User:Native Qazh/Sandbox3: Difference between revisions

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(Replaced content with "{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" | {{wp|Labial consonant|Labial}} ! colspan="2" | {{wp|Dental consonant|Dental}} ! colspan=...")
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{{Infobox settlement
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
| name                            = Tayamo Autonomous Republic
| anthem                          = <br>''[PlaceHolder]''<br /> {{smaller|"[PlaceHolder]"}}
| official_make                  =
| native_name                    = ''[PlaceHolder]'' <small>[[Haydag language|(Haydag)]]</small><br>''[PlaceHolder]'' <small>[[Tayamo language|(Tayamo)]]</small>
| settlement_type                = [[Qazhshava|Republic]]
| imagesize                      = 275px
| image_caption                  =
| image_flag                      =
| flag_size                      = 125px
| flag_alt                        =
| image_shield                    =
| shield_size                    = 100x100px
| shield_alt                      =
| image_map                      =
| mapsize                        = 275px
| map_caption                    =
| coordinates                    =
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name                = {{Flag|Qazhshava}}
| seat_type                      = {{wp|Capital city|Capital}}
| seat                            = [PlaceHolder]
| leader_party                    = [PlaceHolder]
| leader_title                    = [PlaceHolder]
| leader_name                    = [PlaceHolder]
| area_total_km2                  = 14,208
| area_rank                      =
| population_footnotes            =
| population_total                = [PlaceHolder]
| population_as_of                = 2020
| population_rank                =
| population_density_km2          = auto
| population_blank1_title        = Percentage
| population_blank1              = [%] of Qazhshava
| population_demonyms            = Tayamo
| timezone                        =
| utc_offset                      = −11:30
| timezone_DST                    =
| utc_offset_DST                  =
| postal_code                    =
| iso_code                        =
| blank_name_sec1                = Regions
| blank_info_sec1                =
{{plainlist|
*Northern
*Central
*Southern
}}<br>
| blank1_name_sec1                = {{wp|Official language}}
| blank1_info_sec1                =
{{plainlist|
*Tayamo
*[[Haydag language|Haydag]]
}}<br>
| blank_name_sec2                = Legislature
| blank_info_sec2                = [PlaceHolder]
| blank1_name_sec2                = Seats in Parliament
| blank1_info_sec2                = [PlaceHolder]
| blank2_name_sec2                =
| blank2_info_sec2                =
| blank3_name_sec2                = {{wp|Human Development Index|HDI}} (2018)
| blank3_info_sec2                = 0.718<br/>{{color|green|high}}
| website                        =
| official_name                  =
}}
 
