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{{Region icon Kylaris}}
{{Region icon Kylaris}}
{{WIP}}
{{Infobox country
{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name =  Republic of Senria
|conventional_long_name =  Republic of Senria
|native_name =              썬류우꾜우외꼬꾸<br>'''''<small>Senryuu Kyouwakoku</small>'''''
|native_name =              {{lang|ko-Hang-KR|썬류우꾜우외꼬꾸}}<br>'''''<small>Senryuu Kyouwakoku</small>'''''
|common_name =              Senria
|common_name =              Senria
|image_flag =              SenriaFlag.png
|image_flag =              SenriaFlag.png
|image_coat =              Blótsmaþing.png
|image_coat =              Blótsmaþing.png
|symbol_type =              Emblem
|symbol_type =              Emblem
|national_motto =          꼬꾸민노이씨가쌔꼬우호우끼<br>''Kokumin no Isi ga Saikou Houki<br><small>The People's Will Shall be the Supreme Law''</small>
|national_motto =          {{lang|ko-Hang-KR|꼬꾸민노이씨가쌔꼬우호우끼}}<br>''Kokumin no Isi ga Saikou Houki<br><small>The People's Will Shall be the Supreme Law''</small>
|national_anthem =          꾜우외꼬꾸꼬우씬꾜꾸<br>''[[Kyouwakoku Kousinkyoku]]<br><small>March of the Republic''</small>
|national_anthem =          {{lang|ko-Hang-KR|꾜우외꼬꾸꼬우씬꾜꾸}}<br>''[[Kyouwakoku Kousinkyoku]]<br><small>March of the Republic''</small><br>[[File:MediaPlayer.png|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmoDtdyX_-I|200px]]
| other_symbol = [tbd hangul]<br><small>''[[Seal of the Senrian Republic]]''</small><br>[[File:Seal of the Senrian Republic.png|125px]]
| other_symbol = {{lang|ko-Hang-KR|썬류우꾜우외꼬꾸노몬}}<br><small>''[[Seal of Senria|Seal of the Senrian Republic]]''</small><br>[[File:Seal of the Senrian Republic.png|125px]]
| other_symbol_type = Seal:
| other_symbol_type = Seal:
|image_map =                 
|image_map =                 
Line 18: Line 17:
|capital =                  [[Keisi]]
|capital =                  [[Keisi]]
|largest_city =            [[Keisi]]
|largest_city =            [[Keisi]]
|official_languages =      [[Senrian language|Senrian]]
|official_languages =      {{wp|Japanese language|Senrian}}
|regional_languages =       
|regional_languages =      {{wp|Okinawan language|Isotaman}}, {{wp|Ainu language|Esamankur}}, {{wp|Nivkh language|Cotratic}}
|demonym =                  Senrian
|demonym =                  [[Senrian people|Senrian]]
|government_type =          {{wp|unitary republic|unitary}} {{wp|dominant-party system|dominant-party}} {{wp|parliamentary system|parliamentary}} {{wp|republic}}
|government_type =          {{wp|unitary republic|Unitary}}, historically {{wp|dominant-party system|dominant-party}}, {{wp|parliamentary system|parliamentary}} {{wp|republic}}<ref name="Senria - World's Largest Democracy?">{{cite journal
| last = Monnoyeur
| first = Clémentine
| title = La plus grande démocratie du monde? La Senrie dans le cadre de la "démocratie du sud"
| journal = Géopolitique de la Coïe
| volume =
| issue = 332.1
| pages = 132-156
| publisher =
| location =
| date = Fall 2013
| language =
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zn-ixEGR9Mg
| access-date = May 5, 2021}}</ref>
|leader_title1 =            [[Prime Minister of Senria|Prime Minister]]
|leader_title1 =            [[Prime Minister of Senria|Prime Minister]]
|leader_name1 =            [[Reika Okura]]
|leader_name1 =            [[Akiko Hasegawa]]
|leader_title2 =            [[Deputy Prime Minister of Senria|Deputy Prime Minister]]
|leader_name2 =            [[Itaru Wada]]
|leader_title3 =            [[National Assembly (Senria)|Chairwoman of the National Assembly]]
|leader_name3 =            [[Yosiko Asahara]]
|legislature =              [[National Assembly of Senria|National Assembly]]
|legislature =              [[National Assembly of Senria|National Assembly]]
|sovereignty_type =        '''[[History of Senria]]'''
|sovereignty_type =        '''[[History of Senria]]'''
|established_event1 =      Unification
|established_event1 =      [[Unification of Senria|Unification]]
|established_date1 =        710 BCE
|established_date1 =        710 BCE
|established_event2 =      Current government
|established_event2 =      [[Keiou Restoration]]
|established_date2 =        1926
|established_date2 =        1869
|area_km2 =                589192.28
|established_event3 =      [[Senrian Revolution]]
|established_date3 =        1918
|established_event4 =      [[Constitution of Senria|Current constitution]]
|established_date4 =        1933
|area_km2 =                609136.64<ref name="Senria area 2020">{{cite web|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=blgIao5PfEE
| title = 2020 Nationwide Area Survey by Prefecture & Municipality
| date = October 1, 2020
| publisher = [[Senrian Geospatial Information Authority]]
| access-date = April 15, 2021}}</ref>
|area_sq_mi =               
|area_sq_mi =               
|percent_water =             
|percent_water =            1.5%<ref name="Senria water area 2020">{{cite web|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sj_9CiNkkn4
| title = Surface water area statistics
| date =
| publisher = [[Association for Economic Development and Cooperation]]
| access-date = March 11, 2020}}</ref>
|population_estimate =       
|population_estimate =       
|population_estimate_year =  
|population_estimate_year =  
|population_census =        258,751,620
|population_census =        258,751,620<ref name="2015 Senrian census">{{cite web|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dy90tA3TT1c
| title = 2015 Population Census of the Republic of Senria
| date = 2015
| publisher = [[Statistics Bureau (Senria)|Senrian Statistics Bureau]]
| access-date = February 25, 2023}}</ref>
|population_census_year =  2015
|population_census_year =  2015
|population_density_km2 =  439.16
|population_density_km2 =  424.78
|population_density_sq_mi =  
|population_density_sq_mi =  
|GDP_PPP =                  $7.418 trillion
|GDP_PPP =                  $9.747 trillion<ref name="GIFA economic outlook SCoius">{{cite web|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9jGaJJlNyo
| title = 2015 Global Economic Outlook - Southern Coius
| date = November 27, 2015
| publisher = [[Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs]]
| access-date = March 2, 2017}}</ref>
|GDP_PPP_year =            2015
|GDP_PPP_year =            2015
|GDP_PPP_per_capita =      $28,670
|GDP_PPP_per_capita =      $37,670<ref name="GIFA economic outlook SCoius"/>
|GDP_nominal =              $3.808 trillion
|GDP_nominal =              $4.484 trillion<ref name="GIFA economic outlook SCoius"/>
|GDP_nominal_year =        2015
|GDP_nominal_year =        2015
|GDP_nominal_per_capita =  $13,328
|GDP_nominal_per_capita =  $17,328<ref name="GIFA economic outlook SCoius"/>
|Gini =                    47.7
|Gini =                    42.1
|Gini_change =               
|Gini_change =               
|Gini_year =                2015
|Gini_year =                2015<ref name="Income inequality 2015">{{cite web|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t14DgQHs1iY
|HDI_year =                2015
| title = Income inequality in 2015 - AEDC data
|HDI =                      .761
| date = August 8, 2016
| publisher = [[Association for Economic Development and Cooperation]]
| access-date = June 4, 2021}}</ref>
|HDI_year =                2022<ref name="CN human development 22-23">{{cite web|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFr2BnXdauM
| title = Human Development Report 2022/2023
| date = September 16, 2022
| publisher = [[Community of Nations#Subsidiary organs|CN International Development Program]]
| access-date = June 25, 2023}}</ref>
|HDI =                      .863
|HDI_change =               
|HDI_change =               
|currency =                [[Senrian yen]] (圓, ¥)
|currency =                [[Senrian yen]] (圓, ¥)
|currency_code =            SNY
|currency_code =            SNY
|utc_offset =               
|utc_offset =              -5
|date_format =              dd/mm/yyyy ({{wp|Common Era|CE}})
|date_format =              dd/mm/yyyy ({{wp|Common Era|CE}})
|drives_on =                {{wp|right- and left-hand traffic|left}}
|drives_on =                {{wp|right- and left-hand traffic|left}}
Line 60: Line 104:
|calling_code =            +30
|calling_code =            +30
}}
}}
'''Senria''' ([[Senrian language|Senrian]]: '''썬류우꼬꾸''', ''Senryuukoku''), known formally as the '''Republic of Senria''' (Senrian: '''썬류우꾜우외꼬꾸''', ''Senryuu Kyouwakoku''), is an {{wp|island country}} in [[Kylaris]]. Located in the continent of [[Coius]], it is bordered by the [[Honghai Sea]] to the south, the [[Lumine Ocean]] to the west and north, and the [[Hurasima Strait]] and [[Bay of Bashurat]] to the east. It shares a maritime border with [[Xiaodong]].  
'''Senria''' ({{wp|Japanese language|Senrian}}: {{lang|ko-Hang-KR|썬류우꼬꾸}}, ''Senryuukoku''), known formally as the '''Republic of Senria''' (Senrian: {{lang|ko-Hang-KR|썬류우꾜우외꼬꾸}}, ''Senryuu Kyouwakoku''), is an {{wp|island country}} located in the continent of [[Coius]]. It is bordered by the [[Lumine Ocean]] to the west and north, the [[Honghai Sea]] to the south and southeast, the [[Rangyoku Strait]] to the east, and the [[Bay of Bashurat]] to the northeast. Senria shares a maritime border with [[Shangea]]. Its capital and largest city is [[Keisi]].


Senria is a {{wp|stratovolcano|stratovolcanic}} {{wp|archipelago}} of more than 3,500 islands and islets, part of the greater archipelago of [[Lahudica]]. The three largest islands are [[Kousuu]], [[Tousuu]], and [[Yuusuu]], which make up the vast majority of Senria's land area; smaller islands and island chains include [[Gyousuu]], [[Kisima]], [[Rousima]], [[Kanasima]], the [[Isotama Islands]], and the [[Hibotu Islands]]. The landscape is largely dominated by mountains and ridges, with population centers and developed land concentrated in the valleys between them. Most of the archipelago is {{wp|temperate climate|temperate}}, exhibiting a {{wp|Humid continental climate|humid continental}} or {{wp|Oceanic climate|oceanic}} climate depending on location. The country also controls the [[Sunahama Islands]], an archipelago located at the boundary of the Honghai and [[Coral Sea|Coral]] Seas.
The main part of Senria, the [[Senrian archipelago]], is a {{wp|stratovolcano|stratovolcanic}} {{wp|archipelago}} of several thousand islands and islets. Of these, the islands of [[Kousuu]], [[Tousuu]], [[Yuusuu]], and [[Gyousuu]], which make up the majority of Senria's land area and are home to the vast majority of its population, are considered to be the "main islands". Smaller islands within the Senrian archipelago include [[Kisima]], [[Rousima]], [[Kanasima]], [[Sugisima]], and [[Kaedezima]]; subarchipelagos within the larger Senrian archipelago include the [[Isotama Islands|Isotama]] and [[Hibotu Islands|Hibotu]] island chains. The country also controls the [[Sunahama Islands]], a series of {{wp|Atoll|atolls}} located on the border of the Honghai and [[Coral Sea|Coral]] seas.


According to traditional myths, Senria was founded in 710 BCE by the [[Emperor of Senria|Emperor]] [[Kousou of Senria|Kousou]]; most historians, however, consider traditional records documenting Senria's history before 358 CE to be unreliable. The first written records of Senria from an external source appear in [[Xiaodong]] in the 4th century. In the medieval era, central authority began to decline as power fell into the hands of hereditary lords known as daimyou. The collapse of central authority resulted in several centuries of instability and conflict which were ultimately ended by the 1869 [[Keiou Restoration]], in which the Emperor [[Kazuhito of Senria|Kazuhito]] established himself as an absolute monarch. The monarchy was overthrown shortly thereafter, however, in the [[Senrian Revolution]]. [[Xiaodong]] invaded Senria in 1927, triggering the [[Senrian-Xiaodongese War]] and the [[Senrian Genocide]]; the invasion was ultimately repelled and Senria emerged from the war as an industrial and military power. Senria spent much of the remainder of the 20th century engaged in espionage and counterespionage campaigns against Xiaodong, and continues to play a leading role in Coius as a leading member of the [[Community of Nations]] and as the foremost country in [[Council for Mutual Security and Development|COMSED]].
While Senria has been inhabited since the {{wp|Upper Paleolithic|Late Paleolithic}}, and was supposedly unified by the [[Monarchy of Senria|Emperor]] [[Kousou of Senria|Kousou]] in 710 BCE, traditional records of Senrian history before the 300s CE are typically regarded by historians as heavily mythologized and ultimately unreliable. The first confirmed references to Senria from an external source come in the ''[[Yiguoji]]'', a [[Shangea|Shangean]] chronicle from the 4th century CE. The authority of the Senrian monarchy was centralized by a series of reforms in the 5th and 6th centuries, enabling a flourishing of culture and commerce, but began to decline precipitously beginning in the 800s, with power falling into the hands of local lords known as ''{{wp|Daimyo|daimyou}}'' whose rule was enforced by warrior nobles known as {{wp|samurai}}. The ensuing period of prolonged internal division was marked both by regular conflict between rival ''daimyou''s and by a renewed flourishing of Senrian culture.


Senria is ''[demographic rework pending]''. Roughly 62.2 million people live in [[Greater Metropolitan Keisi]], which spans multiple prefectures and is the largest metropolitan area by population within [[Kylaris]]. The country has a moderate birth rate, and a moderate average lifespan. A majority of Senrians practice [[Tenkyou]], a traditional polytheistic faith with a variety of differing local traditions and a long history of syncretism with [[Satyism]] and [[Badi]]. There is also a rich artistic tradition within [[Culture of Senria|Senria]], manifesting in the forms of art, architecture, calligraphy, poetry, literature, music, theater, and sport.
The country was reunified by the [[Keiou Restoration]], beginning in 1869, which saw central authority reestablished under an {{wp|absolute monarchy}}; political repression, stalled modernization, and perceived weakness in the face of Shangean and [[Euclea|Euclean]] imperialism in subsequent decades led to the [[Senrian Revolution]], which ended with the formal deposition of the monarchy in 1923. The country played a major role in the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], undertaking a program of breakneck industrialization and mass mobilization in response to the [[Senrian Front|invasion of the country]] and [[Senrian Genocide|genocide of Senrians]] by Shangean forces. Senria emerged from the war as an industrial and military power; a new [[Constitution of Senria|constitution]] was ratified in 1933, with wartime leader [[Katurou Imahara]] establishing a dominant-party regime under his rule. While Senria liberalized somewhat under [[Prime Minister of Senria|Prime Minister]] [[Kiyosi Haruna]], Imahara's [[Aikokutou]] remains in power into the present.


Senria is officially a {{wp|unitary republic|unitary}} {{wp|parliamentary system|parliamentary}} {{wp|republic}}. Because the ruling [[Aikokutou]] has held power in some form since 1927, however, the country is also widely considered to be a {{wp|dominant-party system|dominant-party state}} and a [[Southern democracy]]. The Aikokutou is currently in coalition with two smaller parties, the [[Justice Party (Senria)|Justice Party]] and the [[Reimeisa]]. The current [[Prime Minister of Senria|Prime Minister]] is [[Reika Okura]], the first woman to hold the office; the current [[Deputy Prime Minister of Senria|Deputy Prime Minister]] is [[Kaori Himura]]. Traditionally split into 21 [[Traditional regions of Senria|traditional regions]], the country is now divided into 64 [[Prefectures of Senria|prefectures]]. Senria's economy is heavily industrial, though there is a small agricultural sector and a growing white-collar sector, and is dominated by a group of financial cliques known as {{wp|keiretsu|keiretu}}. The country's military, the [[Senrian Republican Armed Forces]], is dominated by the [[Senrian Republican Navy]] and the [[Senrian Republican Air Force]].
Home to 258 million people as of 2015, Senria is the second-largest country in the [[Kylaris|world]] by population; its capital, [[Keisi]], is the largest {{wp|city}} and {{wp|metropolitan area}} in the world. While the Senrian population is overwhelmingly composed of [[Senrian people|ethnic Senrians]], the country is also home to the [[Isotaman people|Isotamans]], [[Esamankur people|Esamankur]], and [[Cotratic people|Cotratics]], as well as [[Shangea|Shangean]], [[Ansan|Ansene]], [[Satria|Satrian]], [[Chanwa|Chanwan]], and [[Kuthina|Kuthine]] populations, and returned members of the [[Senrian diaspora]] known as {{wp|dekasegi}}. Most Senrians practice a form of [[Tenkyou]], the country's {{wp|indigenous religion}}, which has been highly {{wp|Syncretism|syncretized}} with [[Zohism]] and [[Badi]]; noteworthy minority religions in Senria include [[Sotirianity]] and several {{wp|New religious movement|new religious movements}} known collectively as {{wp|Japanese new religions|''sinsuukyou''}}. The country's official language is {{wp|Japanese language|Senrian}}, though {{wp|Okinawan language|Isotaman}}, {{wp|Ainu language|Esamankur}}, and {{wp|Nivkh language|Cotratic}} have been accorded limited recognition at the local level.


Senria is considered a {{wp|great power}} in [[Kylaris]] due to its large [[Demographics of Senria|population]], substantial [[Senrian Republican Armed Forces|military]], [[Senria and weapons of mass destruction|nuclear arsenal]], high {{wp|standard of living}}, and [[Economy of Senria|economic]] and [[Culture of Senria|cultural]] clout. It holds a permanent seat on the [[Community of Nations]]'s [[Community of Nations Security Committee|Security Committee]], co-founded [[Council for Mutual Security and Development|COMSED]], and is a member of [[Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs|GIFA]] and the [[International Trade Organisation|ITO]].
Senria is formally established as a {{wp|unitary republic|unitary}} {{wp|parliamentary system|parliamentary}} {{wp|republic}}, with legislative power vested in an elected unicameral [[National Assembly of Senria|National Assembly]] and executive power held by a [[Prime Minister of Senria|Prime Minister]] designated by the legislature. While nominally a {{wp|Multi-party system|multi-party}} {{wp|democracy}}, Senria has been dominated politically by the [[Aikokutou]] since 1927, and is typically classed as a {{wp|dominant-party system|dominant-party state}} or a [[Southern democracy]] by analysts. Senria's current prime minister is [[Reika Okura]], the first woman to hold the office, who has held the position since 2018. Traditionally split into 21 [[Traditional regions of Senria|traditional regions]], the country is formally divided into 64 [[Prefectures of Senria|prefectures]], which hold relatively little autonomy. The Senrian military, known as the [[Senrian Republican Armed Forces]], consists of the [[Senrian Republican Army]], [[Senrian Republican Navy|Navy]], and [[Senrian Republican Air Force|Air Force]], and is regarded as among the foremost militaries in Coius, backed by one of the largest military budgets in the world. Senria is one of the seven states permitted to have [[List of countries with nuclear weapons (Kylaris)|nuclear weapons]] under the [[Treaty of Shanbally]].
 
Senria has the second-largest economy in the world in terms of {{wp|nominal GDP}}. A leading {{wp|Manufacturing|industrial}} power and major {{wp|Export|exporter}} of {{wp|Final good|consumer goods}}, its economy has steadily become progressively more {{wp|White-collar worker|white-collar}} since the 1980s, though this has been increasingly marred by {{wp|economic stagnation}} in the past five years. The Senrian economy is marked by the domination of a handful of corporate cliques known as {{wp|Keiretsu|keiretu}} and an emphasis on lifetime employment and seniority-based advancement in the corporate world. While it ranks highly on the {{wp|Human Development Index}}, the country also suffers from high levels of {{wp|Economic inequality|income inequality}}. Senria's currency is the [[Senrian yen|yen]].
 
[[Culture of Senria|Senrian culture]] stands as one of the most prominent and influential cultures in the modern world, having obtained global reach during the 20th century, particularly following the start of the [[Senrian Wave]] in the 1980s. Senrian [[Senrian art|art]], [[Cinema of Aucuria|cinema]], [[Senrian cuisine|cuisine]], [[Senrian literature|literature]], [[Music of Senria|music]], [[Television in Senria|television]], and [[Video games in Senria|video games]] are well-known and capable of exercising worldwide influence, and are regarded by many analysts as an important facet of Senrian {{wp|soft power}}.
 
Senria is commonly considered one of the [[Kylaris|world's]] {{wp|Great power|great powers}} due to its large [[Demographics of Senria|population]], substantial [[Senrian Republican Armed Forces|military]], [[Senria and weapons of mass destruction|nuclear arsenal]], high {{wp|standard of living}}, and [[Economy of Senria|economic]] and [[Culture of Senria|cultural]] clout. It holds a permanent seat on the [[Community of Nations]]'s [[Community of Nations Security Committee|Security Committee]], is a prominent member of [[Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs|GIFA]], the [[Association for Economic Development and Cooperation|AEDC]], and the [[International Trade Organisation|ITO]], and plays a leading role in [[Sangang Mutual Security Organization|SAMSO]], [[Council for Mutual Development|COMDEV]], and the [[Bashurat Cooperation Organization|BCO]].


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
{{main|Names of Senria}}
The typical name for Senria in the {{wp|Japanese language|Senrian language}}, written in {{wp|Kanji|Gyoumon}} as {{lang|ja|千龍國}} or {{lang|ja|千竜国}} and in {{wp|Hangul|Kokumon}} as {{lang|ko-Hang-KR|썬류우꼬꾸}}, is pronounced ''Senryuukoku''. This name, sometimes clipped to ''Senryuu'', roughly translates as "country of a thousand dragons". The first confirmed use of the term to refer to Senria appears in the ''[[Yiguoji]]'', a [[Shangea|Shangean]] chronicle from 372 CE.


The [[Senrian language]] term for Senria is ''Senryuukoku'', written in [[Goimon]] as 썬류우꼬꾸 and in [[Syodongmun]] as 千龍國. The term literally translates to "thousand dragon country". Senrian traditional legends state that the Senrian people are descended from a {{wp|Japanese dragon|dragon}} {{wp|kami}}, [[Pairyuu]], and a human woman named [[Toyomike]]. It is widely believed that this legend is the origin of the name, with the [[Senrian people]] thus being the "thousand dragons" in question. The first written reference to Senria appears in a [[Xiaodong|Xiaodongese]] document detailing neighboring nations written in 372 CE.
The earliest known Euclean form of the name, ''Tsenliong'', appears in the writings of [[Ponte Pilote]], and likely derives from the {{wp|Middle Chinese|Late Middle Shangean}} pronunciation of the characters {{lang|ja|千龍}}. The chronicles and letters of {{wp|Portuguese language|Luzelese}} and {{wp|Dutch language|Hennish}} explorers in the 16th century contain several variations more obviously derived from the Senrian form of the name; these variants rapidly supplanted the earlier ''Tsenliong'' and converged into the Gaullican ''Senrie'', which in turn became the {{wp|English language|Estmerish}} ''Senria''.
[[File:JarWithSpiralsFinalJomonKamegaokaStyle.jpg|175px|left|thumb|One of the clay pots found at Seidou.]]
While it is generally agreed that the English {{wp|exonym}} Senria is derived from the Senrian ''Senryuukoku'', is unclear exactly how this occurred.


==History==
==History==
{{main|History of Senria}}
{{Main|History of Senria}}
 
===Prehistory and antiquity===
===Prehistory and antiquity===


====Seidou period====
===Feudal era===


The first archaeological evidence of human habitation in what is now Senria has been dated to 30,000 BCE, and is believed to have belonged to a {{wp|Paleolithic}} culture. This was followed by the arrival of {{wp|Mesolithic}} and {{wp|Neolithic}} cultures, generally agreed to be proto-Lahudican and known as the [[Seidou culture]], in the 15,000s BCE. This semi-sedentary {{wp|hunter-gatherer}} culture was characterized by {{wp|pit-house|pit dwellings}} and {{wp|kofun|burial mounds}}. Examples of cord-marked pottery and primitive {{wp|lacquerware}} from this culture were discovered in the Senrian village of [[Seidou]] (Senrian: 쎄도우) in 1882, giving the Seidou period and the Seidou culture their names.
===Modern era===


Over the following centuries, the Seidou culture became more sedentary, and began to practice rudimentary agriculture; evidence gathered from archaeological sites suggests that by 1,200 BCE the late Seidou culture cultivated large amounts of several crops including rice, barley, sorghum, millet, and soy.
==Geography==
{{Main|Geography of Senria}}
Senria comprises 12,814 islands and islets located to the south and west of [[Coius]], of which about 520 are inhabited. The main portion of the country, the [[Senrian archipelago]], is a {{wp|stratovolcano|stratovolcanic}} {{wp|archipelago}} bordered by the [[Lumine Ocean]] to the west and north, the [[Bay of Bashurat]] to the northeast, the [[Rangyoku Strait]] to the east, and the [[Honghai Sea]] to the south and southeast. The four "main islands" of the Senrian archipelago, from east to west, are [[Tousuu]], [[Kousuu]], [[Yuusuu]], and [[Gyousuu]]. Within the larger Senrian archipelago, two subarchipelagos are typically identified - the [[Isotama Islands]], to the northeast of the main islands, and the [[Hibotu Islands]], the westernmost portion of the country. The archipelago also contains several thousand smaller islands and islets.
[[File:Mt Fuji NASA ISS002-E-6971 large.jpg|275px|right|thumb|[[Mount Senzou]], the highest point in Senria, as seen from space.]]
The Senrian archipelago is roughly 2,554 kilometers (1,587 miles) long, but is only about 460 kilometers (285 miles) wide at its widest point. Most of its terrain is highly mountainous, and, because of this, more than 65% of it is uninhabitable. Because of its location along the boundary of the [[Lumine Plate|Lumine]] and [[Austral Plate|Austral]] {{wp|Plate tectonics|tectonic plates}}, the Senrian archipelago is significantly prone to {{wp|Earthquake|earthquakes}}, {{wp|Volcano|volcanic activity}}, and {{wp|Tsunami|tsunamis}}.


