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=Cizekporok–Bystrica railway=
=Class 435 locomotive=
{{Infobox rail line
{{Infobox locomotive
| box_width  =
| name            = Class 435
| name        = Cizekporok–Bystrica
| image            = [[File:GNER-91115-03.jpg|300px]]
| native_name =  
| alt              =  
| native_name_lang = cz
| caption          = Kráľovské Holynské Železnice InterCity Express at St. Sabas.
| image      = Cathiron_WCML.jpg
| powertype        = Electric
| image_width =  
| designer        =  
| caption     =  
| builder          = Holynské Železničné Strojárne
| start       = [[Cizekporok]]
| ordernumber      =  
| end        = [[Bystrica]]
| serialnumber     =  
  | stations    =  
| buildmodel       =  
| routes     =  
| builddate        = 1986–1993
| daily_ridership =  
| totalproduction = 93
| open       =  
| rebuilder        =  
| close      =
| rebuilddate     = 2004-2006
| owner      = [[Kráľovské Holynské Železnice|KHZ]]
| numberrebuilt    = 91
| operator    =  
| website          =  
| linenumber  =  
| aarwheels       = B-B
| linelength_km = 1132.6
| Britishclass    = Bo-Bo
| linelength=  
| uicclass        = [[Bo′Bo′]]
| tracklength =  
| gauge            = {{track gauge|sg|allk=on|al=on}}
| tracks      = 1
| bogies          =  
| gauge      = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}}
| wheeldiameter    = {{convert|970|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
  | minradius  =  
| minimumcurve    = {{convert|80.000|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| electrification =[[25 kV AC railway electrification|25 kV 50 Hz AC]] overhead catenary
| wheelbase        = {{convert|10.500|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
  | racksystem =  
| bogie          = {{convert|3.350|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
  | maxincline  = 1.5%
| pivotcentres    =  
| speed_km/h =  
| length          =
  | elevation  =  
| over couplers  =
| map_state  =  
|  over bufferbeams=  
| map         =  
| body            = {{convert|19.400|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
{{Routemap
| width            = {{convert|2.740|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|navbar = Cizekporok–Bystrica railway line
| height          = {{convert|3.757|m|ftin|abbr=on}
|title = Cizekporok–Bystrica railway line
|  pantodown      = <!-- electrics -->
|title-bg = #be2d2c
| bodyonly        = <!-- electrics -->
|map =
| frametype        =  
KINTe~~[[Bystrica hlavní nádraží]]
| axleload         =  
\ABZg+l\CONTfq~~ ~~ ~~{{BSto|[[Bystrica–Benkovice Railway Line]]|to [[Benkovice]]|it=all}}
| locoweight      = {{ubli|indent=0.5em|{{convert|85.25|t|lk=on}}
HST~~[[Banksa Bystrica nádraží]]
| sandcap          =  
HST~~[[Bystra nádraží]]
| powersupply      =  
HST~~[[Covekfalva]]
| electricsystem  = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} [[Overhead line|overhead]]
HST~~[[Milochov]]
| collectionmethod = {{ubl|[[Pantograph (transport)|Pantograph]]
BHF~~[[Saint Sabas]]
| alternator      =
\ABZgl\CONTfq~~ ~~ ~~{{BSto|[[Popudiny-Saint Sabas Railway]]|to [[Popudiny]]|it=all}}
| generator        =
HST~~[[Vydrna]]
| tractionmotors  = 4 × [[Direct current|DC]]
HST~~[[Tiszolcz]]
|  t/m amps 1 hr  =
HST~~[[Livinia]]
|  t/m amps cont  =
HST~~[[Pégrád]]
| headendpower    =
HST~~[[Revé]]
| gear ratio      = 1.741:1
HST~~[[Pryvimazna]]
| multipleworking  = [[Time-division multiplexing|TDM]]
HST~~[[Budakacsa]]
| trainheating    = {{ubl|[[Electric Train Heating|Electric Train Supply]], index 95|(1000 V, 600 A,{{rp|9}} max 475 kW)}}
HST~~[[Prozavou]]
| locobrakes      = {{ubli|indent=0.5em|[[Railway air brake|Pneumatic]] ([[Disc brake#On other vehicles|disc]] and [[Railway tread brake|tread]]) {{nowrap|and [[Rheostatic brake|rheostatic]]}}
CONTgq\ABZg+r\~~ ~~ ~~{{BSto|[[High Speed Railway 1]]|to [[Jalovec]]|it=all}}
| locobrakeforce  = {{ubli|indent=0.5em|''Rheostatic'':|{{convert|83|kN|abbr=on|lk=on}} max.{{notetag|Maximum rheostatic brakeforce is available between speeds of approximately {{convert|60|to|125|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Below 60 mph the maximum effort available decreases linearly to zero, and above 125 mph it is limited to {{convert|50|kN|abbr=on}}.
STR+GRZq~~ ~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Scotland|England|line=1}}
| trainbrakes      = Pneumatic
BHF~~[[King Daniel II International Airport Railway Station]]
| reservoircap    =
HST~~[[Daravada]]
| compressorcap    =
CONTgq\ABZg+r\~~ ~~ ~~{{BSto|[[Cizekporok–Jalovec Railway Line]]|to [[Jalovec]]|it=all}}
| safety          = {{ubl|[[Automatic Warning System|AWS]]|[[Train Protection & Warning System|TPWS]]
HST~~[[Balház]]
| coupling        = Drophead [[Janney coupler|Buckeye]]
\ABZg+l\CONTfq~~ ~~ ~~{{BSto|[[Cizekporok–Pila Railway Line]]|to [[Pila]]|it=all}}
| maxspeed        = {{ubl|''Design'':|{{convert|140|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}}}
\ABZg+l\CONTfq~~ ~~ ~~{{BSto|[[Cizekporok–Nolcovo Railway Line]]|to [[Nolcovo]]|it=all}}
| poweroutput      =
KINTe~~[[Cizekporok hlavní nádraží]]
|  poweroutput start={{convert|4.70|MW|abbr=on}} at rails
|bottom =
| poweroutput 1 hr=
|  poweroutput cont= {{convert|4.54|MW|abbr=on}} at rails
| tractiveeffort  = ''max'' {{convert|190|kN|abbr=on}}
|  t/e starting    = {{convert|190|kN|abbr=on}}
|  t/e 1 hr        =
|  t/e continuous  = {{ubli|indent=0.5em|{{convert|107|kN|abbr=on}} at {{convert|153|km/h|mph|abbr=on|order=flip}}
| factorofadhesion =
|  f/adh starting  =
|  f/adh 1 hr      =
|  f/adh continuous=
| operator        = {{ubl|''Current'':|[[Kráľovské Holynské Železnice ]]|''Former'':|[[Holyn State Railways}}
| operatorclass    =
| powerclass      =
| numinclass      =
| fleetnumbers    = {{ubl|''As built'':|43501–43594}}
| officialname    =
| nicknames        =
| axleloadclass    =
| locale          =
| deliverydate    =
| firstrundate    =
| lastrundate      =
| retiredate      =
| withdrawndate    =
| preservedunits  =
| restoredate      =
| scrapdate        =
| currentowner    =
| disposition      = {{ubl|In service: 90|Stored: 2|Scrapped: 1|Preserved: 1}}
| notes            =  
}}
}}
}}
The '''Class 435 locomotive''', operated by Kráľovské Holynské Železnice (KHŽ) of Holynia, is a high-speed electric locomotive widely used for InterCity Express services across the nation. Initially designed for high-speed operations on Holynia’s High Speed Line 1—a route connecting Cizekporok to Slatnik in the Masovia region—the Class 435 briefly held the title as Holynia’s premier high-speed locomotive. However, by the early 1990s, newer and more advanced high-speed trainsets replaced the Class 435 on dedicated high-speed lines, leading to its redeployment on InterCity routes across the country.
The '''Cizekporok–Bystrica railway line''' is one of the major railway lines in [[Holynia]]. The line connects Cizekporok, the Holyn capital city, with Bystrica, the country's second-largest city. Operated by [[Kráľovské Holynské Železnice]] (KHŽ), this line is a critical part of Holynia's transportation infrastructure, facilitating both passenger and freight traffic across the country. The route largely follows the Obrec plains, providing a high-speed corridor with sections that reach speeds of up to 225 km/h, though the majority of the line operates at 200 km/h. The line was originally built by the Cizekporok and Bystrica Railway in 1858, largely a culmination of multiple shorter lines. As one of the busiest railways in Holynia, the Cizekporok–Bystrica line is integral to both domestic mobility and regional connectivity.
Design and Technical Specifications
== History ==
The Cizekporok–Bystrica railway line was first conceived in the late 19th century as part of Holynia's ambitious plans to expand its rail infrastructure. Prior to its construction, the region was served by a network of older, slower tracks, and the valley between Cizekporok and Bystrica was only sparsely connected by local trains. The initial proposal for the line came from Václav Novotný, chief engineer of the Cizekporok and Bystrica Railway Company, who envisioned a high frequency rail corridor linking Holynia’s capital with the country’s second-largest city.
 
