstad Metro and [[Altaithe Public Transit]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Line 1b====<br />
Since the opening of Line 1, proposals have been floated to extend Line 1 from Altaithe Station to [[New Burdale]]. In 2020, [[Ministry of Transportation (Imagua)|Transport Minister]] [[Ambro Terrasabbiosa]] said that in the near future, Line 1 will be extended to New Burdale. This expansion will be dubbed as Line 1b, and besides the new termini at New Burdale, would include stations in [[Newstead, Imagua and the Assimas|Newstead]], [[Ballavagg]], and a new station in northern Altaithe.<br />
<br />
Preliminary surveying took place in 2021 and 2022 to determine a suitable route: because the Glen Valley railway line north of Altaithe Station was sold, it is expected that Line 1b would be built alongside the road to New Burdale. Plans are for Line 1b to begin construction in 2024 or 2025.<br />
<br />
In November 2022, the Cuanstad Metro announced an experimental service called Metrolink, which would determine if demand exists for Line 1b to be built in the first place. Metrolink ran from January 2023 to March 2023 during peak hours (from 7 am to 11 am, and from 3 pm to 7 pm) every 30 minutes, with Metrolink serving stops on the future Line 1b nearest the planned locations.<br />
<br />
==Future lines==<br />
===Line 2===<br />
In 2020, Transport Minister Ambro Terrasabbiosa said that preliminary studies are being done for a second line of the Cuanstad Metro that would connect the western communities in the Cuanstad metropolitan area with eastern communities. At the time of the 2020 announcement, it was unclear where the termini would be.<br />
<br />
In 2022, the Ministry of Transportation decided that Line 2's route will "largely parallel the [[Imaguan Motorway]]" between [[Wimney, Imagua and the Assimas|Wimney]] and [[Lundholm, Imagua and the Assimas|Lundholm]], with a future expansion that would include stops in [[Selander, Imagua and the Assimas|Selander]] and [[Anpas, Imagua and the Assimas|Anpas]] before following Line 1 to Central Station, although an exact route has not yet been determined. The Ministry of Transportation said that there will be no expansion to [[Bronstad, Imagua and the Assimas|Bronstad]], due to its distance from Cuanstad. Construction for Line 2 is scheduled to start sometime in the 2030s.<br />
<br />
==Travelling==<br />
===Fares===<br />
[[File:Cuanstad_Metro_ticket.jpg|250px|thumb|left|A ticket from the Cuanstad Metro]]<br />
The Cuanstad Metro uses a {{wp|Fare#Distance-based fare|distance-based fare}} system. The base price for a journey between two or three stations is 3[[Arucian shillings|ſ]]- ([[Euclo|€]]0.41), with an additional 1ſ50 (€0.21) added on for every additional station up to a maximum of 22ſ50 (€3.10) for a journey between Altaithe and Cuanstad. Reduced fares for schoolchildren, seniors, and people with disabilities are 2ſ50 (€0.34) for a journey between two or three stations, with an additional 1ſ25 added on (€0.17) for every additional station up to a maximum of 18ſ75 (€2.58) for a journey between Altaithe and Cuanstad.<br />
<br />
Fares can be paid by paper tickets that can be purchased at any station, or from April 2024, with an [[Omnipass]]. If one is caught travelling without a valid ticket, the passenger will have to pay a {{wp|penalty fare}} of 50 shillings (€6.88).<br />
<br />
===Schedule===<br />
The Cuanstad Metro's regular hours of operation is from 5 am to 2 am, with the first bus departing Altaithe Station at 5 am and arriving at Central Station at 5:46 am, and the last bus departing Cuanstad Central Station at 1:06 am so it can arrive at Altaithe Station at 1:53 am. During peak hours (from 6:50 am until 9:05 am, and from 2 pm until 8 pm), buses arrive every five minutes. During the midday off-peak (from 9:10 am until 2 pm) and part of the morning off-peak (from 6 am until 6:50 am), buses arrive at each station every ten minutes, and then during night hours (from 8 pm to 2 am) and part of the early morning off-peak (from 5 am until 6 am), buses arrive at each station every ten minutes.<br />
<br />
On Sundays and most holidays, the Cuanstad Metro's hours of operation is from 10 am to 8 pm, with the first bus arriving at Central Station at 10:46 am, and the last bus leaving Central Station at 7:11 pm. Buses arrive at each station every 10 minutes on Sundays. The only exceptions are {{wp|Christmas|Nativity}}, when the Cuanstad Metro is closed the entire day, and {{wp|New Year's}}, when the Cuanstad Metro runs from 5 am on December 31st to 2 am on January 2nd every ten minutes from 5 am on December 31st until 8 pm on January 1st, when it switches to the regular evening service.<br />
<br />
==Fleet==<br />
[[File:Transperth_Volvo_B8RLEA_(Volgren_Optimus)_TP3034-Interior.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Interior of a {{wp|Volvo B8RLE|TBD}} bus during trials, 2018]]<br />
All buses operated by the Cuanstad Metro are {{wp|articulated bus|articulated}} {{wp|Volvo B8RLE|TBDs}} produced in [[TBA]]. Every bus on the Cuanstad Metro has a capacity of 90 passengers, and can support a maximum daily ridership of 19,440 passengers per day. In addition to the twenty buses normally in use, eight serve as relief buses that can be sent out in case one of the buses breaks down, or to relieve overcrowding.<br />
<br />
Due to the Cuanstad Metro serving island platforms, these buses are {{wp|right-hand drive}} as opposed to most Imaguan vehicles, which are left-hand drive. All buses operated by the Cuanstad Metro are equipped with {{wp|air conditioning}}, {{wp|security cameras}}, and {{wp|Wi-Fi}}, and all buses are {{wp|Low-floor bus|low-floor}}, making it easier for people with disabilities to ride the bus.<br />
<br />
The {{wp|bus depot}} for the Cuanstad Metro is located in [[Bridgetown, Imagua and the Assimas|Bridgetown]], due to its position halfway between Altaithe and Cuanstad, and can accommodate up to 100 buses at any one time.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Government-owned companies of Imagua and the Assimas]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Bahio-Imaguan_people&diff=756751Bahio-Imaguan people2024-01-23T18:30:36Z<p>Luziyca: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox ethnic group<br />
|group = Bahio-Imaguans<br>Bahiano-imaguani<br>Bahis-imakusa<br />
|image = [[File:Africa_unite_symposium.jpg|250px]] <br />
|caption = A Bahio-Imaguan grandmother with her daughters and granddaughters<br />
|population = '''~2,000,000'''<br />
|region1 = {{flag|Imagua and the Assimas}} <br />
|pop1 = 1,072,905<br />
|region2 = {{flag|Eldmark}}<br />
|pop2 = 168,506<br />
|region3 = {{flag|Estmere}}<br />
|pop3 = 131,146<br />
|region4 = {{flag|Rizealand}}<br />
|pop4 = 104,852<br />
|region5 = {{flag|Nuvania}}<br />
|pop5 = 54,977<br />
|region6 = {{flag|Etruria}}<br />
|pop6 = 1,997<br />
|region7 =<br />
|pop7 =<br />
|langs = {{wp|English language|Estmerish}}, {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}, [[Western Imaguan Creole]], and [[Eastern Imaguan Creole]]<br />
|rels = [[Sotirianity]]<br />
|related-c = [[Bahio-Maracans]]<br>[[Freemen]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Bahio-Imaguans''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Bahiano-imaguani'', [[Western Imaguan Creole]]: ''Bahis-imakusa'', [[Eastern Imaguan Creole]]: ''Baho-Imagwatsu'' or ''Baho-Imagwawe'') are people in [[Imagua and the Assimas]] who are of [[Bahia|Bahian]] descent. Like other [[Bahio-Arucian people|Bahio-Arucians]], such as the [[Bahio-Maracans]], they originally came from [[Bahia]] as slaves brought over during the [[Maouhersa|trans-Vehemen slave trade]].<br />
<br />
As of the 2011 census, the Bahio-Imaguan population comprise 60% of the country's population, with the Bahio-Imaguans generally living in large urban centres such as [[Cuanstad]], [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|San Pietro]], [[Altaithe]], [[Nua Taois]], [[Lundholm]], and [[Knowleston, Imagua and the Assimas|Knowleston]].<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The term '''Bahio-Imaguan''' was first used by anthropologist [[Lou Walsham]] in 1886 in a paper describing the "lifestyle of those Bahians who have migrated to [[Imagua (island)|Imagua]] from their homes in [[Bahia]]." At the time, it was initially used to only refer to those who were from Bahia, with their descendants being considered simply '''blacks''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''nere'' or ''neri'', [[Western Imaguan Creole]]: ''swatna'', [[Eastern Imaguan Creole]]: ''blak''). <br />
<br />
However, in the early twentieth century, the [[Labour Party of Imagua|Labour Party]] (precursor to the [[Democratic Labour Party of Imagua|Democratic Labour Party]]) used the term to refer to all persons of Bahian descent, with co-founder and party leader [[Clayton Keating]] saying in 1908 that:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>"''The term Bahio-Imaguan gives dignity to a people who for generations have been considered inferior to the white population, for it connects them to the achievements of their [[Bahia|Bahian]] homeland, while acknowledging that they have developed their own identity separate from our cousins in Bahia''."</blockquote><br />
<br />
Over the next few decades, this term gained widespread use among the left-wing, while the right-wing continued to maintain the usage of "black" or "black Imaguan," with [[Liberal Party of Imagua|Suthmeerite]] [[Prime Minister of Imagua and the Assimas|Prime Minister]] [[Peter Hansson]] saying in 1918 that the term "black Imaguan" was "accurate, as only a handful of them are from Bahia."<br />
<br />
However, by the 1940s, Bahio-Imaguan became accepted as a formal term for referring to those of Bahian descent in Imagua, but black continued to be used in informal circumstances until the late 1960s and early 1970s, when the term became seen as offensive. By the late 1980s, the term black had become a {{wp|racial slur}} in Imagua.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Slave trade===<br />
[[File:The_Mill_Yard_-_Ten_Views_in_the_Island_of_Antigua_(1823),_plate_V_-_BL.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Sugar plantation in [[Lundholm]], 1723]]<br />
The ancestors of what would become the Bahio-Imaguan population on what would become the present-day state of [[Imagua and the Assimas]] first arrived in 1647 when a slave ship arrived in [[Cuanstad]]. While the slave population under the [[Geatland|Geatish]] colonizers were minuscule, in part due to the high numbers of {{wp|Island Caribs|native Arucians}} residing on the island of [[Imagua (island)|Imagua]] and the [[Assimas Islands]] in the first century of rule over the islands.<br />
<br />
It was only after Geatland lost control of Imagua to [[Estmere]] in 1658 that the slave trade really kicked into high gear, with Estmerish settlers establishing {{wp|Sugar plantations in the Caribbean|plantations}} for the production of {{wp|sugarcane}} on the island. As much of the native Arucian population have been decimated by disease or by overwork or abuse, it became necessary for slaves to be imported from [[Bahia]] in order to develop the plantations.<br />
<br />
As Estmere had control over trading posts in Bahia, most of the Bahian population can trace their origins to present-day [[Asase Lewa]], [[Rwizikuru]], and [[Tiwura]]. Conditions were harsh for the slaves under Estmerish rule, especially on the sugar plantations, with life expectancy on sugar plantations in particular being measured in 1663 to be around five years after arrival on Imagua. While conditions were gradually improved over the next few decades, mostly to ensure their survival as the cost of importing slaves was expensive, conditions remained harsh, leading to many escaped slaves fleeing into the [[Central Highlands]] and forming [[Imaguan Maroons|Maroon]] communities.<br />
<br />
Thus, in 1795, slavery was abolished, including the slave trade, which ended the importation of slaves to Imagua. While slaves were now freed, and were no longer bound to the land, many remained employed by their former owners, although conditions improved dramatically.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, on the Assimas Islands, the importation of Bahians was relatively few and far between, with most of them in [[Eldmark]] being imported to serve as household servants, due to both their expense, and the fact that it gave their owners prestige. By the 1750s, it was estimated that there were less than a few hundred black slaves on the Assimas. Slavery would be abolished in Eldmark in 1771.<br />
<br />
===Colonial era===<br />
[[File:Cane_cutters_in_Jamaica.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Sugar-cane cutters in [[Imagua]], 1880]]<br />
With the end of the slave trade to the [[Imagua (island)|island of Imagua]], and the implementation of immigration restrictions from [[Bahia]] to Imagua, ostensibly to prevent "human trafficking" to the island for slavery, the Bahio-Imaguan community's identity was now firmly cut off from Bahia.<br />
<br />
Thus, the coming century would witness the {{wp|ethnogenesis}} of the Bahio-Imaguan community, as while the precursor to both [[Western Imaguan Creole]] and [[Eastern Imaguan Creole]] had been adopted during slavery, during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the Bahio-Imaguan community embraced it, with children learning the Imaguan Creoles, as fewer and fewer people were able to speak their native Bahian languages.<br />
<br />
As well, the ethnogenesis of the Bahio-Imaguan community occurred in other areas, with Bahio-Imaguan religion becoming more in line with "standard {{wp|Christianity|Sotirianity}}," and the Bahio-Imaguan culture became more influenced by the cultures of both the {{wp|Island Caribs|indigenous Imaguans}} and the [[Eucleo-Imaguans|white population]] that were living alongside them.<br />
<br />
Despite the abolition of slavery, and the ethnogenesis of the Bahio-Imaguan population, they were still regarded as being inferior to the Euclean population, who formed much of the upper echelons of society on the island. Thus, when the {{wp|industrial revolution}} took off on Imagua, the Bahian population were almost predominantly over-represented in "low wage" work.<br />
<br />
While in theory, they were equal before the law, the reality meant that in 1835, an official noted that:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>"''The black population within the [[Colony of Imagua]] has, despite its numerical superiority over the white population, been vastly over-represented in undesirable statistics, such as poverty and crime, and under-represented in desirable statistics, such as high-ranking positions at firms, and participation in the civil service. This suggests that despite the notion that blacks and whites are equal, the reality shows it not to be the case''."</blockquote><br />
<br />
As improved labour laws were passed and enforced, the lot of the Bahio-Imaguan population improved, with an official in 1885 reporting that "while in 1835, for every [[Imaguan shilling|shilling]] a white man earned, a black man only earned three pence, today, for every shilling a white man earns, a black man earns fourty-two pence."<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, following the purchase of the [[Assimas Islands]] by [[Etruria]], many of the indigenous people who were previously slaves were reclassified as black, due to their complexion. (TBC)<br />
<br />
===Self-governance in Imagua===<br />
[[File:S._Williams_1905.png|150px|thumb|left|[[Finton Conray]], 1901]]<br />
After the [[Colony of Imagua]] was granted {{wp|self-government}} in 1892, Bahio-Imaguans initially did not play a substantial political role, with only one Member of the [[Lesser House of Imagua|Lesser House]] being of Bahio-Imaguan descent, [[Bertram Strachan]] of the [[Liberal Party of Imagua|Suthmeerite]] faction, with the remainder of Parliamentarians being of [[Eucleo-Imaguans|Euclean descent]].<br />
<br />
However, the granting of self-government to [[Imagua]] led to the formation of political associations to advocate for the interests of the Bahio-Imaguan community, such as the [[Bahio-Imaguan Party]] in 1895. As well, [[Pan-Bahianism]] started to take root in Imagua, as Bahio-Imaguan intellectuals such as [[Finton Conray]] advocated for pan-Bahianism, as they felt that the struggles of [[Bahia|their ancestral continent]] were relevant to the struggles that they faced in Imagua.<br />
<br />
As Pan-Bahianism took hold, the establishment of the [[Democratic Labour Party of Imagua|Labour Party]] in 1903 helped increase the representation of Bahio-Imaguans in government, while the Imaguan {{wp|civil service}} was expanded to include the Bahian community, especially as meritocracy became more prevalent in the Imaguan civil service. <br />
<br />
These developments led to two major ideological camps: the Pan-Bahianists, which wanted Bahio-Imaguans to increase ties with Bahia and to fight for their liberation from the "white-dominated order," with many Bahio-Imaguan intellectuals endorsing the Pan-Bahian campaign, and the Cooperationists, which sought to cooperate with the Euclean establishment to ensure a better life for all, which was supported by the Labour Party, and the Liberal Party.<br />
<br />
With the outbreak of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], the Bahio-Imaguan community played an important role in ensuring that Imagua and the [[Assimas Islands]] did not fall to the Entente nations. Following the war's conclusion, Bahio-Imaguans on Imagua started advocating for greater autonomy from [[Estmere]], and when it was given "equal partner" status in 1937, Bahio-Imaguans celebrated this autonomy.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, on the Assimas Islands... (TBD)<br />
<br />
===Independence===<br />
[[File:Eric_Williams_(cropped).jpg|150px|thumb|right|[[Eric Fleming]], 1962]]<br />
After the [[Solarian War]], the Bahio-Imaguan population advocated for the complete independence of [[Imagua and the Assimas]] from [[Estmere]], as they felt that they have sacrificed a lot in the war. At the same time, the newly-conquered [[Assimas Islands]] also advocated for independence from Estmere, as despite its annexation into Imagua, they felt that continued Estmerish rule over the islands would lead to the end of their culture.<br />
<br />
In light of this, combined with Estmere's lack of ability to interfere in Imagua's affairs, the island nation became independent in 1948, with [[Walter Redmond Keswick]] becoming the first [[President of Imagua and the Assimas]]. That year, a splinter from the [[Democratic Party of Imagua|Democratic Party]] and the [[Democratic Labour Party of Imagua|Labour Party]] merged into the [[Democratic Labour Party of Imagua]], which consolidated the support of many Bahio-Imaguans behind a single party.<br />
<br />
During this period, the stature of the Bahian population continued to rise, albeit there was still a significant income gap between the Bahio- and Eucleo-Imaguans. As well, many issues remained, such as the continued political dominance of Imagua by the Euclean community, despite the Bahian population on Imagua forming a majority of the Imaguan population, and the fact that very few bosses of large Imaguan companies were of Bahian descent. A report from 1956 saying that only 13.5% of Imaguans who had more than 250,000 [[Imaguan shilling|shillings]] were of Bahio-Imaguan descent, with 76.2% being of Euclean descent, while poverty rates were twice as high among Bahio-Imaguans as among Eucleo-Imaguans.<br />
<br />
However, this started to change when in 1960, [[Eric Fleming]] became the first Bahio-Imaguan President. During Fleming's tenure as President, he helped increase the participation of Bahio-Imaguans in government. By 1968, after reaching his maximum term limit under the [[Constitution of Imagua and the Assimas|Imaguan constitution]], he was elected as the first Bahio-Imaguan [[Prime Minister of Imagua and the Assimas|Prime Minister]], serving until 1976 when he was succeeded by [[Pietro Muro]].<br />
<br />
Despite this loss, the Bahio-Imaguans became more prominent in politics, which meant that throughout the 1970s, many cabinet ministers and MPs were of Bahian descent, and they also began to rise to the upper classes. In addition, the split of the [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|National Labour Party]] in 1978 meant that many Bahio-Imaguans who previously supported the Euclean-dominated [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]] no longer had to support it.<br />
<br />
===Contemporary era===<br />
The Bahio-Imaguan community were hard hit by the [[Panic of 1980]], which saw many Bahio-Imaguans lose their jobs, with manufacturing effectively becoming extinct in the country. At the same time, policies designed to attract wealthy people from outside [[Imagua]] to move into the country led to many being forced to leave [[Cuanstad]] as house prices and rents rose beyond what they could afford.<br />
<br />
By the 1990s, although [[Eucleo-Imaguan people|Eucleo-Imaguans]] still remained dominant in many economic sectors, particularly the finance sector, Bahio-Imaguans were now influential in politics, with [[Gerald Larsson]] becoming only the second Bahio-Imaguan to become [[Prime Minister of Imagua and the Assimas|Prime Minister]]. In 2000, he was succeeded by [[Agnes Ingram]], who was the first Bahio-Imaguan woman to become Prime Minister, and the first Bahio-Imaguan Prime Minister to come from a party other than the [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|DLP]] (the successor to the [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|SDP]] and [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|NLP]], the [[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Labour Party]]).<br />
<br />
In the 2000s and 2010s, Bahio-Imaguans continued to see standards of living rise, with the poverty rate falling from 10.2% in 1996 to 9.1% in 2006, with most of the reduction of poverty taking place among Bahio-Imaguan households, making 2006 the first year that more Eucleo-Imaguans were in poverty than Bahio-Imaguans. However, these gains were reversed, especially as Imagua deepened its economic policies under both Ingram and [[Saverio Merante|Merante]], leading to the poverty rate rising to 12.5% in 2016, with most of the increase being among Bahio-Imaguans residing in [[Cuanstad]].<br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
===Arts===<br />
A prominent instrument associated with the Bahio-Imaguan community is the {{wp|steelpan}}.<br />
<br />
(TBC)<br />
<br />
===Cuisine===<br />
Bahio-Imaguan cuisine is largely influenced off the cuisine of their {{wp|Shona people|veRwizi}} ancestors, as well as [[Imagua and the Assimas#Cuisine|mainstream Imaguan cuisine]] that was introduced over the centuries of colonial rule by various Euclean powers such as [[Estmere]], [[Etruria]], and [[Geatland]].<br />
<br />
Popular Bahio-Imaguan breakfast dishes are {{wp|fried bake}} and {{wp|Bake and Shark|bake and shark}}, while popular lunch and dinner dishes include {{wp|callaloo}}, {{wp|fish and chips}}, {{wp|macaroni pie}}, {{wp|pelau}}, {{wp|rice}}, and {{wp|spaghetti}}.<br />
<br />
===Sports===<br />
Like the rest of [[Imagua and the Assimas]], the most popular sports are {{wp|association football}} and {{wp|horse racing}} (in particular {{wp|thoroughbred racing}}).<br />
<br />
However, a popular sport among the Bahio-Imaguan community is {{wp|field hockey}}, despite its relative unpopularity among the rest of the country.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Demographics of Imagua and the Assimas]][[Category:Ethnic groups (Kylaris)]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Bahio-Imaguan_people&diff=756433Bahio-Imaguan people2024-01-22T21:32:19Z<p>Luziyca: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox ethnic group<br />
|group = Bahio-Imaguans<br>Bahiano-imaguani<br>Bahis-imakusa<br />
|image = [[File:Africa_unite_symposium.jpg|250px]] <br />
|caption = A Bahio-Imaguan grandmother with her daughters and granddaughters<br />
|population = '''~2,000,000'''<br />
|region1 = {{flag|Imagua and the Assimas}} <br />
|pop1 = 1,072,905<br />
|region2 = {{flag|Eldmark}}<br />
|pop2 = 168,506<br />
|region3 = {{flag|Halland}}<br />
|pop3 = 104,852<br />
|region4 = {{flag|Nuvania}}<br />
|pop4 = 54,977<br />
|region5 = {{flag|Estmere}}<br />
|pop5 = 20,146<br />
|region6 = {{flag|Etruria}}<br />
|pop6 = 1,997<br />
|region7 =<br />
|pop7 =<br />
|langs = {{wp|English language|Estmerish}}, {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}, [[Western Imaguan Creole]], and [[Eastern Imaguan Creole]]<br />
|rels = {{wp|Christian|Sotirianism}}<br />
|related-c = [[Bahio-Maracans]]<br>[[Freemen]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Bahio-Imaguans''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Bahiano-imaguani'', [[Western Imaguan Creole]]: ''Bahis-imakusa'', [[Eastern Imaguan Creole]]: ''Baho-Imagwatsu'' or ''Baho-Imagwawe'') are people in [[Imagua and the Assimas]] who are of [[Bahia|Bahian]] descent. Like other [[Bahio-Arucian people|Bahio-Arucians]], such as the [[Bahio-Maracans]], they originally came from [[Bahia]] as slaves brought over during the [[Maouhersa|trans-Vehemen slave trade]].<br />
<br />
As of the 2011 census, the Bahio-Imaguan population comprise 60% of the country's population, with the Bahio-Imaguans generally living in large urban centres such as [[Cuanstad]], [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|San Pietro]], [[Altaithe]], [[Nua Taois]], [[Lundholm]], and [[Knowleston, Imagua and the Assimas|Knowleston]].<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The term '''Bahio-Imaguan''' was first used by anthropologist [[Lou Walsham]] in 1886 in a paper describing the "lifestyle of those Bahians who have migrated to [[Imagua (island)|Imagua]] from their homes in [[Bahia]]." At the time, it was initially used to only refer to those who were from Bahia, with their descendants being considered simply '''blacks''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''nere'' or ''neri'', [[Western Imaguan Creole]]: ''swatna'', [[Eastern Imaguan Creole]]: ''blak''). <br />
<br />
However, in the early twentieth century, the [[Labour Party of Imagua|Labour Party]] (precursor to the [[Democratic Labour Party of Imagua|Democratic Labour Party]]) used the term to refer to all persons of Bahian descent, with co-founder and party leader [[Clayton Keating]] saying in 1908 that:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>"''The term Bahio-Imaguan gives dignity to a people who for generations have been considered inferior to the white population, for it connects them to the achievements of their [[Bahia|Bahian]] homeland, while acknowledging that they have developed their own identity separate from our cousins in Bahia''."</blockquote><br />
<br />
Over the next few decades, this term gained widespread use among the left-wing, while the right-wing continued to maintain the usage of "black" or "black Imaguan," with [[Liberal Party of Imagua|Suthmeerite]] [[Prime Minister of Imagua and the Assimas|Prime Minister]] [[Peter Hansson]] saying in 1918 that the term "black Imaguan" was "accurate, as only a handful of them are from Bahia."<br />
<br />
However, by the 1940s, Bahio-Imaguan became accepted as a formal term for referring to those of Bahian descent in Imagua, but black continued to be used in informal circumstances until the late 1960s and early 1970s, when the term became seen as offensive. By the late 1980s, the term black had become a {{wp|racial slur}} in Imagua.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Slave trade===<br />
[[File:The_Mill_Yard_-_Ten_Views_in_the_Island_of_Antigua_(1823),_plate_V_-_BL.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Sugar plantation in [[Lundholm]], 1723]]<br />
The ancestors of what would become the Bahio-Imaguan population on what would become the present-day state of [[Imagua and the Assimas]] first arrived in 1647 when a slave ship arrived in [[Cuanstad]]. While the slave population under the [[Geatland|Geatish]] colonizers were minuscule, in part due to the high numbers of {{wp|Island Caribs|native Arucians}} residing on the island of [[Imagua (island)|Imagua]] and the [[Assimas Islands]] in the first century of rule over the islands.<br />
<br />
It was only after Geatland lost control of Imagua to [[Estmere]] in 1658 that the slave trade really kicked into high gear, with Estmerish settlers establishing {{wp|Sugar plantations in the Caribbean|plantations}} for the production of {{wp|sugarcane}} on the island. As much of the native Arucian population have been decimated by disease or by overwork or abuse, it became necessary for slaves to be imported from [[Bahia]] in order to develop the plantations.<br />
<br />
As Estmere had control over trading posts in Bahia, most of the Bahian population can trace their origins to present-day [[Asase Lewa]], [[Rwizikuru]], and [[Tiwura]]. Conditions were harsh for the slaves under Estmerish rule, especially on the sugar plantations, with life expectancy on sugar plantations in particular being measured in 1663 to be around five years after arrival on Imagua. While conditions were gradually improved over the next few decades, mostly to ensure their survival as the cost of importing slaves was expensive, conditions remained harsh, leading to many escaped slaves fleeing into the [[Central Highlands]] and forming [[Imaguan Maroons|Maroon]] communities.<br />
<br />
Thus, in 1795, slavery was abolished, including the slave trade, which ended the importation of slaves to Imagua. While slaves were now freed, and were no longer bound to the land, many remained employed by their former owners, although conditions improved dramatically.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, on the Assimas Islands, the importation of Bahians was relatively few and far between, with most of them in [[Eldmark]] being imported to serve as household servants, due to both their expense, and the fact that it gave their owners prestige. By the 1750s, it was estimated that there were less than a few hundred black slaves on the Assimas. Slavery would be abolished in Eldmark in 1771.<br />
<br />
===Colonial era===<br />
[[File:Cane_cutters_in_Jamaica.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Sugar-cane cutters in [[Imagua]], 1880]]<br />
With the end of the slave trade to the [[Imagua (island)|island of Imagua]], and the implementation of immigration restrictions from [[Bahia]] to Imagua, ostensibly to prevent "human trafficking" to the island for slavery, the Bahio-Imaguan community's identity was now firmly cut off from Bahia.<br />
<br />
Thus, the coming century would witness the {{wp|ethnogenesis}} of the Bahio-Imaguan community, as while the precursor to both [[Western Imaguan Creole]] and [[Eastern Imaguan Creole]] had been adopted during slavery, during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the Bahio-Imaguan community embraced it, with children learning the Imaguan Creoles, as fewer and fewer people were able to speak their native Bahian languages.<br />
<br />
As well, the ethnogenesis of the Bahio-Imaguan community occurred in other areas, with Bahio-Imaguan religion becoming more in line with "standard {{wp|Christianity|Sotirianity}}," and the Bahio-Imaguan culture became more influenced by the cultures of both the {{wp|Island Caribs|indigenous Imaguans}} and the [[Eucleo-Imaguans|white population]] that were living alongside them.<br />
<br />
Despite the abolition of slavery, and the ethnogenesis of the Bahio-Imaguan population, they were still regarded as being inferior to the Euclean population, who formed much of the upper echelons of society on the island. Thus, when the {{wp|industrial revolution}} took off on Imagua, the Bahian population were almost predominantly over-represented in "low wage" work.<br />
<br />
While in theory, they were equal before the law, the reality meant that in 1835, an official noted that:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>"''The black population within the [[Colony of Imagua]] has, despite its numerical superiority over the white population, been vastly over-represented in undesirable statistics, such as poverty and crime, and under-represented in desirable statistics, such as high-ranking positions at firms, and participation in the civil service. This suggests that despite the notion that blacks and whites are equal, the reality shows it not to be the case''."</blockquote><br />
<br />
As improved labour laws were passed and enforced, the lot of the Bahio-Imaguan population improved, with an official in 1885 reporting that "while in 1835, for every [[Imaguan shilling|shilling]] a white man earned, a black man only earned three pence, today, for every shilling a white man earns, a black man earns fourty-two pence."<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, following the purchase of the [[Assimas Islands]] by [[Etruria]], many of the indigenous people who were previously slaves were reclassified as black, due to their complexion. (TBC)<br />
<br />
===Self-governance in Imagua===<br />
[[File:S._Williams_1905.png|150px|thumb|left|[[Finton Conray]], 1901]]<br />
After the [[Colony of Imagua]] was granted {{wp|self-government}} in 1892, Bahio-Imaguans initially did not play a substantial political role, with only one Member of the [[Lesser House of Imagua|Lesser House]] being of Bahio-Imaguan descent, [[Bertram Strachan]] of the [[Liberal Party of Imagua|Suthmeerite]] faction, with the remainder of Parliamentarians being of [[Eucleo-Imaguans|Euclean descent]].<br />
<br />
However, the granting of self-government to [[Imagua]] led to the formation of political associations to advocate for the interests of the Bahio-Imaguan community, such as the [[Bahio-Imaguan Party]] in 1895. As well, [[Pan-Bahianism]] started to take root in Imagua, as Bahio-Imaguan intellectuals such as [[Finton Conray]] advocated for pan-Bahianism, as they felt that the struggles of [[Bahia|their ancestral continent]] were relevant to the struggles that they faced in Imagua.<br />
<br />
As Pan-Bahianism took hold, the establishment of the [[Democratic Labour Party of Imagua|Labour Party]] in 1903 helped increase the representation of Bahio-Imaguans in government, while the Imaguan {{wp|civil service}} was expanded to include the Bahian community, especially as meritocracy became more prevalent in the Imaguan civil service. <br />
<br />
These developments led to two major ideological camps: the Pan-Bahianists, which wanted Bahio-Imaguans to increase ties with Bahia and to fight for their liberation from the "white-dominated order," with many Bahio-Imaguan intellectuals endorsing the Pan-Bahian campaign, and the Cooperationists, which sought to cooperate with the Euclean establishment to ensure a better life for all, which was supported by the Labour Party, and the Liberal Party.<br />
<br />
With the outbreak of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], the Bahio-Imaguan community played an important role in ensuring that Imagua and the [[Assimas Islands]] did not fall to the Entente nations. Following the war's conclusion, Bahio-Imaguans on Imagua started advocating for greater autonomy from [[Estmere]], and when it was given "equal partner" status in 1937, Bahio-Imaguans celebrated this autonomy.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, on the Assimas Islands... (TBD)<br />
<br />
===Independence===<br />
[[File:Eric_Williams_(cropped).jpg|150px|thumb|right|[[Eric Fleming]], 1962]]<br />
After the [[Solarian War]], the Bahio-Imaguan population advocated for the complete independence of [[Imagua and the Assimas]] from [[Estmere]], as they felt that they have sacrificed a lot in the war. At the same time, the newly-conquered [[Assimas Islands]] also advocated for independence from Estmere, as despite its annexation into Imagua, they felt that continued Estmerish rule over the islands would lead to the end of their culture.<br />
<br />
In light of this, combined with Estmere's lack of ability to interfere in Imagua's affairs, the island nation became independent in 1948, with [[Walter Redmond Keswick]] becoming the first [[President of Imagua and the Assimas]]. That year, a splinter from the [[Democratic Party of Imagua|Democratic Party]] and the [[Democratic Labour Party of Imagua|Labour Party]] merged into the [[Democratic Labour Party of Imagua]], which consolidated the support of many Bahio-Imaguans behind a single party.<br />
<br />
During this period, the stature of the Bahian population continued to rise, albeit there was still a significant income gap between the Bahio- and Eucleo-Imaguans. As well, many issues remained, such as the continued political dominance of Imagua by the Euclean community, despite the Bahian population on Imagua forming a majority of the Imaguan population, and the fact that very few bosses of large Imaguan companies were of Bahian descent. A report from 1956 saying that only 13.5% of Imaguans who had more than 250,000 [[Imaguan shilling|shillings]] were of Bahio-Imaguan descent, with 76.2% being of Euclean descent, while poverty rates were twice as high among Bahio-Imaguans as among Eucleo-Imaguans.<br />
<br />
However, this started to change when in 1960, [[Eric Fleming]] became the first Bahio-Imaguan President. During Fleming's tenure as President, he helped increase the participation of Bahio-Imaguans in government. By 1968, after reaching his maximum term limit under the [[Constitution of Imagua and the Assimas|Imaguan constitution]], he was elected as the first Bahio-Imaguan [[Prime Minister of Imagua and the Assimas|Prime Minister]], serving until 1976 when he was succeeded by [[Pietro Muro]].<br />
<br />
Despite this loss, the Bahio-Imaguans became more prominent in politics, which meant that throughout the 1970s, many cabinet ministers and MPs were of Bahian descent, and they also began to rise to the upper classes. In addition, the split of the [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|National Labour Party]] in 1978 meant that many Bahio-Imaguans who previously supported the Euclean-dominated [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]] no longer had to support it.<br />
<br />
===Contemporary era===<br />
The Bahio-Imaguan community were hard hit by the [[Panic of 1980]], which saw many Bahio-Imaguans lose their jobs, with manufacturing effectively becoming extinct in the country. At the same time, policies designed to attract wealthy people from outside [[Imagua]] to move into the country led to many being forced to leave [[Cuanstad]] as house prices and rents rose beyond what they could afford.<br />
<br />
By the 1990s, although [[Eucleo-Imaguan people|Eucleo-Imaguans]] still remained dominant in many economic sectors, particularly the finance sector, Bahio-Imaguans were now influential in politics, with [[Gerald Larsson]] becoming only the second Bahio-Imaguan to become [[Prime Minister of Imagua and the Assimas|Prime Minister]]. In 2000, he was succeeded by [[Agnes Ingram]], who was the first Bahio-Imaguan woman to become Prime Minister, and the first Bahio-Imaguan Prime Minister to come from a party other than the [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|DLP]] (the successor to the [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|SDP]] and [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|NLP]], the [[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Labour Party]]).<br />
<br />
In the 2000s and 2010s, Bahio-Imaguans continued to see standards of living rise, with the poverty rate falling from 10.2% in 1996 to 9.1% in 2006, with most of the reduction of poverty taking place among Bahio-Imaguan households, making 2006 the first year that more Eucleo-Imaguans were in poverty than Bahio-Imaguans. However, these gains were reversed, especially as Imagua deepened its economic policies under both Ingram and [[Saverio Merante|Merante]], leading to the poverty rate rising to 12.5% in 2016, with most of the increase being among Bahio-Imaguans residing in [[Cuanstad]].<br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
===Arts===<br />
A prominent instrument associated with the Bahio-Imaguan community is the {{wp|steelpan}}.<br />
<br />
(TBC)<br />
<br />
===Cuisine===<br />
Bahio-Imaguan cuisine is largely influenced off the cuisine of their {{wp|Shona people|veRwizi}} ancestors, as well as [[Imagua and the Assimas#Cuisine|mainstream Imaguan cuisine]] that was introduced over the centuries of colonial rule by various Euclean powers such as [[Estmere]], [[Etruria]], and [[Geatland]].<br />
<br />
Popular Bahio-Imaguan breakfast dishes are {{wp|fried bake}} and {{wp|Bake and Shark|bake and shark}}, while popular lunch and dinner dishes include {{wp|callaloo}}, {{wp|fish and chips}}, {{wp|macaroni pie}}, {{wp|pelau}}, {{wp|rice}}, and {{wp|spaghetti}}.<br />
<br />
===Sports===<br />
Like the rest of [[Imagua and the Assimas]], the most popular sports are {{wp|association football}} and {{wp|horse racing}} (in particular {{wp|thoroughbred racing}}).<br />
<br />
However, a popular sport among the Bahio-Imaguan community is {{wp|field hockey}}, despite its relative unpopularity among the rest of the country.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Demographics of Imagua and the Assimas]][[Category:Ethnic groups (Kylaris)]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Elections_in_Imagua_and_the_Assimas&diff=756388Elections in Imagua and the Assimas2024-01-22T20:09:36Z<p>Luziyca: /* Elections */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Elections in Imagua and the Assimas''' refer to elections that take place on the national level and on the parochial level of the government of [[Imagua and the Assimas]].<br />
<br />
==Criteria==<br />
As per the [[Constitution of Imagua and the Assimas|Imaguan constitution]], the criteria for voter eligibility is that all voters be eighteen years or older on election day (since the passage of the [[Constitution of Imagua and the Assimas#Sixth Amendment (May 1967)|Sixth Amendment]] in 1967), and that they are not convicted of {{wp|treason}} against the state.<br />
<br />
All voters must present valid ID, either their driver's license, or two forms of ID (e.g. birth certificate and utility bill), although if necessary, someone can vouch on behalf of the voter.<br />
<br />
==Elections==<br />
Elections are traditionally held every four years for both the [[President of Imagua and the Assimas|Presidency]], the [[House of Commons of Imagua and the Assimas|House of Commons]] of [[Parliament of Imagua and the Assimas|Parliament]], and the county councils. The traditional date for these elections since [[#1936|1936]] is the fourth Friday of March, but if {{wp|Good Friday}} falls on the fourth Friday of March, as it did in [[#1940|1940]], [[#1948|1948]], [[#1964|1964]], and [[#2016|2016]], the election gets moved to the previous Friday (i.e. the third Friday).<br />
<br />
However, elections can be called at any point for any reason, with early elections almost always due to a vote of no-confidence or a defeat of a budget motion, although by-elections and snap elections must be held on a Friday.<br />
<br />
==List of elections==<br />
===1892===<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:21em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:blue; width:69.4%; color:white;" | 25<br />
| style="background:#c5c12b; width:16.7%; color:white;" | 6<br />
| style="background:grey; width:13.9%; color:white;"| 5<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|A}}]]<br />
| [[Liberal Party (Imagua)|{{color|#c5c12b|S}}]]<br />
| {{wp|Independent politicians|{{color|grey|I}}}}<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Lambournites]]'''<br />
| '''25'''<br />
| ''new''<br />
| 11,845<br />
| 54.11%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#c5c12b;" color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Liberal Party (Imagua)|Suthmeerites]]'''<br />
|'''6'''<br />
|''new''<br />
| 5,528<br />
| 25.25%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:grey;" color:white"|<br />
|{{nowrap|'''{{wp|Independent politicians}}'''}}<br />
|'''5'''<br />
|''new''<br />
| 3,857<br />
| 17.62%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''36'''<br />
|<br />
|21,891<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|34,578<br />
|63.31%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1896===<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:21em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:blue; width:72.3%; color:white;" | 26<br />
| style="background:#c5c12b; width:19.4%; color:white;" | 7<br />
| style="background:grey; width:8.3%; color:white;"| 3<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|A}}]]<br />
| [[Liberal Party (Imagua)|{{color|#c5c12b|S}}]]<br />
| {{wp|Independent politicians|{{color|grey|I}}}}<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Lambournites]]'''<br />
| '''26'''<br />
| {{nowrap|{{increase}} 1}}<br />
| 12,211<br />
| 54.68%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#c5c12b;" color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Liberal Party (Imagua)|Suthmeerites]]'''<br />
|'''7'''<br />
|{{increase}} 1<br />
| 6,963<br />
| 31.18%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:grey;" color:white"|<br />
|{{nowrap|'''{{wp|Independent politicians}}'''}}<br />
|'''3'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 3<br />
| 3,084<br />
| 13.81%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''36'''<br />
|<br />
|22,331<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|34,821<br />
|64.13%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1900===<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:21em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:blue; width:72.3%; color:white;" | 26<br />
| style="background:#c5c12b; width:25.0%; color:white;" | 9<br />
| style="background:grey; width:2.7%; color:white;"| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|A}}]]<br />
| [[Liberal Party (Imagua)|{{color|#c5c12b|S}}]]<br />
| {{wp|Independent politicians|{{color|grey|I}}}}<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Lambournites]]'''<br />
| '''26'''<br />
|{{nochange}}<br />
| 11,804<br />
| 49.32%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#c5c12b;" color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Liberal Party (Imagua)|Suthmeerites]]'''<br />
|'''9'''<br />
|{{nowrap|{{increase}} 2}}<br />
| 7,970<br />
| 33.30%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:grey;" color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''{{wp|Independent politicians}}'''}}<br />
|'''1'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 2<br />
| 4,160<br />
| 17.38%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''36'''<br />
|<br />
|23,934<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|35,238<br />
|67.92%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1904===<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:21em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:blue; width:78.4%; color:white;" | 29<br />
| style="background:#c5c12b; width:21.6%; color:white;" | 8<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|A}}]]<br />
| [[Liberal Party (Imagua)|{{color|#c5c12b|S}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Lambournites]]'''}}<br />
| '''29'''<br />
|{{nowrap|{{increase}} 3}}<br />
| 15,188<br />
| 64.46%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#c5c12b;" color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Liberal Party (Imagua)|Suthmeerites]]'''<br />
|'''8'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 1<br />
| 6,550<br />
| 27.80%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''37'''<br />
|<br />
|23,562<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|35,538<br />
|66.30%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1908===<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:21em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:blue; width:83.4%; color:white;" | 31<br />
| style="background:#c5c12b; width:16.2%; color:white;" | 6<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|A}}]]<br />
| [[Liberal Party (Imagua)|{{color|#c5c12b|S}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Lambournites]]'''<br />
| '''31'''<br />
|{{nowrap|{{increase}} 2}}<br />
| 13,653<br />
| 60.91%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#c5c12b;" color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Liberal Party (Imagua)|Suthmeerites]]'''<br />
|'''6'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 2<br />
| 6,099<br />
| 27.21%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''37'''<br />
|<br />
|70,256<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|36,013<br />
|62.24%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1909===<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:21em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:blue; width:81.1%; color:white;" | 30<br />
| style="background:#c5c12b; width:18.9%; color:white;" | 7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|A}}]]<br />
| [[Liberal Party (Imagua)|{{color|#c5c12b|S}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Lambournites]]'''<br />
| '''30'''<br />
| {{nowrap|{{decrease}} 1}}<br />
| 12,683<br />
| 42.83%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#c5c12b;" color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Liberal Party (Imagua)|Suthmeerites]]'''<br />
|'''7'''<br />
|{{nowrap|{{increase}} 1}}<br />
| 9,225<br />
| 31.15%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''37'''<br />
|<br />
|29,613<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|36,048<br />
|82.15%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1913===<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:22em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:blue; width:55.3%; color:white;" | 21<br />
| style="background:#c5c12b; width:42.1%; color:white;" | 16<br />
| style="background:#ED1C24; width:2.6%; color:white;" | 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|A}}]]<br />
| [[Liberal Party (Imagua)|{{color|#c5c12b|S}}]]<br />
| [[Socialist Party (Estmere)|{{color|#ED1C24|E}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Lambournites]]'''<br />
| '''21'''<br />
| {{nowrap|{{decrease}} 9}}<br />
| 18,366<br />
| 50.32%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#c5c12b;" color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Liberal Party (Imagua)|Suthmeerites]]'''<br />
|'''16'''<br />
|{{nowrap|{{increase}} 9}}<br />
| 12,366<br />
| 33.88%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#ED1C24; color:white"|<br />
|{{nowrap|'''[[Socialist Party (Estmere)|Estmerish Section of the Workers' International]]'''}}<br />
|'''1'''<br />
|{{increase}} 1<br />
| 4,124<br />
| 11.30%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''38'''<br />
|<br />
|30,366<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|36,498<br />
|83.20%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1917===<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:22em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#c5c12b; width:52.6%; color:white;" | 20<br />
| style="background:#ED1C24; width:7.9%; color:white;" | 3<br />
| style="background:blue; width:39.5%; color:white;" | 15<br />
|-<br />
| [[Liberal Party (Imagua)|{{color|#c5c12b|S}}]]<br />
| [[Socialist Party (Estmere)|{{color|#ED1C24|E}}]]<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|A}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#c5c12b;" color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Liberal Party (Imagua)|Suthmeerites]]'''<br />
|'''20'''<br />
|{{increase}} 4<br />
| 15,623<br />
| 44.20%<br />
|rowspan=2| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#ED1C24; color:white"|<br />
|{{nowrap|'''[[Socialist Party (Estmere)|Estmerish Section of the Workers' International]]'''}}<br />
|'''3'''<br />
|{{nowrap|{{increase}} 2}}<br />
| 5,648<br />
| 15.98%<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Lambournites]]'''}}<br />
| '''15'''<br />
|{{nowrap|{{decrease}} 6}}<br />
| 10,582<br />
| 29.94%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''38'''<br />
|<br />
|35,345<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|36,933<br />
|95.70%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1920===<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:22em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#c5c12b; width:52.6%; color:white;" | 22<br />
| style="background:#E3170D; width:28.9%; color:white;" | 9<br />
| style="background:blue; width:18.5%; color:white;" | 7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Liberal Party (Imagua)|{{color|#c5c12b|S}}]]<br />
| [[Socialist Party (Estmere)|{{color|#E3170D|C}}]]<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|A}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#c5c12b;" color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Liberal Party (Imagua)|Suthmeerites]]'''<br />
|'''22'''<br />
|{{increase}} 2<br />
| 20,514<br />
| 43.20%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#E3170D; color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Socialist Party (Estmere)|Socialist Party]]'''<br />
|'''9'''<br />
|{{nowrap|{{increase}} 6}}<br />
| 11,772<br />
| 24.79%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
|{{nowrap|'''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Lambournites]]'''}}<br />
| '''7'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 8<br />
| 11,102<br />
| 23.38%<br />
<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''38'''<br />
|<br />
|47,485<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|74,898<br />
|63.40%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1924===<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:22em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#c5c12b; width:53.9%; color:white;" | 21<br />
| style="background:#E3170D; width:25.6%; color:white;" | 10<br />
| style="background:blue; width:20.5%; color:white;" | 8<br />
|-<br />
| [[Liberal Party (Imagua)|{{color|#c5c12b|L}}]]<br />
| [[Socialist Party (Estmere)|{{color|#E3170D|C}}]]<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|A}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#c5c12b;" color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Liberal Party (Imagua)|Liberal Party]]'''<br />
|'''21'''<br />
|{{nowrap|{{decrease}} 1}}<br />
| 27,216<br />
| 41.52%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#E3170D; color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Socialist Party (Estmere)|Socialist Party]]'''<br />
|'''10'''<br />
|{{increase}} 1<br />
| 19,875<br />
| 30.32%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
|{{nowrap|'''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Lambournites]]'''}}<br />
| '''8'''<br />
|{{increase}} 1<br />
| 14,100<br />
| 21.51%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''39'''<br />
|<br />
|65,550<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|112,377<br />
|58.33%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1936===<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:22em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:blue; width:56.4%; color:white;" | 22<br />
| style="background:#c5c12b; width:23.1%; color:white;" | 9<br />
| style="background:#E3170D; width:17.9%; color:white;" | 7<br />
| style="background:#ED1C24; width:2.6%; color:white;" | 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|S}}]]<br />
| [[Liberal Party (Imagua)|{{color|#c5c12b|D}}]]<br />
| [[Socialist Party (Estmere)|{{color|#E3170D|C}}]]<br />
| [[Imaguan Section of the Workers' International|{{color|#ED1C24|W}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]'''<br />
| '''22'''<br />
|{{nowrap|{{increase}} 14}}<br />
| 110,071<br />
| 34.63%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#c5c12b" color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Liberal Party (Imagua)|Liberal Party]]'''<br />
|'''9'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 12<br />
| 74,051<br />
| 23.30%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#E3170D; color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Socialist Party (Estmere)|Socialist Party]]'''<br />
|'''7'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 3<br />
| 72,214<br />
| 22.72%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#ED1C24; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Imaguan Section of the Workers' International]]'''}}<br />
|'''1'''<br />
|{{increase}} 1<br />
| 51,045<br />
| 16.06%<br />
| '''Fourth Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''39'''<br />
|<br />
|317,814<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|535,221<br />
|59.38%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1940===<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:22em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:blue; width:74.4%; color:white;" | 29<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:12.8%; color:white;" | 5<br />
| style="background:#c5c12b; width:10.3%; color:white;" | 4<br />
| style="background:#ED1C24; width:2.5%; color:white;" | 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|S}}]]<br />
| [[Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|B}}]]<br />
| [[Liberal Party (Imagua)|{{color|#c5c12b|L}}]]<br />
| [[Imaguan Section of the Workers' International|{{color|#ED1C24|W}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]'''<br />
| '''29'''<br />
| {{nowrap|{{increase}} 7}}<br />
| 105,424<br />
| 31.63%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Labour Party (Imagua)|Labour Party]]'''<br />
|'''5'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 2<br />
| 75,663<br />
| 22.70%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#c5c12b;" color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Liberal Party (Imagua)|Liberal Party]]'''<br />
|'''4'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 5<br />
| 76,993<br />
| 23.10%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#ED1C24; color:white"|<br />
|{{nowrap|'''[[Imaguan Section of the Workers' International]]'''}}<br />
|'''1'''<br />
|{{nochange}}<br />
| 64,727<br />
| 19.42%<br />
| '''Fourth Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''39'''<br />
|<br />
|333,302<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|552,465<br />
|60.33%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1944===<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:23em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:blue; width:77.5%; color:white;" | 31<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:12.5%; color:white;" | 5<br />
| style="background:#c5c12b; width:7.5%; color:white;" | 3<br />
| style="background:#ED1C24; width:2.5%; color:white;" | 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|S}}]]<br />
| [[Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|B}}]]<br />
| [[Liberal Party (Imagua)|{{color|#c5c12b|L}}]]<br />
| [[Imaguan Section of the Workers' International|{{color|#ED1C24|W}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]'''<br />
| '''31'''<br />
| {{nowrap|{{increase}} 2}}<br />
| 126,435<br />
| 41.30%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Labour Party (Imagua)|Labour Party]]'''<br />
|'''5'''<br />
|{{nochange}}<br />
| 95,515<br />
| 31.20%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#c5c12b;" color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Liberal Party (Imagua)|Liberal Party]]'''<br />
|'''3'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 1<br />
| 59,814<br />
| 19.54%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#ED1C24;" color:white"|<br />
|{{nowrap|'''[[Imaguan Section of the Workers' International]]'''}}<br />
|'''1'''<br />
|{{nochange}}<br />
| 17,445<br />
| 5.70%<br />
| '''Fourth Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''40'''<br />
|<br />
|306,139<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|492,739<br />
|62.13%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1948===<br />
=====Presidential election=====<br />
<center><br />
{| width=20% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! Nominee<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]'''}}<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Walter Redmond Keswick]]'''}}<br />
| 324,596<br />
| 59.21%<br />
|{{ya}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]<br />
| [[Wilbur Smith]]<br />
| 223,623<br />
| 40.79%<br />
| {{na}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Total<br />
|548,219<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|813,020<br />
|67.30%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
====House of Commons====<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:37em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:blue; width:60.6%; color:white;" | 40<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:36.5%; color:white;" | 24<br />
| style="background:#ED1C24; width:2.9%; color:white;" | 2<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|S}}]]<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|D}}]]<br />
| [[West Arucian Section of the Workers' International|{{color|#ED1C24|W}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]'''<br />
| '''40'''<br />
| {{increase}} 9<br />
| 227,189<br />
| 41.44%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''<br />
|'''24'''<br />
| {{nowrap|{{increase}} 16}}<br />
| 218,027<br />
| 39.77%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#ED1C24;" color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[West Arucian Section of the Workers' International]]'''}}<br />
|'''2'''<br />
| {{increase}} 1<br />
| 91,058<br />
| 16.77%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''66'''<br />
|<br />
|548,219<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|813,020<br />
|67.30%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1952===<br />
=====Presidential election=====<br />
<center><br />
{| width=20% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! Nominee<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]'''}}<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Walter Redmond Keswick]]'''}}<br />
| 283,937<br />
| 54.99%<br />
|{{ya}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]<br />
| [[Herschel Ahern]]<br />
| 232,077<br />
| 44.95%<br />
| {{na}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Total<br />
|516,329<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|779,717<br />
|66.22%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
====House of Commons====<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:36em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:60.3%; color:white;" | 38<br />
| style="background:blue; width:38.1%; color:white;" | 24<br />
| style="background:#ED1C24; width:1.6%; color:white;" | 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|D}}]]<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|S}}]]<br />
| [[West Arucian Section of the Workers' International|{{color|#ED1C24|W}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''<br />
|'''38'''<br />
| {{nowrap|{{increase}} 14}}<br />
| 259,714<br />
| 50.03%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]'''<br />
| '''24'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 16<br />
| 214,190<br />
| 41.48%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#ED1C24;" color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[West Arucian Section of the Workers' International]]'''}}<br />
|'''1'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 1<br />
| 30,980<br />
| 6.00%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''63'''<br />
|<br />
|516,329<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|779,717<br />
|66.22%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1956===<br />
=====Presidential election=====<br />
<center><br />
{| width=20% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! Nominee<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]'''}}<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Venanzio Mazzone]]'''}}<br />
| 339,586<br />
| 61.80%<br />
|{{ya}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]<br />
| [[Herschel Ahern]]<br />
| 209,687<br />
| 38.16%<br />
| {{na}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Total<br />
|549,488<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|803,345<br />
|68.40%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
====House of Commons====<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:36em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:blue; width:55.6%; color:white;" | 35<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:44.4%; color:white;" | 28<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|S}}]]<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|D}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
|{{nowrap|'''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]'''}}<br />
| '''35'''<br />
|{{increase}} 11<br />
| 309,362<br />
| 56.30%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''<br />
|'''28'''<br />
|{{nowrap|{{decrease}} 10}}<br />
| 217,312<br />
| 39.55%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''63'''<br />
|<br />
|549,488<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|803,345<br />
|68.40%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1960===<br />
====Presidential election====<br />
<center><br />
{| width=20% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! Nominee<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
| '''[[Eric Fleming]]'''<br />
| 351,647<br />
| 52.78%<br />
| {{ya}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Venanzio Mazzone]]}}<br />
| 314,535<br />
| 47.21%<br />
|{{na}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Total<br />
|666,251<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|838,790<br />
|79.43%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
====House of Commons====<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:36em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:63.3%; color:white;" | 38<br />
| style="background:blue; width:40%; color:white;" | 25<br />
|-<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party of (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|D}}]]<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|S}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''<br />
|'''38'''<br />
|{{nowrap|{{increase}} 10}}<br />
| 345,784<br />
| 51.90%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]'''}}<br />
| '''25'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 10<br />
| 278,553<br />
| 41.81%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''63'''<br />
|<br />
|666,251<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|838,790<br />
|79.43%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1964===<br />
====Presidential election====<br />
<center><br />
{| width=20% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! Nominee<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
| '''[[Eric Fleming]]'''<br />
| 376,744<br />
| 57.33%<br />
| {{ya}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]}}<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Pericle Cappetta]]}}<br />
| 279,546<br />
| 42.54%<br />
|{{na}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Total<br />
|657,149<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|869,705<br />
|75.56%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
====House of Commons====<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:37em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:63.1%; color:white;" | 41<br />
| style="background:blue; width:35.4%; color:white;" | 23<br />
| style="background:#4591CB; width:1.5%; color:white;" | 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|D}}]]<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|S}}]]<br />
| [[Assiman Independence Party|{{color|#4591CB|A}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''<br />
|'''41'''<br />
| {{nowrap|{{increase}} 3}}<br />
| 316,872<br />
| 48.22%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]'''<br />
| '''23'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 2<br />
| 267,082<br />
| 40.64%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#4591CB; color:white"|<br />
|{{nowrap|'''[[Assiman Independence Party]]'''}}<br />
|'''1'''<br />
|{{increase}} 1<br />
| 39,147<br />
| 5.96%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''65'''<br />
|<br />
|657,149<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|869,705<br />
|75.56%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1968===<br />
====Presidential election====<br />
<center><br />
{| width=20% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! Nominee<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Efrem Lacovara]]'''}}<br />
| 419,072<br />
| 64.30%<br />
| {{ya}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]}}<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Illidio Dragonetti]]}}<br />
| 232,077<br />
| 35.61%<br />
|{{na}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Total<br />
|651,745<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|878,244<br />
|74.21%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
====House of Commons====<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:37em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:60.0%; color:white;" | 39<br />
| style="background:blue; width:36.9%; color:white;" | 24<br />
| style="background:#4591CB; width:3.1%; color:white;" | 2<br />
|-<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|D}}]]<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party|{{color|blue|S}}]]<br />
| [[Assiman Independence Party|{{color|#4591CB|A}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''<br />
|'''39'''<br />
| {{nowrap|{{decrease}} 2}}<br />
| 327,658<br />
| 50.27%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]'''<br />
| '''24'''<br />
|{{increase}} 1<br />
| 232,896<br />
| 35.73%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#4591CB; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Assiman Independence Party]]'''}}<br />
| '''2'''<br />
| {{increase}} 1<br />
| 58,145<br />
| 8.92%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''65'''<br />
|<br />
|651,745<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|878,244<br />