====Eikou period====
Senria also controls the [[Sunahama Islands]], a chain of twenty-eight {{wp|Atoll|atolls}} and islets located on the border of the Honghai and [[Coral Sea|Coral]] seas. Obtained from [[Gaullica]] following the end of the Great War, the Sunahamas are also claimed by [[Shangea]].
The beginning of the Eikou period (Senrian: 에꼬우, lit. "glorious") is generally given as 710 BCE, the year in which the mythical [[Emperor of Senria|Emperor]] [[Kousou of Senria|Kousou]] supposedly created the first unified Senrian state. Unlike the preceding Seidou period, which was not given a name until the late 1800s, the Eikou period is present in traditional Senrian {{wp|historiography}}. Traditional Senrian histories, such as the ''[[Senryuugi]]'' and ''[[Senryuu Kouki]]'', emphasize the supposed achievements of several mythical and semimythical emperors and empresses, including Kousou, [[Reizei of Senria|Reizei]], [[Hiei of Senria|Hiei]], [[Reigen of Senria|Reigen]], and [[Kouken of Senria|Kouken]].
[[File:Tennō Jimmu detail 01.jpg|100px|right|thumb|A depiction of the legendary emperor [[Kousou of Senria|Kousou]].]]
Foremost among these is Kousou, who is listed as a descendent of the [[Tenkyou]] deities [[Tenryuu]] and [[Pairyuu]], and is credited with unifying Senria in the [[Touitu Wars]]. The last of these wars, according to traditional legends, was fought against a massive invading force "from the great land across the sea", led by a king named [[Kyoubun]]; the armies of Kyoubun and Kousou fought at the [[Battle of Hakusukinoe]], which supposedly ended in a Senrian victory after Pairyuu caused a great storm to destroy the invading army's camp. In the wake of the battle, Kyoubun swore fealty to Kousou and gave his daughter, [[Takano]], as a wife; in exchange, Kousou would allow the invaders to settle in Senria.  


While there is little if any evidence to suggest that these traditional tales have any historical veracity, and they are generally rejected by modern historians, some historians taking a {{wp|euhemerism|euhemeristic}} approach have argued that the legend surrounding the end of the Touitu Wars are heavily mythologized histories of several conflicts between the native proto-Lahudic population and an influx of [[Monic people|Monic peoples]] from [[Coius]], with the marriage of Kousou and Takano representing the eventual intermixing of the two populations.
Senria has a total area of {{convert|609136.64|km²|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}; metropolitan Senria has an area of {{convert|589191.68|km²|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} while the Sunahamas have an area of {{convert|19944.96|km²|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}. The Senrian archipelago lies roughly between latitudes 18° and 33°S and longitudes 146°W and 180°E; the Sunahamas are located roughly between latitudes 44° and 48°S and longitudes 105° to 115°W. The country's highest point is the peak of [[Mount Senzou]], which stands 3,776 meters (12,388 feet) tall; its lowest natural point is [[Lake Notorigata]], a now-partially-reclaimed lagoon located 4 meters (13 feet) below sea level. As an {{wp|Island country|island nation}}, Senria has no land borders; however, it does share a sea border with [[Shangea]] in the Rangyoku Strait.
[[File:Bronze Mirror in Ancient Japan.jpg|175px|left|thumb|An Eikou period bronze mirror.]]
Regardless, there is significant archaeological evidence that Monic peoples began to move to Senria in the 700s and 600s BCE, who brought {{wp|paddy field|wet field agriculture}}, {{wp|bronze|bronzemaking}}, {{wp|silk|silkmaking}}, {{wp|glass|glassmaking}}, and several improved techniques for making pottery, lacquerware, and textiles. There is also evidence of a population boom that might be related to food surpluses created by agriculture. Genetic evidence further suggests that the modern [[Senrian people]] are indeed descended from both Lahudic and Monic peoples.


====Surutou period====
===Climate===
The Surutou (Senrian: 쑤루또우, lit. "sharp sword") is generally considered to be the first period of Senrian history with reliable primary sources, and the first period whose history is properly history rather than deductions based on a mixture of archaeology and mythology. Its beginning is generally given as 358 CE, the beginning of the reign of the Emperor [[Entou of Senria|Entou]]. The first written reference to Senria appears in 372 CE, during what would have been Entou's reign, in a [[Xiaodong|Xiaodongese]] document listing the polities bordering Xiaodong; the document names Entou as the ruler of Senria and identifies his capital as a city named [[Keisi|Heikyou]], now modern-day Keisi.
[[File:Horyu-ji09s3200.jpg|125px|right|thumb|The five-story pagoda at [[Sekigawa-zinza]], built in 594.]]
During this period, power in Senria was gradually centralized under the emperor, who ruled the nation from the imperial capital of Heikyou. The emperor, in turn, appointed officials to govern other regions of the realm under what was known as the {{wp|shugo|sugo}} system. Bronze was gradually replaced by {{wp|iron}} and {{wp|steel}}, and efforts were made to establish infrastructure for administrative purposes.


In spite of improvements in agricultural technology, the [[Houei Famine]] broke out in 480. The famine, which affected the majority of the Senrian archipelago, likely began with an outbreak of {{wp|Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae|''Xanthomonas oryzae'' pv. ''oryzae''}} during the particularly wet year of 480, but was quickly compounded with the beginning of a drought in 482. While the drought largely halted the blight, the dry conditions caused the rice crop to fail regardless, and also resulted in the failures of other crops- such as soy, barley, and sorghum- that could have served as alternative food sources. The return of normal weather conditions in 488, and ensuing success of that year's crops, is generally considered the end of the famine. The famine was followed in 491 by a large-scale outbreak of smallpox.
The majority of Senria has a {{wp|temperate climate}} falling into the {{wp|Köppen climate classification|Köppen system}} categories ''{{wp|Humid subtropical climate|Cfa}}'' (humid subtropical climate) or ''{{wp|Oceanic climate|Cfb}}'' (temperate oceanic climate); however, some of the southerly regions of the archipelago have {{wp|Continental climate|continental climates}}, primarily ''{{wp|Humid continental climate|Dfa}}'' (hot-summer humid continental climate) or ''{{wp|Humid continental climate|Dfb}}'' (warm-summer humid continental climate). {{wp|Alpine climate|Aventine climates}} can also be found in parts of Senria on account of its pronounced {{wp|topography}}.


Senria saw increasing contact with its neighbors during this period. Some of this contact was peaceful; Senrian trade with its neighbors, including [[Xiaodong]], [[tbd]], and [[tbd]], expanded greatly during this period. Increased contact between Senria and continental Coius proved immensely fruitful technologically, economically, and culturally.
The country is generally rainy, though its many mountain ranges mean that parts of the country's east are affected by {{wp|Rain shadow|rain shadows}} and {{wp|Foehn wind|foehn winds}}, though these areas are still relatively wet, receiving at least 750 millimeters (30 inches) of rain annually; much of the country sees heavy snowfall during the winter. As a result of the country's heavy rainfall, sunshine is generally modest in quantity. Much of western Senria is at risk of {{wp|Typhoon|typhoons}} during the mid-to-late summer and early fall; an average of five or six typhoons pass over the country annually.
[[File:Genpei kassen.jpg|225px|left|thumb|The [[Battle of Ogasawara]], a major Senrian victory during the [[Kyoukou War]].]]
Not all contact with its neighbors was peaceful, however; the [[Kyoukou War]] began in 496 with the invasion of Kitasuu by the [[Xiang dynasty]]. Xiaodong scored several initial victories, including major victories over Senrian forces at [[Battle of Masakado|Masakado]] and [[Battle of Subuse|Subuse]], and established control over some areas of northern Kitasuu before Senria successfully turned the tide of the war with the battles of [[Battle of Ogasawara|Ogasawara]] and [[Battle of Kanegasaki|Kanegasaki]] in 499. Senrian troops under the Emperor [[Koumei of Senria|Koumei]] successfully forced the Xiang dynasty's forces out of Senria with the [[Battle of Siogawara]] in 501, and launched their own invasion of Xiaodong shortly thereafter. Senrian forces were successful on Xiaodongese soil, scoring victories in the battles of [[Battle of Zhonghe|Zhonghe]] and [[Battle of Yinbaolei|Yinbaolei]]. The capture of Zhonghe and Yinbaolei led to the [[Zhengzhi Emperor]] formally offering Xiaodong's surrender; Emperor Koumei demanded that Xiaodong abandon all claims to authority over Senria in perpetuity. The Zhengzhi Emperor accepted the demand in 503, formally ending the conflict.


The death of Emperor [[Ninkou of Senria|Ninkou]] in 608 triggered a {{wp|succession dispute}} between his brother, [[Imagawa no Koremasa]], and his daughter, [[Genmei of Senria|Imagawa no Aiko]]; Koremasa declared himself the Emperor Rokuzou and Aiko declared herself the Empress Genmei. The [[Satake clan|Satake]], [[Hatakeyama clan|Hatakeyama]], [[Ueno clan|Ueno]], and [[Yamana clan|Yamana]] clans all sided with Koremasa; only the [[Arisugawa clan]] and [[Arai clan]] supported Aiko. Koremasa won initial victories at [[Battle of Nawate|Nawate]] and [[Battle of Ousuu|Ousuu]]; however, he angered many of his allies, and Aiko quickly gained the upper hand in what was later named the [[Genmei War]]. Aided by the defection of the Ueno, Satake, and Yamana clans, Aiko scored major victories at [[Battle of Iimori|Iimori]] and [[Battle of Nakasendai|Nakasendai]]. In 613, Koremasa ordered his forces to march on Heikyou, hoping to end the war; he was killed after his army was attacked by enemy forces led by Aiko at [[Battle of Sakanoue|Sakanoue]], ending the conflict.
===Biodiversity===
{{Main|Wildlife of Senria}}
Senria is the native home of between 4,000 and 6,000 species of {{wp|plant}}. The country's north is dominated by a mixture of both {{wp|deciduous}} and {{wp|evergreen}} {{wp|Broad-leaved tree|broad-leaved trees}}; at higher altitudes and in the country's south, by contrast, forests are dominated more by {{wp|Conifer|conifers}}. The country's national tree is the {{wp|Acer palmatum|Senrian maple}}. Flowering and fruiting plants native to Senria include {{wp|Prunus mume|plums}}, {{wp|Prunus subg. Cerasus|cherries}}, and {{wp|Castanea crenata|chestnuts}}. Food crops originating in Senria include the {{wp|Adzuki bean|adzuki vine}}, {{wp|Oenanthe javanica|water celery}}, {{wp|wasabi}}, and edible seaweeds such as {{wp|Pyropia tenera|nori}} and {{wp|Hijiki|hiziki}}; the country is also famous for its edible mushrooms, such as the highly-prized {{wp|Shiitake|siitake}} and {{wp|Matsutake|matutake}} mushrooms.


Senrian culture also began to arise during this period. The ''[[Senryuugi]]'', an elaborate history of Senria detailing [[Tenkyou]] creation myths and the reigns and genealogy of Senria's emperors through the then-reigning [[Konoe of Senria|Emperor Konoe]], was published in 558 and is considered the oldest book of Senrian classical history. The ''[[Senryuu Kouki]]'', another historical chronicle, was released in 643 and covered the history of Senria through the reign of the Empress Genmei. The most prominent Senrian literary work of the era, the ''[[Suumugon]]'' ("collection of countless words"), is an anthology of poetry and the oldest extant collection of Senrian poetry, most of it in the {{wp|Waka (poetry)|senka}} format. Senrian art also began to appear during this period; notable artists from this era include [[Yosida no Tokiwa]] and [[Suiko no Mitunaga]]. Some examples of Senrian architecture from the period, including the famous temple complex at [[Sekigawa-zinza]], have survived into the present.
The country also exhibits great diversity in {{wp|animal}} life. Emblematic animal species include the {{wp|red fox}}, {{wp|Raccoon dog|tanuki}}, {{wp|sika deer}}, {{wp|Japanese macaque|Senrian macaque}}, {{wp|Japanese sparrowhawk|Senrian sparrowhawk}}, {{wp|red-crowned crane}}, {{wp|Mamushi|Senrian pit viper}}, and {{wp|Japanese giant salamander|Senrian giant salamander}}. Senria has more than 300 species of {{wp|butterfly}}, more than 1,000 species of {{wp|moth}}, and 190 species of {{wp|dragonfly}}; it is also home to more than 3,000 species of {{wp|fish}}.


===Feudal era===
===Environment===
[[File:Korea-Gyeongju-Bulguksa-33.jpg|200px|right|thumb|The [[Yakusi-zinza]] shrine, built in 774.]]
{{Main|Environmental issues in Senria}}
====Yowai period====
Senria suffered severe environmental degradation between the 1930s and 1970s, with environmental concerns downplayed by the Senrian government in favor of an emphasis on rapid {{wp|industrialization}} and maximizing {{wp|economic growth}}. In response to public anger, efforts to address the issue were made by the government of [[Tokiyasu Kitamura]], but many of these measures lapsed or were overturned during the subsequent government of [[Takesi Takahata]]. A renewed push for environmental protection legislation occurred in the 1980s; these laws served as the basis for stricter legislation passed during the premiership of [[Sigesato Izumi]].


The accession of [[Monarchy of Senria|Emperor]] [[Murakami of Senria|Murakami]] in 712 is generally considered the beginning of the Yowai (Senrian: 요와이, lit. "weak") period of Senrian history. This period, which lasted until 1339, is named for the near-total collapse of centralized imperial power and the increasing prominence and power of local nobility. In contrast to the Surutou period, which was lionized by later historians as an era of prestige and power for Senria, the Yowai period is recorded very negatively as an era of incompetence, decadence, and general mismanagement.  
Nonetheless, several issues persist. {{wp|Air pollution}} remains a serious problem in Senria, particularly {{wp|Smog|photochemical smog}} caused by industrial fumes, vehicular emissions, and the incineration of garbage. Senria is a major consumer of {{wp|fossil fuels}}; in 2017, roughly 85% of the country's {{wp|Electricity generation|electricity production}} came from {{wp|coal}}, {{wp|Petroleum|oil}}, or {{wp|natural gas}}. {{wp|Water pollution}} is still a persistent issue, with the damage to aquatic ecosystems being compounded by {{wp|overfishing}}, {{wp|eutrophication}}, {{wp|Algal bloom|algal blooms}}, and the destruction of coastal ecosystems by land reclamation efforts. The continued practice of {{wp|whaling}}, defended by the Senrian government as a scientific necessity and a cultural tradition, is a source of international controversy. Senria's government has also been accused of participating in and funding the {{wp|Climate change denial|denial of climate change}}.


While it had been common practice for the emperor to grant control of a territory to a close relative of the previous ruler under the sugo system, and an overwhelming majority of these titles were passed down through hereditary lines in practice, the Yowai period saw all pretense of imperial appointment dropped in favor of explicit {{wp|primogeniture|agnatic primogeniture}}. This change, and the increasing power of local lords as central power weakened, is generally considered to have marked the change from the previous sugo system into the {{wp|Daimyō|daimyou}} system, which Senria would continue to utilize until the [[Senrian Revolution]]. The ten daimyous of Senria's ten traditional regions beyond the imperial demesne gradually became the main power in the country, holding most of the country's lesser nobles in their vassalage. In order to defend their increasing wealth and power, daimyou began raising their own armies, causing the rise of the military nobility commonly known as {{wp|samurai}}. The emperor, meanwhile, was stripped of almost all power- political, military, and commercial- beyond his traditional demesne of [[Kinaidou]].
The Senrian government has responded to criticism by claiming that the critiques put forward by environmentalists exaggerate the scale of environmental issues within the country, insisting that Senrian environmental protection legislation is strictly enforced and alleging that claims to the contrary are invented or amplified by {{wp|bad faith}} actors, particularly the government of [[Shangea]]. It has also pointed to the funding put by both the Senrian government and Senrian companies into {{wp|Environmental technology|green technology}}. Since 2010, the government has also overseen reforestation campaigns aimed at restoring local environments and preventing erosion.
[[File:Tankei - Eruption of Mount Bandai.jpg|200px|left|thumb|A woodblock print of the [[802 eruption of Mount Senzou]].]]
A major {{wp|volcanic eruption}}, generally considered to have been a {{wp|Volcanic Explosivity Index|VEI}} 5 event, occurred at [[Mount Senzou]] in 802. The eruption released more than 800 million cubic meters (28×10<sup>9</sup> cubic feet) of volcanic ash and triggered a four-year famine, known as the [[Seiwa Famine]], that affected much of southern Senria.


The increasing weakness of the Senrian monarchy was made apparent during the 800s and 900s, when several emperors failed to prevent several noble houses- including the [[Mitiyasu clan]], Satake clan, [[Amakusa clan]], [[Okakura clan]], and [[Sugimori clan]]- from engaging in open warfare with each other. A particularly destabilizing incident was the deposition of the Arisugawa clan from their lordship over [[Saikaidou]] by the [[Ouuti clan]], in spite of explicit orders by the emperors [[Tuusei of Senria|Tuusei]] and [[Dunzi of Senria|Dunzi]] that the Ouuti clan end the war. While the Arisugawa did ultimately defeat the Ouuti clan, the incident was an utter humiliation to the imperial court and a sign of how weak central authority had grown. It quickly became clear that the loyalty of the daimyou lords to the empire was largely nominal, to be obeyed or ignored at their will.
==Politics==
{{Main|Politics of Senria|Government of Senria}}
[[File:Yuriko Koike 20230808menkai 01.jpg|160px|right|thumb|[[Akiko Hasegawa]] has been [[Prime Minister of Senria]] since 2023.]]
===Governance===


Hoping to capitalize on this weakness, the Xiaodongese [[Tao dynasty]] launched an invasion of Senria in 1104, triggering the [[Toukou War]]. Emperor [[Bunsei of Senria|Bunsei]] called upon all ten of the major daimyou lords to raise their levies; only [[Amakusa no Yousuke]] of [[Ongokudou]], [[Kitabatake no Morinaga]] of [[Tinhokudou]], [[Kikuti no Tameyosi]] of [[Saisandou]], and [[Arisugawa no Masahiro]] of [[Saikaidou]] complied. The armies of the different daimyou rarely coordinated with one each other on strategy, or during combat, resulting in a string of defeats for Senrian forces and effectively crippling the Senrian war effort. Senrian forces under Arisugawa did score a {{wp|pyrrhic victory}} at [[Battle of Sizugatake|Sizugatake]], and a stalemate at [[Battle of Fuzigawa|Fuzigawa]], but most of the battles during the conflict- including the [[Siege of Gosigawara]], [[Battle of Utidehama]], [[Battle of Tamuramaro]], and [[Battle of Koromogawa]]- were Xiaodongese victories.
Senria is legally established as a {{wp|unitary state|unitary}} {{wp|parliamentary system|parliamentary}} {{wp|republic}} and, accordingly, the country is sometimes characterized as the most populous {{wp|democracy}} in the [[Kylaris|world]]. The Republic of Senria was originally formed in 1918, following the start of the [[Senrian Revolution]]; however, the country's current [[Constitution of Senria|constitution]] was not written until 1933. In practice, Senria has long been often characterized as a {{wp|dominant-party system|dominant-party state}} or as a [[Southern democracy]] as a result of the longstanding preeminence of the [[Aikokutou]], which ruled the country between 1927 and 2023.  
[[File:Hōgen no ran.jpg|200px|right|thumb|A painting of the [[Siege of Gosigawara]] during the [[Toukou War]].]]
Senria surrendered in 1112, formally conceding the domains of Ongokudou and Tinhokudou- composing the entirety of Kitasuu- to the Tao dynasty. However, the Tao dynasty proved wholly unable to exert any actual control over its newfound territories in Senria; the Kitabatake openly abandoned their allegiance to Xiaodong in 1164, and the [[Toki clan]]- which had replaced the Amakusa as the daimyous of Ongokudou- swore fealty to the Senrian emperor in 1198. In spite of the comparatively quick reversion of the lost territories to Senrian hands, the war had serious effects on Senrian society and culture; the power of the samurai greatly increased, and the "last stands" at battles such as Gosigawara and Tamuramaro inspired the creation of a formalized code of honor known as {{wp|bushido|busidou}}, which emphasized the value of dying an honorable death.


The decision to cede Kitasuu to the Tao dynasty provoked a widespread loss of faith in the emperor among the daimyou. Almost immediately after the end of the Toukou War, a coalition of nobles- led by [[Satake no Nakamaro]], [[Takeda no Tadamiti]], [[Okakura no Nagaya]], and [[Mitiyasu no Ieyosi]]- declared open revolt against Emperor Bunsei, demanding the formalization of the autonomy accumulated by the daimyou and triggering what became known as the [[Bunsei War]]. Arisugawa no Masahiro joined the war in support of the emperor, but imperial forces were nevertheless significantly outnumbered. After suffering major defeats at [[Battle of Kimimasa|Kimamasa]], [[Battle of Kurahara|Kurahara]], and [[Battle of Saeki|Saeki]], Bunsei conceded defeat in 1119 and signed a document known as the [[Golden Oath (Senria)|Golden Oath]], which stripped him of much of his authority and formalized the power of the daimyou and their hereditary succession. Bunsei committed suicide the following year.
Senria's {{wp|legislature}}, the [[National Assembly (Senria)|National Assembly]], is a {{wp|Unicameralism|unicameral}} {{wp|parliament}} which consists of 545 members who are {{wp|Direct elections|directly elected}} for {{wp|Single-member district|single-member districts}} every five years. These elections use a {{wp|First-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post}} {{wp|plurality voting}} system. The day-to-day operation of the National Assembly is handled by the [[National Assembly (Senria)#Officers|Chairman of the National Assembly]], elected by the National Assembly from among its membership; the chairmanship is currently held by [[Yosiko Asahara]], who was first elected to the position in 2023. Fourteen political parties are currently represented in the National Assembly. The current {{wp|Coalition government|governing coalition}}, known as the [[Sinkyouren]], consists of four parties - the [[Democratic Party (Senria)|Democratic Party]], [[Koumeitou]], [[Green Union (Senria)|Green Union]], and [[Progressive Association (Senria)|Sinpokai]]. The second-largest coalition is the [[Kokuminsa]], which consists of the longtime-dominant party Aikokutou and two smaller parties which are commonly characterized as puppets of the Aikokutou, the [[Justice Party (Senria)|Justice Party]], and [[Reimeisa]].
[[File:MuromachiSamurai1538.jpg|175px|left|thumb|Samurai under [[Satake no Nakamaro]] on horseback during the [[Bunsei War]].]]
Aside from intermittent wars between the daimyou and the various lesser lords, Senria remained at peace until the outbreak of the [[Kouei War]] in 1339. Upon ascending to the Senrian throne in 1334, Emperor [[Kouei of Senria|Kouei]] refused to renew the Golden Oath and stated that he would refuse to recognize the autonomy of the daimyou. Tensions came to a head in 1335, when Kouei attempted to appoint [[Kozima no Tomemori]] as the successor to [[Satake no Mituharu]], lord of [[Kingokudou]]. Satake's son, [[Satake no Yosiharu]], refused to concede his father's title; Kouei responded with a declaration of war.