='Kamak-Julche' language(s)=
{{Infobox language
| name            = -
| altname          =
| nativename      = 줄채 (джулче, julche)
| acceptance      =
| image            =
| imagesize        = <!-- or image_size -->
| imagealt        =
| imagecaption    =
| pronunciation    =
| states          = {{flag|Qazhshava}}<!-- or state -->
| region          =
| creator          =
| created          =
| setting          =
| ethnicity        = - people
| extinct          =
| era              =
| speakers        = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_language L1]: <br>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_language L2]:
| date            =
| dateprefix      =
| ref              = <!-- up to e21 (or current edition) if ref is ''Ethnologue'' -->
| refname          =
| speakers2        =
| revived          =
| revived-category = <!-- or revived-cat -->
| familycolor      = isolate
| fam1            = -
| fam2            =
| fam3            =
| protoname        =
| ancestor        =
| ancestor2        = <!-- up to ancestor8 -->
| standards        =
| stand1          = -
| stand2          = <!-- up to stand6 -->
| dialects        =
| listclass        =
| dia1            = -
| dia2            =
| dia3            =
| dia4            =
| script          = [[wikipedia:Hangul|- alphabet]]<br>([[wikipedia:Latin script|Latin]],<br>[[wikipedia:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]])
| sign            =
| posteriori      =
| nation          = {{flag|Qazhshava}}
| minority        =
| agency          =
| development_body =
| iso1            = -
| iso1comment      =
| iso2            = -
| iso2b            =
| iso2t            =
| iso2comment      =
| iso3            = -
| iso3comment      =
| lc1              =
| ld1              =
| lc2              = <!-- up to lc30 -->
| ld2              = <!-- up to ld30 -->
| iso6            =
| isoexception    =
| linglist        =
| lingname        =
| linglist2        = <!-- up to linglist6 -->
| lingname2        = <!-- up to lingname6 -->
| glotto          =
| glottoname      =
| glotto2          = <!-- up to glotto5 -->
| glottoname2      = <!-- up to glottoname5 -->
| aiatsis          =
| aiatsisname      =
| aiatsis2        = <!-- up to aiatsis6 -->
| aiatsisname2    = <!-- up to aiatsisname6 -->
| guthrie          =
| ELP              =
| ELPname          =
| ELP2            = <!-- up to ELP6 -->
| ELPname2        = <!-- up to ELPname6 -->
| glottopedia      =
| lingua          =
| lingua_ref      =
| ietf            =
| map              =
| mapsize          =
| mapalt          =
| mapcaption      = Distribution of the language<br>{{legend|#007FFE|Absolute majority}}{{legend|#87C3FE|>50% are native speakers}}
| map2            =
| mapalt2          =
| mapcaption2      =
| pushpin_map      =
| pushpin_image    =
| pushpin_map_alt  =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_mapsize  =
| pushpin_label          =
| pushpin_label_position  =
| coordinates      = <!-- use {{Coord}} -->
| module          =
| notice          = IPA
}}
==Phonology==
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
! colspan="2" |
! [[wikipedia:Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! [[wikipedia:Labiodental consonant|Labio-<br>dental]]
! [[wikipedia:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[wikipedia:Post-Alveolar consonant|Post-<br>Alveolar]]
! [[wikipedia:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[wikipedia:Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[wikipedia:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="2" | [[wikipedia:Nasal stop|Nasal]]
| m ⟨ㅁ⟩
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| n ⟨ㄴ⟩
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[wikipedia:stop consonant|Stop]] <br /> and<br />[[wikipedia:affricate consonant|affricate]]
! <small>plain</small>
| b̥ ⟨ㅃ⟩
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| d̥ ⟨ㄷ⟩
| d̥͡z̝̊ ⟨ㅈ⟩
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| ɡ̊ ⟨ㄱ⟩
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
|-
! <small>[[wikipedia:Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]</small>
| pʰ ⟨ㅍ⟩
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| tʰ ⟨ㅌ⟩
| t͡s̝ʰ ⟨ㅊ⟩
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| kʰ ⟨ㅋ⟩
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
|-
! colspan="2" | [[wikipedia:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| v (ㅂ)
| colspan="2"| s~s̝ ⟨ㅅ⟩<br> ɮ̊~ɬ ⟨ㅆ⟩<br> l ⟨ㄹ⟩
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| colspan="2"| x~h ⟨ㅎ⟩
|-
! colspan="2" | [[wikipedia:Tap and flap consonants consonant|Tap]]
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| ɾ ⟨ㅿ⟩
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | [[wikipedia:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| w
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| j
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! rowspan="2" |  
! rowspan="2" |  
! rowspan="2" | [[wikipedia:Front vowel|Front]]
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Labial consonant|Labial}}
! colspan="2" | [[wikipedia:Central vowel|Central]]
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Dental consonant|Dental}}
! rowspan="2" | [[wikipedia:Back vowel|Back]]
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Ppalatal consonant|Palatal}}
|-
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Velar consonant|Velar}}~{{wp|uvular consonant|Uvular}}
! Opaque
! Transparent
|-
! [[wikipedia:Close vowel|Close]]
| {{IPAlink|i}} ⟨ㅣ⟩
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| {{IPAlink|u}}(~{{IPAlink|o}}) ⟨ㅜ⟩
|-
! [[wikipedia:mid vowel|Mid]]*
| {{IPAlink|ɛ}}(~{{IPAlink|e}}) ⟨ㅐ⟩
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| {{IPAlink|ɤ}} ⟨ㅡ⟩
| {{IPAlink|ʌ̹}} ⟨ㅓ⟩
|-
! [[wikipedia:Open vowel|Open]]
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| {{IPAlink|a}} ⟨ㅏ⟩
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
|-
! colspan="5" |
|-
! [[wikipedia:Vowel Harmony|Harmony]]
| ɛ(~e)
| a
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| u(~o)
|-
|}
* /ɛ/ usually becomes /e/ when in harmony with /i/
* /u/ usually becomes /o/ when in harmony with /ʌ̹/
* when /ɤ/ is the vowel of a monosyllabic word, it harmonizes with /a/
* /a/ flows between /ɐ/ and /ə/ when unstressed, usually /ə/ when in hramony with /ɤ/
 