|74.21%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1972===<br />
====Presidential election====<br />
<center><br />
{| width=20% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! Nominee<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Efrem Lacovara]]'''}}<br />
| 434,756<br />
| 68.74%<br />
| {{ya}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]}}<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Martin Ellingham]]}}<br />
| 147,236<br />
| 23.28%<br />
|{{na}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Democratic Party (Imagua)|Democratic Party]]}}<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Rupert Cox]]}}<br />
| 49,779<br />
| 7.87%<br />
|{{na}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Total<br />
|632,464<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|888,292<br />
|71.20%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
====House of Commons====<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:38em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:62.9%; color:white;" | 41<br />
| style="background:blue; width:37.1%; color:white;" | 25<br />
| style="background:#4591CB; width:1.5%; color:white;" | 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|D}}]]<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|S}}]]<br />
| [[Assiman Independence Party|{{color|#4591CB|A}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''<br />
|'''41'''<br />
| {{nowrap|{{increase}} 2}}<br />
| 357,890<br />
| 56.59%<br />
| ''''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]'''}}<br />
| '''25'''<br />
| {{increase}} 1<br />
| 205,931<br />
| 32.56%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#4591CB; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Assiman Independence Party]]'''}}<br />
| '''1'''<br />
| {{decrease}} 1<br />
| 29,917<br />
| 4.74%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''67'''<br />
|<br />
|632,464<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|888,292<br />
|71.20%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1976===<br />
====Presidential election====<br />
<center><br />
{| width=20% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! Nominee<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Anthony Brockett]]'''}}<br />
| 363,166<br />
| 57.52%<br />
| {{ya}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]}}<br />
| [[Oswald Dunning]]<br />
| 169,005<br />
| 26.77%<br />
|{{na}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Democratic Party (Imagua)|Democratic Party]]}}<br />
| [[Clelia Pavon]]<br />
| 93,291<br />
| 14.76%<br />
|{{na}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Total<br />
|631,374<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|900,804<br />
|70.09%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
====House of Commons====<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:38em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:70%; color:white;" | 47<br />
| style="background:blue; width:28.6%; color:white;" | 19<br />
| style="background:#e9a735; width:1.5%; color:white;" | 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|D}}]]<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|S}}]]<br />
| [[Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|#e9a735|M}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''<br />
|'''47'''<br />
| {{nowrap|{{increase}} 6}}<br />
| 368,091<br />
| 58.30%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]'''}}<br />
| '''19'''<br />
| {{decrease}} 6<br />
| 154,740<br />
| 24.51%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Democratic Party (Imagua)|Democratic Party]]'''<br />
|'''1'''<br />
| {{increase}} 1<br />
| 96,600<br />
| 15.30%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''67'''<br />
|<br />
|631,374<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|900,804<br />
|70.09%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1980===<br />
====Presidential election====<br />
<center><br />
{| width=20% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! Nominee<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Anthony Brockett]]'''}}<br />
| 371,003<br />
| 54.85%<br />
| {{ya}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|National Labour Party]]<br />
| [[Clelia Pavon]]<br />
| 161,053<br />
| 23.81%<br />
|{{na}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]}}<br />
| [[Oswald Dunning]]<br />
| 138,337<br />
| 20.45%<br />
|{{na}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Total<br />
|676,371<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|918,982<br />
|73.60%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
====House of Commons====<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:38em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:65.7%; color:white;" | 44<br />
| style="background:blue; width:22.4%; color:white;" | 15<br />
| style="background:#e9a735; width:11.9%; color:white;" | 8<br />
|-<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|D}}]]<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|S}}]]<br />
| [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#e9a735|N}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''<br />
|'''44'''<br />
| {{nowrap|{{decrease}} 3}}<br />
| 281,066<br />
| 41.55%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]'''}}<br />
| '''15'''<br />
| {{decrease}} 4<br />
| 142,922<br />
| 21.13%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#e9a735; color white"|<br />
| '''[[National Labour Party (Imagua)|National Labour Party]]'''<br />
| '''8'''<br />
| {{increase}} 7<br />
| 172,164<br />
| 25.45%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''67'''<br />
|<br />
|676,371<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|918,982<br />
|73.60%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1981===<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:38em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:67.2%; color:white;" | 45<br />
| style="background:blue; width:19.4%; color:white;" | 13<br />
| style="background:#e9a735; width:13.4%; color:white;" | 9<br />
|-<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|D}}]]<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|S}}]]<br />
| [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#e9a735|N}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''<br />
|'''45'''<br />
| {{nowrap|{{increase}} 1}}<br />
| 328,568<br />
| 49.70%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]'''}}<br />
| '''13'''<br />
| {{decrease}} 2<br />
| 131,878<br />
| 19.95%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#e9a735; color white"|<br />
| '''[[National Labour Party (Imagua)|National Labour Party]]'''<br />
| '''9'''<br />
| {{increase}} 1 <br />
| 156,599<br />
| 23.69%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''67'''<br />
|<br />
|661,100<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|920,752<br />
|71.80%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1984===<br />
====Presidential election====<br />
<center><br />
{| width=20% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! Nominee<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Marguerite Ernman]]'''}}<br />
| 295,934<br />
| 52.39%<br />
| {{ya}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|National Labour Party]]<br />
| [[Travis Marshall]]<br />
| 188,224<br />
| 33.33%<br />
|{{na}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]}}<br />
| [[Roland Arnold]]<br />
| 78,743<br />
| 13.94%<br />
|{{na}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Total<br />
|564,868<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|923,137<br />
|61.19%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
====House of Commons====<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:37em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:67.2%; color:white;" | 43<br />
| style="background:#e9a735; width:21.9%; color:white;" | 14<br />
| style="background:blue; width:10.9%; color:white;" | 7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|D}}]]<br />
| [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#e9a735|N}}]]<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|S}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''<br />
|'''43'''<br />
|{{nowrap|{{decrease}} 2}}<br />
| 288,478<br />
| 51.07%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#e9a735; color white"|<br />
| '''[[National Labour Party (Imagua)|National Labour Party]]'''<br />
| '''14'''<br />
| {{increase}} 5<br />
| 161,437<br />
| 28.58%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]'''}}<br />
| '''7'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 6<br />
| 93,042<br />
| 16.47%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''64'''<br />
|<br />
|564,868<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|923,137<br />
|61.19%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1988===<br />
====Presidential election====<br />
<center><br />
{| width=20% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! Nominee<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Marguerite Ernman]]'''}}<br />
| 323,126<br />
| 55.47%<br />
| {{ya}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|National Labour Party]]<br />
| [[Marino Guccio]]<br />
| 196,249<br />
| 33.69%<br />
|{{na}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]}}<br />
| [[Iacopo Zulli]]<br />
| 62,233<br />
| 10.68%<br />
|{{na}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Total<br />
|582,524<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|920,259<br />
|63.30%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
====House of Commons====<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:37em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:59.4%; color:white;" | 38<br />
| style="background:#e9a735; width:39.0%; color:white;" | 25<br />
| style="background:blue; width:1.6%; color:white;" | 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|D}}]]<br />
| [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#e9a735|N}}]]<br />
| [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|{{color|blue|S}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''<br />
|'''38'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 5<br />
| 286,019<br />
| 49.10%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[National Labour Party (Imagua)|National Labour Party]]'''<br />
| '''25'''<br />
|{{nowrap|{{increase}} 11}}<br />
| 185,243<br />
| 31.80%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
|{{nowrap|'''[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]'''}}<br />
|'''1'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 6<br />
| 89,067<br />
| 15.29%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''64'''<br />
|<br />
|582,524<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|920,259<br />
|63.30%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1992===<br />
====Presidential election====<br />
<center><br />
{| width=20% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! Nominee<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Isidoro Libero]]'''}}<br />
| 339,970<br />
| 54.87%<br />
| {{ya}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|National Labour Party]]<br />
| [[Marino Guccio]]<br />
| 237,754<br />
| 38.37%<br />
|{{na}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:blue; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democratic Party]]}}<br />
| [[Iacopo Zulli]]<br />
| 39,743<br />
| 6.41%<br />
|{{na}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Total<br />
|619,634<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|946,005<br />
|65.50%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
====House of Commons====<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:38em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:55.3%; color:white;" | 37<br />
| style="background:#e9a735; width:44.7%; color:white;" | 30<br />
|-<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|D}}]]<br />
| [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#e9a735|N}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
|{{nowrap|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
|'''37'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 1<br />
| 281,364<br />
| 45.41%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
|'''[[National Labour Party (Imagua)|National Labour Party]]'''<br />
|'''30'''<br />
| {{nowrap|{{increase}} 5}}<br />
| 236,824<br />
| 38.22%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''67'''<br />
|<br />
|619,634<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|946,005<br />
|65.50%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===1996===<br />
====Presidential election====<br />
<center><br />
{| width=20% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! Nominee<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[National Labour Party (Imagua)|National Labour Party]]'''<br />
| '''[[Dale Morse]]'''<br />
| 349,838<br />
| 51.62%<br />
|{{ya}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]}}<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Isidoro Libero]]}}<br />
| 319,070<br />
| 47.08%<br />
| {{na}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Total<br />
|677,718<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|990,816<br />
|68.40%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
====House of Commons====<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:38em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:58.6%; color:white;" | 39<br />
| style="background:#e9a735; width:41.4%; color:white;" | 28<br />
|-<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|D}}]]<br />
| [[National Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#e9a735|N}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
|{{nowrap|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
|'''39'''<br />
|{{nowrap|{{increase}} 2}}<br />
| 272,442<br />
| 40.20%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[National Labour Party (Imagua)|National Labour Party]]'''<br />
| '''28'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 2<br />
| 241,945<br />
| 35.70%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''67'''<br />
|<br />
|677,718<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|990,816<br />
|68.40%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===2000===<br />
====Presidential election====<br />
<center><br />
{| width=20% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! Nominee<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Labour Party]]'''<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Erico D'Antonio]]'''}}<br />
| 609,928<br />
| 61.49%<br />
|{{ya}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]}}<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Gerald Larsson]]}}<br />
| 231,008<br />
| 27.34%<br />
| {{na}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Total<br />
|844,892<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|1,034,061<br />
|81.71%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
====House of Commons====<br />
{{main|2000 Imaguan parliamentary election}}<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:38em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#e9a735; width:67.2%; color:white;" | 45<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:32.8%; color:white;" | 22<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#e9a735|S}}]]<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|D}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Labour Party]]'''<br />
| '''45'''<br />
| {{nowrap|{{increase}} 17}}<br />
| 472,295<br />
| 55.90%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]}}<br />
|'''22'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 17<br />
| 272,055<br />
| 32.20%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''67'''<br />
|<br />
|844,892<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|1,034,061<br />
|81.71%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===2004===<br />
====Presidential election====<br />
<center><br />
{| width=20% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! Nominee<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Labour Party]]'''<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Erico D'Antonio]]'''}}<br />
| 390,219<br />
| 54.83%<br />
|{{ya}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]}}<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Ladislao Colacino]]}}<br />
| 320,623<br />
| 45.05%<br />
| {{na}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Total<br />
|711,689<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|982,996<br />
|72.40%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
====House of Commons====<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:39em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#e9a735; width:57.4%; color:white;" | 39<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:42.6%; color:white;" | 29<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#e9a735|S}}]]<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|D}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Labour Party]]'''<br />
| '''39'''<br />
| {{nowrap|{{decrease}} 6}}<br />
| 379,330<br />
| 53.30%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
|'''29'''<br />
|{{increase}} 7<br />
| 293,175<br />
| 41.19%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''68'''<br />
|<br />
|711,689<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|982,996<br />
|72.40%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===2008===<br />
====Presidential election====<br />
<center><br />
{| width=20% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! Nominee<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Labour Party]]'''<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Agnes Ingram]]'''}}<br />
| 341,974<br />
| 50.23%<br />
|{{ya}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]}}<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Winnie Read]]}}<br />
| 335,991<br />
| 49.35%<br />
| {{na}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Total<br />
|680,808<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|968,432<br />
|70.30%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
====House of Commons====<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:39em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#e9a735; width:54.4%; color:white;" | 37<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:45.6%; color:white;" | 31<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#e9a735|S}}]]<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|D}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
| '''37'''<br />
| {{nowrap|{{decrease}} 2}}<br />
| 349,935<br />
| 51.40%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
|'''31'''<br />
|{{increase}} 2<br />
| 273,918<br />
| 40.23%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''68'''<br />
|<br />
|680,808<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|968,432<br />
|70.30%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===2012===<br />
====Presidential election====<br />
<center><br />
{| width=20% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! Nominee<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Agnes Ingram]]'''}}<br />
| 361,273<br />
| 53.25%<br />
|{{ya}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]}}<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Immacolata Contessa]]}}<br />
| 316,587<br />
| 46.66%<br />
| {{na}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Total<br />
|678,457<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|971,027<br />
|70.30%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
====House of Commons====<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:40em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#e9a735; width:52.9%; color:white;" | 37<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:45.7%; color:white;" | 32<br />
| style="background:black; width:1.4%; color:white;"| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#e9a735|S}}]]<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|D}}]]<br />
| [[Movement for a New Imagua|{{color|black|M}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
| '''37'''<br />
| {{nochange}}<br />
| 336,515<br />
| 49.60%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
|'''32'''<br />
|{{nowrap|{{increase}} 1}}<br />
| 248,553<br />
| 36.64%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:black; color:white"|<br />
|{{nowrap|'''[[Movement for a New Imagua]]'''}}<br />
|'''1'''<br />
|''new''<br />
| 74,275<br />
| 10.95%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''70'''<br />
|<br />
|678,457<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|971,027<br />
|69.87%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===2016===<br />
====Presidential election====<br />
<center><br />
{| width=20% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! Nominee<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Edmondo Privitera]]'''}}<br />
| 473,940<br />
| 63.58%<br />
| {{ya}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Labour Party]]}}<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Saverio Merante]]}}<br />
| 270,639<br />
| 36.30%<br />
|{{na}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Total<br />
|745,475<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|1,029,662<br />
|72.39%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
====House of Commons====<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:40em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:51.4%; color:white;" | 36<br />
| style="background:#e9a735; width:40.0%; color:white;" | 28<br />
| style="background:black; width:7.2%; color:white;"| 5<br />
| style="background:#2D902D; width:1.4%; color:white;"| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|D}}]]<br />
| [[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#e9a735|S}}]]<br />
| [[Movement for a New Imagua (Imagua)|{{color|black|M}}]]<br />
| [[Green Party (Imagua)|{{color|#2D902D|G}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
|'''36'''<br />
|{{increase}} 4<br />
| 333,227<br />
| 44.70%<br />
| '''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
| '''28'''<br />
| {{nowrap|{{decrease}} 9}}<br />
| 234,708<br />
| 31.84%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:black; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Movement for a New Imagua]]'''}}<br />
| '''5'''<br />
| {{increase}} 4<br />
| 107,794<br />
| 14.46%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#2D902D; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[Green Party (Imagua)|Green Party]]'''<br />
| '''1'''<br />
|''new''<br />
| 50,191<br />
| 6.73%<br />
| '''Fourth Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''70'''<br />
|<br />
|745,475 <br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|1,029,662<br />
|72.39%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
===2020===<br />
====Presidential election====<br />
<center><br />
{| width=20% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! Nominee<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Edmondo Privitera]]'''}}<br />
| 516,921<br />
| 57.16%<br />
| {{ya}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Labour Party]]}}<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Dennis Egnell]]}}<br />
| 383,417<br />
| 42.40%<br />
|{{na}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|Total<br />
|904,305<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|1,159,366<br />
|78.00%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
====House of Commons====<br />
<center><br />
{| style="width:40em; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"<br />
|+ ↓<br />
| style="background:#CE1127; width:45.7%; color:white;" | 32<br />
| style="background:#e9a735; width:35.7%; color:white;" | 25<br />
| style="background:black; width:15.7%; color:white;"| 11<br />
| style="background:#2D902D; width:2.9%; color:white;"| 2<br />
|-<br />
| [[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#CE1127|D}}]]<br />
| [[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|{{color|#e9a735|S}}]]<br />
| [[Movement for a New Imagua|{{color|black|M}}]]<br />
| [[Green Party (Imagua)|{{color|#2D902D|G}}]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width=22% class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"<br />
! width=1%|<br />
! width=16%|Party<br />
! width=2%|Seats<br />
! width=3%|+/-<br />
! Votes<br />
! width=3%|%<br />
! Status<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#CE1127; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Imagua)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
|'''32'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 4<br />
| 338,210<br />
| 37.40%<br />
|'''Government'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#e9a735; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Sotirian Labour Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Labour Party]]'''}}<br />
| '''25'''<br />
|{{decrease}} 3<br />
| 327,911<br />
| 36.26%<br />
| {{nowrap|'''Official Opposition'''}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:black; color:white"|<br />
| {{nowrap|'''[[Movement for a New Imagua]]'''}}<br />
| '''11'''<br />
|{{nowrap|{{increase}} 6}}<br />
| 110,012<br />
| 12.17%<br />
| '''Third Party'''<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#2D902D; color:white"|<br />
| '''[[Green Party (Imagua)|Green Party]]'''<br />
| '''2'''<br />
|{{increase}} 1<br />
| 111,229<br />
| 12.30%<br />
| '''Fourth Party'''<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|Total<br />
|'''70'''<br />
|<br />
|904,305<br />
|100%<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=2|{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|1,159,366<br />
|78.00%<br />
|<br />
|}</center><br />
<br />
[[Category:Politics of Imagua and the Assimas]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Flag_of_Imagua_and_the_Assimas&diff=755350Flag of Imagua and the Assimas2024-01-20T22:23:58Z<p>Luziyca: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:National symbols of Imagua and the Assimas]][[Category:Flags]]{{WIP}}{{Infobox flag<br />
| Name = Imagua and the Assimas<br />
| Article = <br />
| Image = File:ImaguaFlag.png<br />
| Noborder = <br />
| Nickname = ''The Flag''<br />
| Morenicks = ''La bandiera'', ''Wahak''<br />
| Use = 111000<br />
| Symbol = <!-- |Use="6-digit FIAV usage code" is required. --><br />
| Proportion = 1:2<br />
| Adoption = 12 February, 1938<br />
| Design = Four equally-sized quadrants of black, red, blue, and green, with a white cross charged in the middle<br />
}}<br />
The '''flag of Imagua and the Assimas''' is the {{wp|national flag}} of [[Imagua and the Assimas]]. Designed by member of Parliament [[Howard Petrucionis]], it was adopted by [[Parliament of Imagua and the Assimas|Parliament]] to commemorate the first anniversary since [[Estmere]] granted it "equal partner status" in 1938, with the flag being officially used for the first time on 12 February, 1938.<br />
<br />
This flag was maintained following the cession of the [[Assimas Islands]] from [[Etruria]] to Imagua after the [[Solarian War]] in 1946, and its subsequent independence from Estmere in 1948.<br />
<br />
==Design==<br />
The flag comprises of four equal quadrants, separated by a white cross, arranged in a manner to reflect the [[Flag of Estmere|Estmerish flag]].<br />
<br />
Officially, the black quadrant at the upper left-hand corner of the flag represents Imagua's volcanic soil; the red quadrant on the upper right represents the blood shed during the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]]; the blue quadrant on the lower left represents the [[West Arucian Sea]], and the green quadrant on the lower right represents the lush vegetation. The white cross separating the quadrants is meant to echo the black cross found on the Estmerish flag, and to represent [[Sotirianity]].<br />
<br />
Unofficially, some of the colors on Imagua's flag have other meanings, with black often being described as representing either the [[Etruro-Imaguan people|Etrurian]] community or the [[Bahio-Imaguan people|Bahio-Imaguan]] community; red as representing the blood shed during slavery and the [[Transvehemens slave trade]]; green as representing the wealth of the country, and white as representing either the [[Estmero-Imaguan people|Estmero-Imaguan]] population, or the [[Eucleo-Imaguan people|Euclean]] population as a collective.<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
<gallery><br />
ImaguaColonialFlag.png|Colonial flag (1771-1938)<br />
ImaguaFlag.png|National flag (1938-present)<br />
Imaguastandard.png|Presidential standard (1938-present)<br />
Imaguanavy.png|Naval standard/Coast Guard standard (1938-present)<br />
</gallery></div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Flag_of_Imagua_and_the_Assimas&diff=755078Flag of Imagua and the Assimas2024-01-20T18:13:08Z<p>Luziyca: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:National symbols of Imagua and the Assimas]][[Category:Flags]]{{WIP}}{{Infobox flag<br />
| Name = Imagua and the Assimas<br />
| Article = <br />
| Image = File:ImaguaFlag.png<br />
| Noborder = <br />
| Nickname = ''The Flag''<br />
| Morenicks = ''La bandiera''<br />
| Use = 111000<br />
| Symbol = <!-- |Use="6-digit FIAV usage code" is required. --><br />
| Proportion = 1:2<br />
| Adoption = 12 February, 1938<br />
| Design = Four equally-sized quadrants of black, red, blue, and green, with a white cross charged in the middle<br />
}}<br />
The '''flag of Imagua and the Assimas''' is the {{wp|national flag}} of [[Imagua and the Assimas]]. Designed by member of Parliament [[Howard Petrucionis]], it was adopted by [[Parliament of Imagua and the Assimas|Parliament]] to commemorate the first anniversary since [[Estmere]] granted it "equal partner status" in 1938, with the flag being officially used for the first time on 12 February, 1938.<br />
<br />
This flag was maintained following the cession of the [[Assimas Islands]] from [[Etruria]] to Imagua after the [[Solarian War]] in 1946, and its subsequent independence from Estmere in 1948.<br />
<br />
==Design==<br />
The flag comprises of four equal quadrants, separated by a white cross, arranged in a manner to reflect both the [[Flag of Estmere|Estmerish flag]].<br />
<br />
Officially, the black quadrant at the upper left-hand corner of the flag represents Imagua's volcanic soil; the red quadrant on the upper right represents the blood shed during the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]]; the blue quadrant on the lower left represents the [[West Arucian Sea]], and the green quadrant on the lower right represents the lush vegetation. The white cross separating the quadrants is meant to echo the black cross found on the Estmerish flag, and to represent [[Sotirianity]].<br />
<br />
Unofficially, some of the colors on Imagua's flag have other meanings, with black often being described as representing either the [[Etruro-Imaguan people|Etrurian]] community or the [[Bahio-Imaguan people|Bahio-Imaguan]] community; red as representing the blood shed during slavery and the [[Transvehemens slave trade]]; green as representing the wealth of the country, and white as representing either the [[Estmero-Imaguan people|Estmero-Imaguan]] population, or the [[Eucleo-Imaguan people|Euclean]] population as a collective.<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
<gallery><br />
ImaguaColonialFlag.png|Colonial flag (1771-1938)<br />
ImaguaFlag.png|National flag (1938-present)<br />
Imaguastandard.png|Presidential standard (1938-present)<br />
Imaguanavy.png|Naval standard/Coast Guard standard (1938-present)<br />
</gallery></div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Flag_of_Imagua_and_the_Assimas&diff=755077Flag of Imagua and the Assimas2024-01-20T18:12:57Z<p>Luziyca: how dare people notice things being inconsistent :P</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:National symbols of Imagua and the Assimas]][[Category:Flags]]{{WIP}}{{Infobox flag<br />
| Name = Imagua and the Assimas<br />
| Article = <br />
| Image = File:ImaguaFlag.png<br />
| Noborder = <br />
| Nickname = ''The Flag''<br />
| Morenicks = ''La bandiera''<br />
| Use = 111000<br />
| Symbol = <!-- |Use="6-digit FIAV usage code" is required. --><br />
| Proportion = 1:2<br />
| Adoption = 12 February, 1938<br />
| Design = Four equally-sized quadrants of black, red, and green, with a white cross charged in the middle<br />
}}<br />
The '''flag of Imagua and the Assimas''' is the {{wp|national flag}} of [[Imagua and the Assimas]]. Designed by member of Parliament [[Howard Petrucionis]], it was adopted by [[Parliament of Imagua and the Assimas|Parliament]] to commemorate the first anniversary since [[Estmere]] granted it "equal partner status" in 1938, with the flag being officially used for the first time on 12 February, 1938.<br />
<br />
This flag was maintained following the cession of the [[Assimas Islands]] from [[Etruria]] to Imagua after the [[Solarian War]] in 1946, and its subsequent independence from Estmere in 1948.<br />
<br />
==Design==<br />
The flag comprises of four equal quadrants, separated by a white cross, arranged in a manner to reflect both the [[Flag of Estmere|Estmerish flag]].<br />
<br />
Officially, the black quadrant at the upper left-hand corner of the flag represents Imagua's volcanic soil; the red quadrant on the upper right represents the blood shed during the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]]; the blue quadrant on the lower left represents the [[West Arucian Sea]], and the green quadrant on the lower right represents the lush vegetation. The white cross separating the quadrants is meant to echo the black cross found on the Estmerish flag, and to represent [[Sotirianity]].<br />
<br />
Unofficially, some of the colors on Imagua's flag have other meanings, with black often being described as representing either the [[Etruro-Imaguan people|Etrurian]] community or the [[Bahio-Imaguan people|Bahio-Imaguan]] community; red as representing the blood shed during slavery and the [[Transvehemens slave trade]]; green as representing the wealth of the country, and white as representing either the [[Estmero-Imaguan people|Estmero-Imaguan]] population, or the [[Eucleo-Imaguan people|Euclean]] population as a collective.<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
<gallery><br />
ImaguaColonialFlag.png|Colonial flag (1771-1938)<br />
ImaguaFlag.png|National flag (1938-present)<br />
Imaguastandard.png|Presidential standard (1938-present)<br />
Imaguanavy.png|Naval standard/Coast Guard standard (1938-present)<br />
</gallery></div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=List_of_languages_(Kylaris)&diff=753917List of languages (Kylaris)2024-01-18T01:12:54Z<p>Luziyca: /* !Niger-Congo */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{wip}}<br />
==List of languages by genealogy==<br />
<br />
===Ansenic===<br />
* {{wp|Korean language|Ansene}}<br />
<br />
===Armonic===<br />
*{{wp|Finnic languages|Kireno-Kantemoshan}}<br />
**{{wp|Estonian language|Kirenian}}<br />
**{{wp|Finnish langauge|Kantemoshan}}<br />
*{{wp|Ugric languages|Savadic}}<br />
**{{wp|Hungarian language|Savader}}<br />
<br />
===Cotrataic===<br />
*{{wp|Nivkh languages|Cotratic}}<br />
<br />
===Dabu===<br />
*{{wp|Yaruro language|Dabu}}<br />
<br />
===Esamanic===<br />
*{{wp|Ainu languages|Esamankur}}<br />
<br />
===Hongcha-Chanwan===<br />
*{{wp|Sinitic languages|Hongcha}}<br />
** {{wp|Mandarin Chinese|Putonghua}}<br />
<br />
===Kasi-Wuzhi===<br />
<!-- Tai-Kadai --><br />
* {{wp|Tai languages|Kasi}}<br />
** {{wp|Lao language|Kachai}}<br />
** {{wp|Isan language|Kasi Lue}}<br />
** {{wp|Central Thai|Kasine}}<br />
<br />
===Kiruic===<br />
* {{wp|Aymara language|Kirua}}<br />
<br />
===Runancic===<br />
* {{wp|Quechuan languages|Runanca}}<br />
<br />
===Satrio-Euclean===<br />
* {{wp|Italic languages|Solaric}}<br />
** {{wp|Romanian language|Amathian}}<br />
** {{wp|Occitano-Romance languages|Aurengian}}<br />
** {{wp|Walloon language|Autuzian}}<br />
** {{wp|Spanish language|Esmeiran}}<br />
** {{wp|Jèrriais|Flurian}}<br />
** {{wp|French language|Gaullican}}<br />
** {{wp|Venedic language|Kasavrine}}<br />
** {{wp|Portuguese language|Luzelese}}<br />
** {{wp|Aromanian language|Malvian}}<br />
** {{wp|Megleno-Romanian language|Marisian}}<br />
** [[Montecaran language|Montecaran]]<br />
** {{wp|Venetian language|Povelian}}<br />
** {{wp|Chipilo Venetian dialect|Semaran}}<br />
** {{wp|Dalmatian language|Sorian}}<br />
** {{wp|Catalan language|Tosuton}}<br />
** {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}<br />
** {{wp|Galician language|Visegan}}<br />
** {{wp|Istro-Romanian language|Zirnarian}}<br />
<br />
* {{wp|Indo-Iranian languages|Satrio-Pardarian}}<br />
** {{wp|Marathi language|Harringhati}}<br />
** {{wp|Gujarati language|Himavantan}}<br />
** {{wp|Hindi language|Matrabashi}}<br />
** {{wp|Pashto language|Mershi}}<br />
** {{wp|Persian language|Pardarian}}<br />
** {{wp|Bengali language|Prasumi}}<br />
** {{wp|Telugu language|Tamisari}}<br />
** {{wp|Malayalam language|Valarna}}<br />
** {{wp|Assamese language|Vijayla}}<br />
** {{wp|Punjabi language|Zubadi}}<br />
<br />
* {{wp|Balto-Slavic languages|Rutto-Marolevic}}<br />
** {{wp|Belarusian language|Belosoravian}}<br />
** {{wp|Czech language|Bistravian}}<br />
** {{wp|Silesian language|Chrebian}}<br />
** {{wp|Church Slavonic|Church Marolevic}}<br />
** {{wp|Russian langauge|Ilmenian}}<br />
** {{wp|Polish langauge|Miersan}}<br />
** {{wp|Lithuanian langauge|Ruttish}}<br />
** {{wp|Upper Sorbian language|Sarabian}}<br />
** {{wp|Rusyn language|Soravian}}<br />
** {{wp|Bulgarian language|Tengarian}}<br />
** {{wp|Moravian dialects|Vysemian}}<br />
<br />
* {{wp|Celtic languages|Tenic}}<br />
** {{wp|Irish language|Ghaillish}}<br />
<br />
* {{wp|Germanic languages|Weranic}}<br />
** {{wp|Low German language|Aldman}}<br />
**{{wp|Afrikaans language|Asteriaans}}<br />
** [[Azmaran language|Azmaran]]<br />
** [[Borish language|Borish]]<br />
** {{wp|English language|Estmerish}}<br />
** {{wp|Anglo-Frisian_languages#Anglic_languages|Swathish}}<br />
** {{wp|German language|Weranian}}<br />
<br />
===Senric===<br />
* {{wp|Japanese language|Senrian}}<br />
* {{wp|Ryukyuan languages|Isotaman}}<br />
<br />
===Tavic===<br />
<!-- Language isolate spoken in Tava --><br />
<br />
*Insular Tavic<br />
**[[Tavan language|Tavan]]<br />
**[[Tavan language#Moribh|Moribh]]<br />
<br />
*Mainland Tavic<br />
**[[Nari language|Nari]]<br />
<br />
===Vehemenic===<br />
* {{wp|Javanese language|Kabuese}}<br />
* [[Pelangi language|Pelangi]]<br />
<br />
===Zibaic===<br />
* [[Ziba]]<br />
<br />
===Tankari===<br />
<!-- Dravidian --><br />
<br />
<br />
===!Afroasiatic===<br />
* {{wp|Semitic languages|Trans-Hamadan}}<br />
** {{wp|Tigrinyan language|Akortu-Ruku}}<br />
** {{wp|Tigre language|Iwa}}<br />
** {{wp|Arabic language|Rahelian}}<br />
** {{wp|Hebrew language|Atudean}}<br />
** {{wp|Amharic language|Talanizi}}<br />
<br />
* {{wp|Cushtic languages|!Cushtic}}<br />
** {{wp|Oromo language|Gero}}<br />
** {{wp|Somali language|Kaabura}}<br />
** {{wp|Agaw language|Zamtana}}<br />
<br />
* {{wp|Chadic languages|!Chadic}}<br />
** {{wp|Hausa language|Zamga}}<br />
<br />
===!Araucanian===<br />
*{{wp|Mapudungun|Chanuche}}<br />
*{{wp|Huilliche language|Temènca}}<br />
<br />
===!Austroasiatic===<br />
* {{wp|Vietic languages|Naitic}}<br />
** {{wp|Vietnamese language|Nainese}}<br />
<br />
===!Hmong-Mien===<br />
<br />
<br />
===!Kartvelian===<br />
<br />
<br />
===!Mande===<br />
<br />
<br />
===!Mongolic===<br />
<br />
<br />
===Odo-Gondic===<br />
*{{wp|Atlantic-Congo languages|!Atlantic-Congo}}<br />
**{{wp|West Atlantic languages|!West Atlantic}}<br />
***{{wp|Senegambian languages|!Senegambian}}<br />
****{{wp|Serer language|Doudagi}}-{{wp|Fula language|Ndjarendie}}<br />
*****{{wp|Serer language|Doudagi}}<br />
*****{{wp|Fulani|Ndjarendie}}<br />
**{{wp|Volta-Congo languages|!Volta-Congo}}<br />
***{{wp|Benue-Congo languages|!Benue-Congo}}<br />
****{{wp|Cross River languages|!Cross River}}<br />
*****{{wp|Lower Cross languages|!Lower Cross}}<br />
******{{wp|Ibibio-Efik languages|!Ibibio-Efik}}<br />
*******{{wp|Ibibio language|Larong}}<br />
****{{wp|Akpes languages|!Akpes}}-{{wp|Edoid languages|Edoid}}<br />
*****{{wp|Edoid languages|!Edoid}}<br />
******North Central<br />
*******!Edo-Esan-Ora<br />
********{{wp|Edo language|Awa}}<br />
****{{wp|Bantoid languages|!Bantoid}}<br />
*****{{wp|Northern Bantoid languages|!Northern Bantoid}}<br />
*****{{wp|Southern Bantoid languages|!Southern Bantoid}}<br />
******{{wp|Makua languages|!Makua}}<br />
*******{{wp|Lomwe language|Odimbo}}<br />
*******{{wp|Makhuwa language|eOnikhuma}}<br />
******{{wp|Bantu languages|Oulumic languages}}<br />
*******{{wp|Beti languages|!Beti}}<br />
********{{wp|Fang language|Tani}}<br />
*******{{wp|Kongo languages|Kihoungana}}-{{wp|Yaka languages|!Yaka}}<br />
********{{wp|Kongo language|Kihoungana}}<br />
*******{{wp|Rufiji–Ruvuma languages}}<br />
********{{wp|Makonde language|Matambwe}}<br />
*******{{wp|Northeast Bantu languages|!Northeast Oulume}}<br />
********!Thagiicu<br />
*********{{wp|Kikuyu language|Andulu}}-!Temi<br />
**********{{wp|Kikuyu language|Andulu}}<br />
********{{wp|Northeast Coast Bantu|!Northeast Coast Bantu}}<br />
*********!Ruvu<br />
**********{{wp|Gogo language|Manyoni}}<br />
*********{{wp|Sabaki languages|!Sabaki}}<br />
**********{{wp|Mijikenda language|Tanga}}<br />
**********{{wp|Swahili language|Watuajua}}<br />
********{{wp|Great Lakes Bantu languages|!Great Lakes Bantu}}<br />
*********{{wp|Rwanda-Rundi|Randa-Kirobyi}}<br />
**********{{wp|Kiranda|Kirobyi}}<br />
**********{{wp|Kirundi|Randa}}<br />
*********!Bena-Kinga languages<br />
**********{{wp|Bena language|Iringa}}<br />
**********{{wp|Hehe language|Ruaha}}<br />
*******{{wp|Sabi languages|!Sabi}}<br />
********{{wp|Bemba language|Makomo}}<br />
*******{{wp|Southern Bantu languages}}<br />
********{{wp|Umbundu|Ekole}}<br />
********{{wp|Shona languages|Rwizi languages}}<br />
*********{{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}}<br />
********{{wp|Sotho-Tswana languages|Chikizi-Molisa}}<br />
*********{{wp|Tswana|Chikizi}}<br />
*********{{wp|Sesotho|Molisa}}<br />
********{{wp|Nguni languages|!Nguni}}<br />
*********{{wp|Tekela languages|!Tekela}}<br />
**********{{wp|Swazi language|Nkalu}}<br />
*********{{wp|Zunda languages|!Zunda}}<br />
**********{{wp|Zulu language|Kulo}}<br />
**********{{wp|Northern Ndebele language|Western Nbunguma}}<br />
**********{{wp|Southern Ndebele language|Eastern Nbunguma}}<br />
**********{{wp|Xhosa language|Sisulu}}<br />
********{{wp|Nyasa languages|!Nyasa}}<br />
*********{{wp|Chichewa|Njinji}}<br />
*********Senic<br />
**********{{wp|Sena language|Iwoye}}<br />
**********{{wp|Nyungwe language|Sisungu}}<br />
********{{wp|Tswa-Ronga languages|Iwo-Kenema}}<br />
*********{{wp|Tsonga language|Iwo}}<br />
*********{{wp|Tswa language|Kenema}}<br />
*******{{wp|Venda language|Nwaia}}<br />
****{{wp|Tivoid language|Siran languages}}<br />
*****Central Siran<br />
******{{wp|Tiv language|Sira}}<br />
***{{wp|Savannas languages|!Savannas}}<br />
****{{wp|Gur languages|!Gur}}<br />
*****Southern<br />
******{{wp|Gurunsi languages|!Gurunsi}}<br />
*******Eastern<br />
********{{wp|Kabiye language|Lokpa}}<br />
****{{wp|Zande languages|Paboric}}<br />
*****!Zande-Nzakara<br />
******{{wp|Zande language|Paboro}}<br />
***{{wp|Volta-Niger languages|!Volta-Niger}}<br />
****{{wp|Gbe languages|!Gbe}}<br />
******{{wp|Fon language|Ajaizo}}<br />
******{{wp|Ewe language|Anlo}}<br />
****{{wp|Igboid languages|!Igboid}}<br />
*****!Nuclear Igobid<br />
******{{wp|Igbo language|Mwo}}<br />
****{{wp|Yoruboid languages|Gundavic}}<br />
*****{{wp|Edekiri languages|!Edekiri}}<br />
******{{wp|Yoruba language|Gundava}}<br />
***{{wp|Kwa languages|!Kwa}}<br />
****{{wp|Potou-Tano languages|!Potou-Tano}}<br />
*****{{wp|Tano languages|!Tano}}<br />
******{{wp|Central Tano languages|Ashanic}}<br />
*******{{wp|Akan language|Ashana}}<br />
*{{wp|Mande languages|Bélé}}<br />
**{{wp|Manding languages|!Manding}}<br />
***{{wp|Dyula language|Anana}}<br />
***{{wp|Bambara language|Saban}}<br />
*{{wp|Dogon languages|Sewa}}<br />
<br />
===!Nilo-Saharan===<br />
<br />
<br />
===!Northeast Caucasian===<br />
<br />
===!Trans-New Guinea===<br />
may not exist?<br />
<br />
===!Tupian===<br />
<br />
<br />
===!Turkic===<br />
<br />
<br />
==List of most spoken languages==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Language<br />
! Autonym<br />
! Family<br />
! Spoken in<br />
! Native speakers<br />
! Non-native speakers<br />
! Total speakers<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|French language|Gaullican}}<br />
| gaullois<br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Behera}}<br>{{flag|Cassier}}<br>{{flag|Gaullica}}<br>{{flag|Île d'Émeraude}}<br>{{flagicon image|SCflag.png}} [[Sainte-Chloé]]<br>{{flag|Satucin}}<br>{{flag|Tsabara}}<br>Others<br><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| 400+ million<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Mandarin Chinese|Putonghua}}<br />
| 普通话<br>''pǔtōnghuà''<br />
| {{wp|Sino-Tibetic languages|Hongcha-Chanwan}}<br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Shangea}}<br>'''National language:'''<br>{{flag|Siamat}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| 400+ million<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Japanese language|Senrian}}<br />
| 썬류우고<br>''senryuugo''<br />
| {{wp|Japonic languages|Senric}}<br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Senria}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| 250+ million<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|English language|Estmerish}}<br />
| Estmerish<br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flagcountry|Borland (Kylaris)}}<br>{{flag|Estmere}}<br>{{flag|Imagua and the Assimas}}<br>{{flag|Nuvania}}<br>{{flag|Padaratha}}<br>{{flag|Rwizikuru}}<br>{{flag|Satavia}}<br>Others<br>'''National language:'''<br>{{flag|Marchenia}}<br>{{flag|Rizealand}}<br>Others<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| 200+ million<br />
| Sometimes contended to be a dialect continuum<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ziba]]<br />
| [[File:ZibainZiba.png|frameless]]<br>''ziba''<br />
| Zibaic<br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Dezevau}}<br>'''National language:'''<br>{{flag|Lavana}}<br>'''Recognised language:'''<br>{{flag|Carucere}}<br>'''Recognised regional language:'''<br>{{flag|Hacyinia}}<br>{{flag|Yoloten}}<br />
| ~200 million<br />
| <br />
| 200+ million<br />
| Sometimes contended to be a dialect continuum<br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Rusyn language|Soravian}}<br />
| Народинський'<br>''soravian'skyy''<br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Chistovodia}}<br>{{flag|Ravnia}}<br>{{flag|Soravia}}<br>{{flag|Vinalia}}<br>'''Regional language:'''<br>{{flag|Bistravia}}<br>{{flag|Radushia}}<br>{{flag|Vedmed}}<br>{{flag|West Miersa}}<br />
| 174 million<br />
| 15.5 million<br />
| 189 million<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Arabic language|Rahelian}}<br />
| الراحلية<br>''ar-rāhiliyyah''<br />
| <br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Behera}}<br>{{flag|Nise}}<br>{{flag|Sohar}}<br>{{flag|Tsabara}}<br>{{flag|Zorasan}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| 150+ million<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Persian language|Pardarian}}<br />
| <br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Bamvango}}<br>{{flag|Zorasan}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| 100+ million<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}<br />
| vespasiano<br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Arthasthan}}<br>{{flag|Etruria}}<br>{{flag|Gapolania}}<br>{{flag|Imagua and the Assimas}}<br>{{flag|Adamantina}}<br>'''National language:'''<br>{{flag|Ajahadya}}<br>'''Regional language:'''<br>{{flag|Ardesia}}<br>Others?<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| 100+ million<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|German language|Weranian}}<br />
| ostisch<br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Alsland}}<br>{{flag|Maucha}}<br>{{flag|Werania}}<br>{{flag|Yemet}}<br>'''Regional language:'''<br>{{flagcountry|Borland (Kylaris)}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| 100+ million<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Lao language|Kachai}}<br />
| ກາໄຊ<br>''ka sai''<br />
| {{wp|Kra–Dai_languages|Kasi-Wuzhi}}<br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Lavana}}<br>'''Regional language:'''<br>{{flag|Dezevau}}<br />
| ~54 million<br />
| ~26 million<br />
| ~80 million<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Korean language|Ansene}}<br />
| <br />
| {{wp|Koreanic languages|Ansenic}}<br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Ansan}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| 75+ million<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Spanish language|Esmeiran}}<br />
| esmeirano<br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Paretia}}<br>{{flag|Marchenia}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| 75+ million<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Central Thai|Kasine}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Kuthina}}<br>'''Regional language:'''<br>{{flag|Zomia}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| 75+ million<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Portuguese language|Luzelese}}<br />
| luzelês<br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Belmonte}}<br>{{flag|Paretia}}<br>{{flag|Ardesia}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| 75+ million<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Vietnamese_language|Nainese}}<br />
| 㗂奈<br>''tiếng nại''<br />
| <br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Nainan}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| 75+ million<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Afrikaans language|Asteriaans}}<br />
| Asteriaans<br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Nuvania}}<br>'''National language:'''<br>{{flag|Satavia}}<br />
| ~28 million<br />
| ~22 million<br />
| ~50 million<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Lithuanian language|Ruttish}}<br />
| ruttų kalba<br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Aucuria}}<br>'''Regional language:'''<br>{{flag|Werania}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| ~50 million<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Romanian language|Amathian}}<br />
| ⰰⰿⰰⱚⱐ<br>''amathă''<br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Amathia}}<br><br />
| ~38 million<br />
| ~4 million<br />
| ~41 million<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Bulgarian language|Tengarian}}<br />
| тенгарски<br>''tengarski''<br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flagicon image|TengariaFlag.png}} [[Tengaria]]<br>'''Regional language:'''<br>{{flag|Bistravia}}<br />
| ~23 million<br />
| ~2 million<br />
| ~25 million<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [[Bistravian language|Bistravian]]<br />
| ''бістравскі єӡік''<br>''bistravski jezik''<br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Bistravia}}<br />
| ~9 million<br />
| ~1.5 million<br />
| ~10.5 million<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [[Montecaran language|Montecaran]]<br />
| montecarà<br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Montecara}}<br />
| ~1.2 million<br />
| ~0.3 million<br />
| ~1.5 million<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Marathi language|Harringhati}}<br />
| <br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''Regional language:'''<br>{{flag|Arthasthan}}<br>{{flag|Rajyaghar}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Hindi language|Matrabashi}}<br />
| <br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''Official language:'''<br>{{flag|Arthasthan}}<br>{{flag|Rajyaghar}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Bengali language|Prasumi}}<br />
| <br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''Regional language:'''<br>{{flag|Ajahadya}}<br>{{flag|Arthasthan}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Telugu language|Tamisari}}<br />
| <br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''National language:'''<br>{{flag|Padaratha}}<br>'''Regional language:'''<br>{{flag|Arthasthan}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Malayalam language|Valarna}}<br />
| <br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''National language:'''<br>{{flag|Padaratha}}<br>'''Regional language:'''<br>{{flag|Arthasthan}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Assamese language|Vijayan}}<br />
| <br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''Regional language:'''<br>{{flag|Ansan}}<br>{{flag|Arthasthan}}<br>{{flag|Rajyaghar}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{wp|Punjabi language|Zubadi}}<br />
| <br />
| {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satrio-Euclean}}<br />
| '''Regional language:'''<br>{{flag|Ajahadya}}<br>{{flag|Gulbistan}}<br>{{flag|Rajyaghar}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Institute for Social Linguistics]]<br />
<br />
{{Kylaris}}<br />
[[Category:Language (Kylaris)]]<br />
[[Category:Lists (Kylaris)]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_(Kylaris)&diff=753710List of sovereign states and dependent territories (Kylaris)2024-01-17T18:01:56Z<p>Luziyca: removing Lemovicia from this list was probably long overdue</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Region icon Kylaris}}<br />
The following is a list of {{wp|Sovereign states|sovereign states}} and {{wp|Dependent territory|dependent territories}} around [[Kylaris|the world]]. It includes information on their location, population, and government. <br />
<br />
==Sovereign states==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Name<br />
! Capital<br />
! data-sort-type="number" | Population<br />
! Continent<br />
! Head of state<br />
! Head of government<br />
! Government type<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Alsland.png}} [[Alsland]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Alsland.png}} [[Yndyk]]<br />
| 11,384,499<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[President of Alsland|Hepke Veltman]]<br />
| [[Liekele Ykema]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Belarus (1918, 1991–1995).svg}} [[Amathia]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Belgrade.svg}} [[Arciluco]]<br />
| 35,852,332<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Presidency of Amathia]]<br />
| [[Maria Marcu]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ffff; color:black"| Directorial republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Baean Flag.png}} [[Ansan]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Baean Flag.png}} [[Sangang]]<br />
| 80,348,293<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Lee Seo-yeon]]<br />
| [[Park Young Chul]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon_image|Ardesiaflag.png}} [[Ardesia]]<br />
| {{flagicon_image|Remontflag2.png}} [[Rémont]] & {{flagicon_image|SaoAgostino_flag.png}} [[São Agostino]]<br />
| 54,335,100<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Frédéric Ardila]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Asase Lewa}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Asase Lewa}} [[Edudzi Agyeman City]]<br />
| 70,636,291<br />
| [[Bahia]]<br />
| [[Kwassi Kodjo]]<br />
| [[Presidium of the Supreme Workers' Council (Asase Lewa)|Presidium of the Supreme Workers' Council]]<br />
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon|AFR}} [[Asterian Federative Republic]]<br />
| {{flagicon|AFR}} [[Assunçã]]<br />
| 80,484,000<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Tomas Pereira]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Aucuria}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Aucuria}} [[Kalnaspilis]]<br />
| 44,223,510<br />
| [[Asteria Inferior]]<br />
| [[Žygimantas Barauskas]] <br />
| [[Petras Uspelevičius]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|AuzanceFlag1.png}} [[Auzance]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|AuzanceFlag1.png}} [[Cestiène]]<br />
| 11,461,385<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Houbêrt Louxhî]]<br />
| [[Catrene Burnot]]<br />
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Azmaran Flag.png}} [[Azmara]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Aalmsted Flag.jpeg}} [[Aalmsted]]<br />
| 10,029,100<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Harald Alekssun]]<br />
| [[Freidrik Aleksaanderssun]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Behera}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Behera}} [[Amassine]]<br />
| 37,414,900<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Sadid Bassou Sharifi]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Belmonte_flag.png}} [[Belmonte]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag federalcapital.png}} [[Castelonovo]]<br />
| 36,334,190<br />
| [[Asteria Inferior]]<br />
| [[Caetano Villa-Lobos]]<br />
| [[Rita Maurino]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Bistravia}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Bistravia}} [[Miensk]]<br />
| 10,422,100<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Bistravia|Viktor Kríž]]<br />
| [[Bistravia|Martina Ovoječka]]<br />
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Bonaventure}} <br />
| {{flagicon image|FlagDFQB.png}} [[Sermoni]]<br />
| 3,299,035<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
|colspan="2"|<center>[[Vinicio Nardiello]]</center><br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag_Borland.jpg}} [[Borland (Kylaris)|Borland]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag_newstead.jpg}} [[Newstead]]<br />
| 7,125,000<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Yoghen Hÿþman]]<br />
| [[Anita Hoven]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|BlostlandFlag.jpeg}} [[Blostland|Blostland]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|RaudrenaFlag.jpg}} [[Raudrena]]<br />
| 6,101,832<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Ravel Backström]]<br />
| [[Tomas Lundberg]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|GlytterFlag.png}} [[Caldia]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Spálgleann_Flag.png}} [[Spálgleann]]<br />
| 9,257,180<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Kenneth IV]]<br />
| [[Stiofán Mac Suibhne]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|- <br />
| {{flagicon image|Annene flag.png}} [[Carucere]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Annene flag.png}} [[Carrefour]] <br />
| 537,238<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Neil Gaubina]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Cassier.png}} [[Cassier]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Cassier.png}} [[Nouvelle-Rayenne]]<br />
| 39,689,032<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
| [[Jean Tremblay]]<br />
|<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|- <br />
| {{flag|Champania}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Champania}} [[Brigançon]]<br />
| 12,928,090<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Generalitat of Champania|Generalitat]]<br />
| [[Ponç Guinovaerd]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ffff; color:black"| Directorial republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Chistovodia.png}} [[Chistovodia]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Chistovodia.png}} [[Misto Myru]]<br />
| 61,109,847<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
| [[Viktor Martynenko]]<br />
| [[Angelika Cuvillier]]<br />
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|DezevauFlag.svg}} [[Dezevau]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|DezevauFlag.svg}} [[Bazadavo]]<br />
| 331,710,157<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Congress of Twenties]]<br />
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Duran}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Duran}} [[Chenpodrang]]<br />
| 28,424,000<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Namgyal Gyemtsen]]<br />
| [[Tsering Gyatso]] & [[Xia Kha Yia]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|East Miersa}}<br />
| {{flagdeco|East Miersa}} [[Dyńsk]]<br />
| 21,740,000<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[East Miersa#Government and politics|Presidium]]<br />
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic<br />
|- <br />
| {{flagicon image|Eldmark.png}} [[Eldmark]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|FlagofHammarvik.png}} [[Hammarvik]]<br />
| 34,764,129<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
| [[Thyri I]]<br />
| [[Eno Ahaloke]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Emessa}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Emessa}} [[Himera]]<br />
| 5,681,900<br />
| [[Coius]]/[[Euclea]]<br />
|colspan="2"|<center>[[Baruch Micallef]]</center><br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Estmere}}<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Morwall.png}} [[Morwall]]<br />
| 56,519,373<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Ted Leighton]]<br />
| [[Zoe Halivar]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon|Etruria}} [[Etruria]]<br />
| {{flagicon|Etruria}} [[Poveglia]]<br />
| 65,596,083<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| colspan="2" align="center"|[[Francesco Carcaterra]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Gapolania}}<br />
| {{flagicon image|Nassea_flag.png}} [[Nassea]]<br />
| 19,625,443<br />
| [[Asteria Inferior]] <br />
| [[Mosè Maggiacomo]]<br />
| [[Ivano Cerbone]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Garambura}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Garambura}} [[Mutimukuru]]<br />
| 9,307,192<br />
| [[Coius]] <br />
|[[Sylvain Sikali]]<br />
|[[Tumai Gwisai]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Brabantine Revolution.svg}} [[Gaullica]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Verlois.png}} [[Verlois]]<br />
| 87,176,289<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Monique Degar-Abdulrashid]]<br />
| [[Mathéo Turzyna]]<br />
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|GhamistanFlag.png}} [[Ghamistan]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|GhamistanFlag.png}} [[Maziar City]]<br />
| 136,507,255<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Chavi Rastegar]]<br />
| [[Vahin Kuram]]<br />
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|HacyiniaFlag.png}} [[Hacyinia]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|HacyiniaFlag.png}} Dabulug<br />
| 28,046,377<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| Makbule Arda Khan<br />
| Zhandos Bekbolat<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|- <br />
| {{flag|Hennehouwe}} <br />
| {{flagicon image|Sholle_flag.png}} [[s'Holle]]<br />
| 15,424,398<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Adriaan Wilhelm Paulus]]<br />
| [[Mirjam Schutte]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Île d'Émeraude}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Île d'Émeraude}} [[Port-au-Grégoire]]<br />
| 1,546,923<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
| colspan="2" align="center"|[[Benjamin Claude]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Imagua and the Assimas}}<br />
|{{flagicon|Imagua and the Assimas}} [[Cuanstad]]<br />
| 1,306,505<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
| [[Edmondo Privitera]]<br />
| [[Douglas Egnell]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Kesselbourg}}<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Brussels-Capital Region Variant 2.svg}} [[Kesselbourg City]]<br />
| 1,424,500<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[William II, Prince of Kesselbourg|William II]]<br />
| [[Emmanuel Schmit]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon|Kitaubani}} [[Kitaubani]]<br />
| {{flagicon|Kitaubani}} [[Kwamuimepe]]<br />
| 21,974,231<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Medare I]]<br />
| [[Balarabe Zango]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|- <br />
| {{flagicon image|KuthinaFlag.png}} [[Kuthina]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Bangkok.svg}} [[Chaoban]]<br />
| 192,653,237<br />
| [[Southeast Coius]]<br />
| [[Sivaraksa]]<br />
| [[Kanok Devakula]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Screen Shot 2020-07-18 at 10.31.32 PM.png}} [[Lavana]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Screen Shot 2020-07-18 at 10.31.32 PM.png}} [[Pers]]<br />
| 49,842,742<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Laina Keomany]]<br />
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Maucha}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Maucha}} Kanyabahayadha<br />
| 30,955,202<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| colspan="2" align="center"|[[Werner Okonkwo]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Montecara}}<br />
| {{flag|Montecara}}<br />
| {{MC-pop}}<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| colspan="2" align="center"|[[College of State (Montecara)|College of State]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ffff; color:black"| Directorial republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Nainan}}<br />
| {{flagicon_image|Đại Hùng Đế quốc - Ngọc Giao.png}} [[Trinhieu]]<br />
| 83,840,654<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Cao Long Phong]]<br />
| [[Hoàng Lan Mai]]<br />
| style="background:#aa6f33; color:black"| Authoritarian republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Nakong}}<br />
| [[File:Flag of Ningcho.png|23px|border|link=Ningcho]] [[Ningcho]]<br />
| 15,901,548<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Diane Lau Yuet-kwong]]<br />
| [[Andrew Ng Fan-chiu]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Nirala}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Nirala}} [[Amit Rahul Sidhu City]]<br />
| 236,301,792<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Presidium of Nirala|Presidium]]<br />
| [[Navjot Kharoud]]<br />
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|North Kabu}}<br />
| {{flagicon|North Kabu}} Magelang<br />
| 8,073,283<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Dian Suripto]]<br />
| [[Kumat Dumarwulan]]<br />
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Nuvania}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Nuvania}} Pietersburg<br />
| 48,177,598<br />
| [[Asteria Inferior]]<br />
| [[S.P van Heerdens]]<br />
| [[Robert Marten]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Padaratha}} <br />
| {{flagicon|Padaratha}} Kandukur<br />
| 101,566,203<br />
| [[Satria]]<br />
| Rakshan Vadali<br />
| Gaurav Mahamuni<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|penduk}} <br />
| {{flagicon image|Lembut.png}} Tasik Lembut<br />
| 43,010,670<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| Demang Cahaya<br />
| Bertrand Sabtu<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|ParetiaFlag.png}} [[Paretia]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|PreceaFlagNew.png}} [[Precea]]<br />
|31,203,301<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Manuel III]]<br />
| [[Isilda Cerqueira]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia_(alternate).svg}} [[Piraea]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Thessaloniki.svg}} [[Alikianos]]<br />
| 7,484,889<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Presidency of Piraea|Andreas Milenkos-Vallou]]<br />
| [[Georgios Konstantinou]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Rajyaghar}} <br />
| {{flagicon image|KinadicaFlag.png}} [[Kinadica]]<br />
| 84,267,147<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Krishan VII]]<br />
| [[Madhava Thakur]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Ravnia}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Ravnia}} [[Novigrad]]<br />
| 68,023,183<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Pyotr Abramov]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black" | Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon|Rizealand}} [[Rizealand]]<br />
| {{flagicon|Rizealand}} [[Camden]]<br />
| 64,571,281<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]] <br />
| colspan="2" align="center"|[[Barbara Ward]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Rwizikuru}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Rwizikuru}} [[Guta raMambo]]<br />
| 38,903,392<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Munashe Ngonidzashe]]<br />
| [[Tsuru Mawere]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Sabaw}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Sabaw}} [[Saab]]<br />
| 38,282,949<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Bekathen Sadek]]<br />
| [[Yaghmurasen Azam]]<br />
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|SataviaFlag.png}} [[Satavia]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the National Capital District.png}} [[Port Hope]]<br />
| 24,581,912<br />
| [[Asteria Inferior]]<br />
| [[Jago Elliot]]<br />
| [[Arthur Warwick]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Satucinflag.png}} [[Satucin]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Satucinflag.png}} [[Gatôn]]<br />
| 201,105,368<br />
| [[Asteria Inferior]]<br />
| [[Théodore d'Amédor|Théodore I]]<br />
| [[Martin Allaire]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|SCflag.png}} [[Sainte-Chloé]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Nadur.svg}} [[Port de la Sainte]]<br />
| 10,456,998<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
| [[Michel Thiele]]<br />
| [[Genevieve Chevallier]]<br />
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Scovern}}<br />
| {{flagicon image|Rimso flag.png}} [[Rimso]]<br />
| 27,116,263<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Henrik, King of Scovern|Henrik]]<br />
| [[Ine-Linda Nesby]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Senria}}<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Kyoto City.svg}} [[Keisi]]<br />
