Crimean language: Difference between revisions

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|script = Officially Latin and Arabic but Cyrillic is also widely used
|script = Officially Latin and Arabic but Cyrillic is also widely used
|nation = {{flag|Crimea}}
|nation = {{flag|Crimea}}
|agency = Shuvet i Ezik
|agency = Crimean Nehizde Tilinen
|iso3  = ktr
|iso3  = crm
|lingua = 52-ABB
|lingua = 52-ABB
|map    =  
|map    =  
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}}
}}


'''Crimean''' (qəryəm tili, къырым тили), also called '''Crimean Tatar''' (qəryəmtatar tili, къырымтатар тили), is a Kipchak Turkic language spoken in Crimea and the Crimean diasporas of Ukraine, Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria and Uzbekistan, as well as small communities in the United States, Canada and Russian. Despite being called Crimean Tatar, it should not be confused with Tatar proper, spoken in Tatarstan and adjacent regions in Russia; the languages are related, but belong to two different subgroups of the Kipchak languages and thus are not mutually intelligible. It has been extensively influenced by nearby Oghuz dialects, most notably Turkish.
'''Crimean''' (qəryəm tili, къырым тили), also called '''Crimean Tatar''' (qəryəmtatar tili, къырымтатар тили) and sometimes '''Crimean Turkish''', is a Kipchak Turkic language spoken in Crimea and the Crimean diasporas of Ukraine, Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria and Uzbekistan, as well as small communities in the United States, Canada and Russian. Despite being called Crimean Tatar, it should not be confused with Tatar proper, spoken in Tatarstan and adjacent regions in Russia; the languages are related, but belong to two different subgroups of the Kipchak languages and thus are not mutually intelligible. It has been extensively influenced by nearby Oghuz dialects, most notably Turkish.


== Classification ==
== History ==
== Geographic distribution ==
=== Official status ===
=== Dialects ===
The dialects of Crimean identified by Ethnologue are: Tatar, Tat, Sharqi, Yalıboyu, Noğay, Cumanian, Yedisani, Khan's Crimean, Danubian Crimean


== Script ==
== Script ==
The official script for Crimean alphabet was the Latin and Arabic alphabets. The Cyrillic alphabet was also an the official script for Crimean, until 2013, when it was replaced by Latin. This change later started a transition to Latin, which brought to a rearrangement of the alphabetical order and the elimination of the phoneme [ɪ] from the new Latin alphabet and the absorption of the phoneme [i] into a new letter: I i. A new letter, X x was also introduced (representing [ks]). The letters ъ, ь and Я я have been abolished. Although not part of the alphabet, Â â ([ja]) is sometimes used in loanwords.
The official script for Crimean alphabet was the Latin and Arabic alphabets. The Cyrillic alphabet was also an the official script for Crimean, until 2013, when it was replaced by Latin. This change later started a transition to Latin, which brought to a rearrangement of the alphabetical order and the elimination of the phoneme [ɪ] from the new Latin alphabet and the absorption of the phoneme [i] into a new letter: I i. A new letter, X x was also introduced (representing [ks]). The letters ъ, ь and Я я have been abolished. Although not part of the alphabet, Â â ([ja]) is sometimes used in loanwords.


In late 2015, an initiative to use the Georgian script along with the Latin was launched by various Orthodox Crimeans as a way of distancing away from Cyrillic. The Crimean government is currently not looking forward to implementing Mkhedruli.
In late 2015, an initiative to use the Georgian script along with the Latin was launched by various Orthodox Crimeans including Patriarch of the Crimean Orthodox Church Timerxan Hayroudinoff as a way of distancing away from Cyrillic and Russian influence. The Crimean government is currently considering to implementing Mkhedruli.
 
