Yvlipkan language: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
(created page with lots of info)
 
m (added map)
Line 24: Line 24:
| script          = {{wp|Latin script|Sabarian}}
| script          = {{wp|Latin script|Sabarian}}
| sign            =  
| sign            =  
| map              =  
| map              = Yvlipkanlanguagemap.png
| mapsize          =  
| mapsize          = 250px
| mapalt          =  
| mapalt          =  
| mapcaption      =  
| mapcaption      = Map of regions where a majority (dark blue) and a minority (light blue) are native speakers of Yvlipkan.
| posteriori      =  
| posteriori      =  
| nation          = [[Oroshia]]
| nation          = [[Oroshia]]

Revision as of 22:05, 18 April 2022

Yvlipkan language
Fłəpkənò, fłəpkənò kğədži
Pronunciation[fłəpkəˈnɔ]
Native to Oroshia
EthnicityYvlipka people
Native speakers
3,000? (2010)
Gujino-Bintani
  • Gujin
    • Coast Gujin
      • Yvlipkan language
Early form
Sabarian
Official status
Official language in
Oroshia
Language codes
ISO 639-1yv
ISO 639-2yvl
ISO 639-3yvl
Yvlipkanlanguagemap.png
Map of regions where a majority (dark blue) and a minority (light blue) are native speakers of Yvlipkan.
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Yvlipkan (fłəpkənò, pronounced: [fłəpkəˈnɔ]; Oroshan: əvłəpkavi) is a Gujino-Bintani language spoken in the north of Surucia, in the western lowlands of Oroshia and further west. Along with Oroshan, it forms the Coast Gujin languages. It is a severely under-documented language, and it is thought that census counts for speakers of Yvlipkan are deliberately under-reported in Oroshia. Recent censuses would put the number of speakers at around 3000, but it is estimated that the true figure is something like 15,000 native speakers. It has long been considered a dialect of Oroshan, despite the lack of intelligibility with it, by the Oroshan government.

Speakers of Yvlipkan are hypothesized to have migrated from the west as tribes of reindeer herders, along with the rest of the Gujino-Bintani family, some languages of which remain those of nomadic pastoralists. The Yvlipkan language has been threatened by Jogin encroachment ever since the colonization of Oroshia, and, since independence, the restrictive minority language policies of the Oroshan government. Much of what is known about Yvlipkan is due to the work of one Baptistois linguist, Théodore Lozé, who worked on documenting the language in the late 1970s.

Phonology

Yvlipkan seems to have innovated greatly phonologically from the reconstructed earlier stages of the language, shared with Oroshan, producing a contrastive voiced series of consonants.

Yvlipkan consonant phonemes
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive p b t d k g q (ɢ?) ʔ
Fricative f θ s ɣ
Affricate ts dz
Lateral affricate
Approximant w j

Like Oroshan, Yvlipkan makes use of a productive glottal infix, arising from an earlier posited glottal suffix. Syllables carry two qualities: glottalized and unglottalized, where the glottalized syllable can mark the past tense, or the plural form of a noun.

Oroshan vowel phonemes
Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid e ə o
Open a ɔ

Originally, /q/ may have only caused lowering of close vowels, but it seems that /q/ has shifted to /ɣ/ before vowels, leaving them lowered, and creating two new phonemes, /e/ and /o/. This phenomenon is also seen in some dialects of Oroshan and Namchogi.

A maximum syllable structure, presented by Lozé in 1977, is CCVCNCC, and allows for many clusters. Stress is invariably on the last syllable, and /a/ is only found in that final syllable.

Grammar

Nouns in Yvlipkan have three numbers: singular, dual, and plural, and decline for 3 cases: absolutive, ergative, and genitive, making Yvlipkan an ergative-absolutive language.

Verbs decline for tense, past and non-past, and are marked for person, and therefore case. Unconjugated verbs function as a true adjective, which seems to be an innovation compared to related languages, though they are grouped functionally with adverbs and adpositions in that they do not conjugate (or else they will become a verb) or decline.

Adpositions are used in Yvlipkan to indicate location or movement, and coordinate with the genitive case on the head noun. Yvlipkan is a strongly head-final language, with SOV word order.

Orthography

Though many Yvlipka are illiterate in Yvlipkan as a consequence of the Oroshan government's language policies, Yvlipkan is tentatively written with an extended version of the Sabarian script, based mostly on Oroshan orthography.

Yvlipkan Sabarian Aa Čč DŽdž Əə Ee Ğğ Ii Jj Kk Gg Łł1 Mm Nn Ŋŋ Oo Òò Pp Bb Qq Ss Tt Dd Ŧŧ Uu Ff Ww ʔ
IPA /a/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/ /ə/ /e/ /ɣ/ /i/ /j/ /k/ /g/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /o/ /ɔ/ /p/ /b/ /q/, /ɢ/? /s/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /u/ /f/ /w/ /ʔ/

1Only used in the digraph .

Vocabulary

Below is a sample of cognates between Oroshan and Yvlipkan, created by Lozé in 1976.

Yvlipkan Oroshan Meaning
mis mił sun
ğoğ quğ ice
ŋgač aŋkač strong
ŧigaw sikav berry
kədžajs kačajł two