==Writign system==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Order
!1 !!2 !!3 !!4 !!5 !!6 !!7 !!8 !!9 !!10
!11 !!12 !!13 !!14 !!15 !!16 !!17 !!18 !!19 !!20
!21 !!22 !!23 !!24 !!25 !!26 !!27 !!28 !!29
|-
![[wikipedia:Hangul|-]]
|ㄱ||ㅋ||ㄴ||ㄷ||ㅌ||ㄹ||ㅿ||ㅁ||ㅃ||ㅍ||ㅂ||ㅅ||ㅆ||ㅈ||ㅊ||ㅎ||ㅏ||ㅑ||ㅐ||ㅒ||ㅓ||ㅕ||ㅜ||ㅠ||ㅡ||ㅣ|| || ||ㅇ
|-
![[wikipedia:Latin script|Latin]]
|g ||k ||n ||d ||t ||l ||r ||m ||b ||p ||v ||s ||lh ||j ||c ||h ||a ||ya ||e ||ye ||ŏ (o)||yŏ (yo)||u ||yu ||ŭ ||i ||w ||y ||
|-
![[wikipedia:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]
|г ||к ||н ||д ||т ||л ||р ||м ||б ||п ||в ||с ||лх ||дж ||ч ||х ||а ||я ||е ||йе ||ŏ (o)||йŏ (йo)||у ||ю ||ъ ||и ||ў ||й, ь ||
|-
![[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA Sound]]
|{{IPAlink|ɡ̊}} ||{{IPAlink|kʰ}} ||{{IPAlink|n}} ||{{IPAlink|d̥}} ||{{IPAlink|tʰ}} ||{{IPAlink|l}} ||{{IPAlink|ɾ}} ||{{IPAlink|m}} ||{{IPAlink|b̥}} ||{{IPAlink|pʰ}} ||{{IPAlink|v}} ||{{IPAlink|s~s̝}} ||{{IPAlink|ɮ̊}}~{{IPAlink|ɬ}} ||{{IPAlink|d̥͡z̝̊}} ||{{IPAlink|t͡s̝ʰ}} ||{{IPAlink|x}}~{{IPAlink|h}} ||{{IPAlink|a}} ||ja ||{{IPAlink|ɛ}}(~{{IPAlink|e}}) ||jɛ ||{{IPAlink|ʌ̹}} ||jʌ̹ ||{{IPAlink|u}}~({{IPAlink|o}}) ||ju(~jo) ||{{IPAlink|ɤ}} ||{{IPAlink|i}} ||{{IPAlink|w}} ||{{IPAlink|j}} || Ø
|}
*ŏ is usually spelled as just o
 
=Grammar and stuff=
==Syntax & Syllable structure==
SOV
possessor-possessee
noun like adjectives
adjective-noun
postpositions
aux-verb
 
syllables:(C)(S)V(L)(C)
C - consonant
S - semivowel
V - vowel
L - l ɾ m n
 
==Nouns==
===Number===
*singular: no affix (wen)
*plural: +lhⓥ (wen'''lhe''')
*plural when word ends in /d̥͡z̝̊, s̝, ɮ̊, l/ or in a consonant cluster: +ⓥn (jeld -> jeld'''en''')
 