In spite of being opposed by eight of the ten daimyou lords- [[Arisugawa no Tokihiro]] threw his support behind the emperor, while [[Toki no Kanbei]] elected to remain neutral- Kouei managed to secure several victories, many against significantly larger forces, by using terrain and misdirection to his advantage. The largest and most shocking of these victories was at [[Battle of Kageharu|Kageharu]], where an army under Kouei successfully routed a force three times its size under Satake no Yosiharu and [[Uesugi no Gonnohyoue]]. In spite of these victories, however, the war was ultimately unwinnable for Kouei, whose enemies had more men, more equipment, more ships, more money, and more resources. Kouei was captured at [[Battle of Kawagoe|Kawagoe]] and forced to abdicate in favor of his son, [[Kannin of Senria|Ieyasu]]. Kouei's abdication in 1339 is generally considered the end of the Yowai period.
The National Assembly also selects the [[Prime Minister of Senria]], who is traditionally the leader of the largest coalition within the legislature. The premiership of Senria is unique in that the Prime Minister is both {{wp|head of government}} and {{wp|head of state}}, instead of being only the former; this differentiates Senria from most other parliamentary republics, and emerged as a result of the negotiations that surrounded the drafting of the country's constitution. They are also the country's {{wp|chief executive}} and the {{wp|commander in chief}} of the [[Senrian Republican Armed Forces]], and appoint the members of the [[Cabinet of Senria]]. After being approved by a majority vote of the National Assembly, the Prime Minister holds the position for the remainder of the National Assembly's term, unless removed from office early by resignation, death, or a {{wp|motion of no confidence}}. Senria's current prime minister is [[Akiko Hasegawa]] of the Democratic Party, who is the tenth person, second woman, and first non-Aikokutou politician to hold the office, elected to the position following the [[2023 Senrian general election]].
[[File:Taipei Taiwan Judicial-Yuan-01.jpg|250px|left|thumb|Senria's [[National Assembly Building of Senria|National Assembly Building]], located in [[Keisi]].]]
While Senria's legal system was historically heavily influenced by a mixture of {{wp|Chinese law|Shangean law}} and {{wp|Law of Japan#Historical developments|local traditions}}, the modern Senrian legal system - following the [[Keiou Restoration]] and the [[Senrian Revolution]] - is primarily based upon [[Euclea|Euclean]] {{wp|Civil law (legal system)|civil law}}. The primary body of Senrian law is known as the {{wp|Six Codes}}, consisting of the country's constitution, civil code, code of civil procedure, criminal code, code of criminal procedure, and commercial code. The Senrian judiciary has four levels of court: summary courts, district courts, high courts, and the [[Supreme Court of Senria]]. The judiciary is constitutionally established as independent from the executive and the legislature and the Supreme Court is accorded some powers of {{wp|judicial review}}. Judges, including supreme court justices, are nominated by the prime minister and confirmed by a majority vote in the national assembly, holding office until their resignation or death.


====Tigoku period====
While Senria has {{wp|universal suffrage}} for all adults over eighteen years of age, the {{wp|secret ballot}}, and certain constitutional safeguards for {{wp|civil and political rights}}, it also has a long contemporary history of authoritarian rule, and has traditionally been regarded by political scientists as an {{wp|illiberal democracy|illiberal}} or [[Southern democracy]]. Most of Senria's prime ministers before 1983 were ''de facto'' {{wp|Military dictatorship|military dictators}} who tightly controlled political life and used the Aikokutou as a means of {{wp|mass mobilization}} and to provide their rule with a veneer of legitimacy; while {{wp|civilian control of the military}} was entrenched in the 1980s and 1990s by the government of [[Kiyosi Haruna]], who also oversaw a period of political liberalization, Senria remained a {{wp|dominant-party system|dominant-party state}} in which power was concentrated in the leadership of the Aikokutou until 2023. Under Aikokutou rule, Senria had a mixed record on {{wp|freedom of speech}}, with dissidents and opposition figures sometimes facing legal or extralegal harassment, and {{wp|freedom of the press}} is ''de facto'' limited as a result of close ties between the government and much of the Senrian media. {{wp|Corruption}} is endemic within the upper levels of Senrian governance, though corrupt behavior at the lower levels is routinely punished. Aikokutou governments have largely rejected criticism that Senria is illiberal or undemocratic, arguing that Senria is "a democratic republic in line with [[Imaharism|Imaharist]] doctrine" and claiming that negative reports on human and civil rights in Senria "routinely contain serious misrepresentations and factual errors".


The Tigoku (Senrian: 띠고꾸, lit. "bloody country") period began in 1339 with the ascension of Imagawa no Ieyasu to the Senrian throne as Emperor Kannin. The period's name was given in 1665 by Senrian chronicler [[Yasumaro Amemiya]], who dubbed the era "the most sickly and blood-stained in Great Senria's history" in his history ''[[Saikin no Rekisi]]''. As with the preceding Yowai period, the Tigoku period was marked by deep internal division and both domestic and international conflict; Senria also severely stagnated technologically during this period.
The election of the opposition Sinkyouren coalition, led by the Democratic Party and Koumeitou, sparked conversations - both within Senria and abroad - about the possibility of further political reforms which might address some of the country's continuing issues with civil and political rights. However, as a result of a long history of Aikokutou {{wp|nepotism}} and {{wp|cronyism}}, as well as close ties between the Aikokutou's Senria's {{wp|Keiretsu|keiretu}} and, allegedly, certain {{wp|yakuza}} groups, some observers have argued that Senria has a nationalistic, illiberal {{wp|deep state}} which might obstruct progress on these counts.
[[File:Dongnaebusunjeoldo.jpg|175px|right|thumb|The [[Siege of Nakatu]], which ended the [[Kansei War]].]]
The [[Kansei War|first major war]] of the Tigoku period began in 1366, less than thirty years after the era's start. After the death of the Emperor Kannin, his sons [[Kansei of Senria|Imagawa no Hiroyasu]] and [[Imagawa no Mikiyasu]] both laid claim to the throne. Mikiyasu seized Heikyou and declared himself the Genkou Emperor; Hiroyasu fled to the stronghold of the Arisugawa clan, which had declared its support for his claim, and proclaimed himself the Kansei Emperor. The war was largely a stalemate, but slowly began to tip in Hiroyasu's favor as time passed. A defeat at [[Battle of Odaihara|Odaihara]] forced Mikiyasu to flee Heikyou for the Satake stronghold of Nakatu. After a six-month [[Siege of Nakatu|siege]], Hiroyasu's forces breached the castle walls and assaulted the keep; Mikiyasu committed suicide rather than face capture.


Continuing warring amongst the daimyou and other noble families, rising food prices, and anger at the privileges of the samurai triggered a massive peasant rebellion, known as the [[Kyoutoku Rebellion]]. The rebellion began in 1425 with the murder of several samurai, minor nobles, and tax collectors in [[Hurosawa]], but quickly spread across the country. Coalescing around charismatic leaders such as [[Sirou Yamada]], [[Kaneyosi Takenaka]], and [[Yukinaga Yamamoto]], and gaining the support of {{wp|Rōnin|rounin}} such as [[Hyouzaemon Nabesima]] and [[Katutosi Itakura]], the rebels were able to seize control of much of the country; peasant rebels even seized Senria's capital, by this point commonly referred to as [[Keisi]], from imperial forces. The rebel army was crushed and most of the rebellion's leaders killed by an army under [[Sasaoka no Ryuuzaburou]], a vassal of [[Takeda no Yosiaki]], at the [[Battle of Ginzankawa]] in 1431; while this is considered the formal end of the rebellion, scattered unrest persisted for several years.
===Administrative divisions===
{{Main|Prefectures of Senria|Municipalities of Senria}}
Senria is divided into sixty-four [[Prefectures of Senria|prefectures]] ({{wp|Japanese language|Senrian}}: {{lang|ko-Hang-KR|껀}}, ''ken''; {{wp|Kanji|Gyoumon}}: {{lang|ja|県}}). Each prefecture is run by a governor and a unicameral prefectural assembly, both {{wp|Direct election|directly elected}} every five years. Prefectural governments are tasked with the organization of schools and hospitals, maintaining infrastructure and managing urban planning, handling administrative affairs, and overseeing local emergency services, including the local branches of the [[Keisatutou|National Police]]. Prefectures also have a limited ability to pass local regulations and ordinances. However, as Senria is a {{wp|unitary state}}, this authority is limited; there must be a national statutory basis for local ordinances, and local ordinances are forbidden from having penalties greater than two years in prison and a fine of ¥1 million. The autonomy of prefectures is further limited by the fact that prefectures are only permitted to operate autonomously within the often-tight framework established by national law, and by the financial dependence of prefectures upon the central government.
[[File:Senria prefect tradregion iiwiki.png|350px|right|thumb|A map of Senria's [[Prefectures of Senria|prefectures]], colored according to their [[Traditional regions of Senria|traditional region]].]]
Prefectures are further subdivided into [[Municipalities of Senria|municipalities]]. Municipalities compile the ''{{wp|koseki}}'' and ''{{wp|Jūminhyō|zuuminhyou}}'' {{wp|Civil registration|civil registries}} and assist prefectures in organizing the provision of public services. Senrian law establishes three types of municipality: cities ({{lang|ko-Hang-KR|씨}}, ''si''; {{lang|ja|市}}), towns ({{lang|ko-Hang-KR|마띠}}, ''mati''; {{lang|ja|町}}), and villages ({{lang|ko-Hang-KR|무라}}, ''mura''; {{lang|ja|村}}). Cities are divided into a further set of categories based on population; larger cities are granted greater autonomy and authority, sometimes approaching the authority accorded to prefectural governments, and the ability to subdivide themselves into wards ({{lang|ko-Hang-KR|꾸}}, ''ku''; {{lang|ja|区}}). Towns and villages have little autonomy but are permitted to govern themselves by a {{wp|Popular assembly|general assembly of citizens}} as opposed to a {{wp|Mayor–council government|mayor-council system}}.


Tensions with Senria and Xiaodong, now under the [[Jiao dynasty]], flared again in the mid-1600s. The Jiao considered Kitasuu- won by the Tao dynasty 400 years earlier, during the Toukou War- to be rightfully theirs, and demanded that the local lords pay tribute to the Jiao. [[Yosiharu Minamoto]] and [[Sukeyosi Wakayama]], the daimyous of Ongokudou and Tinhokudou, refused; Wakayama, according to traditional histories, cut out the tongues and eyes of the Jiao emissaries before sending them back to Xiaodong. The [[Changzhi Emperor]], outraged, declared war in 1651, starting the [[Soukou War]].
====Traditional regions====
{{Main|Traditional regions of Senria}}
Traditionally, Senria was divided into twenty-one [[Traditional regions of Senria|regions]] ({{lang|ko-Hang-KR|띠호우}}, ''tihou''; {{lang|ja|地方}}) or circuits ({{lang|ko-Hang-KR|도우}}, ''dou''; {{lang|ja|道}}), which were further subdivided into districts ({{lang|ko-Hang-KR|군}}, ''gun''; {{lang|ja|郡}}); these regions and districts were the country's ''de jure'' administrative subdivisions throughout the classical, medieval, and early modern periods, though in practice they were often overshadowed or superseded by the private estates of ''daimyou'' ({{lang|ko-Hang-KR|한}}, ''han''; {{lang|ja|藩}}). Senrian [[Monarchy of Senria|emperors]] would regularly legitimize the authority of certain powerful ''daimyou'' by granting them symbolic dominion over the region where their domains were located.


Senrian naval forces, led by famed admirals [[Naosige Kobayakawa]] and [[Hidekane Hatisuka]], won a string of naval victories against Xiaodongese forces on several occasions, including the battles of [[Battle of Akamagaseki|Akamagaseki]], [[Battle of Isibasiyama|Isibasiyama]], and [[Battle of Minatohama|Minatohama]]. In spite of this, Jiao troops were able to establish a foothold in Senria with the [[Battle of Tousokabe]], where Senrian forces under Minamoto were defeated when [[Toki Sinzou]] defected to the Jiao. Senrian forces frequently struggled in land battles; Jiao forces were able to defeat Senrian armies at [[Battle of Tikukogawa|Tikukogawa]], [[Battle of Tatigawara|Tatigawara]], and [[Battle of Okehazama|Okehazama]].  Senrian forces under [[Harunobu Nomura]] scored Senria's first major victory on land at [[Battle of Surigawara|Surigawara]] in 1653; Senria won another naval victory at [[Battle of Onikirbe|Onikiribe]] shortly thereafter. Senrian forces continued to struggle on land, however, with Jiao forces killing daimyou [[Yositada Okakura]] and capturing Sukeyosi Wakayama at [[Battle of Hiragata|Hiragata]]. The war ended abruptly in 1655, though, when the [[Red Orchid Rebellion]] forced the Jiao dynasty to recall its troops to Xiaodong. Emperor [[Ninpei of Senria|Ninpei]] declared the war a Senrian victory shortly thereafter.
''Han'' were abolished following the [[Keiou Restoration]], and both the traditional regions and districts were formally dissolved following the [[Senrian Revolution]]; as a result, these historic divisions retain no official status or function within contemporary Senria. In practice, however, the country's traditional regions are at times used for statistical purposes by both private and public groups, and they sometimes appear in geography textbooks, maps, and weather reports. Additionally, some government offices organize their geographical subdivisions to correspond with traditional regions, and many private businesses and institutions include their "home region" within their name. They also retain a degree of cultural relevance, with certain traditional regions being associated with certain stereotypes.
[[File:Ulsan waesung attack.jpg|175px|left|thumb|The [[Battle of Sibahara]], which occurred during the [[Ninpei War]].]]
Hoping to capitalize on his success in the Soukou War, Ninpei revoked the Golden Oath in 1657. [[Nakayosi Wakayama]], [[Terumoto Arisugawa]], and [[Masanori Nomura]] all complied with the revocation, but [[Yasuharu Kumamoto]], [[Toyotomi Uesugi]], [[Yositugu Matumae]], [[Kiyomasa Hurukawa]], and [[Yosiaki Mori]] refused to accept the revocation and declared open revolt against the emperor shortly thereafter, starting the [[Ninpei War]]. Forces under Ninpei and his allies were able to score victories at [[Battle of Kanbyou|Kanbyou]], [[Battle of Momoyama|Momoyama]], and [[Battle of Okazaki|Okazaki]], but losses at [[Battle of Okudaira|Okudaira]], [[Battle of Kokubu|Kokubu]], [[Battle of Sibahara|Sibahara]], and [[Battle of Sigaraki|Sigaraki]] ultimately led to his defeat. Ninpei was forced to reinstate the Golden Oath and abdicate in favor of his brother in 1663, ending the conflict.


A brief period of peace followed the Ninpei War, but rivalries between and within Senria's most powerful daimyou houses led to an increasingly tangled web of alliances between the various domains. Tensions came to a head with the death of [[Nobuyuki Arisugawa]] in 1771; Nobuyuki's son [[Nobutaku Arisugawa|Nobutaku]] and his brother [[Nobutosi Arisugawa|Nobutosi]] both laid claim to the lordship of [[Saikaidou]]. Nobutaku obtained the backing of [[Tokimasa Mori]], [[Sigeyosi Hosokawa]], [[Taisuke Uesugi]], and [[Narasige Wakayama]]; Nobutosi obtained the backing of [[Masayosi Nomura]], [[Akiyasu Minamoto]], [[Takamasa Hurukawa]], [[Ryuunosuke Kumamoto]], and [[Yosiharu Matumae]]. The Emperor [[Taihou of Senria|Taihou]] attempted to keep the peace, but the [[Taihou War]] broke out shortly thereafter. Major battles of the Taihou War included [[Battle of Iwamura|Iwamura]], [[Battle of Kinomi|Kinomi]], [[Battle of Kyoroku|Kyoroku]], [[Battle of Nagamorihara|Nagamorihara]], and [[Battle of Uedahara|Uedahara]]. The war ended in 1777, with the installation of Nobutosi Arisugawa as the daimyou of Saikaidou.
====Urbanization====
[[File:Tokaido13 Hara.jpg|200px|right|thumb|An {{wp|Ukiyo-e|ukiyo'e}} print made by [[Kuniyosi Kanou]] in 1833, during the late Tigoku period.]]
{{Largest cities
In spite of the widespread violence and division associated with the era, Senrian culture flourished during the Tigoku era. The {{wp|Shoin-zukuri|soin-zukuri}} and {{wp|sukiya-zukuri}} architectural styles, widely associated with Senria, were developed during the period. Senrian styles of theater- including {{wp|kabuki}}, {{wp|Noh|nou}}, and {{wp|Kyōgen|kyougen}}- also flourished during the Tigoku era. Driven by prominent painters and printmakers such as [[Tensou Takauzi]], [[Harunobu Kanazawa]], [[Tarou Murata]], [[Kuniyosi Kanou]], and [[Masayosi Osanai]], the {{wp|ukiyo-e|ukiyo'e}} and {{wp|Nanga (Japanese painting)|nansuuga}} styles of painting and woodblock printing flourished; while nansuuga focused almost exclusively on natural scenes and frequently used ink wash painting to produce austere and monochromatic scenes, ukiyo'e dealt both with landscapes and with scenes of everyday life and became known for its use of vivid color. Senrian literature and poetry also flourished during this era; famous authors and poets of the era include [[Saburou Kuroda]], [[Takizi Yamagata]], [[Sigenobu Utida]], and [[Hideo Kiyoura]].
| name        = Largest cities of Senria
| class      = nav blue
| country    = Senria
| kind        = municipalities proper
| stat_ref    = Statistics Bureau of Senria, 2015 census
| list_by_pop = <!-- link to the list of cities in the given country, if possible sorted by population -->
| div_name    = Traditional region
| div_link    = <!-- the template will automatically create a link for "div_name of country" (e.g. Provinces of Chile), if this doesn't work you can use this field -->


The final monarch of the Tigoku era, Emperor [[Youzei of Senria|Youzei]], ascended to the throne in 1826. During his reign, he made efforts to begin modernizing Senria, which had fallen severely behind technologically. He ordered the purchasing of large numbers of [[Nordania|Nordanian]] and [[Conitia|Conitian]] books and treatises on science, technology, and military strategy, creating what became known as ''gaigaku'' ("foreign studies") in an attempt to reverse Senria's technological stagnation; he also began to slowly modernize the imperial army by adopting modern training regiments and technology. He also attempted to renegotiate the Golden Oath in 1844 to restore certain powers to the emperor; these negotiations ultimately fell apart three years later. Youzei died in 1869 and was succeeded by his son Kazuhito, who declared himself the [[Kazuhito of Senria|Emperor Keiou]].
| city_1      = Keisi
| div_1      = Kinkeidou
| pop_1      = 20,862,000
| img_1      = Central Osaka.jpg


===Modern era===
| city_2 = Tosei  | div_2 = Saisandou | pop_2 = 10,021,000 | img_2 = TOKYO TOWER (15818510363).jpg
| city_3 = Isikawa | div_3 = Saikokudou | pop_3 = 6,954,000 | img_3 = Fukuoka Seaside Momochi Aerial Shoot.jpg
| city_4 = Ukyou | div_4 = Tintoudou | pop_4 = 5,216,000 | img_4 = Atomic Bomb Dome and Motoyaso River, Hiroshima, Northwest view 20190417 1.jpg
| city_5 = Ubeyama | div_5 = Onkaidou | pop_5 = 5,172,000
| city_6 = Nisiyama | div_6 = Sanyoudou | pop_6 = 4,497,000
| city_7 = Kasaoka | div_7 = Kinkeidou | pop_7 = 3,280,000
| city_8 = Nobeoka | div_8 = Tinzeidou | pop_8 = 2,668,000
| city_9 = Itimura | div_9 = Kinkeidou | pop_9 = 2,518,000
| city_10 = Sakata | div_10 = Ongokudou | pop_10 = 2,086,200
| city_11 = Nakamura | div_11 = Saisandou | pop_11 = 1,897,000
| city_12 = Hukuyama | div_12 = Onkaidou | pop_12 = 1,739,000
| city_13 = Koriyama | div_13 = Toukokudou | pop_13 = 1,605,000
| city_14 = Ueda | div_14 = Toukaidou | pop_14 = 1,404,000
| city_15 = Toyotori | div_15 = Saikokudou | pop_15 = 1,391,000
| city_16 = Yosida | div_16 = Naikaidou | pop_16 = 1,308,000
| city_17 = Kitasaki | div_17 = Hokkyoudou | pop_17 = 1,227,000
| city_18 = Sekiguti | div_18 = Tintoudou | pop_18 = 1,159,000
| city_19 = Hanae | div_19 = Hokkaidou | pop_19 = 1,098,000
| city_20 = Simada | div_20 = Saisandou | pop_20 = 1,043,000
}}


====Gendai period====
Senria is an extremely {{wp|urbanization|urbanized}} country, with 92% of the country's 258 million inhabitants residing in a city as of 2015, and Senrian cities are known internationally for being both vast and dense. Keisi, Senria's capital city, is the largest city in [[Kylaris|the world]], home to more than 20.8 million people within its city limits and 60 million in its {{wp|Metropolitan area|greater metropolitan area}}; this metropolitan area includes several other cities with over a million inhabitants, including [[Kasaoka]] (3.2 million), [[Itimura]] (2.5 million), and [[Kitasaki]] (1.2 million). Senria's five largest cities - Keisi, [[Tosei]], [[Isikawa]], [[Ukyou]], and [[Ubeyama]] - all have more than 5 million inhabitants within their city limits.


The Gendai (Senrian: 건대, lit. "modern") period began in 1869 with the ascension of Kazuhito Imagawa to the Senrian throne as Emperor Keiou. Using the ''gaigaku'' programs created by his father as a foundation, Kazuhito moved to drastically expand his father's programs of military modernization, hoping to rapidly turn the [[Imperial Senrian Army]] into a comparatively modern fighting force. In July 1871, Kazuhito decided that imperial forces had been sufficiently modernized in comparison to the armies of the daimyou, and demanded that the ten main daimyou lords travel to [[Keisi]], abrogate the Golden Oath, and swear their loyalty to him. While four of the ten complied, the remaining six- [[Masasige Nomura]], [[Ienobu Uesugi]], [[Nobunaga Arisugawa]], [[Hiromasa Hurukawa]], [[Hideyori Kumamoto]], and [[Yosiyasu Matumae]]- refused. Kazuhito responded by branding the six as traitors and declaring war on them.  
Most of Senria's cities are considered to be a part of a {{wp|megalopolis}} known as the [[Kouryuukaidou]], sometimes known as the Great Senrian Belt or Great Senrian Corridor outside of the country. This megalopolis is usually held to span from western [[Yuusuu]] to eastern [[Kousuu]], encompassing the metropolitan areas of Ubeyama, [[Hukuyama]], [[Toyotori]], Isikawa, [[Utimura]], Tosei (including [[Simada]] and [[Katuyama]]), [[Yosida]], Keisi (including Kasaoka, Itimura, and Kitasaki), [[Ueda]], and [[Koriyama]]. The region encompassed by the Kouryuukaidou encompasses much of the traditional population core of Senria; other areas of population agglomeration include the areas now dominated by greater Ukyou and [[Sakata]] on [[Tousuu]], greater [[Nobeoka]] on [[Yuusuu]], and the areas around the [[Yokomatu]]-Nisiyama-[[Tukayama]] agglomeration, [[Hagiwara]], and [[Hanae]] in northern Kousuu.
[[File:Kenpohapu-chikanobu.jpg|225px|left|thumb|Emperor [[Kazuhito of Senria|Kazuhito]] overseeing the royal court in 1874.]]
[[File:Fumio Kishida delivered a general debate speech during 2022 UNGA (7).jpg|275px|left|thumb|[[Ministry of Rites (Senria)|Minister of Rites]] [[Satoru Kawasaki]] delivering a speech at the [[Community of Nations#International Assembly|CN International Assembly]] in [[Kesselbourg City|Kesselbourg]].]]
While the rebel daimyou had larger forces, they proved unable to defeat better-armed and better-trained imperial troops; by 1872, all six had surrendered. Kazuhito confiscated the domains of the rebellious daimyou and granted them to political allies and supporters. With all significant opposition effectively destroyed, Kazuhito formally abolished the Golden Oath and established Senria as a {{wp|absolute monarchy}} with the [[Keiou Constitution]], in what became known as the [[Keiou Restoration]].


Having modernized the military and re-established imperial rule, Kazuhito next moved to modernize Senria economically by improving farming techniques and building up the country's industry. Buoyed by food surpluses, Senria's population increased dramatically during this period, rising from roughly 34 million in 1870 to roughly 47 million in 1900. In 1897, however, Kazuhito died without issue, and the Senrian throne passed to his brother, [[Atuhito of Senria|Atuhito]]. Atuhito slowed many of the modernization programs his brother had begun, and Senrian progress towards industrialization slowed. Atuhito himself died in 1902, and was succeeded by his son, [[Hisahito of Senria|Hisahito]]; while Hisahito made some efforts to modernize the military, he drastically slowed industrialization campaigns and Senria once again began to stagnate technologically. In 1905, Hisahito created a body known as the [[Consultative Assembly (Senria)|Consultative Assembly]], whose membership could be elected by sufficiently wealthy male Senrians; while this body had no executive or legislative power, and could serve only as an advisory body, it was the first elected body in the country. He also formed a political party known as the [[Kenseikai|Constitutional Association]], or Kenseikai, a monarchist political party aimed at preserving the imperial order.
===Foreign relations===
{{Main|Foreign relations of Senria}}
Senria is a founding member of the [[Community of Nations]] and serves as one of the permanent members of the [[Community of Nations#Security Committee|Community of Nations Security Committee]]; the {{wp|Japanese language|Senrian language}} is one of the official languages of the CN. Senria is a prominent member of the [[Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs]], [[International Trade Organisation|International Trade Organization]], and [[Association for Economic Development and Cooperation]], and the leading power behind the [[Sangang Mutual Security Organization]], [[Bashurat Cooperation Organization]], and [[Council for Mutual Development]]. The country also has warm ties with, but is not an official member or observer of, the [[Euclean Community]] and the [[North Vehemens Organization]]. On account of its large population, economic and military power, and global cultural clout, many observers have labelled Senria as a [[Superpower (Kylaris)|potential superpower]]. The country's foreign affairs are handled by the [[Ministry of Rites (Senria)|Ministry of Rites]].


