Sandbox:Mokhavic: Difference between revisions

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|-
|-
! Benefactial
! Benefactial
| -ижба
| -й/ижба
| меижба, моижба (for who,/what)
| меижба, моижба (for who,/what)
| чам'''ижба''' (for a man)
| чам'''ижба''' (for a man)

Revision as of 01:35, 16 May 2021

Syllables

syllables: Complex
(C)(C)V(C)(S) S - /s/, /ʃ/, (/f/)

Stress

Syllable stress:
Always on the first syllable, unless the word is in plural*

Phonology

Labial Dental Alveolar Post-
alveolar 		Palatal Velar glottal
Nasal m n
Plosive voiceless p t k
voiced b d ɣ (ɡ)[a]
Affricate voiceless t̬͡s[b] t̬͡ʃ[c]
voiced
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ x~h
voiced v z ʒ
Aproximant voiced (w)[d] l j
ʎ
Tap & Trill voiced ɾ
  1. ↑ Some speakers pronounce it as /g/, mainly 2L speakers, but naturally it occurs mainly in loanwords and in stressed syllables.
  2. ↑ It's ussually voiced after voiced consonants, but the langauge dosent distinguish voiced d͡z and voicless t͡s.
  3. ↑ It's ussually voiced after voiced consonants, but the langauge dosent distinguish voiced d͡ʒ and voicless t͡ʃ.
  4. ↑ Commonly found in loanwords and a variant of /l/ in some dialects.
Front Back
Close i u
Close-Mid ɤ
Open-Mid ɛ ɔ
Open a~ɑ


Writing system

Govoric version:

А а Ӑ ӑ Б б В в Г г Д д Е е Ж ж З з
И и Й й К к Л л М м Н н О о Ó ó П п
Р р С с Т т У у Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Ш ш
Ы ы Ь ь Ю ю Я я


Romanized version:

А а Ӑ ӑ B b C c Č č D d E e F f G g
H h I i J j K k L l M m N n O o Ó ó
P p Q q R r S s Š š T t U u V v W w
X x Y y Z z Ž ž


Bruh Name IPA Romanized
А а а /a/ a /ɐ/ when reduced.
Ӑ ӑ ӑ /ɤ/ ă /ə/ when reduced.
Б б бӑ /b/ b
В в вӑ /v/ v
Г г гӑ /ɣ/,/ɡ/ g Usually by 2L speakers, foreing loanwords, and in some dialects, it gets pronoucned as /ɡ/.
Д д дӑ /d/ d
Е е е /ɛ/ e /e~ɪ/ when reduced.
Ж ж жӑ /ʒ/ ž
З з зӑ /z/ z
И и и /i/ i
Й й йӑ /j/ j It's used only as a first letter, when it appears after a vowel.
К к кӑ /k/ k
Л л лӑ /l/ l In some dialects it can get pronounced /w/ after vowels.
Ль ль льӑ /ʎ/ lj
М м мӑ /m/ m
Н н нӑ /n/ n
О о о /ɔ/ o
Ó ó оу /ɔ/,/u/ ó It's used in round vowel harmony for both /ɔ/,/u/ & sometimes /o/.
П п пӑ /p/ p
Р р рӑ /ɾ/, /r/ r
С с сӑ /s/ s
Т т тӑ /t/ t
У у у /u/ u
Ф ф фӑ /f/ f
х х хӑ /x~h/ h
Ц ц цӑ /t̬͡s/ c The language dosen't distinguish voiced/unvoiced versions of /t͡s~d͡z/ & /t͡ʃ~d͡ʒ/,

instead the value of the sound is often determied by the previous sound, if it's voiceless or a vowel
the affricate is also voiceless, if its voiced, then the affricate is voiced too, but it the voiceness
dosen't matter in practice.

Ч ч чӑ /t̬͡ʃ/ č
Ш ш шӑ /ʃ/ š
Ы ы ӑ-паль,
и-грек 		/ɤ/ y Only in loanwords.
Ь ь йӑ-паль /◌ʲ/ j Used only after consonants, except in conbination with 'У у' for the govoric version of 'W w'.
Ю ю ю /ju/ ju
Я я я /ja/,/ɛ/ ja/е In some dialects it geats read as /ɛ/ when its between consonants.
Кь кь Кю /kʷ/,/kʲ/,/c/ q Only in foreign words. /kʷ/ after every vowel except ⟨i⟩ & ⟨e⟩, where its /kʲ/.
Уь уь
Ў ў 		уьӑ
ўӑ 		/w/ w Only in foreign words, ⟨ў⟩ is used only in handwriting and sometimes in logos.
Кс кс икс /k͡s/ x Only in foreign words
  • Long vowels and consonants are marked by gimination.