===Articles===
{| class="wikitable"; style="text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Type
! colspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="5" | Plural
|-
! Word
! Аffix<br>(end-consonant)
! Example
! Аffix<br>(end-vowel &<br>L consonant)
! Example
! Word
! Аffix<br>(-lhⓥ)
! Example
! Аffix<br>(-ⓥn)
! Example
|-
! indefinite
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| jeld (time/weather)
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| kŏ (stone)
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| wen'''lhe''' (people)
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| was'''an''' (tree'''s''')
|-
! definite
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| -ⓥ
| jeld'''e''' ('''the''' time/weather)
| -tⓥ
| kŏ'''tu''' ('''the''' stone)
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| -tⓥ
| wenlhe'''te''' ('''the''' people)
| -tⓥ
| wasan'''ta''' ('''the''' trees)
|-
! Proximal-<br>demonstrative
| kum
| -kⓥm
| jeld'''kem''' ('''this''' time/weather)
| -kⓥm
| kŏ'''kum''' ('''this''' stone)
| kulhun
| -lhⓥ
| wenlhe'''lhe''' ('''these''' people)
| -ⓥn
| wasan'''an''' ('''these''' trees)
|-
! Distal-<br>demonstrative
| hwa
| -hⓥw
| jeld'''hew''' ('''that''' time/weather)
| -hⓥw
| kŏ'''huw''' ('''that''' stone)
| hwalhan
| -hⓥw
| wenlhe'''hew''' ('''those''' people)
| -hⓥw
| wasan'''haw''' ('''those''' trees)
|-
|}
 
===Cases===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! rowspan="2" | Case
! colspan="2" | end-vowel &<br>L consonants
! colspan="2" | end-consonant
|-
! Affix
! Example
! Affix
! Example
|-
! Nominative
| -Ø
| dilha (woman -NOM)
| -Ø
| lheh (canoe -NOM)
|-
! Dative
| -(ⓥ)d
| dilha'''d'''  (to a woman)
| -ⓥd
| lheh'''ed''' (to a canoe)
|-
! Genative
| -nⓥn
| dilha'''nan'''  (of a woman)
| -nⓥn
| lheh'''nen''' (of a canoe)
|-
! Accusitive
| -hⓥ
| dilha'''ha'''  (woman -ACC)
| -ⓥh
| lheh'''eh''' (canoe -ACC)
|-
! Instrumental
| -dⓥw
| dilha'''daw'''  (using a woman)
| -ⓥwd
| lheh'''ewd''' (using a canoe)
|-
! Comitative
| -kⓥ
| dilha'''ka'''  (with a woman)
| -ⓥg
| lheh'''eg''' (with a canoe)
|-
! Comparative
| -(ⓥ)rh
| dilha'''rh'''  (than/as a woman)
| -ⓥrh
| lheh'''erh''' (than/as a canoe)
|-
! Inessive
| -(ⓥ)v
| dilha'''v'''  (in/side a woman)
| -ⓥv
| lheh'''ev''' (in/side a canoe)
|-
! Adessive
| -yⓥv
| dilha'''yav'''  (neer a woman)
| -yⓥv
| lheh'''yev''' (neer a canoe)
|-
! Postessive
| -s
| dilha'''s'''  (behind a woman)
| -ⓥs
| lheh'''es''' (behind a canoe)
|-
! Superessive
| -(ⓥ)m
| dilha'''m'''  (on top of/above a woman)
| -ⓥm
| lheh'''em''' (on top of/above a canoe)
|-
! Subessive
| -gⓥg
| dilha'''gag'''  (under a woman)
| -ⓥgⓥg
| lheh'''egeg''' (under a canoe)
|-
! Allative
| -jⓥ
| dilha'''ja'''  (to/towards a woman)
| -jⓥ
| lheh'''je''' (to/towards a canoe)
|-
! Ablative
| -(ⓥ)lh
| dilha'''lh'''  (from a woman)
| -ⓥlh
| lheh'''elh''' (from a canoe)
|-
! Lative
| -cⓥ
| dilha'''ca'''  (going in/side a woman)
| -cⓥ
| lheh'''ce''' (going in/side a canoe)
|-
! Elative
| -(ⓥ)w
| dilha'''w'''  (out of a woman)
| -ⓥw
| lheh'''ew''' (out of a canoe)
|-
|-
! Prolative
| -(ⓥ)kⓥl
| dilha'''kal'''  (via a woman)
| -ⓥkⓥl
| lheh'''ekel''' (via a canoe)
|-
|}
 