| 258,751,620<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Reika Okura]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Siamat.png}} [[Siamat]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Seal_of_Phnom_Penh.svg}} [[Mouráng]]<br />
| 36,564,398<br />
| [[Southeast Coius]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | Fabien Nhean<br />
| style="background:#aa6f33; color:black"| Authoritarian republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Sohar}} <br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Sohar.png}} [[Tarihi]]<br />
| 25,159,042<br />
| [[Rahelia]]<br />
| [[Hamid el-Bari]]<br />
| [[Asmar al-Kaba]]<br />
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Soravia}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Soravia}} [[Samistopol]]<br />
| 88,081,653<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Valentina Goga]]<br />
| [[Nicolai Karpenko]]<br />
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Kantemosha & Ambrazka}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Kantemosha & Ambrazka}} [[Koskunen]]<br />
| 16,520,820<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Bohumír Biely]]<br />
| [[Heimo Hämäläinen]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|South Kabu}}<br />
| {{flagicon|South Kabu}} [[Kutha Pamungkas]]<br />
| 7,841,984<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Tirto Sutikno]]<br />
| [[Susilo Dwi]]<br />
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon_image|TengariaFlag.png}} [[Tengaria]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Narnia_(New_Dynasty).svg}} [[Lenovo]]<br />
| 22,350,000<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Teodora Kovacheva]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|- <br />
| {{flag|Tiwura}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Tiwura}} [[Omamiri]]<br />
| 59,123,024<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Reginald Akinlabi]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Asafiyah Flag.png}} [[Tsabara]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Asafiyah Flag.png}} [[Adunis]]<br />
| 59,115,236<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Nazim al'Qutayni]]<br />
| [[Aslan Ocalan]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|- <br />
| {{flag|Valduvia}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Valduvia}} [[Priedīši]] <br />
| 55,279,300<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Presidium of Valduvia|Presidium]]<br />
| [[Janis Vilks]]<br />
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic<br />
|- <br />
| {{flagicon image|ProperVinalianFlag.png}} [[Vinalia]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|ProperVinalianFlag.png}} [[Vinalinsk]] <br />
| 24,632,731<br />
| [[Asteria Superior]]<br />
| [[Ersnt Rupold]]<br />
| [[Omelyan Pavlov]]<br />
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Werania.png}} [[Werania]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Werania.png}} [[Westbrücken]]<br />
| 58,579,684<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| [[Charlotte of Werania|Charlotte]]<br />
| [[Otto von Hößlin]]<br />
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy<br />
|- <br />
| {{flag|West Miersa}}<br />
| {{flagicon|West Miersa}} [[West Żobrodź]]<br />
| 17,906,711<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
|colspan=2 align="center" | [[Adrian Rozak]]<br />
| style="background:#aa6f33; color:black"| Authoritarian republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Shangea}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Shangea}} [[Rongzhuo]]<br />
| 745,173,574<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Yuan Xiannian]]<br />
| [[Xi Yao-tong]]<br />
| style="background:#aa6f33; color:black"| Authoritarian republic<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Yemet}}<br />
| {{flagicon|Yemet}} [[Girota]]<br />
| 91,991,000<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Ubaxle Asad]]<br />
| style="background:#6b8e23; color:black"| Military junta<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon|UNIR}} [[Zorasan]]<br />
| {{flagicon|UNIR}} [[Zahedan, UTC|Zahedan]]<br />
| 320,429,199<br />
| [[Coius]]<br />
| [[Vahid Isfandiar]]<br />
| [[Farzad Akbari]]<br />
| style="background:#aa6f33; color:black"| Authoritarian republic<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Sovereign entities==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Name<br />
! Capital<br />
! Continent<br />
! Head<br />
! Government type<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Vatican_flag_before1808.svg}} [[Petrine See]]}}<br />
| {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of Solaria.png}} [[Solaria]]*}}<br />
| [[Euclea]]<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Pope Joseph]]}}<br />
| style="background:#ff6666; color:black"| {{nowrap|Absolute monarchy}}<br />
| style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:90%;"|Sovereign entity representing the {{wp|Pope}} (who has the prerogatives of a {{wp|head of state}}) and the administration of the [[Solarian Catholic Church]], with a long history of diplomatic relations. Owns {{wp|extraterritorial}} property in [[Etruria]], especially in the Tibernum region of the city of [[Solaria]]. A permanent non-member observer to the [[Community of Nations]] with diplomatic relations with over 65 CN member states.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Dependent territories==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Name<br />
! Capital<br />
! Sovereign state<br />
! data-sort-type="number" | Population<br />
! Administrator<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Patrick Islands}} [[Patrick Islands|Naua Roa]]}}<br />
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Patrick Islands}} [[Patrick's Town]]}}<br />
|{{flag|Satavia}}<br />
|12,601<br />
|[[Dara Niuꞌa]]<br />
|style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:90%;"|According to the Satavian Government, the islands are independent and in free association with Satavia; however, the CN maintains that they are a non-self-governing dependent territory.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==States with limited recognition==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Name<br />
! Capital<br />
! data-sort-type="number" | Population<br />
! Continent<br />
! Head of state<br />
! Head of government<br />
! Government type<br />
! Sovereignty dispute<br />
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px;" | Status of sovereignty<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_heijiang3.png}} [[Heijiang]]<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_heijiang3.png}} [[Chashan]]<br />
| 8,394,746<br />
| [[Southeast Coius]]<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Pan Jiayong]]}}<br />
| [[Jiang Meiying]]<br />
| style="background:#aa6f33; color:black"| Authoritarian republic<br />
| style="background:LightCoral; color:black" | Claimed by [[Kuthina]]<br />
| <span style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:90%;"><br />
Unilaterally seceded from [[Kuthina]] in November 2008, with de facto independence being achieved in 2009 after [[Operation Eastern Protection|Xiaodong's invasion]] of the area. [[ROSPO|4 CN Member States]] recognise it, while the [[Community of Nations]] officially classes it as Kuthine territory under foreign occupation.<br />
</span><br />
|-<br />
| {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Kulo_State.png}} [[Kulo State]]}}<br />
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Kulo_State.png}} [[Yokhonzela]]<br />
| 2,091,882<br />
| [[Bahia]]<br />
| [[Dumisile Xhibeni Chacha]]<br />
| [[Bongdani Malusi]]<br />
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic<br />
| style="background:LightCoral; color:black" | Claimed by [[Yemet]] and [[Maucha]]<br />
| <span style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:90%;"><br />
Unilaterally declared independence as the Kulo State during the [[Yemeti Civil War]] in January 1980, having been de facto independent since the defeat of the Yemeti Army in the [[Battle of Mabengela]] in August 1971 and the following withdrawal from Kulo-claimed territory. Internationally unrecognised by any member state of the [[Community of Nations]], which views the territory as owned by Yemet and Maucha divided along the pre-insurgency border.<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon_image|Flag of the Mongolian People's Republic (1940–1945).svg}} [[Yoloten]]<br />
|{{flagicon_image|Flag of the Mongolian People's Republic (1940–1945).svg}} [[Yoloten|Ikinaryq]]<br />
| 1,100,000<br />
| [[Southeast Coius]]<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Yoloten|Balagachi Bekzhangsy]]}}<br />
| [[Yoloten|Kanoa Bakhtzhany]]<br />
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic<br />
| style="background:LightCoral; color:black" | Claimed by [[Hacyinia]]<br />
| <span style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:90%;"><br />
Established in 1993 following the [[Hacyinian-Lavanan_wars_and_conflicts#Yoloten_War_.281992-1993.29|Yoloten War]] by Lavana in support of the Provisional Administrative and Military Front of the Yoloten (PAMFY). A secessionist militant group which sought to establish a Councilist state in the former [[Partition of Southeast Coius|Princely State of Yoloten]], which during the partition of Estmerish Southeast Coius in 1940 was promised to [[Hacyinia]] by Estmerish authorities, but its {{wp|Lao people|Kachai}} Zeja opted to join Lavana instead. With the state being annexed into Hacyinia shortly after. Only 3 CN states [[Yoloten#Recognition|recognize]] it all Councilist states. In 2022 the territory of the country was reduced following the [[2022 Hacyinia-Lavana war]].<br />
</span><br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Kylaris}}<br />
[[Category:Countries (Kylaris)]]<br />
[[Category:Lists (Kylaris)]]<br />
[[Category:Politics (Kylaris)]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Council_republic&diff=753563Council republic2024-01-17T04:33:35Z<p>Luziyca: removing Lemovicia from this list was probably long overdue</p>
<hr />
<div>{{WIP}}<br />
A '''Council republic''' is term used to refer to a {{wp|republic|republican}} system of government where directly elected councils play a prominent role in a country's politics. While the exact government structure often varies, universal characteristics are councils as a fundamental unit of governance and the state's adherence with {{wp|socialism}}. It may also feature {{wp|direct democracy}}, an emphasis on {{wp|collective leadership}}, and {{wp|nonpartisanism}}. The term is often used to differentiate these states from {{wp|Euclea|Euclean}} {{wp|capitalism|capitalist}} {{wp|liberal democracy|liberal democracies}}. It is the predominant form of government for socialist states in the world, such as [[Dezevau]], [[Valduvia]], and [[Lavana]]. Council republics are generally considered to be democratic, but some states such as [[Asase Lewa]] has been accused of {{wp|authoritarianism}}. In 2020, [[South Kabu|South Kabuese]] President [[Tirto Sutikno]] announced his intention to transition the country towards a councilist form of government.<br />
<br />
The political thought associated with the establishment and continuation of a council republic is known as councilism or council republicanism and those who adhere to the principles of councilism is referred to as a councilist. Councilism can also refer to socialism practiced in a council republic.<br />
==History==<br />
==Characteristics==<br />
Although the term council republic encompasses many different structures of governance, they all feature legislative bodies that are the fundamental unit of governance for all levels of the country's administration from the national level to the local. Political power is distributed between these councils in a {{wp|federal system}} that functions from the bottom upwards. Council republics tend to emphasise {{wp|Localism (politics)|localism}} through local councils that function through {{wp|direct democracy}}. Usually these councils would elect councils on the next levels of administration who would be responsible for regional or statewide authority. In turn, these can elect members to the next level on a national level, which would be the national government. Alternatively each level of governance may be directly elected by the population or use a combination of both systems. These councils usually also have executive and judicial powers, which is similar to the concept of {{wp|Parliamentary sovereignty|legislative supremacy}} in parliamentary republics. <br />
===Association with socialism===<br />
All council republics in the world are {{wp|socialist state|socialist states}}, which political experts consider to be its defining characteristic. In some republics, the councils may be {{wp|workers' council|workers' councils}} or another body that represents the interests of the workforce in politics. A council republic may also feature a [[Congress of the Workers' International|Section of the Workers' International]] which usually plays a prominent role in the country's politics. Often these political parties are organized through local, state, and national councils that function alongside government institutions. <br />
<br />
==Comparisons of council republics==<br />
===Collective leadership===<br />
The concept of collective leadership has been ingrained in former Council republics. The State of [[State of North Vinalia|North Vinalia]], a constituent state of [[Vinalia]], and the former [[North Vinalia|Peoples Republic of Vinalia]] elects its municipalities differently than the state of [[State of South Vinalia|South Vinalia]]. Where in the south a single leader or single party is elected to the leadership of a municipalities council (Vinalias lowest administrative division), in the north municipal councils are bigger and a single leader is not elected. The municipal elections for the city of [[Orlavo]] in North Vinalia were held to elect members to a 15 member municipal council which then elect among themselves a member to serve a 2 term limited 3 month leadership position. The North Vinalian Assembly also operates in a similar manner with a 5 member leadership council, that represents and governs the constituent state with leadership collectively held by all members. Although no longer a council republic, the values of collective leadership have become imperative to the functioning of institutions in the constituent state.<br />
===Decentralisation===<br />
localism/federalism<br />
<br />
===Economics===<br />
<br />
[[File:AsaseLewaMeeting.png|thumb|right|300px|{{wp|Workers' self-management}}, as exercised by these {{wp|sugar refinery}} workers in Asase Lewa discussing and voting on production schedules, is a feature present in many contemporary council republics' economic systems.]]<br />
<br />
All council republics maintain a {{wp|socialism|socialist}} {{wp|economic system}}, the defining characteristic of council republics; however, the nature of such a socialist economic system has varied considerably across time and place. During the mid-twentieth century, the bulk of council republics adopted a basically {{wp|state socialism|state socialist}} economic model, notably the [[Valduvia|Valduvian]] model of state socialism prior to the [[1985 Valduvian coup d'état]] and the [[Tretyakism|Tretyakist]] advocacy of a {{wp|command economy}} as [[Tretyakism#Economic policy|necessary for rapid industrial growth to defend socialism from foreign threats]], which led to the establishment of command economies in [[Chistovodia]], [[Sappania]], and [[Asase Lewa]]. During the mid-to-late twentieth century, however, many council republics' economies hsifted away from a state socialist model towards systems increasingly based on {{wp|workers' self-management}}. In Valduvia and [[Auzance]], for example, this shift led to the adoption of a {{wp|market socialism|market socialist}} economic system, with the result that some council republics, such as Auzance, exhibit tendencies - such as tolerance of small enterprises, and co-operative but otherwise private companies - which may be more resemblant of a capitalist or hybrid system, but identify as (and are institutionally) socialist. Conversely, in Asase Lewa and Sappania such a transition to workers' self-management eschewed market economics in favor of a transition to {{wp|participatory economics}}, which remains the economic system practiced in these countries today.<br />
<br />
In many councilist countries, the transition from state socialism to systems based on workers' self-management was closely associated with {{wp|democratic transition}} and/or political {{wp|liberalization}}; in Asase Lewa, Auzance, and Sappania, the transition to participatory economics or market socialism was concomitant with the end of the {{wp|single-party state|single-party rule}} and introduction of {{wp|multi-party system|multi-party}} elections, while a transition from state socialism to market socialism occurred alongside the end of [[Equalism|Equalist]] rule and establishment of a council republic in the former [[Austerian People's Republic]]. Similarly, Valduvia initiated its transition from state socialism to market socialism in the 1990s following widespread political liberalization in the wake of the 1985 coup d'état.<br />
<br />
===Elections===<br />
Elections in Lemovicia are a hybrid of {{wp|direct democracy}}, where people elect district councils who in turn elect municipal councils, regional councils, and provincial councils, and a {{wp|representative democracy}} where people directly elect legislators to the [[National Assembly (Lemovicia)|National Assembly]], who in turn select from amongst themselves the [[Presidency of Lemovicia|presidency]] and the cabinet.<br />
<br />
(TBC)<br />
<br />
Elections in Lavana are similar, with voters electing members to City, Municipal, Provincial, and National councils. Lavana differs in that members of lower councils cannot vote for members in councils above, and vice-versa. The Workers International, approves all candidates, and a hybrid system with lower councils voting for members in higher councils, exist solely inside the party structure.<br />
<br />
In Auzance, elections exhibit similar tendencies; a particularity of Autuzian elections being its ''voluntary sortition'' basis of council elections, whereby random, refusable nominations elect candidates who seek the ''approval'' of their respective council. National elections are multi-party and transparent, and the [[Premier of Auzance]] is directly elected.<br />
<br />
===Gun ownership===<br />
<br />
[[File:Houston_Gun_Show_at_the_George_R._Brown_Convention_Center.jpg|thumb|left|A table at BSL Šovs 2008, the largest regularly held {{wp|Gun show|gun show}} in Valduvia. In many councilist countries, such as Valduvia, Chistovodia, and Asase Lewa, gun ownership rates are high and gun ownership is associated with the country's perception of councilism.]]<br />
<br />
Though not a universal characteristic of council republics, many councilist states are notably for high rates of {{wp|gun ownership}} and a belief in the {{wp|right to keep and bear arms}}. This widespread gun culture is notable in Valduvia, where [[gun ownership in Valduvia|a majority of households are gun owners]] and the modern Valduvian Constitution imposes strict restrictions on the state's ability to impose {{wp|gun control}}. Similarly, [[Tretyakism#Armed Proletariat|Tretyakist theories of an armed proletariat]] resulted in the governments of Chistovodia and Asase Lewa arming their population, providing training on firearms usage, and organizing the population into {{wp|militia|popular militias}}. In many councilist countries, high rates of gun ownership and a widespread gun culture are closely tied to the country's interpretation of councilism itself; Tretyakist theories about an armed proletariat, for example, were closely related to Chistovodian perceptions of {{wp|encirclement}} by hostile, capitalist foreign powers and the need to organize the workers to defend the councilist state, a perception shared by leaders in Asase Lewa.<br />
<br />
In Valduvia, conversely, belief in the right to bear arms and a culture of gun ownership has been closely connected to a belief that such gun ownership is a necessary check on the councilist government itself, as connected to substantial increases in gun ownership since the transition to democracy, and with the extension of {{wp|gun control}} being associated with the [[Burish genocide]] in the early 1980s and with anti-Burish persecution and political authoritarianism more broadly. In contemporary Valduvia and Asase Lewa, the right to keep and bear arms is associated with a broader constitutional and ideological belief in the {{wp|right to resist}} and {{wp|right of revolution}}, guaranteed in these countries' constitutions and seen as a guarantee of political and military power being in the hands of the {{wp|working-class}} rather than hostile political forces, either an {{wp|nomenklatura|authoritarian bureaucracy}}, as in Valduvia, or foreign invasion or perceived {{wp|capitalist roader}} bureaucratic forces, as in Asase Lewa.<br />
<br />
===Section of the Workers' International===<br />
<br />
The role of Sections of the Workers' International ranges significantly in council republics. On one end of the pole, council republics such as [[Dezevau]] and [[East Miersa]] are largely {{wp|non-partisan democracy|non-partisan democracies}}, in which the local Section was dissolved after social struggles in the 1960s or 1970s. On the other end of the pole, in council republics such as [[Asase Lewa]], the local Section continues to exist and exercises great influence over the country's politics; the [[Asalewan Section of the Workers' International]], for example, exercises a particularly strong influence over Asalewan politics, {{wp|Guardian Council|vetting candidates in the country's elections}}, enjoying close links with the country's military, and counting the vast majority of Asase Lewa's population as members of its {{wp|Communist party#Mass organizations|mass organizations}}.<br />
<br />
===Weak separation of powers===<br />
<br />
Lavanan council republicanism sometimes called Saravanism after [[Saravan Khouph]], emphasized the weak separation of powers in the establishment of the [[Lavana|People's Republic of Lavana]], with the Section of the Workers International imperative to the functioning of the state. Although reforms have limited the involvement of the party in the proceedings of the Lavanan government, it has maintained the weak separation of powers with all branches of government given ample power to overrule each other. Although the Lavanan system has been categorised as chaotic, it cements the position of the [[Premier of Lavana|Premier]]. The Lavanan premier although elected from the [[Lavanan Congress]], which are in turn directly elected by the people, must be approved by the Workers International. The Lavanan Premier embodies the principals of Saravanism which emphasize strong reliance on the Workers International and its integral part in the inner functionings of the country.<br />
<br />
On the other hand, Auzance's democratic constitution has ensured a strong separation of powers after initially weak separation before 1971. In Auzance, the Premier is the head of state, who is separated entirely from the legislature (''Tchambe'', led by the Prime Minister), and the judiciary - self-appointing, with no influence from either legislature or executive - self-appoints, while councils - which, again, run independently - oversee devolved powers. Auzance, although a council republic, is multi-partisan and has parties stretching from council communist tendencies to ideologies seen more widely in liberal capitalist democracies.<br />
<br />
==List of council republics==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! State<br />
! Capital<br />
! Primary language(s)<br />
! Population <br />
! Area (km²)<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Asase Lewa}}<br />
| [[Edudzi Agyeman City]]<br />
| {{wp|Ewe language|Asalewan}}<br />
| 70,636,291<br />
| 828,719<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Auzance}}<br />
| [[Cestiène]]<br />
| {{wp|Walloon language|Autuzian}}<br />
| 11,401,386<br />
| 57,953<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Chistovodia}}<br />
| [[Volosovo]]<br />
| {{wp|Rusyn language|Narodyn}}<br />
| 73,491,200<br />
| 2,399,981<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Dezevau}}<br />
| [[Bazadavo]]<br />
| [[Ziba language|Ziba]]<br />
| 190,902,213<br />
| 2,000,000<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|East Miersa}}<br />
| [[Żobrodź]] ''(de jure)''<br>[[Dyńsk]] ''(de facto)''<br />
| {{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}<br />
| 21,740,000<br />
| 197,568<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Lavana}}<br />
| [[Pers]]<br />
| {{wp|Lao language|Kachai}}<br />
| 86,842,742<br />
| 713,879<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Nirala}}<br />
| [[Amit Rahul Sidhu City]]<br />
| {{wp|Punjabi language|Nirali}}<br />
| 236,301,792<br />
| 251,678<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Valduvia}}<br />
| [[Priedīši]]<br />
| {{wp|Latvian_language|Valduvian}}<br />
| 55,279,300<br />
| 423,489<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Former council republics===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! State<br />
! Capital<br />
! Languages<br />
! Years<br />
! Population <br />
! Area (km²)<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|Austeria equalist flag.png}} [[Austerian People's Republic|Austeria]]<br />
| [[Kartha]]<br />
| {{wp|Albanian language|Tethian}}<br />
| 1988–2005<ref>Existed from 1947-2005, from 1947-1988 as a {{wp|single-party state|single-party}} [[Equalism|Equalist]] state.</ref><br />
| <br />
| 62,532<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|ACRF2.png}} [[Amathian Council Republic|Amathia]]<br />
| [[East Arciluco]]<br />
| {{wp|Romanian language|Amathian}}<br />
| 1935–1959<ref>Continued until 1979 as the [[Amathian Equalist Republic]].</ref><br />
| <br />
| 405,798<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Champania}}<br />
| [[Brigançon|Lièn]]<br />
| [[Champanian language|Champanian]]<br />
| 1937–1960<br />
| 7,948,012 (1960)<br />
| 139,991<br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon image|North Vinalian.png}} [[North Vinalia]]<br />
| [[Orlavo]]<br />
| {{wp|Rusyn_language|Soravian}}<br />
| 1935–1993<br />
| 10,500,000 (1990)<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| {{flagicon|Shangea}} [[Socialist Republic of Shangea|Shangea]]<br />
| [[Rongzhuo]]<br />
|{{wp|Chinese language|Shangean}}<br />
| 1940-1960<br />
| 350,000,000 (1960)<br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
[[Category:Socialism (Kylaris)]] {{Region icon Kylaris}} [[Category:Politics (Kylaris)]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Luziyca/Sandbox3&diff=751899User:Luziyca/Sandbox32024-01-12T21:27:22Z<p>Luziyca: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Northern Integration Scheme''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''Ukiuqtaqtumi ilaliujjiniq'') was a [[Surrow|Surrowese government]] program that lasted from 1953 until 1977. Instituted by [[President of Surrow|President]] [[Ted Fisher]], the Northern Integration Scheme's stated aims were to "assert Surrowese sovereignty" over [[Great Island]] and to "integrate the {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}} into the body politic." The program saw the relocation of around 5,000 {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}} to fixed settlements, where they faced substantial pressure to abandon their Itchalnu way of life and adopt Surrowese customs.<br />
<br />
(TBC)<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
[[File:Native_camp,_Pangnirtung,_Baffin_Island,_N.W.T.,_August_1931..jpg|250px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu camp near [[Port Lochlan]], August 1931]]<br />
[[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] has been a part of Surrow from the sixteenth century onward: while [[Northland County]] was created in 1563, it lacked any meaningful control over Great Island, with Northland County's seat being at [[Lombelon Bay]]. The first Auressian settlement on Great Island was only established in [[Port Lochlan]] in 1711 by the [[Rythene|Rytheneans]], but Port Lochlan only served as a seasonal settlement until 1733.<br />
<br />
Following the end of the Eleven Years War in 1759, the number of {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island increased, although the total Auressian population on the islands were less than 100 people during the summer months, and around 20 during the winter, mostly in Port Lochlan by 1800. In 1823, an official from [[Holcot Inlet]] reported that "outside of the nineteen outports, which depend both on the treacherous seas that we back on [[Holcot Island]] or even [[Kikik Island]] can only fear and on the generosity of the Itchalnu, there is no effective presence on the island."<br />
<br />
However, efforts to try and assert Rythenean control over the island during the nineteenth century were hampered due to the geography of Great Island, the harsh environment, and costs, which made it very difficult for permanent settlements to be established on the island. However, Kikik Island would be carved out of Northland County in 1869, with the county seat being subsequently moved to Port Lochlan.<br />
<br />
By 1901, the total population of the island according to the Surrowese census was 519 people scattered across twenty settlements, although the enumerators noted that "they were unable to fully count the natives outside of the settlements," and that if they did, "the real population of the island would be twice or thrice as high as it appears on the census."<br />
<br />
With the outbreak of the [[First Great War (Levilion)|First Great War]], fears that [[Tyrnica]] may try to attack Great Island led to the Surrowese government beginning to draft plans for "reinforcing the island and asserting Rythenean sovereignty over the island," with these plans including "establishing settlements for the natives to gravitate themselves towards." These plans would only begin to be implemented in 1915 after Surrow was granted self-government, with the first settlement under that plan being established in 1923 at [[Tuktooit Inlet]] in what is now [[Stoney County]], and followed by the establishment of [[Arvittiavak]] in 1931, with the intention of providing services to the northern Itchalnu populations, such as a school run by [[Perendism|Perendist]] missionaries and a general store that supplied imported goods from Holcot Island.<br />
<br />
However, these settlements, although modestly successful at attracting some Itchalnu to settle there, did not attract the hoped-for population growth, with the population of both settlements in 1931 being around 27 people who permanently lived in the settlements. This led to newly-elected [[Prime Minister of Surrow|Prime Minister]] [[Ted Fisher]] concluding in 1936 that "all the carrots in the world cannot entice the Natives on Great Island to give up on their way of life," and for Ted Fisher to begin planning the scheme.<br />
<br />
==Planning==<br />
In 1942, Ted Fisher's government released a {{wp|white paper}} on the state of Northland County and its "complete inability to exert control outside of the string of outports that line its coast." The white paper suggested that Northland County was "inviable" due to it covering "the entire breadth of Great Island" despite its population "only comprising of 650 people who live inside the law, and around five thousand Natives who live outside the laws of Surrow," and proposed abolishing the county in favour of [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]] that "would better manage those who live in the outports and in the interior than a county."<br />
<br />
However, the ongoing [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]] caused Ted Fisher's government to take little action on the report. Following the war's end in 1943, the Surrowese government began to conduct surveys in Northland County to document the local Itchalnu population and their annual migration patterns, to determine the best sites for new settlements, and to investigate the county government to determine any deficiencies that the existing county had. However, growing calls for Surrowese independence and the government's focus on negotiating with Rythene for full independence meant that these surveys would only be completed by 1951.<br />
<br />
That year, {{wp|palladium}} was discovered near [[Tulaktarvik|Stoney Harbour]] (present-day [[Tulaktarvik]]) by [[General Armaments]]. This added a greater sense of urgency, as Ted Fisher feared that the "presence of such abundant wealth" and Surrow's lack of effective control over most of Great Island would allow for other countries to establish settlements under the guise of {{wp|terra nullius}}.<br />
<br />
In response to the perceived threat, Ted Fisher would draft the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'' in 1952. The {{wp|omnibus bill}} divided Northland County into three improvement districts, pursuant to the 1942 white paper, which had different powers to [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Counties|counties]], and outlined the components of the [[#Program|Northern Integration Scheme]] in order to ensure that "Surrow can demonstrate its sovereignty over the entire Surrowese archipelago, including Great Island." While this legislation was opposed by [[Wes Anderson]], who left the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] to create the [[Northern Party (1949)|Northern Party]] to advocate for maintaining the status quo, the UPP majority was able to pass the bill into law, with the bill coming into effect on 1 April, 1953.<br />
<br />
==Program==<br />
===Registration===<br />
[[File:Man_registered_at_Port_Hentze.jpg|250px|thumb|right|An Itchalnu man holding up his registration number at [[Port Hentze]], 1953]]<br />
The first key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''registration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''atiliurvik''). This would register all the Itchalnu who "lived outside the {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island" as a {{wp|disc number|registration number}} ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''ujamiit''), with each number comprised of a letter corresponding to an improvement district, followed by a two digit number indicating the nearest settlement, followed by a three digit number identifying the individual (e.g. [[Central Improvement District|C]]01-043). These registration numbers were required to be displayed at all times by all Itchalnu assigned these numbers, with the Surrowese government providing discs that displayed their registration number to each person.<br />
<br />
As [[#Settlement|settlement]] progressed, Itchalnu who moved to the settlements and who previously had registration numbers were given Auressian-style names. In most circumstances, first names were based off of school records, while in cases where an Itchalnu person had never attended a school, they were assigned an Auressian-style forename by a bureaucrat. As Itchalnu never had surnames, some bureaucrats assigned Itchalnu Auressian-style surnames, while other bureaucrats would assign Itchalnu names that were rooted in the Itchalnu language. This process of assigning registration numbers was planned to take a period of three to four years, with the Auressian-style names to be given "as the Itchalnu continue to be integrated into the body politic" to replace their registration number.<br />
<br />
===Settlement===<br />
The second key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''settlement''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''nunaliit''). All Itchalnu who had been registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme would be encouraged to move to permanent settlements on the coasts of Great Island, with these settlements being designed to resemble {{wp|Newfoundland outports|Surrowese outports}} on [[Holcot Island]] and [[Kikik Island]]. The Itchalnu would be promised government benefits, better food than what they were able to acquire if they continued to live on the land, and better housing. <br />
<br />
After a one year grace period, if an Itchalnu who was registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme refused to move to a settlement, the Surrowese government would warn "refusants" that if they continued to refuse to move a settlement, they would have their children taken away from them, their dogs would be slaughtered so that they would not be able to continue living a nomadic existence, and they may be charged with trespassing on state land. After another one year grace period, those deemed refusants would be arrested by an officer from the [[Surrowese Constabulary]], their children taken away from them, and their dogs slaughtered, and transported to a settlement that the arresting officer decided upon.<br />
<br />
As part of the Northern Integration Scheme, in addition to the twenty-two settlements which existed prior to the Northern Integration Scheme, fourteen more were to be established in order to ensure that Itchalnu can "continue to live close to their ancestral lands as they begin to be integrated into the body politic." These settlements were expected to be built between 1953 and 1960, with four to be built in the Northern Improvement District, seven to be built in the Central Improvement District, and three in the Southern Improvement District.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation===<br />
The third key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''consolidation''' ({{wp|Inkutitut|Itchalnu}}: ''katiqsuqsimajut''). After all the Itchalnu have been settled into settlements, which was expected to take a six year period between 1954 and 1960, settlements that were deemed to be "prohibitively expensive" for the Surrowese government to provide services to would be declared unsustainable, and residents would be encouraged to move to sustainable settlements, which the government defined as a settlement with more than 150-200 people.<br />
<br />
The purpose of consolidation was to "avoid the mistakes of early settlement of Surrow" where the number of outports had proliferated, "through consolidating the number of settlements from thirty-six settlements to a more manageable number." Consolidation would also "ensure that when these improvement districts become counties, these settlements will be better able to remain sustainable in not just the final quarter of this century, but throughout the next century."<br />
<br />
===Personal integration===<br />
The fourth key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''personal integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''imminnuungajut ilaliujjiniq''), which would involve heavy investment into education, through the establishment of government-run schools that would replace the [[Perendism|Perendist]] mission schools, and through the establishment of {{wp|adult education}} programs targeting the Itchalnu.<br />
<br />
Ted Fisher said that "if we want the Natives on Great Island to become as Surrowese as the Tyrnican in [[Tuckamore County]] or the Rythenean in [[Disappointment County]], the government must take over education from the Perendist missionaries so that the Natives may learn how to live in the Surrow of today." The curriculum for the government-run schools would involve teaching the "values and mores of the body politic" and practical skills that were needed in "modern Surrowese society," such as literacy in {{wp|English language|Rythenean}}, mathematics, and science, so that when they graduated, they would become "fully integrated into Surrowese society."<br />
<br />
Adult education would focus on teaching Itchalnu both the values and mores of the broader Surrowese culture and practical skills so that they would "become a productive part of the modern Surrowese workforce" and allow them to have the skills needed to "function in today's Surrow, rather than the Surrow of yesterday." This would include teaching them Rythenean so that they could fully participate in society.<br />
<br />
Other parts of personal integration included imposing regulations on housing, with houses in the fourteen settlements being designed to be more like houses in Surrowese outports "to promote assimilation into the body politic"; a crackdown on traditional hunting and fishing practices that would "cause the Natives on Great Island to abandon civilisation," and restricting the number of dogs they could own to a "manageable number."<br />
<br />
===Political integration===<br />
The fifth and final key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''political integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''gavamalirinirmut ilaliujjiniq''). Due to [[Northland County]]'s lack of ability to exert control over Great Island, the county was to be abolished and divided into three [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]], which would have power over day-to-day operations of trial courts and determining whether a given settlement was sustainable or unsustainable. Each district would receive one member of [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]] from the [[Elections of Surrow#1954|1954 election]] onward.<br />
<br />
The improvement districts were planned to last for a minimum of twenty-one years from when the bill went into effect, with the ''Northern Integration Act'' saying that if any of the improvement districts reached a population over 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the relevant district(s) would be "considered fully integrated and should be given county status no later than 1 April, 1975, with all the responsibilities thereof." Government officials from the early 1950s expected that both the [[Central Improvement District]] and [[Iqittiniq District|Southern Improvement District]] would become counties by 1975, while it was expected that the [[Ukiuqtaqtuq District|Northern Improvement District]] "will never reach the population threshold to become a county."<br />
<br />
==Implementation==<br />
===Registration, settlement and consolidation===<br />
[[File:Settlement_at_Berentson_Harbour_1954.jpg|250px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu family being allocated a home in [[Berentson Harbour]], 1954]]<br />
Following the passage of the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'', the Surrowese government began immediately on registering the Itchalnu population living outside the settlements, even before the act went into effect. By 1956, the Ministry of Northern Integration "successfully registered every native who did not previously reside in any settlement," with 4,983 Itchalnu registered as part of the first component of the Northern Integration Scheme.<br />
<br />
In 1953, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme began to be implemented, with the fourteen settlements outlined in the Northern Integration Scheme beginning to be constructed. The houses built in the fourteen settlements proved to be ill-suited to the local climate, partially due to the houses being {{wp|prefabricated housing}} that were built as cheaply as possible in order to settle the Itchalnu into the settlements as quickly as possible, and because of the architecture of the Surrowese-style houses was perceived by the Itchalnu to be ill-suited to the Breuvician climate on Great Island. In addition, the stores established in the settlements sold imported low-quality [[Albrennia|Albrennian]] food at what [[Charles Acklack]] said was "extortionate prices," with prices being "at least three times as high as in Holcot Inlet, and six times as in [[Sherborn]].<br />
<br />
These factors, in addition to fears among the Itchalnu that they would lose their culture, meant that while the number of refusants only comprised 5%-10% of those who were resettled in 1953 and 1954, by 1959 and 1960, the proportion of refusants grew to around 60%-70% of those resettled in both of those years. Despite the proportion of refusants who wound up being forcefully resettled, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme was completed by 1960, with the Ministry of Northern Integration reporting that of the 5,119 registered people, 3,143 "voluntarily moved to settlements," while 1,976 refusants were relocated, either to Tulaktarvik, Port Lochlan, or Holcot Inlet.<br />
<br />
In 1960, the third component of the Northern Integration Scheme began, with two settlements in the Southern Improvement District being declared unsustainable. From the 1960s until the mid-1980s, all of the fourteen settlements built under the scheme, in addition to eighteen of the twenty-two settlements built prior to the scheme's inception were declared unsustainable, and residents of those settlements were encouraged to move to a sustainable settlement by closing schools, clinics, stores, and community centres in those settlements and refusing to provide more than basic emergency services to unsustainable settlement. Although the Surrowese government expected that most of those in the unsustainable settlements would "funnel down to the administrative centres of the improvement districts," most would move to Tulaktarvik due to economic opportunities.<br />
<br />
===Integration===<br />
The Northern Integration Scheme would bring about a radical change in education: from 1953 onward, the national government took control of all schools on Great Island from the Perendist missions, and began building new schools across the island. Most schools that were built as part of the Northern Integration Scheme were designed to only be {{wp|primary school|primary schools}}, with {{wp|secondary school|secondary schools}} only being built in [[Port Lochlan]] and [[Tulaktarvik]] to "further the integration of Native children into the body politic" and to save money. In order to further integration, virtually all schools on the island banned the use of {{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}} and the practice of Itchalnu culture. By 1964, virtually all children on Great Island attended school, although most children on Great Island were taught a basic vocational education.<br />
<br />
Although children's education was well-funded, adult education was rudimentary in comparison, with [[Charles Acklack]] saying that "all we were taught were how to speak Rythenean, how to maintain a 'modern home,' and how to use modern industrial equipment." Statistics from the Ministry of Northern Integration in 1970 reported that middle-aged Itchalnu and old-aged Itchalnu "lacked the skills necessary to participate in the Surrowese economy, even among those who entered the adult education programs," although it praised the increasing use of Rythenean as a "day-to-day language" among the Itchalnu in all three improvement districts.<br />
<br />
Other major policies designed to promote "personal integration" included the mass slaughter of dogs between 1954 and 1974 to prevent Itchalnu from using dogs to either hunt or for transportation, which Ted Fisher justified in 1956 as being "in the best interests of animal welfare;" forcing Itchalnu fishermen to get fishing licenses in order to fish in the seas surrounding Great Island, with these licenses conditional on Itchalnu fishermen adopting Surrowese fishing techniques, and instituting building codes for all housing that was similar to the building codes in other Surrowese communities.<br />
<br />
Politically, Northland County was dissolved in 1953 as was scheduled, with the three improvement districts being established. Although it was envisaged by the Surrowese government that the Central and Southern Improvement Districts would become counties by 1975, the development of the Tulaktarvik palladium mine and the establishment of government offices led to rapid population growth for the Central Improvement District due to more economic opportunities, while the Southern Improvement District's population declined between 1951 and 1971. Thus, as the Central Improvement District was the only improvement district to exceed 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the ''Stoney County Act'', passed in 1974, promoted the Central Improvement District to county status on 1 April, 1975, with the county adopting the name [[Stoney County]] on that date.<br />
<br />
==End of the program==<br />
While the Northern Integration Scheme had wide support in its early years from both the United People's Party and from both the Workers' Party and the Fishermen's Protective Union, who merged into the [[Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists]] in 1965, after President [[Ian Withers]] lost the [[Elections in Surrow#1971|1971 general election]], [[Isaac Rosenhain]] commissioned a report on the Northern Integration Scheme's successes and shortcomings.<br />
<br />
In 1975, the report was released: although it praised the Northern Integration Scheme for "extending Surrowese sovereignty onto Great Island in a time when the discovery of palladium deposits made the island vulnerable to foreign intrigues," and the process of settling the Itchalnu into communities, and the process of consolidating unsustainable settlements, the report noted that:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>"''Certain aspects of the Northern Integration Scheme, such as forcing Itchalnu to adopt registration numbers because administrators could not or were unwilling to understand and pronounce Itchalnu names; prohibiting Itchalnu from hunting and fishing in accordance with their traditional customs; prohibiting Itchalnu from being spoken in educational institutions; constructing buildings that are poorly designed for the local climate, and charging imported food at an extortionate markup, call into question whether or not the methods used to integrate the Itchalnu into the body politic were heavy-handed''."</blockquote><br />
<br />
The report concluded that despite those flaws, the Northern Integration Scheme "accomplished virtually all of its goals," and recommended that the program be wound down while keeping the existing improvement districts with their powers as they are.<br />
<br />
President Isaac Rosenhain would begin the process of ending the Northern Integration Scheme, by passing legislation in late 1975 that permitted Itchalnu to be used in radio and television broadcasts for up to "an hour a day," and permitted schools to teach Itchalnu as a subject. However, Rosenhain's proposal to replace Surrowese outports with more centralised towns led to Rosenhain's ouster, with his successor, [[Griffin Davidson]], saying that "as he sought to end the Northern Integration Scheme on one hand, he sought to use one of its precepts to destroy the Surrowese way of life."<br />
<br />
In 1977, Griffin Davidson abolished the Ministry of Northern Integration, declaring that "the Itchalnu on Great Island have become an integral part of the Surrowese nation, and it is unjust to continue to treat the Itchalnu as children." Although the Ministry of Northern Integration was abolished, and the Northern Integration Scheme officially ended, certain aspects of the program continued, namely the processes of political integration and consolidation, with one settlement, Kippenburg Inlet in present-day Iqittiniq District, declared to be unsustainable in 1998.<br />
<br />
(TBC)<br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
*poverty high among Itchalnu<br />
*Itchalnu lost cultural traditions<br />
*centralising Itchalnu into settlements led to formation of [[United Itchalnu Organisation]], [[Northern Party (1971)|Northern Party]], and [[Nangiqpugut Utessit]] in 1970s and 1980s</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Arucian_Sea&diff=751730Arucian Sea2024-01-12T05:49:30Z<p>Luziyca: /* Gallery */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{WIP}}{{Region icon Kylaris}}<br />
{{Infobox body of water<br />
| name = Arucian Sea<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
<!-- Images --><br />
| image = Beach Of Cayo Coco (108034377).jpeg<br />
| alt = A view of the Arucian Sea from tbd beach in [[Sainte-Chloé]].<br />
| caption = A view of the Arucian Sea from tbd beach in [[Sainte-Chloé]].<br />
| image_bathymetry = <br />
| alt_bathymetry = <br />
| caption_bathymetry = <br />
<!-- Stats --><br />
| location = [[Asteria Superior]]<br>[[Asteria Inferior]]<br />
| group = <br />
| coordinates = <!-- {{coord|DD|MM|SS|N|DD|MM|SS|W|region:ZZ_type:waterbody|display =inline,title}} --><br />
| type = Marginal sea<br />
| etymology = <br />
| part_of = <br />
| inflow = <br />
| rivers = <br />
| outflow = <br />
| oceans = [[Vehemens Ocean]]<br>[[Lumine Ocean]]<br />
| catchment = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --><br />
| basin_countries = {{collapsible list|'''Coastal countries:'''<br>{{flag|Adamantina}}<br>{{flag|Ardesia}}<br>{{flag|Aucuria}}<br>{{flag|Bonaventure}}<br>{{flag|Carucere}}<br>{{flag|Eldmark}}<br>{{flag|Gapolania}}<br>{{flag|Île d'Émeraude}}<br>{{flagicon|Gaullica}} [[Gaullica#Overseas Territories of Gaullica|Îles des Saints]]<br>{{flag|Imagua and the Assimas}}<br>{{flag|Nuvania}}<br>{{flag|Sainte-Chloé}}<br>{{flag|Satucin}}<br>{{flag|Vinalia}}<br>''For other countries, see [[Arucian Sea#Geography|§Hydrography]]}}<br />
| agency = [[Arucian Cooperation Organization]]<br />
| designation = <br />
| date-built = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} For man-made and other recent bodies of water --><br />
| engineer = <br />
| date-flooded = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} For man-made and other recent bodies of water --><br />
| length = tbd<br />
| width = tbd<br />
| area = tbd<br />
| depth = tbd<br />
| max-depth = tbd<br />
| volume = tbd<br />
| residence_time = <br />
| salinity = <br />
| shore = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --><br />
| elevation = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --><br />
| temperature_high = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --><br />
| temperature_low = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --><br />
| frozen = <br />
| islands = [[Golden Islands]] <small>([[Assimas Islands]], [[Bonaventure]], [[Carucere]], [[Imagua (island)|Imagua]], [[Sainte-Chloé]], [[Sainte-Chloé#Administrative Divisions|Sainte-Geneviève]], [[Saint Casimir (island)|Šventasis Kazimieras]], [[Saint Catherine (island)|Šventoji Kotryna]], [[Eldmark|Vanö]])</small><br>[[Emerald Islands]] <small>([[Île d'Émeraude]], [[Satucin|Îles Émeraudes Satucines]], [[Gaullica#Overseas Territories of Gaullica|Îles des Saints]], [[Gapolania|San Nicomede]])</small><br />
| islands_category = <br />
| sections = [[West Arucian Sea]]<br>[[East Arucian Sea]]<br />
| trenches = <br />
| benches = <br />
| cities = {{collapsible list|[[Apvaizda]]<br>[[Catherinsk]]<br>[[Cuanstad]]<br>[[Curulebu]]<br>[[Gatôn]]<br>[[Kalnaspilis]]<br>[[Kingston]]<br>[[Pasau]]<br>[[Port-au-Grégoire]]<br>[[Port de la Sainte|Port-de-la-Sainte]]<br>[[Porto Pellegrini]]<br>[[Rémont]]<br>[[San Stefano]]<br>[[Sermoni]]<br>[[São Agostinho]]<br>[[Trapanto]]<br>[[Vaxholmen]]<br>[[Windstrand]]}}<br />
<!-- Map --><br />
| pushpin_map = <br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = <br />
<!-- Below --> <br />
| website = <br />
| reference = <br />
}}<br />
The '''Arucian Sea''' ({{wp|French language|Gaullican}}: ''Mer arucienne''; {{wp|Portuguese language|Luzelese}}: ''Mar aruciano''; {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Mare aruciano''; {{wp|Lithuanian language|Ruttish}}: ''Aruku jūra''; {{wp|Swedish language|Blostlandic}}: ''Arukiska havet''; {{wp|Afrikaans language|Asteriaans}}: ''Arukiaanse zee''; {{wp|Ukrainian language|Soravian}}: ''Аруканське море'') is a {{wp|body of water}}, conventionally referred to as a single {{wp|sea}}, which is composed of two {{wp|Marginal sea|marginal seas}}: the [[West Arucian Sea]], a marginal sea of the [[Vehemens Ocean]], and the [[East Arucian Sea]], a marginal sea of the [[Lumine Ocean]].<br />
<br />
Located mostly between the {{wp|Equator}} and the {{wp|Tropic of Cancer}} and entirely within the [[Kylaris#Geography|Eastern Hemisphere]], the Arucian Sea separates [[Asteria Superior]] from [[Asteria Inferior]]. It has an area of [tbd] km2, representing X.X% of the global ocean surface; its greatest north-south length is [tbd] meters and its greatest east-west length is [tbd] meters. Its deepest point is [tbd location], located in the [tbd trough/trench] near [tbd country], but its average depth is [tbd] meters.<br />
<br />
The Arucian Sea was important for trade in the pre-[[Assim Asteris|Assimian]] Asterias, connecting polities such as [[Cutinsua]], [[Térachu state|Térachu]], [[Nuvania#Mwiska Wars|Mwiska]], [[Tzapotlan Empire|Tzapotla]], [[Calkhun Empire|Calkhun]], and [[Itzel]] in an intercontinental trade network and enriching the peoples who acted as intermediaries, including the [[Marai peoples|Marai]], {{wp|Taino|Nati}}, {{wp|Kalinago|Mutu}}, and [[Karukera Confederacy|Karukera]]. It has retained its importance in commerce and transit in the centuries since the arrival of [[Euclea|Eucleans]] in the Asterias, and is an important hub of economic activity, transit, and tourism.<br />
<br />
The continental countries which border the Arucian Sea, in clockwise order, are [[Eldmark]], [[Ardesia]], [[Vinalia]], [[Gapolania]], [[Adamantina]], [[Satucin]], [[Aucuria]], and [[Nuvania]]. Additionally, the island countries of [[Sainte-Chloé]], [[Carucere]], [[Imagua|Imagua and the Assimas]], [[Bonaventure]], and [[Île d'Émeraude]], as well as the [[Gaullica|Gaullican]] overseas territory of the [[Gaullica#Overseas Territories of Gaullica|Îles des Saints]], are all located partially or totally within the Arucian.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
<br />
The etymology of the Arucian Sea's name is uncertain and heavily disputed, with no solid academic consensus in favor of any singular theory. <br />
<br />
One theory proposes that the sea's name is derived from a {{wp|Kalinago|Mutu}} word meaning "{{wp|Cassava|cassava root}}", rendered variously as ''aruák'', ''aruwako'', ''arowak'', and ''arawak'', which was sometimes used as a {{wp|Arawak|tribal name}} by the Mutu; according to this theory, early Euclean navigators in the sea encountered a Mutu tribe which referred to themselves by this name, mistakenly {{wp|Elision|elised}} the word from ''aruwak'' into ''aruk'', and subsequently applied their name to body of water upon which they lived. Critics of the theory, however, note that this word was commonly adopted by or applied to Mutu tribes which lived farther from the coast or on large islands, and thereby relied more on agriculture than on fishing for their survival, making it unlikely that Eucleans would name the ocean after such a tribe.<br />
<br />
Another theory suggests that the name "Arucian" is derived from the name of the [[New Aurean Strait]] between [[Satucin]] and [[Ardesia]], which separates [[Asteria Inferior]] from [[Asteria Superior]] and is typically held as the dividing line between the [[East Arucian Sea|East Arucian]] and [[West Arucian Sea|West Arucian]]. The New Aurean Strait is itself named for the [[Aurean Strait]], which separates [[Euclea]] from [[Coius]] and is held to be the dividing point between the [[Solarian Sea]] and the [[Gulf of Assonaire]]. This theory proposes that "Arucian" emerged as a {{wp|Diminutive|diminutive form}} (possibly constructed with the {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}} ''-uccio'', {{wp|Lithuanian language|Ruttish}} ''-ukis'', or {{wp|Ukrainian language|Soravian}} ''-ushka'', ''-uchka'', or ''-ishka'') of "Aurean", with Euclean sailors who had experience sailing through the Aurean Strait affectionately referring to the New Aurean Strait - and by extension the seas which the New Aurean connects - as the "little Aurean". If this hypothesis is true, the Arucian's name would be derived from the {{wp|Latin language|Solarian}} ''aurum'', meaning "{{wp|gold}}", itself ultimately from the {{wp|Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Satrio-Euclean}} ''*h₂ews-'' ("dawn, east"). However, critics of this hypothesis note that there is little hard evidence to suggest that sailors referred to the New Aurean Strait as the "little Aurean", or that the name of the Aurean Strait was applied to the Arucian.<br />
<br />
Some linguists have speculated that "Arucian" might be a mangled form of "[[Aucuria]]", with the consonant phonemes having been swapped by accident at some point. The [[Aucuria#Etymology|etymology of Aucuria]] is itself disputed, with possible links to the Ruttish word ''aukuros'' ("altar"), the {{wp|Classical Quechua|Runanca}} word ''awqa'' ("enemy"), and the Runanca word ''awkisuyu'' ("principality"). Critics of this proposal have argued that the word "Aucuria" was widely adopted too late (only becoming the official name for the [[Ruttish Aucuria|then-Ruttish colony]] in 1561) for it to feasibly be the origin of the Arucian Sea's name, and some have suggested that it might in fact be "Aucuria" which is a mangled form of the word "Arucian", with little uncontested evidence existing in either direction around the potential link between the two words.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
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===Pre-colonial period===<br />
<br />
[before the 1500s]<br />
<br />
===Colonial period===<br />
<br />
[1500s thru 1700s]<br />
<br />
===Evolution and modernization===<br />
<br />
[1800s onwards]<br />
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==Geography==<br />
<br />
===Extent===<br />
<br />
===Hydrography===<br />
<br />
===Coastal countries===<br />
<br />
===Climate===<br />
<br />
===Geology===<br />
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===Oceanography===<br />
<br />
==Biodiversity==<br />
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===Flora===<br />
<br />
===Fauna===<br />
<br />
==Economy & human activity==<br />
<br />
==Environmental issues==<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Seas (Kylaris)]][[Category:Asteria Superior]][[Category:Asteria Inferior]][[Category:Eldmark]][[Category:Ardesia]][[Category:Vinalia]][[Category:Nuvania]][[Category:Aucuria]][[Category:Satucin]][[Category:Adamantina]][[Category:Gapolania]][[Category:Sainte-Chloé]][[Category:Geography of Imagua and the Assimas]][[Category:Carucere]][[Category:Bonaventure]][[Category:Île d'Émeraude]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Assimas_Islands&diff=751723Assimas Islands2024-01-12T05:44:42Z<p>Luziyca: Sabanas -> Carucere, Sanslumière -> Sainte-Chloé, Maracao -> Bonaventura, Geatland -> Blostland</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox islands<br />
|name = Assimas Islands<br />
|native_name = Isole d'Assime ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}})<br>Asimeri ([[Western Imaguan Creole]])<br />
|sobriquet = <!-- or nickname --><br />
|image_name = AssimasIsland.png<br />
|image_size = <br />
|image_caption = The Assimas Islands, highlighted on a map of [[Imagua and the Assimas]]<br />
|image_alt = <br />
|locator_map = <br />
|locator_map_size = <br />
|map_caption = <br />
|location = [[West Arucian Sea]]<br />
|coordinates = <br />
|archipelago = [[Arucian Islands]]<br />
|total_islands = 17<br />
|major_islands = 3<br />
|area_km2 = 4937.61<br />
|area_footnotes = <br />
|rank = <br />
|length_km = <br />
|length_footnotes = <br />
|width_km = <!-- or width m --><br />
|width_footnotes =<br />
|coastline_km = <!-- or coastline m --><br />
|coastline_footnotes = <br />
|elevation_m = 1467<br />
|elevation_footnotes = <br />
|highest_mount = Mount Apita<br />
|Country_heading = <br />
|country = [[Imagua and the Assimas]]<br />
|country_admin_divisions_title = <br />
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|country_admin_divisions_title_1 =<br />
|country_admin_divisions_1 = <br />
|country_admin_divisions_title_2 = <br />
|country_admin_divisions_2 = <br />
|country_capital =<br />
|country_largest_city = [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|San Pietro]]<br />
|country_largest_city_population = 191,096<br />
|country_leader_title = <br />
|country_leader_name = <br />
|country_1 = <br />
|country_1_admin_divisions_title = <br />
|country_1_admin_divisions = <br />
|country_1_admin_divisions_title_1 = <br />
|country_1_admin_divisions_1 = <br />
|country_1_admin_divisions_title_2 = <br />
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|country_1_largest_city_population = <br />
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|demonym = <br />
|population = 301,549<br />
|population_as_of = 2011<br />
|density_km2 = 61.1<br />
|density_footnotes = <br />
|ethnic_groups = <br />
|website = <br />
|additional_info = <br />
}}<br />
The '''Assimas Islands''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Isole d'Assime'', {{wp|Garifuna language|Imaguan}}: ''Asima ubohu-nu'', [[Western Imaguan Creole]]: ''Asimeri'') are a chain of seventeen islands located in the [[West Arucian Sea]] and part of [[Imagua and the Assimas]]. The islands have an area of 4,937.61 square kilometres, comprising 28.6% of the nation's land area, and have a population of 301,549 as of the 2011 census, comprising 23.1% of the national population.<br />
<br />
Situated west of the island of [[Imagua (island)|Imagua]], north of [[Carucere]], northeast of [[Sainte-Chloé]], southeast of the [[Eldmark|Eldmarkian]] island of [[Vanö]], and southwest of [[Bonaventura]], the Assimas Islands, like neighbouring Imagua have held a strategic position in the middle of the West Arucian Sea. This has led to it being inhabited for millennia, first by {{wp|indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous peoples of the Arucian}}, and then from the sixteenth century, by [[Caldia]], [[Blostland]], [[Eldmark]], and then [[Etruria]].<br />
<br />
After the [[Solarian War]] ended in 1946, the islands were transferred to the [[Estmere|Estmerish]] colony of Imagua, which gained independence in 1948 from Estmere.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Pre-colonial history===<br />
[[File:Page_059_of_LE_CANAL_DE_PANAMA_(1866).jpg|250px|thumb|left|Depiction of [[Native Imaguan people|Native Imaguans]], {{circa|1866}}]]<br />
Humans first settled the Assimas around 7,000 years ago, with fossils and stone tools being discovered in [[Rutigliano]] dating from that point in time, with the Assimas being fully inhabited by humans by no later than 6,250 years ago.<br />
<br />
The earliest known people to inhabit the island were the {{wp|Taino|Nati}}, who arrived between 150 BCE and 200 BCE onto the Assimas. They were followed by the [[Marai peoples]] around 200 CE, who established some settlements, with the largest being on the site of present-day [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|San Pietro]]. The Marai would continue to control the cities until the end of the Classical Era around 800 CE, when the Marai cities on the Assimas, like neighbouring [[Imagua (island)|Imagua]], collapsed as the other Marai cities could no longer support their distant colonies.<br />
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Around that point in time, the [[Mutu people]] would arrive from [[Asteria Inferior]], and take over the Assimas by no later than 900 CE. The Mutu would engage in trade with neighbouring states, with {{wp|potatoes}} and other crops being traded for gold which they fashioned into jewelery, while they kept using the {{wp|Taino language|Nati}} language as a {{wp|lingua franca}} despite using the {{wp|Island Carib language|Imaguan language}} for their own day-to-day lives.<br />
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By the early sixteenth century, the Assimas were united under the [[Ubouhu Confederacy]] which comprised the entirety of the Assimas. However, the arrival of Euclean explorers and the spread of Euclean diseases would lead to the collapse of the Ubouhu Confederacy by the 1510s.<br />
<br />
===Early colonisation===<br />
[[File:El_Morro_Castle,_San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico.jpg|250px|thumb|right|View of the [[Castello di Slott]] in [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|San Pietro]], 2006]]<br />
Following its discovery by Caldish explorer TBD, the islands were named after [[Assim Asteris]], with the earliest settlement, Baile Adamhnáin in what is today [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|San Pietro]] being established in 1534. However, unlike neighbouring [[Imagua (island)|Imagua]], the Assimas never saw substantial settlement by the Caldians, with the settlement of Baile Adamhnáin being abandoned by 1548.<br />
<br />
In 1562, the Assimas were captured by [[Blostland]] as part of their conquest of Imagua. However, Blostlandic settlement was minimal for nearly four decades, with TBD attempting to establish a colony in 1578 on the site of [[Porto Cangelosi]], with that colony failing. In 1601, Blostland would establish the settlement of [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|Peterstad]] on the site of the former Caldish settlement of Baile Adamhnáin. However, until 1658, the Assimas were largely underdeveloped compared to the neighbouring Imagua or [[Vanö]].<br />
<br />
After the Estmerish conquest of Imagua in 1658, Blostland would invest significant efforts into the Assimas, with intensive efforts at settling the archipelago. This led to the importation of slaves from [[Bahia]] as part of the wider [[Transvehemens slave trade]] as they were needed to work at the sugar and nutmeg plantations on the Assimas. It also led to the development of Peterstad into being the largest town on the Assimas.<br />
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Blostlandic rule would end over the Assimas in 1769 when the local garrison staged a {{wp|mutiny}} and declared their loyalty to [[Eldmark]], and in 1771, the Assimas officially became part of Eldmark. However, the abolition of slavery in 1776 led to most of the former landowners to leave the Assimas, and the Assimas became seen as a liability to the Eldmarkian government, as it was heavily indebted from its war of independence against Blostland.<br />
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===Etrurian rule===<br />