== Alphabet ==
== Alphabet ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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! Latin !! Arabic !! Cyrillic (until 1993) !! Georgian (proposed) !! Name !! IPA
! Latin !! Arabic !! Cyrillic (until 1993) !! Georgian (proposed) !! Name !! IPA
|-
|-
| '''Aa''' || Example || Example || ა || Example || /a/
| '''A a''' || Example || A a || ა || Example || /a/
|-
|-
| '''Bb''' || Example || Example || ბ || Example || /b/
| '''B b''' || Example || Б б || ბ || Example || /b/
|-
|-
| '''Cc''' || Example || Example || ჯ || Example || /d͡ʒ/
| '''C c''' || Example || Дж дж || ჯ || Example || /d͡ʒ/
|-
|-
| '''Çç''' || Example || Example || ჭ || Example || /t͡ʃ/
| '''Ç ç''' || Example || Ч ч || ჭ || Example || /t͡ʃ/
|-
|-
| '''Dd''' || Example || Example || დ || Example || /d/
| '''D d''' || Example || Д д || დ || Example || /d/
|-
|-
| '''Ee''' || Example || Example || ე || Example || /e/
| '''E e''' || || Е е || ე || Example || /e/
|-
|-
| '''Əə''' || Example || Example || ე || Example || /ɜ/
| '''Ə ə''' || || Э э || ჷ || Example || /ɜ/
|-
|-
| '''Ff''' || Example || Example || ჶ || Example || /f/
| '''F f''' || Example || Ф ф || ჶ || Example || /f/
|-
|-
| '''Gg''' || Example || Example || გ || Example || /g/
| '''G g''' || Example || Г г || გ || Example || /g/
|-
|-
| '''Ğğ''' || Example || Example || ღ || Example || /ɣ/
| '''Ğ ğ''' || Example || Гъ гъ || ღ || Example || /ɣ/
|-
|-
| '''Hh''' || Example || Example || ხ || Example || /x/
| '''H h''' || Example || X x || ხ || Example || /x/
|-
|-
| '''Ii''' || Example || Example || ი || Example || /i/
| '''I i''' || Example || И и || ი || Example || /i/
|-
|-
| '''Iı''' || Example || Example || || Example || /ɯ/
| '''I ı''' || Example || Ы ы || მე || Example || /ɯ/
|-
|-
| '''Jj''' || Example || Example || ჟ || Example || /ʒ/
| '''J j''' || Example || Ж ж || ჟ || Example || /ʒ/
|-
|-
| '''Kk''' || Example || Example || ქ || Example || /k/
| '''K k''' || Example || К к || ქ || Example || /k/
|-
|-
| '''Ll''' || Example || Example || ლ || Example || /l/
| '''L l''' || Example || Л л || ლ || Example || /l/
|-
|-
| '''Mm''' || Example || Example || მ || Example || /m/
| '''M m''' || Example || М м || მ || Example || /m/
|-
|-
| '''Nn''' || Example || Example || ნ || Example || /n/
| '''N n''' || Example || Н н || ნ || Example || /n/
|-
|-
| '''Ññ''' || Example || Example || || Example || /ŋ/
| '''Ñ ñ''' || Example || Нъ нъ || ჰ || Example || /ŋ/
|-
|-
| '''Oo''' || Example || Example || ო || Example || /o/
| '''O o''' || Example || О о || ო || Example || /o/
|-
|-
| '''Öö''' || Example || Example || || Example || /ø/
| '''Ö ö''' || Example || О о || ოე || Example || /ø/
|-
|-
| '''Pp''' || Example || Example || ფ || Example || /p/
| '''P p''' || Example || П п || ფ || Example || /p/
|-
|-
| '''Qq''' || Example || Example || ყ || Example || /q/
| '''Q q''' || Example || Къ къ || ყ || Example || /q/
|-
|-
| '''Rr''' || Example || Example || რ || Example || /r/
| '''R r''' || Example || P p || რ || Example || /r/
|-
|-
| '''Ss''' || Example || Example || ს || Example || /s/
| '''S s''' || Example || C c || ს || Example || /s/
|-
|-
| '''Şş''' || Example || Example || შ || Example || /ʃ/
| '''Ş ş''' || Example || Ш ш || შ || Example || /ʃ/
|-
|-
| '''Tt''' || Example || Example || თ || Example || /t/
| '''T t''' || Example || Т т || თ || Example || /t/
|-
|-
| '''Uu''' || Example || Example || ჳ || Example || /u/
| '''U u''' || Example || У у || უ || Example || /u/
|-
|-
| '''Üü''' || Example || Example || უ || Example || /y/
| '''Ü ü''' || Example || Ю ю, У у || უე || Example || /y/
|-
|-
| '''Vv''' || Example || Example || ვ || Example || /v/, /w/
| '''V v''' || Example || В в || ვ || Example || /v/, /w/
|-
|-
| '''Yy''' || Example || Example || ჲ || Example || /j/
| '''Y y''' || Example || Й й || ჲ || Example || /j/
|-
|-
| '''Zz''' || Example || Example || ზ || Example || /z/
| '''Z z''' || Example || З з || ზ || Example || /z/
|-
|-
| '''Ts''' || Example || Example || ც || Example || /t͡s/
| '''Ts ts''' || Example || Ц ц || ც || Example || /t͡s/
|-
|-
| Mm || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
| Mm || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
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|}
|}
=== Sample of the scripts ===
=== Sample of the scripts ===
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
{|
|-
! Crimean !! Crimean Cyrillic !! Georgian script (proposed) !! English
|-
| Example || Example || Example || All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
|}