Senria's neighbor and longtime rival [[Xiaodong]]- which had engaged in its own more successful industrialization campaign under the [[Xiyong Emperor]]- once again grew belligerent towards Senria in the early 1900s. In 1909, the Xiaodongese navy began harassing Senrian civilian ships within Senrian territorial waters, taking advantage of the smaller and older Senrian navy. While the Xiaodongese navy was deep in Senrian waters near [[Keisi]], the Xiaodongese government demanded that Senria cede the port city of [[Sakata]] to Xiaodong. Senria, unable to respond, conceded the territory, provoking [[1909 Concession Riots|widespread rioting]] across Senria. In the wake of the cession, a Senrian lawyer named [[Ryuunosuke Miyamoto]] founded a political group known as the Senrian Republican Association that would stand in opposition to the Kenseikai. The Senrian Republican Association rebranded itself as the [[Republican Party (Senria)|Senrian Republican Party]] in 1914.
Senria is generally regarded as having warm relations with the leading countries of the [[Euclean Community]]. The country has longstanding diplomatic ties, dating back to the [[Senrian Revolution]] and the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], with [[Werania]] and with [[Estmere]], sometimes considered to be Senria's "traditional allies". Senro-Estmerish relations are particularly close; Senria and Estmere are sometimes regarded as having a {{wp|Special relationship|"special relationship"}} on account of their warm diplomatic relations over the past 150 years. Senria's relationship with [[Gaullica]] is not as strong, Gaullica having historically been an ally of Shangea, but the relationship between the two is typically cordial in the present day. Outside of the Euclean Community, Senria has a longstanding relationship with [[Etruria]]; this relationship is commonly regarded as having grown increasingly close since the rise of the [[Tribune Movement]] in Etruria as a result of ideological similarities between the Tribunes and [[Aikokutou]]. The country is also a part of the "Translumine Triangle", or "Three Ss", alongside [[Soravia]] and [[Satucin]]. These relationships with Euclean and Asterian nations are important for Senria not only politically, but also economically; many of these countries serve as important markets for Senrian-made goods and products. On account of the importance of exports to the Senrian economy, Senria tends to pursue {{wp|free trade}} on the global stage.
[[File:National Revolutionary Army troops.png|175px|right|thumb|Republican troops in [[Simada]] during the [[Senrian Revolution]].]]
[[File:2015 Ma–Xi Meeting 08.jpg|285px|right|thumb|Then-[[Prime Minister of Senria|prime minister]] [[Hayato Nisimura]] with [[Shangea|Shangean]] [[Premier of Shangea|premier]] [[Jiang Zhongyu]] in 2014.]]
Tensions between the republicans and the government escalated into the [[Senrian Revolution]] in April 1918. Following a series of nationwide riots, republican leaders including Miyamoto were able to establish an interim regime in the city of [[Ukyou]], forming an interim {{wp|directorial system|directorial government}} known as the [[Council of the Senrian State]]. The republicans also obtained the allegiance of a defecting imperial general, [[Souzirou Okada]].
Through [[Sangang Mutual Security Organization|SAMSO]], the [[Bashurat Cooperation Organization|BCO]], and [[Council for Mutual Development|COMDEV]], Senria has close diplomatic, economic, cultural, and military ties with many countries in [[Coius]]. [[Ansan]] is sometimes considered "Senria's closest Coian ally", the two nations having been closely aligned since Ansan's independence from Gaullica. Since the Shangean invasion of [[Kuthina]] in 2007, Senro-Kuthine ties have become increasingly close. Senria is politically and economically involved in [[Satria]], where it has attempted largely unsuccessfully to initiate negotiations between [[Arthasthan]] and [[Padaratha]] over the issue of [[Minkathala]], and has played an increasingly large role in [[Bahia]] in recent years, with Senria providing substantial {{wp|development aid}} either directly or through COMDEV and Senrian companies increasingly {{wp|offshoring|outsourcing}} manufacturing jobs to Bahia as Senria shifts more towards the {{wp|Tertiary sector of the economy|service sector}}.


Imperial forces were better-trained and better-equipped than republican forces, and won initial victories at [[First Battle of Koriyama|First Koriyama]], [[Battle of Yosigahara|Yosigahara]], [[First Battle of Kaziwara|First Kaziwara]], and [[Battle of Susaka|Susaka]]. In 1919, however, Hisahito was assassinated and succeeded by his son [[Katuhito of Senria|Katuhito]]. Katuhito proved to be an incompetent commander, and quickly squandered the Imperial Senrian Army's advantages. Republican forces- now under Miyamoto's successor, [[Isao Isiyama]]- scored victories at [[Second Battle of Koriyama|Second Koriyama]], [[Battle of Hagiwara|Hagiwara]], [[Battle of Sibakoya|Sibakoya]], [[Battle of Simada|Simada]], and [[Battle of Ueda|Ueda]]. The imperial war effort suffered a further setback with the [[1925 Great Sansuu Earthquake]], which devastated Keisi and the large imperial army stationed there.
Senria's relationship with [[Shangea]] is its most ancient, complicated, and acrimonious. Senro-Shangean relations have generally been hostile since the 1860s, and both Senria and Shangea regard the {{wp|containment}} of the other as a geopolitical priority; SAMSO, the BCO, and COMDEV are widely regarded as rivals or competitors to the Shangean-dominated [[Rongzhuo Strategic Protocol Organisation|Rongzhuo Strategic Protocol Organization]] and [[International Forum for Developing States]]. Causes for Senro-Shangean enmity include geopolitical rivalry for hegemony in southern Coius, economic competition, the unilateral abrogation of the [[Treaty of Keisi]] by Shangea, and Shangean denialism of the [[Senrian Genocide]]. The two countries are also engaged in a territorial dispute over the [[Sunahama Islands]], claimed by Shangea as the "Haishe Islands". While there have been efforts to promote bilateral negotiation between the countries, most notably the [[Nuclear Arms Limitation and Non-proliferation Talks]], these efforts have stalled in the past decade. Similarly, Senria tends to have poor relations with countries that are regarded as Shangean allies, such as the [[Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics]] and [[Ajahadya]], though these relations are not as uniformly hostile, and certain Senrian administrations have attempted to "pry away" these nations from Shangea, with little success.


In January 1926, a group of imperial generals and admirals- consisting of [[Katurou Imahara]], [[Sintarou Miyake]], [[Iturou Nakagawa]], [[Nobuyuki Youiti]], [[Isoroku Nomura]], and [[Ienobu Miyazawa]], and known retroactively as the [[Gangs of Six (Senria)|First Gang of Six]]- simultaneously moved to overthrow Katuhito and defect to the republic. Forces under Imahara captured Katuhito and forced him to abdicate, ending the Senrian Empire, the Senrian Revolution, and the Gendai period.
Relations between Senria and {{wp|Socialism|socialist}} nations (such as [[Kirenia]] and [[Dezevau]]) and organizations (such as the [[Association for International Socialism]] and [[Mutual Assistance Organisation]]) are generally tepid at best on account of economic and ideological differences. However, there are some socialist countries in Senria's diplomatic orbit, most notably Arthasthan, and Senrian governments have generally placed a greater focus upon opposing Shangea and Shangean influence than containing socialism.
[[File:Pacific Vanguard 20.jpg|265px|left|thumb|The [[Senrian Republican Navy]] is a leading {{wp|blue-water navy}}.]]


====Kyouwa period====
===Military, intelligence, and law enforcement===
{{Main|Senrian Republican Armed Forces|Law enforcement in Senria}}
Longstanding Senro-Shangean tensions have prompted to Senria to allocate substantial attention to the Senrian military, known as the [[Senrian Republican Armed Forces]] or Senkyougun, which is one of the largest and best-funded standing militaries in the [[Kylaris|world]] as a result. The Senrian Republican Armed Forces consists of three branches: the [[Senrian Republican Army]], [[Senrian Republican Navy]], and [[Senrian Republican Air Force]]; the country's navy and air force in particular are among the country's most important tools of power projection. The Senrian military engages in technology and intelligence sharing with its military allies in the [[Sangang Mutual Security Organization]], and the Senrian military operates deployments in other SAMSO member states.


After the end of the Senrian Revolution, power within Senria was divided between the Council of the Senrian State in Ukyou and the First Gang of Six in Keisi. The ''de facto'' leaders of these two groups, republican leader Isao Isiyama and general Katurou Imahara, agreed to a bilateral cessation of all hostilities; shortly thereafter, Isiyama proposed expanding the Council of Senrian State to eight members, four of whom would be from Isiyama's Republican Party and four of whom would be members of the Gang of Six. Imahara accepted, and shortly thereafter formed the [[People's Party (Senria)|People's Party]] as a more nationalist opponent to the populist Republican Party.
The [[Ministry of Defense (Senria)|Ministry of Defense]] handles the day-to-day operation of the army while the prime minister serves as the formal {{wp|commander in chief}} of the armed forces; both the minister of defense and prime minister are advised by the military's [[Senrian Republican Armed Forces#Structure|chief of staff]]. Senrian law permits the {{wp|conscription}} of all male citizens between ages 16 and 32; however, as of 2021, the Senrian military operates as a {{wp|Volunteer military|all-volunteer force}}.


This new Council was firmly divided between Isiyama's allies and Imahara's allies, and largely ineffective as a result. This paralysis, coupled with the devastation of the revolution and the Sansuu earthquake, resulted in the loss of public faith in this government. Seeking to restore public confidence, the council approved a secret plan to reclaim the city of Sakata from Xiaodongese rule. The plan was carried out in November 1926 by troops under Imahara's command; the city was lightly garrisoned and surrendered quickly. The Xiaodongese government, furious, demanded the return of the city and the effective cessation of Senrian sovereignty; the Senrian government rejected the demands.
Senria possesses {{wp|Nuclear weapon|nuclear weapons}} and is one of the world's nine [[List of countries with nuclear weapons (Kylaris)|nuclear states]], operating a full {{wp|nuclear triad}} structure. The country first successfully tested a nuclear bomb in 1964. Senria is a signatory of the [[Treaty of Shanbally]] and one of the seven nations authorized by the treaty to maintain a nuclear arsenal. The Senrian government and military insist that the country does not maintain any stockpiles of {{wp|Biological warfare|biological}} or {{wp|Chemical warfare|chemical weapons}}, in accordance with international law, though some international analysts have argued that Senria is likely maintaining such arsenals, or the ability to quickly establish them in wartime, in secret.
[[File:Human remains from the massacre of the Armenians at Erzingan.jpg|200px|left|thumb|The remains of Senrians killed by Xiaodongese troops during the [[Senrian Genocide]].]]
The [[Senrian-Xiaodongese War]] began in May 1927 with a series of Xiaodongese amphibious assaults on the island of Kitasuu. Senrian forces were unprepared for the scale of the invasion and quickly lost control of much of the island. The Xiaodongese established a {{wp|collaborationism|collaborationist}} government under Senrian [[Yosito Otuzi]] and Xiaodongese [[Qiu Hanjie]] in occupied territories shortly thereafter. The inability of the [[Senrian Republican Army]] to effectively slow the invasion caused widespread public panic; in desperation, the Council of Senrian State agreed to name Imahara the head of a "government of national preservation", giving him total executive authority for the duration of the war on the condition that he relinquish it back to the Council afterwards. As the head of this interim government, Imahara announced a three-point plan of "mass production, mass industrialization, and mass mobilization", aimed at directing all sectors of Senrian society towards the war effort.


Meanwhile, in Xiaodongese-occupied territories, military forces under Qiu Hanjie began a systematic campaign aimed at exterminating Senria's native population, now known as the [[Senrian Genocide]]. Troops under Qiu's command began the construction of {{wp|concentration camp|concentration camps}} known as "extermination zones", in which Senrian civilians and POWs were used for forced labor, subjected to rape, torture, and medical experimentation, and executed ''en masse''. Xiaodongese troops also used {{wp|death march|death marches}} to kill large numbers of Senrian civilians. Most independent scholars estimate that somewhere between 3.8 and 4.5 million Senrians died in the Senrian Genocide, though the Senrian government maintains that the number is closer to 7.5 million.
Domestic law enforcement in Senria is primarily handled by the [[National Police Agency (Senria)|National Police Agency]], or Keisatutou, and its network of prefectural police bureaus. The Keisatutou cooperates heavily with the [[Public Safety Bureau (Senria)|Public Safety Bureau]], which oversees various matters of {{wp|public safety}} such as {{wp|Emergency service|emergency services}} and {{wp|Emergency management|disaster preparedness & management}}; the [[Customs and Tariffs Bureau (Senria)|Customs and Tariffs Bureau]], the country's {{wp|border control}} agency; and the [[Senria Coast Guard]], which handles {{wp|Maritime Security Regimes|maritime security}} and {{wp|search and rescue}}.
[[File:Chiang Kai-shek in full uniform.jpeg|125px|right|thumb|[[Katurou Imahara]], Senria's first [[Prime Minister of Senria|Prime Minister]].]]
As the war continued, however, the war began to turn in Senria's favor. Imahara's "three point plan" proved highly successful, greatly increasing Senria's industrial base and the size of its military. Meanwhile, guerrilla activity by Senrian partisans within occupied territories hampered Xiaodong's ability to move supplies and troops. Late in the conflict, partisan forces led a revolt in the city of Ukyou, known as the [[Ukyou Uprising]]; while the revolt ultimately failed, Xiaodong lost large numbers of men and materiel, further damaging the Xiaodongese war effort. Shortly thereafter, the [[Battle of Hurasima Strait]] led to Senria establishing naval superiority, severing Xiaodong's supply lines once and for all. Xiaodongese forces lost ground quickly thereafter, and once again controlled only Sakata by 1932. A last-ditch attempt to slow the Senrian advance by [[Razing of Sakata|razing the city]] failed. Xiaodong- subjected to a naval blockade and near-constant aerial bombing by Senria- surrendered in 1933. In the ensuing treaty, Xiaodong agreed to pay severe reparations to Senria; however, only one reparations payment was made before the treaty was unilaterally abrogated by a new Xiaodongese regime under [[Lu Keqian]].


After the war, Imahara and Isiyama agreed to the establishment of a unitary parliamentary republic in Senria. Imahara won the country's first elections under suspicious circumstances shortly thereafter. As Prime Minister, Imahara continued industrialization and reconstruction programs with the aim of turning Senria into an industrial power; he also emphasized the growth of the [[Senrian Republican Navy]] enacted strict controls on freedom of thought and on dissent. He left office in 1948 due to failing health and was succeeded by [[Hatirou Nakayama]]; Nakayama was paranoid and unstable, and quickly began quashing down on all dissent and purging suspected personal enemies from the Senrian government. Fearing that Nakayama would severely destabilize Senria, a group known as the [[Gangs of Six (Senria)|Second Gang of Six]] overthrew Nakayama and replaced him with bureaucrat [[Tokiyasu Kitamura]].
Senria's primary {{wp|intelligence agency}} is the [[Tokkeitai|Special Police Corps]], commonly referred to as the Tokkeitai. The Tokkeitai hold purview over both domestic and foreign intelligence, and historically also functioned as the country's {{wp|secret police}}. Other Senrian intelligence agencies include the [[Gunzoutai|Military Intelligence Corps]], or Gunzoutai, which has divisions in each branch of the Senrian armed forces and handles {{wp|military intelligence|military}} and {{wp|signals intelligence}}; the [[Security Bureau (Senria)|Security Bureau]], part of the National Police Agency, specialized in {{wp|counter-intelligence}}, {{wp|counter-terrorism}}, and responding to {{wp|cybercrime}}; and the [[Cabinet Research Office (Senria)|Cabinet Research Office]], a comparatively small agency which answers directly to the prime minister.
[[File:(1966-08-11)구획정리과 야간작업.jpg|175px|left|thumb|[[Takesi Takahata]] inspecting coastal defense plans during the [[Coastal Crisis]].]]
Kitamura loosened or repealed most of Nakayama's restrictions on freedom of speech and of the press, though Senria continued to function as a {{wp|dominant-party state}} under his rule. He attempted to increase the power of Senria's civilian government in relation to the armed forces and to expand the reach of Senrian industry across [[Kylaris]]. He was assassinated by Xiaodong in 1964 and succeeded by General [[Takesi Takahata]]. Takahata was primarily concerned with opposing Xiaodong and stifling opposition, particularly communist and syndicalist opposition, domestically. He ordered the kidnapping and trial of Xiaodongese Second Minister [[Shen Jinping]] for his role in the Senrian Genocide, and brought Senria and Xiaodong to the brink of war over Xiaodong's refusal to pay reparations in the 1975 [[Coastal Crisis]].


Takahata was assassinated by a Senrian syndicalist in 1979 and succeeded by Katurou Imahara's adopted son [[Kitirou Imahara|Kitirou]]; Imahara was forced out of power in 1983, though, after an oversupply crisis collapsed the Senrian economy. He was succeeded by [[Kiyosi Haruna]], who is credited with solving the economic crisis and with effectively restoring freedom of speech, of protest, and of the press within Senria. Haruna's opponents, however, have alleged that Haruna offered bribes and favors to Senrian corporations and media sources in order to guarantee their support for the People's Party. Haruna left office in 2003 and was succeeded by the reforming [[Sigesato Izumi]], who served only one term before being succeeded by Senria's current prime minister, [[Hayato Nisimura]], in 2008.
==Economy==
[[File:Osaka Umeda Sky Building Panoramablick 05.jpg|265px|right|thumb|[[Keisi]] is Senria's foremost {{wp|financial center}}.]]
{{Main|Economy of Senria}}
With a {{wp|Gross domestic product|nominal GDP}} of $4.484 trillion and a {{wp|Purchasing power parity|GDP PPP}} of $9.747 trillion, Senria is the second largest economy in the [[Kylaris|world]] as of 2015, behind [[Shangea]] and ahead of [[Gaullica]]. The country has a {{wp|Human Development Index}} score of .863 and a {{wp|Gini coefficient}} of 42.1, reflecting a high {{wp|standard of living}} coupled with pronounced {{wp|income inequality}}. The country had an {{wp|unemployment rate}} of 5.3%, with unemployment among 15-to-24-year-olds at 11.4%, as of the fourth quarter of 2020. In 2015, 4.1% of the Senrian labor force was employed in {{wp|Primary sector of the economy|agriculture}}, 33.6% were employed in {{wp|Secondary sector of the economy|manufacturing and industry}}, and 62.3% were employed in the {{wp|Tertiary sector of the economy|service sector}}. The country, one of the world's largest {{wp|Manufacturing|manufacturing economies}} and {{wp|Consumer|consumer markets}}, is both a major {{wp|Import|importer}} and {{wp|Export|exporter}} of goods; the country usually runs a trade surplus.


==Politics==
Senria has a {{wp|market economy}}, and is variously classed as either an {{wp|Developing country|emerging}}, {{wp|Newly industrialized country|middle-income}}, or {{wp|developed country}}, depending on the exact definition and metrics used for classification. Senria's economy is marked by the dominance of a handful of major {{wp|Corporate group|corporate conglomerates}} known as {{wp|Keiretsu|keiretu}}, which have close, and often corrupt, relations with the [[Government of Senria|Senrian government]]; Senrian capitalism is also notable for its emphasis on {{wp|Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates|simultaneous recruitment of graduates}}, {{wp|Permanent employment|lifetime employment}}, {{wp|Seniority|seniority in promotions}}, and {{wp|Japanese work environment#Working conditions|extreme working hours}}. While Senria's economy is generally strong, its growth has steadily slowed since the turn of the century; some areas of the country have struggled with {{wp|deindustrialization}} as the Senrian service sector becomes increasingly important and manufacturing jobs are {{wp|Offshoring|outsourced}}, and many analysts believe the country risks falling into the {{wp|middle income trap}}. The difficulties associated with Senrian economic conditions, alongside endemic {{wp|social inequality|social}} and {{wp|economic inequality}}, have led to the emergence of the so-called "[[Give-up Generation]]" among young Senrians.
{{main|Politics of Senria}}
[[File:加美町岩座神棚田P6250514.JPG|250px|left|thumb|Terraced {{wp|Rice paddy|rice paddies}} in western [[Simomoto Prefecture]].]]
Senria's currency is the [[Senrian yen|yen]], which is among the most traded currencies in the {{wp|foreign exchange market}} and a major {{wp|reserve currency}}. Its {{wp|central bank}} is the [[Bank of Senria]], sometimes referred to as the Sengin for short.


===Governance===
===Agriculture and fishery===
[[File:Seoul-City.Hall-02.jpg|200px|right|thumb|The [[National Assembly Building (Senria)|National Assembly Building]] in Keisi.]]
{{Main|Agriculture and fishery in Senria}}
Senria's [[Constitution of Senria|Constitution]] establishes it as a {{wp|unitary republic|unitary}} {{wp|parliamentary system|parliamentary}} {{wp|republic}}. (describe prime minister, cabinet, national assembly, supreme court)
The Senrian agricultural sector employs about 4 percent of the Senrian workforce and represents roughly 1.4% of the country's gross domestic product. Senrian agriculture is limited by the country's mountainous terrain and extreme {{wp|urbanization}}, which limits the amount of land available for {{wp|Tillage|cultivation}} to only about 20% of Senria's land area; as a result, practices such as {{wp|Terrace (earthworks)|terracing}}, {{wp|Multiple cropping|multicropping}}, {{wp|intercropping}}, and {{wp|intensive farming}} are used to maximize the output of what {{wp|arable land}} Senria has. These practices mean that Senria has very high crop yields per unit area. For largely the same reasons, Senria's agricultural sector is heavily {{wp|Protectionism|protected}} and {{wp|Subsidy|subsidized}}.
[[File:Soridaijinkantei2.jpg|200px|left|thumb|The [[Kantei]], official residence of the [[Prime Minister of Senria|Prime Minister]].]]
In practice, Senria is frequently described as a {{wp|dominant-party system|dominant-party}} state. (describe workings of gov't in practice)


(stuff on corruption and repression)
Agriculture once dominated the Senrian economy; farming accounted for 80% of the country's employment in 1870, and between 45 and 50 percent of Senrian households made a living from farming in 1925. However, the economic importance of agriculture declined precipitously throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, with farming families largely turning to nonfarming activities or moving into the country's rapidly growing cities to seek higher-paying industrial jobs. This decline in {{wp|Family farm|family farming}} has seen a corresponding rise in {{wp|factory farming}} by {{wp|agribusiness|agribusinesses}}, though family farms continue to compose a majority of Senrian farms.


===Administrative divisions===
{{wp|Staple food|Staple crop}} production in Senria is dominated by {{wp|rice}}, which represents a supermajority of the country's cereal production; other important cereal crops include {{wp|Soybean|soybeans}}, {{wp|wheat}}, {{wp|barley}}, and {{wp|buckwheat}}. Senria is also a noteworthy producer of {{wp|Camellia sinensis|tea}}, {{wp|Sugar beet|sugar beets}}, {{wp|cabbage}}, {{wp|Onion|onions}}, {{wp|Pea|peas}}, {{wp|Eggplant|eggplants}}, {{wp|Adzuki bean|adzuki beans}}, {{wp|Persimmon|persimmons}}, {{wp|Tangerine|tangerines}}, {{wp|Apple|apples}}, {{wp|Cherry|cherries}}, {{wp|Plum|plums}}, {{wp|Peach|peaches}}, and {{wp|Cucumis melo|melons}}. The raising of {{wp|livestock}} is a relatively minor activity, on account both of the country's limited arable land and a traditional cultural aversion to {{wp|Animal slaughter|animal slaughtering}} as "unclean", though these norms have largely broken down in the past 150 years. {{wp|Poultry}} forms the bulk of Senria's non-fish meat production, followed by {{wp|pork}} and {{wp|beef}}.


(briefly explain how the modern prefectures descended from traditional regions)
{{wp|Fishery}} and {{wp|aquaculture}} are important to Senria both economically and culturally. Senria maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly a fifth of the global catch; {{wp|freshwater}} fishing and aquaculture represents about 30% of the country's fishing industry, with {{wp|saltwater}} fishing and aquaculture comprising the remainder. Important species of {{wp|fish}} and {{wp|shellfish}} caught or raised in Senria include {{wp|tuna}}, {{wp|salmon}}, {{wp|mackerel}}, {{wp|pollock}}, {{wp|Japanese amberjack|amberjack}}, {{wp|Sardine|sardines}}, {{wp|Clam|clams}}, {{wp|Crab|crabs}}, {{wp|shrimp}}, {{wp|squid}}, and {{wp|Octopus|octopi}}. Senria's fishing industry is internationally controversial; its scale has sparked concerns of {{wp|overfishing}}, particularly of endangered species, and the continued practice of {{wp|whaling}} has drawn the ire of environmentalist groups.