[[File:Collectie_Nationaal_Museum_van_Wereldculturen_TM-60061930_Hoofdstraat_van_San_Juan_Puerto_Rico_fotograaf_niet_bekend.jpg|250px|thumb|left|View down the [[Via Di Rienzo]] in [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|San Pietro]], {{circa|1914}}]]<br />
In 1813, Eldmark sold the Assimas to the [[United Kingdom of Etruria]] in order to help pay down the debts that the Eldmarkians incurred. The transfer of sovereignty led to the remaining white Eldmarkian population leaving the Assimas, and to the arrival of Etrurians, primarily from [[New Accadia]] (present-day [[Bonaventura]]) and loyalists from [[Gapolania]], but also immigrants coming from Etruria proper.<br />
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The colonial government would engage in policies to Etrurianise the islands, which started by giving all the settlements {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}} names in 1814, with Peterstad assuming its current name of [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|San Pietro]], and making Vespasian the sole official language of the colony. It was followed by policies that promoted the [[Solarian Catholic Church]] at the cost of {{wp|Lutheranism|Gospelism}} and other [[Amendism|Amendist]] sects which were previously the dominant sect of Sotirianity on the Assimas, through only allowing Catholic schools to operate on the island, and by seizing local churches and converting them into Catholic churches. These policies were aided by the reconstruction of San Pietro in an Etrurian style following a fire in 1834 that destroyed much of San Pietro, and the establishment of a naval base in San Pietro in 1840, and continued immigration from Etruria and her colonial empire as the colonial government needed officials to help Etrurianise the islands. <br />
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Later on in the nineteenth century, the construction of dedicated {{wp|sugar refineries}} and factories in San Pietro, and to a lesser extent, in [[Rutigliano]] helped grow the colonial economy, as it facilitated the export of refined sugar and furniture to the rest of the [[Etrurian Empire]], although due to the small size of the Assimas compared to [[New Accadia]], or even the neighbouring Estmerish [[Colony of Imagua]], the Assiman economy remained small, and most of the Assiman economy remained dependent on sugar production.<br />
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The [[Great Collapse]] would greatly affect the Assimas from 1915 onward, with 18% of the Assiman population becoming unemployed by 1918. Unlike metropolitan Etruria, the economy would be slow to recover, and on the eve of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], the Assimas was only at around 90% of its 1915 levels of production. The Great War would initially see an economic recovery for the colony, but after Etruria entered the Great War in 1928, the Assimas were swiftly conquered by [[Gaullica]], and the Assimas would remain under Gaullican occupation until it was liberated in 1933 when the [[Grand Alliance]] liberated the archipelago as part of an island-hopping campaign.<br />
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After the [[Legionary Reaction]] in 1937, the [[Greater Solarian Republic]] would rename the Assimas to '''Nuovo Aeolia''' in 1938 to assert a greater connection to Etruria, and would intensify the Etrurianisation program, with a policy in 1938 requiring that all people adopt Etrurian names. In 1939, the [[Università di San Pietro]] was established by the Greater Solarian Republic, which would allow local Assimans to attend university without leaving the archipelago for Bonaventura or elsewhere, and by the early 1940s, the Greater Solarian Republic invested in improving roads between settlements.<br />
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However, the outbreak of the [[Solarian War]] led to the Colony of Imagua invading and occupying the Assimas by February 1944. Although the islands would officially remain Etrurian until November 1946, Imagua de-facto administered the island from February 1944 onward.<br />
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===Imaguan rule and contemporary era===<br />
[[File:SUGAR_REFINERY_-_NARA_-_546398.jpg|250px|thumb|right|View of a sugar refinery near [[Soldo, Imagua and the Assimas|Soldo]], 1973]]<br />
After the end of the [[Solarian War]] in November 1946, the Assimas were annexed into the [[United Provinces (Kylaris)|United Provinces]]. In January 1947, after the [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democrats]] threatened to break their coalition with the [[Democratic Party (Sainte-Chloé)|Democratic Party]], the Assimas were annexed into the province of [[Imagua]] as [[Assimas County]]. However, in April 1948, Imagua was expelled from the United Provinces, leading to the Assimas becoming part of an independent [[Imagua and the Assimas]].<br />
<br />
Due to the dominance of the country by Estmerish speakers, many Assimans started agitating for increased autonomy or for independence from Imagua and the Assimas, with increasing resentment towards the [[Università di San Pietro]], who was attracting a lot of Estmerish students as a result of it being the only university in the island nation. This led to the growth of the nationalist [[Assiman Independence Party]] in the 1950s and 1960s, which led to [[Prime Minister of Imagua and the Assimas|Prime Minister]] [[Efrem Lacovara]] giving autonomy to the county government in 1969, and to establish a [[University of Cuanstad|university]] in [[Cuanstad]], in order to acquiesce to these demands. By the mid-1970s, the sovereignty movement had largely died out.<br />
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However, with the [[Sugar Crash]] and the decline in sugar production, combined with the transition towards a {{wp|service economy}}, the Assimas started to experience a population decline as younger Assimans would leave the islands to find work elsewhere, especially as the Imaguan economy became more concentrated in [[Cuanstad]] and San Pietro. These trends led to a population decline in the 1980s as the [[Recession of 1980]] greatly affected the Assimas on a much larger scale compared to Imagua.<br />
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Since the 2000s, the economy on the Assimas Islands has started to recover as it completed the transition towards a service economy, with the Assimas economy now being largely based on the {{wp|hospitality industry}}, {{wp|information and technology}}, and {{wp|retail}}. However, it continues to decline in population, as those who remain on the island generally trend older compared to the national average.<br />
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==Geography==<br />
[[File:Dominica_Hiking_Path.JPG|250px|thumb|left|A hiking trail on [[Mount Pioniere]], 2015]]<br />
The Assimas Islands comprises of three major islands, and fourteen islets.<br />
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The largest island, [[Avitabile Island]] ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Isola Avitabile'', [[Western Imaguan Creole]]: ''Mitener'') is 2,582.72 square kilometres in area, with its highest point being [[Mount Pioniere]], at 940 metres above sea level. The second largest island, [[San Sigfrido Island]] ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Isola di San Sigfrido'', [[Western Imaguan Creole]]: ''Ineweyer'') has an area of 1,967.62 square kilometres, with its highest point being the 921 metre high [[Mount Tramonto]]. Finally, the smallest island, [[Guardia Island]] ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Isola della Guardia'', [[Western Imaguan Creole]]: ''Onirer'') has an area of 321.97 square kilometres, with the highest point being [[Mount Oniri]], at only 626 metres above sea level.<br />
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Unlike [[Imagua (island)|Imagua]], which still has active volcanoes, there are no active volcanoes on the Assimas Islands, with several {{wp|dormant volcanoes}}, and one extinct volcano (Mount Oniri). This has meant that erosion has become the main geologic force on the islands, which have made the islands relatively flat compared to its eastern neighbour. The Assimas are separated by the [[Pilastri Straits]] from Imagua.<br />
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This, combined with colonial policies by [[Etruria]] have meant that these islands have experienced more deforestation, as the land was exploited for its agriculture. However, due to the flatter terrain, more of its land is arable, with 1,685.91 square kilometres, or about 18.1% of the Assimas being arable, compared to 8.1% on Imagua.<br />
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===Climate===<br />
Climatically, the Assimas experiences a {{wp|tropical monsoon climate}}, due to its location near the {{wp|equator}}, with the yearly average highs being 32 °C (89.6 °F), and the yearly average lows being 20.5 °C (68.9 °F). The wet season is generally from May to October, while the dry season typically lasts from November to April, although the months of April and November receive more rain than any other month in the dry season. <br />
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The highest recorded temperature on the Assimas Islands was at 37.6 °C (99.7 °F), recorded in [[Venzon, Imagua and the Assimas|Venzon]] on 28 July, 1939, while the coldest recorded temperature recorded on the Assimas was at 8°C (46.4 °F) on the summit of [[Mount Pioniere]] on 19 February, 1911.<br />
<br />
==Administration==<br />
The entirety of the Assimas Islands is administered as [[Assimas County]], which is an autonomous county due to the ''[[Assimas Autonomy Act of 1969]]''. This means that the Assimas has powers over education, welfare, and social development, which is normally a power reserved for the national government in [[Cuanstad]].<br />
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Before the annexation of the Assimas by [[Estmere]] in 1946, the islands were divided into... (TBC)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Geography of Imagua and the Assimas]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Luziyca/Sandbox3&diff=751361User:Luziyca/Sandbox32024-01-10T21:52:24Z<p>Luziyca: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Northern Integration Scheme''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''Ukiuqtaqtumi ilaliujjiniq'') was a [[Surrow|Surrowese government]] program that lasted from 1953 until 1977. Instituted by [[President of Surrow|President]] [[Ted Fisher]], the Northern Integration Scheme's stated aims were to "assert Surrowese sovereignty" over [[Great Island]] and to "integrate the {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}} into the body politic." The program saw the relocation of around 5,000 {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}} to fixed settlements, where they faced substantial pressure to abandon their Itchalnu way of life and adopt Surrowese customs.<br />
<br />
(TBC)<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
[[File:Native_camp,_Pangnirtung,_Baffin_Island,_N.W.T.,_August_1931..jpg|250px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu camp near [[Port Lochlan]], August 1931]]<br />
[[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] has been a part of Surrow from the sixteenth century onward: while [[Northland County]] was created in 1563, it lacked any meaningful control over Great Island, with Northland County's seat being at [[Lombelon Bay]]. The first Auressian settlement on Great Island was only established in [[Port Lochlan]] in 1711 by the [[Rythene|Rytheneans]], but Port Lochlan only served as a seasonal settlement until 1733.<br />
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Following the end of the Eleven Years War in 1759, the number of {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island increased, although the total Auressian population on the islands were less than 100 people during the summer months, and around 20 during the winter, mostly in Port Lochlan by 1800. In 1823, an official from [[Holcot Inlet]] reported that "outside of the nineteen outports, which depend both on the treacherous seas that we back on [[Holcot Island]] or even [[Kikik Island]] can only fear and on the generosity of the Itchalnu, there is no effective presence on the island."<br />
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However, efforts to try and assert Rythenean control over the island during the nineteenth century were hampered due to the geography of Great Island, the harsh environment, and costs, which made it very difficult for permanent settlements to be established on the island. However, Kikik Island would be carved out of Northland County in 1869, with the county seat being subsequently moved to Port Lochlan.<br />
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By 1901, the total population of the island according to the Surrowese census was 519 people scattered across twenty settlements, although the enumerators noted that "they were unable to fully count the natives outside of the settlements," and that if they did, "the real population of the island would be twice or thrice as high as it appears on the census."<br />
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With the outbreak of the [[First Great War (Levilion)|First Great War]], fears that [[Tyrnica]] may try to attack Great Island led to the Surrowese government beginning to draft plans for "reinforcing the island and asserting Rythenean sovereignty over the island," with these plans including "establishing settlements for the natives to gravitate themselves towards." These plans would only begin to be implemented in 1915 after Surrow was granted self-government, with the first settlement under that plan being established in 1923 at [[Tuktooit Inlet]] in what is now [[Stoney County]], and followed by the establishment of [[Arvittiavak]] in 1931, with the intention of providing services to the northern Itchalnu populations, such as a school run by [[Perendism|Perendist]] missionaries and a general store that supplied imported goods from Holcot Island.<br />
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However, these settlements, although modestly successful at attracting some Itchalnu to settle there, did not attract the hoped-for population growth, with the population of both settlements in 1931 being around 27 people who permanently lived in the settlements. This led to newly-elected [[Prime Minister of Surrow|Prime Minister]] [[Ted Fisher]] concluding in 1936 that "all the carrots in the world cannot entice the Natives on Great Island to give up on their way of life," and for Ted Fisher to begin planning the scheme.<br />
<br />
==Planning==<br />
In 1942, Ted Fisher's government released a {{wp|white paper}} on the state of Northland County and its "complete inability to exert control outside of the string of outports that line its coast." The white paper suggested that Northland County was "inviable" due to it covering "the entire breadth of Great Island" despite its population "only comprising of 650 people who live inside the law, and around five thousand Natives who live outside the laws of Surrow," and proposed abolishing the county in favour of [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]] that "would better manage those who live in the outports and in the interior than a county."<br />
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However, the ongoing [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]] caused Ted Fisher's government to take little action on the report. Following the war's end in 1943, the Surrowese government began to conduct surveys in Northland County to document the local Itchalnu population and their annual migration patterns, to determine the best sites for new settlements, and to investigate the county government to determine any deficiencies that the existing county had. However, growing calls for Surrowese independence and the government's focus on negotiating with Rythene for full independence meant that these surveys would only be completed by 1951.<br />
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That year, {{wp|palladium}} was discovered near [[Tulaktarvik|Stoney Harbour]] (present-day [[Tulaktarvik]]) by [[General Armaments]]. This added a greater sense of urgency, as Ted Fisher feared that the "presence of such abundant wealth" and Surrow's lack of effective control over most of Great Island would allow for other countries to establish settlements under the guise of {{wp|terra nullius}}.<br />
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In response to the perceived threat, Ted Fisher would draft the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'' in 1952. The {{wp|omnibus bill}} divided Northland County into three improvement districts, pursuant to the 1942 white paper, which had different powers to [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Counties|counties]], and outlined the components of the [[#Program|Northern Integration Scheme]] in order to ensure that "Surrow can demonstrate its sovereignty over the entire Surrowese archipelago, including Great Island." While this legislation was opposed by [[Wes Anderson]], who left the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] to create the [[Northern Party (1949)|Northern Party]] to advocate for maintaining the status quo, the UPP majority was able to pass the bill into law, with the bill coming into effect on 1 April, 1953.<br />
<br />
==Program==<br />
===Registration===<br />
[[File:Man_registered_at_Port_Hentze.jpg|250px|thumb|right|An Itchalnu man holding up his registration number at [[Port Hentze]], 1953]]<br />
The first key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''registration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''atiliurvik''). This would register all the Itchalnu who "lived outside the {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island" as a {{wp|disc number|registration number}} ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''ujamiit''), with each number comprised of a letter corresponding to an improvement district, followed by a two digit number indicating the nearest settlement, followed by a three digit number identifying the individual (e.g. [[Central Improvement District|C]]01-043). These registration numbers were required to be displayed at all times by all Itchalnu assigned these numbers, with the Surrowese government providing discs that displayed their registration number to each person.<br />
<br />
As [[#Settlement|settlement]] progressed, Itchalnu who moved to the settlements and who previously had registration numbers were given Auressian-style names. In most circumstances, first names were based off of school records, while in cases where an Itchalnu person had never attended a school, they were assigned an Auressian-style forename by a bureaucrat. As Itchalnu never had surnames, some bureaucrats assigned Itchalnu Auressian-style surnames, while other bureaucrats would assign Itchalnu names that were rooted in the Itchalnu language. This process of assigning registration numbers was planned to take a period of three to four years, with the Auressian-style names to be given "as the Itchalnu continue to be integrated into the body politic" to replace their registration number.<br />
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===Settlement===<br />
The second key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''settlement''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''nunaliit''). All Itchalnu who had been registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme would be encouraged to move to permanent settlements on the coasts of Great Island, with these settlements being designed to resemble {{wp|Newfoundland outports|Surrowese outports}} on [[Holcot Island]] and [[Kikik Island]]. The Itchalnu would be promised government benefits, better food than what they were able to acquire if they continued to live on the land, and better housing. <br />
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After a one year grace period, if an Itchalnu who was registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme refused to move to a settlement, the Surrowese government would warn "refusants" that if they continued to refuse to move a settlement, they would have their children taken away from them, their dogs would be slaughtered so that they would not be able to continue living a nomadic existence, and they may be charged with trespassing on state land. After another one year grace period, those deemed refusants would be arrested by an officer from the [[Surrowese Constabulary]], their children taken away from them, and their dogs slaughtered, and transported to a settlement that the arresting officer decided upon.<br />
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As part of the Northern Integration Scheme, in addition to the twenty-two settlements which existed prior to the Northern Integration Scheme, fourteen more were to be established in order to ensure that Itchalnu can "continue to live close to their ancestral lands as they begin to be integrated into the body politic." These settlements were expected to be built between 1953 and 1960, with four to be built in the Northern Improvement District, seven to be built in the Central Improvement District, and three in the Southern Improvement District.<br />
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===Consolidation===<br />
The third key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''consolidation''' ({{wp|Inkutitut|Itchalnu}}: ''katiqsuqsimajut''). After all the Itchalnu have been settled into settlements, which was expected to take a six year period between 1954 and 1960, settlements that were deemed to be "prohibitively expensive" for the Surrowese government to provide services to would be declared unsustainable, and residents would be encouraged to move to sustainable settlements, which the government defined as a settlement with more than 150-200 people.<br />
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The purpose of consolidation was to "avoid the mistakes of early settlement of Surrow" where the number of outports had proliferated, "through consolidating the number of settlements from thirty-six settlements to a more manageable number." Consolidation would also "ensure that when these improvement districts become counties, these settlements will be better able to remain sustainable in not just the final quarter of this century, but throughout the next century."<br />
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===Personal integration===<br />
The fourth key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''personal integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''imminnuungajut ilaliujjiniq''), which would involve heavy investment into education, through the establishment of government-run schools that would replace the [[Perendism|Perendist]] mission schools, and through the establishment of {{wp|adult education}} programs targeting the Itchalnu.<br />
<br />
Ted Fisher said that "if we want the Natives on Great Island to become as Surrowese as the Tyrnican in [[Tuckamore County]] or the Rythenean in [[Disappointment County]], the government must take over education from the Perendist missionaries so that the Natives may learn how to live in the Surrow of today." The curriculum for the government-run schools would involve teaching the "values and mores of the body politic" and practical skills that were needed in "modern Surrowese society," such as literacy in {{wp|English language|Rythenean}}, mathematics, and science, so that when they graduated, they would become "fully integrated into Surrowese society."<br />
<br />
Adult education would focus on teaching Itchalnu both the values and mores of the broader Surrowese culture and practical skills so that they would "become a productive part of the modern Surrowese workforce" and allow them to have the skills needed to "function in today's Surrow, rather than the Surrow of yesterday." This would include teaching them Rythenean so that they could fully participate in society.<br />
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Other parts of personal integration included imposing regulations on housing, with houses in the fourteen settlements being designed to be more like houses in Surrowese outports "to promote assimilation into the body politic"; a crackdown on traditional hunting and fishing practices that would "cause the Natives on Great Island to abandon civilisation," and restricting the number of dogs they could own to a "manageable number."<br />
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===Political integration===<br />
The fifth and final key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''political integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''gavamalirinirmut ilaliujjiniq''). Due to [[Northland County]]'s lack of ability to exert control over Great Island, the county was to be abolished and divided into three [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]], which would have power over day-to-day operations of trial courts and determining whether a given settlement was sustainable or unsustainable. Each district would receive one member of [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]] from the [[Elections of Surrow#1954|1954 election]] onward.<br />
<br />
The improvement districts were planned to last for a minimum of twenty-one years from when the bill went into effect, with the ''Northern Integration Act'' saying that if any of the improvement districts reached a population over 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the relevant district(s) would be "considered fully integrated and should be given county status no later than 1 April, 1975, with all the responsibilities thereof." Government officials from the early 1950s expected that both the [[Central Improvement District]] and [[Iqittiniq District|Southern Improvement District]] would become counties by 1975, while it was expected that the [[Ukiuqtaqtuq District|Northern Improvement District]] "will never reach the population threshold to become a county."<br />
<br />
==Implementation==<br />
===Registration, settlement and consolidation===<br />
[[File:Settlement_at_Berentson_Harbour_1954.jpg|250px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu family being allocated a home in [[Berentson Harbour]], 1954]]<br />
Following the passage of the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'', the Surrowese government began immediately on registering the Itchalnu population living outside the settlements, even before the act went into effect. By 1956, the Ministry of Northern Integration "successfully registered every native who did not previously reside in any settlement," with 4,983 Itchalnu registered as part of the first component of the Northern Integration Scheme.<br />
<br />
In 1953, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme began to be implemented, with the fourteen settlements outlined in the Northern Integration Scheme beginning to be constructed. The houses built in the fourteen settlements proved to be ill-suited to the local climate, partially due to the houses being {{wp|prefabricated housing}} that were built as cheaply as possible in order to settle the Itchalnu into the settlements as quickly as possible, and because of the architecture of the Surrowese-style houses was perceived by the Itchalnu to be ill-suited to the Breuvician climate on Great Island. In addition, the stores established in the settlements sold imported low-quality [[Albrennia|Albrennian]] food at what [[Charles Acklack]] said was "extortionate prices," with prices being "at least three times as high as in Holcot Inlet, and six times as in [[Sherborn]].<br />
<br />
These factors, in addition to fears among the Itchalnu that they would lose their culture, meant that while the number of refusants only comprised 5%-10% of those who were resettled in 1953 and 1954, by 1959 and 1960, the proportion of refusants grew to around 60%-70% of those resettled in both of those years. Despite the proportion of refusants who wound up being forcefully resettled, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme was completed by 1960, with the Ministry of Northern Integration reporting that of the 5,119 registered people, 3,143 "voluntarily moved to settlements," while 1,976 refusants were relocated, either to Tulaktarvik, Port Lochlan, or Holcot Inlet.<br />
<br />
In 1960, the third component of the Northern Integration Scheme began, with two settlements in the Southern Improvement District being declared unsustainable. From the 1960s until the mid-1980s, all of the fourteen settlements built under the scheme, in addition to eighteen of the twenty-two settlements built prior to the scheme's inception were declared unsustainable, and residents of those settlements were encouraged to move to a sustainable settlement by closing schools, clinics, stores, and community centres in those settlements and refusing to provide more than basic emergency services to unsustainable settlement. Although the Surrowese government expected that most of those in the unsustainable settlements would "funnel down to the administrative centres of the improvement districts," most would move to Tulaktarvik due to economic opportunities.<br />
<br />
===Integration===<br />
The Northern Integration Scheme would bring about a radical change in education: from 1953 onward, the national government took control of all schools on Great Island from the Perendist missions, and began building new schools across the island. Most schools that were built as part of the Northern Integration Scheme were designed to only be {{wp|primary school|primary schools}}, with {{wp|secondary school|secondary schools}} only being built in [[Port Lochlan]] and [[Tulaktarvik]] to "further the integration of Native children into the body politic" and to save money. In order to further integration, virtually all schools on the island banned the use of {{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}} and the practice of Itchalnu culture. By 1964, virtually all children on Great Island attended school, although most children on Great Island were taught a basic vocational education.<br />
<br />
Although children's education was well-funded, adult education was rudimentary in comparison, with [[Charles Acklack]] saying that "all we were taught were how to speak Rythenean, how to maintain a 'modern home,' and how to use modern industrial equipment." Statistics from the Ministry of Northern Integration in 1970 reported that middle-aged Itchalnu and old-aged Itchalnu "lacked the skills necessary to participate in the Surrowese economy, even among those who entered the adult education programs," although it praised the increasing use of Rythenean as a "day-to-day language" among the Itchalnu in all three improvement districts.<br />
<br />
Other major policies designed to promote "personal integration" included the mass slaughter of dogs between 1954 and 1974 to prevent Itchalnu from using dogs to either hunt or for transportation, which Ted Fisher justified in 1956 as being "in the best interests of animal welfare;" forcing Itchalnu fishermen to get fishing licenses in order to fish in the seas surrounding Great Island, with these licenses conditional on Itchalnu fishermen adopting Surrowese fishing techniques, and instituting building codes for all housing that was similar to the building codes in other Surrowese communities.<br />
<br />
Politically, Northland County was dissolved in 1953 as was scheduled, with the three improvement districts being established. Although it was envisaged by the Surrowese government that the Central and Southern Improvement Districts would become counties by 1975, the development of the Tulaktarvik palladium mine and the establishment of government offices led to rapid population growth for the Central Improvement District due to more economic opportunities, while the Southern Improvement District's population declined between 1951 and 1971. Thus, as the Central Improvement District was the only improvement district to exceed 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the ''Stoney County Act'', passed in 1974, promoted the Central Improvement District to county status on 1 April, 1975, with the county adopting the name [[Stoney County]] on that date.<br />
<br />
==End of the program==<br />
While the Northern Integration Scheme had wide support in its early years from both the United People's Party and from both the Workers' Party and the Fishermen's Protective Union, who merged into the [[Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists]] in 1965, after President [[Ian Withers]] lost the [[Elections in Surrow#1971|1971 general election]], [[Isaac Rosenhain]] commissioned a report on the Northern Integration Scheme's successes and shortcomings.<br />
<br />
In 1975, the report was released: although it praised the Northern Integration Scheme for "extending Surrowese sovereignty onto Great Island in a time when the discovery of palladium deposits made the island vulnerable to foreign intrigues," and the process of settling the Itchalnu into communities, and the process of consolidating unsustainable settlements, the report noted that:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>"''Certain aspects of the Northern Integration Scheme, such as forcing Itchalnu to adopt registration numbers because administrators could not or were unwilling to understand and pronounce Itchalnu names; prohibiting Itchalnu from hunting and fishing in accordance with their traditional customs; prohibiting Itchalnu from being spoken in educational institutions; constructing buildings that are poorly designed for the local climate, and charging imported food at an extortionate markup, call into question whether or not the methods used to integrate the Itchalnu into the body politic were heavy-handed''."</blockquote><br />
<br />
The report concluded that despite those flaws, the Northern Integration Scheme "accomplished virtually all of its goals," and recommended that the program be wound down while keeping the existing improvement districts with their powers as they are.<br />
<br />
President Isaac Rosenhain would begin the process of ending the Northern Integration Scheme, by passing legislation in 1976 that <br />
<br />
(TBC)<br />
<br />
==Legacy==</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Luziyca/Sandbox3&diff=751001User:Luziyca/Sandbox32024-01-10T02:42:18Z<p>Luziyca: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Northern Integration Scheme''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''Ukiuqtaqtumi ilaliujjiniq'') was a [[Surrow|Surrowese government]] program that lasted from 1953 until 1977. Instituted by [[President of Surrow|President]] [[Ted Fisher]], the Northern Integration Scheme's stated aims were to "assert Surrowese sovereignty" over [[Great Island]] and to "integrate the {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}} into the body politic."<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
[[File:Native_camp,_Pangnirtung,_Baffin_Island,_N.W.T.,_August_1931..jpg|250px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu camp near [[Port Lochlan]], August 1931]]<br />
[[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] has been a part of Surrow from the sixteenth century onward: while [[Northland County]] was created in 1563, it lacked any meaningful control over Great Island, with Northland County's seat being at [[Lombelon Bay]]. The first Auressian settlement on Great Island was only established in [[Port Lochlan]] in 1711 by the [[Rythene|Rytheneans]], but Port Lochlan only served as a seasonal settlement until 1733.<br />
<br />
Following the end of the Eleven Years War in 1759, the number of {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island increased, although the total Auressian population on the islands were less than 100 people during the summer months, and around 20 during the winter, mostly in Port Lochlan by 1800. In 1823, an official from [[Holcot Inlet]] reported that "outside of the nineteen outports, which depend both on the treacherous seas that we back on [[Holcot Island]] or even [[Kikik Island]] can only fear and on the generosity of the Itchalnu, there is no effective presence on the island."<br />
<br />
However, efforts to try and assert Rythenean control over the island during the nineteenth century were hampered due to the geography of Great Island, the harsh environment, and costs, which made it very difficult for permanent settlements to be established on the island. However, Kikik Island would be carved out of Northland County in 1869, with the county seat being subsequently moved to Port Lochlan.<br />
<br />
By 1901, the total population of the island according to the Surrowese census was 519 people scattered across twenty settlements, although the enumerators noted that "they were unable to fully count the natives outside of the settlements," and that if they did, "the real population of the island would be twice or thrice as high as it appears on the census."<br />
<br />
With the outbreak of the [[First Great War (Levilion)|First Great War]], fears that [[Tyrnica]] may try to attack Great Island led to the Surrowese government beginning to draft plans for "reinforcing the island and asserting Rythenean sovereignty over the island," with these plans including "establishing settlements for the natives to gravitate themselves towards." These plans would only begin to be implemented in 1915 after Surrow was granted self-government, with the first settlement under that plan being established in 1923 at [[Tuktooit Inlet]] in what is now [[Stoney County]], and followed by the establishment of [[Arvittiavak]] in 1931, with the intention of providing services to the northern Itchalnu populations, such as a school run by [[Perendism|Perendist]] missionaries and a general store that supplied imported goods from Holcot Island.<br />
<br />
However, these settlements, although modestly successful at attracting some Itchalnu to settle there, did not attract the hoped-for population growth, with the population of both settlements in 1931 being around 27 people who permanently lived in the settlements. This led to newly-elected [[Prime Minister of Surrow|Prime Minister]] [[Ted Fisher]] concluding in 1936 that "all the carrots in the world cannot entice the Natives on Great Island to give up on their way of life," and for Ted Fisher to begin planning the scheme.<br />
<br />
==Planning==<br />
In 1942, Ted Fisher's government released a {{wp|white paper}} on the state of Northland County and its "complete inability to exert control outside of the string of outports that line its coast." The white paper suggested that Northland County was "inviable" due to it covering "the entire breadth of Great Island" despite its population "only comprising of 650 people who live inside the law, and around five thousand Natives who live outside the laws of Surrow," and proposed abolishing the county in favour of [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]] that "would better manage those who live in the outports and in the interior than a county."<br />
<br />
However, the ongoing [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]] caused Ted Fisher's government to take little action on the report. Following the war's end in 1943, the Surrowese government began to conduct surveys in Northland County to document the local Itchalnu population and their annual migration patterns, to determine the best sites for new settlements, and to investigate the county government to determine any deficiencies that the existing county had. However, growing calls for Surrowese independence and the government's focus on negotiating with Rythene for full independence meant that these surveys would only be completed by 1951.<br />
<br />
That year, {{wp|palladium}} was discovered near [[Tulaktarvik|Stoney Harbour]] (present-day [[Tulaktarvik]]) by [[General Armaments]]. This added a greater sense of urgency, as Ted Fisher feared that the "presence of such abundant wealth" and Surrow's lack of effective control over most of Great Island would allow for other countries to establish settlements under the guise of {{wp|terra nullius}}.<br />
<br />
In response to the perceived threat, Ted Fisher would draft the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'' in 1952. The {{wp|omnibus bill}} divided Northland County into three improvement districts, pursuant to the 1942 white paper, which had different powers to [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Counties|counties]], and outlined the components of the [[#Program|Northern Integration Scheme]] in order to ensure that "Surrow can demonstrate its sovereignty over the entire Surrowese archipelago, including Great Island." While this legislation was opposed by [[Wes Anderson]], who left the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] to create the [[Northern Party (1949)|Northern Party]] to advocate for maintaining the status quo, the UPP majority was able to pass the bill into law, with the bill coming into effect on 1 April, 1953.<br />
<br />
==Program==<br />
===Registration===<br />
[[File:Man_registered_at_Port_Hentze.jpg|250px|thumb|right|An Itchalnu man holding up his registration number at [[Port Hentze]], 1953]]<br />
The first key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''registration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''atiliurvik''). This would register all the Itchalnu who "lived outside the {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island" as a {{wp|disc number|registration number}} ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''ujamiit''), with each number comprised of a letter corresponding to an improvement district, followed by a two digit number indicating the nearest settlement, followed by a three digit number identifying the individual (e.g. [[Central Improvement District|C]]01-043). These registration numbers were required to be displayed at all times by all Itchalnu assigned these numbers, with the Surrowese government providing discs that displayed their registration number to each person.<br />
<br />
As [[#Settlement|settlement]] progressed, Itchalnu who moved to the settlements and who previously had registration numbers were given Auressian-style names. In most circumstances, first names were based off of school records, while in cases where an Itchalnu person had never attended a school, they were assigned an Auressian-style forename by a bureaucrat. As Itchalnu never had surnames, some bureaucrats assigned Itchalnu Auressian-style surnames, while other bureaucrats would assign Itchalnu names that were rooted in the Itchalnu language. This process of assigning registration numbers was planned to take a period of three to four years, with the Auressian-style names to be given "as the Itchalnu continue to be integrated into the body politic" to replace their registration number.<br />
<br />
===Settlement===<br />
The second key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''settlement''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''nunaliit''). All Itchalnu who had been registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme would be encouraged to move to permanent settlements on the coasts of Great Island, with these settlements being designed to resemble {{wp|Newfoundland outports|Surrowese outports}} on [[Holcot Island]] and [[Kikik Island]]. The Itchalnu would be promised government benefits, better food than what they were able to acquire if they continued to live on the land, and better housing. <br />
<br />
After a one year grace period, if an Itchalnu who was registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme refused to move to a settlement, the Surrowese government would warn "refusants" that if they continued to refuse to move a settlement, they would have their children taken away from them, their dogs would be slaughtered so that they would not be able to continue living a nomadic existence, and they may be charged with trespassing on state land. After another one year grace period, those deemed refusants would be arrested by an officer from the [[Surrowese Constabulary]], their children taken away from them, and their dogs slaughtered, and transported to a settlement that the arresting officer decided upon.<br />
<br />
As part of the Northern Integration Scheme, in addition to the twenty-two settlements which existed prior to the Northern Integration Scheme, fourteen more were to be established in order to ensure that Itchalnu can "continue to live close to their ancestral lands as they begin to be integrated into the body politic." These settlements were expected to be built between 1953 and 1960, with four to be built in the Northern Improvement District, seven to be built in the Central Improvement District, and three in the Southern Improvement District.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation===<br />
The third key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''consolidation''' ({{wp|Inkutitut|Itchalnu}}: ''katiqsuqsimajut''). After all the Itchalnu have been settled into settlements, which was expected to take a six year period between 1954 and 1960, settlements that were deemed to be "prohibitively expensive" for the Surrowese government to provide services to would be declared unsustainable, and residents would be encouraged to move to sustainable settlements, which the government defined as a settlement with more than 150-200 people.<br />
<br />
The purpose of consolidation was to "avoid the mistakes of early settlement of Surrow" where the number of outports had proliferated, "through consolidating the number of settlements from thirty-six settlements to a more manageable number." Consolidation would also "ensure that when these improvement districts become counties, these settlements will be better able to remain sustainable in not just the final quarter of this century, but throughout the next century."<br />
<br />
===Personal integration===<br />
The fourth key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''personal integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''imminnuungajut ilaliujjiniq''), which would involve heavy investment into education, through the establishment of government-run schools that would replace the [[Perendism|Perendist]] mission schools, and through the establishment of {{wp|adult education}} programs targeting the Itchalnu.<br />
<br />
Ted Fisher said that "if we want the Natives on Great Island to become as Surrowese as the Tyrnican in [[Tuckamore County]] or the Rythenean in [[Disappointment County]], the government must take over education from the Perendist missionaries so that the Natives may learn how to live in the Surrow of today." The curriculum for the government-run schools would involve teaching the "values and mores of the body politic" and practical skills that were needed in "modern Surrowese society," such as literacy in {{wp|English language|Rythenean}}, mathematics, and science, so that when they graduated, they would become "fully integrated into Surrowese society."<br />
<br />
Adult education would focus on teaching Itchalnu both the values and mores of the broader Surrowese culture and practical skills so that they would "become a productive part of the modern Surrowese workforce" and allow them to have the skills needed to "function in today's Surrow, rather than the Surrow of yesterday." This would include teaching them Rythenean so that they could fully participate in society.<br />
<br />
Other parts of personal integration included imposing regulations on housing, with houses in the fourteen settlements being designed to be more like houses in Surrowese outports "to promote assimilation into the body politic"; a crackdown on traditional hunting and fishing practices that would "cause the Natives on Great Island to abandon civilisation," and restricting the number of dogs they could own to a "manageable number."<br />
<br />
===Political integration===<br />
The fifth and final key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''political integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''gavamalirinirmut ilaliujjiniq''). Due to [[Northland County]]'s lack of ability to exert control over Great Island, the county was to be abolished and divided into three [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]], which would have power over day-to-day operations of trial courts and determining whether a given settlement was sustainable or unsustainable. Each district would receive one member of [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]] from the [[Elections of Surrow#1954|1954 election]] onward.<br />
<br />
The improvement districts were planned to last for a minimum of twenty-one years from when the bill went into effect, with the ''Northern Integration Act'' saying that if any of the improvement districts reached a population over 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the relevant district(s) would be "considered fully integrated and should be given county status no later than 1 April, 1975, with all the responsibilities thereof." Government officials from the early 1950s expected that both the [[Central Improvement District]] and [[Iqittiniq District|Southern Improvement District]] would become counties by 1975, while it was expected that the [[Ukiuqtaqtuq District|Northern Improvement District]] "will never reach the population threshold to become a county."<br />
<br />
==Implementation==<br />
===Registration, settlement and consolidation===<br />
[[File:Settlement_at_Berentson_Harbour_1954.jpg|250px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu family being allocated a home in [[Berentson Harbour]], 1954]]<br />
Following the passage of the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'', the Surrowese government began immediately on registering the Itchalnu population living outside the settlements, even before the act went into effect. By 1956, the Ministry of Northern Integration "successfully registered every native who did not previously reside in any settlement," with 4,983 Itchalnu registered as part of the first component of the Northern Integration Scheme.<br />
<br />
In 1953, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme began to be implemented, with the fourteen settlements outlined in the Northern Integration Scheme beginning to be constructed. The houses built in the fourteen settlements proved to be ill-suited to the local climate, partially due to the houses being {{wp|prefabricated housing}} that were built as cheaply as possible in order to settle the Itchalnu into the settlements as quickly as possible, and because of the architecture of the Surrowese-style houses was perceived by the Itchalnu to be ill-suited to the Breuvician climate on Great Island. In addition, the stores established in the settlements sold imported low-quality [[Albrennia|Albrennian]] food at what [[Charles Acklack]] said was "extortionate prices," with prices being "at least three times as high as in Holcot Inlet, and six times as in [[Sherborn]].<br />
<br />
These factors, in addition to fears among the Itchalnu that they would lose their culture, meant that while the number of refusants only comprised 5%-10% of those who were resettled in 1953 and 1954, by 1959 and 1960, the proportion of refusants grew to around 60%-70% of those resettled in both of those years. Despite the proportion of refusants who wound up being forcefully resettled, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme was completed by 1960, with the Ministry of Northern Integration reporting that of the 5,219 registered people, 3,243 "voluntarily moved to settlements," while 1,976 refusants were relocated, either to Tulaktarvik, Port Lochlan, or Holcot Inlet.<br />
<br />
In 1960, the third component of the Northern Integration Scheme began, with two settlements in the Southern Improvement District being declared unsustainable. From the 1960s until the mid-1980s, all of the fourteen settlements built under the scheme, in addition to eighteen of the twenty-two settlements built prior to the scheme's inception were declared unsustainable, and residents of those settlements were encouraged to move to a sustainable settlement by closing schools, clinics, stores, and community centres in those settlements and refusing to provide more than basic emergency services to unsustainable settlement. Although the Surrowese government expected that most of those in the unsustainable settlements would "funnel down to the administrative centres of the improvement districts," most would move to Tulaktarvik due to economic opportunities.<br />
<br />
===Integration===<br />
*heavy investment into education programs to try and assimilate the Itchalnu population, mass slaughter of dogs to keep Itchalnu from hunting under the guise of "managing the pet population"<br />
*Central Improvement District grows quite a lot, Southern Improvement District doesn't grow as quickly as hoped because [[Tulaktarvik]] is growing so damn rapidly, CID becomes a county in 1975<br />
<br />
(TBC)<br />
<br />
==End of the program==<br />
<br />
==Legacy==</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Luziyca/Sandbox3&diff=750944User:Luziyca/Sandbox32024-01-10T00:04:51Z<p>Luziyca: /* Settlement */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Northern Integration Scheme''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''Ukiuqtaqtumi ilaliujjiniq'') was a [[Surrow|Surrowese government]] program that lasted from 1953 until 1977. Instituted by [[President of Surrow|President]] [[Ted Fisher]], the Northern Integration Scheme's stated aims were to "assert Surrowese sovereignty" over [[Great Island]] and to "integrate the {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}} into the body politic."<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
[[File:Native_camp,_Pangnirtung,_Baffin_Island,_N.W.T.,_August_1931..jpg|250px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu camp near [[Port Lochlan]], August 1931]]<br />
[[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] has been a part of Surrow from the sixteenth century onward: while [[Northland County]] was created in 1563, it lacked any meaningful control over Great Island, with Northland County's seat being at [[Lombelon Bay]]. The first Auressian settlement on Great Island was only established in [[Port Lochlan]] in 1711 by the [[Rythene|Rytheneans]], but Port Lochlan only served as a seasonal settlement until 1733.<br />
<br />
Following the end of the Eleven Years War in 1759, the number of {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island increased, although the total Auressian population on the islands were less than 100 people during the summer months, and around 20 during the winter, mostly in Port Lochlan by 1800. In 1823, an official from [[Holcot Inlet]] reported that "outside of the nineteen outports, which depend both on the treacherous seas that we back on [[Holcot Island]] or even [[Kikik Island]] can only fear and on the generosity of the Itchalnu, there is no effective presence on the island."<br />
<br />
However, efforts to try and assert Rythenean control over the island during the nineteenth century were hampered due to the geography of Great Island, the harsh environment, and costs, which made it very difficult for permanent settlements to be established on the island. However, Kikik Island would be carved out of Northland County in 1869, with the county seat being subsequently moved to Port Lochlan.<br />
<br />
By 1901, the total population of the island according to the Surrowese census was 519 people scattered across twenty settlements, although the enumerators noted that "they were unable to fully count the natives outside of the settlements," and that if they did, "the real population of the island would be twice or thrice as high as it appears on the census."<br />
<br />
With the outbreak of the [[First Great War (Levilion)|First Great War]], fears that [[Tyrnica]] may try to attack Great Island led to the Surrowese government beginning to draft plans for "reinforcing the island and asserting Rythenean sovereignty over the island," with these plans including "establishing settlements for the natives to gravitate themselves towards." These plans would only begin to be implemented in 1915 after Surrow was granted self-government, with the first settlement under that plan being established in 1923 at [[Tuktooit Inlet]] in what is now [[Stoney County]], and followed by the establishment of [[Arvittiavak]] in 1931, with the intention of providing services to the northern Itchalnu populations, such as a school run by [[Perendism|Perendist]] missionaries and a general store that supplied imported goods from Holcot Island.<br />
<br />
However, these settlements, although modestly successful at attracting some Itchalnu to settle there, did not attract the hoped-for population growth, with the population of both settlements in 1931 being around 27 people who permanently lived in the settlements. This led to newly-elected [[Prime Minister of Surrow|Prime Minister]] [[Ted Fisher]] concluding in 1936 that "all the carrots in the world cannot entice the Natives on Great Island to give up on their way of life," and for Ted Fisher to begin planning the scheme.<br />
<br />
==Planning==<br />
In 1942, Ted Fisher's government released a {{wp|white paper}} on the state of Northland County and its "complete inability to exert control outside of the string of outports that line its coast." The white paper suggested that Northland County was "inviable" due to it covering "the entire breadth of Great Island" despite its population "only comprising of 650 people who live inside the law, and around five thousand Natives who live outside the laws of Surrow," and proposed abolishing the county in favour of [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]] that "would better manage those who live in the outports and in the interior than a county."<br />
<br />
However, the ongoing [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]] caused Ted Fisher's government to take little action on the report. Following the war's end in 1943, the Surrowese government began to conduct surveys in Northland County to document the local Itchalnu population and their annual migration patterns, to determine the best sites for new settlements, and to investigate the county government to determine any deficiencies that the existing county had. However, growing calls for Surrowese independence and the government's focus on negotiating with Rythene for full independence meant that these surveys would only be completed by 1951.<br />
<br />
That year, {{wp|palladium}} was discovered near [[Tulaktarvik|Stoney Harbour]] (present-day [[Tulaktarvik]]) by [[General Armaments]]. This added a greater sense of urgency, as Ted Fisher feared that the "presence of such abundant wealth" and Surrow's lack of effective control over most of Great Island would allow for other countries to establish settlements under the guise of {{wp|terra nullius}}.<br />
<br />
In response to the perceived threat, Ted Fisher would draft the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'' in 1952. The {{wp|omnibus bill}} divided Northland County into three improvement districts, pursuant to the 1942 white paper, which had different powers to [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Counties|counties]], and outlined the components of the [[#Program|Northern Integration Scheme]] in order to ensure that "Surrow can demonstrate its sovereignty over the entire Surrowese archipelago, including Great Island." While this legislation was opposed by [[Wes Anderson]], who left the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] to create the [[Northern Party (1949)|Northern Party]] to advocate for maintaining the status quo, the UPP majority was able to pass the bill into law, with the bill coming into effect on 1 April, 1953.<br />
<br />
==Program==<br />
===Registration===<br />
[[File:Man_registered_at_Port_Hentze.jpg|200px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu man being registered at [[Port Hentze]], 1953]]<br />
The first key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''registration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''atiliurvik''). This would register all the Itchalnu who "lived outside the {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island" as a {{wp|disc number|registration number}} ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''ujamiit''), with each number comprised of a letter corresponding to an improvement district, followed by a two digit number indicating the nearest settlement, followed by a three digit number identifying the individual (e.g. [[Central Improvement District|C]]01-043). These registration numbers were required to be displayed at all times by all Itchalnu assigned these numbers, with the Surrowese government providing discs that displayed their registration number to each person.<br />
<br />
As [[#Settlement|settlement]] progressed, Itchalnu who moved to the settlements and who previously had registration numbers were given Auressian-style names. In most circumstances, first names were based off of school records, while in cases where an Itchalnu person had never attended a school, they were assigned an Auressian-style forename by a bureaucrat. As Itchalnu never had surnames, some bureaucrats assigned Itchalnu Auressian-style surnames, while other bureaucrats would assign Itchalnu names that were rooted in the Itchalnu language. This process of assigning registration numbers was planned to take a period of three to four years, with the Auressian-style names to be given "as the Itchalnu continue to be integrated into the body politic" to replace their registration number.<br />
<br />
===Settlement===<br />
[[File:Settlement_at_Berentson_Harbour_1954.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Itchalnu family being allocated a home in [[Berentson Harbour]], 1954]]<br />
The second key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''settlement''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''nunaliit''). All Itchalnu who had been registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme would be encouraged to move to permanent settlements on the coasts of Great Island, with these settlements being designed to resemble {{wp|Newfoundland outports|Surrowese outports}} on [[Holcot Island]] and [[Kikik Island]]. The Itchalnu would be promised government benefits, better food than what they were able to acquire if they continued to live on the land, and better housing. <br />
<br />
After a one year grace period, if an Itchalnu who was registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme refused to move to a settlement, the Surrowese government would warn "refusants" that if they continued to refuse to move a settlement, they would have their children taken away from them, their dogs would be slaughtered so that they would not be able to continue living a nomadic existence, and they may be charged with trespassing on state land. After another one year grace period, those deemed refusants would be arrested by an officer from the [[Surrowese Constabulary]], their children taken away from them, and their dogs slaughtered, and transported to a settlement that the arresting officer decided upon.<br />
<br />
As part of the Northern Integration Scheme, in addition to the twenty-two settlements which existed prior to the Northern Integration Scheme, fourteen more were to be established in order to ensure that Itchalnu can "continue to live close to their ancestral lands as they begin to be integrated into the body politic." These settlements were expected to be built between 1953 and 1960, with four to be built in the Northern Improvement District, seven to be built in the Central Improvement District, and three in the Southern Improvement District.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation===<br />
The third key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''consolidation''' ({{wp|Inkutitut|Itchalnu}}: ''katiqsuqsimajut''). After all the Itchalnu have been settled into settlements, which was expected to take a six year period between 1954 and 1960, settlements that were deemed to be "prohibitively expensive" for the Surrowese government to provide services to would be declared unsustainable, and residents would be encouraged to move to sustainable settlements, which the government defined as a settlement with more than 150-200 people.<br />
<br />
The purpose of consolidation was to "avoid the mistakes of early settlement of Surrow" where the number of outports had proliferated, "through consolidating the number of settlements from thirty-six settlements to a more manageable number." Consolidation would also "ensure that when these improvement districts become counties, these settlements will be better able to remain sustainable in not just the final quarter of this century, but throughout the next century."<br />
<br />
===Personal integration===<br />
The fourth key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''personal integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''imminnuungajut ilaliujjiniq''), which would involve heavy investment into education, through the establishment of government-run schools that would replace the [[Perendism|Perendist]] mission schools, and through the establishment of {{wp|adult education}} programs targeting the Itchalnu.<br />
<br />
Ted Fisher said that "if we want the Natives on Great Island to become as Surrowese as the Tyrnican in [[Tuckamore County]] or the Rythenean in [[Disappointment County]], the government must take over education from the Perendist missionaries so that the Natives may learn how to live in the Surrow of today." The curriculum for the government-run schools would involve teaching the "values and mores of the body politic" and practical skills that were needed in "modern Surrowese society," such as literacy in {{wp|English language|Rythenean}}, mathematics, and science, so that when they graduated, they would become "fully integrated into Surrowese society."<br />
<br />
Adult education would focus on teaching Itchalnu both the values and mores of the broader Surrowese culture and practical skills so that they would "become a productive part of the modern Surrowese workforce" and allow them to have the skills needed to "function in today's Surrow, rather than the Surrow of yesterday." This would include teaching them Rythenean so that they could fully participate in society.<br />
<br />
Other parts of personal integration included imposing regulations on housing, with houses in the fourteen settlements being designed to be more like houses in Surrowese outports "to promote assimilation into the body politic"; a crackdown on traditional hunting and fishing practices that would "cause the Natives on Great Island to abandon civilisation," and restricting the number of dogs they could own to a "manageable number."<br />
<br />
===Political integration===<br />
The fifth and final key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''political integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''gavamalirinirmut ilaliujjiniq''). Due to [[Northland County]]'s lack of ability to exert control over Great Island, the county was to be abolished and divided into three [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]], which would have power over day-to-day operations of trial courts and determining whether a given settlement was sustainable or unsustainable. Each district would receive one member of [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]] from the [[Elections of Surrow#1954|1954 election]] onward.<br />
<br />
The improvement districts were planned to last for a minimum of twenty-one years from when the bill went into effect, with the ''Northern Integration Act'' saying that if any of the improvement districts reached a population over 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the relevant district(s) would be "considered fully integrated and should be given county status no later than 1 April, 1975, with all the responsibilities thereof." Government officials from the early 1950s expected that both the [[Central Improvement District]] and [[Iqittiniq District|Southern Improvement District]] would become counties by 1975, while it was expected that the [[Ukiuqtaqtuq District|Northern Improvement District]] "will never reach the population threshold to become a county."<br />
<br />
==Implementation==<br />
===Registration, settlement and consolidation===<br />
Following the passage of the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'', the Surrowese government began immediately on registering the Itchalnu population living outside the settlements, even before the act went into effect. By 1956, the Ministry of Northern Integration "successfully registered every native who did not previously reside in any settlement," with 4,983 Itchalnu registered as part of the first component of the Northern Integration Scheme.<br />
<br />
In 1953, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme began to be implemented, with the fourteen settlements outlined in the Northern Integration Scheme beginning to be constructed. The houses built in the fourteen settlements proved to be ill-suited to the local climate, partially due to the houses being {{wp|prefabricated housing}} that were built as cheaply as possible in order to settle the Itchalnu into the settlements as quickly as possible, and because of the architecture of the Surrowese-style houses was perceived by the Itchalnu to be ill-suited to the Breuvician climate on Great Island. In addition, the stores established in the settlements sold imported low-quality [[Albrennia|Albrennian]] food at what [[Charles Acklack]] said was "extortionate prices," with prices being "at least three times as high as in Holcot Inlet, and six times as in [[Sherborn]].<br />
<br />