Initial steps were taken in the late 1840s, building short connections between numerous shorter lines. Following the signing of the Holynian Transport Development Act in 1870, the oldest segment of the line was completed on 19 March 1858, connecting Cizekporok with the nearby town of Vysoké Polé. On 2 June 1959, the section connecting Vysoké Polé to St. Sabas was opened.
 
By 1861, the line had reached Bystrica, though it remained a more modestly developed route, with slower trains traveling at speeds of no more than 70 km/h. It was not until the 1920s, under the direction of the newly established Holynian State Railways (HSŽ), that serious upgrades were made to the line, expanding its reach and increasing its capacity to handle the growing demand for passenger and freight services.
=== Communist Era Expansion ===
During the Communist era, which began in Holynia in 1927, the government prioritized heavy industry and national infrastructure projects. As part of these efforts, the Cizekporok–Bystrica line underwent significant expansion and modernization to support the country's industrial growth. In 1942, the line was electrified with a 20 kV 50 Hz AC system overhead system, a technological leap that increased the line's efficiency and capacity, allowing for faster and more reliable trains. The decision to implement the 25 kV AC system was heavily influenced by the success of similar systems on other lines in Holynia. This high-voltage alternating current (AC) system was chosen for its efficiency over longer distances and its compatibility with Holynia's mountainous terrain, where steep gradients were common.


One of the most significant developments during this period was the construction of high-speed segments between Lužní and Kostelné, which allowed trains to reach speeds of up to 160 km/h, a remarkable feat at the time. The introduction of fast Class 06 trains in the early 1970s further boosted the line’s efficiency, providing faster service and reducing travel times between Cizekporok and Bystrica by nearly 40%.  
Constructed between 1988 and 1991, 90 Class 435 locomotives were built by Holynské Železničné Strojárne (HŽS) to meet the need for faster, more efficient intercity travel in Holynia. The Class 435 is powered by overhead 25 kV AC electrification and is designed to operate at speeds up to 200 km/h (124 mph). The locomotive features a Bo-Bo wheel arrangement, providing a powerful traction capability well-suited for both flat and mountainous terrain.


In the 1980s, the line was fully integrated into the broader Central Spero high-speed rail network, and further electrification work was carried out to extend the 25 kV AC system to the remaining sections of the line. During this time, the Cizekporok Central Station was also expanded and modernized, becoming a major hub for both domestic and international trains.
Each Class 435 locomotive is typically paired with nine modern passenger coaches, operating in a push-pull configuration with a driving control car (DCC) at the rear. This arrangement allows the Class 435 to quickly reverse at terminal stations, making it ideal for Holynia’s busy intercity network.
Service History and Role in Holynia’s Rail Network