====Largest cities====
===Mining and forestry===
{{Main|Mining and forestry in Senria}}
Mining is an insignificant sector of the Senrian economy, as the Senrian archipelago has very little in the way of mineral deposits. The country has some deposits of {{wp|iron}}, {{wp|copper}}, {{wp|gold}}, and {{wp|silver}}, as well as {{wp|coal}} and {{wp|Petroleum|oil}}, but none of these are particularly significant. Senria is, however, a leading producer of {{wp|iodine}}, {{wp|bismuth}}, {{wp|sulfur}}, and {{wp|gypsum}}. Surveying efforts suggest that the country's seabed could potentially contain large deposits of {{wp|Rare-earth element|rare-earth elements}} and {{wp|methane clathrate}}, though these deposits are not easily exploitable with current technology.
[[File:Tonen Chemical Kombinat, Kawasaki.jpg|275px|right|thumb|Chemical factories near the [[Tama Canal]] in eastern [[Tosei]].]]
Senria's forestry sector is limited in size, even though much of the country is forested, on account of the country's rough terrain; forestry comprises only 0.04% of Senria's gross domestic product as of 2015. Nonetheless, Senrian {{wp|Tree farm|tree farms}} grow a variety of trees for lumber, including {{wp|Cryptomeria|cedar}}, {{wp|Chamaecyparis obtusa|cypress}}, {{wp|Picea jezoensis|spruce}}, and both {{wp|Pinus densiflora|red}} and {{wp|Pinus thunbergii|black}} pine.


(table will go here)
===Industry===
{{Main|Manufacturing in Senria}}
Industry accounts for 43.9% of Senria's gross domestic product and employs 33.6% of the Senrian workforce; the country's manufacturing output is one of the highest in the world. Senrian industry is concentrated in several locations, with the greater metropolitan areas of [[Keisi]], [[Tosei]], [[Isikawa]], [[Ubeyama]], [[Nisiyama]], and [[Ukyou]] all serving as major industrial centers and strings of smaller industrial towns existing on the routes between these major cities. While efforts at {{wp|industrialization}} began following the [[Keiou Restoration]], it was ultimately during and after the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] that the country industrialized, becoming a major industrial power during the postwar period; this industrial boom was the backbone of the [[Keizaikiseki]], the country's postwar {{wp|economic miracle}}.


===Foreign relations===
Senrian industry is largely dependent on imported {{wp|Raw material|raw materials}} and {{wp|Fuel|fuels}} on account of Senria's limited mineral resources; it is also regarded as being particularly {{wp|High tech|high-tech}}, making use of technologically advanced manufacturing techniques. In the past 20 years, an increasing number of Senrian industrial jobs - particularly low-skill jobs - have been {{wp|Offshoring|outsourced}} as the country's service sector becomes increasingly prominent. Nonetheless, Senria's manufacturing and industrial sector remains large and highly diversified; key export industries include {{wp|Automobile|automobiles}}, {{wp|Computer|computers}}, {{wp|consumer electronics}}, {{wp|Semiconductor|semiconductors}}, {{wp|machinery}}, {{wp|metallurgy}} (particularly the refining of {{wp|copper}} and the production of {{wp|steel}}), {{wp|Chemical industry|chemicals}}, {{wp|Arms industry|arms and armaments}}, {{wp|shipbuilding}}, {{wp|Aerospace manufacturer|aerospace}}, {{wp|Pharmaceutical industry|pharmaceuticals}}, {{wp|Textile industry|textiles}} and {{wp|Clothing industry|garments}}, and {{wp|food processing}}.
[[File:Osaka-Securities-Exchange-01.jpg|165px|left|thumb|The [[Keisi Stock Exchange]] in 2006.]]
===Services and commerce===
{{Main|Trade and services in Senria}}
Senria's service industries are a major contributor to the national economy, representing 54.7% of the country's gross domestic product, and are the country's fastest-growing economic sector; the service sector as a whole now employs more than sixty percent of the Senrian workforce. {{wp|Wholesaling|Wholesale}} and {{wp|retail}} trade are largely dominant in this area; however, Senria also has substantial {{wp|advertising}}, {{wp|data processing}}, {{wp|information technology}}, {{wp|real estate}}, and {{wp|Leisure industry|leisure}} industries. During the early and mid-20th centuries, these sectors - particularly retail - were largely dominated by {{wp|Small business|small businesses}}, but {{wp|globalization}}, rising land prices, and government collaboration with the {{wp|Keiretsu|keiretu}} resulted in the steady decline of these small businesses, with "waves" of consolidation occurring in the 1960s and 1980s-1990s. This tendency also intensified in the aftermath of the [[2005 Kylarite economic crisis|2005 global economic crisis]], which larger businesses weathered more successfully.


(f*ck [[Xiaodong]] now and forever; if you don't like xiaodong we like you)
The Senrian financial sector is one of the country's largest and most profitable economic sectors. [[Keisi]] is Senria's financial center and one of the leading financial centers in southern [[Coius]], rivalled only by [[Jindao]]; the [[Keisi Stock Exchange]] is among the largest {{wp|Stock exchange|stock exchanges}} in the world by {{wp|market capitalization}}, listing more than 2,300 companies, and the [[Senkei Stock Average]], or Senkei 300, is one of the most important {{wp|Stock market index|stock market indices}} globally. Other major stock exchanges in Senria include the [[Tosei Stock Exchange]], [[Isikawa Stock Exchange]], [[Ueda Stock Exchange]], and [[Ukyou Securities Exchange]].


===Military===
Senria's {{wp|financial services}} sector encompasses several major {{wp|Bank|banks}}, {{wp|Insurance|insurance}} companies, {{wp|accounting}} companies, {{wp|Investing|investment funds}}, {{wp|Broker|brokerage firms}}, {{wp|Credit bureau|credit bureaus}}, {{wp|Holding company|holding companies}}, and {{wp|Foreign exchange company|foreign exchange companies}}. Senria's government charters and operates the country's {{wp|central bank}}, the [[Bank of Senria]], and the [[Senria Post Bank]], which exist alongside several major private {{wp|Commercial bank|commercial banks}}.
{{main|Senrian Republican Armed Forces}}


[[File:DDH-183いずも型護衛艦.jpg|200px|left|thumb|The [[SRS Hiryuu]], a [[Souryuu-class helicopter carrier|Souryuu-class]]  {{wp|helicopter carrier}} in the [[Senrian Republican Navy]].]]
The Senrian banking system is typically regarded as uniquely stable on account of the close ties between the country's major corporate conglomerates, which create a "support structure" that minimizes the risk of any member of the system going under through the joint management of {{wp|liquidity}} and risk to {{wp|Asset|assets}} or {{wp|Liability|liabilities}}. However, some foreign analysts have cautioned that this risks creating a situation in which, should a severe economic crisis emerge, the entirety of the Senrian financial sector would function as a singular "{{wp|Too big to fail|too big to fail}}" entity, with potentially catastrophic consequences should it go under.
(senria dominated by navy; green water, aimed mainly at opposing xiaodong; doctrine of not letting anyone ever land on senrian soil again)


(second up is air force, for similar reasons)
===Infrastructure===


(army is the smallest and worst-funded)
====Media and telecommunications====
{{Main|Media of Senria}}
Senria has six major national daily {{wp|Newspaper|newspapers}} - the ''[[Mainiti Sinbun]]'', ''[[Tuusen Sinbun]]'', ''[[Kokki Sinbun]]'', ''[[Senkei Sinbun]]'', ''[[Kyouwa Sinbun]]'', and ''[[Senkan Sinbun]]''. The ''Mainiti Sinbun'' and ''Tuusen Sinbun'' are typically classed as conservative, the ''Kokki Sinbun'' as right-wing nationalist, the ''Senkei Sinbun'' as economically liberal, and the ''Kyouwa Sinbun'' and ''Senkan Sinbun'' as center-left to left-wing. The ''Mainiti Sinbun'' is also typically considered to be Senria's {{wp|newspaper of record}}. The country also has a variety of regional and local papers including the ''[[Keisi Sinbun]]'', ''[[Tosei Sinbun]]'', ''[[Nisisenryuu Sinbun]]'', and ''[[Tousuu Sinbun]]''. Foreign language newspapers published in Senria include the {{wp|English language|Estmerish-language}} ''[[Senria Daily Post]]'' & ''[[Senria Today]]'' and the {{wp|French language|Gaullican-language}} ''[[Courrier de Keisi]]''. {{wp|Magazine|Magazines}} in Senria are typically divided between weekly magazines, or ''suukansi'', and monthly magazines, or ''gekkansi''; many Senrian newspaper companies also publish weekly or monthly {{wp|Newsmagazine|newsmagazines}}. The most prominent foreign-language magazine published in Senria is ''[[La Senrie]]'', which is published in both Gaullican and Estmerish and features a mixture of journalism, criticism, commentary, and fiction.
[[File:国産 電子 たばこ お試し 出来ます! 2015-08 (19913069044).jpg|285px|right|thumb|A {{wp|Newsagent's shop|newsstand}} located outside [[Kasaoka]]'s [[Kasaoka Station|central train station]].]]
Senria's {{wp|Public broadcasting|public broadcaster}} is the Senrian Broadcasting Corporation, more commonly referred to as [[SHK]]. SHK was founded in 1925 and currently operates three {{wp|terrestrial television}} channels ([[SHK TV 1]], [[SHK TV 2]], and [[SHK Educational TV]]), two {{wp|AM broadcasting|AM}} radio stations ([[SHK Radio 1]] and [[SHK Radio 2]]), and one {{wp|FM broadcasting|FM}} radio station ([[SHK Radio 3]]), as well as the [[SHK World Service]] for international audiences. Major private {{wp|Radio broadcasting|radio networks}} in Senria include the [[Senria Radio Network]], [[Daisenryuu Broadcasting System]], [[Radio Senkei]], [[Senrian FM Radio System]], and [[Keisi Interwave FM]]; major commercial {{wp|Television broadcasting|television networks}} include the [[Senrian Television Broadcasting System]], [[Senzou Network System]], [[Zensenryuu TV]], and [[TV Keisi Network]]. The [[Telegraph Agency of Senria]] is the country's primary {{wp|News agency|wire service}}.


==Geography==
While the Senrian government ended the country's {{wp|Censorship#By media|press censorship}} during the premiership of [[Kiyosi Haruna]], resulting in a large increase in the number of news outlets operating in Senria, international watchdogs and non-profit organizations have alleged that Senrian {{wp|Freedom of the press|press freedom}} suffers from close ties between the national government and many major {{wp|Media conglomerate|media corporations}}; these bonds allow the government to influence the tone of the coverage provided by the corporations in question. As many important Senrian newspapers, magazines, television networks, and radio broadcasters are affiliated with each other or owned by the same {{wp|Holding company|parent companies}}, this allows the Senrian government to control how news is reported without having to implement any formal restrictions on the press. Senrian dissidents sometimes derisively refer to Senria's mass media (''masukomi'') as "mass garbage" (''masugomi'') as a result.


[[File:MtShasta aerial.JPG|215px|right|thumb|[[Mount Senzou]], the tallest mountain in Senria.]]
Use of {{wp|social media}} is also widespread in Senria. The {{wp|instant messaging}} application [[MelonTalk (software)|MelonTalk]] is widely utilized domestically; internationally, however, Senria's most successful social media services are the {{wp|microblogging}} website [[Chirper (website)|Chirper]], which operates in Senria under the name Berinetto, and the {{wp|Online video platform|video-sharing}} and {{wp|Social networking service|social networking}} application [[Pinpin]], itself derived from the video-sharing platform [[Pinpin Douga]]. In addition, some major foreign social media services have also made footholds in the Senrian market.
(volcanic archipelago; four main islands)


===Climate===
Senria possesses one of the world's most advanced {{wp|telecommunications}} networks, with advanced broadcasting, telephone, and internet infrastructure broadly available nationwide. As a result of its leading role in technological research and the manufacturing of {{wp|consumer electronics}}, services such as {{wp|mobile broadband}} were widely available in Senria earlier than most other countries. {{wp|Mobile phone|Cell phones}} are ubiquitous in Senria; 67% of the Senrian population owned a {{wp|smartphone}} as of 2017, and the Senrian [[Department of Communications (Senria)|Department of Communications]] reported in 2013 that the number of mobile phones in Senria was larger than the country's total population. Penetration of {{wp|Internet}} service in Senria was measured at 92% of households and 99% of businesses as of 2019.
{{climate chart|[[Keisi]], [[Senria]]
|21.5 | 31.4 | 13.8
|22.6 | 32.9 | 20.1
|24.9 | 34.4 | 32.8
|25.8 | 34.7 | 69.7
|26.9 | 36.1 | 191.7
|26.1 | 37.4 | 246.4
|25.6 | 38.3 | 311.7
|24.8 | 36.0 | 291.2
|23.4 | 32.5 | 327.4
|22.8 | 32.2 | 262.6
|22.2 | 31.0 | 116.1
|21.4 | 30.8 | 41.6
|float=left
|clear=both
|source=
}}
(iunno warm and stuff)
[[File:Kabira Bay Ishigaki Island41s3s4500.jpg|200px|right|thumb|A bay on Taketomi Island, in [[Nobeoka Prefecture]].]]


==Economy==
Under Senrian law, the government is required to own one-third of the shares in the [[Senrian Telegraph & Telephone Corporation]] and [[Senria Post Holdings Company]], both of which were originally {{wp|Statutory corporation|statutory companies}} turned into "private companies in public ownership" in the 1980s, in order to guarantee steady provision of their services to the general public.
{{main|Economy of Senria}}


<basic economic statistics; traditionally an industrial power, but economy has slowed recently>
====Transportation====
{{Main|Transport in Senria}}
As of 2017, Senria had approximately 1,883,250 kilometers (1,170,200 miles) of roads, composed of roughly 1,584,100 kilometers (984,300 miles) of municipal roads, 201,800 kilometers (125,400 miles) of prefectural roads, 84,850 kilometers (52,700 miles) of national {{wp|Highway|highways}}, and 12,500 kilometers (7,750 miles) of national {{wp|Toll road|toll}} {{wp|Controlled-access highway|expressways}}. Just over 90% of Senria's roadways are paved as of 2020. Much of the country's modern road network was constructed during the 1950s and 1960s, when the Senrian government adopted a series of plans aimed at expanding and paving the country's road network, or during the 1980s, when both road passenger and freight transport expanded dramatically. Municipal and prefectural roads are managed by local authorities; the country's [[National highways of Senria|highway system]] is managed by the national government, while the country's [[Expressways of Senria|expressways]] are managed by the [[Zensenryuu Expressway Corporation]], a {{wp|state-owned enterprise}} originally founded as a {{wp|Statutory corporation|public corporation}} in the 1950s before being privatized in the 1980s. The expressway networks of the islands of [[Kousuu]], [[Kisima]], [[Kanasima]], [[Tousuu]], and [[Yuusuu]] are connected by bridges; [[Gyousuu]] has a separate network, and [[Rousima]], [[Narazima]], and [[Kurosima]] have one expressway each. The Senrian government maintains a series of designated rest areas known as {{wp|Roadside station|roadside stations}} alongside highways and prefectural roads, in order to provide travelers with a place to rest and to promote local tourism.
[[File:JR Central Shinkansen N700 Series passes Tamachi, Tokyo, Japan 17 03 20 (49669009511).jpg|275px|left|thumb|A 700-series {{wp|Shinkansen|sinkansen}} train passing through Tosei.]]
Though the relative share of railways in total passenger kilometers has fallen since the 1980s, rail remains a crucial means of passenger transport in Senria, particularly for mass transit, commuting, and high-speed travel. It is not nearly as important for freight, however; in 2017, only 6.2% of Senrian freight was transported by rail. The country has 42,132 kilometers (26,179 miles) of railway as of 2021, the large majority of which is {{wp|Narrow-gauge railway|narrow gauge}}, though a noteworthy proportion - particularly in newer sections of the country's rail network - is {{wp|Standard-gauge railway|standard gauge}}. The Senrian railway network connects all four main islands of the [[Senrian archipelago]] through a series of bridges and tunnels. The country's primary rail operator is the [[Senria Railways Company]] (or SR), a state-owned company which operates almost all {{wp|Inter-city rail|intercity rail}} services, though several private rail companies also exist and compete with SR on either the local or national level. Senria was a pioneer of {{wp|high-speed rail}}, with the first of the country's famous {{wp|Shinkansen|sinkansen}} lines opening in 1964; these lines now run along roughly 3,700 kilometers (2,300 miles) of track and can run trains at up to 320 km/h (200 mph).


(mention push for white collar?)
Senria also has several {{wp|Rapid transit|subway}} networks that operate in addition to its main rail lines. The largest of these is the [[Keisi Metro]], which is among the largest systems in the world by annual ridership. Other Senrian cities with subway systems include [[Ubeyama Metro|Ubeyama]], [[Isikawa Metro|Isikawa]], [[Tosei Metro|Tosei]], [[Nisiyama Subway|Nisiyama]], [[Kasaoka City Subway|Kasaoka]], [[Ueda Subway|Ueda]], [[Koriyama City Metro|Koriyama]], [[Hisakawa Subway|Hisakawa]], [[Ukyou Municipal Subway|Ukyou]], and [[Sakata Metro|Sakata]]. Additionally, several Senrian cities operate {{wp|commuter rail}}, {{wp|automated guideway transit}}, or {{wp|Tram|tramway}} systems. Most Senrian cities operate municipal {{wp|bus}} networks as part of their {{wp|public transit}} systems; {{wp|Intercity bus service|intercity bus}} services are offered by the [[SR Bus Company]], a subsidiary of Senria Railways, and by several private operators.


===Agriculture===
Senria has long been a {{wp|Seamanship|seafaring}} country on account of its status as an island nation, and waterborne transport remains important in Senria. The country had 1,011 designated ports as of 2014; of these, twenty-four were designated as "major international ports" by the Senrian government, with another 127 designated as "important ports". The Senrian {{wp|Merchant navy|merchant marine}} has 996 ships of over 1,000 {{wp|gross tonnage}} on its register, totalling 38,361,000 tons {{wp|Deadweight tonnage|deadweight}}; however, only 18% of Senrian-owned capacity was registered in Senria as of 2008. An extensive network of {{wp|Ferry|ferries}} connect the various islands of the Senrian archipelago to each other; while the overall importance of ferry services has declined with the expansion of Senria's road and rail systems, they nonetheless remain important, particularly for transit to and from smaller islands. Additionally, the country has 1,973 kilometers (1,225 miles) of {{wp|Waterway|navigable waterways}}, though their use tends to be restricted to small craft.
<traditionally hiyokusuu and sadaisuu had best agricultural yields, but mostly in okasuu nowadays>
[[File:Kansai International Airport Aerial photograph.2007.jpg|250px|right|thumb|An aerial photograph of [[Kinkeidou International Airport]].]]
[[File:Rice Paddies In Aizu, Japan.JPG|215px|right|thumb|{{wp|Rice paddy|Rice paddies}} in rural [[Ubeyama Prefecture]].]]
There were 180 {{wp|Airport|airports}}, of which 144 had paved runways, and 16 {{wp|Heliport|heliports}} in Senria as of 2013. The country's main international gateways are the [[Kinkeidou International Airport|Kinkeidou]], [[Tosei Kaizuka International Airport|Tosei Kaizuka]], [[Isikawa Katori International Airport|Isikawa Katori]], [[Nisiyama Sannomiya International Airport|Nisiyama Sannomiya]], and [[Ukyou Kitamati International Airport|Ukyou Kitamati]] international airports; other air traffic hubs include the [[Keisi Namegawa International Airport|Keisi Namegawa]], [[New Ueda International Airport|New Ueda]], [[Sakata Kurume International Airport|Sakata Kurume]], and [[Ubeyama Kunitomi International Airport|Ubeyama Kunitomi]] airports. Senria's largest airline and {{wp|flag carrier}} is [[Pan-Senrian Airlines]], originally founded in 1926; Pan-Senrian also operates the {{wp|regional airline|commuter airline}} [[Senria Express Airlines]] and the {{wp|low-cost carrier}} [[Skyhawk Airways]]. Other Senrian passenger lines include [[Austral Air Services]], [[Startiger Airlines]], [[New Senria Airways]], and [[Air Forward]]. The country's largest {{wp|cargo airline}} is [[Daisenryuu Cargo Airlines]].


===Industry===
====Energy====
Senria is known within [[Kylaris]] as an industrial powerhouse. <more stuff on grr rarrr industry stronk>
{{Main|Energy in Senria}}
[[File:Toyota Plant Ohira Sendai.jpg|215px|left|thumb|An automobile factory in [[Aoyama]].]]
Senria's primary {{wp|electric utility}} is the [[National Electric Power Company (Senria)|National Electric Power Company]], or Kokuden, which is responsible for 93% of Senria's electricity generation either directly or through subsidiaries; consumers do have a choice of {{wp|Electricity retailing|electricity retailer}}. Senria lacks a substantial domestic supply of {{wp|Fossil fuel|fossil fuels}}, and relies heavily on imported energy resources; the nation is one of the world's largest importers of {{wp|coal}}, {{wp|Petroleum|oil}}, and {{wp|natural gas}}. This dependence on imports makes electricity comparatively expensive in Senria.
<talk about the keiretu>
 
<talk also a bit about resource extraction as a side note>
[[File:Shanghai haze in Huangpu Distract 20131206.jpg|215px|right|thumb|Industrial pollution in Senria is frequently blamed for thick smogs, such as this 2014 smog in [[Keisi]].]]
<as a result of industry senria does not have an environment>
 
===Finance and technology===
<senria's white collar sector is small but growing>
[[File:Korea exchange.JPG|175px|left|thumb|The [[Keisi Stock Exchange]] in 2012.]]


In 2019, fossil fuels supplied 86.7% of Senrian energy needs, with coal representing 24.6% of total energy consumption, oil 38.8%, and natural gas 20.7%. The contribution of coal to Senrian energy generation has steadily fallen since the mid-20th century, when it represented more than half of Senrian energy production, with oil overtaking it by 1988 and natural gas becoming steadily more prominent in the last two decades. Another 8.4% of Senrian energy consumption comes from {{wp|nuclear power}}, with the remaining 7.5% of energy consumption coming from {{wp|Renewable energy|renewable sources}}. The country's primary renewable energy source is {{wp|hydroelectricity}}, which represents just over half of the country's renewable energy production; the remainder of the country's renewable electricity generation comes in the form of {{wp|Solar power|solar}}, {{wp|Wind power|wind}}, and {{wp|geothermal power}}. While Senria's hydroelectric potential is considered to be almost fully developed, experts have estimated that Senria's wind and geothermal potential in particular are sorely underutilized and could be expanded, though there have been few major efforts in this direction. In 2014, the government of [[Hayato Nisimura]] announced plans to construct experimental {{wp|Tidal power|tidal}} and {{wp|Wave power|wave power}} facilities; the first of these test facilities, located on the island of [[Kaedezima]], began operations in February 2021.
[[File:Itsukushima Gate.jpg|285px|left|thumb|The "floating {{wp|torii}}" at [[Ounosima-zinza]] is popular with domestic and foreign tourists.]]
===Tourism===
===Tourism===
{{Main|Tourism in Senria}}
As of 2018, travel and tourist revenues comprised roughly 9.5% of Senria's gross domestic product. Senria's extensive road, rail, and air transport networks make travel within Senria cheap, quick, and efficient, and {{wp|domestic tourism}} has flourished in the country as a result; there were 687 million domestic travelers in Senria as of 2016, and travel to famous historic and scenic locations within the country has become ingrained in contemporary Senrian culture. 33.1 million foreign tourists arrived in Senria as of 2019, up from 31.4 million in 2018, and the Senrian government has set a target of attracting 45 million international tourists annually by 2025. Many foreign tourists to Senria come from other [[Coius|Coian]] countries; however, the country also receives a substantial number of tourists from countries in [[Euclea]] and the [[Asterias]].


<a fair bit, actually; lots of stuff to see and do>
Tourism for the purposes of {{wp|leisure}} or {{wp|recreation}} is common, particularly among domestic tourists, though many foreign tourists also come in order to take advantage of the opportunities for {{wp|hiking}}, {{wp|skiing}}, and {{wp|sailing}} provided by Senria's natural geography. {{wp|Cultural tourism}} is also popular, with foreign tourists coming to Senria to experience its unique culture and domestic tourists travelling to other parts of the country to experience the ''{{wp|Meibutsu|meisan}}'', or regional specialties, of those areas. International cultural tourism to Senria has been greatly strengthened by the [[Senrian Wave]] phenomenon, which has seen the global stature and popularity of [[Culture of Senria|Senrian culture]] increase since the 1980s. While [[Keisi]] is the principal {{wp|Tourist attraction#Tourist destination|tourist destination}} for international visitors, Senria offers a variety of destinations and attractions across the whole breadth of the country, and many Senrian prefectures and municipalities have begun their own campaigns to attract international tourism. Senria's systems for the preservation of [[Cultural Property (Senria)|cultural properties]] and [[National parks of Senria|national parks]] have allowed for areas of natural beauty, works of art, cultural traditions, and historic sites to be preserved while simultaneously being made open to tourism.