These factors, in addition to fears among the Itchalnu that they would lose their culture, meant that while the number of refusants only comprised 5%-10% of those who were resettled in 1953 and 1954, by 1959 and 1960, the proportion of refusants grew to around 60%-70% of those resettled in both of those years. Despite the proportion of refusants who wound up being forcefully resettled, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme was completed by 1960, with the Ministry of Northern Integration reporting that of the 5,219 registered people, 3,243 "voluntarily moved to settlements," while 1,976 refusants were relocated, either to Tulaktarvik, Port Lochlan, or Holcot Inlet.<br />
<br />
In 1960, the third component of the Northern Integration Scheme began, with two settlements in the Southern Improvement District being declared unsustainable. From the 1960s until the mid-1980s, all of the fourteen settlements built under the scheme, in addition to eighteen of the twenty-two settlements built prior to the scheme's inception were declared unsustainable, and residents of those settlements were encouraged to move to a sustainable settlement by closing schools, clinics, stores, and community centres in those settlements and refusing to provide more than basic emergency services to unsustainable settlement. Although the Surrowese government expected that most of those in the unsustainable settlements would "funnel down to the administrative centres of the improvement districts," most would move to Tulaktarvik due to economic opportunities.<br />
<br />
===Integration===<br />
*heavy investment into education programs to try and assimilate the Itchalnu population, mass slaughter of dogs to keep Itchalnu from hunting under the guise of "managing the pet population"<br />
*Central Improvement District grows quite a lot, Southern Improvement District doesn't grow as quickly as hoped because [[Tulaktarvik]] is growing so damn rapidly, CID becomes a county in 1975<br />
<br />
(TBC)<br />
<br />
==End of the program==<br />
<br />
==Legacy==</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Luziyca/Sandbox3&diff=750943User:Luziyca/Sandbox32024-01-10T00:04:41Z<p>Luziyca: /* Registration */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Northern Integration Scheme''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''Ukiuqtaqtumi ilaliujjiniq'') was a [[Surrow|Surrowese government]] program that lasted from 1953 until 1977. Instituted by [[President of Surrow|President]] [[Ted Fisher]], the Northern Integration Scheme's stated aims were to "assert Surrowese sovereignty" over [[Great Island]] and to "integrate the {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}} into the body politic."<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
[[File:Native_camp,_Pangnirtung,_Baffin_Island,_N.W.T.,_August_1931..jpg|250px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu camp near [[Port Lochlan]], August 1931]]<br />
[[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] has been a part of Surrow from the sixteenth century onward: while [[Northland County]] was created in 1563, it lacked any meaningful control over Great Island, with Northland County's seat being at [[Lombelon Bay]]. The first Auressian settlement on Great Island was only established in [[Port Lochlan]] in 1711 by the [[Rythene|Rytheneans]], but Port Lochlan only served as a seasonal settlement until 1733.<br />
<br />
Following the end of the Eleven Years War in 1759, the number of {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island increased, although the total Auressian population on the islands were less than 100 people during the summer months, and around 20 during the winter, mostly in Port Lochlan by 1800. In 1823, an official from [[Holcot Inlet]] reported that "outside of the nineteen outports, which depend both on the treacherous seas that we back on [[Holcot Island]] or even [[Kikik Island]] can only fear and on the generosity of the Itchalnu, there is no effective presence on the island."<br />
<br />
However, efforts to try and assert Rythenean control over the island during the nineteenth century were hampered due to the geography of Great Island, the harsh environment, and costs, which made it very difficult for permanent settlements to be established on the island. However, Kikik Island would be carved out of Northland County in 1869, with the county seat being subsequently moved to Port Lochlan.<br />
<br />
By 1901, the total population of the island according to the Surrowese census was 519 people scattered across twenty settlements, although the enumerators noted that "they were unable to fully count the natives outside of the settlements," and that if they did, "the real population of the island would be twice or thrice as high as it appears on the census."<br />
<br />
With the outbreak of the [[First Great War (Levilion)|First Great War]], fears that [[Tyrnica]] may try to attack Great Island led to the Surrowese government beginning to draft plans for "reinforcing the island and asserting Rythenean sovereignty over the island," with these plans including "establishing settlements for the natives to gravitate themselves towards." These plans would only begin to be implemented in 1915 after Surrow was granted self-government, with the first settlement under that plan being established in 1923 at [[Tuktooit Inlet]] in what is now [[Stoney County]], and followed by the establishment of [[Arvittiavak]] in 1931, with the intention of providing services to the northern Itchalnu populations, such as a school run by [[Perendism|Perendist]] missionaries and a general store that supplied imported goods from Holcot Island.<br />
<br />
However, these settlements, although modestly successful at attracting some Itchalnu to settle there, did not attract the hoped-for population growth, with the population of both settlements in 1931 being around 27 people who permanently lived in the settlements. This led to newly-elected [[Prime Minister of Surrow|Prime Minister]] [[Ted Fisher]] concluding in 1936 that "all the carrots in the world cannot entice the Natives on Great Island to give up on their way of life," and for Ted Fisher to begin planning the scheme.<br />
<br />
==Planning==<br />
In 1942, Ted Fisher's government released a {{wp|white paper}} on the state of Northland County and its "complete inability to exert control outside of the string of outports that line its coast." The white paper suggested that Northland County was "inviable" due to it covering "the entire breadth of Great Island" despite its population "only comprising of 650 people who live inside the law, and around five thousand Natives who live outside the laws of Surrow," and proposed abolishing the county in favour of [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]] that "would better manage those who live in the outports and in the interior than a county."<br />
<br />
However, the ongoing [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]] caused Ted Fisher's government to take little action on the report. Following the war's end in 1943, the Surrowese government began to conduct surveys in Northland County to document the local Itchalnu population and their annual migration patterns, to determine the best sites for new settlements, and to investigate the county government to determine any deficiencies that the existing county had. However, growing calls for Surrowese independence and the government's focus on negotiating with Rythene for full independence meant that these surveys would only be completed by 1951.<br />
<br />
That year, {{wp|palladium}} was discovered near [[Tulaktarvik|Stoney Harbour]] (present-day [[Tulaktarvik]]) by [[General Armaments]]. This added a greater sense of urgency, as Ted Fisher feared that the "presence of such abundant wealth" and Surrow's lack of effective control over most of Great Island would allow for other countries to establish settlements under the guise of {{wp|terra nullius}}.<br />
<br />
In response to the perceived threat, Ted Fisher would draft the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'' in 1952. The {{wp|omnibus bill}} divided Northland County into three improvement districts, pursuant to the 1942 white paper, which had different powers to [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Counties|counties]], and outlined the components of the [[#Program|Northern Integration Scheme]] in order to ensure that "Surrow can demonstrate its sovereignty over the entire Surrowese archipelago, including Great Island." While this legislation was opposed by [[Wes Anderson]], who left the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] to create the [[Northern Party (1949)|Northern Party]] to advocate for maintaining the status quo, the UPP majority was able to pass the bill into law, with the bill coming into effect on 1 April, 1953.<br />
<br />
==Program==<br />
===Registration===<br />
[[File:Man_registered_at_Port_Hentze.jpg|200px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu man being registered at [[Port Hentze]], 1953]]<br />
The first key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''registration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''atiliurvik''). This would register all the Itchalnu who "lived outside the {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island" as a {{wp|disc number|registration number}} ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''ujamiit''), with each number comprised of a letter corresponding to an improvement district, followed by a two digit number indicating the nearest settlement, followed by a three digit number identifying the individual (e.g. [[Central Improvement District|C]]01-043). These registration numbers were required to be displayed at all times by all Itchalnu assigned these numbers, with the Surrowese government providing discs that displayed their registration number to each person.<br />
<br />
As [[#Settlement|settlement]] progressed, Itchalnu who moved to the settlements and who previously had registration numbers were given Auressian-style names. In most circumstances, first names were based off of school records, while in cases where an Itchalnu person had never attended a school, they were assigned an Auressian-style forename by a bureaucrat. As Itchalnu never had surnames, some bureaucrats assigned Itchalnu Auressian-style surnames, while other bureaucrats would assign Itchalnu names that were rooted in the Itchalnu language. This process of assigning registration numbers was planned to take a period of three to four years, with the Auressian-style names to be given "as the Itchalnu continue to be integrated into the body politic" to replace their registration number.<br />
<br />
===Settlement===<br />
[[File:Settlement_at_Berentson_Harbour_1954.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Itchalnu family being allocated a home in [[Berentson Harbour]], 1954]]<br />
The second key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''settlement''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''nunaliit''). All Itchalnu who had been registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme would be encouraged to move to permanent settlements on the coasts of Great Island, with these settlements being designed to resemble {{wp|Newfoundland outports|Surrowese outports}} on [[Holcot Island]] and [[Kikik Island]]. The Itchalnu would be promised government benefits, better food than what they were able to acquire if they continued to live on the land, and better housing. <br />
<br />
After a one year grace period, if an Itchalnu who was registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme refused to move to a settlement, the Surrowese government would warn "refusants" that if they continued to refuse to move a settlement, they would have their children taken away from them, their dogs would be slaughtered so that they would not be able to continue living a nomadic existence, and they may be charged with trespassing on state land. After another one year grace period, those deemed refusants would be arrested by an officer from the [[Surrowese Constabulary]], their children taken away from them, and their dogs slaughtered, and transported to a settlement that the arresting officer decided upon.<br />
<br />
As part of the Northern Integration Scheme, in addition to the twenty-two settlements which existed prior to the Northern Integration Scheme, fourteen more were to be established in order to ensure that Itchalnu can "continue to live close to their ancestral lands as they begin to be integrated into the body politic." These settlements were expected to be built between 1953 and 1960, with four to be built in the Northern Improvement District, seven to be built in the Central Improvement District, and three in the Southern Improvement District.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation===<br />
The third key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''consolidation''' ({{wp|Inkutitut|Itchalnu}}: ''katiqsuqsimajut''). After all the Itchalnu have been settled into settlements, which was expected to take a six year period between 1954 and 1960, settlements that were deemed to be "prohibitively expensive" for the Surrowese government to provide services to would be declared unsustainable, and residents would be encouraged to move to sustainable settlements, which the government defined as a settlement with more than 150-200 people.<br />
<br />
The purpose of consolidation was to "avoid the mistakes of early settlement of Surrow" where the number of outports had proliferated, "through consolidating the number of settlements from thirty-six settlements to a more manageable number." Consolidation would also "ensure that when these improvement districts become counties, these settlements will be better able to remain sustainable in not just the final quarter of this century, but throughout the next century."<br />
<br />
===Personal integration===<br />
The fourth key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''personal integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''imminnuungajut ilaliujjiniq''), which would involve heavy investment into education, through the establishment of government-run schools that would replace the [[Perendism|Perendist]] mission schools, and through the establishment of {{wp|adult education}} programs targeting the Itchalnu.<br />
<br />
Ted Fisher said that "if we want the Natives on Great Island to become as Surrowese as the Tyrnican in [[Tuckamore County]] or the Rythenean in [[Disappointment County]], the government must take over education from the Perendist missionaries so that the Natives may learn how to live in the Surrow of today." The curriculum for the government-run schools would involve teaching the "values and mores of the body politic" and practical skills that were needed in "modern Surrowese society," such as literacy in {{wp|English language|Rythenean}}, mathematics, and science, so that when they graduated, they would become "fully integrated into Surrowese society."<br />
<br />
Adult education would focus on teaching Itchalnu both the values and mores of the broader Surrowese culture and practical skills so that they would "become a productive part of the modern Surrowese workforce" and allow them to have the skills needed to "function in today's Surrow, rather than the Surrow of yesterday." This would include teaching them Rythenean so that they could fully participate in society.<br />
<br />
Other parts of personal integration included imposing regulations on housing, with houses in the fourteen settlements being designed to be more like houses in Surrowese outports "to promote assimilation into the body politic"; a crackdown on traditional hunting and fishing practices that would "cause the Natives on Great Island to abandon civilisation," and restricting the number of dogs they could own to a "manageable number."<br />
<br />
===Political integration===<br />
The fifth and final key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''political integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''gavamalirinirmut ilaliujjiniq''). Due to [[Northland County]]'s lack of ability to exert control over Great Island, the county was to be abolished and divided into three [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]], which would have power over day-to-day operations of trial courts and determining whether a given settlement was sustainable or unsustainable. Each district would receive one member of [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]] from the [[Elections of Surrow#1954|1954 election]] onward.<br />
<br />
The improvement districts were planned to last for a minimum of twenty-one years from when the bill went into effect, with the ''Northern Integration Act'' saying that if any of the improvement districts reached a population over 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the relevant district(s) would be "considered fully integrated and should be given county status no later than 1 April, 1975, with all the responsibilities thereof." Government officials from the early 1950s expected that both the [[Central Improvement District]] and [[Iqittiniq District|Southern Improvement District]] would become counties by 1975, while it was expected that the [[Ukiuqtaqtuq District|Northern Improvement District]] "will never reach the population threshold to become a county."<br />
<br />
==Implementation==<br />
===Registration, settlement and consolidation===<br />
Following the passage of the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'', the Surrowese government began immediately on registering the Itchalnu population living outside the settlements, even before the act went into effect. By 1956, the Ministry of Northern Integration "successfully registered every native who did not previously reside in any settlement," with 4,983 Itchalnu registered as part of the first component of the Northern Integration Scheme.<br />
<br />
In 1953, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme began to be implemented, with the fourteen settlements outlined in the Northern Integration Scheme beginning to be constructed. The houses built in the fourteen settlements proved to be ill-suited to the local climate, partially due to the houses being {{wp|prefabricated housing}} that were built as cheaply as possible in order to settle the Itchalnu into the settlements as quickly as possible, and because of the architecture of the Surrowese-style houses was perceived by the Itchalnu to be ill-suited to the Breuvician climate on Great Island. In addition, the stores established in the settlements sold imported low-quality [[Albrennia|Albrennian]] food at what [[Charles Acklack]] said was "extortionate prices," with prices being "at least three times as high as in Holcot Inlet, and six times as in [[Sherborn]].<br />
<br />
These factors, in addition to fears among the Itchalnu that they would lose their culture, meant that while the number of refusants only comprised 5%-10% of those who were resettled in 1953 and 1954, by 1959 and 1960, the proportion of refusants grew to around 60%-70% of those resettled in both of those years. Despite the proportion of refusants who wound up being forcefully resettled, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme was completed by 1960, with the Ministry of Northern Integration reporting that of the 5,219 registered people, 3,243 "voluntarily moved to settlements," while 1,976 refusants were relocated, either to Tulaktarvik, Port Lochlan, or Holcot Inlet.<br />
<br />
In 1960, the third component of the Northern Integration Scheme began, with two settlements in the Southern Improvement District being declared unsustainable. From the 1960s until the mid-1980s, all of the fourteen settlements built under the scheme, in addition to eighteen of the twenty-two settlements built prior to the scheme's inception were declared unsustainable, and residents of those settlements were encouraged to move to a sustainable settlement by closing schools, clinics, stores, and community centres in those settlements and refusing to provide more than basic emergency services to unsustainable settlement. Although the Surrowese government expected that most of those in the unsustainable settlements would "funnel down to the administrative centres of the improvement districts," most would move to Tulaktarvik due to economic opportunities.<br />
<br />
===Integration===<br />
*heavy investment into education programs to try and assimilate the Itchalnu population, mass slaughter of dogs to keep Itchalnu from hunting under the guise of "managing the pet population"<br />
*Central Improvement District grows quite a lot, Southern Improvement District doesn't grow as quickly as hoped because [[Tulaktarvik]] is growing so damn rapidly, CID becomes a county in 1975<br />
<br />
(TBC)<br />
<br />
==End of the program==<br />
<br />
==Legacy==</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=User:Luziyca/Sandbox3&diff=750942User:Luziyca/Sandbox32024-01-10T00:03:53Z<p>Luziyca: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Northern Integration Scheme''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''Ukiuqtaqtumi ilaliujjiniq'') was a [[Surrow|Surrowese government]] program that lasted from 1953 until 1977. Instituted by [[President of Surrow|President]] [[Ted Fisher]], the Northern Integration Scheme's stated aims were to "assert Surrowese sovereignty" over [[Great Island]] and to "integrate the {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}} into the body politic."<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
[[File:Native_camp,_Pangnirtung,_Baffin_Island,_N.W.T.,_August_1931..jpg|250px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu camp near [[Port Lochlan]], August 1931]]<br />
[[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] has been a part of Surrow from the sixteenth century onward: while [[Northland County]] was created in 1563, it lacked any meaningful control over Great Island, with Northland County's seat being at [[Lombelon Bay]]. The first Auressian settlement on Great Island was only established in [[Port Lochlan]] in 1711 by the [[Rythene|Rytheneans]], but Port Lochlan only served as a seasonal settlement until 1733.<br />
<br />
Following the end of the Eleven Years War in 1759, the number of {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island increased, although the total Auressian population on the islands were less than 100 people during the summer months, and around 20 during the winter, mostly in Port Lochlan by 1800. In 1823, an official from [[Holcot Inlet]] reported that "outside of the nineteen outports, which depend both on the treacherous seas that we back on [[Holcot Island]] or even [[Kikik Island]] can only fear and on the generosity of the Itchalnu, there is no effective presence on the island."<br />
<br />
However, efforts to try and assert Rythenean control over the island during the nineteenth century were hampered due to the geography of Great Island, the harsh environment, and costs, which made it very difficult for permanent settlements to be established on the island. However, Kikik Island would be carved out of Northland County in 1869, with the county seat being subsequently moved to Port Lochlan.<br />
<br />
By 1901, the total population of the island according to the Surrowese census was 519 people scattered across twenty settlements, although the enumerators noted that "they were unable to fully count the natives outside of the settlements," and that if they did, "the real population of the island would be twice or thrice as high as it appears on the census."<br />
<br />
With the outbreak of the [[First Great War (Levilion)|First Great War]], fears that [[Tyrnica]] may try to attack Great Island led to the Surrowese government beginning to draft plans for "reinforcing the island and asserting Rythenean sovereignty over the island," with these plans including "establishing settlements for the natives to gravitate themselves towards." These plans would only begin to be implemented in 1915 after Surrow was granted self-government, with the first settlement under that plan being established in 1923 at [[Tuktooit Inlet]] in what is now [[Stoney County]], and followed by the establishment of [[Arvittiavak]] in 1931, with the intention of providing services to the northern Itchalnu populations, such as a school run by [[Perendism|Perendist]] missionaries and a general store that supplied imported goods from Holcot Island.<br />
<br />
However, these settlements, although modestly successful at attracting some Itchalnu to settle there, did not attract the hoped-for population growth, with the population of both settlements in 1931 being around 27 people who permanently lived in the settlements. This led to newly-elected [[Prime Minister of Surrow|Prime Minister]] [[Ted Fisher]] concluding in 1936 that "all the carrots in the world cannot entice the Natives on Great Island to give up on their way of life," and for Ted Fisher to begin planning the scheme.<br />
<br />
==Planning==<br />
In 1942, Ted Fisher's government released a {{wp|white paper}} on the state of Northland County and its "complete inability to exert control outside of the string of outports that line its coast." The white paper suggested that Northland County was "inviable" due to it covering "the entire breadth of Great Island" despite its population "only comprising of 650 people who live inside the law, and around five thousand Natives who live outside the laws of Surrow," and proposed abolishing the county in favour of [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]] that "would better manage those who live in the outports and in the interior than a county."<br />
<br />
However, the ongoing [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]] caused Ted Fisher's government to take little action on the report. Following the war's end in 1943, the Surrowese government began to conduct surveys in Northland County to document the local Itchalnu population and their annual migration patterns, to determine the best sites for new settlements, and to investigate the county government to determine any deficiencies that the existing county had. However, growing calls for Surrowese independence and the government's focus on negotiating with Rythene for full independence meant that these surveys would only be completed by 1951.<br />
<br />
That year, {{wp|palladium}} was discovered near [[Tulaktarvik|Stoney Harbour]] (present-day [[Tulaktarvik]]) by [[General Armaments]]. This added a greater sense of urgency, as Ted Fisher feared that the "presence of such abundant wealth" and Surrow's lack of effective control over most of Great Island would allow for other countries to establish settlements under the guise of {{wp|terra nullius}}.<br />
<br />
In response to the perceived threat, Ted Fisher would draft the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'' in 1952. The {{wp|omnibus bill}} divided Northland County into three improvement districts, pursuant to the 1942 white paper, which had different powers to [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Counties|counties]], and outlined the components of the [[#Program|Northern Integration Scheme]] in order to ensure that "Surrow can demonstrate its sovereignty over the entire Surrowese archipelago, including Great Island." While this legislation was opposed by [[Wes Anderson]], who left the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] to create the [[Northern Party (1949)|Northern Party]] to advocate for maintaining the status quo, the UPP majority was able to pass the bill into law, with the bill coming into effect on 1 April, 1953.<br />
<br />
==Program==<br />
===Registration===<br />
[[File:Man_registered_at_Port_Hentze.jpg|250px|thumb|left|An Itchalnu man being registered at [[Port Hentze]], 1953]]<br />
The first key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''registration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''atiliurvik''). This would register all the Itchalnu who "lived outside the {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} on Great Island" as a {{wp|disc number|registration number}} ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''ujamiit''), with each number comprised of a letter corresponding to an improvement district, followed by a two digit number indicating the nearest settlement, followed by a three digit number identifying the individual (e.g. [[Central Improvement District|C]]01-043). These registration numbers were required to be displayed at all times by all Itchalnu assigned these numbers, with the Surrowese government providing discs that displayed their registration number to each person.<br />
<br />
As [[#Settlement|settlement]] progressed, Itchalnu who moved to the settlements and who previously had registration numbers were given Auressian-style names. In most circumstances, first names were based off of school records, while in cases where an Itchalnu person had never attended a school, they were assigned an Auressian-style forename by a bureaucrat. As Itchalnu never had surnames, some bureaucrats assigned Itchalnu Auressian-style surnames, while other bureaucrats would assign Itchalnu names that were rooted in the Itchalnu language. This process of assigning registration numbers was planned to take a period of three to four years, with the Auressian-style names to be given "as the Itchalnu continue to be integrated into the body politic."<br />
<br />
===Settlement===<br />
[[File:Settlement_at_Berentson_Harbour_1954.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Itchalnu family being allocated a home in [[Berentson Harbour]], 1954]]<br />
The second key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''settlement''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''nunaliit''). All Itchalnu who had been registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme would be encouraged to move to permanent settlements on the coasts of Great Island, with these settlements being designed to resemble {{wp|Newfoundland outports|Surrowese outports}} on [[Holcot Island]] and [[Kikik Island]]. The Itchalnu would be promised government benefits, better food than what they were able to acquire if they continued to live on the land, and better housing. <br />
<br />
After a one year grace period, if an Itchalnu who was registered under the first phase of the Northern Integration Scheme refused to move to a settlement, the Surrowese government would warn "refusants" that if they continued to refuse to move a settlement, they would have their children taken away from them, their dogs would be slaughtered so that they would not be able to continue living a nomadic existence, and they may be charged with trespassing on state land. After another one year grace period, those deemed refusants would be arrested by an officer from the [[Surrowese Constabulary]], their children taken away from them, and their dogs slaughtered, and transported to a settlement that the arresting officer decided upon.<br />
<br />
As part of the Northern Integration Scheme, in addition to the twenty-two settlements which existed prior to the Northern Integration Scheme, fourteen more were to be established in order to ensure that Itchalnu can "continue to live close to their ancestral lands as they begin to be integrated into the body politic." These settlements were expected to be built between 1953 and 1960, with four to be built in the Northern Improvement District, seven to be built in the Central Improvement District, and three in the Southern Improvement District.<br />
<br />
===Consolidation===<br />
The third key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''consolidation''' ({{wp|Inkutitut|Itchalnu}}: ''katiqsuqsimajut''). After all the Itchalnu have been settled into settlements, which was expected to take a six year period between 1954 and 1960, settlements that were deemed to be "prohibitively expensive" for the Surrowese government to provide services to would be declared unsustainable, and residents would be encouraged to move to sustainable settlements, which the government defined as a settlement with more than 150-200 people.<br />
<br />
The purpose of consolidation was to "avoid the mistakes of early settlement of Surrow" where the number of outports had proliferated, "through consolidating the number of settlements from thirty-six settlements to a more manageable number." Consolidation would also "ensure that when these improvement districts become counties, these settlements will be better able to remain sustainable in not just the final quarter of this century, but throughout the next century."<br />
<br />
===Personal integration===<br />
The fourth key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''personal integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''imminnuungajut ilaliujjiniq''), which would involve heavy investment into education, through the establishment of government-run schools that would replace the [[Perendism|Perendist]] mission schools, and through the establishment of {{wp|adult education}} programs targeting the Itchalnu.<br />
<br />
Ted Fisher said that "if we want the Natives on Great Island to become as Surrowese as the Tyrnican in [[Tuckamore County]] or the Rythenean in [[Disappointment County]], the government must take over education from the Perendist missionaries so that the Natives may learn how to live in the Surrow of today." The curriculum for the government-run schools would involve teaching the "values and mores of the body politic" and practical skills that were needed in "modern Surrowese society," such as literacy in {{wp|English language|Rythenean}}, mathematics, and science, so that when they graduated, they would become "fully integrated into Surrowese society."<br />
<br />
Adult education would focus on teaching Itchalnu both the values and mores of the broader Surrowese culture and practical skills so that they would "become a productive part of the modern Surrowese workforce" and allow them to have the skills needed to "function in today's Surrow, rather than the Surrow of yesterday." This would include teaching them Rythenean so that they could fully participate in society.<br />
<br />
Other parts of personal integration included imposing regulations on housing, with houses in the fourteen settlements being designed to be more like houses in Surrowese outports "to promote assimilation into the body politic"; a crackdown on traditional hunting and fishing practices that would "cause the Natives on Great Island to abandon civilisation," and restricting the number of dogs they could own to a "manageable number."<br />
<br />
===Political integration===<br />
The fifth and final key component of the Northern Integration Scheme was '''political integration''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''gavamalirinirmut ilaliujjiniq''). Due to [[Northland County]]'s lack of ability to exert control over Great Island, the county was to be abolished and divided into three [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|improvement districts]], which would have power over day-to-day operations of trial courts and determining whether a given settlement was sustainable or unsustainable. Each district would receive one member of [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]] from the [[Elections of Surrow#1954|1954 election]] onward.<br />
<br />
The improvement districts were planned to last for a minimum of twenty-one years from when the bill went into effect, with the ''Northern Integration Act'' saying that if any of the improvement districts reached a population over 5,000 people by the 1971 census, the relevant district(s) would be "considered fully integrated and should be given county status no later than 1 April, 1975, with all the responsibilities thereof." Government officials from the early 1950s expected that both the [[Central Improvement District]] and [[Iqittiniq District|Southern Improvement District]] would become counties by 1975, while it was expected that the [[Ukiuqtaqtuq District|Northern Improvement District]] "will never reach the population threshold to become a county."<br />
<br />
==Implementation==<br />
===Registration, settlement and consolidation===<br />
Following the passage of the ''[[Northern Integration Act]]'', the Surrowese government began immediately on registering the Itchalnu population living outside the settlements, even before the act went into effect. By 1956, the Ministry of Northern Integration "successfully registered every native who did not previously reside in any settlement," with 4,983 Itchalnu registered as part of the first component of the Northern Integration Scheme.<br />
<br />
In 1953, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme began to be implemented, with the fourteen settlements outlined in the Northern Integration Scheme beginning to be constructed. The houses built in the fourteen settlements proved to be ill-suited to the local climate, partially due to the houses being {{wp|prefabricated housing}} that were built as cheaply as possible in order to settle the Itchalnu into the settlements as quickly as possible, and because of the architecture of the Surrowese-style houses was perceived by the Itchalnu to be ill-suited to the Breuvician climate on Great Island. In addition, the stores established in the settlements sold imported low-quality [[Albrennia|Albrennian]] food at what [[Charles Acklack]] said was "extortionate prices," with prices being "at least three times as high as in Holcot Inlet, and six times as in [[Sherborn]].<br />
<br />
These factors, in addition to fears among the Itchalnu that they would lose their culture, meant that while the number of refusants only comprised 5%-10% of those who were resettled in 1953 and 1954, by 1959 and 1960, the proportion of refusants grew to around 60%-70% of those resettled in both of those years. Despite the proportion of refusants who wound up being forcefully resettled, the second component of the Northern Integration Scheme was completed by 1960, with the Ministry of Northern Integration reporting that of the 5,219 registered people, 3,243 "voluntarily moved to settlements," while 1,976 refusants were relocated, either to Tulaktarvik, Port Lochlan, or Holcot Inlet.<br />
<br />
In 1960, the third component of the Northern Integration Scheme began, with two settlements in the Southern Improvement District being declared unsustainable. From the 1960s until the mid-1980s, all of the fourteen settlements built under the scheme, in addition to eighteen of the twenty-two settlements built prior to the scheme's inception were declared unsustainable, and residents of those settlements were encouraged to move to a sustainable settlement by closing schools, clinics, stores, and community centres in those settlements and refusing to provide more than basic emergency services to unsustainable settlement. Although the Surrowese government expected that most of those in the unsustainable settlements would "funnel down to the administrative centres of the improvement districts," most would move to Tulaktarvik due to economic opportunities.<br />
<br />
===Integration===<br />
*heavy investment into education programs to try and assimilate the Itchalnu population, mass slaughter of dogs to keep Itchalnu from hunting under the guise of "managing the pet population"<br />
*Central Improvement District grows quite a lot, Southern Improvement District doesn't grow as quickly as hoped because [[Tulaktarvik]] is growing so damn rapidly, CID becomes a county in 1975<br />
<br />
(TBC)<br />
<br />
==End of the program==<br />
<br />
==Legacy==</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Man_registered_at_Port_Hentze.jpg&diff=750941File:Man registered at Port Hentze.jpg2024-01-10T00:01:40Z<p>Luziyca: Edited from <nowiki>https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/b6df5d00-03e8-4453-8f23-a72b2c83c633.jpg</nowiki></p>
<hr />
<div>== Summary ==<br />
Edited from <nowiki>https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/b6df5d00-03e8-4453-8f23-a72b2c83c633.jpg</nowiki></div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Settlement_at_Berentson_Harbour_1954.jpg&diff=750938File:Settlement at Berentson Harbour 1954.jpg2024-01-09T23:55:01Z<p>Luziyca: Edited from <nowiki>https://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ea7XEkIBM7k/TGwblZoDnqI/AAAAAAAAAVc/ZulUr93wQKc/s1600/rcmp.jpg</nowiki></p>
<hr />
<div>== Summary ==<br />
Edited from <nowiki>https://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ea7XEkIBM7k/TGwblZoDnqI/AAAAAAAAAVc/ZulUr93wQKc/s1600/rcmp.jpg</nowiki></div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Dunhelm_Island&diff=750371Dunhelm Island2024-01-08T20:34:42Z<p>Luziyca: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{under construction}}<br />
{{Infobox disputed islands<br />
| name = Dunhelm Island<br />
| image name = Nevis_Aerial.jpg<br />
| image caption = Dunhelm Island from the east<br />
| image size = 300px<br />
| locator map = [[File:IdR Map.png|300px]]<br />
| map_custom = <br />
| native name = Duneler <small>([[Imaguan Creole]])</small><br>Isola di Sant'Osorio <small>({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}})</small><br />
| native name link = <br />
| other_names = <br />
| location = [[Arucian Sea]]<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| archipelago = <br />
| total islands = <br />
| major islands = <br />
| area = 192.91 km²<br />
| length =<br />
| width =<br />
| coastline =<br />
| highest mount = King's Peak<br />
| elevation = 625 m<br />
| country claim = {{flag|Bonaventure}}<br />
| country claim divisions title = State<br />
| country claim divisions = [[State of San Giorgio (Bonaventure)|San Giorgio]]<br />
| country = {{flag|Imagua and the Assimas}}<br />
| country admin divisions title = County<br />
| country admin divisions = [[Saint Isidore's County|Saint Isidore's]]<br />
| population = 11,330<br />
| population as of = 2021<br />
| density = <br />
| ethnic groups = <br />
| additional info =<br />
}}<br />
'''Dunhelm Island''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Isola Dunelm'', [[Western Imaguan Creole]]: ''Duneler''), also known as '''Saint Osorius' Island''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Isola di Sant'Osorio'') is an island located in the [[Arucian Sea]], situated 22.4 kilometers away from the [[Imagua (island)|island of Imagua]], and just over 100 kilometers from the island of [[Bonaventure]]. Disputed between Bonaventure and [[Imagua and the Assimas]], it has been under Imaguan control since 1946 after being seized from the [[Greater Solarian Republic]] during the [[Solarian War]].<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The officially used name '''Dunhelm Island''' comes from the city of [[Duinhelm]] in [[Borland]], which had been under {{wp|personal union}} with [[Estmere]] at the time the island was discovered by Eucleans in 1549, although the island only ended up under Estmerish control in 1771.<br />
<br />
The name used by [[Bonaventura]], '''Saint Osorius' Island''' (''Isola di Sant'Osorio''), derives from [[Saint Osorius]], as the island was discovered by [[Cárthach Ó Ruanaidh]] on the feast day of Saint Osorius in 1549.<br />
<br />
Besides these two names, older names for the island include '''Caike''', which originates from {{wp|Taino language|Nati}} ''caike'', meaning "small island" (''cai'' and ''(e)ke'' respectively), and '''Mabegiti pa'wu''', meaning ''worthless island'' in {{wp|Island Carib|Old Imaguan}} (compare ''Mabegiti ubouhu'' in {{wp|Garifuna|Imaguan}}).<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Pre-colonization===<br />
Humans first settled Dunhelm Island around 6,000 years {{wp|before present}}, at roughly the same time as the rest of the Imaguan archipelago, with the earliest artefacts dating back to between 5,000 and 6,000 years before present. Settlement was not always continuous, with the island being abandoned and repopulated several times between 5,000 BP and the 1500s.<br />
<br />
The earliest known people to settle Dunhelm Island were {{wp|Taino people|Nati peoples}}, having taken over the island around 150 BCE, and immediately dominated the island. From around the 200s CE onward, the Nati on Dunhelm Island would come under the rule of [[Marai peoples|Marai]], although the small size of Dunhelm Island meant that Marai presence in the area was largely restricted to trade with Marai settlements on present-day [[Bonaventura]] and Imagua, as well with the mother cities on Satucin.<br />
<br />
After the collapse of the classical Marai city states, and the arrival of the [[Mutu people|Mutu people]] on Imagua around the 700s CE, Dunhelm Island would receive a number of Nati refugees, although the island's small size meant that compared to [[Sainte-Chloe]], Dunhelm Island's population remained at carrying capacity. However, by the 1400s, the Mutu began to arrive on the island<br />
<br />
At the time the island was first sighted, it was estimated that there were around three thousand Nati living on Dunhelm, with [[Native Imaguan people|Native Imaguans]] beginning to establish a foothold on Dunhelm Island, with archaeological evidence documenting conflict on the site of present-day [[Adoroni]] and [[Fiori Dorati]] between the Nati and the Native Imaguans.<br />
<br />
===Early colonization===<br />
[[File:Nevis_FrenchSlavetrade.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Depiction of the slave trade on Dunhelm Island, {{circa|1876}}]]<br />
The island was first sighted by [[Caldia|Caldish]] explorer [[Cárthach Ó Ruanaidh]] in 1549, but it was only in 1573 when under [[Blostland|Blostlander]] explorer TBD, he landed on the island and claimed what he called '''Caise''' (from {{wp|Taino language|Nati}} ''Caike'') for Blostland, with the town of [[Lapprodo|Lötvall]] (present-day [[Lapprodo]]) being the primary settlement on the island. During this period, while the island was not as populated as [[Imagua (island)|Imagua]], or the [[Assimas]], the Nati on Dunhelm Island were enslaved, and were so mistreated or otherwise died from disease that by 1650, there were "virtually no natives" left on Dunhelm Island.<br />
<br />
While after the island of Imagua fell, it remained under Blostlander control. However, its lack of utility to the Blostlanders meant that in 1681, the Blostlanders sold Dunhelm Island to TBD, who attempted to establish a colony in TBD. However, after the colony failed, the [[Poveglia|Poveglians]] who were governing Bonaventura as the Colony of [[New Accadia]] took over Dunhelm Island in 1683, and would administer it as part of Bonaventura until 1720, when [[Gaullica|Gaullican]] captain TBD seized the island from Poveglia during the [[Ten Years' War]]. During Bonaventuran rule, Lötvall's name was changed to Lapprodo, after the harbour it was located on.<br />
<br />
In the aftermath of the Ten Years' War, it became part of the [[Viceroyalty of the New Aurean]], and administered as part of the Theme which it seized from [[Estmere]]. During that period, it was administered as part of the [[Saint Casimir's Islands]], alongside Imagua and the eponymous islands in present-day [[Vilcasuamanas]], with Lapprodo being renamed to be Baie du Nord.<br />
<br />
It would remain under Gaullican control until 1771, when after the [[War of the Asterian Succession]], Estmere took over the island of Imagua, including Dunhelm Island, and incorporated the island into the county of [[Saint Isidore's County|Saint Isidore's]], with Baie du Nord being renamed to Princeton, and a parish established that encompassed the island. However, Estmerish rule over Dunhelm Island was marked by sustained neglect by the colonial government, who saw the island as "just one more rock" that it had to administer. Estmerish neglect meant that in 1789, the Etrurians took control of the island, with Princeton's name being renamed back to Lapprodo, and the island reattached to [[New Accadia]].<br />
<br />
===Etrurian rule===<br />
[[File:Island_of_Nevis.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Depiction of [[Lapprodo]], {{circa|1876}}]]<br />
*Dunhelm Island would be disputed between Estmere and Etruria throughout the late 18th and early to mid 19th century, failed attempts by Estmere to try and retake the island<br />
*peace agreement ending [[Etruro-Estmerish Wars]] declared that Dunhelm Island was part of New Accadia, unclear whether or not it nullified Imaguan claims to the island<br />
*island a quiet part of [[State of San Giorgio (Bonaventure)|San Giorgio]], Nav can fill the rest in<br />
*population probably peaks around 2.5k people in the 1870s, decline as economic opportunities in New Accadia and the Assimas cause people to migrate elsewhere to around a thousand by eve of Great War, but exact numbers are up to Nav<br />
<br />
===Great War and Solarian War===<br />
With the start of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], Dunhelm Island, like most of the [[West Arucian]], was swiftly occupied by [[Gaullica]], as the island was poorly defended: despite fierce resistance from the local garrison, they were quickly forced to surrender. During Gaullican occupation, Lapprodo was once again renamed to Baie du Nord, and the other villages and hamlets were made to adopt {{wp|French language|Gaullican}} names. However, as they were otherwise occupied, Dunhelm Island was generally left alone.<br />
<br />
After the liberation of New Accadia in (whenever Bonaventura got liberated), Dunhelm Island had their names reverted to their original {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}} names. However, it was still a rural backwater: while the population rose to 1,257 people by 1941, of which 419 were living in Lapprodo. In 1942, Lapprodo was granted town status, on account of it being the main commercial centre on the island. <br />
<br />
Following the start of the [[Solarian War]], Dunhelm Island would become a major target for the Imaguan government, due to its geographic position between New Accadia and Imagua proper, in addition to Imagua's historic claims over the island. Thus, in January 1944, the Imaguan colonial militia would land on Dunhelm Island in the [[Battle of Lapprodo]], and occupied the island. Although the island would nominally remain under Etrurian sovereignty until October 1946, following its occupation, the Imaguan government immediately annexed Dunhelm Island, and placed the island under the jurisdiction of [[Saint Isidore's County]].<br />
<br />
===Post-Solarian War and tensions===<br />
[[File:Henryton52.jpg|250px|thumb|left|[[Lapprodo]] in 1952]]<br />
In November 1946, Dunhelm Island, like the [[Assimas Islands]], were officially annexed into the [[United Provinces (Kylaris)|United Provinces]]. With the admission of New Accadia into the federation, the two provinces were in a dispute over Dunhelm Island, alleging that New Accadia should administer the island as it had administered the islands nearly continuously since the late eighteenth century, its demographics were more similar to New Accadia's, and Estmere had yielded its claim to the island in [[TBD treaty]] that ended the [[Etruro-Estmerish Wars]] in 18XX. The Imaguan government based its claim to Dunhelm Island on its 1771 claim, which placed it under the control of [[Saint Isidore's County]], and its geographic distance from Imagua compared to its distance from New Accadia.<br />
<br />
In November 1946, Dunhelm Island was officially granted to the province of Imagua along with the Assimas, after the [[Sotirian Democratic Party (Imagua)|Sotirian Democrats]] threatened to withdraw from their coalition with the [[Democratic Party (Sainte-Chloé)|Democrats]], thereby solidifying the {{wp|de-facto}} situation. As an Etrurophone-speaking area in a predominantly {{wp|English language|Estmerophone}} county, the islanders would find it difficult to receive government services in Vespasian, as despite Imagua's nominal bilingualism, few bureaucrats in the entire country were bilingual in Estmerish and Vespasian, and the few that were were predominantly based in [[Assimas County]].<br />
<br />
In April 1948, Imagua became independent, and Dunhelm Island would become part of an independent Imagua. This affected the local economy as the farms on the island were cut off from its traditional markets on New Accadia, while the lack of an affordable ferry service between Dunhelm Island Imagua proper led to the island being isolated. In the 1951 census, the population of the island was measured to be at 1,309 people, with 1,201 being designated as [[Bahio-Imaguan]], and 108 as belonging to other ethnicities, primarily [[Eucleo-Imaguan]]. The island was "virtually completely Etrurophone" in the 1951 census, leading to a county official declaring that "there needs to be a concerted effort to crack down on the use of Etrurian on the island."<br />
<br />
In 1953, the [[Supreme Court (Imagua and the Assimas)|Imaguan Supreme Court]] declared in ''[[Marinaccio v. Saint Isidore's County]]'' that residents of Dunhelm Island had no right to receive services in Vespasian, as the official languages clause of the [[Constitution of Imagua and the Assimas]] only applied to the national government. This was met with anger in Dunhelm Island, leading to massive protests on the island, and the start of a ferry route operated by the [[Imaguan Maritime Service]] led to concerns that it would allow non-Etrurophones to move to the island and weaken their own community.<br />
<br />
Tensions on the island would grow further following the final dissolution of the United Provinces in 1955 and the independence of New Accadia as [[Bonaventura]], as the [[Royal Imaguan Constabulary]] set up a base for the [[Coast Guard of Imagua]] in Lapprodo in 1956. This led to a dispute between the Bonaventuran and Imaguan governments in the alte 1950s and early 1960s, as the Boanventuran government demanded the withdrawal of ships from the island, while the Imaguan government strengthened its garrison in response. In TBD, the Imaguan government under [[Efrem Lacovara]] agreed with the Bonaventuran government to reduce the amount of constables and Coast Guard personnel and ships on the island to "the minimum required to protect civilians on the island" and to provide all government services on Dunhelm Island in Vespasian, including those provided by the county government.<br />
<br />
===Contemporary era===<br />
*county government was still obstructionist post-treaty: passage of [[Constitution of Imagua and the Assimas#Sixth Amendment (July 1965)|Sixth Amendment]] and ''[[Tricarico v. Saint Isidore's County]]'' in 1970 finally forces Saint Isidore's to provide government services in Vespasian, however grudgingly<br />
*population declines in 60s, 70s, and 80s due to emigration, some to [[Nua Taois]], but primarily to either the Assimas or Bonaventura<br />
*establishment of [[Arucian Cooperation Organization]] in late 1980s and freedom of movement in 2003 means it's now easier to access the island because no customs checks and what not<br />
*dispute still lingers on, but the two governments cooperate<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[File:Nevispeak1.jpg|250px|thumb|left|[[King's Peak]], 2006]]<br />
Dunhelm Island, like the neighbouring [[Imagua (island)|island of Imagua]] and the [[Assimas Islands]], is of volcanic origin, with the highest peak being the 625 metre high [[King's Peak]], an {{wp|extinct volcano}} that last erupted 100,000 years ago. Two streams flow from the summit of Mount Couto to the coast. The only other mountain is the 207 metre high [[Lotwall Hill]] has one stream flow towards [[Formigosa]].<br />
<br />
While the coast is relatively flat, the further inland one goes, the more rugged the terrain is, and the less arable the land becomes, until it becomes too rocky to farm. Historically, the island was covered in rainforest, but with colonisation and the establishment of {{wp|sugar plantations}} on the island, the ecosystem has been radically altered since its first settlement by humans.<br />
<br />
===Climate===<br />
The climate of Dunhelm Island is a {{wp|tropical savanna climate}}, due to its location near the {{wp|equator}}, with the yearly average highs on Dunhelm Island being 26.6 °C (79.9 °F), and the yearly average lows being 23.9 °C (75 °F). The wet season is generally from June to November, while the dry season typically lasts from December to May, although the months of December and May receive more rain than any other month in the dry season.<br />
<br />
==Administration==<br />
According to [[Imagua and the Assimas]], Dunhelm Island is part of [[Saint Isidore's County]], and is governed as '''Dunhelm Parish''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Parrocchia di Dunelm''). It is governed as a six-member council, elected every 4 years, and is headed by a '''Chairman''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Presidente''), elected from among the council.<br />
<br />
Until 1988, Dunhelm Island was divided into two, with [[Lapprodo]] covering the main town of the island, and Dunhelm Parish governing the remainder of the island, but after the ''[[Local Governance Act of 1987]]'' was passed by the [[Parliament of Imagua and the Assimas|Imaguan parliament]], Lapprodo became part of Dunhelm Parish.<br />
<br />
According to [[Bonaventure]], Dunhelm Island is part of [[State of San Giorgio (Bonaventure)|San Giorgio]]. (TBC)<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
As of the 2021 Imaguan census, 11,330 people live on Dunhelm Island.<br />
<br />
According to the census, 92% of the population of Dunhelm Island, or 10,424 people, are [[Bahio-Imaguan people|Bahio-Imaguans]], 5% of the population of Dunhelm Island, or 567 people are [[Eucleo-Imaguan people|Eucleo-Imaguan]], and the remaining 3% of the population, or 339 people belong to other ethnicities. However, it is generally recognized that most of the census-identified Bahio-Imaguans on Dunhelm Island are ''misto'', with around 60%-80% of the Bahio-Imaguan population on Dunhelm Island being ''misto'', with the remainder being solely of Bahian descent.<br />
<br />
Linguistically, Dunhelm Island is predominantly Etrurophone, with 82% of the island's population, or 9,291 people speaking {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}} on a regular basis, while 18% of the island's population, or 2,032 people speaking {{wp|English language|Estmerish}} on a regular basis. Only seven people do not speak either language on a regular basis. The most commonly spoken language on Dunhelm Island is Vespasian. This stands in marked contrast to the rest of [[Saint Isidore's County]], where Estmerish is the primary official language, leading to issues concerning government services by the county government, which usually only provides them in Estmerish.<br />
<br />
Religiously, Dunhelm Island is predominantly [[Solarian Catholic Church|Solarian Catholic]], with 86% of the island's population, or 9,744 people being adherents to the Solarian Catholic Church. Of the remainder of the population, around 13% of the population follow [[Amendism|Amendist]] sects, split roughly evenly between the [[United Amended Church]] and {{wp|Gospelism}}, with 85 people following other religions. Only two people are registered by the census as irreligious.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Geography of Imagua and the Assimas]][[Category:Bonaventure]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=2024_electoral_calendar_(Kylaris)&diff=7491332024 electoral calendar (Kylaris)2024-01-03T23:30:25Z<p>Luziyca: /* April */</p>
<hr />
<div>This is a '''calendar of all national, subnational, and supranational elections''', including {{wp|Referendum|referendums}}, {{wp|Special election|special elections}}, and {{wp|By-election|by-elections}}, scheduled for 2024. <br />
=== January ===<br />
<br />
=== February ===<br />
*13 February: [[Champania]], [[National Congress of Champania|National Congress]], provincial and local governments<br />
<br />
=== March ===<br />
*22 March: [[Imagua and the Assimas]], [[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#Presidential election 20|President]], [[2024 Imaguan parliamentary election|Parliament]], county and local governments<br />
<br />
=== April ===<br />
*5 April: [[Rwizikuru]], [[National Assembly (Rwizikuru)|National Assembly]]<br />
<br />
=== May ===<br />
* TBD: [[Euclean Community]], [[2024 Euclean Parliament election|Parliament]]<br />
<br />
=== June ===<br />
<br />
=== July ===<br />
*30 July: [[Paretia]], [[2024 Paretian General Election|Senate]], assemblies of constituent kingdoms<br />
<br />
=== August ===<br />
<br />
*14 August: [[Tengaria]], [[Senate (Tengaria)|Chamber of Deputies]], prefectural and provincial governments<br />
<br />
=== September ===<br />
<br />
=== October ===<br />
<br />
=== November ===<br />
<br />
=== December ===<br />
<br />
== Indirect elections ==<br />
The following {{wp|Indirect election|indirect elections}} are scheduled to take place through votes in elected {{wp|Lower house|lower houses}}, {{wp|Unicameralism|unicameral legislatures}}, or {{wp|Electoral college|electoral colleges}}:<br />
*14 February: [[Champania]], [[Generalitat of Champania|Generalitat]]<br />
*21 August: [[Tengaria]], President<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Election day (Kylaris)|Election day]]<br />
<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Kylaris}}<br />
[[Category:Electoral calendars (Kylaris)]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Port_Fitzhubert&diff=749128Port Fitzhubert2024-01-03T23:09:45Z<p>Luziyca: /* Administrative divisions */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox settlement<br />
| official_name = Port Fitzhubert<br />
| other_name = reHuni<br />
| motto = Runyararo uye kurongeka ({{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}})<br>Peace and honour<br />
| nickname = ''Port Fitz'', ''The City''<br />
| settlement_type = City<br />
| image_skyline = Dar_es_Salaam_at_a_bird's_view.jpg<br />
| image_flag = <br />
| image_seal = <br />
| image_map = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| subdivision_type = [[Wikipedia:Country|Country]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[Rwizikuru#Administrative divisions|Province]]<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Rwizikuru}}<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Manathea]]<br />
| established_title = Founded<br />
| established_date = 1863<br />
| established_title2 = <br />
| established_date2 = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| leader_title = Mayor<br />
| leader_name = [[Munaki Nhiwatiw]]<br />
| area_magnitude = <br />
| area_total_sq_mi = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| area_land_sq_mi =<br />
| area_land_km2 = <br />
| area_water_sq_mi =<br />
| area_water_km2 = <br />
| area_urban_sq_mi = <br />
| area_urban_km2 = <br />
| area_metro_km2 = <br />
| area_metro_sq_mi =<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_footnotes =<br />
| population_total = 2,859,687<br />
| population_urban = 2,859,687<br />
| population_metro = 5,353,606<br />
| population_density_sq_mi = <br />
| population_density_km2 = <br />
| population_rank = 1st in Rwizikuru<br />
| timezone = [[Rwizikuran Standard Time]]<br />
| utc_offset = +3:45<br />
| timezone_DST = not observed<br />
| utc_offset_DST = +3:45<br />
| area_code = <br />
| latd = <br />
| longd = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_ft = <br />
| elevation_m =<br />
| website =<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Port Fitzhubert''' is the largest city of [[Rwizikuru]], situated on the estuary of the [[Rwizikuru River]] where it empties into the [[Maccan Sea]] of the [[Vehemens Ocean]]. With a population of around three million within its city limits, and over five million in its metropolitan area which spans the provinces of [[Manathea]] and [[South Balisaland]].<br />
<br />
Originally a small fishing village known as Guta reHuni, the modern city was established in 1863 by [[Charles Fitzhubert]] on the western bank of the [[Rwizikuru River]] to serve as the capital of the fledgling [[Estmere|Estmerish]] colony of Riziland. Its status as capital during colonial times, in addition to its location on the estuary of the Rwizikuru River meant that Port Fitzhubert was able to grow dramatically, until by the turn of the twentieth century, it was the largest city in Riziland. Port Fitzhubert would go on to serve as the capital of Rwizikuru from its independence from Estmere in 1946, until the capital was officially moved to [[Guta raMambo]] in 1978, although all government offices only moved their headquarters to Guta raMambo by the early 1980s. <br />
<br />
However, its size and location has meant that to this day, Port Fitzhubert remains the primary economic and cultural centre of the country, with Port Fitzhubert being a centre for [[Freemen]], [[Mirites|Mirite]], {{wp|Shona people|Rwizi}}, and [[Murungu (Rwizikuru)|varungu]] culture. This cosmopolitan character has further been strengthened by the migration of many peoples, including {{wp|Sesotho people|Balisa}} into the city.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The name of '''Port Fitzhubert''' derives from [[Charles Fitzhubert]], the first Estmerish official to claim present-day [[Rwizikuru]] for [[Estmere]], doing so in 1863. He named it after himself, and envisioned it becoming a major center for [[Estmere|Estmerish]] activities in [[Bahia]].<br />
<br />
In the 1960s, the government of [[Vudzijena Nhema]] suggested restoring its precolonial name, '''reHuni''', which derives from {{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}} word for wood, as a shortening of '''Guta reHuni''', or town of wood, as opposed to '''Guta reMabwe''' (present-day [[Chekumabvazuva]]) across the [[Rwizikuru River]]. While this never occurred, as the [[National Salvation Council]] took power in the aftermath of the [[Rwizikuran coup d'etat, 1964|1964 coup]], the National Salvation Council permitted both reHuni and Port Fitzhubert to be used side-by-side for official government purposes.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Pre-colonial era===<br />
Prior to the colonial era, the site of what is now Port Fitzhubert was a fishing village known as reHuni. While it was populated, with the earliest known habitation dating to around 600 BCE, it was not continuously inhabited, with the site being abandoned in 300 BCE, and resettled around 400 CE.<br />
<br />
It was not considered to be the seat of power, with the [[Rwizi Empire]], which existed from the 1100s CE to around the mid-1600s CE being based near present-day [[Munzwa]]. After the collapse of the Rwizi Empire after a series of wars against the [[Wopoto Empire]], Rehuni fell under the jurisdiction of [[Chekumabvazuva|Guta reMabwe]] on the site of neighboring [[Chekumbvazuva]], where it was ruled by the Mubako dynasty.<br />
<br />
===Colonial era===<br />
[[File:Dar_es_Salaam_in_1930s.JPG|250px|thumb|left|Port Fitzhubert, late 1930s]]<br />
In 1863, [[Charles Fitzhubert]] and 250 soldiers established a fort in present-day Port Fitzhubert. This led to conflicts with the Mubako, who had governed the area around [[Chekumbvazuva]] and present-day Port Fitzhubert. However, with the help of gunboat diplomacy, by 1865, he was able to defeat native soldiers, and establish a settlement in Port Fitzhubert.<br />
<br />
Fitzhubert organized the city along Estmerish lines, instituting a grid with nine avenues going north to south, going west from the main harbor on the [[Rwizikuru River]], and twelve streets, going from the beaches northward, and centered on a central square, where he envisioned government buildings would be located along the edges, while the square was to serve as both an open {{wp|market}} and as a recreational space for the [[Murungu (Rwizikuru)|white population]] who would reside in Port Fitzhubert.<br />
<br />
By 1871, the settlement had a population of 9,506 people, with 1,657 Eucleans and 682 [[Freemen]] residing in the city. That year, Port Fitzhubert was granted city status, allowing it to establish a city council. While suffrage was restricted to white men, with Bahians not being eligible to vote, such developments were seen as beneficial to the Estmerish colonizers, as it seemed that it could become the Estmerish equivalent of [[Sainte-Germaine]].<br />
<br />
During the decade, as Fitzhubert's town plan neared completion, {{wp|shantytowns}} started arising, which were predominantly inhabited by native Bahians. This led to a divide between the city centre, which was predominantly wealthy and was inhabited by the varungu, Freemen, and [[Mirites]], and the outskirts, which were poor and predominantly Bahian.<br />
<br />
Over the next three decades, Port Fitzhubert's population and status continued to grow, as harbours, factories, and Euclean-style institutions were established, with a precursor to the [[University of Rwizikuru]], [[University of Rwizikuru|King's College]] being established in 1889. By 1901, Port Fitzhubert had 178,450 people residing within its borders, of which 5,254 were white, 6,195 were Freemen, 7,659 were Mirite, and the remainder were of Bahian descent, of which most were of {{wp|Shona people|Rwizi}} origin.<br />
<br />
This economic growth continued until 1915, when [[Estmere]] fell victim to the [[Great Collapse]]. As jobs decreased, and the number of people unemployed grew, tensions grew until by 1921, [[Port Fitzhubert riots, 1921|riots]] broke out over the perception that the Freemen, white, and Mirite populations were benefiting from the crisis at the expense of the native Bahian population.<br />
<br />
During the first three years of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], as it was situated on the western bank of the [[Rwizikuru River]], it became very vulnerable to [[Gaullica|Gaullican]] attack, as the eastern bank had been occupied and integrated into [[Baséland]]. Thus, the city was the site of efforts by Gaullicans to seize control of the city, with several battles taking place throughout the war, until after Estmere fell to Gaullica in 1929. This led to the colonial governor surrendering to the Gaullican forces, and to Port Fitzhubert's subsequent occupation for the remainder of the Great War.<br />
<br />
Following the conclusion of the war, Port Fitzhubert would begin to recover, particularly after Riziland was granted limited self-government by Estmere in 1937, with Port Fitzhubert become the host to the [[Legislative Council of Riziland|Riziland Legislative Council]]. With much of [[Baséland]] (present-day [[Garambura]]) and all of [[Yekumavirira]] (present-day [[Inkiko]], [[Mabifia]]) becoming Estmerish-administered mandates in the post-war period, Port Fitzhubert would become the primary political centre of the three polities, as there was an expectation in Estmere that they would be united into a single state.<br />