=== Post-Communist Developments and Current Era ===
The Class 435 quickly became a staple of the Holynian rail network following its initial introduction. After its short-lived service on High Speed Line 1, it was cascaded to KHŽ’s InterCity Express routes, where it remains a dependable and familiar sight for passengers traveling long distances. Today, the Class 435 operates primarily on core routes between major cities, such as Strakova, Tisno, Hrastov, and Moravice, helping maintain quick and efficient connections for both business and leisure travelers. While newer, more advanced locomotives have entered the fleet, the Class 435 continues to be highly regarded for its reliability, power, and role in advancing Holynia’s high-speed rail ambitions.
Following the dissolution of the Central Bloc in the late 1990s, Holynia's rail infrastructure underwent a period of privatization and modernization. In 2001, the state-owned Holyn State Railways was split into various regional operators, and the Cizekporok–Bystrica line came under the management of Kráľovské Holynské Železnice (KHŽ), a new entity tasked with overseeing the country’s major rail corridors. Under KHŽ's stewardship, the line underwent a comprehensive modernization program designed to bring it in line with Western Spero standards.
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In the early 2000s, KHŽ invested heavily in upgrading the Cizekporok–Bystrica line’s track infrastructure. With a focus on improving high-speed capabilities, several stretches of the line were upgraded to accommodate speeds of 200 km/h, while the most crucial sections, including the Kostelné Valley, were reinforced to support speeds of up to 225 km/h. This allowed the Cizekporok–Bystrica line to become one of the fastest railways in the region.  
The Class 435 locomotive, operated by Kráľovské Holynské Železnice (KHŽ), is one of the most recognized and commonly used electric locomotives in Holynia, playing a crucial role in the nation’s intercity travel network. Originally intended for high-speed services on Holynia's High Speed Line 1 (HSL 1), connecting Cizekporok to Slatnik in the Masovia region, the Class 435 was designed to meet the growing demand for fast, efficient rail travel between major cities. Though it briefly operated on high-speed routes during its early years, it was eventually cascaded to regional InterCity Express services after the introduction of more advanced, dedicated high-speed trainsets in the early 1990s. With 90 units built, the Class 435 became a staple of Holynia's rail network, ensuring its place in the history of the nation’s rail infrastructure.
Design and Technical Specifications


The line's continued modernization in the 2010s included the installation of electronic signaling systems, automatic ticketing technology, and improved station facilities. The introduction of high-speed trains, including the Class 435 and Class 517, which could reach speeds of 240 km/h on certain sections, further cemented the line’s role as a major artery for both domestic and international travelers.
The Class 435 locomotives were constructed between 1988 and 1991 by Holynské Železničné Strojárne (HŽS), a prominent Holynian engineering company. These locomotives were designed to provide high-speed, efficient service, capable of speeds up to 200 km/h (124 mph) on the most modern lines, and typically running at 160-180 km/h (99-112 mph) on standard routes. The Bo-Bo wheel arrangement (four axles, each powered) allows the locomotives to generate significant traction power, ensuring reliable service across both flatter and more mountainous terrain, which is typical of Holynia’s varied landscape. Each locomotive is powered by overhead 25 kV AC electrification, a common standard across Holynia's rail system.


In recent years, the Holyn government has continued to prioritize rail infrastructure, with a focus on environmental sustainability and reducing road traffic congestion. As a part of these efforts, the Cizekporok–Bystrica line has been connected to the new Northwest High-Speed Rail Corridor, which links Cizekporok to Pohorela and other major cities in northwestern Holynia. Additionally, the expansion of freight services has made the line a vital part of Holynia’s economic activity, especially for the transport of industrial goods, raw materials, and agricultural products.
The Class 435 is typically paired with nine Mark 4 passenger coaches in a push-pull configuration, which allows for smooth and efficient operation without the need to turn the locomotive around at terminals. A driving control car (DCC) is placed at the opposite end of the train, enabling the locomotive to operate seamlessly in either direction. The locomotives were engineered with modern safety features, including advanced signaling systems to ensure high-speed operations. Their distinctive design features a sleek, aerodynamic front, which helps reduce air resistance at higher speeds, contributing to their efficiency.
Early Service and High-Speed Operations


== Infratsructure ==
When the Class 435 locomotives were first introduced, they were intended to operate on Holynia’s premier high-speed route, High Speed Line 1, which linked Cizekporok, the capital, to Slatnik, a major city in the Masovia region. This line was a key part of Holynia's strategy to modernize its rail network and promote faster intercity travel, positioning the country as a leader in rail transport in Spero. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Class 435 was a significant asset to these high-speed services, offering a new level of comfort and efficiency compared to older locomotives in use at the time.


The line’s **25 kV AC overhead line system** remains one of its defining features. Electrification was essential not only for increasing efficiency but also for reducing the environmental impact of rail transport. The adoption of this system allowed for more powerful locomotives capable of handling the steep gradients and challenging terrain in the central and southern regions of Holynia. The system's introduction also aligned the Cizekporok–Bystrica line with the broader European standard, ensuring compatibility with trains from neighboring countries.
However, as the demand for even faster, more specialized high-speed trains grew, dedicated high-speed rolling stock, including the Class 500 series locomotives and other newer trainsets, replaced the Class 435 on these high-speed routes. By the early 1990s, the Class 435 was largely cascaded to regional InterCity Express services, where it found a new and lasting role. The high-speed lines were soon served by trains designed specifically for the demands of high-speed travel, but the Class 435 remained a crucial element of the Holynian railway network for medium-speed routes between major cities.
Service on InterCity Express Routes


Over time, the 25 kV AC system has been continuously upgraded, with advanced dynamic braking systems and regenerative energy recovery technologies being implemented on newer trains. These improvements have helped to reduce energy consumption, making the line more sustainable in the long term. As part of its commitment to environmental sustainability, KHŽ has also been involved in projects to further reduce emissions and implement green technologies, such as the development of solar-powered train stations and hybrid locomotives.
After its shift from high-speed routes, the Class 435 became the backbone of the InterCity Express network operated by Kráľovské Holynské Železnice (KHŽ). These routes connect major urban hubs such as Strakova, Tisno, Hrastov, Moravice, and Karanov, enabling efficient and comfortable travel for both business and leisure travelers. The Class 435’s ability to operate reliably on these longer distances, combined with its power and speed, made it well-suited for the InterCity Express network. The locomotives remain highly valued for their durability, especially on routes that cross both flat plains and mountainous regions, where the Class 435’s high traction capabilities are essential.


=== Current Operations ===
As newer, more energy-efficient locomotives and trains have entered the Holynian fleet, the Class 435's role has shifted again. It continues to operate on high-demand regional services, though increasingly on less trafficked routes or in secondary roles, while newer electric units handle the most critical express services. Despite the gradual retirement of many units, the Class 435 locomotives are still widely regarded as reliable and durable, and they remain in use in less central parts of the rail network, where their proven performance is still essential.
Legacy and Future


Today, the Cizekporok–Bystrica line is one of the busiest and most technologically advanced rail corridors in Holynia. It serves millions of passengers annually, with high-speed trains connecting Cizekporok to Bystrica in less than four hours, a significant reduction from the early days when the journey could take upwards of seven hours. The line continues to be a crucial part of Holynia's national transport network, with trains operating at speeds of up to 225 km/h on select segments and offering frequent service throughout the day.
The Class 435 locomotive remains a key part of Holynia’s railway heritage, representing a pivotal period in the country’s efforts to modernize its rail system. While newer, more advanced locomotives have been developed to meet the growing demand for high-speed and energy-efficient travel, the Class 435 continues to be valued for its engineering excellence and reliability. Despite being gradually phased out from major high-speed routes, the Class 435 still sees service in key regions, ensuring that it remains a familiar sight on Holynia's railways.