===Media===
===Science and technology===
<major newspapers and tv stations; note ties to keiretu>
{{Main|Science and technology in Senria}}
Modern Senria is a leader in {{wp|Scientific method|scientific research}}, particularly in the fields of {{wp|mathematics}}, {{wp|engineering}}, {{wp|electronics}}, {{wp|robotics}}, {{wp|Medical research|medicine}}, and {{wp|biotechnology}}. Senria's national {{wp|research and development}} budget is among the largest in the world, and the country has one of the highest number of researchers in science and technology per capita as of 2017. The Senrian government operates and funds a series of major scientific research centers, the most prominent of which is the country's {{wp|List of government space agencies|space agency}}, the [[Senrian Aerospace Research Agency]] (or SARA). The element {{wp|Nihonium|senrium}}, first synthesized in 2003 by researchers in [[Arakawa]], [[Nisiyama Prefecture]], is named after the country.


===Infrastructure===
Famous Senrian scientists and inventors include [[Eisen Edamura]], first to chemically synthesize {{wp|ephedrine}} and {{wp|methamphetamine}}; [[Yasunari Nisida]], first to isolate {{wp|adrenaline}}; [[Yosiya Tanayama]], first to isolate {{wp|thiamine}}; [[Kazuhiro Huruhata]], who invented the {{wp|Haber process|Huruhata process}} for {{wp|nitrogen fixation}}; [[Iemon Kameda]], inventor of {{wp|monosodium glutamate}}; [[Daisaku Uekawa]], first to describe the {{wp|Fujiwhara effect|Uekawa effect}}; [[Sakutarou Hirota]], creator of the {{wp|Fujita scale|Hirota scale}} for measuring tornado intensity; [[Iwao Ouka]], developer of {{wp|Itô calculus|Ouka calculus}}; [[Asao Hamayotu]], developer of {{wp|pulse oximetry}}; [[Munetosi Sugioka]], first to describe {{wp|dementia with Lewy bodies}}; and [[Heisuke Tigusa]], inventor of the {{wp|PIN diode}} and {{wp|laser diode}}. Other prominent or noteworthy Senrian inventions include the {{wp|camera phone}}, {{wp|canned coffee}}, {{wp|CD player|CD players}}, {{wp|Rice cooker|electric rice cookers}}, {{wp|flash memory}}, the {{wp|handheld game console}}, {{wp|Instant noodle|instant noodles}}, {{wp|Laptop|laptops}}, {{wp|LCD television|LCD televisions}}, the {{wp|microprocessor}}, {{wp|tactile paving}}, the {{wp|Videocassette recorder|VCR}}, {{wp|QR code|QR codes}}, and {{wp|Quartz clock|quartz wristwatches}}.


====Energy====
==Demographics==
<coal, coal, coal, and more coal>
[[File:14 Casament xintoista al santuari xintoista de Kanda-myojin (Tòquio), foto de grup.jpg|275px|right|thumb|A [[Senrian people|Senrian]] wedding party in a mixture of {{wp|Japanese clothing|traditional and modern garb}}.]]
[[File:ChineseCoalPower opt.jpg|200px|right|thumb|A coal-burning power plant near [[Tosei]].]]
{{Main|Demographics of Senria|Senrian people}}
(also token non-coal, but mostly coal)
Senria has a population of 258.75 million as of 2015, making it the second-largest country in both [[Coius]] and the [[Kylaris|world]] in terms of population, behind only its neighbor [[Shangea]]. Senria's {{wp|population density}} is 424.78 people per square kilometer (1,100.2/sq mi). However, in practical terms, the high concentration of the Senrian population in the limited regions (roughly 35%) of the country which is suitable for human settlement makes the country's ''de facto'' population density much higher. The country is heavily {{wp|Urbanization|urbanized}}; 92% of the Senrian population lived in urban areas as of 2015, up from 91.2% in 2010.


====Communications====
The average {{wp|life expectancy}} in Senria is 77.7 years. While a consistently {{wp|Natalism|pronatalist}} policy aimed at incentivizing births has historically bolstered the country's {{wp|Population growth|population growth rate}}, increasing participation of {{wp|women in the workforce}}, a rising average {{wp|List of countries by age at first marriage|age at first marriage}}, and the [[Give-up Generation]] phenomenon have caused Senria's population growth and {{wp|Total fertility rate|total fertility}} rates to steadily fall over the past several decades as Senria progresses along the {{wp|demographic transition}}; statistics collated by the [[Community of Nations]] in 2017 placed the country's population growth rate at 0.44%, down from 0.49% in 2012, and the country's total fertility rate fell from 3.4 in 1950 to 2.1 in 1970 to 1.4 in 2020.


(i don't know what stuff will go here, but stuff will definitely go here)
The Senrian government collects census data every ten years; censuses are conducted by the country's [[Statistics Bureau (Senria)|Statistics Bureau]], which is a part of the [[Ministry of Personnel (Senria)|Ministry of Personnel]]. Under the post-[[Keiou Restoration]] [[Empire of Senria]], the Senrian census was conducted every five years between 1870 and 1915; however, the [[Senrian Revolution]] prevented the carrying-out of the 1920 census. The early Senrian Republic attempted to maintain the five-year structure, carrying out a census in 1925, but any 1930 census was made impossible by the partial [[Reformed Government of Senria|occupation of Senria]] by [[Heavenly Shangean Empire|Shangea]] during the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]]. Following the end of the Great War, it was decided to change the interval between censuses from five years to ten beginning with the 1935 census. The country's most recent census took place in 2015.


====Transportation====
===Ethnicity===
<highways, railroads, harbors>
{{Main|Ethnic groups of Senria}}
[[File:Rush hour Tokyo.jpg|200px|left|thumb|A [[Keisi Metro]] station during rush hour.]]
Senria's Statistics Bureau does not collect information on {{wp|ethnicity}}, only on {{wp|nationality}}. This makes it difficult to obtain exact numbers on ethnicity, as it means that Senrian citizens who are not ethnically Senrian (like ethnic minorities and naturalized persons) are classified as Senrian, while ethnic Senrians with foreign citizenship are classed by their nationality. The 2015 census found that 98.1% of legal residents in Senria were [[Senrian nationality law|Senrian citizens]], with the remaining 1.9% being foreign nationals; a 2019 [[Community of Nations]] report placed these numbers at 97.8% and 2.2%, respectively. The number of foreign nationals in Senria has increased in the past half-century as a result of the country's rising affluence, which has attracted immigrants and temporary workers from other parts of [[Coius]] and from the Senrian diaspora. It is expected it will continue to grow as the country's slowing population growth rate increasingly necessitates foreign labor; in recent years the Senrian government has begun to relax the country's immigration laws, particularly those for foreign professionals and {{wp|Skilled worker|skilled workers}}.
[[File:Danses d’Okinawa (musée Guimet, Paris) (11152072573).jpg|285px|left|thumb|[[Isotaman people|Ethnic Isotamans]] performing a traditional dance.]]
Estimates of Senria's ethnic demographics show the country to be relatively ethnically homogeneous. [[Senrian people|Ethnic Senrians]] of Senrian nationality represent roughly 95.86% of the population, or 248.04 million people, as of 2019, and are easily the country's predominant ethnic group. The modern Senrian people are believed by most geneticists, archaeologists, and anthropologists to be the descendants of both the {{wp|Jōmon people|Seidou people}} and {{wp|Yayoi people|Sugawara people}} through {{wp|miscegenation}} between the groups after the latter group migrated to the [[Senrian archipelago]] in ~1,000 BCE. There is also a large [[Senrian diaspora]], composed of roughly 7.6 million individuals of Senrian origin or descent living elsewhere in [[Coius]], in [[Euclea]], or in the [[Asterias]].


==Demographics==
The [[Isotaman people]] make up approximately 1.18% of the Senrian population, or 3.05 million people, and are the country's largest ethnolinguistic minority. The Isotamans are the predominant population group in the [[Isotama Islands]] and, while they are of the same origin as ethnic Senrians, have their own {{wp|Ryukyuan people#Culture|culture}}, {{wp|Ryukyuan languages|language}}, and {{wp|Ryukyuan religion|religion}} which are distinct from their Senrian equivalents. In spite of this, the Senrian government does not officially recognize them as a {{wp|minority group}}, instead considering them to be a subgroup of the Senrian people. Isotamans have historically had to oppose efforts at assimilation and land expropriation, and reports by international human rights groups have found that Isotamans living elsewhere in Senria continue to face discrimination in many areas.
{{main|Demographics of Senria}}


===Ethnicity===
Two other noteworthy ethnolinguistic minorities in Senria are the [[Esamankur people|Esamankur]] and [[Cotratic people|Cotratic]] peoples, who are the {{wp|Indigenous peoples|indigenous populations}} of western Senria. The Esamankur people represent about 0.64% of Senria's population, or 1.65 million people, and live primarily on the islands of [[Gyousuu]], [[Kaedezima]], and the [[Hibotu Islands]]; the Cotratics represent about 0.12% of the country's population, or 310 thousand people, and live primarily on the islands of [[Kisima]] and [[Rousima]]. Both groups are believed to be descended from the Seidou people, but speak unrelated {{wp|Language isolate|language isolates}}, suggesting that the Seidou people were themselves more heterogeneous than previously thought. Senria also has a small population of ethnic Shangeans who make up the indigenous population of the [[Sunahama Islands]], having descended from Shangean settlers who arrived in the archipelago in the 17th and 18th centuries; this population has strong resentment towards the Senrian government as a result of Senria's military presence and weapons testing in the Sunahamas, and has faced discrimination and surveillance as a result of fears that they could serve as a {{wp|fifth column}} in a Senro-Shangean conflict.
{{Pie chart
[[File:Yokohama Chinatowns East Gate At Night.jpg|275px|right|thumb|The eastern gate of [[Simada]]'s Shangeatown at night.]]
| thumb = right
Most foreign nationals in Senria come from other countries in [[Coius]]. Senria has noteworthy populations of [[Ansan|Ansenes]], [[Kuthina|Kuthines]], [[Rajyaghar|Rajyanis]], [[Arthasthan|Arthanis]], and [[Duran|Duranians]] as a result of these countries' close diplomatic ties with Senria through organizations such as [[Sangang Mutual Security Organization|SAMSO]] and the [[Bashurat Cooperation Organization|BCO]]. There are also [[Shangea|Shangean]] and [[Siamat|Siamati]] communities in Senria; Senria's Shangean community consists of a mixture of {{wp|Han Chinese|ethnic Shangeans}}, ethnic Senrians of Shangean origin, and [[Chanwa|Chanwans]], while the Siamati community is dominated by ethnic Senrians of Siamati origin. Some [[Southeast Coius|southeast Coians]] and [[Bahia|Bahians]] live in Senria, though these populations are small.
| caption = <center>'''Ethnic Demographics of Senria'''</center>
| other =
| label1 =[[Senrian people|Senrian]]
| value1 =97.21
| color1 =#0064B6
| label4 =[[Duljunese people|Duljunese]]
| value4 =.56
| color4 =#cc0000
| label3 =[[Tuthinans#Hwa|Hwa]]
| value3 =.64
| color3= black
| label5 =[[Xiaodongese people|Xiaodongese]]
| value5 =.53
| color5= gold
| label2 =[[Tuthinans#Ama|Ama]]
| value2 =.85
| color2 =#800080
| label6 =Other
| value6 =.21
| color6 =gray
}}
<senrian people are a centuries-old mix of non-monic natives and monic immigrants>
[[File:Shinto married couple.jpg|150px|left|thumb|An ethnic Senrian couple wearing traditional dress at a wedding.]]
<non-ethnic senrians>


===Religion===
There are substantial communities from many [[Asterias|Asterian]] countries, particularly the countries of [[Asteria Inferior]], in Senria; these communities consist overwhelmingly of {{wp|dekasegi}}, or ethnic Senrians from the Asterias who have travelled to Senria in the hopes of finding work, taking advantage of provisions of Senrian immigration law that make it easier for ethnic Senrians living outside Senria to obtain work visas and residency permits. Tensions exist between the dekasegi community and native Senrians; native Senrians often disdain dekasegi for their inability to "act Senrian", while dekasegi often resent being made to do dangerous, difficult, or unpleasant jobs that native Senrians do not want to fill. Most non-dekasegi Asterians living in Senria are expatriate professionals and their families. Senria has no substantial [[Euclea|Euclean]] communities, though minor [[Estmere|Estmerish]], [[Werania|Weranian]], [[Gaullica|Gaullican]], [[Etruria|Etrurian]], and [[Soravia|Soravian]] communities exist, again largely composed of expatriate professionals and their relatives.
{{main|Tenkyou}}


In addition to the country's ethnic minorities, Senria also has a major social minority group, the {{wp|burakumin}}, who are believed to represent 2% to 4% of the Senrian population. The burakumin were a hereditary {{wp|Untouchability|untouchable}} group in Senria's pre-modern [[Senrian caste system|caste system]] consisting of those whose work was considered {{wp|Kegare|ritually impure}} due to its proximity to death, such as {{wp|Butcher|butchers}}, {{wp|Tanning (leather)|tanners}}, {{wp|Undertaker|undertakers}}, and {{wp|Executioner|executioners}}. As a result, burakumin were historically targeted by state-mandated ostracism and discrimination. The Senrian caste system was formally abolished with the [[Senrian Revolution]], and several efforts to integrate the burakumin into broader Senrian society were made by [[Katurou Imahara]] and, later, by [[Kiyosi Haruna]], who was himself born into a burakumin family; in spite of this, burakumin continue to face societal stigmatization, and have lower educational attainment and socioeconomic status than other ethnic Senrians.
{{bar box
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Senria
|title=Religion in Senria
Line 346: Line 389:
|caption=<small>Total adherents exceeds 100% because many Senrians<br>practice some combination of [[Tenkyou]], [[Zohism]],<br>and/or [[Badi]] simultaneously.</small>
|caption=<small>Total adherents exceeds 100% because many Senrians<br>practice some combination of [[Tenkyou]], [[Zohism]],<br>and/or [[Badi]] simultaneously.</small>
}}
}}
<talk mostly about tenkyou>
[[File:Omiwa-jinja Haiden.jpg|200px|left|thumb|A [[Tenkyou]] shrine in [[Miyosi]], [[Sibahara Prefecture]].]]
<senrian zohism and badi>


<non-tenkyou traditional faiths for ethnic minorities>
===Religion===
{{Main|Religion in Senria}}
Clear data on religious affiliation in Senria can be difficult to obtain, on account of the diffusive and highly {{wp|Religious syncretism|syncretistic}} nature of Senrian religion, the eclectic and often personalized nature of spirituality within the country, the historic lack of {{wp|Religious identity|religious affiliation}} as a concept in Senrian culture, and the tendency of some Senrians to identify as "without religion" not as a means of signifying {{wp|irreligion}} but rather "normal religiosity" as opposed to zealotry or sectarianism.


<sotirianity - catholicism, amendism, epismalism>
[[Tenkyou]], a {{wp|Polytheism|polytheistic}} and {{wp|Animism|animistic}} or {{wp|Pantheism|pantheistic}} religion focused upon righteous living and the worship of {{wp|kami}} as a means of balancing a {{wp|Vitalism|vital force}} known as {{wp|Qi|ki}}, is Senria's {{wp|indigenous religion}}. 69.4% of Senrians, or 179.57 million people, identified Tenkyou as their religion in the country's 2015 census; however, data from 2018 found that as much as 94% of the Senrian population participated in some selection of Tenkyou rituals, whether at {{wp|Kamidana|private altars}}, {{wp|Shinto shrine|public shrines}}, or {{wp|Japanese festivals|religious festivals}}. Given Tenkyou's diffusive nature, the term encompasses everything from the "official" version of the religion promulgated by leading shrines and seminaries to the {{wp|Folk religion|folk practice}} of the faith, which varies from region to region. Tenkyou shrines are overseen by the [[World Association of Tenkyou Shrines]], which manages more than 100,000 shrines in Senria.


<other minor faiths - new age cults ("sinsuukyou"), satrian religions, irfan>
Tenkyou has syncretized particularly heavily with [[Zohism]], which is the second most common faith in Senria; in 2015, 62.6% of Senrians, or 161.98 million people, identified themselves as Zohist, and survey data suggests that 55% to 60% of the Senrian population has a Zohist altar in their home. Zohism arrived in Senria in the 500s CE, and was well-established by the 600s CE, with Senrian monarchs officially taking up patronage of Zohist temples and monasteries. Most Senrian Zohists belong to the [[Theuku]] school; several subsets of the Theuku school exist in Senria, including multiple sects which emerged within Senria. Zohism has had a major influence on many areas of [[Culture of Senria|Senrian culture]], including architecture, poetry, and philosophy; this Zohist influence is sometimes itself mixed with elements of {{wp|Confucianism|Taoshi}}, which arrived in Senria alongside Zohism, particularly in areas of philosophy and law.
[[File:Seigantoji05s1920.jpg|285px|left|thumb|The use of [[Kinryuuzan-zi]] by three faiths is often used as an example of Senrian religious syncretism.]]
Syncretism also exists between Tenkyou and [[Badi]]. 28.9% of Senrians, or 74.78 million people, identified themselves as Badist; this makes Senria the country with the [[Badi by country|largest Badi population]] in the world. Badi arrived in Senria in the 1000s; it generally did not receive the same official patronage that Tenkyou and Zohism did, though it received enough to firmly establish itself within the archipelago. The preeminent [[Badi#Elemental theory|elements]] in Senrian Badi are Water and Salt, though worship of the elements of Earth, Animal life, and Plant life can also be found, particularly in rural areas. As with Zohism, Badi has played an important role in shaping Senrian art and philosophy.
 
The vast majority of Senrian practicioners of Zohism or Badi practice those religions alongside Tenkyou; many Senrians practice some combination of all three simultaneously, a hallmark of the country's tendency towards religious syncretism, and it is common in Senria to refer to the three collectively as the "{{wp|three teachings}}". The mixture of elements of religious architecture, theology, and philosophy from Tenkyou, Zohism, and Badi is relatively common. Furthermore, some religious sites are used simultaneously by two or three of these religious traditions; famously, [[Kinryuuzan-zi]] functions simultaneously as a Tenkyou shrine, Zohist monastery, and Badi temple.
 
The [[Empire of Senria|Senrian Empire]] made efforts to "{{wp|Shinbutsu bunri|separate}}" Tenkyou from Zohism and Badi, and to limit religious syncretism while favoring what has been referred to as "{{wp|State Shinto|State Tenkyou}}", following the [[Keiou Restoration]]; these efforts saw many Zohist or Badi temples which were attached to Tenkyou shrines closed or relocated, but were ineffective in preventing the public from participating in syncretistic rituals and practicing multiple faiths, and were ended with the abolition of the [[Monarchy of Senria|Senrian monarchy]] and the establishment of the Republic of Senria in 1923.
[[File:20030702 2 July 2003 Tokyo Cathedorale 1 Tange Kenzou Sekiguchi Tokyo Japan.jpg|275px|right|thumb|[[Our Lady of Mercy Cathedral, Keisi|Our Lady of Mercy Cathedral]] is the main [[Solarian Catholic Church|Catholic]] cathedral in Senria.]]
4.2% of Senria's population, or 10.87 million people, practice some form of [[Sotirianity]]. Sotirianity was first introduced to Senria in the 1500s by [[Luzela|Luzelese]] and [[Hennehouwe|Hennish]] merchants, who brought [[Solarian Catholic Church|Solarian Catholicism]] and {{wp|Protestantism|Amendism}} respectively; Sotirian efforts at proselytism were often met with hostility by locals and Senrian authorities, and missionaries and converts were targeted by periodic [[Martyrs of Senria|violence]] and bans on the religion until the 1800s, when the threat of [[Euclea|Euclean]] intervention forced the Senrian government to suppress anti-Sotirian activity, allowing for an expansion of missionary efforts. Senrian Sotirianity is roughly equally divided between Catholics and Amendists, with small [[Episemialist Church|Episemialist]], [[Brethren Church|Brethren]], {{wp|Restorationism|restorationist}}, and {{wp|Nondenominational Christianity|nondenominational}} communities representing the remainder of the country's Sotirian population. While many Senrians continue to regard Sotirianity as a foreign religion, certain customs of Sotirian origin - most notably the celebration of {{wp|Christmas|Nativity}} - have become important secular cultural traditions in Senria.
 
Senria is home to several {{wp|New religious movement|new religious movements}}, collectively referred to as {{wp|Japanese new religions|sinsuukyou}} (literally "new religions"). Collectively, the practicioners of sinsuukyou groups represent 2.1% of the Senrian population, or 5.43 million people. The first of these new religions began to appear following the Keiou Restoration, but they have particularly proliferated since the end of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]]. These religions typically draw aspects from some combination of Tenkyou, Zohism, Badi, and Sotirianity, and many are {{wp|Salvation|salvationist}} or {{wp|Messianism|messianic}} in character. Sinsuukyou movements are often regarded with suspicion by many Senrians, who perceive them as eccentric, controversial, or cultlike. Most sinsuukyou groups are found only in Senria, though some have successfully expanded to other parts of the world.
 
Several other religious traditions have minor presences in Senria, largely brought over by migrant populations. 2.3% of Senrians defined themselves as {{wp|Irreligion|irreligious}} in 2015, encompassing {{wp|Atheism|atheists}}, {{wp|Agnosticism|agnostics}}, non-practicioners, and individuals who participate in cultural religious rituals but do not consider themselves active believers. Senria's indigenous ethnic minorities have their own religious traditions - {{wp|Ryukyuan religion|Isotama Shinkō}}, {{wp|Ainu people#Religion|Esamankur religion}}, and {{wp|Nivkh people#Religion|Cotratic shamanism}}, respectively - which have syncretized to varying degrees with Tenkyou and are usually regarded as forms of Tenkyou by the Senrian government. These religions have seen a revival in recent decades as part of broader efforts by the Isotamans, Esamankur, and Cotratics to assert their cultural distinctiveness and express pride in their unique traditions in the face of government non-recognition and efforts at assimilation.
 
The [[Constitution of Senria]] guarantees full {{wp|freedom of religion}} for all persons within the country and the free operation of religious institutions. While Senria's constitution nominally establishes the country as a {{wp|secular state}} lacking a {{wp|state religion}}, post-Great War Senrian governments have sometimes been accused of showing favoritism towards Tenkyou, giving Tenkyou shrines financial and other support to a disproportionate degree. The Senrian government, in response to these accusations, has insisted its support is due to the role of Tenkyou shrines as cultural institutions, highlighted its support for non-Tenkyou religious bodies, and alleged that claims of disproportionality are based upon misleading or cherrypicked data.


===Education===
===Education===
{{Main|Education in Senria}}
The basic model of the modern Senrian education system was first implemented in 1873, following the [[Keiou Restoration]], and the underlying framework has remained broadly the same since then in spite of the country's political changes. This educational system begins with {{wp|preschool}} for children under the age of three and {{wp|kindergarten}} for children under the age of six; this {{wp|Preschool|pre-primary education}} is optional, but has steadily proliferated in Senria due to the increasing prevalence of the {{wp|nuclear family}} with both parents actively working and due to the feeling that a preschool education will give children an edge in later educational competition. Children then attend an {{wp|Primary school|elementary school}} until age 12 and a {{wp|middle school}} until age 15; these are {{wp|Compulsory education|compulsory}} for all children. {{wp|Secondary school|High school}}, which lasts until age 18, is not legally compulsory; however, the overwhelming majority of middle school students - 94% as of 2010 - do subsequently enroll in high school. Students take a {{wp|Matriculation examination|matriculation exam}}, the [[National Scholastic Ability Test]], at the end of high school; this also functions as an {{wp|Educational entrance examination|entrance exam}} for Senrian universities.
[[File:Kyoto University Clock Tower.jpg|265px|left|thumb|The [[University of Keisi]] is considered Senria's most prestigious university.]]
Most Senrian students attend {{wp|Public school|public schools}} for their primary and secondary education; however, {{wp|Private school|private schools}} also exist. Furthermore, Senria's education system places great emphasis on extracurricular academic activity; private institutions known as ''{{wp|Juku|zuku}}'', sometimes translated as "{{wp|Cram school|cram schools}}", provide tutoring in both academic & nonacademic fields and exam preparation in exchange for a set fee, and many students take {{wp|Test preparation|mock exams}}. ''Zuku'' and other forms of "{{wp|Tutoring#Tutoring as "Shadow Education"|shadow education}}" are widely used in Senria; a 2012 study found that 86% of Senrian students with college plans used at least one form of shadow education, with 60% participating in two or more.
Senrian students have several options in the area of {{wp|Tertiary education|tertiary}} and {{wp|postgraduate education}}. Many students attend one of the country's [[List of universities in Senria|820 universities]]; 146 of these universities are public institutions operated by the national or prefectural governments, with the remainder being private universities. Many leading Senrian universities - such as the [[University of Keisi]], [[Keisi Gakuin University]], [[University of Tosei]], [[Tosei Institute of Technology]], [[Yuusuu University]], [[Haneda University]], and [[Nisiyama University]] - are among the best-rated universities in Coius; the University of Keisi and University of Tosei in particular are regarded as among the best universities in the world. Students pursuing {{wp|medical education}} can either attend a university's medical school or a specialized, independent medical college. Alternatively, students can attend one of the country's {{wp|Daigakkō|national academies}}, aimed primarily at training government employees; the most famous of these is the [[Tokiyori National Military Academy]], but several other national academies offering specialized studies in a variety of fields - including engineering, nursing, meteorology, agronomy, and public administration - exist. Upon graduating from a university or national academy, students obtain a {{wp|bachelor's degree}} and can subsequently pursue a {{wp|master's degree}} or {{wp|doctorate}}. Students may also choose to attend a {{wp|community college}} or {{wp|vocational school}}, or an institution known as a {{wp|Colleges of technology in Japan|college of technology}} if they did not attend high school, in order to obtain an {{wp|associate degree}}.
The Senrian school year is divided into {{wp|Academic term|trimesters}}; roughly speaking, the first of these lasts from September to December, the second from February to May, and the third from June to August. Each trimester is separated by a period of vacation - a week of vacation between the second & third terms and the third & first terms, and roughly 40 days between the first & second terms. The curriculum for public primary and secondary schools is set by the national government; however, schools are organized and supervised at the prefectural or municipal level.