==Pronouns==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" | Person & Number
! colspan="17" | Proclitic form
|-
! NOM
! DAT
! GEN
! ACC
! INS
! COM
! COMP
! INE
! ADE
! POSTE
! SUPE
! SUBE
! ALL
! ABL
! LAT
! ELA
! PROL
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st
| jŏ
| ded
| denen
| de
| dedew
| deke
| derh
| dev
| jev
| des
| dem
| degeg
| deje
| delh
| dece
| dew
| dekel
|-
! rowspan="3" | 2nd
! Close<br>friends
| bi
| rowspan="2" | bed
| rowspan="2" | benen
| wa
| rowspan="2" | bedew
| rowspan="2" | beke
| rowspan="2" | berh
| rowspan="2" | bev
| rowspan="2" | beyev
| rowspan="2" | bes
| rowspan="2" | bem
| rowspan="2" | begeg
| rowspan="2" | beje
| rowspan="2" | belh
| rowspan="2" | bece
| rowspan="2" | bew
| rowspan="2" | bekel
|-
! General
| bya
| be
|-
! Formal
| lhu
| lhed
| lhenen
| lhe
| lhedew
| lheke
| lherh
| lhev
| lheyev
| lhes
| lhem
| lhegeg
| lheje
| lhelh
| lhece
| lhew
| lhekel
|-
! colspan="2" | 3d
| yŏ
| yed
| yenen
| ye
| yedew
| yeke
| yerh
| yev
| yeyev
| yes
| yem
| yegeg
| yeje
| yelh
| yece
| yew
| yekel
|-
! rowspan="5" | Plural
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! Inclusive
| myŭn
| myŭd
| myŭnan
| myŭ
| myŭdaw
| myŭka
| myŭrh
| myŭv
| myŭyav
| myŭs
| myŭm
| myŭgag
| myŭja
| myŭlh
| myŭca
| myŭw
| myŭkal
|-
! Exclusive
| nyŭn
| nyŭd
| nyŭnan
| nyŭ
| nyŭdaw
| nyŭka
| nyŭrh
| nyŭv
| nyŭyav
| nyŭs
| nyŭm
| nyŭgag
| nyŭja
| nyŭlh
| nyŭca
| nyŭw
| nyŭkal
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd
! General/<br>Formal
| lhŭn
| lhŭd
| lhŭnan
| lhŭ
| lhŭdaw
| lhŭka
| lhŭrh
| lhŭv
| lhŭyav
| lhŭs
| lhŭm
| lhŭgag
| lhŭja
| lhŭlh
| lhŭca
| lhŭw
| lhŭkal
|-
! Close<br>Friends
| bŭn
| bŭd
| bŭnan
| bŭ
| bŭdaw
| bŭka
| bŭrh
| bŭv
| bŭyav
| bŭs
| bŭm
| bŭgag
| bŭja
| bŭlh
| bŭca
| bŭw
| bŭkal
|-
! colspan="2" | 3d
| yŭn
| yŭd
| yŭnan
| yŭ
| yŭdaw
| yŭka
| yŭrh
| yŭv
| yŭyav
| yŭs
| yŭm
| yŭgag
| yŭja
| yŭlh
| yŭca
| yŭw
| yŭkal
|-
! colspan="3" | Self
| colspan="2" style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| dwŭnan
| dwŭ
| colspan="13" style="background:#E6E6E6" |
|-
|}
 