In addition to passenger services, the line also plays a pivotal role in freight transport, with dedicated cargo trains carrying a variety of goods across the country and into neighboring states. Recent investments have focused on upgrading the Kostelné Tunnel, a major bottleneck on the line, to accommodate even larger freight trains and improve overall traffic flow.
The legacy of the Class 435 also ties into Holynia's broader railway history, especially its transition from a communist-era transport system to a modernized, interconnected network. The train’s engineering, which combines high-speed capabilities with the durability required for Holynia’s diverse terrain, symbolizes the country’s ambitions to modernize and compete with global rail networks. Even as newer technologies emerge, the Class 435’s place in Holynia's rail story will likely be remembered for decades to come, representing a successful chapter in the evolution of the nation's rail transport.


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Revision as of 04:45, 15 November 2024

Class 435 locomotive

{{Infobox locomotive | name = Class 435 | image = GNER-91115-03.jpg | alt = | caption = Kráľovské Holynské Železnice InterCity Express at St. Sabas. | powertype = Electric | designer = | builder = Holynské Železničné Strojárne | ordernumber = | serialnumber = | buildmodel = | builddate = 1986–1993 | totalproduction = 93 | rebuilder = | rebuilddate = 2004-2006 | numberrebuilt = 91 | website = | aarwheels = B-B | Britishclass = Bo-Bo | uicclass = Bo′Bo′ | gauge = 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge | bogies = | wheeldiameter = 970 mm (3 ft 2 in) | minimumcurve = 80.000 m (262 ft 5.6 in) | wheelbase = 10.500 m (34 ft 5.4 in) | bogie = 3.350 m (10 ft 11.9 in) | pivotcentres = | length = | over couplers = | over bufferbeams= | body = 19.400 m (63 ft 7.8 in) | width = 2.740 m (8 ft 11.9 in) | height = {{convert|3.757|m|ftin|abbr=on} | pantodown = | bodyonly = | frametype = | axleload = | locoweight = {{ubli|indent=0.5em|85.25 tonnes (83.90 long tons; 93.97 short tons) | sandcap = | powersupply = | electricsystem = Template:25 kV 50 Hz overhead | collectionmethod = {{ubl|Pantograph | alternator = | generator = | tractionmotors = 4 × DC | t/m amps 1 hr = | t/m amps cont = | headendpower = | gear ratio = 1.741:1 | multipleworking = TDM

| trainheating =

| locobrakes = {{ubli|indent=0.5em|Pneumatic (disc and tread) and rheostatic | locobrakeforce = {{ubli|indent=0.5em|Rheostatic:|83 kN (19,000 lbf) max.{{notetag|Maximum rheostatic brakeforce is available between speeds of approximately 60 to 125 mph (97 to 201 km/h). Below 60 mph the maximum effort available decreases linearly to zero, and above 125 mph it is limited to 50 kN (11,000 lbf). | trainbrakes = Pneumatic | reservoircap = | compressorcap = | safety = {{ubl|AWS|TPWS | coupling = Drophead Buckeye | maxspeed = {{ubl|Design:|140 mph (225 km/h)} | poweroutput = | poweroutput start=4.70 MW (6,300 hp) at rails | poweroutput 1 hr= | poweroutput cont= 4.54 MW (6,090 hp) at rails | tractiveeffort = max 190 kN (43,000 lbf) | t/e starting = 190 kN (43,000 lbf) | t/e 1 hr = | t/e continuous = {{ubli|indent=0.5em|107 kN (24,000 lbf) at 95 mph (153 km/h) | factorofadhesion = | f/adh starting = | f/adh 1 hr = | f/adh continuous= | operator = {{ubl|Current:|Kráľovské Holynské Železnice |Former:|[[Holyn State Railways}} | operatorclass = | powerclass = | numinclass =

| fleetnumbers =

  • As built:
  • 43501–43594

| officialname = | nicknames = | axleloadclass = | locale = | deliverydate = | firstrundate = | lastrundate = | retiredate = | withdrawndate = | preservedunits = | restoredate = | scrapdate = | currentowner =

| disposition =

  • In service: 90
  • Stored: 2
  • Scrapped: 1
  • Preserved: 1

| notes = }} The Class 435 locomotive, operated by Kráľovské Holynské Železnice (KHŽ) of Holynia, is a high-speed electric locomotive widely used for InterCity Express services across the nation. Initially designed for high-speed operations on Holynia’s High Speed Line 1—a route connecting Cizekporok to Slatnik in the Masovia region—the Class 435 briefly held the title as Holynia’s premier high-speed locomotive. However, by the early 1990s, newer and more advanced high-speed trainsets replaced the Class 435 on dedicated high-speed lines, leading to its redeployment on InterCity routes across the country. Design and Technical Specifications

Constructed between 1988 and 1991, 90 Class 435 locomotives were built by Holynské Železničné Strojárne (HŽS) to meet the need for faster, more efficient intercity travel in Holynia. The Class 435 is powered by overhead 25 kV AC electrification and is designed to operate at speeds up to 200 km/h (124 mph). The locomotive features a Bo-Bo wheel arrangement, providing a powerful traction capability well-suited for both flat and mountainous terrain.

Each Class 435 locomotive is typically paired with nine modern passenger coaches, operating in a push-pull configuration with a driving control car (DCC) at the rear. This arrangement allows the Class 435 to quickly reverse at terminal stations, making it ideal for Holynia’s busy intercity network. Service History and Role in Holynia’s Rail Network

The Class 435 quickly became a staple of the Holynian rail network following its initial introduction. After its short-lived service on High Speed Line 1, it was cascaded to KHŽ’s InterCity Express routes, where it remains a dependable and familiar sight for passengers traveling long distances. Today, the Class 435 operates primarily on core routes between major cities, such as Strakova, Tisno, Hrastov, and Moravice, helping maintain quick and efficient connections for both business and leisure travelers. While newer, more advanced locomotives have entered the fleet, the Class 435 continues to be highly regarded for its reliability, power, and role in advancing Holynia’s high-speed rail ambitions. You said: Expand that ChatGPT said: ChatGPT