<senrian education system>
International student assessment programs coordinated by the [[Association for Economic Development and Cooperation|AEDC]] rank the knowledge and skills of Senrian students as among the best in the world; Senria is one of the top-performing AEDC members in literacy, mathematics, and science, and has one of the world's best-educated labor forces. As of 2017, 51% of Senrians between ages 25 and 64 have completed some form of tertiary education; among 25-to-34 year olds, this number climbs to 62%. Senria is also an attractive country for {{wp|international education}}; 40 to 60 international schools were operating in the country as of 2016, and the country is home to several international universities, including the [[International University of Senria]], [[Keisi University of Foreign Studies]], and [[University of the Community of Nations]].
 
While Senria's education system has been highly praised, it has also been highly criticized. Senrian students are faced with extreme pressure from parents, teachers, peers, and society to excel academically, with students regularly expected to sacrifice free time in favor of studying; this pressure has been linked to worsened mental and physical health, nervous breakdowns, {{wp|bullying}}, {{wp|school violence}}, {{wp|Academic dishonesty|cheating}}, and even {{wp|suicide}}. The nature of Senria's education system, with its emphasis on passing exams in order to obtain admission to prestigious institutions, has been linked to {{wp|Elitism|academic elitism}}. The Senrian education system has been further accused of dehumanizing students and failing to foster independent, artistic, or creative thinking. The needs of children with disabilities have also largely been ignored; serious efforts at building a {{wp|special education}} program for these students did not begin until 2006, during the premiership of [[Sigesato Izumi]]. Senrian history curricula have been accused of {{wp|Propaganda|propagandizing}} and {{wp|Whitewashing (censorship)|whitewashing}} the country's past, and minority groups such as the [[Isotaman people|Isotamans]], [[Esamankur people|Esamankur]], and [[Cotratic people|Cotratics]] have long accused the Senrian government of using the national education system to {{wp|Dialect card|suppress their languages and identities}}.
[[File:Kyushu University Hospital 20181101-2.jpg|265px|right|thumb|[[Yuusuu University Hospital]] in 2018.]]


===Healthcare===
===Healthcare===
{{Main|Health in Senria}}
Senria has a {{wp|Universal healthcare|universal healthcare system}} consisting primarily of two programs, [[National Health Insurance (Senria)|National Health Insurance]] and the [[National Healthcare Organization (Senria)|National Healthcare Organization]]. NHI is a form of {{wp|National health insurance|statutory health insurance}}, available to all Senrian citizens and permanent residents, which is administered jointly by national and local governments and helps cover the cost of medical treatment; generally speaking, NHI will cover 70% of medical costs with the patient expected to cover 30%, though a variety of factors - most notably the patient's age and family income - can change the exact percentages, or see the government cover the entire cost. Senrian citizens may also obtain insurance through their employers or through private insurers if they so choose. The NHO, meanwhile, operates a network of {{wp|Hospital|hospitals}}, {{wp|Clinic|clinics}}, and {{wp|Public health centres in Japan|public health centers}} providing a wide variety of healthcare services for low, fixed prices, with emphasis on ease of access. The NHO also manages efforts at protecting {{wp|public health}} more broadly; while pricing and certain policies are set by the national government, the actual organization, maintenance, and supervision of NHO hospitals and public health centers occurs at the prefectural and municipal levels. {{wp|Private hospital|Private hospitals}} can also be found in Senria, but are generally more expensive.


<why you no become doctor and treat own lung cancer>
{{wp|Kampo|Traditional medicine}} - including the practices of {{wp|herbalism}}, {{wp|acupuncture}}, {{wp|massage}}, and other folk remedies - has retained a presence in Senria into the modern period; however, its use has continuously declined since the 1870s and, for the vast majority of Senrians, it plays a subsidiary role to modern medicine and pharmaceuticals, if any role at all. Additionally, Senrian law requires that traditional herbalists also be licensed medical doctors and that herbal remedies be made using government-approved ratios and instructions, with the goal of "professionalizing" traditional medicine and protecting the public from {{wp|Quackery|health fraud}}.
 
As of 2020, Senria had 2.6 doctors and 11.8 nurses per 1,000 inhabitants; the country had 13.1 hospital beds per 1,000 inhabitants in 2018, the highest in the world. Senrians visit a doctor fourteen times a year, according to 2009 survey data, and the average Senrian {{wp|life expectancy}} has steadily risen throughout the past several decades. Senrian outcomes in the treatment of physical health are competitive with those of [[Euclea]] and [[Asteria Superior]]; treatment of mental health is comparatively lackluster, however, in spite of several attempts at reform. Advanced medical facilities and equipment are generally available across much of the country, with the NHI and NHO making access to treatment accessible in both urban and rural areas. However, this access is sometimes abused; a 2014 report by the [[Department of Health and Welfare (Senria)|Department of Health and Welfare]] found that some Senrians with minor illnesses or injuries went to {{wp|Emergency department|emergency departments}} instead of seeking more appropriate primary care, making it harder for hospitals to treat those who need treatment more urgently.
 
While Senrians are generally considered to be among the healthiest people in the world, the country does have several public health issues. Senria has one of the world's highest rates of {{wp|suicide}}, driven by a variety of factors; inadequate {{wp|mental health}} services, particularly for {{wp|Major depressive disorder|depressive disorders}}, are believed to be one of the leading factors in the prevalence of suicide in Senria. Widespread consumption of {{wp|tobacco}} and {{wp|Alcoholic drink|alcohol}} have also had serious consequences, in the forms of chronic {{wp|Respiratory disease|respiratory diseases}}, {{wp|cancer}}, and {{wp|alcoholism}}. While {{wp|obesity}} rates in the country have remained significantly lower than those in much of the rest of the world, they have steadily risen nonetheless, climbing from 1.6% in 2000 to 4.8% in 2016. Widespread environmental degradation and pollution since the 1970s has caused further problems with both chronic and acute illness, most infamously the [[Six Big Man-made Diseases]] in the 1950s-1970s; nowadays, though, the most prevalent example of this are the respiratory issues caused by {{wp|smog}}.


==Culture==
==Culture==
{{main|Culture of Senria}}
{{Main|Culture of Senria}}
The core of modern Senrian culture derives from the traditions that emerged from the synthesis of the {{wp|Jōmon people|Seidou}} and {{wp|Yayoi people|Sugawara}} peoples, shaped in the centuries since both by its own domestic evolution and by a variety of external influences from across the [[Kylaris|world]], creating a unique cultural identity which is simultaneously varied and coherent. These external influences include extensive influence from other [[Coius|Coian]] cultures, most notably that of [[Shangea#Culture|Shangea]], as well as more recent influences from [[Euclea]] and the [[Asterias]]. While Senria's culture has changed greatly over the centuries, especially as a result of the societal and technological changes of the modern era, the continuity at its ancient core makes it one of the oldest continuous cultures in the world.


===Architecture===
Senria has developed a strong system for the preservation and promotion of its cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible; the national list of [[Cultural Property (Senria)|cultural properties]] contains buildings, works of art, folk rituals, craft techniques, monuments, and natural landscapes, among other things, deemed worthy of or requiring protection by the government; in addition to the national list, all Senrian prefectures and many Senrian municipalities maintain their own lists of cultural properties. The country is home to several [[Community of Nations#Commissions|COMDECS]] {{wp|World Heritage Site|World Heritage Sites}}. Senrian culture is also one of the most influential cultures globally; the emergence of the [[Senrian Wave]] phenomenon in the 1980s has seen Senrian culture - particularly {{wp|Japanese popular culture|Senrian popular culture}} - become popular across much of the world, transforming Senria into a global exporter of culture. This international reach is an important facet of the country's {{wp|soft power}}, with the Senrian government actively supporting the country's {{wp|creative industries}} through {{wp|Subsidy|subsidies}} and similar measures.
[[File:Osaka Castle Nishinomaru Garden April 2005.JPG|215px|right|thumb|[[Keisi Castle]], constructed in 1583 in the {{wp|Shoin-zukuri|soin-zukuri}} style.]]
(pretty architecture; pagodas and stuff and whatnot)


===Art===
===Art===
{{multiple image|perrow = 2|total_width=325
| align = right
| image1 = Dogu Miyagi 1000 BCE 400 BCE.jpg
| image2 = Genji emaki TAKEKAWA Large.jpg
| image3 = Muchaku (detail, 2).jpg
| image4 = Sake cup by Kamada Koji with blue tenmoku glaze.jpg
| image5 = Tokaido53 Hara.jpg
| image6 = Hexagonal Jar, Imari ware, Kakiemon type, Edo period, 17th century, flowering plant and phoenix design in overglaze enamel - Tokyo National Museum - DSC05329 (retouched).jpg
| image7 = Kuroda-seiki-kohan00-6-1b.jpeg
| image8 = Hasegawa Nature.jpg
| footer = Senria's artistic tradition comprises a litany of media and artistic movements.
}}
{{Main|Senrian art|Senrian craft}}
Senrian art covers a vast range of styles and media, including {{wp|Japanese painting|painting}}, {{wp|Woodblock printing in Japan|woodblock printing}},  {{wp|Japanese calligraphy|calligraphy}}, {{wp|Japanese pottery and porcelain|pottery and porcelain}}, {{wp|Japanese lacquerware|lacquerware}}, {{wp|Japanese sculpture|sculpture}}, {{wp|Japanese craft#Textile|weaving and dyeing}}, {{wp|Washi|papermaking}}, {{wp|origami}}, methods of plant cultivation and arrangement such as {{wp|bonsai}} and {{wp|ikebana}}, and more contemporary forms such as {{wp|manga}}. Uniting these numerous forms of artistic expression are a set of {{wp|Japanese aesthetics|aesthetic ideals}} such as ''{{wp|miyabi}}'' (elegance and refinement), ''{{wp|wabi-sabi}}'' (acceptance of transience and imperfection), ''{{wp|Shibui|sibui}}'' (superficial simplicity balanced with subtle complexity), ''{{wp|Iki (aesthetics)|iki}}'' (the impression of spontaneity), and ''{{wp|Yūgen|yuugen}}'' (profound subtlety and allusion).
The earliest artefacts of the Senrian artistic tradition come from the [[Seidou period]] in the form of {{wp|Jōmon pottery|cord-marked pottery}}, often lavishly decorated, and earthenware figurines known as ''{{wp|Dogū|doguu}}''. Bronze bells known as ''{{wp|Dōtaku|doutaku}}'' are commonly considered emblematic of the subsequent [[Sugawara period]], which saw {{wp|Silk|silk making}}, {{wp|Glass production|glass making}}, and {{wp|Bronze|bronzeworking}} first appear in Senria, as well as improved methods for making {{wp|Yayoi pottery|pottery}}, {{wp|Textile|textiles}}, and {{wp|lacquerware}}. Common throughout early Senrian history, beginning in the late Seidou period and continuing until the end of the [[Sunzuu period]], are comma-shaped beads known as ''{{wp|magatama}}''; early ''magatama'' were typically made of stone in earlier periods, eventually being made almost exclusively out of {{wp|jade}}. Many surviving artifacts from the Sunzuu period were originally intended as funerary objects, interred in tumuli known as ''{{wp|Kofun|kohun}}''; objects commonly found in ''kohun'' include ''magatama'', {{wp|Haji pottery|unglazed pottery}}, bronze mirrors and weapons, and terracotta statues known as ''{{wp|haniwa}}''. Some ''kohun'' also contain painted {{wp|Mural|murals}} depicting both geometric and figurative forms.
The [[Kaihou period|Kaihou]] and [[Kingen period|Kingen]] periods, together stretching from the 6th century to the 11th century, saw a flourishing of the arts and were a seminal period for Senrian culture, with the works and techniques of the period extolled as foundational into the present day. The ''{{wp|Yamato-e|Senryuu-e}}'' style of painting, used to decorate {{wp|Fusuma|sliding doors}}, {{wp|Byōbu|folding screens}}, {{wp|Hanging scroll|hanging scrolls}}, and {{wp|Emakimono|handscrolls}}, emerged in the Kaihou period and reached its peak during the Kingen period; ''Senryuu-e'' works included depictions of landscapes, religious themes, courtly life, and historical events. Alongside the importation of {{wp|Hanzi|Shangean characters}} came Shangean calligraphy, which in turn inspired unique styles of Senrian calligraphy. Also imported from Shangea was the {{wp|sancai}} glazing technique, though most Senrian pottery of the period continued to utilize a simple green glaze. Senrian sculpture of the Kaihou period typically had delicate features, naturalistic drapery, and an air of reverie & aloofness, where those of the Kingen period typically had thick limbs, brooding expressions, and heavily-carved drapery. The ''{{wp|maki-e}}'' lacquer decoration technique also emerged in Senria during this period.
While the [[Zakkoku period|Zakkoku]] and [[Tigoku period|Tigoku periods]] are commonly regarded as a "low point" for Senrian art, they saw several important artistic developments. {{wp|Ink wash painting}} was brought to the country from [[Shangea]]. This renewed Shangean influence in turn diverged into two distinct schools of painting - the {{wp|Kanō school|Hori school}}, which emphasized bright colors and firm outlines, and the {{wp|Hasegawa school|Kanehara school}}, known for its closer adherence to the {{wp|monochrome}} tendencies of Shangean ink painting. Shangean {{wp|Jian ware}}, meanwhile, inspired the ''{{wp|tenmoku}}'' style of pottery and porcelain in Senria, and Shangean {{wp|carved lacquer}} inspired ''{{wp|Kamakura-bori|Tanigawa-bori}}'', which used different techniques (carving wood and then applying lacquer, rather than carving the lacquer itself) to achieve a similar effect. The period is most famous, however, as a renaissance for Senrian sculpture; the {{wp|Kei school}} emphasized realism and the expression of movement and emotion, and produced several masterworks of religious sculpture.


<painting and similar art; unique style developed, and in 1800s and 1900s moves to blend w/ western style>
Another flourishing of Senrian art came with the [[Suikoku period]], which lasted from the 1600s to the mid-1800s. Several schools of painting - including the {{wp|Nanpin school|Sakata}}, {{wp|Shijō school|Maezuka}}, {{wp|Nanga (Japanese painting)|Nanga}}, and {{wp|Rinpa school|Oukawara}} schools - emerged during this period, as did the ''{{wp|Edomoji|koukoku-mozi}}'' lettering styles. {{wp|Ukiyo-e}}, a genre of painting and woodblock printing known for its use of vivid color now considered emblematic of Senrian visual art, also emerged and flourished during this period. Less famous but widely circulated domestically were woodblock-printed illustrated books covering topics from travel to cooking to fiction to satire. Senrian ceramics also thrived; {{wp|Japanese export porcelain|Senrian export porcelain}}, known for its high quality and stylistic variety (ranging from {{wp|blue and white pottery}} to elaborate polychromatic {{wp|Overglaze decoration|overglazed enamelling}}), became highly desired among Euclean elites. Domestically, lacquered holding cases known as ''{{wp|Inro|inrou}}'' and ornate miniature sculptures known as ''{{wp|Netsuke|netuke}}'' became important fashion items, with a thriving industry developing around their production.
[[File:SesshuToyo.jpg|175px|left|thumb|An {{wp|ink wash painting}} of a landscape, painted by [[Tensou Takauzi]] in 1453.]]
<lacquerware and jewelry>


<calligraphy in syodongmun and goimon>
Senrian art continued to flourish throughout the [[Kaisei period]]; however, it changed substantially as a result of the country's efforts at modernization. Throughout the later half of the 19th century, Senria's government emphasized {{wp|Western art|Euclean art}}, particularly {{wp|Realism (arts)|realism}}; the ''{{wp|Yōga|hokuga}}'' (literally "Northern painting") style of painting was officially promoted, and Euclean-style sculpture was produced with Senrian alloys and lacquer techniques. At the same time, Senrian aesthetics - particularly those of the Suikoku period - played an important role in shaping contemporaneous [[Euclea|Euclean]] art, a trend known as {{wp|Japonisme|Senrisme}}. Within Senria, efforts to promote mainstream Euclean art met a mixed reception; while some artists adopted such Euclean styles unequivocally, others sought a revival of traditional styles or a synthesis of Euclean styles (particularly {{wp|romanticism}} and {{wp|Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood|pre-Raphaelism}}) with Senrian aesthetics, resulting in the ''{{wp|Nihonga|Senryuuga}}'' movement, while others adopted more transgressive {{wp|Modernism|modernist}} styles such as {{wp|impressionism}}, {{wp|post-impressionism}}, {{wp|fauvism}}, and {{wp|cubism}}. During the 1900s and 1910s, the imperial government switched from favoring ''hokuga'' to favoring ''Senryuuga''.
[[File:Korean calligraphy-Hangul-01.jpg|215px|right|thumb|A Senrian calligraphist writing in the [[Goimon]] script.]]
[[File:Horyu-ji National Treasure World heritage 国宝・世界遺産法隆寺85.JPG|255px|left|thumb|[[Sekigawa-zi|Sekigawa-zinza]] has the world's oldest extant wooden building.]]
<if i decide to do anything on senrian *shudders* manga it'd go here>
The deposition of the monarchy in the [[Senrian Revolution]] saw a wild flourishing of {{wp|modern art}} during the early years of the Senrian Republic. While [[Aikokutou]] governments have frequently favored more "traditionally Senrian" styles of art, Senria has nonetheless developed thriving scenes for modern and {{wp|contemporary art}}; the country had a prominent {{wp|Neo-Dada}} movement in the 1960s and is the birthplace of the {{wp|Postmodern art|postmodern}} {{wp|Superflat}} movement, which draws inspiration from the style used by Senrian comics and graphic novels, known as {{wp|manga}}.
 
===Architecture===
{{Main|Architecture of Senria}}
Traditional Senrian architecture is typified by the widespread use of wood, aversion to stone except in building foundations, elevation of buildings slightly off the ground, large {{wp|East Asian hip-and-gable roof|hip-and-gable roofs}} with curved {{wp|Gable|gables}} and {{wp|Eave|eaves}}, use of the {{wp|post and lintel}} system, woven flooring mats known as {{wp|tatami}}, and the use of sliding partitions such as ''{{wp|Fusuma|husuma}}'' and ''{{wp|Shoji|souzi}}''. These unique features, shaped by local materials, aesthetic principles, and concerns, coexist alongside architectural and aesthetic choices found in other south Coian countries.


===Cinema and television===
The {{wp|Pit-house|pit dwellings}} of the [[Seidou period]], raised-floor granaries and {{wp|rammed earth}} fortifications known as ''{{wp|Chashi|tasi}}'' of the [[Sugawara period]], and ''{{wp|Kofun|kohun}}'' burial mounds of the [[Sunzuu period]] serve as some of the earliest examples of Senrian architecture. {{wp|Chinese architecture|Shangean architecture}} was brought to Senria, and adapted to Senrian needs and tastes, during the [[Kaihou period|Kaihou]] and [[Kingen period|Kingen]] periods; this developed into the ''{{wp|Shinden-zukuri|sinden-zukuri}}'' style of architecture among the nobility, and diverged into several forms of Senrian religious architecture. The earliest surviving {{wp|Japanese garden|Senrian gardens}} are from this period, and mix the principles of {{wp|feng shui}} with an aesthetic emphasis on asymmetry, naturalism, and miniaturization. The typical styles used for ''{{wp|minka}}'' ({{wp|Vernacular architecture|vernacular}} houses) and ''{{wp|Kura (storehouse)|kura}}'' (traditional storehouses) also emerged at this time.


<early days of cinema; struggles during senrev, flourishes as a propaganda method in the great war but stagnates afterwards due to censorship>
During the [[Zakkoku period]], Senrian religious architecture continued to diversify and ''sinden-zukuri'' evolved into the simpler, more practical ''{{wp|buke-zukuri}}'' style. {{wp|Japanese rock garden|Rock gardens}} - where the arrangement of rocks, moss, and carefully raked sand is meant to evoke the essence of nature and aid meditation - appeared during this period, partially displacing the {{wp|Water garden|water gardens}} of the Kaihou and Kingen periods. The architectural trends of the Zakkoku period largely continued throughout the early [[Tigoku period]]; the late Tigoku period, however, saw several major developments, including the emergence of the ''{{wp|Shoin-zukuri|soin-zukuri}}'' and ''{{wp|sukiya-zukuri}}'' styles, a turn back towards greenery and water in gardens, and the emergence of the emblematic {{wp|Japanese castle|Senrian castle}} as a result of the increasing prevalence of {{wp|Arquebus|arquebuses}} - but not {{wp|Cannon|cannons}} - in Senrian warfare, which necessitated the replacement of wooden stockades with stone walls. Late Tigoku period trends, in turn, persisted throughout the [[Suikoku period]]; other important features of Suikoku-period architecture include the refinement of the ''{{wp|Machiya|matiya}}'', or townhouse, and an emphasis on {{wp|borrowed scenery}} (''sakkei'') in landscaping.


<"golden age of senrian cinema" first in the '60s due to affluence and loosening repression, then in the '80s-'90s-'00s due to affluence and haruna abolishing censorship; this is a big part of the [[Senrian Wave]]>
The push for modernization during the [[Kaisei period]] resulted in significant changes to Senrian architecture. The restored imperial government encouraged the adoption of [[Euclea|Euclean]] architectural styles and the use of building materials such as brick and stone, inviting Euclean architects and urban planners to the country. Particular favor was shown to the {{wp|Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts}} school of architecture. Some Senrian architects, meanwhile, sought to develop a style of architecture which superficially looked Euclean, but in fact relied on traditional Senrian techniques, resulting in the ''{{wp|Giyōfū architecture|gihokuhuu}}'' style. During the 1920s, Senrian architects experimented with styles such as {{wp|Rationalism (architecture)|rationalism}}, {{wp|Vienna Secession|secessionism}}, and {{wp|Bauhaus}}. Following the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], the government of [[Katurou Imahara]] developed an officially-favored style of architecture, the {{wp|Imperial Crown Style|New Senria Style}}, which combined neoclassical buildings with Senrian-style roofs. In spite of this favoritism, however, a variety of other styles have subsequently thrived in Senria, including {{wp|Art Deco}}, {{wp|Modern architecture|modernist}} forms such as the {{wp|International Style (architecture)|International Style}}, the Senrian-born {{wp|Metabolism (architecture)|metabolist}} movement, and {{wp|Postmodern architecture|postmodernism}}.


<senrian tv is famous for its soap operas and its anime, but prestige television has really taken off recently>
{{Gallery
|title=
|width=180 | height=160
|align=center
|footer=
|File:Gassho-zukuri farmhouse-01.jpg
|alt1=A group of wooden houses with steep thatched roofs.
|A group of typical ''{{wp|minka}}''-style farmhouses.
|File:Ginkakuji Kyoto03-r.jpg
|alt2=A two-story pavilion located in a lush garden.
|The main pavilion at [[Saihou-zinza]].
|File:Matsumoto Castle05s5s4592.jpg
|alt3=A tall, black-painted Asian castle surrounded by a moat.
|The keep of [[Karasugawa Castle]].
|Former Kaichi School 2009.jpg
|alt4=A building with blue walls, a tiled roof, and a short tower.
|A former schoolhouse in the ''{{wp|Giyōfū architecture|gihokuhuu}}'' style.
|File:Tokyo National Museum, Honkan 2010.jpg
|alt5=A building with neoclassical-styled walls and an East Asian gabled roof.
|Senria's [[National Museum of Fine Arts (Senria)|National Museum of Fine Arts]].
|File:Kokuritsu Yoyogi Kyōgijō 1.jpg
|alt6=An arena built in a modern style with a suspended roof design.
|[[Suminoe National Arena]], built for the [[1958 Summer Invictus Games|1958 Invictus Games]].
}}


===Cuisine===
===Cuisine===
[[File:Breakfast at Tamahan Ryokan, Kyoto.jpg|285px|right|thumb|Breakfast at a {{wp|Ryokan (inn)|ryokan}}, or traditional inn.]]
{{Main|Senrian cuisine}}
Senrian cuisine, generally speaking, is marked by a primary reliance on {{wp|Grain|grains}} and {{wp|Vegetable|vegetables}} supplemented by {{wp|Fish as food|fish}} and {{wp|poultry}}, with comparatively little use of {{wp|red meat}}, {{wp|Cooking oil|oils or fats}}, and {{wp|Dairy product|dairy}}, as well as a tendency towards {{wp|Saltiness|salty}} and {{wp|umami}} flavors, a strong emphasis upon {{wp|Seasonal food|seasonality}} of ingredients and {{wp|Japanese regional cuisine|regional specialties}}, and use of seasoning as an accent or garnish.