Syntax

Syntax:
SOV (SVO for intensity on the V)
Adjectives - Noun
Noun - Postposition
Possesee - Possessor

Pronouns

  Nom. Gen. Dat. Acu. Ins. Com. Compr. Ine. Ade. Poste. Supe. Sube All. Abl. Lat. Ela. Bene. Voc. Adj. Adv.
Singular First мийе мийс ми йем мино мимах мянле мийш мика мизи мима мипша миле мисао мяхк мйепе мийжба - мийв мийдӑл
Second ше шес ше шей шено шемах шенле шейш шека шези шема шепша шеле шесао шехк шепе шейжба ши! шев шедӑл
Third proximal ой ойс йо ойи ойно оймах ойнле ойш ойка ойзи ойма ойпша ойле ойсао ойхк ойпе ойжба - ойв ойдӑл
distal ая аяс айо аяй аяно аямах аянле аяш аяка аязи аяма аяпша аяле аясао аяхк аяпе аяйжба - аяв аявдӑл
Plural First чен ченс че ченно ченмах ченнле ченш ченка чензи ченма ченпша ченле ченсао ченахк ченпе ченижба - ченав чендӑл
Second смен сменс сме сменно сменмах сменнле сменш сменка смензи сменма сменпша сменле сменсао сменахк сменпе сменижба сме! сменав смендӑл
Third proximal они онис нийо оний онино онимах онинле ониш оника онизи онима онипша ониле онисао онихк онипе онийжба - онив онидӑл
distal ана анас анао анай анано анамах ананле анаш анака анази анама анапша анале анасао анахк анапе анайжба - анав анавдӑл
Self тоф тофс то тофно тофмах тофнле тофш тофка тофзи тофма тофпша тофле тофсао тофахк тофпе тофижба - тофав тофдӑл

Grammar

Plurality
Multisyllabic Monosyllabic
-(т)aр
-(t)ar 		-(т)ӑби
-(t)ӑbi
Defenitiness
Sing. -(т)ӑ
-(t)ӑ
Plur. -тфа
-tfa
Vowel Harmony
(apears in verbs)
Harmony Vowel
Back
a, ӑ 		a
Front
e, и/i 		e
Round
o, у/u 		ó

Cases

Case Name Suffix Question Words Example
Nominative - мe, мo (who, what; subject) чам (a man; subject)
Genitive -(а)с мес, мос (whose, what's) чамас (of a man)
Dative -(а)ти мети, моти (to whom, to what/why) чамати (to a man)
Accusative -(а)м мем, мом (whom, what; object) чамам (a man; object)
Instrumental -(а)но мено, моно (with who, with what) чамано (with a man)
Comitative -мах мемах, момах (with whom, with what) чаммах (with a man)
Comparative -(а)нле менле, монле (like who, like what) чаманле (like a man)
Inessive -(а)ш меш, мош (in who[a],/what) чамаш (in a man)
Adessive -ка мека, мока (neer who, neer what) чамка (neer a man)
Postessive -(а)зи мези, мози (Behind who,/what) чамази (Behind a man)
Superessive -(v)ма мема, мома (On top of who,/what) чамма (on top of a man)
Subessive -пша мепша, мопша (Under of who,/what) чампша (under a man)
Allative -ле меле, моле (towards who, where to) чамле (towards a man)
Ablative -сао месао, мосао, мсао (from who,/what/where) чамсао (from a man)
Lative -ахк меахк, моахк (into who,/what) чамахк (into a man)
Elative -епе меепе, моепе (Out of who,/what) чамепе (out of a man)
Benefactial -й/ижба меижба, моижба (for who,/what) чамижба (for a man)
Vocative -/о,-е[b] - чаме (man/dude!)
Adjective -(а)в моав (like what-adj) чамв (manly -adj)
Adverbial -(а)дӑл мадӑл (how-adv) чамдӑл (manly -adv)
  1. ↑ In mokhavic, to say "who has the <item>" you would literally say it as "in who is the <item>"
  2. ↑ -/o is when the word ends in a vowel, and -e when it ends in a consonant.

Tenses

Mood Person Number Past Present Future Future
in the
past
Simple Perfect Simple Continious Simple Perfect Simple
Indicative 1st Singular <w> <w> <w> <w> <w> <w> <w>
Plural <w> <w> <w> <w> <w> <w> <w>
2nd Singular <w> <w> <w> <w> <w> <w> <w>
Plural <w> <w> <w> <w> <w> <w> <w>
3d Singular <w> <w> <w> <w> <w> <w> <w>
Plural <w> <w> <w> <w> <w> <w> <w>
Imperative All Singular <w>
Plural <w>
-Self Singular <w>
Plural <w>

<w> - word /with vowel according to harmony ; (v) vowel according to harmony

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