== Morphology and syntax ==
== Morphology and syntax ==

Latest revision as of 20:44, 17 September 2020

Crimean language
Qəryəm
Pronunciationka-tron-ski
Native speakers
200,085,395 (2018)
L2: 10 million
Officially Latin and Arabic but Cyrillic is also widely used
Official status
Official language in
File:CrimeanFlag.jpeg Crimea
Regulated byCrimean Nehizde Tilinen
Language codes
ISO 639-3crm
Linguasphere52-ABB

Crimean (qəryəm tili, къырым тили), also called Crimean Tatar (qəryəmtatar tili, къырымтатар тили) and sometimes Crimean Turkish, is a Kipchak Turkic language spoken in Crimea and the Crimean diasporas of Ukraine, Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria and Uzbekistan, as well as small communities in the United States, Canada and Russian. Despite being called Crimean Tatar, it should not be confused with Tatar proper, spoken in Tatarstan and adjacent regions in Russia; the languages are related, but belong to two different subgroups of the Kipchak languages and thus are not mutually intelligible. It has been extensively influenced by nearby Oghuz dialects, most notably Turkish.

Classification

History

Geographic distribution

Official status

Dialects

The dialects of Crimean identified by Ethnologue are: Tatar, Tat, Sharqi, Yalıboyu, Noğay, Cumanian, Yedisani, Khan's Crimean, Danubian Crimean

Script

The official script for Crimean alphabet was the Latin and Arabic alphabets. The Cyrillic alphabet was also an the official script for Crimean, until 2013, when it was replaced by Latin. This change later started a transition to Latin, which brought to a rearrangement of the alphabetical order and the elimination of the phoneme [ɪ] from the new Latin alphabet and the absorption of the phoneme [i] into a new letter: I i. A new letter, X x was also introduced (representing [ks]). The letters ъ, ь and Я я have been abolished. Although not part of the alphabet, Â â ([ja]) is sometimes used in loanwords.

In late 2015, an initiative to use the Georgian script along with the Latin was launched by various Orthodox Crimeans including Patriarch of the Crimean Orthodox Church Timerxan Hayroudinoff as a way of distancing away from Cyrillic and Russian influence. The Crimean government is currently considering to implementing Mkhedruli.

Alphabet

Latin Arabic Cyrillic (until 1993) Georgian (proposed) Name IPA
A a Example A a ა Example /a/
B b Example Б б ბ Example /b/
C c Example Дж дж ჯ Example /d͡ʒ/
Ç ç Example Ч ч ჭ Example /t͡ʃ/
D d Example Д д დ Example /d/
E e Е е ე Example /e/
Ə ə Э э ჷ Example /ɜ/
F f Example Ф ф ჶ Example /f/
G g Example Г г გ Example /g/
Ğ ğ Example Гъ гъ ღ Example /ɣ/
H h Example X x ხ Example /x/
I i Example И и ი Example /i/
I ı Example Ы ы მე Example /ɯ/
J j Example Ж ж ჟ Example /ʒ/
K k Example К к ქ Example /k/
L l Example Л л ლ Example /l/
M m Example М м მ Example /m/
N n Example Н н ნ Example /n/
Ñ ñ Example Нъ нъ ჰ Example /ŋ/
O o Example О о ო Example /o/
Ö ö Example О о ოე Example /ø/
P p Example П п ფ Example /p/
Q q Example Къ къ ყ Example /q/
R r Example P p რ Example /r/
S s Example C c ს Example /s/
Ş ş Example Ш ш შ Example /ʃ/
T t Example Т т თ Example /t/
U u Example У у უ Example /u/
Ü ü Example Ю ю, У у უე Example /y/
V v Example В в ვ Example /v/, /w/
Y y Example Й й ჲ Example /j/
Z z Example З з ზ Example /z/
Ts ts Example Ц ц ც Example /t͡s/
Mm Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Example Example Example

Sample of the scripts

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:

Crimean Crimean Cyrillic Georgian script (proposed) English
Example Example Example All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Morphology and syntax

Pronouns

Possessive pronouns

Verbs

Verb conjugation

Present
Negative
Past
Future
Subjunctive
Conditional

Passive form

Imperative

Adjectives

Demonstrative adjectives

Possessive adjectives

Locative suffixes

Vocabulary

Basic words

Numbers

Notes

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