The Class 435 locomotive, operated by Kráľovské Holynské Železnice (KHŽ), is one of the most recognized and commonly used electric locomotives in Holynia, playing a crucial role in the nation’s intercity travel network. Originally intended for high-speed services on Holynia's High Speed Line 1 (HSL 1), connecting Cizekporok to Slatnik in the Masovia region, the Class 435 was designed to meet the growing demand for fast, efficient rail travel between major cities. Though it briefly operated on high-speed routes during its early years, it was eventually cascaded to regional InterCity Express services after the introduction of more advanced, dedicated high-speed trainsets in the early 1990s. With 90 units built, the Class 435 became a staple of Holynia's rail network, ensuring its place in the history of the nation’s rail infrastructure. Design and Technical Specifications

The Class 435 locomotives were constructed between 1988 and 1991 by Holynské Železničné Strojárne (HŽS), a prominent Holynian engineering company. These locomotives were designed to provide high-speed, efficient service, capable of speeds up to 200 km/h (124 mph) on the most modern lines, and typically running at 160-180 km/h (99-112 mph) on standard routes. The Bo-Bo wheel arrangement (four axles, each powered) allows the locomotives to generate significant traction power, ensuring reliable service across both flatter and more mountainous terrain, which is typical of Holynia’s varied landscape. Each locomotive is powered by overhead 25 kV AC electrification, a common standard across Holynia's rail system.

The Class 435 is typically paired with nine Mark 4 passenger coaches in a push-pull configuration, which allows for smooth and efficient operation without the need to turn the locomotive around at terminals. A driving control car (DCC) is placed at the opposite end of the train, enabling the locomotive to operate seamlessly in either direction. The locomotives were engineered with modern safety features, including advanced signaling systems to ensure high-speed operations. Their distinctive design features a sleek, aerodynamic front, which helps reduce air resistance at higher speeds, contributing to their efficiency. Early Service and High-Speed Operations

When the Class 435 locomotives were first introduced, they were intended to operate on Holynia’s premier high-speed route, High Speed Line 1, which linked Cizekporok, the capital, to Slatnik, a major city in the Masovia region. This line was a key part of Holynia's strategy to modernize its rail network and promote faster intercity travel, positioning the country as a leader in rail transport in Spero. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Class 435 was a significant asset to these high-speed services, offering a new level of comfort and efficiency compared to older locomotives in use at the time.

However, as the demand for even faster, more specialized high-speed trains grew, dedicated high-speed rolling stock, including the Class 500 series locomotives and other newer trainsets, replaced the Class 435 on these high-speed routes. By the early 1990s, the Class 435 was largely cascaded to regional InterCity Express services, where it found a new and lasting role. The high-speed lines were soon served by trains designed specifically for the demands of high-speed travel, but the Class 435 remained a crucial element of the Holynian railway network for medium-speed routes between major cities. Service on InterCity Express Routes

After its shift from high-speed routes, the Class 435 became the backbone of the InterCity Express network operated by Kráľovské Holynské Železnice (KHŽ). These routes connect major urban hubs such as Strakova, Tisno, Hrastov, Moravice, and Karanov, enabling efficient and comfortable travel for both business and leisure travelers. The Class 435’s ability to operate reliably on these longer distances, combined with its power and speed, made it well-suited for the InterCity Express network. The locomotives remain highly valued for their durability, especially on routes that cross both flat plains and mountainous regions, where the Class 435’s high traction capabilities are essential.

As newer, more energy-efficient locomotives and trains have entered the Holynian fleet, the Class 435's role has shifted again. It continues to operate on high-demand regional services, though increasingly on less trafficked routes or in secondary roles, while newer electric units handle the most critical express services. Despite the gradual retirement of many units, the Class 435 locomotives are still widely regarded as reliable and durable, and they remain in use in less central parts of the rail network, where their proven performance is still essential. Legacy and Future

The Class 435 locomotive remains a key part of Holynia’s railway heritage, representing a pivotal period in the country’s efforts to modernize its rail system. While newer, more advanced locomotives have been developed to meet the growing demand for high-speed and energy-efficient travel, the Class 435 continues to be valued for its engineering excellence and reliability. Despite being gradually phased out from major high-speed routes, the Class 435 still sees service in key regions, ensuring that it remains a familiar sight on Holynia's railways.

The legacy of the Class 435 also ties into Holynia's broader railway history, especially its transition from a communist-era transport system to a modernized, interconnected network. The train’s engineering, which combines high-speed capabilities with the durability required for Holynia’s diverse terrain, symbolizes the country’s ambitions to modernize and compete with global rail networks. Even as newer technologies emerge, the Class 435’s place in Holynia's rail story will likely be remembered for decades to come, representing a successful chapter in the evolution of the nation's rail transport.

5th Guards Trutnov Tank Divison

5th Guards Trutnov Tank Divison
5. Gardová Trutnova Tanková Divízia
Great Emblem of the 5th Guards Tank Division.png
5th Guards Trutnov Tank Divison Emblem
CountryHolynia Holyn Socialist States (Until 1998)
Holynia Holyn Kingdom
BranchEmblem of the Holyn Ground Forces.png Holyn Ground Forces
TypeArmoured
Size15,000 soldiers
Part ofThird Guards Tank Army
Garrison/HQKoptov, Holynia
Equipment24 HT-85BV, 375 HT-85BM, 324 BVP-2D
Engagements
Commanders
CommanderMajor General Alexandr Havlíček
Chief of StaffColonel Bernard Šmíd

Royal Holyn Air Force

Royal Holyn Air Force
Kráľovské Holynské Vzdušné Sily
Emblem of the Royal Holyn Air Force.png
Emblem of the KHVS
Founded1999
Country Holynia
TypeAir force
RoleAerial warfare
HeadquartersCizekporok
Anniversaries5 May
EngagementsTemplate:Bulletedlist
WebsiteTemplate:Official URL
Insignia
FlagFlag of Royal Holyn Air Force.png
Roundel (2004-present)Roundel of Indonesia.svg
Roundel (1999-2004)Roundel of Denmark.svg
Aircraft flown
AttackSu-25SM, Su-24M, Su-34
BomberMiG-31K, Tu-22M3, Tu-95, Tu-160
Electronic
warfare		A-50/A-50U, Il-22PP, Il-80
FighterMiG-29, MiG-35, Su-27, Su-30, Su-35, Su-57
HelicopterKa-60, Mi-8, Mi-17, Mi-26
Attack helicopterMi-24/Mi-35M, Mi-28N, Ka-50, Ka-52
InterceptorMiG-31
TrainerAero L-39 Albatros, Yak-130
TransportIl-62, Il-76, Il-86, Il-112, An-26, An-124, An-140, An-148, An-22
TankerIl-78