<br />
However, Port Fitzhubert would also become a centre for the Rwizikuran independence movement, with both the [[Rwizikuran National Movement]] and the [[Movement for the Advancement of Bahians in Riziland]] being headquartered within the city, both of whom representing the left and the right wings of the anti-colonial movement, respectively. Generally, the more affluent Bahians, including Mirites, supported the Movement for the Advancement of Bahians in Riziland, whereas the poorer classes, particularly among the Rwizi, supported the Rwizikuran National Movement.<br />
<br />
After nearly ten years of self-government within the Estmerish Empire, Rwizikuru gained full independence in 1946, and Port Fitzhubert was to remain the capital of Rwizikuru.<br />
<br />
===Republic===<br />
[[File:Dar_es_Salaam_waterfront_in_1973_(3071026866).jpg|250px|thumb|right|Port Fitzhubert, {{circa|1960}}]]<br />
In the years following independence, Port Fitzhubert became embroiled in a rivalry with [[Sainte-Germaine]] (present-day [[Mambiza]], [[Garambura]]) and [[Port Tsalar|Port Vaugeois]] (present-day [[Port Tsalar]], [[Mabifia]]), as the three cities sought to become the main economic centers of [[Rwizikuru]]. While Port Fitzhubert had a strong advantage in the fact that it was the capital of Rwizikuru, Sainte-Germaine in the 1940s and 1950s had been a traditional economic centre and was a former capital of [[Baséland]], while Port Vaugeois was a fast growing city.<br />
<br />
Thus, Port Fitzhubert's population continued to grow, particularly due to polices by the first [[President of Rwizikuru]], [[Zophar Bohannon]], who in a time when many newly-independent states in [[Bahia]] went socialist, remained a close ally of the eastern powers, particularly [[Estmere]], which given the instability in present-day [[Yemet]] and [[Maucha]] meant that Port Fitzhubert was able to grow in stature. In 1947, the [[University of Rwizikuru]] was established, giving Rwizikuru its first university.<br />
<br />
By the early 1950s, Port Fitzhubert had become both a major economic centre of central Rwizikuru, and the primary administrative centre of the country. This was further helped by the development of the Mugwagwa which connected Port Fitzhubert with Port Vaugeois and [[Port Graham]] in the west, and with Sainte-Germaine in the east, which also provided a physical link over the [[Rwizikuru River]].<br />
<br />
However, following the election of [[Vudzijena Nhema]] of the [[Rwizikuran National Movement]] in 1954, Nhema's administration would begin implementing socialist economic policies. While at first, it did not affect the local economy, Port Fitzhubert's economic growth slowed, even as population growth increased, as businesses found themselves having to deal with greater regulations, particularly those run by [[Mirites]] and [[Freemen]], of which they suffered the brunt of the nativisation policies of Nhema's government.<br />
<br />
After the government passed legislation to permit the expropriation of "vacant land" owned by expatriates in 1960, followed by heavy restrictions on foreign enterprises the following year, Port Fitzhubert's economy would enter freefall, as many foreign businesses pulled out of Rwizikuru, while Nhema's decision to run for a third term in 1962 helping spur many businesses to leave the country.<br />
<br />
The two coups d'etat in [[Rwizikuran coup d'etat, 1963|1963]] and [[Rwizikuran coup d'etat, 1964|1964]] worsened the situation, as it brought further instability into Port Fitzhubert. However, following the 1964 coup d'etat and the establishment of the [[National Salvation Council (Rwizikuru)|National Salvation Council]], led by [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]], Port Fitzhubert's fortunes initially recovered, as the National Salvation Council reversed Nhema's socialist policies and improved relations with [[Euclea]].<br />
<br />
===Monarchy===<br />
[[File:Mugwagwa_wakabatikana_muPort_Fitzhubert,_1986.jpg|250px|thumb|left|A busy street in downtown Port Fitzhubert, 1986]]<br />
In 1968, when [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]] established the [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|Rwizikuran monarchy]], the Rwizikuran monarchy was initially based in Port Fitzhubert. While initially, Izibongo Ngonidzashe maintained friendly relations with Euclea, Euclean involvement in the [[Garamburan War for Independence]] led to Izibongo Ngonidzashe shutting Rwizikuru from the outside world in the war's aftermath.<br />
<br />
With the loss of both [[Sainte-Germaine]] and [[Port Vaugeois]], Port Fitzhubert was once again the undisputed economic and political centre of Rwizikuru. However, Izibongo Ngonidzashe's isolationist policies, which included a ban on foreign aid in 1971, and his decision in 1973 to expel all [[Mirites]] from Rwizikuru, as well as seize property from wealthy [[Freemen]], [[Murungu (Rwizikuru)|varungu]], and [[Irfan|Irfani Rwizikurans]], led to Port Fitzhubert's economic situation deteriorating further still. This was compounded by an influx of people into Port Fitzhubert, including [[Sotirianity|Sotirians]] who lived in [[Yekumavirira]], as well as those in the countryside wanting better lives.<br />
<br />
As a result of Izibongo Ngonidzashe's fears that Port Fitzhubert would be vulnerable to attack, due to its position on the Mugwagwa, he would move the capital to a purpose-built capital city in 1978, [[Guta raMambo]]. Most ministries would remain in Port Fitzhubert until the early 1980s, when they would finally be moved to Guta raMambo, which included the Ministry of Defence, who in 1981 was the site of a [[Port Fitzhubert putsch, 1981|coup attempt]] against the new monarch, [[Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe]].<br />
<br />
Following the failure of the pustch, Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe accelerated his reforms, which included economic liberalisation, rescinding Izibongo Ngonidzashe's isolationist policies, and allowing Mirites to return to Rwizikuru, allowing foreign investment and foreign aid to Rwizikuru, and enticing companies to operate in Rwizikuru. This led to high levels of investment in the city, particularly from [[Senria|Senrian]] businessmen, who saw a great opportunity to outsource many industries into Rwizikuru. <br />
<br />
===Contemporary era===<br />
[[File:Road_reconstruction_for_Bus_Rapid_Transit_system.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Road construction in Port Fitzhubert, 2012]]<br />
Since the 1990s, the city of Port Fitzhubert has become a fast-growing city, with many immigrants from the rest of [[Rwizikuru]] moving to the Port Fitzhubert metropolitan area, which has come to include [[Chekumbvazuva]], [[Vongai]], and [[Mangwende]], among countless other towns and cities. While the expansion has allowed it to become a major centre of trade and commerce within the country, it has put tremendous pressure on the city's infrastructure, as much of the city's infrastructure was developed either during colonial rule or under [[Zophar Bohannon]]'s presidency.<br />
<br />
Beginning in the 1990s, the national government began focusing on modernising Port Fitzhubert's infrastructure: in 1993, 85% of residents did not receive reliable electricity, and only 55% of residents in Port Fitzhubert proper were connected to sewage and wastewater facilities. In addition, road infrastructure was poor, particularly with regards to roads connecting Port Fitzhubert with [[Vongai]] and [[Mangwende]], which were on the western bank of the Rwizikuru River.<br />
<br />
After [[Munaki Nhiwatiw]] was elected in 2002, he embarked on a plan to modernise the city. In addition to committing to improve electricity and water treatment, Nhiwatiw sought to improve public transit, as at the time of his election, beyond a rudimentary bus system, most of the city's public transportation needs were served by {{wp|dala dala|minibuses}} or by {{wp|auto rickshaws|mavhiri}}. Over the next eight years, Nhiwatiw established a bus rapid transit system in 2005, while several motorway links have been built to alleviate congestion on the city's roads, as well as improve links to Vongai and Mangwende. In addition, shantytowns were connected to sewage and wastewater facilities, which were upgraded to accommodate "a tenfold increase of the metropolitan area."<br />
<br />
By 2013, 74% of residents received reliable electricity in Port Fitzhubert, while 85% of residents were connected to the city's sewage system. In addition, with Port Fitzhubert attracting foreigners, whether tourists, businessmen, or economic migrants from neighbouring Bahian countries, the city has become far more diverse, while the Port Fitzhubert metropolitan area continues to attract migrants from across Rwizikuru.<br />
<br />
In recent plans, plans have been made by the national and municipal governments to demolish slums and build proper housing, although these moves have been controversial as many fear that they would lose their homes and not be able to afford new houses in Port Fitzhubert.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[File:DarEsSalaam-KigamboniBeach.jpg|250px|thumb|left|A beach in southern Port Fitzhubert]]<br />
The city of Port Fitzhubert is situated on the western bank of the [[Rwizikuru River]] estuary, where it exits into the [[Maccan Sea]]. The city centre is situated around a {{wp|natural harbour}} known as [[Petty Harbour, Rwizikuru|Petty Harbour]], upon where the city centre of Port Fitzhubert is concentrated at. <br />
<br />
The area in and around Port Fitzhubert is generally flat and low-lying, with the highest point being Signal Hill ({{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}}: ''Chikomo Signal''), at a mere forty-three metres (142 feet) above {{wp|sea level}}. The average elevation of Port Fitzhubert is around twenty metres (66 feet) above sea level, while the lowest point of Port Fitzhubert is at {{wp|sea level}}. <br />
<br />
Port Fitzhubert's low elevation has led to concerns from environmentalists that it will be flooded in the future, as {{wp|global warming}}-induced {{wp|sea level rise}} could leave many portions of the city uninhabitable. To counteract this, the Rwizikuran government has proposed constructing breakwaters to try and prevent storm surges from flooding key parts of the city.<br />
<br />
===Climate===<br />
Climatically, Port Fitzhubert has an {{wp|tropical rainforest climate|equatorial climate}}, as is typical in the tropical regions of the [[Bahia|Bahian]] subcontinent, due to both its low elevation and its location just south of sixth parallel north. Port Fitzhubert has a yearly average high of 29.5 °C (85.1 °F), and a yearly average low temperature of 21.2 °C (70.2 °F). On average, Port Fitzhubert receives around 2,700 mm of rain per year, with most of the rain falling between April and October, and it has a high average humidity.<br />
<br />
Temperatures were, prior to 1985, recorded at [[Signal Hill Observatory|Signal Hill Observatory]], but since 1985 have been recorded at [[Zophar Bohannon International Airport]].<br />
<br />
{{Weather box<br />
| location = Port Fitzhubert<br />
| single line = Y<br />
| metric first = Y<br />
| Jan record high C = 31<br />
| Feb record high C = 31<br />
| Mar record high C = 31<br />
| Apr record high C = 33<br />
| May record high C = 34<br />
| Jun record high C = 36<br />
| Jul record high C = 34<br />
| Aug record high C = 34<br />
| Sep record high C = 35<br />
| Oct record high C = 34<br />
| Nov record high C = 33<br />
| Dec record high C = 32<br />
| year record high C = 36<br />
| Jan high C = 27.7<br />
| Feb high C = 27.7<br />
| Mar high C = 28.1<br />
| Apr high C = 29.1<br />
| May high C = 30.3<br />
| Jun high C = 30.8<br />
| Jul high C = 30.4<br />
| Aug high C = 30.4<br />
| Sep high C = 30.8<br />
| Oct high C = 30.4<br />
| Nov high C = 29.5<br />
| Dec high C = 28.4<br />
| year high C = 29.5<br />
| Jan low C = 18.8<br />
| Feb low C = 18.4<br />
| Mar low C = 19.0<br />
| Apr low C = 20.3<br />
| May low C = 21.6<br />
| Jun low C = 22.6<br />
| Jul low C = 23.4<br />
| Aug low C = 23.3<br />
| Sep low C = 23.0<br />
| Oct low C = 22.6<br />
| Nov low C = 21.2<br />
| Dec low C = 19.6<br />
| year low C = 21.2<br />
| Jan record low C = 14<br />
| Feb record low C = 14<br />
| Mar record low C = 15<br />
| Apr record low C = 16<br />
| May record low C = 18<br />
| Jun record low C = 19<br />
| Jul record low C = 20<br />
| Aug record low C = 20<br />
| Sep record low C = 20<br />
| Oct record low C = 20<br />
| Nov record low C = 17<br />
| Dec record low C = 14<br />
| year record low C = 14<br />
| rain colour = green<br />
| Jan rain mm = 108<br />
| Feb rain mm = 97<br />
| Mar rain mm = 108<br />
| Apr rain mm = 219<br />
| May rain mm = 364<br />
| Jun rain mm = 279<br />
| Jul rain mm = 293<br />
| Aug rain mm = 316<br />
| Sep rain mm = 256<br />
| Oct rain mm = 266<br />
| Nov rain mm = 244<br />
| Dec rain mm = 150<br />
| year rain mm = 2700<br />
| Jan rain days = 12<br />
| Feb rain days = 10<br />
| Mar rain days = 11<br />
| Apr rain days = 12<br />
| May rain days = 12<br />
| Jun rain days = 16<br />
| Jul rain days = 18<br />
| Aug rain days = 16<br />
| Sep rain days = 18<br />
| Oct rain days = 18<br />
| Nov rain days = 12<br />
| Dec rain days = 12<br />
| year rain days = 167<br />
| Jan humidity = 65<br />
| Feb humidity = 65<br />
| Mar humidity = 70<br />
| Apr humidity = 73<br />
| May humidity = 69<br />
| Jun humidity = 72<br />
| Jul humidity = 79<br />
| Aug humidity = 77<br />
| Sep humidity = 76<br />
| Oct humidity = 74<br />
| Nov humidity = 69<br />
| Dec humidity = 66<br />
| year humidity = 71<br />
| Jan sun = 236<br />
| Feb sun = 232<br />
| Mar sun = 221<br />
| Apr sun = 237<br />
| May sun = 230<br />
| Jun sun = 212<br />
| Jul sun = 187<br />
| Aug sun = 177<br />
| Sep sun = 192<br />
| Oct sun = 225<br />
| Nov sun = 232<br />
| Dec sun = 231<br />
| year sun = 2612<br />
| source 1 = Royal Meteorological Service of Rwizikuru<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Government==<br />
[[File:Dar_es_Salaam_Historic_City_Hall.jpg|250px|thumb|right|City hall in Central, Port Fitzhubert, 2021]]<br />
Like any city in [[Rwizikuru]], it has an elected '''Mayor''' ({{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}}: ''meya'') and an elected '''city council''' (''kanzuru yeguta'').<br />
<br />
The city council comprises of twelve members, each representing one of the city's twelve wards, and are elected every four years by all inhabitants of Port Fitzhubert over the age of 21, as stipulated in the ''[[Civic Decree of 1965]]'' issued by [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]]. The mayor is also elected in the same elections that elect the rest of the city council.<br />
<br />
The current mayor, [[Munaki Nhiwatiw]] was first elected in 2002, and was re-elected in 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018.<br />
<br />
===Administrative divisions===<br />
The city of Port Fitzhubert is officially divided into seven '''quarters''' ({{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}}: ''makota''). These quarters are primarily used for statistical purposes, but are also used to organise waste collection.<br />
<br />
The seven quarters are often grouped into inner quarters (Central, Riversdale, and Southside) and outer quarters (Chiratidzo, Gungwajena, Ivhudzvuku, and Marara), with the inner quarters established as a result of urban planning by the Estmerish, and outer quarters as a result of natural and unplanned urban expansion (as in the case of Marara and Chiratidzo), or were developed after independence (as in the case of Gungwajena and Ivhudzvuku).<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"<br />
|-<br />
! Map !! quarter !! Number !! Population (2011)<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=7|[[File:PortFitzBorough.png|150px]] || Central || 1 || 119,683<br />
|-<br />
| Chiratidzo || 6 || 339,812<br />
|-<br />
| Gungwajena || 4 || 351,011<br />
|-<br />
| Ivhudzvuku || 7 || 719,114<br />
|-<br />
| Marara || 5 || 691,857<br />
|-<br />
| Riversdale || 3 || 219,633<br />
|-<br />
| Southside || 2 || 418,577<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Population==<br />
[[File:Street_Scene_in_Daressalam_(15180804450).jpg|250px|thumb|left|A street scene in Central, Port Fitzhubert]]<br />
As of the 2011 census, Port Fitzhubert's population was at 2,859,687 people, while the population of Port Fitzhubert's metropolitan area was at 5,353,606 people, making Port Fitzhubert the largest city and metropolitan area in [[Rwizikuru]].<br />
<br />
Ethnically, Port Fitzhubert is the most diverse city in Rwizikuru, with the largest ethnic groups being the {{wp|Shona people|Rwizis}}, at 49.3% of the population, or 1,410,437 people, the {{wp|Sesotho people|Balisa}} at 15.7%, or 448,971 people, and the {{wp|Bemba people|Makomo}} at 10% of the population, or 285,969 people. Other major ethnic groups are the [[Randa people|Randa]], who make up 5% of the population, or 142,984 people, the [[Mirites]], who make up 3.4% of the population, or 97,383 people, the [[Freemen]], at 0.7% of the population, or 20,483 people, and the [[Murungu (Rwizikuru)|varungu]], who make up around 0.4% of the population, or 10,798 people. Around 10.5% of the population, or 299,678 belong to other Bahian ethnicities, predominantly immigrants from other [[Bahia|Bahian]] states and smaller ethnicities from across Rwizikuru. Finally, 5% of the population, or 142,984 people belong to other ethnic groups, such as Euclean {{wp|expatriates}} or Coians (predominantly [[Senria|Senrians]] and [[Ansan|Ansanese]]).<br />
<br />
Religiously, Port Fitzhubert is heavily [[Sotirianity|Sotirian]], with 71.9% of the population, or 2,054,793 people, adhering to any of the Sotirian sects. The predominant sects of Sotirianity are the [[Embrian Communion]], with 41.7% or 1,195,325 people, and the [[Solarian Catholic Church]], with 20.9% of the population, or 597,663 people, adhering to it. 9.2% of the population, or 261,805 people, follow other sects of Sotirianity, such as the [[Mirite Church]]. The next largest religion, [[Badi]], is followed by around 21.6% of the population, or 617,692 people.<br />
<br />
Of those who follow other religions, 4.6% of the population, or 133,383 people are irreligious, 0.7% of the population, or 18,399 people, follow [[Irfan]], and 1.2% of the population, or 35,420 people follow other religions, such as [[Tenkyou]].<br />
<br />
Linguistically, while the city is predominantly {{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}} and {{wp|English language|Estmerish}}-speaking (with [[Estuary Creole]] traditionally being spoken in the city until the 1970s as a {{wp|lingua franca}}), due to the high numbers of immigrants, {{wp|French language|Gaullican}} and {{wp|Sesotho language|Molisa}} are also considered official within the city, making Port Fitzhubert one of the few cities in Rwizikuru where it is officially quadrilingual.<br />
<br />
==Economy==<br />
[[File:Mzizima_Fish_Market_(34158122313).jpg|250px|thumb|right|A fish market in Southside, 2017]]<br />
As the largest city in [[Rwizikuru]], Port Fitzhubert is the country's foremost economic centre. Due to its size and location, Port Fitzhubert is home to Rwizikuru's financial sector, and much of the country's {{wp|service sector}}, with the Central quarter being renowned as a centre for shopping, with options of small businesses and {{wp|markets}} selling various wares. Hotels and resorts are common along the quarters of Central, Riversdale, and Gungwajena, as Port Fitzhubert is the main centre of Rwizikuran {{wp|tourism}}.<br />
<br />
Warehouses and industry are common in the Southside quarter (named after its position on the [[Petty Harbour, Rwizikuru|Petty Harbour]], as it is situated to the south of the harbour), with the [[Port of Port Fitzhubert]] being the largest cargo port in Rwizikuru, although the [[Port of Fangsu]] is set to overtake the Port of Port Fitzhubert within the next few decades.<br />
<br />
Since the start of the twenty-first century, Port Fitzhubert has undergone significant improvements to public transportation, with motorways being built to [[Vongai]] and [[Mangwende]], while a {{wp|bus rapid transit}} system has been established in 2005, with the lines now connecting all seven quarters of Port Fitzhubert. In addition, it is the primary hub for [[Rwizikuru Rail]], with it serving as the terminus for the [[Rusere-Port Fitzhubert railway|Rusere-Port Fitzhubert line]] and as a stop on the [[Coastal line, Rwizikuru|Coastal line]].<br />
<br />
Port Fitzhubert has some of the highest levels of {{wp|income inequality}} in Rwizikuru, with stark disparities in standards of living between the inner and outer quarters, with the outer quarters being significantly poorer than those in the inner quarters. In general, many denizens in Port Fitzhubert are twice as wealthy compared to those who live in regional centres like [[Port Graham]] or [[Munzwa]], and five times as wealthy compared to those who live in the Rwizikuran countryside, although it is estimated that 30-60% of the city's population lives below the {{wp|poverty line}} of $1.90.<br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
[[File:Tanzania_National_Main_Stadium_Aerial.jpg|250px|thumb|left|[[Izibongo Ngonidzashe National Stadium]], 2017]]<br />
Due to Port Fitzhubert's status as the largest city in [[Rwizikuru]], most of Rwizikuran art and culture is concentrated in Port Fitzhubert, particularly among the {{wp|Shona people|Rwizi}} and [[Freemen]] communities. <br />
<br />
Most publishing houses in Rwizikuru are based in Port Fitzhubert, with authors [[Tafadzwa Mubako]] and [[Nokutendaishe Mnkandla]] being denizens of Port Fitzhubert, while most music studios are overwhelmingly based in Port Fitzhubert. Film studios are concentrated in Port Fitzhubert: historically, the [[Royal Rwizikuran Film Studios]] was based in Port Fitzhubert, but after it was sold off in the 1990s, many smaller film studios, such as Trinity Films and {{wp|Wakaliwood|Samkange Film Productions}} have set up shop.<br />
<br />
The cuisine in Port Fitzhubert is influenced not just by [[Rwizikuru#Cuisine|Rwizikuran cuisine]], but also by foreign cuisines, due to the high presence of foreigners within the city. Since the 2000s, foods such as {{wp|sushi|susi}} and {{wp|curry}} have become popular {{wp|street foods}} within the city.<br />
<br />
Sporting-wise, virtually all of Rwizikuru's national teams and the most prestigious teams within the [[Rwizikuru Football League]], the [[Rwizikuran Rugby League]], and the [[Rwizikuran Cricket League]] all being based within Port Fitzhubert. The most important stadium is the [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe National Stadium]], which houses the [[Rwizikuru national football team]], and the [[Rwizikuran national rugby team]].<br />
<br />
Likewise, most media in Rwizikuru is concentrated in Port Fitzhubert, with the [[Rwizikuran Information Service|RIS]] being headquartered in Port Fitzhubert, as well as nineteen licensed private radio stations as of 2021, and the country's {{wp|newspaper of record}}, ''[[The Rwizikuran]]''. <br />
<br />
Historically, only the RIS was allowed to broadcast on radio and television, but since the 1990s, their monopoly was not legally enforced, which led to a spate of {{wp|pirate radio|unlicensed radio stations}}. The law was changed in 2019 to permit private radio and television stations to operate with no restrictions.<br />
<br />
==Sister cities==<br />
*{{flagicon|Garambura}} [[Mambiza]], [[Garambura]] (1945–1969, 1980–)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Cities in Rwizikuru]][[Category:Cities (Kylaris)]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Port_Fitzhubert&diff=749127Port Fitzhubert2024-01-03T23:09:01Z<p>Luziyca: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox settlement<br />
| official_name = Port Fitzhubert<br />
| other_name = reHuni<br />
| motto = Runyararo uye kurongeka ({{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}})<br>Peace and honour<br />
| nickname = ''Port Fitz'', ''The City''<br />
| settlement_type = City<br />
| image_skyline = Dar_es_Salaam_at_a_bird's_view.jpg<br />
| image_flag = <br />
| image_seal = <br />
| image_map = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| subdivision_type = [[Wikipedia:Country|Country]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[Rwizikuru#Administrative divisions|Province]]<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Rwizikuru}}<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Manathea]]<br />
| established_title = Founded<br />
| established_date = 1863<br />
| established_title2 = <br />
| established_date2 = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| leader_title = Mayor<br />
| leader_name = [[Munaki Nhiwatiw]]<br />
| area_magnitude = <br />
| area_total_sq_mi = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| area_land_sq_mi =<br />
| area_land_km2 = <br />
| area_water_sq_mi =<br />
| area_water_km2 = <br />
| area_urban_sq_mi = <br />
| area_urban_km2 = <br />
| area_metro_km2 = <br />
| area_metro_sq_mi =<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_footnotes =<br />
| population_total = 2,859,687<br />
| population_urban = 2,859,687<br />
| population_metro = 5,353,606<br />
| population_density_sq_mi = <br />
| population_density_km2 = <br />
| population_rank = 1st in Rwizikuru<br />
| timezone = [[Rwizikuran Standard Time]]<br />
| utc_offset = +3:45<br />
| timezone_DST = not observed<br />
| utc_offset_DST = +3:45<br />
| area_code = <br />
| latd = <br />
| longd = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_ft = <br />
| elevation_m =<br />
| website =<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Port Fitzhubert''' is the largest city of [[Rwizikuru]], situated on the estuary of the [[Rwizikuru River]] where it empties into the [[Maccan Sea]] of the [[Vehemens Ocean]]. With a population of around three million within its city limits, and over five million in its metropolitan area which spans the provinces of [[Manathea]] and [[South Balisaland]].<br />
<br />
Originally a small fishing village known as Guta reHuni, the modern city was established in 1863 by [[Charles Fitzhubert]] on the western bank of the [[Rwizikuru River]] to serve as the capital of the fledgling [[Estmere|Estmerish]] colony of Riziland. Its status as capital during colonial times, in addition to its location on the estuary of the Rwizikuru River meant that Port Fitzhubert was able to grow dramatically, until by the turn of the twentieth century, it was the largest city in Riziland. Port Fitzhubert would go on to serve as the capital of Rwizikuru from its independence from Estmere in 1946, until the capital was officially moved to [[Guta raMambo]] in 1978, although all government offices only moved their headquarters to Guta raMambo by the early 1980s. <br />
<br />
However, its size and location has meant that to this day, Port Fitzhubert remains the primary economic and cultural centre of the country, with Port Fitzhubert being a centre for [[Freemen]], [[Mirites|Mirite]], {{wp|Shona people|Rwizi}}, and [[Murungu (Rwizikuru)|varungu]] culture. This cosmopolitan character has further been strengthened by the migration of many peoples, including {{wp|Sesotho people|Balisa}} into the city.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The name of '''Port Fitzhubert''' derives from [[Charles Fitzhubert]], the first Estmerish official to claim present-day [[Rwizikuru]] for [[Estmere]], doing so in 1863. He named it after himself, and envisioned it becoming a major center for [[Estmere|Estmerish]] activities in [[Bahia]].<br />
<br />
In the 1960s, the government of [[Vudzijena Nhema]] suggested restoring its precolonial name, '''reHuni''', which derives from {{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}} word for wood, as a shortening of '''Guta reHuni''', or town of wood, as opposed to '''Guta reMabwe''' (present-day [[Chekumabvazuva]]) across the [[Rwizikuru River]]. While this never occurred, as the [[National Salvation Council]] took power in the aftermath of the [[Rwizikuran coup d'etat, 1964|1964 coup]], the National Salvation Council permitted both reHuni and Port Fitzhubert to be used side-by-side for official government purposes.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Pre-colonial era===<br />
Prior to the colonial era, the site of what is now Port Fitzhubert was a fishing village known as reHuni. While it was populated, with the earliest known habitation dating to around 600 BCE, it was not continuously inhabited, with the site being abandoned in 300 BCE, and resettled around 400 CE.<br />
<br />
It was not considered to be the seat of power, with the [[Rwizi Empire]], which existed from the 1100s CE to around the mid-1600s CE being based near present-day [[Munzwa]]. After the collapse of the Rwizi Empire after a series of wars against the [[Wopoto Empire]], Rehuni fell under the jurisdiction of [[Chekumabvazuva|Guta reMabwe]] on the site of neighboring [[Chekumbvazuva]], where it was ruled by the Mubako dynasty.<br />
<br />
===Colonial era===<br />
[[File:Dar_es_Salaam_in_1930s.JPG|250px|thumb|left|Port Fitzhubert, late 1930s]]<br />
In 1863, [[Charles Fitzhubert]] and 250 soldiers established a fort in present-day Port Fitzhubert. This led to conflicts with the Mubako, who had governed the area around [[Chekumbvazuva]] and present-day Port Fitzhubert. However, with the help of gunboat diplomacy, by 1865, he was able to defeat native soldiers, and establish a settlement in Port Fitzhubert.<br />
<br />
Fitzhubert organized the city along Estmerish lines, instituting a grid with nine avenues going north to south, going west from the main harbor on the [[Rwizikuru River]], and twelve streets, going from the beaches northward, and centered on a central square, where he envisioned government buildings would be located along the edges, while the square was to serve as both an open {{wp|market}} and as a recreational space for the [[Murungu (Rwizikuru)|white population]] who would reside in Port Fitzhubert.<br />
<br />
By 1871, the settlement had a population of 9,506 people, with 1,657 Eucleans and 682 [[Freemen]] residing in the city. That year, Port Fitzhubert was granted city status, allowing it to establish a city council. While suffrage was restricted to white men, with Bahians not being eligible to vote, such developments were seen as beneficial to the Estmerish colonizers, as it seemed that it could become the Estmerish equivalent of [[Sainte-Germaine]].<br />
<br />
During the decade, as Fitzhubert's town plan neared completion, {{wp|shantytowns}} started arising, which were predominantly inhabited by native Bahians. This led to a divide between the city centre, which was predominantly wealthy and was inhabited by the varungu, Freemen, and [[Mirites]], and the outskirts, which were poor and predominantly Bahian.<br />
<br />
Over the next three decades, Port Fitzhubert's population and status continued to grow, as harbours, factories, and Euclean-style institutions were established, with a precursor to the [[University of Rwizikuru]], [[University of Rwizikuru|King's College]] being established in 1889. By 1901, Port Fitzhubert had 178,450 people residing within its borders, of which 5,254 were white, 6,195 were Freemen, 7,659 were Mirite, and the remainder were of Bahian descent, of which most were of {{wp|Shona people|Rwizi}} origin.<br />
<br />
This economic growth continued until 1915, when [[Estmere]] fell victim to the [[Great Collapse]]. As jobs decreased, and the number of people unemployed grew, tensions grew until by 1921, [[Port Fitzhubert riots, 1921|riots]] broke out over the perception that the Freemen, white, and Mirite populations were benefiting from the crisis at the expense of the native Bahian population.<br />
<br />
During the first three years of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], as it was situated on the western bank of the [[Rwizikuru River]], it became very vulnerable to [[Gaullica|Gaullican]] attack, as the eastern bank had been occupied and integrated into [[Baséland]]. Thus, the city was the site of efforts by Gaullicans to seize control of the city, with several battles taking place throughout the war, until after Estmere fell to Gaullica in 1929. This led to the colonial governor surrendering to the Gaullican forces, and to Port Fitzhubert's subsequent occupation for the remainder of the Great War.<br />
<br />
Following the conclusion of the war, Port Fitzhubert would begin to recover, particularly after Riziland was granted limited self-government by Estmere in 1937, with Port Fitzhubert become the host to the [[Legislative Council of Riziland|Riziland Legislative Council]]. With much of [[Baséland]] (present-day [[Garambura]]) and all of [[Yekumavirira]] (present-day [[Inkiko]], [[Mabifia]]) becoming Estmerish-administered mandates in the post-war period, Port Fitzhubert would become the primary political centre of the three polities, as there was an expectation in Estmere that they would be united into a single state.<br />
<br />
However, Port Fitzhubert would also become a centre for the Rwizikuran independence movement, with both the [[Rwizikuran National Movement]] and the [[Movement for the Advancement of Bahians in Riziland]] being headquartered within the city, both of whom representing the left and the right wings of the anti-colonial movement, respectively. Generally, the more affluent Bahians, including Mirites, supported the Movement for the Advancement of Bahians in Riziland, whereas the poorer classes, particularly among the Rwizi, supported the Rwizikuran National Movement.<br />
<br />
After nearly ten years of self-government within the Estmerish Empire, Rwizikuru gained full independence in 1946, and Port Fitzhubert was to remain the capital of Rwizikuru.<br />
<br />
===Republic===<br />
[[File:Dar_es_Salaam_waterfront_in_1973_(3071026866).jpg|250px|thumb|right|Port Fitzhubert, {{circa|1960}}]]<br />
In the years following independence, Port Fitzhubert became embroiled in a rivalry with [[Sainte-Germaine]] (present-day [[Mambiza]], [[Garambura]]) and [[Port Tsalar|Port Vaugeois]] (present-day [[Port Tsalar]], [[Mabifia]]), as the three cities sought to become the main economic centers of [[Rwizikuru]]. While Port Fitzhubert had a strong advantage in the fact that it was the capital of Rwizikuru, Sainte-Germaine in the 1940s and 1950s had been a traditional economic centre and was a former capital of [[Baséland]], while Port Vaugeois was a fast growing city.<br />
<br />
Thus, Port Fitzhubert's population continued to grow, particularly due to polices by the first [[President of Rwizikuru]], [[Zophar Bohannon]], who in a time when many newly-independent states in [[Bahia]] went socialist, remained a close ally of the eastern powers, particularly [[Estmere]], which given the instability in present-day [[Yemet]] and [[Maucha]] meant that Port Fitzhubert was able to grow in stature. In 1947, the [[University of Rwizikuru]] was established, giving Rwizikuru its first university.<br />
<br />
By the early 1950s, Port Fitzhubert had become both a major economic centre of central Rwizikuru, and the primary administrative centre of the country. This was further helped by the development of the Mugwagwa which connected Port Fitzhubert with Port Vaugeois and [[Port Graham]] in the west, and with Sainte-Germaine in the east, which also provided a physical link over the [[Rwizikuru River]].<br />
<br />
However, following the election of [[Vudzijena Nhema]] of the [[Rwizikuran National Movement]] in 1954, Nhema's administration would begin implementing socialist economic policies. While at first, it did not affect the local economy, Port Fitzhubert's economic growth slowed, even as population growth increased, as businesses found themselves having to deal with greater regulations, particularly those run by [[Mirites]] and [[Freemen]], of which they suffered the brunt of the nativisation policies of Nhema's government.<br />
<br />
After the government passed legislation to permit the expropriation of "vacant land" owned by expatriates in 1960, followed by heavy restrictions on foreign enterprises the following year, Port Fitzhubert's economy would enter freefall, as many foreign businesses pulled out of Rwizikuru, while Nhema's decision to run for a third term in 1962 helping spur many businesses to leave the country.<br />
<br />
The two coups d'etat in [[Rwizikuran coup d'etat, 1963|1963]] and [[Rwizikuran coup d'etat, 1964|1964]] worsened the situation, as it brought further instability into Port Fitzhubert. However, following the 1964 coup d'etat and the establishment of the [[National Salvation Council (Rwizikuru)|National Salvation Council]], led by [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]], Port Fitzhubert's fortunes initially recovered, as the National Salvation Council reversed Nhema's socialist policies and improved relations with [[Euclea]].<br />
<br />
===Monarchy===<br />
[[File:Mugwagwa_wakabatikana_muPort_Fitzhubert,_1986.jpg|250px|thumb|left|A busy street in downtown Port Fitzhubert, 1986]]<br />
In 1968, when [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]] established the [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|Rwizikuran monarchy]], the Rwizikuran monarchy was initially based in Port Fitzhubert. While initially, Izibongo Ngonidzashe maintained friendly relations with Euclea, Euclean involvement in the [[Garamburan War for Independence]] led to Izibongo Ngonidzashe shutting Rwizikuru from the outside world in the war's aftermath.<br />
<br />
With the loss of both [[Sainte-Germaine]] and [[Port Vaugeois]], Port Fitzhubert was once again the undisputed economic and political centre of Rwizikuru. However, Izibongo Ngonidzashe's isolationist policies, which included a ban on foreign aid in 1971, and his decision in 1973 to expel all [[Mirites]] from Rwizikuru, as well as seize property from wealthy [[Freemen]], [[Murungu (Rwizikuru)|varungu]], and [[Irfan|Irfani Rwizikurans]], led to Port Fitzhubert's economic situation deteriorating further still. This was compounded by an influx of people into Port Fitzhubert, including [[Sotirianity|Sotirians]] who lived in [[Yekumavirira]], as well as those in the countryside wanting better lives.<br />
<br />
As a result of Izibongo Ngonidzashe's fears that Port Fitzhubert would be vulnerable to attack, due to its position on the Mugwagwa, he would move the capital to a purpose-built capital city in 1978, [[Guta raMambo]]. Most ministries would remain in Port Fitzhubert until the early 1980s, when they would finally be moved to Guta raMambo, which included the Ministry of Defence, who in 1981 was the site of a [[Port Fitzhubert putsch, 1981|coup attempt]] against the new monarch, [[Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe]].<br />
<br />
Following the failure of the pustch, Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe accelerated his reforms, which included economic liberalisation, rescinding Izibongo Ngonidzashe's isolationist policies, and allowing Mirites to return to Rwizikuru, allowing foreign investment and foreign aid to Rwizikuru, and enticing companies to operate in Rwizikuru. This led to high levels of investment in the city, particularly from [[Senria|Senrian]] businessmen, who saw a great opportunity to outsource many industries into Rwizikuru. <br />
<br />
===Contemporary era===<br />
[[File:Road_reconstruction_for_Bus_Rapid_Transit_system.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Road construction in Port Fitzhubert, 2012]]<br />
Since the 1990s, the city of Port Fitzhubert has become a fast-growing city, with many immigrants from the rest of [[Rwizikuru]] moving to the Port Fitzhubert metropolitan area, which has come to include [[Chekumbvazuva]], [[Vongai]], and [[Mangwende]], among countless other towns and cities. While the expansion has allowed it to become a major centre of trade and commerce within the country, it has put tremendous pressure on the city's infrastructure, as much of the city's infrastructure was developed either during colonial rule or under [[Zophar Bohannon]]'s presidency.<br />
<br />
Beginning in the 1990s, the national government began focusing on modernising Port Fitzhubert's infrastructure: in 1993, 85% of residents did not receive reliable electricity, and only 55% of residents in Port Fitzhubert proper were connected to sewage and wastewater facilities. In addition, road infrastructure was poor, particularly with regards to roads connecting Port Fitzhubert with [[Vongai]] and [[Mangwende]], which were on the western bank of the Rwizikuru River.<br />
<br />
After [[Munaki Nhiwatiw]] was elected in 2002, he embarked on a plan to modernise the city. In addition to committing to improve electricity and water treatment, Nhiwatiw sought to improve public transit, as at the time of his election, beyond a rudimentary bus system, most of the city's public transportation needs were served by {{wp|dala dala|minibuses}} or by {{wp|auto rickshaws|mavhiri}}. Over the next eight years, Nhiwatiw established a bus rapid transit system in 2005, while several motorway links have been built to alleviate congestion on the city's roads, as well as improve links to Vongai and Mangwende. In addition, shantytowns were connected to sewage and wastewater facilities, which were upgraded to accommodate "a tenfold increase of the metropolitan area."<br />
<br />
By 2013, 74% of residents received reliable electricity in Port Fitzhubert, while 85% of residents were connected to the city's sewage system. In addition, with Port Fitzhubert attracting foreigners, whether tourists, businessmen, or economic migrants from neighbouring Bahian countries, the city has become far more diverse, while the Port Fitzhubert metropolitan area continues to attract migrants from across Rwizikuru.<br />
<br />
In recent plans, plans have been made by the national and municipal governments to demolish slums and build proper housing, although these moves have been controversial as many fear that they would lose their homes and not be able to afford new houses in Port Fitzhubert.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[File:DarEsSalaam-KigamboniBeach.jpg|250px|thumb|left|A beach in southern Port Fitzhubert]]<br />
The city of Port Fitzhubert is situated on the western bank of the [[Rwizikuru River]] estuary, where it exits into the [[Maccan Sea]]. The city centre is situated around a {{wp|natural harbour}} known as [[Petty Harbour, Rwizikuru|Petty Harbour]], upon where the city centre of Port Fitzhubert is concentrated at. <br />
<br />
The area in and around Port Fitzhubert is generally flat and low-lying, with the highest point being Signal Hill ({{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}}: ''Chikomo Signal''), at a mere forty-three metres (142 feet) above {{wp|sea level}}. The average elevation of Port Fitzhubert is around twenty metres (66 feet) above sea level, while the lowest point of Port Fitzhubert is at {{wp|sea level}}. <br />
<br />
Port Fitzhubert's low elevation has led to concerns from environmentalists that it will be flooded in the future, as {{wp|global warming}}-induced {{wp|sea level rise}} could leave many portions of the city uninhabitable. To counteract this, the Rwizikuran government has proposed constructing breakwaters to try and prevent storm surges from flooding key parts of the city.<br />
<br />
===Climate===<br />
Climatically, Port Fitzhubert has an {{wp|tropical rainforest climate|equatorial climate}}, as is typical in the tropical regions of the [[Bahia|Bahian]] subcontinent, due to both its low elevation and its location just south of sixth parallel north. Port Fitzhubert has a yearly average high of 29.5 °C (85.1 °F), and a yearly average low temperature of 21.2 °C (70.2 °F). On average, Port Fitzhubert receives around 2,700 mm of rain per year, with most of the rain falling between April and October, and it has a high average humidity.<br />
<br />
Temperatures were, prior to 1985, recorded at [[Signal Hill Observatory|Signal Hill Observatory]], but since 1985 have been recorded at [[Zophar Bohannon International Airport]].<br />
<br />
{{Weather box<br />
| location = Port Fitzhubert<br />
| single line = Y<br />
| metric first = Y<br />
| Jan record high C = 31<br />
| Feb record high C = 31<br />
| Mar record high C = 31<br />
| Apr record high C = 33<br />
| May record high C = 34<br />
| Jun record high C = 36<br />
| Jul record high C = 34<br />
| Aug record high C = 34<br />
| Sep record high C = 35<br />
| Oct record high C = 34<br />
| Nov record high C = 33<br />
| Dec record high C = 32<br />
| year record high C = 36<br />
| Jan high C = 27.7<br />
| Feb high C = 27.7<br />
| Mar high C = 28.1<br />
| Apr high C = 29.1<br />
| May high C = 30.3<br />
| Jun high C = 30.8<br />
| Jul high C = 30.4<br />
| Aug high C = 30.4<br />
| Sep high C = 30.8<br />
| Oct high C = 30.4<br />
| Nov high C = 29.5<br />
| Dec high C = 28.4<br />
| year high C = 29.5<br />
| Jan low C = 18.8<br />
| Feb low C = 18.4<br />
| Mar low C = 19.0<br />
| Apr low C = 20.3<br />
| May low C = 21.6<br />
| Jun low C = 22.6<br />
| Jul low C = 23.4<br />
| Aug low C = 23.3<br />
| Sep low C = 23.0<br />
| Oct low C = 22.6<br />
| Nov low C = 21.2<br />
| Dec low C = 19.6<br />
| year low C = 21.2<br />
| Jan record low C = 14<br />
| Feb record low C = 14<br />
| Mar record low C = 15<br />
| Apr record low C = 16<br />
| May record low C = 18<br />
| Jun record low C = 19<br />
| Jul record low C = 20<br />
| Aug record low C = 20<br />
| Sep record low C = 20<br />
| Oct record low C = 20<br />
| Nov record low C = 17<br />
| Dec record low C = 14<br />
| year record low C = 14<br />
| rain colour = green<br />
| Jan rain mm = 108<br />
| Feb rain mm = 97<br />
| Mar rain mm = 108<br />
| Apr rain mm = 219<br />
| May rain mm = 364<br />
| Jun rain mm = 279<br />
| Jul rain mm = 293<br />
| Aug rain mm = 316<br />
| Sep rain mm = 256<br />
| Oct rain mm = 266<br />
| Nov rain mm = 244<br />
| Dec rain mm = 150<br />
| year rain mm = 2700<br />
| Jan rain days = 12<br />
| Feb rain days = 10<br />
| Mar rain days = 11<br />
| Apr rain days = 12<br />
| May rain days = 12<br />
| Jun rain days = 16<br />
| Jul rain days = 18<br />
| Aug rain days = 16<br />
| Sep rain days = 18<br />
| Oct rain days = 18<br />
| Nov rain days = 12<br />
| Dec rain days = 12<br />
| year rain days = 167<br />
| Jan humidity = 65<br />
| Feb humidity = 65<br />
| Mar humidity = 70<br />
| Apr humidity = 73<br />
| May humidity = 69<br />
| Jun humidity = 72<br />
| Jul humidity = 79<br />
| Aug humidity = 77<br />
| Sep humidity = 76<br />
| Oct humidity = 74<br />
| Nov humidity = 69<br />
| Dec humidity = 66<br />
| year humidity = 71<br />
| Jan sun = 236<br />
| Feb sun = 232<br />
| Mar sun = 221<br />
| Apr sun = 237<br />
| May sun = 230<br />
| Jun sun = 212<br />
| Jul sun = 187<br />
| Aug sun = 177<br />
| Sep sun = 192<br />
| Oct sun = 225<br />
| Nov sun = 232<br />
| Dec sun = 231<br />
| year sun = 2612<br />
| source 1 = Royal Meteorological Service of Rwizikuru<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Government==<br />
[[File:Dar_es_Salaam_Historic_City_Hall.jpg|250px|thumb|right|City hall in Central, Port Fitzhubert, 2021]]<br />
Like any city in [[Rwizikuru]], it has an elected '''Mayor''' ({{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}}: ''meya'') and an elected '''city council''' (''kanzuru yeguta'').<br />
<br />
The city council comprises of twelve members, each representing one of the city's twelve wards, and are elected every four years by all inhabitants of Port Fitzhubert over the age of 21, as stipulated in the ''[[Civic Decree of 1965]]'' issued by [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]]. The mayor is also elected in the same elections that elect the rest of the city council.<br />
<br />
The current mayor, [[Munaki Nhiwatiw]] was first elected in 2002, and was re-elected in 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018.<br />
<br />
===Administrative divisions===<br />
The city of Port Fitzhubert is officially divided into seven '''quarters''' ({{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}}: ''mabhorani''). These quarters are primarily used for statistical purposes, but are also used to organise waste collection.<br />
<br />
The seven quarters are often grouped into inner quarters (Central, Riversdale, and Southside) and outer quarters (Chiratidzo, Gungwajena, Ivhudzvuku, and Marara), with the inner quarters established as a result of urban planning by the Estmerish, and outer quarters as a result of natural and unplanned urban expansion (as in the case of Marara and Chiratidzo), or were developed after independence (as in the case of Gungwajena and Ivhudzvuku).<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"<br />
|-<br />
! Map !! quarter !! Number !! Population (2011)<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=7|[[File:PortFitzquarter.png|150px]] || Central || 1 || 119,683<br />
|-<br />
| Chiratidzo || 6 || 339,812<br />
|-<br />
| Gungwajena || 4 || 351,011<br />
|-<br />
| Ivhudzvuku || 7 || 719,114<br />
|-<br />
| Marara || 5 || 691,857<br />
|-<br />
| Riversdale || 3 || 219,633<br />
|-<br />
| Southside || 2 || 418,577<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Population==<br />
[[File:Street_Scene_in_Daressalam_(15180804450).jpg|250px|thumb|left|A street scene in Central, Port Fitzhubert]]<br />
As of the 2011 census, Port Fitzhubert's population was at 2,859,687 people, while the population of Port Fitzhubert's metropolitan area was at 5,353,606 people, making Port Fitzhubert the largest city and metropolitan area in [[Rwizikuru]].<br />
<br />
Ethnically, Port Fitzhubert is the most diverse city in Rwizikuru, with the largest ethnic groups being the {{wp|Shona people|Rwizis}}, at 49.3% of the population, or 1,410,437 people, the {{wp|Sesotho people|Balisa}} at 15.7%, or 448,971 people, and the {{wp|Bemba people|Makomo}} at 10% of the population, or 285,969 people. Other major ethnic groups are the [[Randa people|Randa]], who make up 5% of the population, or 142,984 people, the [[Mirites]], who make up 3.4% of the population, or 97,383 people, the [[Freemen]], at 0.7% of the population, or 20,483 people, and the [[Murungu (Rwizikuru)|varungu]], who make up around 0.4% of the population, or 10,798 people. Around 10.5% of the population, or 299,678 belong to other Bahian ethnicities, predominantly immigrants from other [[Bahia|Bahian]] states and smaller ethnicities from across Rwizikuru. Finally, 5% of the population, or 142,984 people belong to other ethnic groups, such as Euclean {{wp|expatriates}} or Coians (predominantly [[Senria|Senrians]] and [[Ansan|Ansanese]]).<br />
<br />
Religiously, Port Fitzhubert is heavily [[Sotirianity|Sotirian]], with 71.9% of the population, or 2,054,793 people, adhering to any of the Sotirian sects. The predominant sects of Sotirianity are the [[Embrian Communion]], with 41.7% or 1,195,325 people, and the [[Solarian Catholic Church]], with 20.9% of the population, or 597,663 people, adhering to it. 9.2% of the population, or 261,805 people, follow other sects of Sotirianity, such as the [[Mirite Church]]. The next largest religion, [[Badi]], is followed by around 21.6% of the population, or 617,692 people.<br />
<br />
Of those who follow other religions, 4.6% of the population, or 133,383 people are irreligious, 0.7% of the population, or 18,399 people, follow [[Irfan]], and 1.2% of the population, or 35,420 people follow other religions, such as [[Tenkyou]].<br />
<br />
Linguistically, while the city is predominantly {{wp|Shona language|Rwizi}} and {{wp|English language|Estmerish}}-speaking (with [[Estuary Creole]] traditionally being spoken in the city until the 1970s as a {{wp|lingua franca}}), due to the high numbers of immigrants, {{wp|French language|Gaullican}} and {{wp|Sesotho language|Molisa}} are also considered official within the city, making Port Fitzhubert one of the few cities in Rwizikuru where it is officially quadrilingual.<br />
<br />
==Economy==<br />
[[File:Mzizima_Fish_Market_(34158122313).jpg|250px|thumb|right|A fish market in Southside, 2017]]<br />
As the largest city in [[Rwizikuru]], Port Fitzhubert is the country's foremost economic centre. Due to its size and location, Port Fitzhubert is home to Rwizikuru's financial sector, and much of the country's {{wp|service sector}}, with the Central quarter being renowned as a centre for shopping, with options of small businesses and {{wp|markets}} selling various wares. Hotels and resorts are common along the quarters of Central, Riversdale, and Gungwajena, as Port Fitzhubert is the main centre of Rwizikuran {{wp|tourism}}.<br />
<br />
Warehouses and industry are common in the Southside quarter (named after its position on the [[Petty Harbour, Rwizikuru|Petty Harbour]], as it is situated to the south of the harbour), with the [[Port of Port Fitzhubert]] being the largest cargo port in Rwizikuru, although the [[Port of Fangsu]] is set to overtake the Port of Port Fitzhubert within the next few decades.<br />
<br />
Since the start of the twenty-first century, Port Fitzhubert has undergone significant improvements to public transportation, with motorways being built to [[Vongai]] and [[Mangwende]], while a {{wp|bus rapid transit}} system has been established in 2005, with the lines now connecting all seven quarters of Port Fitzhubert. In addition, it is the primary hub for [[Rwizikuru Rail]], with it serving as the terminus for the [[Rusere-Port Fitzhubert railway|Rusere-Port Fitzhubert line]] and as a stop on the [[Coastal line, Rwizikuru|Coastal line]].<br />
<br />
Port Fitzhubert has some of the highest levels of {{wp|income inequality}} in Rwizikuru, with stark disparities in standards of living between the inner and outer quarters, with the outer quarters being significantly poorer than those in the inner quarters. In general, many denizens in Port Fitzhubert are twice as wealthy compared to those who live in regional centres like [[Port Graham]] or [[Munzwa]], and five times as wealthy compared to those who live in the Rwizikuran countryside, although it is estimated that 30-60% of the city's population lives below the {{wp|poverty line}} of $1.90.<br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
[[File:Tanzania_National_Main_Stadium_Aerial.jpg|250px|thumb|left|[[Izibongo Ngonidzashe National Stadium]], 2017]]<br />
Due to Port Fitzhubert's status as the largest city in [[Rwizikuru]], most of Rwizikuran art and culture is concentrated in Port Fitzhubert, particularly among the {{wp|Shona people|Rwizi}} and [[Freemen]] communities. <br />
<br />
Most publishing houses in Rwizikuru are based in Port Fitzhubert, with authors [[Tafadzwa Mubako]] and [[Nokutendaishe Mnkandla]] being denizens of Port Fitzhubert, while most music studios are overwhelmingly based in Port Fitzhubert. Film studios are concentrated in Port Fitzhubert: historically, the [[Royal Rwizikuran Film Studios]] was based in Port Fitzhubert, but after it was sold off in the 1990s, many smaller film studios, such as Trinity Films and {{wp|Wakaliwood|Samkange Film Productions}} have set up shop.<br />
<br />
The cuisine in Port Fitzhubert is influenced not just by [[Rwizikuru#Cuisine|Rwizikuran cuisine]], but also by foreign cuisines, due to the high presence of foreigners within the city. Since the 2000s, foods such as {{wp|sushi|susi}} and {{wp|curry}} have become popular {{wp|street foods}} within the city.<br />
<br />
Sporting-wise, virtually all of Rwizikuru's national teams and the most prestigious teams within the [[Rwizikuru Football League]], the [[Rwizikuran Rugby League]], and the [[Rwizikuran Cricket League]] all being based within Port Fitzhubert. The most important stadium is the [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe National Stadium]], which houses the [[Rwizikuru national football team]], and the [[Rwizikuran national rugby team]].<br />
<br />
Likewise, most media in Rwizikuru is concentrated in Port Fitzhubert, with the [[Rwizikuran Information Service|RIS]] being headquartered in Port Fitzhubert, as well as nineteen licensed private radio stations as of 2021, and the country's {{wp|newspaper of record}}, ''[[The Rwizikuran]]''. <br />
<br />
Historically, only the RIS was allowed to broadcast on radio and television, but since the 1990s, their monopoly was not legally enforced, which led to a spate of {{wp|pirate radio|unlicensed radio stations}}. The law was changed in 2019 to permit private radio and television stations to operate with no restrictions.<br />
<br />
==Sister cities==<br />
*{{flagicon|Garambura}} [[Mambiza]], [[Garambura]] (1945–1969, 1980–)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Cities in Rwizikuru]][[Category:Cities (Kylaris)]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=2024_electoral_calendar_(Kylaris)&diff=7491252024 electoral calendar (Kylaris)2024-01-03T23:06:27Z<p>Luziyca: /* April */</p>
<hr />
<div>This is a '''calendar of all national, subnational, and supranational elections''', including {{wp|Referendum|referendums}}, {{wp|Special election|special elections}}, and {{wp|By-election|by-elections}}, scheduled for 2024. <br />
=== January ===<br />
<br />
=== February ===<br />
*13 February: [[Champania]], [[National Congress of Champania|National Congress]], provincial and local governments<br />
<br />
=== March ===<br />
*22 March: [[Imagua and the Assimas]], [[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#Presidential election 20|President]], [[2024 Imaguan parliamentary election|Parliament]], county and local governments<br />
<br />
=== April ===<br />
*7 April: [[Rwizikuru]], [[National Assembly (Rwizikuru)|National Assembly]]<br />
<br />
=== May ===<br />
* TBD: [[Euclean Community]], [[2024 Euclean Parliament election|Parliament]]<br />
<br />
=== June ===<br />
<br />
=== July ===<br />
*30 July: [[Paretia]], [[2024 Paretian General Election|Senate]], assemblies of constituent kingdoms<br />
<br />
=== August ===<br />
<br />
*14 August: [[Tengaria]], [[Senate (Tengaria)|Chamber of Deputies]], prefectural and provincial governments<br />
<br />
=== September ===<br />
<br />
=== October ===<br />
<br />
=== November ===<br />
<br />
=== December ===<br />
<br />
== Indirect elections ==<br />
The following {{wp|Indirect election|indirect elections}} are scheduled to take place through votes in elected {{wp|Lower house|lower houses}}, {{wp|Unicameralism|unicameral legislatures}}, or {{wp|Electoral college|electoral colleges}}:<br />
*14 February: [[Champania]], [[Generalitat of Champania|Generalitat]]<br />
*21 August: [[Tengaria]], President<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Election day (Kylaris)|Election day]]<br />
<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Kylaris}}<br />
[[Category:Electoral calendars (Kylaris)]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=2024_electoral_calendar_(Kylaris)&diff=7491242024 electoral calendar (Kylaris)2024-01-03T23:06:17Z<p>Luziyca: /* April */</p>
<hr />
<div>This is a '''calendar of all national, subnational, and supranational elections''', including {{wp|Referendum|referendums}}, {{wp|Special election|special elections}}, and {{wp|By-election|by-elections}}, scheduled for 2024. <br />
=== January ===<br />
<br />
=== February ===<br />
*13 February: [[Champania]], [[National Congress of Champania|National Congress]], provincial and local governments<br />
<br />
=== March ===<br />
*22 March: [[Imagua and the Assimas]], [[Elections in Imagua and the Assimas#Presidential election 20|President]], [[2024 Imaguan parliamentary election|Parliament]], county and local governments<br />
<br />
=== April ===<br />
*7 April: [[National Assembly (Rwizikuru)|National Assembly]]<br />
<br />
=== May ===<br />
* TBD: [[Euclean Community]], [[2024 Euclean Parliament election|Parliament]]<br />
<br />
=== June ===<br />
<br />
=== July ===<br />
*30 July: [[Paretia]], [[2024 Paretian General Election|Senate]], assemblies of constituent kingdoms<br />
<br />
=== August ===<br />
<br />
*14 August: [[Tengaria]], [[Senate (Tengaria)|Chamber of Deputies]], prefectural and provincial governments<br />
<br />
=== September ===<br />
<br />
=== October ===<br />
<br />
=== November ===<br />
<br />
=== December ===<br />
<br />
== Indirect elections ==<br />
The following {{wp|Indirect election|indirect elections}} are scheduled to take place through votes in elected {{wp|Lower house|lower houses}}, {{wp|Unicameralism|unicameral legislatures}}, or {{wp|Electoral college|electoral colleges}}:<br />
*14 February: [[Champania]], [[Generalitat of Champania|Generalitat]]<br />
*21 August: [[Tengaria]], President<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Election day (Kylaris)|Election day]]<br />
<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Kylaris}}<br />
[[Category:Electoral calendars (Kylaris)]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_Surrow&diff=748162List of political parties in Surrow2023-12-31T04:40:27Z<p>Luziyca: /* Registered parties */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Registered parties==<br />
According to the ''[[Elections Act (Surrow)|Elections Act]]'', '''registered parties''' are political parties who are registered with the [[Surrowese Electoral Authority]]. In order to be registered as a political party with the Surrowese Electoral Authority, a political party must:<br />
<br />
*Have signatures of at least five hundred (500) voters across [[Surrow]] with a minimum of sixty (60) voters living in at least seven (7) constituencies, ''and''<br />
*Have nominated at least three (3) candidates across Surrow to the [[Parliament of Surrow|Surrowese Parliament]], with at least one (1) candidate living outside the [[Administrative divisions of Surrow|county or district]] where the party is headquartered, ''or''<br />
*Have held a seat in [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]] immediately prior to {{wp|dissolution of parliament}}, regardless of whether it has met the above requirements, ''or''<br />
*Has been in existence prior to the passage of the act, regardless of whether it met any of the above requirements<br />
<br />
If the criteria is met, the Surrowese Electoral Authority will register the party unless the name of the party is "liable to cause confusion" among voters.<br />
<br />
Official parties are entitled to have candidates display their party affiliation on the ballot, to incur expenses, receive and ask for contributions, to field candidates for national elections, and to be reimbursed for electoral expenses.<br />
<br />
===Represented parties===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! colspan="3" | Party<br />
! Abbr.<br />
! Ideology<br />
! {{wp|Political spectrum|Spectrum}}<br />
! First leader<br />
! Current leader<br />
! Year formed<br />
! [[Parliament of Surrow|MPs]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#354C9C"| <br />
| [[File:UPP_logo.png|50px]]<br />
| [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]]<br />
| UPP<br />
| {{wp|Conservatism}}<br>{{wp|Economic liberalism}}<br>[[Albrennia|Pro-Albrennianism]]<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
| [[Ted Fisher]]<br />
| [[Dwight Timbrell]]<br />
| 1934<br />
|{{Composition bar|45|68|hex=#354C9C}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#EA6D6A"| <br />
| [[File:ACTU_logo.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists (Surrow)|Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists]]<br />
| ACT<br />
| {{wp|Socialism}}<br>{{wp|Social democracy}}<br>{{wp|Social liberalism}}<br />
| {{wp|Leftism|Left}}<br />
| [[Ian Withers]]<br />
| [[Wyatt Martell]]<br />
| 1965<br />
|{{Composition bar|22|68|hex=#EA6D6A}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#2C5C46"| <br />
| [[File:Our_Surrow.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Our Surrow]]<br />
| OSU<br />
| {{wp|Liberalism}}<br>[[Albrennia|pro-Albrennian]]<br />
| {{wp|Centrism|Centre}}<br />
| [[Trevor Morrow]]<br />
| {{wp|Rick Mercer|Seth Fraser}}<br />
| 1998<br />
|{{Composition bar|1|68|hex=#2C5C46}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Parties not represented in Parliament===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! colspan="3" | Party<br />
! Abbr.<br />
! Ideology<br />
! {{wp|Political spectrum|Spectrum}}<br />
! First leader<br />
! Current leader<br />
! Year formed<br />
! [[Parliament of Surrow|MPs]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#00247D"| <br />
| [[File:Economic_Union_Party_of_Surrow.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Economic Union Party (Surrow)|Economic Union Party]]<br />
| EUP<br />
| [[Albrennia|Unification with Albrennia]]<br>{{wp|Libertarianism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
| [[Jim Anderson]]<br />
| [[Gavin Brockhouse]]<br />
| 1947<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|68|hex=#354C9C}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#68B74F"| <br />
| [[File:Green_Party_of_Surrow.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Green Party (Surrow)|Green Party]]<br />
| GPS<br />
| {{wp|Environmentalism}}<br>{{wp|Green politics}}<br />
| {{wp|Left politics|Left}}<br />
| [[Rhys Molson]]<br>[[Brenda Broberg]]<br />
| [[Alexander Douglas]]<br>[[Chelsea Lachner]]<br />
| 1996<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|68|hex=#68B74F}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#FFFF00"| <br />
| [[File:Finck's_For_The_Future.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Reg Finck's For The Future]]<br />
| RFF<br />
| {{wp|Personalism}}<br>{{wp|Social conservatism}}<br />
| {{wp|Right-wing politics|Right}}<br />
|colspan=2| [[Reg Finck]]<br />
| 2004<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|68|hex=#FFFF00}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#F5191A"| <br />
| [[File:Communist_Party_of_Surrow.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Surrowese Communist Party]]<br />
| SCP<br />
| {{wp|Communism}}<br>[[Albrennia|Anti-Albrennianism]]<br />
| {{wp|Far-left politics|Far-left}}<br />
| [[Lyle Green]]<br />
| [[Lois Merritt]]<br />
| 1927<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|68|hex=#F5191A}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Unregistered parties==<br />
===De-registered parties===<br />
The Surrowese Electoral Authority maintains a list of '''de-registered parties''' that were previously registered with the Surrowese Electoral Authority.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! colspan="2" | Party<br />
! Abbr.<br />
! Ideology<br />
! {{wp|Political spectrum|Spectrum}}<br />
! First leader<br />
! Last leader<br />
! Year formed<br />
! Year dissolved<br />
! [[Parliament of Surrow|MPs]] at peak<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#FFFF00"| <br />
| [[Alliance Party (Surow, 1969)|Alliance Party]]<br />
| ALP<br />
| {{wp|Anti-authoritarianism}}<br>{{wp|Progressive conservatism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
|colspan=2|[[Griffin Davidson]]<br />
| 1969<br />
| 1971<br />
|{{Composition bar|10|37|hex=#FFFF00}} (1970)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#DCDCDC"|<br />
| [[Anti-Merger Party (Surrow)|Anti-Merger Party]]<br />
| AMP<br />
| [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Counties|Maintenance of counties]]<br>{{wp|Conservatism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
|colspan=2| [[Catherine Johnson]]<br />
| 1992<br />
| 1993<br />
|{{Composition bar|5|45|hex=#DCDCDC}} (1992)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#DCDCDC"|<br />
| [[Anti-Resettlement Party (Surrow)|Anti-Resettlement Party]]<br />
| ARP<br />
| {{wp|Resettlement (Newfoundland)|Anti-resettlement}}<br>{{wp|Conservatism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
|colspan=2| [[Pascal Funten]]<br />
| 1974<br />
| 1977<br />
|{{Composition bar|3|41|hex=#DCDCDC}} (1975)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#00247D"| <br />
| {{nowrap|[[Fisherman's Protective Union (Surrow)|Fisherman's Protective Union]]}}<br />
| FPU<br />
| TBD<br />
| {{wp|Centre-left politics|Centre-left}} to {{wp|Centre-right politics|centre-right}}<br />
|[[Ian Huber]]<br />
|[[Roger Drexler]]<br />
| 1878<br />
| 1965<br />
|{{Composition bar|23|25|hex=#00247D}} (1931)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#FFC0CB"|<br />
| [[Independence League (Surrow)|Independence League]]<br />
| INL<br />
| [[Surrow|Surrowese independence]]<br />
| {{wp|Centre politics|Centrist}}<br />
| [[Irvin Long]]<br />
| [[Todd Lester]]<br />
| 1923<br />
| 1950<br />
|{{Composition bar|2|26|hex=#FFC0CB}} (1947)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#DCDCDC"|<br />
| [[New Deal for the People (Surrow)|New Deal for the People]]<br />
| NDP<br />
| {{wp|Personalism}}<br>{{wp|Conservatism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
|colspan=2| [[Doug Roth]]<br />
| 1985<br />
| 1988<br />
|{{Composition bar|1|45|hex=#DCDCDC}} (1986)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#FF0000"|<br />
| [[Nangiqpugut Utessit]]<br />
| NUT<br />
| {{wp|Democratic socialism}}<br>{{wp|Indigenous rights}}<br />
| {{wp|Left-wing politics|Left}}<br />
| [[Charles Aklack]]<br />
| [[Liuna Tingmiaq]]<br />
| 1979<br />
| 2011<br />
|{{Composition bar|1|41|hex=#FF0000}} (1980)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#DCDCDC"|<br />
| [[Northern Party (Surrow, 1949)|Northern Party (1949)]]<br />
| NPS<br />
| {{wp|Conservatism}}<br>[[Northland County|Maintaining Northland's status]]<br>{{wp|Personalism}}<br />
| {{wp|Right-wing politics|Right}}<br />
|colspan=2|[[Wes Anderson]]<br />
| 1949<br />
| 1961<br />
|{{Composition bar|1|30|hex=#DCDCDC}} (1950)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#3CB371"|<br />
| [[Northern Party (Surrow, 1971)|Northern Party (1971)]]<br />
| NPS<br />
| [[Northern Integration Scheme|Anti-Northern Integration]]<br>{{wp|Autonomism}}<br>{{wp|Indigenous rights}}<br />
| {{wp|Centrist politics|Centrist}}<br />
|colspan=2|[[Boyd Shields]]<br />
| 1971<br />
| 1983<br />
|{{Composition bar|1|41|hex=#3CB371}} (1971)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#CC6699"|<br />
| [[Perendist Heritage Party]]<br />
| PHP<br />