===Possessive===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="3" | Person & Number
! colspan="2" | Proclitic form
! colspan="2" | Enclitic form
|-
! start/end<br>consonant
! start/end<br>vowel
! start/end<br>consonant
! start/end<br>vowel
|-
! Affix
! Affix
! Affix
! Affix
|-
! rowspan="5" | Singular
! colspan="2" | 1st
| ju-
| juj-
| -(v)ju
| -ju
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd
| s̠u-
| s̠uj-
| colspan="2" | -s̠u
|-
! rowspan="2" |3d
! Animate
| itu-
| ituj-
| -itu
| -jtu
|-
|-
! Inanimate
! <small>voiceless</small>
| ymu-
! <small>voiced</small>
| ymuj-
! <small>voiceless</small>
| -ymu
! <small>voiced</small>
| -jmu
! <small>voiceless</small>
! <small>voiced</small>
! <small>voiceless</small>
! <small>voiced</small>
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Self
! {{wp|Plosive}}-{{wp|Affricate}}
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| {{IPAlink|p}}
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| {{IPAlink|b}}
| -(v<sub>2</sub>)ts̠u
| {{IPAlink|t}}
| -ts̠u
| {{IPAlink|d}}
| {{IPAlink|tɕ}}
|
| {{IPAlink|k}}~{{IPAlink|q}}
|  
|-
|-
! rowspan="4" | Plural
! {{wp|Nasal}}
! colspan="2" | 1st
|  
| nu-
| {{IPAlink|m}}
| nuj-
|
| -(v)nu
| {{IPAlink|n}}
| -nu
|
|  
|  
|  
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd
! {{wp|Fricative}}
| s̠tu-
|  
| s̠tuj-
|  
| -(v)s̠tu
| {{IPAlink|s}}
| -s̠tu
|
| {{IPAlink|ɕ}}
|
| {{IPAlink|x}}~{{IPAlink|χ}}
| {{IPAlink|ɣ}}~{{IPAlink|ʁ}}
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |3d
! {{wp|Approximant}}
! Animate
|
| ittu-
| {{IPAlink|ʋ}}
| ittuj-
|
| -ittu
| {{IPAlink|l}}
| -jttu
|  
| {{IPAlink|j}}
|
|  
|-
|-
! Inanimate
! {{wp|Rhotic consonant|Rhotic}}
| ymmu-
|
| ymmuj-
|
| -ymmy
|
| -jmmu
| {{IPAlink|ɾ}}~{{IPAlink|r}}
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
|-
|}
|}


==Verbs==
==Lexicon==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Suffix
!
!Used to create...
! align="center" | {{wp|Front vowel|Front}}
!Example(s)
! align="center" | {{wp|Central vowel|Central}}
|-
! align="center" | {{wp|Back vowel|back}}
| -'' ''
|- align="center"
|[[wikipedia:Agent noun|agents]] from verbs
! {{wp|Close vowel|Close}}
|
| {{IPAlink|i}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|ɨ}}
| -'' ''
| {{IPAlink|u}}
|[[wikipedia:collective noun|collective nouns]]
|- align="center"
|
! {{wp|Mid vowel|Mid}}
|-
| {{IPAlink|e}}
| -''y''ⓥ
| {{IPAlink|ɤ|ɤᶹ}}
|verbs from nouns
|- align="center"
|"ᄋᅻᆯ (wŏl)" a sound → "ᄋᅻᆯ유 (wŏlyu)" to sound, say
! {{wp|Open vowel|Open}}
|-
| colspan="3" | {{IPAlink|a}}~{{IPAlink|ɑ}}
| -'' ''
|verb or instruments
|
|-
| -'' ''
|passive form of the verb
|
|-
| -ⓥ''l''<br> -''l''ⓥ
|nouns from verbs
|"ᄋᅷᆻ (walh)" to wear, carry → "ᄋᅷᆻ알 (walhal)" clothing, bag<br>"귀 (gwi)" to name, call → "귀래 (gwile)" a name
|-
| -'' ''
|[[wikipedia:adjective|adjectives]] indicating the lack of something
|
|-
| -'' ''
|[[wikipedia:adjective|adjectives]] from nouns/verbs
|
|-
| -'' ''
|[[wikipedia:adverb|adverbs]] from nouns/verbs
|
|-
| -'' ''
|[[wikipedia:diminutive|diminutives]] of nouns
|
|-
| -'' ''
|[[wikipedia:augmentative|augmentatives]] of nouns
|
|-
| -'' ''
|locations (places related to the stem)
|
|-
| -'' ''
|inhabitants (of places), among others
|
|-
| -'' ''
|language of noun
|
|-
|}
|}

Revision as of 12:18, 17 April 2022

Labial Dental Palatal Velar~Uvular
voiceless voiced voiceless voiced voiceless voiced voiceless voiced
Plosive-Affricate p b t d tɕ k~q
Nasal m n
Fricative s ɕ x~χ ɣ~ʁ
Approximant ʋ l j
Rhotic ɾ~r
Front Central back
Close i ɨ u
Mid e ɤᶹ
Open a~ɑ
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