Organization

Combat Aviation Command

  • First Air Force
    • 1st Aviation Wing – Záhorce Air Base
      • 459th Fighter Aviation Squadron (20x AS-90D)
      • 460th Fighter Aviation Squadron (20x AS-90D)
      • 461st Fighter Aviation Squadron (20x AS-90D)
    • 4th Aviation Wing – Krupka Air Base
      • 104th Fighter Aviation Squadron (16x AS-95B)
      • 105th Fighter Aviation Squadron (16x AS-95B)
      • 112th Fighter Aviation Squadron (16x AS-95B)
      • 113th Fighter Aviation Squadron (16x AS-95B)
    • 5th Aviation Wing – Széplak Air Base
      • 415th Attack Aviation Squadron (14x So-21S)
      • 416th Attack Aviation Squadron (14x So-21S)
      • 417th Attack Aviation Squadron (13x So-21S)
    • 7th Aviation Wing – Stránska Airport
      • 361st Fighter Aviation Squadron (20x AS-100A)
      • 362nd Fighter Aviation Squadron (20x AS-100A)
      • 363rd Fighter Aviation Squadron (20x AS-100A)
    • 10th Aviation Wing – Volkovce Air Base
      • 76th Strike Aviation Squadron (14x AS-83D)
      • 77th Strike Aviation Squadron (16x AS-83D)
      • 78th Strike Aviation Squadron (16x AS-83D)
      • 79th Strike Aviation Squadron (16x AS-83D)
    • 12th Aviation Wing – Nový Majer Airport
      • 122nd Fighter Aviation Squadron (18x AS-90C)
      • 123rd Fighter Aviation Squadron (20x AS-90M)
      • 125th Fighter Aviation Squadron (20x AS-90M)
    • 15th Aviation Wing – Zálogoš Air Base
      • 108th Strike Aviation Squadron (20x AS-94A)
      • 109th Strike Aviation Squadron (20x AS-94A)
      • 110th Strike Aviation Squadron (20x AS-94A)
      • 111th Strike Aviation Squadron (20x AS-94A)
    • 17th Aviation Wing – Čižatice Air Base
      • 76th Fighter Aviation Squadron (17x AS-90M)
      • 77th Fighter Aviation Squadron (18x AS-90M)
      • 78th Fighter Aviation Squadron (18x AS-90M)
      • 79th Fighter Aviation Squadron (18x AS-90M)
    • 27th Aviation Wing – Kepežd Air Base
      • 81st Fighter Aviation Squadron (19x So-33E)
      • 82nd Fighter Aviation Squadron (16x So-33E)
      • 83rd Fighter Aviation Squadron (18x So-33E)
      • 84th Fighter Aviation Squadron (15x So-33E)
    • 29th Aviation Wing – Vrzavka Airport
      • 256th Strike Aviation Squadron (20x AS-94A)
      • 257th Strike Aviation Squadron (20x AS-94A)
      • 258th Strike Aviation Squadron (20x AS-94A)
    • 31st Aviation Wing – Mihyska Air Base
      • 300th Strike Aviation Squadron (UCAV) (12x AS-08)
      • 301st Strike Aviation Squadron (UCAV) (12x AS-08)
      • 302nd Strike Aviation Squadron (UCAV) (16x AS-07)
    • 34th Aviation Wing – Uhrov International Airport
      • 401st Fighter Aviation Squadron (20x AS-100A)
      • 402nd Fighter Aviation Squadron (20x AS-100A)
      • 403rd Fighter Aviation Squadron (20x AS-100A)
    • 41st Aviation Wing – Šoltýska Air Base
      • 571st Fighter Aviation Squadron (18x AS-95C)
      • 572nd Fighter Aviation Squadron (18x AS-95C)
      • 573rd Fighter Aviation Squadron (20x AS-95D)
      • 574th Fighter Aviation Squadron (20x AS-95D)
    • 46th Aviation Wing – Kalnište Air Base
      • 293rd Strike Aviation Squadron (20x AS-83D)
      • 294th Strike Aviation Squadron (20x AS-83D)
      • 295th Strike Aviation Squadron (19x AS-83E)
    • 53rd Aviation Wing – Pašková Air Base
      • 701st Attack Aviation Squadron (16x AS-102A)
      • 702nd Attack Aviation Squadron (16x AS-102A)
      • 703rd Attack Aviation Squadron (16x AS-86B)
      • 704th Attack Aviation Squadron (16x AS-86C)
    • 54th Aviation Wing – Sásová Air Base
      • 344th Strike Aviation Squadron (16x AS-94A)
      • 345th Strike Aviation Squadron (16x AS-94A)
      • 346th Strike Aviation Squadron (16x AS-94A)
    • 66th Aviation Wing – Papajci Airport
      • 6th Fighter Aviation Squadron (20x So-30 2.1)
      • 7th Fighter Aviation Squadron (20x So-30 2.1)
      • 8th Fighter Aviation Squadron (20x So-30 2.1)
    • 71st Aviation Wing – Dicske Airport
      • 72nd Attack Aviation Squadron (16x So-21S)
      • 73rd Attack Aviation Squadron (16x So-21S)
      • 74th Attack Aviation Squadron (15x So-21S)
      • 75th Attack Aviation Squadron (16x So-21S)
    • 73rd Aviation Wing – Nagy-Borsa Air Base
      • 179th Attack Aviation Squadron (20x So-675)
      • 180th Attack Aviation Squadron (20x So-675)
      • 181st Attack Aviation Squadron (20x So-675)
      • 182nd Attack Aviation Squadron (20x So-675)
    • 81st Aviation Wing – Studnitz Airport
      • 171st Fighter Aviation Squadron (17x AS-90C)
