1939 Weranian federal election

1939 Weranian federal election

14 March 1939
All 584 seats to the House of Deputies 292 seats are needed for a majority in the House of Deputies
Turnout	16,117,435 (79.81%) 3.90%
First party Second party Third party   Leader Lothar Gotthold Dietrich zu Kolbenheyer Jochen Kammerer Party OSAI KSP SPO Leader's seat Cislania Roetenberg Cislania Last election 224 seats, 37.37% 79 seats, 13.29% 56 seats, 9.48% Seats won 238 97 55 Seat change 14 18 1 Popular vote 6,267,582 2,568,317 1,457,935 Percentage 39.21% 16.07% 9.12% Swing 1.84% 2.78% 0.36%   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Gustav Blumentritt Adalbert Nischwitz Karl Theophil von Pölten Party Landbund Radicals OVP Leader's seat Prizen Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken Prizen Last election 54 seats, 8.99% 80 seats, 13.41% 38 seats, 6.43% Seats won 48 45 44 Seat change 6 35 6 Popular vote 1,268,317 1,206,849 1,158,573 Percentage 7.93% 7.55% 7.25% Swing 1.06% 5.86% 0.82
File:1939 election map.png
Premier before election Gustav Blumentritt Landbund Elected Premier Lothar Gotthold OSAI

The 23^rd federal election was held in the Weranian Confederation for the House of Deputies (the lower house of the Bundestag) on the 14^th March 1939. All 584 members of the House of Deputies were elected under a system of proportional representation with each regierungsbezirke treated as an electoral districts. These would be the second elections held following the Great War after the expiration of the term of the House of Deputies.

The election came as the country suffered from an inflationary spiral in the post-war period triggered by the devaluation of the mark and the removal of wartime price controls. The outgoing centrist government of the Landbund, Radical, Catholic Social, Social Democratic and National Liberal parties led by Landbund leader Gustav Blumentritt was unpopular with its slim parliamentary majority making it increasingly ineffective in passing legislation. In March a dispute over planned wage cuts in line with the government's incomes policy caused the left-wing of the Radicals and the Social Democrats to trigger a vote of no confidence against the Blumentritt cabinet causing it to collapse.

Persistent economic woes, labour disputes and social polarisation had raised the prospect of left-wing government gaining power. The right however were divided with the National Liberals and Landbund advocating for a centrist government whilst the Catholics and the conservatives advocated for a union of the right. The centre-left Radical party meanwhile was vague surrounding the prospect of entering a government including or supported by the OSAI instead supporting social reform.

The election saw the parties of the outgoing government - the Landbund, NLP, SPO and Radicals - losing seats whilst the OSAI gained, making it the best result for left-wing parties since the 1918 election. The Ruttish Sotirian Democratic Party entered the Bundestag for the first time and the Catholic Social Party re-emerged as the largest non-socialist party. As a result the OSAI under Lothar Gotthold formed a coalition government with the SPO and the Radicals, making it the first centre-left government in Werania since 1919.

Electoral process

The election was held using a system of proportional repsentation that had been introduced in 1905. The country had 76 electoral districts based on the regierungsbezirke with no electoral threshold. Seat totals were calculated via the greatest divisors method.

Background

The previous election had been held in 1935 shortly after the conclusion of the Great War. The parties of the left - the Weranic Section of the Workers' International, the Social Democratic Party of Werania and the Radical Party - gained a majority but due to pressure from the monarch Leopold IV and mutual antipathy between the parties a centrist coalition of the Agrarians, Radicals and the National Liberals was formed under the wartime premier Otto Röttgen supported by the Catholics. Röttgen and Leopold IV had an ambitious programme of reform that sought to reshape Weranian politics but the assassination of Leopold IV in September 1936 and Röttgen's resignation five months later led to the reform programme to halt under premier Gustav Blumentritt who focused on the immediate economic troubles in Werania.

Parties

Affiliation	Party			Ideology	Spitzenkandidat	1925 result	In government
Left			Weranic Section of the Workers' International	Socialism, Revolutionary socialism	Lothar Gotthold	224 / 584	N
Centre-left			Social Democratic Party of Werania	Social democracy, Reformism	Jochen Kammerer	56 / 584	N
			Radical Party	Radicalism, Anti-clericalism	Adalbert Nischwitz	80 / 584	Y
Centre-right			Landbund	Agrarianism, Liberalism	Gustav Blumentritt	54 / 584	Y
			National Liberal Party	National Liberalism, Classical liberalism	Elmar Künneth	53 / 584	Y
			Ruttish Sotirian Democratic Party	Ruttish regionalism, Sotirian Democracy	N/A	0 / 584	N
			Catholic Social Party	Political Catholicism, Sotirian Democracy	Franz Rössler	79 / 584	N
Right			Weranian Fatherland Party	National conservatism, Monarchism	Karl Theophil von Pölten	38 / 584	N

Results

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/−
	Weranic Section of the Workers' International	6,267,582	39.21	238	+14
	Catholic Social Party	2,568,317	16.07	97	+18
	Social Democratic Party of Werania	1,457,935	9.12	55	-1
	Rural Federation	1,268,317	7.93	48	-6
	Radical Party	1,206,849	7.55	45	-35
	Weranian Fatherland Party	1,158,573	7.25	44	+6
	National Liberal Party	1,049,584	6.57	39	−14
	Ruttish Sotirian Democratic Party	475,804	2.98	18	+18
	Others	284,739	1.77	0	-
Invalid/blank votes		248,052	–	–	–
Total		15,985,752	100	584	±0
Registered voters/turnout		20,195,832	79.15	–	–