| {{wp|Social conservatism}}<br>[[Perendism|Perendist values]]<br>{{wp|Theocracy}}<br />
| {{wp|Far-right politics|Far-right}}<br />
| [[Trevor Fletcher]]<br />
| [[Josiah Fletcher]]<br />
| 1989<br />
| 2012<br />
|{{Composition bar|1|45|hex=#CC6699}} (1989)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#2C5C46"| <br />
| [[Surrowese Nationalist Party]]<br />
| SNP<br />
| {{wp|Anti-immigration}}<br>{{wp|Social conservatism}}<br>{{wp|Xenophobia}}<br />
| {{wp|Far-right politics|Far-right}}<br />
|colspan=2|[[Jason Piers]]<br />
| 1991<br />
| 2021<br />
|{{Composition bar|1|45|hex=#2C5C46}} (1991)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#052B61"|<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Tyrnican Party (Surrow)|Tyrnican Party]]}}<br />
| TYR<br />
| [[Tyrnica|Tyrnican interests]]<br />
| {{wp|Centre politics|Centrist}}<br />
| [[Daniel Kindle]]<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Leanne Aberbach]]}}<br />
| 1962<br />
| 2003<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|54|hex=#052B61}} (2003)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#7A3F3F"|<br />
| [[Unity Party (Surrow, 1941)|Unity Party (1941)]]<br />
| UPS<br />
| {{wp|Conservatism}}<br>[[Rythene|Unification with Rythene]]<br />
| {{wp|Right-wing politics|Right}}<br />
|colspan=2|[[Leonard Harmon]]<br />
| 1941<br />
| 1951<br />
|{{Composition bar|1|26|hex=#7A3F3F}} (1947)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#DCDCDC"|<br />
| [[Unity Party (Surrow, 2012)|Unity Party (2012)]]<br />
| UPS<br />
| {{wp|Progressive conservatism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centrist politics|Centrist}}<br />
|colspan=2| [[Stephen Haroldson]]<br />
| 2012<br />
| 2016<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|62|hex=#DCDCDC}} (2014)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#EA6D6A"| <br />
| [[Worker's Party (Surrow)|Worker's Party]]<br />
| WPS<br />
| {{wp|Trade unionism}}<br />
| {{wp|Left-wing politics|Left}}<br />
|{{nowrap|[[Conrad Tendler]]}}<br />
|[[Ian Withers]]<br />
| 1917<br />
| 1965<br />
|{{Composition bar|5|30|hex=#EA6D6A}} (1962)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Non-registered parties===<br />
The Surrowese Electoral Authority does not keep track of '''non-registered parties''', and candidates from non-registered parties are to be treated as {{wp|independent politicians}} for electoral purposes.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Politics of Surrow]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_Surrow&diff=748161List of political parties in Surrow2023-12-31T04:36:41Z<p>Luziyca: /* Represented parties */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Registered parties==<br />
According to the ''[[Elections Act (Surrow)|Elections Act]]'', '''registered parties''' are political parties who are registered with the [[Surrowese Electoral Authority]]. In order to be registered as a political party with the Surrowese Electoral Authority, a political party must:<br />
<br />
*Have signatures of at least five hundred (500) voters across [[Surrow]] with a minimum of sixty (60) voters living in at least seven (7) constituencies, ''and''<br />
*Have nominated at least three (3) candidates across Surrow to the [[Parliament of Surrow|Surrowese Parliament]], with at least one (1) candidate living outside the [[Administrative divisions of Surrow|county or district]] where the party is headquartered, ''or''<br />
*Have held a seat in [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]] immediately prior to {{wp|dissolution of parliament}}, regardless of whether it has met the above requirements, ''or''<br />
*Has been in existence prior to the passage of the act, regardless of whether it met any of the above requirements<br />
<br />
If the criteria is met, the Surrowese Electoral Authority will register the party unless the name of the party is "liable to cause confusion" among voters.<br />
<br />
Official parties are entitled to have candidates display their party affiliation on the ballot, to incur expenses, receive and ask for contributions, to field candidates for national elections, and to be reimbursed for electoral expenses.<br />
<br />
===Represented parties===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! colspan="3" | Party<br />
! Abbr.<br />
! Ideology<br />
! {{wp|Political spectrum|Spectrum}}<br />
! First leader<br />
! Current leader<br />
! Year formed<br />
! [[Parliament of Surrow|MPs]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#354C9C"| <br />
| [[File:UPP_logo.png|50px]]<br />
| [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]]<br />
| UPP<br />
| {{wp|Conservatism}}<br>{{wp|Economic liberalism}}<br>[[Albrennia|Pro-Albrennianism]]<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
| [[Ted Fisher]]<br />
| [[Dwight Timbrell]]<br />
| 1934<br />
|{{Composition bar|46|68|hex=#354C9C}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#EA6D6A"| <br />
| [[File:ACTU_logo.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists (Surrow)|Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists]]<br />
| ACT<br />
| {{wp|Socialism}}<br>{{wp|Social democracy}}<br>{{wp|Social liberalism}}<br />
| {{wp|Leftism|Left}}<br />
| [[Ian Withers]]<br />
| [[Wyatt Martell]]<br />
| 1965<br />
|{{Composition bar|21|68|hex=#EA6D6A}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#2C5C46"| <br />
| [[File:Our_Surrow.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Our Surrow]]<br />
| OSU<br />
| {{wp|Liberalism}}<br>[[Albrennia|pro-Albrennian]]<br />
| {{wp|Centrism|Centre}}<br />
| [[Trevor Morrow]]<br />
| {{wp|Rick Mercer|Seth Fraser}}<br />
| 1998<br />
|{{Composition bar|1|68|hex=#2C5C46}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Parties not represented in Parliament===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! colspan="3" | Party<br />
! Abbr.<br />
! Ideology<br />
! {{wp|Political spectrum|Spectrum}}<br />
! First leader<br />
! Current leader<br />
! Year formed<br />
! [[Parliament of Surrow|MPs]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#00247D"| <br />
| [[File:Economic_Union_Party_of_Surrow.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Economic Union Party (Surrow)|Economic Union Party]]<br />
| EUP<br />
| [[Albrennia|Unification with Albrennia]]<br>{{wp|Libertarianism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
| [[Jim Anderson]]<br />
| [[Gavin Brockhouse]]<br />
| 1947<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|66|hex=#354C9C}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#68B74F"| <br />
| [[File:Green_Party_of_Surrow.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Green Party (Surrow)|Green Party]]<br />
| GPS<br />
| {{wp|Environmentalism}}<br>{{wp|Green politics}}<br />
| {{wp|Left politics|Left}}<br />
| [[Rhys Molson]]<br>[[Brenda Broberg]]<br />
| [[Alexander Douglas]]<br>[[Chelsea Lachner]]<br />
| 1996<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|66|hex=#68B74F}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#FFFF00"| <br />
| [[File:Finck's_For_The_Future.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Reg Finck's For The Future]]<br />
| RFF<br />
| {{wp|Personalism}}<br>{{wp|Social conservatism}}<br />
| {{wp|Right-wing politics|Right}}<br />
|colspan=2| [[Reg Finck]]<br />
| 2004<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|66|hex=#FFFF00}}<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#F5191A"| <br />
| [[File:Communist_Party_of_Surrow.png|50px]]<br />
| [[Surrowese Communist Party]]<br />
| SCP<br />
| {{wp|Communism}}<br>[[Albrennia|Anti-Albrennianism]]<br />
| {{wp|Far-left politics|Far-left}}<br />
| [[Lyle Green]]<br />
| [[Lois Merritt]]<br />
| 1927<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|66|hex=#F5191A}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Unregistered parties==<br />
===De-registered parties===<br />
The Surrowese Electoral Authority maintains a list of '''de-registered parties''' that were previously registered with the Surrowese Electoral Authority.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! colspan="2" | Party<br />
! Abbr.<br />
! Ideology<br />
! {{wp|Political spectrum|Spectrum}}<br />
! First leader<br />
! Last leader<br />
! Year formed<br />
! Year dissolved<br />
! [[Parliament of Surrow|MPs]] at peak<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#FFFF00"| <br />
| [[Alliance Party (Surow, 1969)|Alliance Party]]<br />
| ALP<br />
| {{wp|Anti-authoritarianism}}<br>{{wp|Progressive conservatism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
|colspan=2|[[Griffin Davidson]]<br />
| 1969<br />
| 1971<br />
|{{Composition bar|10|37|hex=#FFFF00}} (1970)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#DCDCDC"|<br />
| [[Anti-Merger Party (Surrow)|Anti-Merger Party]]<br />
| AMP<br />
| [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Counties|Maintenance of counties]]<br>{{wp|Conservatism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
|colspan=2| [[Catherine Johnson]]<br />
| 1992<br />
| 1993<br />
|{{Composition bar|5|45|hex=#DCDCDC}} (1992)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#DCDCDC"|<br />
| [[Anti-Resettlement Party (Surrow)|Anti-Resettlement Party]]<br />
| ARP<br />
| {{wp|Resettlement (Newfoundland)|Anti-resettlement}}<br>{{wp|Conservatism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
|colspan=2| [[Pascal Funten]]<br />
| 1974<br />
| 1977<br />
|{{Composition bar|3|41|hex=#DCDCDC}} (1975)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#00247D"| <br />
| {{nowrap|[[Fisherman's Protective Union (Surrow)|Fisherman's Protective Union]]}}<br />
| FPU<br />
| TBD<br />
| {{wp|Centre-left politics|Centre-left}} to {{wp|Centre-right politics|centre-right}}<br />
|[[Ian Huber]]<br />
|[[Roger Drexler]]<br />
| 1878<br />
| 1965<br />
|{{Composition bar|23|25|hex=#00247D}} (1931)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#FFC0CB"|<br />
| [[Independence League (Surrow)|Independence League]]<br />
| INL<br />
| [[Surrow|Surrowese independence]]<br />
| {{wp|Centre politics|Centrist}}<br />
| [[Irvin Long]]<br />
| [[Todd Lester]]<br />
| 1923<br />
| 1950<br />
|{{Composition bar|2|26|hex=#FFC0CB}} (1947)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#DCDCDC"|<br />
| [[New Deal for the People (Surrow)|New Deal for the People]]<br />
| NDP<br />
| {{wp|Personalism}}<br>{{wp|Conservatism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}<br />
|colspan=2| [[Doug Roth]]<br />
| 1985<br />
| 1988<br />
|{{Composition bar|1|45|hex=#DCDCDC}} (1986)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#FF0000"|<br />
| [[Nangiqpugut Utessit]]<br />
| NUT<br />
| {{wp|Democratic socialism}}<br>{{wp|Indigenous rights}}<br />
| {{wp|Left-wing politics|Left}}<br />
| [[Charles Aklack]]<br />
| [[Liuna Tingmiaq]]<br />
| 1979<br />
| 2011<br />
|{{Composition bar|1|41|hex=#FF0000}} (1980)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#DCDCDC"|<br />
| [[Northern Party (Surrow, 1949)|Northern Party (1949)]]<br />
| NPS<br />
| {{wp|Conservatism}}<br>[[Northland County|Maintaining Northland's status]]<br>{{wp|Personalism}}<br />
| {{wp|Right-wing politics|Right}}<br />
|colspan=2|[[Wes Anderson]]<br />
| 1949<br />
| 1961<br />
|{{Composition bar|1|30|hex=#DCDCDC}} (1950)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#3CB371"|<br />
| [[Northern Party (Surrow, 1971)|Northern Party (1971)]]<br />
| NPS<br />
| [[Northern Integration Scheme|Anti-Northern Integration]]<br>{{wp|Autonomism}}<br>{{wp|Indigenous rights}}<br />
| {{wp|Centrist politics|Centrist}}<br />
|colspan=2|[[Boyd Shields]]<br />
| 1971<br />
| 1983<br />
|{{Composition bar|1|41|hex=#3CB371}} (1971)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#CC6699"|<br />
| [[Perendist Heritage Party]]<br />
| PHP<br />
| {{wp|Social conservatism}}<br>[[Perendism|Perendist values]]<br>{{wp|Theocracy}}<br />
| {{wp|Far-right politics|Far-right}}<br />
| [[Trevor Fletcher]]<br />
| [[Josiah Fletcher]]<br />
| 1989<br />
| 2012<br />
|{{Composition bar|1|45|hex=#CC6699}} (1989)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#2C5C46"| <br />
| [[Surrowese Nationalist Party]]<br />
| SNP<br />
| {{wp|Anti-immigration}}<br>{{wp|Social conservatism}}<br>{{wp|Xenophobia}}<br />
| {{wp|Far-right politics|Far-right}}<br />
|colspan=2|[[Jason Piers]]<br />
| 1991<br />
| 2021<br />
|{{Composition bar|1|45|hex=#2C5C46}} (1991)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#052B61"|<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Tyrnican Party (Surrow)|Tyrnican Party]]}}<br />
| TYR<br />
| [[Tyrnica|Tyrnican interests]]<br />
| {{wp|Centre politics|Centrist}}<br />
| [[Daniel Kindle]]<br />
| {{nowrap|[[Leanne Aberbach]]}}<br />
| 1962<br />
| 2003<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|54|hex=#052B61}} (2003)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#7A3F3F"|<br />
| [[Unity Party (Surrow, 1941)|Unity Party (1941)]]<br />
| UPS<br />
| {{wp|Conservatism}}<br>[[Rythene|Unification with Rythene]]<br />
| {{wp|Right-wing politics|Right}}<br />
|colspan=2|[[Leonard Harmon]]<br />
| 1941<br />
| 1951<br />
|{{Composition bar|1|26|hex=#7A3F3F}} (1947)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#DCDCDC"|<br />
| [[Unity Party (Surrow, 2012)|Unity Party (2012)]]<br />
| UPS<br />
| {{wp|Progressive conservatism}}<br />
| {{wp|Centrist politics|Centrist}}<br />
|colspan=2| [[Stephen Haroldson]]<br />
| 2012<br />
| 2016<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|62|hex=#DCDCDC}} (2014)<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#EA6D6A"| <br />
| [[Worker's Party (Surrow)|Worker's Party]]<br />
| WPS<br />
| {{wp|Trade unionism}}<br />
| {{wp|Left-wing politics|Left}}<br />
|{{nowrap|[[Conrad Tendler]]}}<br />
|[[Ian Withers]]<br />
| 1917<br />
| 1965<br />
|{{Composition bar|5|30|hex=#EA6D6A}} (1962)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Non-registered parties===<br />
The Surrowese Electoral Authority does not keep track of '''non-registered parties''', and candidates from non-registered parties are to be treated as {{wp|independent politicians}} for electoral purposes.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Politics of Surrow]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Surrow&diff=748160Parliament of Surrow2023-12-31T04:30:07Z<p>Luziyca: /* Distribution */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{WIP}}<br />
{{Infobox legislature<br />
| name = Parliament of Surrow<br />
| native_name =<br />
| legislature = <br />
| coa_pic = SurrowParliament.png<br />
| coa_res = 180px<br />
| session_room = Confederation_Building_(front),_St._John's,_Newfoundland,_Canada.jpg<br />
| session_res = 250px<br />
| house_type = Unicameral<br />
| houses = Parliament<br />
| leader1_type = {{wp|Speaker}}<br />
| leader1 = [[Gerald Peterson]]<br />
| members = 66<br />
| house1 = Parliament<br />
| structure2 = Surrow_hemicycle.png<br />
| structure2_res = 230px<br />
| political_groups1 = {{colorbox|#354C9C}} [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People]] (44)<br />{{colorbox|#EA6D6A}} [[Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists (Surrow)|ACTU]] (21)<br />{{nowrap|{{colorbox|#2C5C46}} [[Our Surrow]] (1)}}<br />
| last_election2 = 23 November, 2018<br />
| voting_system2 = {{wp|First past the post}}<br />
| meeting_place = [[Parliament House, Holcot Inlet|Parliament House]], [[Holcot Inlet]]<br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
The '''Parliament of Surrow''' ({{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}}: ''Apatishumamuitun Utessit'', {{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''Nunagijatta maligaliurvigjuangani'') is the {{wp|legislative branch}} of [[Surrow]], comprising of 66 seats. The current legislature was created in 1950 following Surrow's independence from [[Rythene]], with Parliament being a {{wp|unicameral}} legislature. The Parliament of Surrow meets at [[Parliament House, Holcot Inlet|Parliament House]] in [[Holcot Inlet]], having done so since 1969.<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Per the ''[[Constitution of Surrow]]'', each Member of Parliament must represent between 3,000 and 3,500 people, although each [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Counties|county]] and [[Administrative divisions of Surrow#Districts|district]] must be represented by a minimum of one seat.<br />
<br />
Since 1969, Parliament can set differing quotients for different countries below a certain population threshold in order to guarantee that the interests of Surrow outside of Southland County (and [[Holcot Inlet]] in particular) can be represented more effectively.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Administrative divisions !! Seats !! Quotient<br />
|-<br />
| [[Disappointment County]] || 6 || 262.5<br />
|-<br />
| [[Iqittiniq District]] || 1 || 662<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kikik County]] || 2 || 134<br />
|-<br />
| [[Southland County]] || 38 || 3,261.77<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stoney County]] || 10 || 3,261.77<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tuckamore County]] || 10 || 1,511<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ukiuqtaqtuq District]] || 1 || 427<br />
|-<br />
! Total !! 68 !! 2,522.79412<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Politics of Surrow]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Surrow&diff=748159Surrow2023-12-31T04:15:03Z<p>Luziyca: /* Cuisine */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{WIP}}<br />
{{Region icon Levilion}}<br />
{{Infobox country<br />
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Surrow<br />
|native_name = {{small|''Tipenimeumitshetinan Utessit'' ({{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}})}}<br>{{small|{{nowrap|''Nunagijatta Saqqitaukkannirninga'' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}})}}}}<br />
|image_map = Surrow_map.png<br />
|map_width = 275px<br />
|map_caption = <big>Map of Surrow (green)</big><br />
|common_name = Surrow<br />
|image_coat = Surrow_CoA.png<br />
|symbol_type = [[Coat of arms of Surrow|Coat of arms]]<br />
|image_flag = Surrow_Flag.png<br />
|flag_type = [[Flag of Surrow|Flag]]<br />
|national_motto = ''Munus splendidum mox explebitur''<br>{{small|''Our splendid task will soon be fulfilled''}}<br />
|national_anthem = [[O Plough of the Heavens]]<br>[[File:MediaPlayer.png|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdGxE2fQMVQ]]<br />
|capital = [[Holcot Inlet]]<br />
|largest_city = [[Holcot Inlet]]<br />
|official_languages = {{wp|English language|Rythenean}}<br />
|regional_languages = {{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}}<br>{{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}<br />
|ethnic_groups = Auressian-Surrowese (90.8%)<br>Other (9.2%)<br />
|ethnic_groups_year = 2021<br />
|religion = [[Perendism]] (89.4%)<br>{{wp|Irreligion}} (10%)<br>Other (0.6%)<br />
|religion_year = 2021<br />
|demonym = Surrowese<br />
|government_type = {{wp|Unitary state|Unitary}} {{wp|parliamentary republic with an executive presidency}}<br />
|leader_title1 = [[President of Surrow|President]]<br />
|leader_name1 = [[Dwight Timbrell]]<br />
|sovereignty_type = Independence<br />
|established_event1 = From [[Rythene]]<br />
|established_date1 = June 24, 1950<br />
|area_km2 = 28,188.84<br />
|area_sq_mi = <br />
|population_census = 171,550<br />
|population_census_year = 2021<br />
|population_density_km2 = 6.09<br />
|GDP_PPP = $5,498,005,950<br />
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $32,049<br />
|GDP_nominal = $9,378,981,600<br />
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $54,672<br />
|Gini = 30.6<br />
|Gini_year = 2021<br />
|HDI = 0.894<br />
|HDI_year = 2021<br />
|currency = [[Albrennian guilder]]<br />
|currency_code = ALG<br />
|time_zone = -4<br />
|time_zone_DST = <br />
|date_format =dd-mm-yyyy<br />
|drives_on =right<br />
|cctld =[[.sw]]<br />
|iso3166code =SW<br />
|calling_code =TBD<br />
}}<br />
'''Surrow''' is a country located in northeastern [[Maurceania Major]], and is the second northernmost country in the world after [[Pelemia]]. Situated on the Surrowese archipelago between the [[Breuvician Ocean]] to the west and north, [[Rowland Bay]] to the south and east, it shares maritime borders with TBA to the south via the [[Talbot Strait]]. Sixty-four percent of the country's population lives in the capital city, [[Holcot Inlet]], making it by far the {{wp|primate city}} in the country.<br />
<br />
Prior to colonisation, Surrow was inhabited by {{wp|Indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous peoples}}, beginning from around 3000 {{wp|Before Present|BP}}: at the time of colonisation, the Surrowese archipelago was inhabited by {{wp|Innu people|Chequan}} and {{wp|Inuit|Itchalnu}}. However, after [[Avery Holcot]] discovered the archipelago in 1486, and noted that its waters were abundant with fish, Auressian nations sought to rule over the archipelago, with the two most prominent ones being [[Rythene]] and [[Tyrnica]]. Competition between the two countries over the Surrowese archipelago and its abundant fishing grounds would last until the end of the [[Eleven Years War]] in 1759 between Rythene and Tyrnica, which concluded with Rythene assuming sole control over the archipelago.<br />
<br />
During the [[Great Upheaval]], Surrow was neglected by the Rytheneans, which led to the beginning of Surrowese self-government. Although after the Great Upheaval, Rythenean control was restored, the Surrowese would desire a greater say in their affairs, and would chafe under continued Rythenean rule. Despite this, Surrow would maintain its position as part of the [[Rythenean Empire]] until it gained independence in 1950.<br />
<br />
In 1951, {{wp|palladium}} was discovered on [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]], leading to increased interest in the Surrowese archipelago by [[General Armaments]]. This led to substantial economic investment, with the [[Tulaktarvik mine]] becoming the primary economic engine of Surrow, especially after the {{wp|cod fisheries}} in Surrow began to decline. Today, Surrow is a part of the [[Albrennia#The Invisible Empire|invisible empire]], with Surrow maintaining good relations with the invisible empire and the [[Commonwealth of Northern Auressia]], and is a full member of the [[Assembly of Marceaunian States]].<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The name '''Surrow''' comes from the {{wp|French language|Principean}} phrase ''Îles sur la baie de Rowland'', meaning ''islands over the [[Rowland Bay]]''. The phrase first appears on a map published by (some Principean dude) in 1498, with the phrase being shortened into the Principean ''Îles Surro'' by 1539. The Rythenean form ''Surrow'' would first appear in 1547, although ''Surro'' was also common in Rythenean until the early 19th century when Rythenean spelling standardised into Surrow.<br />
<br />
In the indigenous languages spoken on Surrow, the {{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}} word for Surrow is '''Nunagijavut''', meaning ''our country'', while the {{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}} word for Surrow is '''Utessit''', which means ''on this land here''.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Pre-colonisation===<br />
[[File:Ours_nageant_(Musée_du_quai_Branly)_(3034045389).jpg|250px|thumb|right|Armin carving of a polar bear]]<br />
The first humans arrived on [[Holcot Island]] around 3,000 years {{wp|Before Present|BP}} from mainland [[Maurceania Major]], marking the beginning of human habitation of the Surrowese archipelago. The earliest inhabitants of the archipelago were known as the {{wp|Pre-Dorset|Pre-Armin culture}}, with the Pre-Armin culture spreading to [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] and [[Kikik Island]] by 2,000 years before present. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Pre-Armin culture had stone tools, lived in settlements no larger than 50 people, and subsisted primarily on land mammals.<br />
<br />
Beginning around 500 BCE, the {{wp|Dorset culture|Armin culture}} emerged in Holcot Island. Unlike the Pre-Armin culture, the Armin culture lived in settlements ranging from 100 to 200 people, subsisted on sea mammals and fish, and made many miniature stone carvings, suggesting that the Armin were {{wp|shamanism|shamanist}}. The Armin would spread into Great Island and Kikik Island by around 50 CE, although some Pre-Armin artefacts can continue to be found as late as 500 CE.<br />
<br />
By around 500 CE, the {{wp|Thule people|proto-Itchalnu}} arrived on Holcot Island, and would spread across the archipelago by 600 CE, although Armin artefacts can continue to be found as late as 1400 CE. The proto-Itchalnu had larger boats, and more advanced stone tools than either the pre-Armin or Armin cultures, and relied almost entirely on sea mammals, such as whales, and later, fish, to survive in the Surrowese archipelago. Proto-Itchalnu settlements ranged in size from 100 to 600 people. By around 1000 CE, regional variations began to emerge among the proto-Itchalnu, and by the time of the discovery of the Surrowese archipelago by Auressians, the proto-Itchalnu became the {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}}.<br />
<br />
Around 1300 CE, a branch of the {{wp|Cree people|Ayisiyinowak}} from present-day [[Rosalia]] migrated to Holcot Island, where they would settle and become the ancestors of the {{wp|Innu people|Chequan}}. Unlike the proto-Itchalnu who lived on Holcot Island, the Chequan relied more on land mammals and plants than marine life, and the Chequan's artefacts were closer to the Ayisiyinowak than the Itchalnu. Furthermore, while the Chequan traded with the Itchanlu and neighbouring peoples on mainland Maurceania Major, the Chequan never established permanent settlements on Great Island and Kikik Island.<br />
<br />
===Auressian settlement===<br />
[[File:Vue_de_la_descente_a_Terre_Neuve_par_le_chevalier_de_Ternay_en_1762.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Perspective view of the [[Battle of Klinerhaven]], 1758]]<br />
Although it is speculated that earlier explorers who used the [[Sherborn Loop]] from the time [[Rufus Albren]] discovered [[Albrennia]] in 1460 may have sighted the Surrowese archipelago, the first comfirmed [[Auressia|Auressian]] to sight and to land on the Surrowese archipelago was [[Avery Holcot]] in 1486, when he landed on [[Holcot Island]]. Avery Holcot noted the existence of a "great harbour" in what is today [[Holcot Inlet]] that was excellent for "wintering over." [[Kikik Island]] was discovered by [[Josias Broughton]] in 1511, and [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] was discovered by [[Konrad Vorgrimler]] in 1554.<br />
<br />
From the early 1490s onward, fishermen from Auressia began flocking to the Surrowese Archipelago, attracted to the rich fishing grounds that surrounded it. Most of the fishermen came from [[Rythene]] and [[Tyrnica]], who over the next century would increase their presence in the archipelago: by 1563, Rythene established its first permanent settlement at present-day Holcot Inlet, with Tyrnica establishing its first permanent settlement, [[Klinerhaven|Kleinerhafen]], in 1568 at the present-day Holcot Inlet neighbourhood of [[Klinerhaven]].<br />
<br />
By the seventeenth century, both Rythene and Tyrnica had permanent settlements scattered throughout the Surrowese archipelago, although only three settlements: Holcot Inlet, Kleinerhafen, and [[Tern Harbour|Týrhafen]] (present-day [[Tern Harbour]]) had a permanent year-round population of more than 50 people, with the rest being little more than {{wp|Fishing stage|fishing stages}} with a couple of houses near the fishing stage. The close presence of Rythenean and Tyrnican settlements in the archipelago led to growing conflict between fishermen, and to skirmishes between settlements.<br />
<br />
When the [[Eleven Years War (Levilion)|Eleven Years War]] broke out in 1748, Tyrnica took full control of the archipelago in the [[Battle of Holcot Inlet (1750)|first Battle of Holcot Inlet]] in 1750. However, Rytheneans were able to retake Holcot Inlet in 1758 with the [[Battle of Holcot Inlet (1758)|second Battle of Holcot Inlet]], and then defeated the Tyrnicans at the [[Battle of Klinerhaven]] that same year, permanently ending Tyrnican rule over the Surrowese archipelago, and placing the archipelago under full Rythenean control.<br />
<br />
===Rythenean rule===<br />
[[File:Le_Tour_du_monde-07-p412.jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[Holcot Inlet]], 1863]]<br />
In the aftermath of the Eleven Years War, Surrow's population grew as Rythene now had exclusive control over the archipelago. This led to an influx of fishermen moving to the archipelago from Rythene, which helped increase the profitability of the islands' fishing industry. However, its distance from Rythene meant that the colonial government had relatively free rein over day-to-day administration: by 1790, the Surrowese population had reached a year-round of population of around 5,000 people.<br />
<br />
During the [[Rythenean Revolution]] and the [[Great Upheaval (Levilion)|Great Upheaval]], the colonial government effectively functioned as an independent state, with Governor [[Constant Sample]] leading Surrow from 1789 until his death in 1811. During the 1790s and 1800s, Surrow increased its ties with [[Albrennia]], with some Surrowese political figures during the Great Upheaval, such as [[Abraham Suitor]], advocating for Surrow to become part of Albrennia. However, Governor Sample and his successor, [[Salmon Edmundson]], managed to maintain Surrow's colonial institutions and its relative independence.<br />
<br />
In 1816, with the Congress of Vedayen allowing Rythene to maintain control over the Surrowese archipelago, Governor Edmundson was replaced by [[Phineas Whitelock]] under the orders of King John VII. As Governor, Whitelock faced significant challenges in his attempts to "restore law and order" to the archipelago as people like [[Frank Altermann]] and [[Robert Stalsworth]] advocated for increased autonomy within Rythene. In addition, the de-jure independence of Albrennia led to the emergence of smuggling as merchants smuggled goods from Albrennia into Surrow, which led to tensions against Whitelock's rule.<br />
<br />
Following the [[Second Rythenean Revolution]] in 1824, Whitelock was dismissed in 1825, and was succeeded as Governor by [[Abner Stedman]]. Stedman, although sympathetic to calls for self-government, did not believe Surrow had "the population needed to form a sustainable government." However, to placate Altermann and Stalsworth's movement, Stedman established a [[Legislative Council (Surrow)|Legislative Council]] in 1829 that would "advise the Governor on issues facing the island." While the Legislative Council initially had very little power compared to the Governor, by the mid-19th century, the Legislative Council gained powers over the budget, education, road maintenance, and day-to-day governance as successive Governors deferred to the Legislative Council.<br />
<br />
However, as the power of merchants grew, fishermen led by [[Ian Huber]] formed the [[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|Fishermen's Protective Union]] in 1878 to challenge the power of the merchants and to advocate for better conditions among the fishermen. During the 1880s, the FPU would grow as many fishermen, particularly in the {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} wanted to reform Surrowese society: by the late 1880s, despite accusations that one of its members caused the [[Great Fire of 1886 (Holcot Inlet)|Great Fire of 1886]] that destroyed Holcot Inlet's central business district, the FPU became a significant political force as it advocated for greater autonomy in Surrow and for establishing stores to bypass merchant-controlled stores in the outports. It would continue growing in strength throughout the 1890s, leading to tensions between the colonial government and the FPU.<br />
<br />
During the [[First Great War (Levilion)|First Great War]], Surrow saw almost no fighting, although its fisheries helped supply the Coalition's food supply, soldiers from Surow were deployed to fight in [[Auressia]] against the Tyrnicans, and [[Surrowese Tyrnican]] was cracked down due to its association with Tyrnica, leading to the dialect entering an irreversible decline. Thus, in 1915, following the end of the war, Surrow was granted significant autonomy by the Rythenean government, with the Rythenean government maintaining control over foreign policy, defence, and monetary and trade policies.<br />
<br />
Thus, in the 1915 elections, the FPU, led by [[Clarence Bradley]], became the first democratically-elected government. Under Bradley's premiership, Bradley introduced a basic form of welfare, began investing in roads to connect communities on Holcot Island, and curtailed the powers of the merchants by introducing a minimum wage and establishing regulations on pricing, leading to his re-election in 1919, 1923, 1927, and 1931. However, after Bradley died in 1932, the FPU was succeeded by [[Eddie Hammond]]. Hammond sought to greatly reform the fisheries to end the power of the merchants, leading to apprehension among the party right, led by [[Ted Fisher]].<br />
<br />
In 1934, after significant infighting between Hammond and Fisher, Fisher and six MPs created the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]]. With many in the FPU blaming Hammond for the split, Hammond was removed as Prime Minister later that year, and was replaced with [[Gilbert Bray]]. Bray attempted a more moderate course than Hammond and to bring Fisher back into the fold, but it was seen as "too little, too late." In the 1935 elections, Bray was defeated by Ted Fisher, who formed a majority government.<br />
<br />
Under Ted Fisher's premiership, he engaged in compromise with the merchants, with Fisher reversing Hammond's reforms to the fisheries, while ensuring that fishermen would be able to buy their equipment at a fare price. Fisher also heavily invested in the outports, with schools and clinics being built during this time, and during the [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]], an [[Surrow International Airport|international airport]] north of Holcot Inlet in what is today [[Gateway, Surrow|Gateway]]. This enabled Fisher to be re-elected with increasing majorities in 1939, 1943, and 1947.<br />
<br />
In the war's aftermath, Rythene was no longer able to support its colonial empire. This, combined with growing calls for full independence by Surrowese led to Fisher negotiating Surrowese independence from Rythene, leading to Surrow becoming an independent republic on 24 June, 1950.<br />
<br />
===Independence===<br />
[[File:ST._JOHN'S_FROM_SIGNAL_HILL,_30TH_JULY_2002_Port_Hope_Simpson_Off_The_Beaten_Path_Llewelyn_Pritchard.jpg|250px|thumb|left|View of [[Holcot Inlet]], 2002]]<br />
Shortly after Surrowese independence, {{wp|palladium}} was discovered near [[Tulaktarvik|Stoney Harbour]] (present-day [[Tulaktarvik]]) in 1951 by [[General Armaments]] prospectors. The discovery of palladium led to concerns by the Surrowese government that it lacked full control over [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]], leading to [[President of Surrow|President]] Ted Fisher instituting the [[Northern Integration Scheme]] in 1953, which would settle Itchalnu into "modern settlements" along the coast of Great Island, with the intention of assimilating the Itchalnu population into the "Surrowese body politic" and to assert Surrowese control over Great Island.<br />
<br />
The discovery of palladium and the growing influence of General Armaments would lead to an economic boom in the 1950s and 1960s, causing the standard of living to rise for most Surrowese. Palladium would overtake cod as Surrow's largest export in 1962, and by the late 1960s, the service sector began to develop on Surrow as Surrowese had more disposable income. However, Ted Fisher's rule over Surrow was challenged by factions inside the United People's Party, and by the [[Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists]], which was formed in 1965 by a merger of the Fisherman's Protection Union and the [[Worker's Party (Surrow)|Worker's Party]], due to Fisher's perceived autocratic nature.<br />
<br />
In the [[Elections of Surrow#1970|1970 elections]], although the United People's Party was the largest party in Parliament, the Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists and the [[Alliance Party (Surrow, 1969)|Alliance Party]] would form a {{wp|coalition government}}, allowing for [[Ian Withers]] to become Surrow's second President. However, the coalition fell apart due to ideological differences, and due to Ted Fisher being forced out of the leadership of the United People's Party, leading to the United People's Party forming government again in 1971 under the leadership of [[Isaac Rosenhain]].<br />
<br />
Roseinhain's presidency was marked by a concerted effort to relocate people from the {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} to more centralised towns like [[Gateway, Surrow|Gateway]]. Although this program was relatively uncontroversial on Great Island, it was very controversial on Holcot and Kikik Islands, leading to Rosenhain being forced out in a {{wp|caucus revolt}} in 1976, and to [[Griffin Davidson]] becoming President. In 1978, Davidson would declare the Northern Integration Scheme completed, saying that it had "accomplished its aims at integrating Great Island into Surrow." Davidson resigned in 1982, and was succeeded as President by [[Deacon Parker]], who instituted the first economic diversification program in 1984 during an economic downturn in order to reduce Surrow's dependency on the fisheries and on palladium mining. Parker would serve as President until his death in 1987 in a boating accident, leading to [[Gordon Hoffman]] serving as Acting President before [[Michael Chambers]] won the UPP nomination.<br />
<br />
While Chambers continued Parker's economic diversification policies, his proposals in 1992 to reform Surrow's administrative divisions into a set of regions led to significant opposition, with five UPP MPs forming the [[Anti-Merger Party (Surrow)|Anti-Merger Party]], and to Chambers' own ouster in 1993. [[Trevor Morrow]] would succeed Chambers, but Morrow was seen as being too leftist for the UPP, leading to Morrow's ouster in 1995, with [[Edgar Stirner]] becoming President.<br />
<br />
Stirner's presidency would be marked by "common sense reforms" which vastly "simplified the tax system" to a {{wp|flat tax}} of 3%, reduced regulations, and reformed the welfare system to encourage "personal responsibility," as well as an investment into Surrow's transportation network. However, Stirner's turn to the right led to Morrow splitting from the United People's Party in 1998 to create [[Our Surrow]]. After being re-elected in 1999, Stirner would retire in 2003, and was succeeded by his deputy, [[Damian Shirley]]. Shirley was seen as a moderate, and would strike a balanced path between Stirner and Morrow. After being re-elected in 2007, Shirley would retire in 2011.<br />
<br />
Shirley's successor, [[Felicity Irving]], was the first woman to be President of Surrow. Although initially continuing Shirley's policies, by 2013, Irving would begin instituting {{wp|socially conservative}} policies, which would lead to another caucus revolt in 2014 that saw [[Charles Menton]] become President. Menton would call a snap election, but was defeated by the ACTU, who for the first time would be the largest party in Parliament. However, ACTU lacked a majority, forcing it to form a coalition with Our Surrow.<br />
<br />
Under the presidency of [[Wyatt Martel]], he would create a "strong welfare state" in Withers' vision, and would focus his efforts on improving relations with the [[Native Surrowese]]. In 2015, he would apologize for the Northern Integration Scheme, and would designate {{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}} and {{wp|Inkutitut|Itchalnu}} as recognised languages in 2016. However, Martel would become unpopular as he was seen as an incompetent President, and in 2018, the ACTU-Our Surrow coalition would lose power, with [[Dwight Timbrell]] becoming President of Surrow.<br />
<br />
Timbrell's Presidency has been marked by efforts to diversify the Surrowese economy away from mining and fishing, for reducing access to Martel's welfare state, and to reduce the prominence of indigenous languages in Surrow that had been implemented under his predecessor. In 2022, Timbrell was re-elected for a second term.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[File:Stuffed_Newfoundland_wolf.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A stuffed {{wp|Newfoundland wolf|Surrowese wolf}} at the [[Surrowese Museum of Natural Science]], 2014]]<br />
Surrow is situated on the Surrowese archipelago, comprising of three islands: from south to north, the three islands are [[Holcot Island]] ({{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}}: ''Tshiuanakau''), [[Kikik Island]] ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''Qikiqtakuluk''), and [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''Qikiqtarjuaq''). The islands are rocky and hilly, with both Great Island and Kikik Island lacking trees. However, Holcot Island has some scattered forests, particularly south of the {{wp|Arctic Circle|Breuvician Circle}}, in protected inlets.<br />
<br />
The largest island, Great Island, is the second most populous island in the archipelago, despite its size, with 32,235 living on the island as of the 2021 census. Due to the harsh geography, extensive {{wp|permafrost}}, and lack of tree cover, Great Island is predominantly {{wp|tundra}}, with animals inhabiting Great Island including {{wp|polar bears}}. Like Holcot Island, the interior of Great Island is dominated by the [[Kakayit Mountains]], with it being home to the 2,147 metre high [[Pingasut Najangit]] (known as [[Pingasut Najangit|Mount Mortan]] until 2017), the highest point in all of Surrow. Pingasut Najangit is located in [[Stoney County]].<br />
<br />
Holcot Island is the most populous island in the Surrowese archipelago, despite it only being the second-largest island in the archipelago, as it is the only portion of the Surrowese archipelago with areas below the Breuvician Circle. As of the 2021 census, 139,047 lived on Holcot Island. Much of the interior regions of Holcot Inlet is dominated by the [[Elser Hills]], with the highest point in the range being [[Mount Takutat]], at 814 metres above sea level and located on the tripoint between [[Bodmer County]], [[Disappointment County]], and [[Grafton County]]. The Elser Hills mean that while tundra is prevalent to the north and the west of the island, in the eastern and southern regions of Holcot Island, a {{wp|boreal forest}} can exist on the island. This forest has traditionally supported numerous fauna, including the national animal of Surrow, the {{wp|Newfoundland wolf|Surrowese wolf}}, which went extinct in 1911.<br />
<br />
Finally, the smallest island, Kikik Island, is similar to Great Island in terms of climate, biome, and environment, although due to Kikik Island's small size, there is only a single mountain, known as [[Lombelon Hill]], rising to only 125 metres above sea level.<br />
<br />
<center><gallery><br />
Lumsden,_Newfoundland.jpg|[[Apitumiss Beach]] in [[Apitumiss]]<br />
Shoal_Bay.jpg|[[Chequan Cliffs]] near [[Holcot Inlet]]<br />
Lewis_Hills,_Long_Range_Mountains,_Newfoundland,_Canada_-_200707.jpg|[[Mount Takutat]]<br />
Mount_Odin_snow_and_ice.jpg|[[Pingasut Najangit]]<br />
Terrenceville_-_panoramio.jpg|[[Tern Harbour]]<br />
Polar-bear.jpg|Polar bear near [[Tulaktarvik]]<br />
</gallery></center><br />
<br />
===Climate===<br />
Due to Surrow's geographic position in the {{wp|Arctic|Breuvician}}, and the insular nature of the Surrowese archipelago, Surrow's climate tends to be cold. Most of the archipelago is described as a {{wp|tundra climate}}, with long and cold winters and short and cool summers, while in the southern regions of [[Holcot Island]], a {{wp|humid continental climate}} exists, with long and cold winters, but with short and warm summers.<br />
<br />
The highest temperature recorded in Surrow was 38.5°C on 3 July, 2021 in [[Holcot Inlet]], while the coldest temperature recorded in Surrow was -58 °C on December 29, 1958 in [[Arvittiavak]].<br />
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==Government and politics==<br />
[[File:Confederation_Building_(front),_St._John's,_Newfoundland,_Canada.jpg|250px|thumb|left|View of [[Parliament House, Holcot Inlet|Parliament House]], 2017]]<br />
{{main|Politics of Surrow}}<br />
Surrow is a {{wp|unitary state|unitary}} {{wp|parliamentary republic}}, with an {{wp|executive president}}. It is governed by the [[Constitution of Surrow]], which declares that the {{wp|head of state}} and the {{wp|head of government}} is the [[President of Surrow]], currently [[Dwight Timbrell]] since the [[Elections in Surrow#2018|2018 general election]], with his deputy being [[Mariam Banks]], [[Deputy Prime Minister of Surrow]].<br />
<br />
The legislature of Surrow is the {{wp|unicameral legislature|unicameral}} [[Parliament of Surrow]], comprising of 66 seats. Since the 2018 election, the governing party is the {{wp|centre-right politics|centre-right}} [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]], with 46 seats, while the opposition party is the {{wp|socialist}} [[Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists (Surrow)|Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists]], with 17 seats. The remaining three seats are part of the {{wp|centrist}} [[Our Surrow]]. Historically, the {{wp|dominant party}} of Surrowese politics was the United People's Party, having formed government almost-continuously since 1935, with only two interruptions: an ACTU-[[Alliance Party (1970)|Alliance]] government led by [[Ian Withers]] from 1970 until its defeat in a {{wp|vote of no confidence}} in 1971, and an ACT-Our Surrow coalition led by [[Wyatt Martel]] from 2014 until 2018.<br />
<br />
Besides the three parties represented in Parliament, Surrow has four [[List of political parties in Surrow#Parties not represented in Parliament|other parties]] that are registered with [[Elections Surrow]].<br />
<br />
===Administrative divisions===<br />
{{main|Administrative divisions of Surrow}}<br />
Surrow is divided into five '''counties''' ({{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}}: ''assi'', {{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''naasainiqut'') and two '''districts''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''aviktuqsimajut''). The counties are situated on [[Holcot Island]], [[Kikik Island]] and [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]], while all of the districts (formerly '''improvement districts''' until 2015) are on [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]].<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Map !! Name !! Seat !! Population (2021) !! Area<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=7|{{Surrow labelled map}} || [[Disappointment County]] || [[Apitumiss]] || 1,314 || 2,022.73<br />
|-<br />
| [[Iqittiniq District]] || [[Port Lochlan]] || 662 || 6,079.95<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kikik County]] || [[Lombelon Bay]] || 268 || 390.21<br />
|-<br />
| [[Southland County]] || [[Holcot Inlet]] || 122,628 || 1,511.90<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stoney County]] || [[Tulaktarvik]] || 31,146 || 9,079.49<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tuckamore County]] || [[Tern Harbour]] || 15,105 || 2,765.82<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ukiuqtaqtuq District]] || [[Arvittiavak]] || 427 || 6,338.67<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Foreign relations===<br />
[[File:StJohns_CanadaHouse.jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[Albrennia|Albrennian]] embassy in [[Holcot Inlet]], 2013]]<br />
Surrow's diplomatic relations is largely informed by its geography, which places Surrow firmly within the [[Albrennia|Albrennian]] invisible empire. Relations with Albrennia are seen as an important part of Surrow's diplomacy, with even [[Wyatt Martel]]'s presidency maintaining close ties with Albrennia, despite Martel vowing an "arms-length relationship," in part because relations between Albrennia and Surrow are largely handled by [[General Armaments]], instead of direct state-to-state relations, as is normal with other countries. Albrennia itself is the largest trade partner of Surrow, with Surrow receiving most of its imports from, and exporting most of its goods to Albrennia, with Albrennia's allies being major partners.<br />
<br />
Due to Surrow's colonial history, it maintains especially strong relations with [[Rythene]], with one of Surrow's main foreign policy goals being to have good relations with the [[Commonwealth of Northern Auressia]]. Although due to geography and small population, trade with the Commonwealth of Northern Auressia is not as large as trade with Albrennia and the rest of the invisible empire, the Commonwealth is still Surrow's second-largest trade partner after the invisible empire.<br />
<br />
Surrow is also a full member of the [[Assembly of Marceaunian States]], joining in 1974 during [[Isaac Rosenhain]]'s presidency in order to strengthen ties with the rest of Marecaunia.<br />
<br />
===Military===<br />
[[File:Garden_Party_at_Government_House,_2014_(14602340699).jpg|250px|thumb|left|Surrowese soldiers at [[Government House, Holcot Inlet|Government House]], 2014]]<br />
Due to Surrow's small population, Surrow has a small [[Surrowese Armed Forces|military]], divided into three branches: the [[Surrowese Air Force]], the [[Surrowese Army]], and the [[Surrowese Navy]]. As of 2021, there are 858 personnel in the entirety of the Surrowese Armed Forces.<br />
<br />
The Surrowese Air Force is comprised of five helicopters, of which two are based in [[Gateway, Surrow|Gateway]], and three are based in [[Tulaktarvik]]. As of 2021, there are 108 personnel in the Surrowese Air Force, with most of the personnel responsible for maintenance of the helicopters and {{wp|helipads}} owned by the Surrowese Air Force.<br />
<br />
The Surrowese Army is made up of 240 personnel, and divided into three {{wp|company (military unit)|companies}}, with one based in Gateway, one in [[Holcot Inlet]], and one in Tulaktarvik. The Surrowese Army is primarily ceremonial, although it can function as a {{wp|gendarmerie}} in cases where the [[Surrowese Constabulary]] needs assistance in dealing with high-risk situations.<br />
<br />
Finally, the largest branch of the Surrowese Armed Forces is the Surrowese Navy, with 510 personnel serving in the Navy as of 2021, with four naval bases in [[Apitumiss]], Holcot Inlet, [[Port Lochlan]], and Tulaktarvik. The Surrowese Navy serves as a {{wp|coast guard}}, with its fleet being entirely comprised of {{wp|patrol boats}} and {{wp|lifeboat (rescue)|lifeboats}}.<br />
<br />
Beyond the Surrowese Armed Forces, Surrow also has security guarantees from [[Albrennia]] that in the event of an attack on Surrow, the Albrennian military will come to Surrow's aid. However, due to both its location close to Albrennia, and the absence of hostile states in its immediate region, Surrow does not host any Albrennian military base.<br />
<br />
===Law===<br />
[[File:Court_House_St_John_Newfoundland_(41364930021).jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[Supreme Court of Surrow|Supreme Courthouse]] in [[Holcot Inlet]], 2006]]<br />
Due to Surrow being colonised by [[Rythene]], Surrow's legal system is heavily based off of the [[Rythene#Law|Rythenean]] legal system. Thus, like Rythene, Surrow uses {{wp|common law}} as the basis for the Surrowese legal system.<br />
<br />
The criminal justice system in Surrow is organized into three tiers, with {{wp|trial courts}} in county towns (as well as [[Bagshaw Cove]]), {{wp|appellate courts}} based in [[Holcot Inlet]] and [[Tulaktarvik]], and the [[Supreme Court of Surrow|Supreme Court]] in Holcot Inlet, with the Supreme Court comprised of five justices, and headed by a Chief Justice. In addition to the criminal justice system, {{wp|administrative courts}} exist that can be appealed to the Supreme Court, which deal with administrative issues as opposed to criminal issues.<br />
<br />
Surrow has six prisons: two {{wp|juvenile prisons}} in Holcot Inlet and Tulaktarvik, two {{wp|low-security prison|low-security}} facilities in Holcot Inlet and Tulaktarvik, a {{wp|medium-security prison|medium-security}} prison in Holcot Inlet, and a {{wp|maximum security prison|high-security}} facility in Holcot Inlet.<br />
<br />
Policing is handled by the [[Surrowese Constabulary]], although it can be augmented by the [[Surrowese Army]] in situations where the Surrowese Constabulary needs assistance with policing, primarily in "high-risk" situations.<br />
<br />
==Economy==<br />
{{main|Economy of Surrow}}<br />
[[File:Stillwater_mine.jpg|250px|thumb|left|[[Tulaktarvik mine]], 1983]]<br />
As of 2021, Surrow's nominal {{wp|gross domestic product}} is $9,378,981,600, with its nominal {{wp|GDP per capita}} being at $54,672, while its {{wp|purchasing power parity}} is at $5,498,005,950, with a {{wp|PPP per capita}} at $32,049.<br />
<br />
Historically, the largest industry in Surrow was the {{wp|cod fisheries}}, as due to the terrain of the Surrowese Archipelago that precluded the development of {{wp|agriculture}}, and the rich fishing waters surrounding it, it incentivised people to work in the fisheries. Until the late 1940s, {{wp|cod}} was the primary export of Surrow, with a small {{wp|timber industry}} helping to supplant incomes. The cod fisheries peaked in 1968, and since that point, cod production has been in decline, although {{wp|shellfish}} production has been increasing since the 1990s, and cod exports still make up a quarter of Surrow's fish exports.<br />
<br />
However, with the discovery of {{wp|palladium}} in 1951 near [[Tulaktarvik]] on [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]], Surrow's economy became increasingly reliant on palladium mining, and today, the [[Tulaktarvik mine]], owned by [[General Armaments]], produces 45% of the world's palladium supply, with the country being dependent on the Tulaktarvik mine for economic stability.<br />
<br />
Outside of the {{wp|primary sector}}, the {{wp|tertiary sector}} is the largest part of the Surrowese economy, with {{wp|public administration}} and {{wp|healthcare}} being the largest industries in Surrow's tertiary sector, with the next largest being the {{wp|retail sector}}, with major retail companies being [[Harris-Wiseman]], which operates most of Surrow's supermarkets, and [[Surrowese Co-Op]], a {{wp|cooperative}}. In addition, a small {{wp|secondary sector}} exists in Surrow, with major industries in that sector being {{wp|food processing}} (primarily of shellfish and cod) and {{wp|brewing}}.<br />
<br />
===Transportation===<br />
[[File:Midnight_sun_over_the_Dempster_Highway.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Midnight sun over the [[Surrowese Highway]] in [[Apitumiss]], 2015]]<br />
Due to the geography of the Surrowese archipelago, and Surrow's sparse population, most transportation between communities is done by boat, with [[Surrow Government Ships]] providing daily service to and from most coastal communities in Surrow during the summer months, with some private companies like [[Stalwart Shipping]] offering passenger services to more remote {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}}, and others providing more frequent service between coastal towns.<br />
<br />
In addition to maritime transportation, there are two major airports on Surrow: [[Surrow International Airport]], situated in [[Gateway, Surrow|Gateway]], [[Tuckamore County]], which serves as Surrow's primary {{wp|international airport}}, and [[Tulaktarvik International Airport]], situated near [[Tulaktarvik]] in [[Stoney County]]. Beyond these two airports, many smaller communities, particularly on [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] have airstrips, although these airstrips only handle small propeller planes. The only airline based in Surrow is [[NorthAir]].<br />
<br />
For intra-island travel, [[Holcot Island]] has the most developed road network, with the [[Surrowese Highway]] connecting interior communities between [[Holcot Inlet]] to [[Apitumiss]], as well as coastal communities along its route. However, many roads outside the settlements, excluding the Surrowese Highway, and connections from communities to the highway are not paved, with an estimate that only around 45% of all roads on Hoclot Island are paved.<br />
<br />
However, Great Island's and Kikik Island's geography and {{wp|permafrost}} effectively preclude significant road construction between communities, with the only inter-community road being the road between Tulaktarvik and [[Uangnaq]]. Thus, the only year-round means of transportation on these islands is sailing or hiking, although in the winter, {{wp|winter roads}} are constructed to connect some of the major communities, particularly Tulaktarvik to [[Port Lochlan]], with an {{wp|ice road}} connecting it to the Surrowese Highway in Apitumiss.<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
As of the 2021 census, 171,550 people lived in Surrow. Of the total population, 139,047 people, or around 81% of the Surrowese population live on [[Holcot Island]], 32,235 people, or around 19% of the Surrowese population live on [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]], and only 268 people, or almost zero percent of the Surrowese population, live on [[Kikik Island]].<br />
<br />
===Education===<br />
[[File:QEII_and_Clock_Tower.jpg|250px|thumb|left|[[Ted Fisher Library]] and Memorial Clock Tower at the [[Surrow National University]], 2020]]<br />
Education in Surrow is heavily influenced by the [[Albrennia#Education|Albrennian education system]], due to Surrow's proximity to Albrennia and its friendly relations with Albrennia, with some structural influence from [[Rythene]] due to Surrow's past as a Rythenean colony. Most schools in Surrow are public, although some {{wp|private schools}} exist, primarily to serve Albrennian expatriate students, but some exist for religious reasons.<br />
<br />
Education in Surrow starts with {{wp|preschool}}, with formal education only starting in the year students turn 6. Students continue attending {{wp|primary school}} until they turn 11, and then move on to {{wp|secondary schools}}, where they will attend until they turn 16, when compulsory education ends. However, most students continue attending school until finishing {{wp|Sixth Form}} when they turn 18, after which they take exams to determine if they will attend university or a polytechnic.<br />
<br />
The only university in Surrow is [[Surrow National University]], with two campuses: the main campus in [[Holcot Inlet]], and a {{wp|satellite campus}} in [[Tulaktarvik]], with Surrow National University structured like an Albrennian university. Most high-achieving Surrowese students study at Albrennia's major universities, leading to only around 9,000 students attending Surrow National University.<br />
<br />
There are two Surrowese polytechnics: [[Holcot Inlet Polytechnic]] in Holcot Inlet, and [[Tulaktarvik Polytechnic]] in Tulaktarvik. As of 2021, there are 11,000 students at both Surrowese polytechnics.<br />
<br />
===Ethnicity===<br />
As of the 2021 census, around 90.8% of the Surrowese population, or 155,816 people, are of Auressian descent. Of these, it is estimated that 50% of the Auressian-Surrowese are of [[Rythene]] descent (which includes those from [[Sovar]]), 30% being descended from [[Tyrnica|Tyrnicans]], and the remaining 20% coming from other groups of Auressian descent, predominantly workers from [[Albrennia]].<br />
<br />
The next largest racial group are Native Surrowese, which comprise around 6.5% of the population, or 11,102 people. The Native Surrowese can be split into two groups: the {{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}}, who traditionally inhabit [[Holcot Island]], and the {{wp|Inuit|Itchalnu}}, who traditionally inhabit [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] and [[Kikik Island]]. It is estimated that around 80% of Native Surrowese are Itchalnu, and the remainder are Chequan.<br />
<br />
Finally, other races make up 2.7% of Surrow's population, or 4,632 people. These are primarily immigrants from other countries, such as (TBC).<br />
<br />
===Religion===<br />
As of the 2021 census, 89.4% of Surrow's population, or 153,366 people, are [[Perendism|Perendist]]. The dominant sects of Perendism followed in Surrow include (TBC).<br />
<br />
After Perendism, 0.6% of the population, or 1,029 people, follow other religions. These include religions from immigrant communities, such as TBC, {{wp|Inuit religion|Itchalnu religion}}, {{wp|Innu#Culture|Chequan religion}}, and {{wp|neopaganism}}.<br />
<br />
Finally, 10% of the population of Surrow, or 17,155 people, are {{wp|irreligion|irreligious}}. This category includes {{wp|atheism}} or {{wp|agnosticism}}.<br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
The sole official language in Surrow is {{wp|English language|Rythenean}}, with 97% of the population, or 166,404 speaking it as a first language, and with 99.1% of the population, or 170,006 reporting that they are fluent to some degree in Rythenean.<br />
<br />
The two indigenous languages still spoken in Surrow are {{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}} and {{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}}. Of the two, Itchalnu is the most widely spoken, with 1.1% of the population, or 1,887 people, speaking it as a first language, and 15% of the population, or 25,733 people being fluent to some degree in it, while Chequan is only spoken by 0.4% of the population, or 686 people as a first language, and understood by only 6% of the population, or 10,293 people.<br />
<br />
Foreign languages spoken in Surrow include {{wp|Germanic languages|Tyrnican}}, which historically had a sizable presence in Surrow to the point of having [[Surrowese Tyrnican|its own dialect]], (TBC).<br />
<br />
===Largest cities===<br />
{{Largest settlements of Surrow}}<br />
<br />
As of the 2021 census, around 94.2% of the Surrowese population live in the seven cities or towns of Surrow, with around 98.3% living in the top twenty settlements in Surrow. Of this figure, around 82% of the Surrowese population live in the two cities of Surrow: [[Holcot Inlet]], which alone comprises 64.4% of the country's population, and [[Tulaktarvik]].<br />
<br />
Until the 1960s, more people lived in the smaller settlements, commonly known as {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}}, but as economic opportunities grew in Holcot Inlet and Tulaktarvik, many moved towards those two cities, leading to a declining and aging population in the outports of Surrow. This {{wp|rural flight}} peaked in the 1990s, but has declined significantly since then, due to higher prices in Holcot Inlet forcing people to commute from communities outside of Holcot Inlet, and because of most of those remaining choosing to stay in the outports.<br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
===Art===<br />
[[File:The_Rooms_(Southeast_face),_St._John's,_Newfoundland,_Canada.jpg|250px|thumb|left|[[National Gallery of Surrow]], 2017]]<br />
Until the early twentieth century, visual arts in Surrow were a minor phenomenon, with most paintings depicting Surrow until the early twentieth century being painted by visiting artists from [[Albrennia]], [[Rythene]], or [[Sovar]]. However, sculptures were a very common form of art, with [[Native Surrowese]] sculptures dating back all the way to the {{wp|Pre-Dorset|Pre-Armin culture}}, although most sculptures in Surrow are today heavily influenced by Auressian trends.<br />
<br />
Beginning in the 1920s, Surrow would develop a strong visual arts scene, with the [[Surrow National University]] opening an art school in 1929, and led by [[Cecil Gatrell]], who studied art in [[Albrennia]] and was influenced by the Highlands School. Gatrell's students would come to dominate the Surrowese art scene from the 1930s until the 1970s, such as [[Elias Brecher]], [[Otto Frisch]], [[Audrey Morrow]], [[Alfie Stafford]], and [[Lonnie Herman]].<br />
<br />
From the 1960s onward, the Surrowese art scene was transformed, as painters such as [[Betty Buckler]], [[Jeffrey Herman]], [[Douglas Mortan]], and [[Shaun Shaffer]] introduced modernist art to Surrow, with these artists moving away from depicting the Surrowese landscape and its rugged terrain towards depicting an "aspirational future" for Surrow, with the aspirational future seeing Surrow as an equal to Albrennia. These artists would introduce elements of surrealism and cubism into their works during the 1970s and 1980s, influencing current artists like [[Lila Arbour]], [[Kendra Mayer]], [[Trevor Magnusson]], and [[Winnie Simmons]].<br />
<br />
Literature has been influenced by Rythenean and Albrennian trends, with some historical influence from Tyrnican literature, although unlike visual arts, literature in both {{wp|English language|Rythenean}} and [[Tyrnican language|Tyrnican]] has been prevalent since the early seventeenth century. Until the early twentieth century, literature was widely published in both Rythenean and Tyrnican, with literature depicting the harsh environment of Surrow and people's efforts to survive. Since the early twentieth century, virtually all literature in Surrow is published in Rythenean, while authors such as [[Annie Clipperton]], [[Sebastian Grafton]] and [[Peter Danielsson]] have written books that are heavily influenced by Albrennian genre conventions. However, most Surrowese-produced literature exhibit aspects of {{wp|garrison mentality}}.<br />
<br />
However, the most important art form in Surrow has traditionally been performing arts, with {{wp|folk dancing}}, both by Native Surrowese and by settlers, and {{wp|theatre}} being the two most prominent performing arts in Surrow. <br />
<br />
Theatre was the first to become professional, with the oldest still-active theatrical troupe in Surrow being the [[Holcot Inlet Theatrical Troupe]], established in 1887. Traditionally, Surrowese {{wp|theatrical troupes}} would travel from town to town during the summer months, and stay in [[Holcot Inlet]] during the winter, although in recent decades, most theatrical troupes have become theatrical companies based in either Holcot Inlet or [[Tulaktarvik]]. <br />
<br />
The dominant folk dance style in Surrow is {{wp|English country dance|country dancing}}, introduced by Rythenean settlers. In 1974, interest in country dancing led to the establishment of a dance company, the [[Holcot Inlet Dance Company]], which has inspired six other clubs across Surrow. This was followed up by a revival in Tyrnican folk dances, such as the {{wp|Ländler|Tyrnican country dance}} and {{wp|waltz}}, leading to the [[Klinerhaven Dance Company]] being formed in 1981.<br />
<br />
===Cuisine===<br />
[[File:FishAndBrewisWithScrunchions.jpg|250px|thumb|right|{{wp|Fish and brewis}} with {{wp|scrunchions}}]]<br />
Surrowese cuisine is primarily influenced by its settlement by [[Auressia|Aurressian]] fishermen from the sixteenth century onward, with heavy [[Rythene#Cuisine|Rythenean]] influence due to Surrow having been primarily settled by Rytheneans.<br />
<br />
Due to the abundant marine life surrounding the Surrowese archipelago, {{wp|seafood}} has always been a major component of mainstream Surrowese cuisine. One of the best known examples of seafood in Surrowese cuisine is {{wp|fish and brewis}}, comprising of {{wp|cod}} and {{wp|hardtack}}, and served along a side of {{wp|scrunchions}}, or fried {{wp|pork rind}}, with fish and brewis traditionally consumed at lunch and at dinner. Other seafood dishes, like {{wp|fishcake}} with {{wp|summer savory}}, {{wp|fish pie|fisherman's pie}}, and {{wp|fish and chips}}, are also commonly consumed at lunch and dinner in Surrow, while {{wp|flipper pie}}, a {{wp|meat pie}} made from {{wp|harp seal}} flippers, is often consumed on special occasions, primarily Discovery Day and Thanksgiving.<br />
<br />
Other dishes common in mainstream Surrowese cuisine include {{wp|baked beans}}, commonly consumed at breakfast; {{wp|blueberry pie}}, commonly consumed as a dessert; {{wp|sausages and mash}}, commonly consumed at breakfast, and {{wp|dulse|sea lettuce}}, commonly consumed as a snack. Furthermore, [[Albrennia#Cuisine|Albrennian cuisine]] has exerted a significant influence on Surrowese cuisine, due to Surrow's extensive connections with [[Albrennia]] over the centuries, leading to most dishes popular in Albrennia becoming common in Surrow.<br />
<br />
In contrast, indigenous cuisines have generally remained unknown among the general Surrowese population, although {{wp|pemmican}}, {{wp|ptarmigan}}, and {{wp|seal}} are traditionally associated with the {{wp|Innu|Chequan}}, while {{wp|whale meat}}, {{wp|Chamaenerion angustifolium|great willowherb}}, {{wp|polar bear}}, and {{wp|seals}} are associated with the {{wp|Inuit|Itchalnu}}.<br />
<br />
Besides food, Surrowese beverage traditions have largely been informed by Albrennian and Rythenean influences, with {{wp|beer}} being by the far the most popular alcoholic beverage, followed by {{wp|whiskey}}. While most alcoholic beverages in Surrow are imported, primarily from Albrennia and Rythene, there are some brewers based in Surrow, with the largest being [[Whitlock Brewing Company]], which produces {{wp|ales}} and {{wp|lagers}}, while since the 1990s, a small but thriving {{wp|microbrewery}} scene has emerged in Surrow.<br />
<br />
===Media===<br />
[[File:When_we_eventually_got_there,_it_was_pouring_like_crazy_(26985267234).jpg|250px|thumb|left|Former telegraph station at Guardian Promentory in [[Holcot Inlet]], 2015]]<br />
Due to Surrow's small population, Surrowese media is generally limited, with the few domestic media outlets largely concentrated in [[Holcot Inlet]], and most of these being either owned by the Surrowese government, by the [[Altman Media Group]], or by the [[Arnarson Press]].<br />
<br />