      • 172nd Fighter Aviation Squadron (16x AS-95C)
      • 173rd Fighter Aviation Squadron (16x AS-95C)
    • 89th Aviation Wing – Latky Air Base
      • 143rd Fighter Aviation Squadron (16x AS-95B)
      • 144th Fighter Aviation Squadron (16x AS-95B)
      • 145th Fighter Aviation Squadron (20x AS-94A)
      • 146th Fighter Aviation Squadron (20x AS-94A)
    • 256th Test Wing – Dargovík Air Base
      • 385th Test Squadron (10x AS-90M)
      • 400th Test Squadron (8x AS-90C)
      • 401st Research Squadron (12x AS-90M)
      • 402nd Research Squadron (10x AS-94C)
      • 403rd Research Squadron (10x AS-100)
    • 102nd Training Wing – Košolná Air Base
      • 400th Conversion Squadron (10x So-21T)
      • 401st Conversion Squadron (12x AS-100)
    • 103rd Training Wing – Latky Air Base
      • 402nd Conversion Squadron (16x AS-90U)
      • 577th Conversion Squadron (12x AS-94B)
  • Third Air Force – (Skoskie, Holynia)
    • 11th Aviation Wing – Novy Šarolta Airport
      • 31st Fighter Aviation Squadron (16x AS-90D)
      • 49th Fighter Aviation Squadron (16x AS-90D)
      • 12th Search and Rescue Aviation Squadron (16x Vl-24-10, 4x Vk-10)
      • 19th Search and Rescue Aviation Squadron (14x Vl-24-10, 6x Vk-10)
      • 60th Control Aviation Squadron (3x Ja-70)
      • 156th Aerial Refueling Aviation Squadron (8x So-370AM1)
    • 31st Aviation Wing – Vaďovce Air Base
      • 788th Attack Squadron (12x AS-08)
      • 789th Attack Squadron (12x AS-08)
      • 790th Attack Squadron (16x AS-08)
      • 791st Attack Squadron (4x AS-12)
      • 792nd Attack Squadron (4x AS-12)
    • 33rd Aviation Wing – Fort Plaveč Air Base
      • 324th Fighter Aviation Squadron (20x AS-100A)
      • 338th Fighter Aviation Squadron (16x So-30 2.1)
      • 339th Fighter Aviation Squadron (16x AS-95C)
      • 340th Fighter Aviation Squadron (16x AS-95C)
    • 50th Aviation Wing – Piková Air Base
      • 831st Transport Aviation Squadron (12x Ja-54-4)
      • 832nd Transport Aviation Squadron (12x So-600)
      • 833rd Transport Aviation Squadron (4x So-515)
      • 834th Transport Aviation Squadron (12x AS-73)
      • 835th Transport Aviation Squadron (20x Vl-24-10)
    • 57th Aviation Wing – Kvačany Air Base
      • 422nd Control Aviation Squadron (4x SO-245E)
      • 423rd Reconnaissance Aviation Squadron (10x So-295)
      • 424th Reconnaissance Aviation Squadron (4x So-250)
      • 425th Electronic Warfare Aviation Squadron (4x Ja-15P)
    • 93rd Aviation Wing (Reserve) – Povoda Airport
      • 891st Fighter Aviation Squadron (16x So-30 2.1)
      • 892nd Strike Aviation Squadron (16x AS-83E)
      • 893rd Attack Aviation Squadron (20x So-21T)
  • Ninth Air Force
    • 236th Aviation Wing – Košolná Air Base
      • 786th Reconnaissance Squadron (6x So-250)
      • 787th Reconnaissance Squadron (6x So-250)
    • 263rd Aviation Wing – Ľubotice Air Base
      • 373rd Reconnaissance Squadron (8x AS-12)
    • 286th Aviation Wing – Sekule Air Base
      • 188th Reconnaissance Squadron (12x AS-07)
      • 189th Reconnaissance Squadron (12x AS-07)
      • 190th Reconnaissance Squadron (12x AS-07)
    • 299th Aviation Wing – Leklinec Air Base
      • 766th Control Aviation Squadron (5x Ja-70)
      • 767th Control Aviation Squadron (6x So-245E)
      • 768th Control Aviation Squadron (6x So-245E)
    • 302nd Aviation Wing – Zámutov Air Base
      • 182nd Reconnaissance Squadron (8x So-680)
      • 183rd Reconnaissance Squadron (8x So-680)
    • 303rd Aviation Wing – Kalnište Air Base
      • 781st Electronic Warfare Aviation Squadron (7x Ja-15T)
      • 782nd Electronic Warfare Aviation Squadron (10x Ja-15P)
      • 783rd Electronic Warfare Aviation Squadron (10x So-295G)
    • 306th Aviation Wing – Chocholná Air Base
      • 259th Reconnaissance Squadron (16x So-671)
      • 260th Reconnaissance Squadron (16x So-671)
      • 261st Reconnaissance Squadron (16x So-671)
      • 262nd Reconnaissance Squadron (20x So-675)
      • 263rd Reconnaissance Squadron (20x So-675)
      • 264th Reconnaissance Squadron (16x AS-08)
    • 311th Aviation Wing – Kračany Air Base
      • 661st Electronic Warfare Aviation (10x So-290T)
      • 662nd Reconnaissance Squadron (8x So-295E)
      • 663rd Reconnaissance Squadron (4x So-250G)
    • 313th Aviation Wing – Bačovňa Air Base
      • 117th Control Aviation Squadron (4x SO-240E)
      • 118th Control Aviation Squadron (2x Ja-70)
      • 119th Reconnaissance Aviation Squadron (6x So-290T)