The only daily newspaper on Surrow is the Altman Media Group-owned ''[[Daily Fisherman]]'', based in Holcot Inlet. The most prominent competitor to the ''Daily Fisherman'' is the Arnarson Press-owned ''[[Holcot Inlet Herald]]'', published thrice a week, and owned by, and the Altman Media Group-owned ''[[Tulaktarvik Times]]'', published once weekly.<br />
<br />
There are eighteen radio stations in Surrow, with the largest networks being the government-owned [[Surrow Broadcasting Corporation]], which operates nine radio stations, serving [[Apitumiss]], [[Arvittiavak]], [[Davers Harbour]], [[Gisborne Reed]], [[Hairings Harbour]], Holcot Inlet, [[Lombelon Bay]], [[Port Lochlan]], and [[Tulaktarvik]], and the Altman Media Group-owned [[Altman Radio]], operating six stations, with four in Holcot Inlet, and two in Tulaktarvik. Arnarson Press operates two {{wp|talk radio}} stations, with one each in Holcot Inlet and Tulaktarvik, and the [[Surrow National University]] operates a radio station in Holcot Inlet.<br />
<br />
There is only one domestically-run television network, with the government-owned Surrow Broadcasting Corporation operating television stations in Holcot Inlet and Tulaktarvik, with transmitters in nearly every community. However, an independent television station exists in Holcot Inlet, and most Surrowese have access to foreign television networks by {{wp|cable TV|cable}} or {{wp|satellite TV|satellite}}.<br />
<br />
===Music===<br />
[[File:Great-big-sea.jpg|250px|thumb|right|{{wp|Great Big Sea}}, 2009]]<br />
Traditional Surrowese music is marked by extensive [[Rythene#Music|Rythenean]] and [[Tyrnica#Music|Tyrnican]] influences, with some influences from [[Sovar#Music|Sovarese]] music. Most of the music associated with traditional Surrowese music are based on {{wp|sea shanties}} and sailing songs, due to the maritime nature of Surrowese society, with {{wp|work songs}} being very common among fishermen. However, marching bands and [[Perendism|Perendist]] {{wp|hymns}} contributed significantly to the development of traditional Surrowese music. In additional, traditional folk songs from Rythene, Sovar, and Tyrnica were given new lyrics to reflect Surrowese conditions and Surowese life.<br />
<br />
One of the most notable traditional Surowese composers was {{wp|Johnny Burke (Newfoundland songwriter)|Thaddeus Tabiner}}, who wrote many songs during the early twentieth century, such as ''{{wp|Excursion Around The Bay}}'' and ''{{wp|Kelligrews Soiree|The Bowman Inlet Soiree}}''. However, traditional Surrowese music declined in popularity from the 1940s onward as other styles of music, such as Albrennian rhythm and Albrennian pop music made their way into Surrow, and it was only in the 1980s that traditional Surrowese music would see a revival, driven by traditional Surrowese bands such as {{wp|Great Big Sea}}, [[Reisenden]], [[The Fleck Sisters]], and [[The Whalers (Surrowese band)|The Whalers]].<br />
<br />
Non-traditional Surrowese music, in contrast, has been heavily influenced by Albrennian music trends, with the [[George Greenhill Company]] greatly influencing the development of non-traditional Surrowese music as virtually all non-traditional musicians and bands are affiliated with George Greenhill-owned labels. The dominant genres in non-traditional Surrowese music are pop, rock-and-roll, and rhythm music. Prominent non-traditional Surrowese musicians include [[Jacob Clarkson]], [[Timmy Kellerman]], [[Evelyn Martell]], [[Lars Nolsoe]], [[Irena Paulsen]], and [[Amber Wall]], while prominent non-traditional Surrowese bands include [[Around the Bay]], the {{wp|Florian Hoefner Trio|Hoefner Trio}}, {{wp|Mercy, the Sexton}}, and [[Sunrise (band)|Sunrise]].<br />
<br />
Indigenous music has generally been neglected, although {{wp|Inuit music|Itchalnu music}} is still common among the Itchalnu, and elements of it, such as {{wp|katajjaq}}, have made it into some contemporary music. However, Itchalnu music has been receiving more influence from both traditional and non-traditional Surrowese music, with one band, [[Aputaijainiq]], producing pop music with elements of traditional Itchalnu music.<br />
<br />
===Sports===<br />
[[File:Dallas_Sidekicks_vs_Texas_Strikers_B_-_23_February_2013.jpg|250px|thumb|left|{{wp|Indoor football}} match at [[Ted Fisher Centre]] in [[Gateway, Surrow|Gateway]], 2013]]<br />
Despite Surrow's northerly location and small population, Surrow has a vibrant sporting culture, with the two most popular sports in Surrow are {{wp|association football|football}} and {{wp|curling}}, with football being designated the national summer sport, and curling the national winter sport.<br />
<br />
Football is popular in Surrow, with the [[Surrow national football team|Surrowese national football team]] playing their home games at the 5,000 seat [[Surrowese National Stadium]] in [[Holcot Inlet]], with the Surrowese national football team making its first appearance in the [[World Cup (Levilion)|World Cup]] at the [[2022 World Cup]] in [[Audonia]]. However, due to the geography and weather precluding outdoor football from being played for most of the year in most of Surrow, most football activity is done {{wp|indoor soccer|indoors}}, with an indoor league, the [[Surrowese Football League]] being the primary football league in Surrow, comprising of seven teams, and smaller communities often having teams of their own.<br />
<br />
Likewise, curling is popular in Surrow, with most communities in Surrow featuring their own {{wp|curling rinks}} and {{wp|curling clubs}}. The [[Surrowese Curling Association]] plays every winter, with it comprised of eleven teams from across the Surrowese archipelago. Curling in Surrow is traditionally {{wp|mixed curling|mixed}}, with two men and two women, including at the Surrowese Curling Association.<br />
<br />
Other sports that are popular among the Surrowese include {{wp|sailing}}, {{wp|cross-country skiing}}, {{wp|biathlon}}, and {{wp|sport fishing}}. In addition, some {{wp|Arctic sports|traditional sports}} among indigenous peoples, such as the {{wp|high kick}} and the {{wp|nalukataq|blanket toss}} are still commonly practiced among the {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}}, although these traditional sports are not as popular among the non-Itchalnu population of Surrow.<br />
<br />
===Public holidays===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Date !! Rythenean name !! Description<br />
|-<br />
| January 1 || ''New Year's Day'' || Celebrates the new year<br />
|-<br />
| ''Third Monday of February'' || ''Family Day'' || Celebrates the family<br />
|-<br />
| April 28 || ''Memorial Day'' || Commemorates fishermen who died at sea<br />
|-<br />
| May 1 || ''Labour Day'' || Commemorates the sacrifices made by workers to advance their rights<br />
|-<br />
| June 21 || ''Indigenous People's Day'' || Celebrates the culture and resilience of indigenous peoples in Surrow<br />
|-<br />
| June 24 || ''Discovery Day'' || Celebrates the discovery of the Surrowese islands, {{wp|national day}}<br />
|-<br />
| ''First Monday of August'' || ''County Day'' || Celebrates the culture of the counties<br />
|-<br />
| ''Second Monday of October'' || ''[[Thanksgiving (Surrow)|Thanksgiving]]'' || Celebrates the catch made over the preceding fishing season<br />
|-<br />
| October 28 || ''Remembrance Day'' || Commemorates all victims of war<br />
|-<br />
| December 21 || ''Tribulation Day'' || Commemorates the Tribulation at Micantium<br />
|-<br />
| December 31 || ''New Year's Eve'' || Celebrates the end of the year<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Levilion]][[Category:Surrow]]</div>Luziycahttps://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Surrow&diff=748158Surrow2023-12-31T04:12:52Z<p>Luziyca: /* Music */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{WIP}}<br />
{{Region icon Levilion}}<br />
{{Infobox country<br />
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Surrow<br />
|native_name = {{small|''Tipenimeumitshetinan Utessit'' ({{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}})}}<br>{{small|{{nowrap|''Nunagijatta Saqqitaukkannirninga'' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}})}}}}<br />
|image_map = Surrow_map.png<br />
|map_width = 275px<br />
|map_caption = <big>Map of Surrow (green)</big><br />
|common_name = Surrow<br />
|image_coat = Surrow_CoA.png<br />
|symbol_type = [[Coat of arms of Surrow|Coat of arms]]<br />
|image_flag = Surrow_Flag.png<br />
|flag_type = [[Flag of Surrow|Flag]]<br />
|national_motto = ''Munus splendidum mox explebitur''<br>{{small|''Our splendid task will soon be fulfilled''}}<br />
|national_anthem = [[O Plough of the Heavens]]<br>[[File:MediaPlayer.png|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdGxE2fQMVQ]]<br />
|capital = [[Holcot Inlet]]<br />
|largest_city = [[Holcot Inlet]]<br />
|official_languages = {{wp|English language|Rythenean}}<br />
|regional_languages = {{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}}<br>{{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}<br />
|ethnic_groups = Auressian-Surrowese (90.8%)<br>Other (9.2%)<br />
|ethnic_groups_year = 2021<br />
|religion = [[Perendism]] (89.4%)<br>{{wp|Irreligion}} (10%)<br>Other (0.6%)<br />
|religion_year = 2021<br />
|demonym = Surrowese<br />
|government_type = {{wp|Unitary state|Unitary}} {{wp|parliamentary republic with an executive presidency}}<br />
|leader_title1 = [[President of Surrow|President]]<br />
|leader_name1 = [[Dwight Timbrell]]<br />
|sovereignty_type = Independence<br />
|established_event1 = From [[Rythene]]<br />
|established_date1 = June 24, 1950<br />
|area_km2 = 28,188.84<br />
|area_sq_mi = <br />
|population_census = 171,550<br />
|population_census_year = 2021<br />
|population_density_km2 = 6.09<br />
|GDP_PPP = $5,498,005,950<br />
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $32,049<br />
|GDP_nominal = $9,378,981,600<br />
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $54,672<br />
|Gini = 30.6<br />
|Gini_year = 2021<br />
|HDI = 0.894<br />
|HDI_year = 2021<br />
|currency = [[Albrennian guilder]]<br />
|currency_code = ALG<br />
|time_zone = -4<br />
|time_zone_DST = <br />
|date_format =dd-mm-yyyy<br />
|drives_on =right<br />
|cctld =[[.sw]]<br />
|iso3166code =SW<br />
|calling_code =TBD<br />
}}<br />
'''Surrow''' is a country located in northeastern [[Maurceania Major]], and is the second northernmost country in the world after [[Pelemia]]. Situated on the Surrowese archipelago between the [[Breuvician Ocean]] to the west and north, [[Rowland Bay]] to the south and east, it shares maritime borders with TBA to the south via the [[Talbot Strait]]. Sixty-four percent of the country's population lives in the capital city, [[Holcot Inlet]], making it by far the {{wp|primate city}} in the country.<br />
<br />
Prior to colonisation, Surrow was inhabited by {{wp|Indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous peoples}}, beginning from around 3000 {{wp|Before Present|BP}}: at the time of colonisation, the Surrowese archipelago was inhabited by {{wp|Innu people|Chequan}} and {{wp|Inuit|Itchalnu}}. However, after [[Avery Holcot]] discovered the archipelago in 1486, and noted that its waters were abundant with fish, Auressian nations sought to rule over the archipelago, with the two most prominent ones being [[Rythene]] and [[Tyrnica]]. Competition between the two countries over the Surrowese archipelago and its abundant fishing grounds would last until the end of the [[Eleven Years War]] in 1759 between Rythene and Tyrnica, which concluded with Rythene assuming sole control over the archipelago.<br />
<br />
During the [[Great Upheaval]], Surrow was neglected by the Rytheneans, which led to the beginning of Surrowese self-government. Although after the Great Upheaval, Rythenean control was restored, the Surrowese would desire a greater say in their affairs, and would chafe under continued Rythenean rule. Despite this, Surrow would maintain its position as part of the [[Rythenean Empire]] until it gained independence in 1950.<br />
<br />
In 1951, {{wp|palladium}} was discovered on [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]], leading to increased interest in the Surrowese archipelago by [[General Armaments]]. This led to substantial economic investment, with the [[Tulaktarvik mine]] becoming the primary economic engine of Surrow, especially after the {{wp|cod fisheries}} in Surrow began to decline. Today, Surrow is a part of the [[Albrennia#The Invisible Empire|invisible empire]], with Surrow maintaining good relations with the invisible empire and the [[Commonwealth of Northern Auressia]], and is a full member of the [[Assembly of Marceaunian States]].<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The name '''Surrow''' comes from the {{wp|French language|Principean}} phrase ''Îles sur la baie de Rowland'', meaning ''islands over the [[Rowland Bay]]''. The phrase first appears on a map published by (some Principean dude) in 1498, with the phrase being shortened into the Principean ''Îles Surro'' by 1539. The Rythenean form ''Surrow'' would first appear in 1547, although ''Surro'' was also common in Rythenean until the early 19th century when Rythenean spelling standardised into Surrow.<br />
<br />
In the indigenous languages spoken on Surrow, the {{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}} word for Surrow is '''Nunagijavut''', meaning ''our country'', while the {{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}} word for Surrow is '''Utessit''', which means ''on this land here''.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Pre-colonisation===<br />
[[File:Ours_nageant_(Musée_du_quai_Branly)_(3034045389).jpg|250px|thumb|right|Armin carving of a polar bear]]<br />
The first humans arrived on [[Holcot Island]] around 3,000 years {{wp|Before Present|BP}} from mainland [[Maurceania Major]], marking the beginning of human habitation of the Surrowese archipelago. The earliest inhabitants of the archipelago were known as the {{wp|Pre-Dorset|Pre-Armin culture}}, with the Pre-Armin culture spreading to [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] and [[Kikik Island]] by 2,000 years before present. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Pre-Armin culture had stone tools, lived in settlements no larger than 50 people, and subsisted primarily on land mammals.<br />
<br />
Beginning around 500 BCE, the {{wp|Dorset culture|Armin culture}} emerged in Holcot Island. Unlike the Pre-Armin culture, the Armin culture lived in settlements ranging from 100 to 200 people, subsisted on sea mammals and fish, and made many miniature stone carvings, suggesting that the Armin were {{wp|shamanism|shamanist}}. The Armin would spread into Great Island and Kikik Island by around 50 CE, although some Pre-Armin artefacts can continue to be found as late as 500 CE.<br />
<br />
By around 500 CE, the {{wp|Thule people|proto-Itchalnu}} arrived on Holcot Island, and would spread across the archipelago by 600 CE, although Armin artefacts can continue to be found as late as 1400 CE. The proto-Itchalnu had larger boats, and more advanced stone tools than either the pre-Armin or Armin cultures, and relied almost entirely on sea mammals, such as whales, and later, fish, to survive in the Surrowese archipelago. Proto-Itchalnu settlements ranged in size from 100 to 600 people. By around 1000 CE, regional variations began to emerge among the proto-Itchalnu, and by the time of the discovery of the Surrowese archipelago by Auressians, the proto-Itchalnu became the {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}}.<br />
<br />
Around 1300 CE, a branch of the {{wp|Cree people|Ayisiyinowak}} from present-day [[Rosalia]] migrated to Holcot Island, where they would settle and become the ancestors of the {{wp|Innu people|Chequan}}. Unlike the proto-Itchalnu who lived on Holcot Island, the Chequan relied more on land mammals and plants than marine life, and the Chequan's artefacts were closer to the Ayisiyinowak than the Itchalnu. Furthermore, while the Chequan traded with the Itchanlu and neighbouring peoples on mainland Maurceania Major, the Chequan never established permanent settlements on Great Island and Kikik Island.<br />
<br />
===Auressian settlement===<br />
[[File:Vue_de_la_descente_a_Terre_Neuve_par_le_chevalier_de_Ternay_en_1762.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Perspective view of the [[Battle of Klinerhaven]], 1758]]<br />
Although it is speculated that earlier explorers who used the [[Sherborn Loop]] from the time [[Rufus Albren]] discovered [[Albrennia]] in 1460 may have sighted the Surrowese archipelago, the first comfirmed [[Auressia|Auressian]] to sight and to land on the Surrowese archipelago was [[Avery Holcot]] in 1486, when he landed on [[Holcot Island]]. Avery Holcot noted the existence of a "great harbour" in what is today [[Holcot Inlet]] that was excellent for "wintering over." [[Kikik Island]] was discovered by [[Josias Broughton]] in 1511, and [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] was discovered by [[Konrad Vorgrimler]] in 1554.<br />
<br />
From the early 1490s onward, fishermen from Auressia began flocking to the Surrowese Archipelago, attracted to the rich fishing grounds that surrounded it. Most of the fishermen came from [[Rythene]] and [[Tyrnica]], who over the next century would increase their presence in the archipelago: by 1563, Rythene established its first permanent settlement at present-day Holcot Inlet, with Tyrnica establishing its first permanent settlement, [[Klinerhaven|Kleinerhafen]], in 1568 at the present-day Holcot Inlet neighbourhood of [[Klinerhaven]].<br />
<br />
By the seventeenth century, both Rythene and Tyrnica had permanent settlements scattered throughout the Surrowese archipelago, although only three settlements: Holcot Inlet, Kleinerhafen, and [[Tern Harbour|Týrhafen]] (present-day [[Tern Harbour]]) had a permanent year-round population of more than 50 people, with the rest being little more than {{wp|Fishing stage|fishing stages}} with a couple of houses near the fishing stage. The close presence of Rythenean and Tyrnican settlements in the archipelago led to growing conflict between fishermen, and to skirmishes between settlements.<br />
<br />
When the [[Eleven Years War (Levilion)|Eleven Years War]] broke out in 1748, Tyrnica took full control of the archipelago in the [[Battle of Holcot Inlet (1750)|first Battle of Holcot Inlet]] in 1750. However, Rytheneans were able to retake Holcot Inlet in 1758 with the [[Battle of Holcot Inlet (1758)|second Battle of Holcot Inlet]], and then defeated the Tyrnicans at the [[Battle of Klinerhaven]] that same year, permanently ending Tyrnican rule over the Surrowese archipelago, and placing the archipelago under full Rythenean control.<br />
<br />
===Rythenean rule===<br />
[[File:Le_Tour_du_monde-07-p412.jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[Holcot Inlet]], 1863]]<br />
In the aftermath of the Eleven Years War, Surrow's population grew as Rythene now had exclusive control over the archipelago. This led to an influx of fishermen moving to the archipelago from Rythene, which helped increase the profitability of the islands' fishing industry. However, its distance from Rythene meant that the colonial government had relatively free rein over day-to-day administration: by 1790, the Surrowese population had reached a year-round of population of around 5,000 people.<br />
<br />
During the [[Rythenean Revolution]] and the [[Great Upheaval (Levilion)|Great Upheaval]], the colonial government effectively functioned as an independent state, with Governor [[Constant Sample]] leading Surrow from 1789 until his death in 1811. During the 1790s and 1800s, Surrow increased its ties with [[Albrennia]], with some Surrowese political figures during the Great Upheaval, such as [[Abraham Suitor]], advocating for Surrow to become part of Albrennia. However, Governor Sample and his successor, [[Salmon Edmundson]], managed to maintain Surrow's colonial institutions and its relative independence.<br />
<br />
In 1816, with the Congress of Vedayen allowing Rythene to maintain control over the Surrowese archipelago, Governor Edmundson was replaced by [[Phineas Whitelock]] under the orders of King John VII. As Governor, Whitelock faced significant challenges in his attempts to "restore law and order" to the archipelago as people like [[Frank Altermann]] and [[Robert Stalsworth]] advocated for increased autonomy within Rythene. In addition, the de-jure independence of Albrennia led to the emergence of smuggling as merchants smuggled goods from Albrennia into Surrow, which led to tensions against Whitelock's rule.<br />
<br />
Following the [[Second Rythenean Revolution]] in 1824, Whitelock was dismissed in 1825, and was succeeded as Governor by [[Abner Stedman]]. Stedman, although sympathetic to calls for self-government, did not believe Surrow had "the population needed to form a sustainable government." However, to placate Altermann and Stalsworth's movement, Stedman established a [[Legislative Council (Surrow)|Legislative Council]] in 1829 that would "advise the Governor on issues facing the island." While the Legislative Council initially had very little power compared to the Governor, by the mid-19th century, the Legislative Council gained powers over the budget, education, road maintenance, and day-to-day governance as successive Governors deferred to the Legislative Council.<br />
<br />
However, as the power of merchants grew, fishermen led by [[Ian Huber]] formed the [[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|Fishermen's Protective Union]] in 1878 to challenge the power of the merchants and to advocate for better conditions among the fishermen. During the 1880s, the FPU would grow as many fishermen, particularly in the {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} wanted to reform Surrowese society: by the late 1880s, despite accusations that one of its members caused the [[Great Fire of 1886 (Holcot Inlet)|Great Fire of 1886]] that destroyed Holcot Inlet's central business district, the FPU became a significant political force as it advocated for greater autonomy in Surrow and for establishing stores to bypass merchant-controlled stores in the outports. It would continue growing in strength throughout the 1890s, leading to tensions between the colonial government and the FPU.<br />
<br />
During the [[First Great War (Levilion)|First Great War]], Surrow saw almost no fighting, although its fisheries helped supply the Coalition's food supply, soldiers from Surow were deployed to fight in [[Auressia]] against the Tyrnicans, and [[Surrowese Tyrnican]] was cracked down due to its association with Tyrnica, leading to the dialect entering an irreversible decline. Thus, in 1915, following the end of the war, Surrow was granted significant autonomy by the Rythenean government, with the Rythenean government maintaining control over foreign policy, defence, and monetary and trade policies.<br />
<br />
Thus, in the 1915 elections, the FPU, led by [[Clarence Bradley]], became the first democratically-elected government. Under Bradley's premiership, Bradley introduced a basic form of welfare, began investing in roads to connect communities on Holcot Island, and curtailed the powers of the merchants by introducing a minimum wage and establishing regulations on pricing, leading to his re-election in 1919, 1923, 1927, and 1931. However, after Bradley died in 1932, the FPU was succeeded by [[Eddie Hammond]]. Hammond sought to greatly reform the fisheries to end the power of the merchants, leading to apprehension among the party right, led by [[Ted Fisher]].<br />
<br />
In 1934, after significant infighting between Hammond and Fisher, Fisher and six MPs created the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]]. With many in the FPU blaming Hammond for the split, Hammond was removed as Prime Minister later that year, and was replaced with [[Gilbert Bray]]. Bray attempted a more moderate course than Hammond and to bring Fisher back into the fold, but it was seen as "too little, too late." In the 1935 elections, Bray was defeated by Ted Fisher, who formed a majority government.<br />
<br />
Under Ted Fisher's premiership, he engaged in compromise with the merchants, with Fisher reversing Hammond's reforms to the fisheries, while ensuring that fishermen would be able to buy their equipment at a fare price. Fisher also heavily invested in the outports, with schools and clinics being built during this time, and during the [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]], an [[Surrow International Airport|international airport]] north of Holcot Inlet in what is today [[Gateway, Surrow|Gateway]]. This enabled Fisher to be re-elected with increasing majorities in 1939, 1943, and 1947.<br />
<br />
In the war's aftermath, Rythene was no longer able to support its colonial empire. This, combined with growing calls for full independence by Surrowese led to Fisher negotiating Surrowese independence from Rythene, leading to Surrow becoming an independent republic on 24 June, 1950.<br />
<br />
===Independence===<br />
[[File:ST._JOHN'S_FROM_SIGNAL_HILL,_30TH_JULY_2002_Port_Hope_Simpson_Off_The_Beaten_Path_Llewelyn_Pritchard.jpg|250px|thumb|left|View of [[Holcot Inlet]], 2002]]<br />
Shortly after Surrowese independence, {{wp|palladium}} was discovered near [[Tulaktarvik|Stoney Harbour]] (present-day [[Tulaktarvik]]) in 1951 by [[General Armaments]] prospectors. The discovery of palladium led to concerns by the Surrowese government that it lacked full control over [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]], leading to [[President of Surrow|President]] Ted Fisher instituting the [[Northern Integration Scheme]] in 1953, which would settle Itchalnu into "modern settlements" along the coast of Great Island, with the intention of assimilating the Itchalnu population into the "Surrowese body politic" and to assert Surrowese control over Great Island.<br />
<br />
The discovery of palladium and the growing influence of General Armaments would lead to an economic boom in the 1950s and 1960s, causing the standard of living to rise for most Surrowese. Palladium would overtake cod as Surrow's largest export in 1962, and by the late 1960s, the service sector began to develop on Surrow as Surrowese had more disposable income. However, Ted Fisher's rule over Surrow was challenged by factions inside the United People's Party, and by the [[Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists]], which was formed in 1965 by a merger of the Fisherman's Protection Union and the [[Worker's Party (Surrow)|Worker's Party]], due to Fisher's perceived autocratic nature.<br />
<br />
In the [[Elections of Surrow#1970|1970 elections]], although the United People's Party was the largest party in Parliament, the Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists and the [[Alliance Party (Surrow, 1969)|Alliance Party]] would form a {{wp|coalition government}}, allowing for [[Ian Withers]] to become Surrow's second President. However, the coalition fell apart due to ideological differences, and due to Ted Fisher being forced out of the leadership of the United People's Party, leading to the United People's Party forming government again in 1971 under the leadership of [[Isaac Rosenhain]].<br />
<br />
Roseinhain's presidency was marked by a concerted effort to relocate people from the {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}} to more centralised towns like [[Gateway, Surrow|Gateway]]. Although this program was relatively uncontroversial on Great Island, it was very controversial on Holcot and Kikik Islands, leading to Rosenhain being forced out in a {{wp|caucus revolt}} in 1976, and to [[Griffin Davidson]] becoming President. In 1978, Davidson would declare the Northern Integration Scheme completed, saying that it had "accomplished its aims at integrating Great Island into Surrow." Davidson resigned in 1982, and was succeeded as President by [[Deacon Parker]], who instituted the first economic diversification program in 1984 during an economic downturn in order to reduce Surrow's dependency on the fisheries and on palladium mining. Parker would serve as President until his death in 1987 in a boating accident, leading to [[Gordon Hoffman]] serving as Acting President before [[Michael Chambers]] won the UPP nomination.<br />
<br />
While Chambers continued Parker's economic diversification policies, his proposals in 1992 to reform Surrow's administrative divisions into a set of regions led to significant opposition, with five UPP MPs forming the [[Anti-Merger Party (Surrow)|Anti-Merger Party]], and to Chambers' own ouster in 1993. [[Trevor Morrow]] would succeed Chambers, but Morrow was seen as being too leftist for the UPP, leading to Morrow's ouster in 1995, with [[Edgar Stirner]] becoming President.<br />
<br />
Stirner's presidency would be marked by "common sense reforms" which vastly "simplified the tax system" to a {{wp|flat tax}} of 3%, reduced regulations, and reformed the welfare system to encourage "personal responsibility," as well as an investment into Surrow's transportation network. However, Stirner's turn to the right led to Morrow splitting from the United People's Party in 1998 to create [[Our Surrow]]. After being re-elected in 1999, Stirner would retire in 2003, and was succeeded by his deputy, [[Damian Shirley]]. Shirley was seen as a moderate, and would strike a balanced path between Stirner and Morrow. After being re-elected in 2007, Shirley would retire in 2011.<br />
<br />
Shirley's successor, [[Felicity Irving]], was the first woman to be President of Surrow. Although initially continuing Shirley's policies, by 2013, Irving would begin instituting {{wp|socially conservative}} policies, which would lead to another caucus revolt in 2014 that saw [[Charles Menton]] become President. Menton would call a snap election, but was defeated by the ACTU, who for the first time would be the largest party in Parliament. However, ACTU lacked a majority, forcing it to form a coalition with Our Surrow.<br />
<br />
Under the presidency of [[Wyatt Martel]], he would create a "strong welfare state" in Withers' vision, and would focus his efforts on improving relations with the [[Native Surrowese]]. In 2015, he would apologize for the Northern Integration Scheme, and would designate {{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}} and {{wp|Inkutitut|Itchalnu}} as recognised languages in 2016. However, Martel would become unpopular as he was seen as an incompetent President, and in 2018, the ACTU-Our Surrow coalition would lose power, with [[Dwight Timbrell]] becoming President of Surrow.<br />
<br />
Timbrell's Presidency has been marked by efforts to diversify the Surrowese economy away from mining and fishing, for reducing access to Martel's welfare state, and to reduce the prominence of indigenous languages in Surrow that had been implemented under his predecessor. In 2022, Timbrell was re-elected for a second term.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[File:Stuffed_Newfoundland_wolf.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A stuffed {{wp|Newfoundland wolf|Surrowese wolf}} at the [[Surrowese Museum of Natural Science]], 2014]]<br />
Surrow is situated on the Surrowese archipelago, comprising of three islands: from south to north, the three islands are [[Holcot Island]] ({{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}}: ''Tshiuanakau''), [[Kikik Island]] ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''Qikiqtakuluk''), and [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''Qikiqtarjuaq''). The islands are rocky and hilly, with both Great Island and Kikik Island lacking trees. However, Holcot Island has some scattered forests, particularly south of the {{wp|Arctic Circle|Breuvician Circle}}, in protected inlets.<br />
<br />
The largest island, Great Island, is the second most populous island in the archipelago, despite its size, with 32,235 living on the island as of the 2021 census. Due to the harsh geography, extensive {{wp|permafrost}}, and lack of tree cover, Great Island is predominantly {{wp|tundra}}, with animals inhabiting Great Island including {{wp|polar bears}}. Like Holcot Island, the interior of Great Island is dominated by the [[Kakayit Mountains]], with it being home to the 2,147 metre high [[Pingasut Najangit]] (known as [[Pingasut Najangit|Mount Mortan]] until 2017), the highest point in all of Surrow. Pingasut Najangit is located in [[Stoney County]].<br />
<br />
Holcot Island is the most populous island in the Surrowese archipelago, despite it only being the second-largest island in the archipelago, as it is the only portion of the Surrowese archipelago with areas below the Breuvician Circle. As of the 2021 census, 139,047 lived on Holcot Island. Much of the interior regions of Holcot Inlet is dominated by the [[Elser Hills]], with the highest point in the range being [[Mount Takutat]], at 814 metres above sea level and located on the tripoint between [[Bodmer County]], [[Disappointment County]], and [[Grafton County]]. The Elser Hills mean that while tundra is prevalent to the north and the west of the island, in the eastern and southern regions of Holcot Island, a {{wp|boreal forest}} can exist on the island. This forest has traditionally supported numerous fauna, including the national animal of Surrow, the {{wp|Newfoundland wolf|Surrowese wolf}}, which went extinct in 1911.<br />
<br />
Finally, the smallest island, Kikik Island, is similar to Great Island in terms of climate, biome, and environment, although due to Kikik Island's small size, there is only a single mountain, known as [[Lombelon Hill]], rising to only 125 metres above sea level.<br />
<br />
<center><gallery><br />
Lumsden,_Newfoundland.jpg|[[Apitumiss Beach]] in [[Apitumiss]]<br />
Shoal_Bay.jpg|[[Chequan Cliffs]] near [[Holcot Inlet]]<br />
Lewis_Hills,_Long_Range_Mountains,_Newfoundland,_Canada_-_200707.jpg|[[Mount Takutat]]<br />
Mount_Odin_snow_and_ice.jpg|[[Pingasut Najangit]]<br />
Terrenceville_-_panoramio.jpg|[[Tern Harbour]]<br />
Polar-bear.jpg|Polar bear near [[Tulaktarvik]]<br />
</gallery></center><br />
<br />
===Climate===<br />
Due to Surrow's geographic position in the {{wp|Arctic|Breuvician}}, and the insular nature of the Surrowese archipelago, Surrow's climate tends to be cold. Most of the archipelago is described as a {{wp|tundra climate}}, with long and cold winters and short and cool summers, while in the southern regions of [[Holcot Island]], a {{wp|humid continental climate}} exists, with long and cold winters, but with short and warm summers.<br />
<br />
The highest temperature recorded in Surrow was 38.5°C on 3 July, 2021 in [[Holcot Inlet]], while the coldest temperature recorded in Surrow was -58 °C on December 29, 1958 in [[Arvittiavak]].<br />
<br />
==Government and politics==<br />
[[File:Confederation_Building_(front),_St._John's,_Newfoundland,_Canada.jpg|250px|thumb|left|View of [[Parliament House, Holcot Inlet|Parliament House]], 2017]]<br />
{{main|Politics of Surrow}}<br />
Surrow is a {{wp|unitary state|unitary}} {{wp|parliamentary republic}}, with an {{wp|executive president}}. It is governed by the [[Constitution of Surrow]], which declares that the {{wp|head of state}} and the {{wp|head of government}} is the [[President of Surrow]], currently [[Dwight Timbrell]] since the [[Elections in Surrow#2018|2018 general election]], with his deputy being [[Mariam Banks]], [[Deputy Prime Minister of Surrow]].<br />
<br />
The legislature of Surrow is the {{wp|unicameral legislature|unicameral}} [[Parliament of Surrow]], comprising of 66 seats. Since the 2018 election, the governing party is the {{wp|centre-right politics|centre-right}} [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]], with 46 seats, while the opposition party is the {{wp|socialist}} [[Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists (Surrow)|Alliance of Cooperativists and Trade Unionists]], with 17 seats. The remaining three seats are part of the {{wp|centrist}} [[Our Surrow]]. Historically, the {{wp|dominant party}} of Surrowese politics was the United People's Party, having formed government almost-continuously since 1935, with only two interruptions: an ACTU-[[Alliance Party (1970)|Alliance]] government led by [[Ian Withers]] from 1970 until its defeat in a {{wp|vote of no confidence}} in 1971, and an ACT-Our Surrow coalition led by [[Wyatt Martel]] from 2014 until 2018.<br />
<br />
Besides the three parties represented in Parliament, Surrow has four [[List of political parties in Surrow#Parties not represented in Parliament|other parties]] that are registered with [[Elections Surrow]].<br />
<br />
===Administrative divisions===<br />
{{main|Administrative divisions of Surrow}}<br />
Surrow is divided into five '''counties''' ({{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}}: ''assi'', {{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''naasainiqut'') and two '''districts''' ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}: ''aviktuqsimajut''). The counties are situated on [[Holcot Island]], [[Kikik Island]] and [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]], while all of the districts (formerly '''improvement districts''' until 2015) are on [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]].<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Map !! Name !! Seat !! Population (2021) !! Area<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=7|{{Surrow labelled map}} || [[Disappointment County]] || [[Apitumiss]] || 1,314 || 2,022.73<br />
|-<br />
| [[Iqittiniq District]] || [[Port Lochlan]] || 662 || 6,079.95<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kikik County]] || [[Lombelon Bay]] || 268 || 390.21<br />
|-<br />
| [[Southland County]] || [[Holcot Inlet]] || 122,628 || 1,511.90<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stoney County]] || [[Tulaktarvik]] || 31,146 || 9,079.49<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tuckamore County]] || [[Tern Harbour]] || 15,105 || 2,765.82<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ukiuqtaqtuq District]] || [[Arvittiavak]] || 427 || 6,338.67<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Foreign relations===<br />
[[File:StJohns_CanadaHouse.jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[Albrennia|Albrennian]] embassy in [[Holcot Inlet]], 2013]]<br />
Surrow's diplomatic relations is largely informed by its geography, which places Surrow firmly within the [[Albrennia|Albrennian]] invisible empire. Relations with Albrennia are seen as an important part of Surrow's diplomacy, with even [[Wyatt Martel]]'s presidency maintaining close ties with Albrennia, despite Martel vowing an "arms-length relationship," in part because relations between Albrennia and Surrow are largely handled by [[General Armaments]], instead of direct state-to-state relations, as is normal with other countries. Albrennia itself is the largest trade partner of Surrow, with Surrow receiving most of its imports from, and exporting most of its goods to Albrennia, with Albrennia's allies being major partners.<br />
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Due to Surrow's colonial history, it maintains especially strong relations with [[Rythene]], with one of Surrow's main foreign policy goals being to have good relations with the [[Commonwealth of Northern Auressia]]. Although due to geography and small population, trade with the Commonwealth of Northern Auressia is not as large as trade with Albrennia and the rest of the invisible empire, the Commonwealth is still Surrow's second-largest trade partner after the invisible empire.<br />
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Surrow is also a full member of the [[Assembly of Marceaunian States]], joining in 1974 during [[Isaac Rosenhain]]'s presidency in order to strengthen ties with the rest of Marecaunia.<br />
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===Military===<br />
[[File:Garden_Party_at_Government_House,_2014_(14602340699).jpg|250px|thumb|left|Surrowese soldiers at [[Government House, Holcot Inlet|Government House]], 2014]]<br />
Due to Surrow's small population, Surrow has a small [[Surrowese Armed Forces|military]], divided into three branches: the [[Surrowese Air Force]], the [[Surrowese Army]], and the [[Surrowese Navy]]. As of 2021, there are 858 personnel in the entirety of the Surrowese Armed Forces.<br />
<br />
The Surrowese Air Force is comprised of five helicopters, of which two are based in [[Gateway, Surrow|Gateway]], and three are based in [[Tulaktarvik]]. As of 2021, there are 108 personnel in the Surrowese Air Force, with most of the personnel responsible for maintenance of the helicopters and {{wp|helipads}} owned by the Surrowese Air Force.<br />
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The Surrowese Army is made up of 240 personnel, and divided into three {{wp|company (military unit)|companies}}, with one based in Gateway, one in [[Holcot Inlet]], and one in Tulaktarvik. The Surrowese Army is primarily ceremonial, although it can function as a {{wp|gendarmerie}} in cases where the [[Surrowese Constabulary]] needs assistance in dealing with high-risk situations.<br />
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Finally, the largest branch of the Surrowese Armed Forces is the Surrowese Navy, with 510 personnel serving in the Navy as of 2021, with four naval bases in [[Apitumiss]], Holcot Inlet, [[Port Lochlan]], and Tulaktarvik. The Surrowese Navy serves as a {{wp|coast guard}}, with its fleet being entirely comprised of {{wp|patrol boats}} and {{wp|lifeboat (rescue)|lifeboats}}.<br />
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Beyond the Surrowese Armed Forces, Surrow also has security guarantees from [[Albrennia]] that in the event of an attack on Surrow, the Albrennian military will come to Surrow's aid. However, due to both its location close to Albrennia, and the absence of hostile states in its immediate region, Surrow does not host any Albrennian military base.<br />
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===Law===<br />
[[File:Court_House_St_John_Newfoundland_(41364930021).jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[Supreme Court of Surrow|Supreme Courthouse]] in [[Holcot Inlet]], 2006]]<br />
Due to Surrow being colonised by [[Rythene]], Surrow's legal system is heavily based off of the [[Rythene#Law|Rythenean]] legal system. Thus, like Rythene, Surrow uses {{wp|common law}} as the basis for the Surrowese legal system.<br />
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The criminal justice system in Surrow is organized into three tiers, with {{wp|trial courts}} in county towns (as well as [[Bagshaw Cove]]), {{wp|appellate courts}} based in [[Holcot Inlet]] and [[Tulaktarvik]], and the [[Supreme Court of Surrow|Supreme Court]] in Holcot Inlet, with the Supreme Court comprised of five justices, and headed by a Chief Justice. In addition to the criminal justice system, {{wp|administrative courts}} exist that can be appealed to the Supreme Court, which deal with administrative issues as opposed to criminal issues.<br />
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Surrow has six prisons: two {{wp|juvenile prisons}} in Holcot Inlet and Tulaktarvik, two {{wp|low-security prison|low-security}} facilities in Holcot Inlet and Tulaktarvik, a {{wp|medium-security prison|medium-security}} prison in Holcot Inlet, and a {{wp|maximum security prison|high-security}} facility in Holcot Inlet.<br />
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Policing is handled by the [[Surrowese Constabulary]], although it can be augmented by the [[Surrowese Army]] in situations where the Surrowese Constabulary needs assistance with policing, primarily in "high-risk" situations.<br />
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==Economy==<br />
{{main|Economy of Surrow}}<br />
[[File:Stillwater_mine.jpg|250px|thumb|left|[[Tulaktarvik mine]], 1983]]<br />
As of 2021, Surrow's nominal {{wp|gross domestic product}} is $9,378,981,600, with its nominal {{wp|GDP per capita}} being at $54,672, while its {{wp|purchasing power parity}} is at $5,498,005,950, with a {{wp|PPP per capita}} at $32,049.<br />
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Historically, the largest industry in Surrow was the {{wp|cod fisheries}}, as due to the terrain of the Surrowese Archipelago that precluded the development of {{wp|agriculture}}, and the rich fishing waters surrounding it, it incentivised people to work in the fisheries. Until the late 1940s, {{wp|cod}} was the primary export of Surrow, with a small {{wp|timber industry}} helping to supplant incomes. The cod fisheries peaked in 1968, and since that point, cod production has been in decline, although {{wp|shellfish}} production has been increasing since the 1990s, and cod exports still make up a quarter of Surrow's fish exports.<br />
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However, with the discovery of {{wp|palladium}} in 1951 near [[Tulaktarvik]] on [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]], Surrow's economy became increasingly reliant on palladium mining, and today, the [[Tulaktarvik mine]], owned by [[General Armaments]], produces 45% of the world's palladium supply, with the country being dependent on the Tulaktarvik mine for economic stability.<br />
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Outside of the {{wp|primary sector}}, the {{wp|tertiary sector}} is the largest part of the Surrowese economy, with {{wp|public administration}} and {{wp|healthcare}} being the largest industries in Surrow's tertiary sector, with the next largest being the {{wp|retail sector}}, with major retail companies being [[Harris-Wiseman]], which operates most of Surrow's supermarkets, and [[Surrowese Co-Op]], a {{wp|cooperative}}. In addition, a small {{wp|secondary sector}} exists in Surrow, with major industries in that sector being {{wp|food processing}} (primarily of shellfish and cod) and {{wp|brewing}}.<br />
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===Transportation===<br />
[[File:Midnight_sun_over_the_Dempster_Highway.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Midnight sun over the [[Surrowese Highway]] in [[Apitumiss]], 2015]]<br />
Due to the geography of the Surrowese archipelago, and Surrow's sparse population, most transportation between communities is done by boat, with [[Surrow Government Ships]] providing daily service to and from most coastal communities in Surrow during the summer months, with some private companies like [[Stalwart Shipping]] offering passenger services to more remote {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}}, and others providing more frequent service between coastal towns.<br />
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In addition to maritime transportation, there are two major airports on Surrow: [[Surrow International Airport]], situated in [[Gateway, Surrow|Gateway]], [[Tuckamore County]], which serves as Surrow's primary {{wp|international airport}}, and [[Tulaktarvik International Airport]], situated near [[Tulaktarvik]] in [[Stoney County]]. Beyond these two airports, many smaller communities, particularly on [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] have airstrips, although these airstrips only handle small propeller planes. The only airline based in Surrow is [[NorthAir]].<br />
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For intra-island travel, [[Holcot Island]] has the most developed road network, with the [[Surrowese Highway]] connecting interior communities between [[Holcot Inlet]] to [[Apitumiss]], as well as coastal communities along its route. However, many roads outside the settlements, excluding the Surrowese Highway, and connections from communities to the highway are not paved, with an estimate that only around 45% of all roads on Hoclot Island are paved.<br />
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However, Great Island's and Kikik Island's geography and {{wp|permafrost}} effectively preclude significant road construction between communities, with the only inter-community road being the road between Tulaktarvik and [[Uangnaq]]. Thus, the only year-round means of transportation on these islands is sailing or hiking, although in the winter, {{wp|winter roads}} are constructed to connect some of the major communities, particularly Tulaktarvik to [[Port Lochlan]], with an {{wp|ice road}} connecting it to the Surrowese Highway in Apitumiss.<br />
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==Demographics==<br />
As of the 2021 census, 171,550 people lived in Surrow. Of the total population, 139,047 people, or around 81% of the Surrowese population live on [[Holcot Island]], 32,235 people, or around 19% of the Surrowese population live on [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]], and only 268 people, or almost zero percent of the Surrowese population, live on [[Kikik Island]].<br />
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===Education===<br />
[[File:QEII_and_Clock_Tower.jpg|250px|thumb|left|[[Ted Fisher Library]] and Memorial Clock Tower at the [[Surrow National University]], 2020]]<br />
Education in Surrow is heavily influenced by the [[Albrennia#Education|Albrennian education system]], due to Surrow's proximity to Albrennia and its friendly relations with Albrennia, with some structural influence from [[Rythene]] due to Surrow's past as a Rythenean colony. Most schools in Surrow are public, although some {{wp|private schools}} exist, primarily to serve Albrennian expatriate students, but some exist for religious reasons.<br />
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Education in Surrow starts with {{wp|preschool}}, with formal education only starting in the year students turn 6. Students continue attending {{wp|primary school}} until they turn 11, and then move on to {{wp|secondary schools}}, where they will attend until they turn 16, when compulsory education ends. However, most students continue attending school until finishing {{wp|Sixth Form}} when they turn 18, after which they take exams to determine if they will attend university or a polytechnic.<br />
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The only university in Surrow is [[Surrow National University]], with two campuses: the main campus in [[Holcot Inlet]], and a {{wp|satellite campus}} in [[Tulaktarvik]], with Surrow National University structured like an Albrennian university. Most high-achieving Surrowese students study at Albrennia's major universities, leading to only around 9,000 students attending Surrow National University.<br />
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There are two Surrowese polytechnics: [[Holcot Inlet Polytechnic]] in Holcot Inlet, and [[Tulaktarvik Polytechnic]] in Tulaktarvik. As of 2021, there are 11,000 students at both Surrowese polytechnics.<br />
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===Ethnicity===<br />
As of the 2021 census, around 90.8% of the Surrowese population, or 155,816 people, are of Auressian descent. Of these, it is estimated that 50% of the Auressian-Surrowese are of [[Rythene]] descent (which includes those from [[Sovar]]), 30% being descended from [[Tyrnica|Tyrnicans]], and the remaining 20% coming from other groups of Auressian descent, predominantly workers from [[Albrennia]].<br />
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The next largest racial group are Native Surrowese, which comprise around 6.5% of the population, or 11,102 people. The Native Surrowese can be split into two groups: the {{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}}, who traditionally inhabit [[Holcot Island]], and the {{wp|Inuit|Itchalnu}}, who traditionally inhabit [[Great Island (Surrow)|Great Island]] and [[Kikik Island]]. It is estimated that around 80% of Native Surrowese are Itchalnu, and the remainder are Chequan.<br />
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Finally, other races make up 2.7% of Surrow's population, or 4,632 people. These are primarily immigrants from other countries, such as (TBC).<br />
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===Religion===<br />
As of the 2021 census, 89.4% of Surrow's population, or 153,366 people, are [[Perendism|Perendist]]. The dominant sects of Perendism followed in Surrow include (TBC).<br />
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After Perendism, 0.6% of the population, or 1,029 people, follow other religions. These include religions from immigrant communities, such as TBC, {{wp|Inuit religion|Itchalnu religion}}, {{wp|Innu#Culture|Chequan religion}}, and {{wp|neopaganism}}.<br />
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Finally, 10% of the population of Surrow, or 17,155 people, are {{wp|irreligion|irreligious}}. This category includes {{wp|atheism}} or {{wp|agnosticism}}.<br />
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===Language===<br />
The sole official language in Surrow is {{wp|English language|Rythenean}}, with 97% of the population, or 166,404 speaking it as a first language, and with 99.1% of the population, or 170,006 reporting that they are fluent to some degree in Rythenean.<br />
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The two indigenous languages still spoken in Surrow are {{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}} and {{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}}. Of the two, Itchalnu is the most widely spoken, with 1.1% of the population, or 1,887 people, speaking it as a first language, and 15% of the population, or 25,733 people being fluent to some degree in it, while Chequan is only spoken by 0.4% of the population, or 686 people as a first language, and understood by only 6% of the population, or 10,293 people.<br />
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Foreign languages spoken in Surrow include {{wp|Germanic languages|Tyrnican}}, which historically had a sizable presence in Surrow to the point of having [[Surrowese Tyrnican|its own dialect]], (TBC).<br />
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===Largest cities===<br />
{{Largest settlements of Surrow}}<br />
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As of the 2021 census, around 94.2% of the Surrowese population live in the seven cities or towns of Surrow, with around 98.3% living in the top twenty settlements in Surrow. Of this figure, around 82% of the Surrowese population live in the two cities of Surrow: [[Holcot Inlet]], which alone comprises 64.4% of the country's population, and [[Tulaktarvik]].<br />
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Until the 1960s, more people lived in the smaller settlements, commonly known as {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}}, but as economic opportunities grew in Holcot Inlet and Tulaktarvik, many moved towards those two cities, leading to a declining and aging population in the outports of Surrow. This {{wp|rural flight}} peaked in the 1990s, but has declined significantly since then, due to higher prices in Holcot Inlet forcing people to commute from communities outside of Holcot Inlet, and because of most of those remaining choosing to stay in the outports.<br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
===Art===<br />
[[File:The_Rooms_(Southeast_face),_St._John's,_Newfoundland,_Canada.jpg|250px|thumb|left|[[National Gallery of Surrow]], 2017]]<br />
Until the early twentieth century, visual arts in Surrow were a minor phenomenon, with most paintings depicting Surrow until the early twentieth century being painted by visiting artists from [[Albrennia]], [[Rythene]], or [[Sovar]]. However, sculptures were a very common form of art, with [[Native Surrowese]] sculptures dating back all the way to the {{wp|Pre-Dorset|Pre-Armin culture}}, although most sculptures in Surrow are today heavily influenced by Auressian trends.<br />
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Beginning in the 1920s, Surrow would develop a strong visual arts scene, with the [[Surrow National University]] opening an art school in 1929, and led by [[Cecil Gatrell]], who studied art in [[Albrennia]] and was influenced by the Highlands School. Gatrell's students would come to dominate the Surrowese art scene from the 1930s until the 1970s, such as [[Elias Brecher]], [[Otto Frisch]], [[Audrey Morrow]], [[Alfie Stafford]], and [[Lonnie Herman]].<br />
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From the 1960s onward, the Surrowese art scene was transformed, as painters such as [[Betty Buckler]], [[Jeffrey Herman]], [[Douglas Mortan]], and [[Shaun Shaffer]] introduced modernist art to Surrow, with these artists moving away from depicting the Surrowese landscape and its rugged terrain towards depicting an "aspirational future" for Surrow, with the aspirational future seeing Surrow as an equal to Albrennia. These artists would introduce elements of surrealism and cubism into their works during the 1970s and 1980s, influencing current artists like [[Lila Arbour]], [[Kendra Mayer]], [[Trevor Magnusson]], and [[Winnie Simmons]].<br />
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Literature has been influenced by Rythenean and Albrennian trends, with some historical influence from Tyrnican literature, although unlike visual arts, literature in both {{wp|English language|Rythenean}} and [[Tyrnican language|Tyrnican]] has been prevalent since the early seventeenth century. Until the early twentieth century, literature was widely published in both Rythenean and Tyrnican, with literature depicting the harsh environment of Surrow and people's efforts to survive. Since the early twentieth century, virtually all literature in Surrow is published in Rythenean, while authors such as [[Annie Clipperton]], [[Sebastian Grafton]] and [[Peter Danielsson]] have written books that are heavily influenced by Albrennian genre conventions. However, most Surrowese-produced literature exhibit aspects of {{wp|garrison mentality}}.<br />
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However, the most important art form in Surrow has traditionally been performing arts, with {{wp|folk dancing}}, both by Native Surrowese and by settlers, and {{wp|theatre}} being the two most prominent performing arts in Surrow. <br />
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Theatre was the first to become professional, with the oldest still-active theatrical troupe in Surrow being the [[Holcot Inlet Theatrical Troupe]], established in 1887. Traditionally, Surrowese {{wp|theatrical troupes}} would travel from town to town during the summer months, and stay in [[Holcot Inlet]] during the winter, although in recent decades, most theatrical troupes have become theatrical companies based in either Holcot Inlet or [[Tulaktarvik]]. <br />
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The dominant folk dance style in Surrow is {{wp|English country dance|country dancing}}, introduced by Rythenean settlers. In 1974, interest in country dancing led to the establishment of a dance company, the [[Holcot Inlet Dance Company]], which has inspired six other clubs across Surrow. This was followed up by a revival in Tyrnican folk dances, such as the {{wp|Ländler|Tyrnican country dance}} and {{wp|waltz}}, leading to the [[Klinerhaven Dance Company]] being formed in 1981.<br />
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===Cuisine===<br />
[[File:FishAndBrewisWithScrunchions.jpg|250px|thumb|right|{{wp|Fish and brewis}} with {{wp|scrunchions}}]]<br />
Surrowese cuisine is primarily influenced by its settlement by [[Auressia|Aurressian]] fishermen from the sixteenth century onward, with heavy [[Rythene#Cuisine|Rythenean]] influence due to Surrow having been primarily settled by Rytheneans.<br />
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Due to the abundant marine life surrounding the Surrowese archipelago, {{wp|seafood}} has always been a major component of mainstream Surrowese cuisine. One of the best known examples of seafood in Surrowese cuisine is {{wp|fish and brewis}}, comprising of {{wp|cod}} and {{wp|hardtack}}, and served along a side of {{wp|scrunchions}}, or fried {{wp|pork rind}}, with fish and brewis traditionally consumed at lunch and at dinner. Other seafood dishes, like {{wp|fishcake}} with {{wp|summer savory}}, {{wp|fish pie|fisherman's pie}}, and {{wp|fish and chips}}, are also commonly consumed at lunch and dinner in Surrow, while {{wp|flipper pie}}, a {{wp|meat pie}} made from {{wp|harp seal}} flippers, is often consumed on special occasions, primarily Discovery Day.<br />
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Other dishes common in mainstream Surrowese cuisine include {{wp|baked beans}}, commonly consumed at breakfast; {{wp|blueberry pie}}, commonly consumed as a dessert; {{wp|sausages and mash}}, commonly consumed at breakfast, and {{wp|dulse|sea lettuce}}, commonly consumed as a snack. Furthermore, [[Albrennia#Cuisine|Albrennian cuisine]] has exerted a significant influence on Surrowese cuisine, due to Surrow's extensive connections with [[Albrennia]] over the centuries, leading to most dishes popular in Albrennia becoming common in Surrow.<br />
<br />
In contrast, indigenous cuisines have generally remained unknown among the general Surrowese population, although {{wp|pemmican}}, {{wp|ptarmigan}}, and {{wp|seal}} are traditionally associated with the {{wp|Innu|Chequan}}, while {{wp|whale meat}}, {{wp|Chamaenerion angustifolium|great willowherb}}, {{wp|polar bear}}, and {{wp|seals}} are associated with the {{wp|Inuit|Itchalnu}}.<br />
<br />
Besides food, Surrowese beverage traditions have largely been informed by Albrennian and Rythenean influences, with {{wp|beer}} being by the far the most popular alcoholic beverage, followed by {{wp|whiskey}}. While most alcoholic beverages in Surrow are imported, primarily from Albrennia and Rythene, there are some brewers based in Surrow, with the largest being [[Whitlock Brewing Company]], which produces {{wp|ales}} and {{wp|lagers}}, while since the 1990s, a small but thriving {{wp|microbrewery}} scene has emerged in Surrow.<br />
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===Media===<br />
[[File:When_we_eventually_got_there,_it_was_pouring_like_crazy_(26985267234).jpg|250px|thumb|left|Former telegraph station at Guardian Promentory in [[Holcot Inlet]], 2015]]<br />
Due to Surrow's small population, Surrowese media is generally limited, with the few domestic media outlets largely concentrated in [[Holcot Inlet]], and most of these being either owned by the Surrowese government, by the [[Altman Media Group]], or by the [[Arnarson Press]].<br />
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The only daily newspaper on Surrow is the Altman Media Group-owned ''[[Daily Fisherman]]'', based in Holcot Inlet. The most prominent competitor to the ''Daily Fisherman'' is the Arnarson Press-owned ''[[Holcot Inlet Herald]]'', published thrice a week, and owned by, and the Altman Media Group-owned ''[[Tulaktarvik Times]]'', published once weekly.<br />
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There are eighteen radio stations in Surrow, with the largest networks being the government-owned [[Surrow Broadcasting Corporation]], which operates nine radio stations, serving [[Apitumiss]], [[Arvittiavak]], [[Davers Harbour]], [[Gisborne Reed]], [[Hairings Harbour]], Holcot Inlet, [[Lombelon Bay]], [[Port Lochlan]], and [[Tulaktarvik]], and the Altman Media Group-owned [[Altman Radio]], operating six stations, with four in Holcot Inlet, and two in Tulaktarvik. Arnarson Press operates two {{wp|talk radio}} stations, with one each in Holcot Inlet and Tulaktarvik, and the [[Surrow National University]] operates a radio station in Holcot Inlet.<br />
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There is only one domestically-run television network, with the government-owned Surrow Broadcasting Corporation operating television stations in Holcot Inlet and Tulaktarvik, with transmitters in nearly every community. However, an independent television station exists in Holcot Inlet, and most Surrowese have access to foreign television networks by {{wp|cable TV|cable}} or {{wp|satellite TV|satellite}}.<br />
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===Music===<br />
[[File:Great-big-sea.jpg|250px|thumb|right|{{wp|Great Big Sea}}, 2009]]<br />
Traditional Surrowese music is marked by extensive [[Rythene#Music|Rythenean]] and [[Tyrnica#Music|Tyrnican]] influences, with some influences from [[Sovar#Music|Sovarese]] music. Most of the music associated with traditional Surrowese music are based on {{wp|sea shanties}} and sailing songs, due to the maritime nature of Surrowese society, with {{wp|work songs}} being very common among fishermen. However, marching bands and [[Perendism|Perendist]] {{wp|hymns}} contributed significantly to the development of traditional Surrowese music. In additional, traditional folk songs from Rythene, Sovar, and Tyrnica were given new lyrics to reflect Surrowese conditions and Surowese life.<br />
<br />
One of the most notable traditional Surowese composers was {{wp|Johnny Burke (Newfoundland songwriter)|Thaddeus Tabiner}}, who wrote many songs during the early twentieth century, such as ''{{wp|Excursion Around The Bay}}'' and ''{{wp|Kelligrews Soiree|The Bowman Inlet Soiree}}''. However, traditional Surrowese music declined in popularity from the 1940s onward as other styles of music, such as Albrennian rhythm and Albrennian pop music made their way into Surrow, and it was only in the 1980s that traditional Surrowese music would see a revival, driven by traditional Surrowese bands such as {{wp|Great Big Sea}}, [[Reisenden]], [[The Fleck Sisters]], and [[The Whalers (Surrowese band)|The Whalers]].<br />
<br />
Non-traditional Surrowese music, in contrast, has been heavily influenced by Albrennian music trends, with the [[George Greenhill Company]] greatly influencing the development of non-traditional Surrowese music as virtually all non-traditional musicians and bands are affiliated with George Greenhill-owned labels. The dominant genres in non-traditional Surrowese music are pop, rock-and-roll, and rhythm music. Prominent non-traditional Surrowese musicians include [[Jacob Clarkson]], [[Timmy Kellerman]], [[Evelyn Martell]], [[Lars Nolsoe]], [[Irena Paulsen]], and [[Amber Wall]], while prominent non-traditional Surrowese bands include [[Around the Bay]], the {{wp|Florian Hoefner Trio|Hoefner Trio}}, {{wp|Mercy, the Sexton}}, and [[Sunrise (band)|Sunrise]].<br />
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Indigenous music has generally been neglected, although {{wp|Inuit music|Itchalnu music}} is still common among the Itchalnu, and elements of it, such as {{wp|katajjaq}}, have made it into some contemporary music. However, Itchalnu music has been receiving more influence from both traditional and non-traditional Surrowese music, with one band, [[Aputaijainiq]], producing pop music with elements of traditional Itchalnu music.<br />
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===Sports===<br />
[[File:Dallas_Sidekicks_vs_Texas_Strikers_B_-_23_February_2013.jpg|250px|thumb|left|{{wp|Indoor football}} match at [[Ted Fisher Centre]] in [[Gateway, Surrow|Gateway]], 2013]]<br />
Despite Surrow's northerly location and small population, Surrow has a vibrant sporting culture, with the two most popular sports in Surrow are {{wp|association football|football}} and {{wp|curling}}, with football being designated the national summer sport, and curling the national winter sport.<br />
<br />
Football is popular in Surrow, with the [[Surrow national football team|Surrowese national football team]] playing their home games at the 5,000 seat [[Surrowese National Stadium]] in [[Holcot Inlet]], with the Surrowese national football team making its first appearance in the [[World Cup (Levilion)|World Cup]] at the [[2022 World Cup]] in [[Audonia]]. However, due to the geography and weather precluding outdoor football from being played for most of the year in most of Surrow, most football activity is done {{wp|indoor soccer|indoors}}, with an indoor league, the [[Surrowese Football League]] being the primary football league in Surrow, comprising of seven teams, and smaller communities often having teams of their own.<br />
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Likewise, curling is popular in Surrow, with most communities in Surrow featuring their own {{wp|curling rinks}} and {{wp|curling clubs}}. The [[Surrowese Curling Association]] plays every winter, with it comprised of eleven teams from across the Surrowese archipelago. Curling in Surrow is traditionally {{wp|mixed curling|mixed}}, with two men and two women, including at the Surrowese Curling Association.<br />
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Other sports that are popular among the Surrowese include {{wp|sailing}}, {{wp|cross-country skiing}}, {{wp|biathlon}}, and {{wp|sport fishing}}. In addition, some {{wp|Arctic sports|traditional sports}} among indigenous peoples, such as the {{wp|high kick}} and the {{wp|nalukataq|blanket toss}} are still commonly practiced among the {{wp|Inuit people|Itchalnu}}, although these traditional sports are not as popular among the non-Itchalnu population of Surrow.<br />
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===Public holidays===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Date !! Rythenean name !! Description<br />
|-<br />
| January 1 || ''New Year's Day'' || Celebrates the new year<br />
|-<br />
| ''Third Monday of February'' || ''Family Day'' || Celebrates the family<br />
|-<br />
| April 28 || ''Memorial Day'' || Commemorates fishermen who died at sea<br />
|-<br />
| May 1 || ''Labour Day'' || Commemorates the sacrifices made by workers to advance their rights<br />
|-<br />
| June 21 || ''Indigenous People's Day'' || Celebrates the culture and resilience of indigenous peoples in Surrow<br />
|-<br />
| June 24 || ''Discovery Day'' || Celebrates the discovery of the Surrowese islands, {{wp|national day}}<br />
|-<br />
| ''First Monday of August'' || ''County Day'' || Celebrates the culture of the counties<br />
|-<br />
| ''Second Monday of October'' || ''[[Thanksgiving (Surrow)|Thanksgiving]]'' || Celebrates the catch made over the preceding fishing season<br />
|-<br />
| October 28 || ''Remembrance Day'' || Commemorates all victims of war<br />
|-<br />
| December 21 || ''Tribulation Day'' || Commemorates the Tribulation at Micantium<br />
|-<br />
| December 31 || ''New Year's Eve'' || Celebrates the end of the year<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Levilion]][[Category:Surrow]]</div>Luziyca