Training Command

  • Second Air Force

Reserve Aviation Command

  • Fourth Air Force
    • 177th Aviation Wing
      • 197th Fighter Aviation Squadron (16x AS-100A)
      • 256th Fighter Aviation Squadron (15x AS-90D)
    • 367th Aviation Wing
      • 355th Strike Aviation Squadron (20x AS-83D)
      • 356th Fighter Aviation Squadron (18x AS-90C)
      • 357th Strike Aviation Squadron (12x AS-83D, 4x AS-95D)
    • 394th Aviation Wing
      • 134th Attack Aviation Squadron (16x So-21T)
      • 135th Fighter Aviation Squadron (17x AS-90C)
      • 136th Attack Aviation Squadron (16x AS-83C)
      • 137th Attack Aviation Squadron (20x AS-86D)
      • 138th Attack Aviation Squadron (20x AS-86D)
    • 488th Aviation Wing
      • 671st Fighter Aviation Squadron (20x AS-90D)
      • 672nd Fighter Aviation Squadron (16x So-30 2.1)
      • 673rd Attack Aviation Squadron (16x So-21S)
      • 674th Attack Aviation Squadron (16x So-21S)
    • 501st Aviation Wing
      • 202nd Fighter Aviation Squadron (16x AS-95C)
      • 207th Strike Aviation Squadron (19x AS-94A)
      • 208th Strike Aviation Squadron (20x AS-94A)
  • Seventh Air Force
    • 651st Aviation Wing
      • 329th Transport Aviation Squadron (10x Ja-54-4)
      • 330th Transport Aviation Squadron (10x Ja-54-4)
    • 657th Aviation Wing
      • 119th Transport Aviaton Squadron (10x So-240)
    • 687th Aviation Wing
      • 200th Transport Aviation Squadron (10x So-245)
    • 691st Aviation Wing
      • 788th Aerial Refueling Squadron (5x So-300N)
      • 988th Aerial Refueling Squadron (6x So-350N)
    • 733rd Aviation Wing
      • 152nd Transport Aviation Squadron (16x AS-72)
    • 756th Aviation Wing
      • 340th Transport Aviation Squadron (6x So-515)
    • 843rd Aviation Wing
      • 8th Transport Aviation Squadron (16x So-235)
    • 870th Aviation Wing
      • 320th Transport Aviation Squadron (8x Ja-54-4)
      • 321st Transport Aviation Squadron (8x Ja-54-4)
    • 878th Aviation Wing
      • 45th Aerial Refueling Squadron (9x Ja-41M)
      • 46th Aerial Refueling Squadron (10x Ja-41M)
    • 899th Aviation Wing
      • 567th Aerial Refueling Squadron (10x Ja-41M)
  • Eleventh Air Force
    • 307th Aviation Wing
      • 355th Rotary Squadron (16x Vl-20-23)
      • 356th Rotary Squadron (12x Vl-20-23)
    • 360th Aviation Wing
      • 409th Rotary Squadron (16x Vl-24-10)
    • 378th Aviation Wing
      • 51st Rotary Squadron (12x Vl-24-10)
    • 391st Aviation Wing
      • 1034th Rotary Squadron (16x Vl-24-07)
      • 1035th Rotary Squadron (12x Vl-24-07)
    • 567th Aviation Wing
      • 4915th Rotary Squadron (10x Vl-35-3)
      • 4916th Rotary Squadron (10x Vl-35-3)
    • 573rd Aviation Wing
      • 377th Rotary Squadron (12x Vk-36)
      • 378th Rotary Squadron (12x Vk-36)
      • 379th Rotary Squadron (12x Vk-36)

Transport Aviation Command

  • Fifth Air Force
    • 576th Aviation Wing
      • 346th Transport Aviation Squadron (12x Ja-54-5)
      • 347th Transport Aviation Squadron (12x Ja-54-5)
      • 348th Transport Aviation Squadron (12x Ja-54-5)
      • 350th Transport Aviation Squadron (16x Ja-54-5)
      • 351st Transport Aviation Squadron (12x Ja-54-4)
      • 352nd Transport Aviation Squadron (16x Ja-54-3)
      • 353rd Transport Aviation Squadron (15x Ja-54-3)
    • 609th Aviation Wing
      • 251st Transport Aviation Squadron (16x So-245)
      • 252nd Transport Aviation Squadron (16x So-245)
      • 253rd Transport Aviation Squadron (16x So-245)
      • 254th Transport Aviation Squadron (16x So-245)
      • 255th Transport Aviation Squadron (16x So-245)
      • 256th Transport Aviation Squadron (16x So-245)
    • 625th Aviation Wing
      • 141st Transport Aviation Squadron (8x So-700, 4x Ja-54-3)
      • 142nd Transport Aviation Squadron (12x So-700)
      • 143rd Transport Aviation Squadron (12x So-700)
      • 144th Transport Aviation Squadron (12x Ja-54-3)
      • 145th Transport Aviation Squadron (12x Ja-54-3)
    • 637th Aviation Wing
      • 287th Transport Aviation Squadron (16x So-600)
      • 288th Transport Aviation Squadron (16x So-600)
      • 289th Transport Aviation Squadron (16x So-600)
      • 290th Transport Aviation Squadron (16x So-600)
      • 291st Transport Aviation Squadron (16x So-600)
      • 292nd Transport Aviation Squadron (10x So-600)
    • 653rd Aviation Wing
      • 74th Transport Aviation Squadron (10x So-515)
      • 75th Transport Aviation Squadron (12x Ja-54-5)
    • 681st Aviation Wing
      • 305th Transport Aviation Squadron (4x SOKO So-370V)
      • 306th Transport Aviation Squadron (12x AS-73)
      • 307th Transport Aviation Squadron (12x AS-72)
    • 697th Aviation Wing
      • 433rd Transport Aviation Squadron (16x So-240)
      • 434th Transport Aviation Squadron (16x So-240)
      • 435th Transport Aviation Squadron (12x AS-73)
      • 436th Transport Aviation Squadron (12x AS-73)
    • 701st Aviation Wing
      • 133rd Transport Aviation Squadron (10x So-515)
      • 134th Transport Aviation Squadron (16x So-235)
      • 251st Aerial Refueling Aviation Squadron (12x So-300T)
      • 252nd Aerial Refueling Aviation Squadron (12x So-300T)
      • 253rd Aerial Refueling Aviation Squadron (8x So-300T)
    • 746th Aviation Wing
      • 210th Transport Aviation Squadron (12x AS-73)
      • 211th Transport Aviation Squadron (20x AS-73)
    • 804th Aviation Wing
      • 362nd Aerial Refueling Squadron (10x Ja-41M)
    • 829th Aviation Wing
      • 403rd Aerial Refueling Squadron (10x Ja-41M)
    • 892nd Aviation Wing
      • 512th Aerial Refueling Squadron (6x So-370AM1)
    • 901st Aviation Wing
      • 134th Aerial Refueling Squadron (6x Ja-41M)

Strategic Aviation Command

  • Sixth Air Force
    • 92nd Aviation Wing
      • 22nd Bomb Squadron (10x So-210MM)
      • 23rd Bomb Squadron (10x So-210MM)
      • 37th Bomb Squadron (10x So-210MM)
    • 347th Aviation Wing
      • 56th Bomb Squadron (12x So-700BM)
      • 57th Bomb Squadron (12x So-700BM)
    • 404th Aviation Wing
      • 871st Bomb Squadron (16x So-600MM)
      • 872nd Bomb Squadron (16x So-600MM)
      • 873rd Bomb Squadron (16x So-600MM)
    • 407th Aviation Wing
      • 345th Bomb Squadron (10x So-210MM)
      • 346th Bomb Squadron (10x So-210MM)
    • 561st Aviation Wing
      • 237th Bomb Squadron (16x So-600MM)
      • 238th Bomb Squadron (16x So-600MM)
      • 239th Bomb Squadron (16x So-600MM)
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