<noodles, rice as staple crops; poultry, pork, and game as prominent meats, fish sometimes because island but poor waters, lack of land space makes beef rare; seasonality is big>
Most traditional Senrian meals are based around the combination of {{wp|rice}}, typically {{wp|Cooked rice|steamed}} {{wp|Japanese rice|short-grain rice}}, with one or more ''{{wp|okazu}}'', or side dishes. ''Okazu'' can consist of vegetables, {{wp|seafood}}, {{wp|meat}}, or {{wp|tofu}}, prepared in any number of ways - {{wp|Simmering|simmered}}, {{wp|Steaming|steamed}}, {{wp|Grilling|grilled}}, {{wp|Frying|fried}} - or served raw. The meal might also be accompanied by {{wp|Pickling|pickled}} vegetables, or {{wp|Tsukemono|tukemono}}, and {{wp|miso soup}}. Each element of the meal is served separately on its own small plate or bowl; this tendency descends from classical Shangean dining etiquette, which regarded placing food on rice as "soiling" the rice, a perception which has mostly persisted in Senrian cuisine while vanishing near-entirely from modern {{wp|Chinese cuisine|Shangean cooking}}. Even in Senrian cuisine, however, there are exceptions to this rule in the form of popular dishes such as {{wp|Chahan (dish)|yakimesi}}, rice {{wp|Stir frying|stir-fried}} with any number of potential ingredients and seasonings; {{wp|donburi}}, rice topped with meat, fish, egg, or vegetables; and {{wp|onigiri}}, triangular rice pouches filled with savory, salty, or sour ingredients. Milled and polished {{wp|white rice}} has long been regarded as more desirable than cheaper and less-refined {{wp|brown rice}}, though the latter has grown in popularity in recent years because of its greater nutritional value.
[[File:Home made Bento.jpg|200px|left|thumb|Two bentou. Bentou are single-portion meals common in Senrian cuisine.]]
<traditional haute cuisine, you have rice or noodles with separate sides; mixing stuff is lower-class/street food-y but very popular at home and abroad>


<list several prominent dishes, desserts; also beverages- teas, sake, beer>
Alternatively, {{wp|Japanese noodles|noodles}} may be served in place of a rice-based meal. Most Senrian noodles are made from {{wp|wheat flour}}. Senria's main traditional noodles are {{wp|udon}}, thick wheat noodles, and {{wp|soba}}, thin {{wp|buckwheat}} noodles; {{wp|Sōmen|soumen}} and {{wp|ramen}}, two other types of wheat noodle often associated with Senria, emerged as a result of cultural contact with [[Ansan]] and [[Shangea]]. Noodles are typically, but not necessarily, served with broth, and udon, soba, and soumen can be served either hot or cold, depending on the season. Noodle dishes will typically also contain some combination of vegetables, meat, tofu, eggs, {{wp|Kamaboko|fish cakes}}, and herbs, and are usually served without side dishes. {{wp|Barley}} and {{wp|millet}} were historically a large part of the Senrian diet due to their role in {{wp|Peasant foods|peasant dishes}} such as {{wp|Katemeshi|katemesi}}, but are largely eschewed today for that precise reason.
 
Senrian cuisine has long been influenced by the cuisine of nearby Coian countries. {{wp|Kimchi}}, a staple of {{wp|Korean cuisine|Ansene cuisine}}, is widely popular in Senria, and the country has local variants of {{wp|Chinese cuisine|Shangean dishes}} like {{wp|mapo tofu}}, {{wp|baozi}}, and {{wp|Chili shrimp|mingxia}}; {{wp|Gyōza|gyouza}}, a form of jiaozi, are so popular in Senria they are widely thought of as Senrian in much of the world. {{wp|Japanese curry|Curry}}, similarly, was brought to Senria from [[Satria]] by trade across the [[Bay of Bashurat]]. Senria is also home to ''{{wp|Yōshoku|kitasoku}}'' (literally "Northern food"), Senrianized forms of Euclean dishes; while some ''kitasoku'' dishes date back to the 16th century, this style of cooking was largely popularized after the 1869 [[Keiou Restoration]]. Prominent ''kitasoku'' dishes include {{wp|castella|esmeira}}, a type of sponge cake; {{wp|Hayashi rice|hayasi rice}}, beef and vegetables cooked in a {{wp|Demi-glace|demi-glace sauce}} and served over rice; {{wp|korokke}}, croquettes; {{wp|Cutlet#Japanese cuisine|katuretu}}, breaded cutlets; {{wp|tempura}}, deep-fried seafood or vegetables; and {{wp|Crème caramel#Japan|purin}}, a type of crème caramel.
[[File:Home made Bento.jpg|275px|left|thumb|Single-portion meals known as {{wp|Bento|bentou}} are internationally emblematic of Senrian cuisine.]]
Senrian cuisine makes use of a wide variety of {{wp|Fruit|fruits}} and {{wp|Vegetable|vegetables}}. Vegetables commonly found in Senrian cuisine include {{wp|Napa cabbage}}, {{wp|spinach}}, {{wp|Komatsuna|komatuna}}, {{wp|mizuna}}, {{wp|Cucumber|cucumbers}}, {{wp|eggplant}}, {{wp|Kabocha|kabota}}, {{wp|Scallion|scallions}}, {{wp|Daikon|daikon radishes}}, {{wp|Edamame|soybeans}} and {{wp|Soybean sprout|soybean sprouts}}, {{wp|Adzuki bean|adzuki beans}}, and {{wp|Shishito|sisitou peppers}}. Fruits used widely in Senrian cuisine include {{wp|Mandarin orange|mandarin oranges}}, {{wp|Kumquat|kumquats}}, {{wp|Loquat|loquats}}, {{wp|yuzu}}, {{wp|Plum|plums}}, {{wp|Persimmon|persimmons}}, {{wp|Pyrus pyrifolia|Coian pears}}, and {{wp|Oriental melon|Austral melons}}. Senrian cuisine is also known for its use of mushrooms - such as the highly-prized {{wp|Shiitake|siitake}} and {{wp|Matsutake|matutake}} mushrooms - and {{wp|edible seaweed}} like {{wp|kombu}} and {{wp|nori}}. Dishes are commonly seasoned with {{wp|soy sauce}}, {{wp|miso}}, {{wp|Dashi|dasi}}, {{wp|mirin}}, or {{wp|vinegar}}; other spices and flavorings include {{wp|wasabi}}, {{wp|ginger}}, {{wp|Myoga|myouga}}, {{wp|Furikake|hurikake}}, and {{wp|Shichimi|sitimi}}. Some less traditional but widely used seasonings are {{wp|monosodium glutamate}}, {{wp|Tonkatsu sauce|tonkatu sauce}}, and {{wp|Mayonnaise#Japan|mayonnaise}}.
 
{{wp|Seafood}} is central to Senrian cuisine. {{wp|Sashimi|Sasimi}}, thinly-sliced raw fish, is an important part of the emblematically Senrian dish {{wp|Sushi|susi}}. Other Senrian seafood dishes include {{wp|tataki}}, lightly-seared tuna; {{wp|Red caviar|ikura}}, caviar made from salmon roe; {{wp|oden}}, a soup of {{wp|surimi}}, eggs, and vegetables in a light broth; {{wp|motoyaki}}, baked seafood topped with mayonnaise; and {{wp|takoyaki}}, fried dumplings made with octopus. The role of {{wp|poultry}}, {{wp|pork}}, and {{wp|beef}} in the Senrian diet was traditionally limited by a lack of arable land and a cultural aversion to the butchering of animals as ritually unclean; it has grown substantially more popular in the past 150 years, however, and dishes containing or based around meat now form an important part of the Senrian diet. Such dishes include {{wp|nabemono}}, the blanket term for a variety {{wp|hot pot}} dishes including {{wp|sukiyaki}} and {{wp|Shabu-shabu|sabu-sabu}}; {{wp|Karaage|kara'age}}, marinated deep-fried meat or fish, widely associated with bars known as {{wp|izakaya}}; and {{wp|yakitori}}, skewered and grilled chicken.
 
''{{wp|Wagashi|Senkasi}}'' is the Senrian term for the country's traditional {{wp|Confectionery|confections}}; the term ''hokugasi'' is sometimes used to refer to desserts of Euclean origin. Senrian confections and desserts include {{wp|Daifuku|daihuku}}, {{wp|Mochi|rice cakes}} filled with {{wp|Red bean paste|adzuki bean paste}}; {{wp|Kuzumochi|kuzumoti}}, cakes made out of {{wp|kudzu powder}} or fermented wheat starch; {{wp|dango}}, sweet rice flour dumplings served on a skewer; {{wp|melonpan}}, {{wp|Sweetroll|sweetrolls}} covered with a thin layer of crisp dough; {{wp|Kompeitō|konpeitou}}, brightly-colored {{wp|Sugar candy|sugar candies}}; and {{wp|Yōkan|youkan}}, small blocks made of adzuki bean paste, {{wp|agar-agar}}, and sugar.
 
{{wp|Tea}}, particularly {{wp|green tea}}, was introduced to Senria in the early 9th century and remains one of the country's most popular and widely-consumed drinks; {{wp|Japanese tea ceremony|tea ceremonies}} are an important ritual in Senrian culture. {{wp|Sencha|Senta}} is the most popular form of tea in the country; {{wp|gyokuro}} is a more exclusive sort of tea, while {{wp|Matcha|matta}} is culturally important and widely used as a flavoring for sweets. {{wp|Black tea}} is less commonly consumed; the culture around black tea in Senria is largely derived from {{wp|Tea in the United Kingdom|Estmerish tea culture}}. Several brands of {{wp|soft drink}}, both carbonated and uncarbonated, are manufactured in Senria; among the most prominent are {{wp|Calpis|Asahico}}, {{wp|Pocari Sweat|Leona Ion}}, and {{wp|Ramune|Kituris}}. The most famous {{wp|Alcoholic drink|alcoholic beverage}} of Senrian origin is {{wp|sake}}, a type of {{wp|rice wine}} with 15% to 20% {{wp|Alcohol by volume|ABV}}. Other Senrian alcoholic beverages include {{wp|Shōchū|soutuu}}, a {{wp|Liquor|distilled liquor}} made from rice, barley, sweet potatoes, buckwheat, or brown sugar; {{wp|Umeshu|umesu}}, made by steeping unripe plums in soutuu; and {{wp|awamori}}, the traditional liquor of the [[Isotama Islands]]. {{wp|Beer}}, introduced to the country by Euclean merchants, has become broadly popular in Senria; {{wp|Pale lager|pale lagers}} and {{wp|Ale|ales}} are the most widely produced and consumed beers in Senria. Also popular are {{wp|Happoshu|happousu}}, low-malt alcoholic beverages taxed at a lower rate than proper beer. While it is not widely consumed domestically outside of {{wp|highball}} cocktails, Senrian {{wp|whisky}} has been internationally recognized for its quality and flavor.
 
Senrian cuisine has been widely spread internationally by the [[Senrian diaspora]] and Senrian {{wp|soft power}}. Senrian-style dishes created outside of Senria include {{wp|Western-style sushi|several types}} of {{wp|Sushi#Makizushi|makizusi}}, {{wp|Mochi ice cream|moti ice cream}}, and the {{wp|fortune cookie}}, which is often wrongly thought to be of Shangean origin. Some of these foreign dishes have become so popular that they have in turn been brought back to, and become popular in, Senria itself.
 
{{Gallery
|title=
|width=180 | height=160
|align=center
|footer=
|File:Katsudon 02.jpg
|alt1=A bowl filled with rice topped with egg and breaded pork cutlet.
|{{wp|Katsudon|Katudon}} is a popular type of {{wp|donburi}}.
|File:Kitsune udon.JPG
|alt2=Thick pale noodles floating in broth, topped with fried tofu.
|{{wp|Udon}} noodles topped with fried {{wp|tofu}}, called ''kitune udon''.
|File:Sushi Kanagawa Japan (2013).JPG
|alt3=Several pieces of sushi on a wooden platter.
|{{wp|Sushi|Susi}} is popular both in Senria and internationally.
|Typical yakitori 001.jpg
|alt4=Several skewers of chicken and vegetables.
|{{wp|Yakitori}} prepared with scallions and soy sauce.
|File:Daifuku 1.jpg
|alt5=A plate with three ball-shaped rice cakes. One is white, two are pink; the pink ones are filled with a red paste.
|A plate with a pair of {{wp|Daifuku|daihuku}} filled with {{wp|Red bean paste|anko}}.
|File:Matcha (6328677556).jpg
|alt6=A small cup of foamy green liquid.
|A cup of freshly-prepared {{wp|Matcha|matta tea}}.
}}


===Holidays===
===Holidays===
{{Main|Public holidays in Senria|Senrian festivals}}
Senria has seventeen official [[Public holidays in Senria|public holidays]]. Of these holidays, eleven - New Year's Day, Coming of Age Day, Victory Day, National Day, Autumnal Equinox Day, Republic Day, Culture Day, Constitution Day, Memorial Day, Vernal Equinox Day, and Labor Day - were established by the [[Public Holiday Law|Public Holiday Law of 1936]]. Children's Day and Respect for the Aged Day were established in 1960, Health and Sports Day in 1966, Marine Day and Mountain Day in 1995, and Greenery Day in 2007. The Public Holiday Law states that, if a national holiday falls on a Sunday, the following Monday is given as a day off. Additionally, it establishes that a day which falls directly between two other holidays is given as a day off; this turns the period between Culture Day and Constitution Day into a weeklong vacation period known as {{wp|Golden Week (Japan)|Golden Week}}. The dates of Coming of Age Day, Ocean Day, Mountain Day, Respect for the Aged Day, and Health and Sports Day were moved to Mondays by the [[Monday Holiday Law|2013 Monday Holiday Law]], with the goal of creating three-day weekends for Senrian workers.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 10%;" |Date
! scope="col" style="width: 15%;" |Estmerish name
! scope="col" style="width: 17.5%;" |Senrian name
! scope="col" style="width: 70%;" |Notes
|-
|January 1 ||{{wp|New Year’s Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|간시뚜}} <small>({{lang|ja|元日}})</small><br>''Ganzitu'' ||Marks the first day of the {{wp|Gregorian calendar}} year.
|-
|''second Monday in January'' ||{{wp|Coming of Age Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|쎄신노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|成人の日}})</small><br>''Seizin no Hi'' ||Congratulates individuals who have reached the {{wp|Coming of age|age of maturity}} (20 years) during the preceding year.
|-
|February 12 ||[[Victory Day (Senria)|Victory Day]] ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|쏘우리끼넌노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|勝利記念の日}})</small><br>''Souri Kinen no Hi'' ||Celebrates the end of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]].
|-
|February 26 ||[[National Day (Senria)|National Day]] ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|껀꼬꾸끼넌노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|建国記念の日}})</small><br>''Kenkoku Kinen no Hi'' ||Celebrates the [[Unification of Senria|unification of Senria]] by the [[Monarchy of Senria|Emperor]] [[Kousou of Senria|Kousou]].
|-
|March 20 or 21 ||{{wp|Autumnal equinox|Autumnal Equinox Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|수우분노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|秋分の日}})</small><br>''Suubun no Hi'' ||Marks the autumnal equinox; commemorates ancestors and the dead.
|-
|April 10 ||[[Republic Day (Senria)|Republic Day]] ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|꾜우외끼넌노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|共和記念の日}})</small><br>''Kyouwa Kinen no Hi'' ||Celebrates the start of the [[Senrian Revolution]].
|-
|May 2 ||{{wp|Culture Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|분까노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|文化の日}})</small><br>''Bunka no Hi'' ||Celebrates and promotes [[Culture of Senria|Senrian culture]].
|-
|May 4 ||{{wp|Children's Day (Japan)|Children's Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|꼬도모노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|子供の日}})</small><br>''Kodomo no Hi'' ||Celebrates Senrian children and childhood.
|-
|May 6 ||[[Constitution Day (Senria)|Constitution Day]] ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|껀뽀우끼넌노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|憲法記念の日}})</small><br>''Kenpou Kinen no Hi'' ||Celebrates the ratification of the [[Constitution of Senria]].
|-
|June 16 ||[[Memorial Day (Senria)|Memorial Day]] ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|뚜이또끼넌노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|追悼記念の日}})</small><br>''Tuitou Kinen no Hi'' ||Commemorates Senria's war dead, both military and civilian, particularly those killed in the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] and [[Senrian Genocide]].
|-
|''third Monday in July'' ||{{wp|Marine Day|Ocean Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|우미노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|海の日}})</small><br>''Umi no Hi'' ||Celebrates Senria's oceans and their bounty.
|-
|''third Monday in August'' ||{{wp|Mountain Day#Mountain Day in Japan|Mountain Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|야마노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|山の日}})</small><br>''Yama no Hi'' ||Celebrates Senria's mountains and their beauty.
|-
|''third Monday in September'' ||{{wp|Respect for the Aged Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|께로우노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|敬老の日}})</small><br>''Keirou no Hi'' ||Celebrates Senrian elders and long life.
|-
|September 22 or 23 ||{{wp|Vernal equinox|Vernal Equinox Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|쑨분노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|春分の日}})</small><br>''Sunbun no Hi'' ||Marks the vernal equinox; celebrates the end of winter.
|-
|''second Monday in October'' ||{{wp|Health and Sports Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|때미꾸노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|体育の日}})</small><br>''Tai'iku no Hi'' ||Celebrates athletics and physical education.
|-
|November 3 ||{{wp|Greenery Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|미도리노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|緑の日}})</small><br>''Midori no Hi'' ||Celebrates nature and the environment.
|-
|November 23 ||{{wp|Labour Thanksgiving Day|Labor Day}} ||{{lang|ko-Hang-KR|낀로우깐싸노히}} <small>({{lang|ja|勤労感謝の日}})</small><br>''Kinrou Kansa no Hi'' ||Celebrates Senrian workers.
|-
|}
[[File:SAPPORO SNOW FESTIVAL 2011 観光大国宣言!北海道 - panoramio.jpg|265px|right|thumb|A snow sculpture at the 2011 [[Nobeoka Snow Festival]].]]
In addition to the country's official public holidays, Senria is home to several unofficial or semiofficial festivals. These include traditional celebrations that are marked nationwide, Senrian equivalents of certain [[Shangea#Holidays|traditional Shangean festivals]], secularized versions of select [[Sotirianity|Sotirian]] holidays, and a litany of local or regional festivals and commemorations ranging from religious rituals to seasonal festivals to cultural celebrations. Many of these local festivals will be backed by area businesses, organizations, and religious institutions, and feature {{wp|Parade|parades}}, food stalls, {{wp|carnival}} games, and similar activities; they may also involve athletic or cultural performances, local sightseeing, {{wp|fireworks}}, sailing, gift-giving, and the playing of games with friends and family.
Travelling to visit relatives on holidays and festival days, or to see in festivals from different areas of the country, are important drivers of Senrian domestic tourism; they have also gained popularity with international tourists in recent years. The events of well-known festivals are sometimes broadcast on television. Certain major festivals have been brought to other parts of the world by the [[Senrian diaspora]]; furthermore, many diaspora communities have developed their own unique festivals as a means of celebrating their heritage.
===Language===
The {{wp|Japanese language|Senrian language}} is both the sole {{wp|National language|official language}} of and the most widely spoken language in Senria; it is overwhelmingly the dominant language for governance, business, education, and media within the country. Senrian is a member of the {{wp|Japonic languages|Senric}} language family, which has an {{wp|Classification of the Japonic languages|unclear connection}} to the languages of continental [[Coius]]; attempts have been made to demonstrate a genealogical linguistic relation between Senrian and languages or language families including {{wp|Korean language|Ansene}}, {{wp|Chinese language|Shangean}}, {{wp|Tibeto-Burman languages|Namkho-Chanwan}}, {{wp|Altaic languages|Shahleghaic}}, and {{wp|Austroasiatic languages|Austrocoianic}}, and even {{wp|Finno-Ugric languages|Kireno-Kantemoshan}} and {{wp|Indo-European languages|Satro-Euclean}}; none of these proposals have garnered substantial support among linguists, however.
[[File:Korean calligraphy-Hangul-01.jpg|250px|left|thumb|A Senrian calligrapher writing in the {{wp|Hangul|Kokumon script}}.]]
The vast majority of Senrian speakers reside within Senria itself. However, Senrian-speaking communities exist across much of Coius as a result of the establishment of ''{{wp|Nihonmachi|senryuumati}}'' by Senrian merchants, settlers, [[Tankenhei|adventurers]], and {{wp|Wokou|raiders}}, and across [[Euclea]] and the [[Asterias]] as a result of [[Senrian diaspora|emigration from Senria]] during the 19th and early 20th centuries. There are more than a dozen major dialects of Senrian within the country; these dialects vary primarily in terms of {{wp|Morphology (linguistics)#Inflection vs. word formation|inflectional morphology}}, {{wp|vocabulary}}, use of {{wp|Grammatical particle|particles}}, and {{wp|Japanese pitch accent|pitch accent}}. Most Senrian dialects spoken within the [[Senrian archipelago|archipelago]] can be placed into three groups: {{wp|Eastern Japanese|Western}}, {{wp|Western Japanese|Eastern}}, and {{wp|Japanese dialects#Kyushu Japanese|Tousuu}}. The traditional {{wp|Prestige (sociolinguistics)|prestige dialect}}, the {{wp|Kansai dialect|Kinkeidou dialect}}, forms the basis of modern Senrian; however, modern Senrian also incorporates elements of the {{wp|Kantō dialect|Saisandou dialect}}.
Senrian is written in the {{wp|Hangul|Kokumon script}}, a {{wp|Featural writing system|featural}} {{wp|alphabet}} derived from an earlier [[Ansan Empire|Ansan]] script in the 1890s by [[Yasunari Sekido]] and [[Senrian script reform|implemented]] by the government of [[Katurou Imahara]] beginning in 1939. Prior to this the language used a mixture of adopted {{wp|Chinese characters|Shangean characters}}, known as {{wp|Kanji|Gyoumon}}, and the {{wp|hiragana}} {{wp|syllabary}}. Gyoumon and hiragana have been near-wholly replaced by Kokumon; they are nowadays only used for {{wp|Signature|signatures}} or stylistic effect. Several systems exist for the {{wp|Romanization of Japanese|solarianization of Senrian}}, known collectively as ''sorazi''; modern Senrian also regularly uses {{wp|Arabic numerals|Rahelian numerals}}.
Languages other than Senrian are primarily spoken by members of their ethnic communities. The {{wp|Ryukyuan languages|Isotaman language}}, spoken on the [[Isotama Islands]], is technically a collection of Senric languages that are mutually unintelligible with each other and with standard Senrian, with the {{wp|Okinawan language|Naraziman language}} functioning in practice as "standard Isotaman"; the Senrian government legally regards Isotaman as a dialect of Senrian, however. The {{wp|Ainu language|Esamankur}} and {{wp|Nivkh language|Cotratic}} languages, meanwhile, are {{wp|Language isolate|language isolates}} with no known relation to eachother or to any other extant languages. While these languages have been accorded limited recognition by some local governments, they have historically faced {{wp|Dialect card|organized suppression}}, and still have no national recognition or protection; as a result, their usage has continuously declined and they are increasingly regarded as endangered.
[[File:Isonokami no Maro.jpg|225px|right|thumb|[[Osakabe no Are]] compiled the ''[[Kyuurekiso]]'', Senria's oldest extant literary work.]]
===Literature===
{{Main|Senrian literature|Senrian poetry|Senrian philosophy}}
While fragmentary inscriptions and artifacts from Senria containing {{wp|Classical Chinese|Classical Shangean}} writing have been found as far back as the 200s CE, the earliest Senrian literary works were created in the early 700s, during the [[Kaihou period]]. The oldest extant Senrian work of literature, the ''[[Kyuurekiso]]'', is a collection of myths, legends, and semi-historical accounts compiled in 712 by the nobleman [[Osakabe no Are]]; Osakabe also assisted with the production of the ''[[Senryuugi]]'', another seminal work covering Senrian history and legend, which was finished in 719.
Senrian literature and poetry flourished during the [[Kingen period]] thanks to heavy patronage by the nobility. The ''[[Man'youkei]]'', a collection of poetry in the ''{{wp|Waka (poetry)|senka}}'' style and the oldest anthology of Senrian-language poetry, was completed in 762; also popular among the nobility was ''{{wp|Kanshi (poetry)|tousi}}'', poetry written by Senrians in Classical Shangean. It was during this period that the ''{{wp|renga}}'' style of collaborative poetry became formalized. Noblewomen and ladies-in-waiting, such as [[Koharu Hou]], [[Mokusei no Kaneko]], [[Kenreimon'in no Rie]] , and [[Awate Sikibu]], are some of the most acclaimed Senrian authors and poets of the period; Koharu's ''[[The Tale of the Camellias|Tale of the Camellias]]'' is often described as the world's first {{wp|novel}}. Additionally, the ''{{wp|Zuihitsu|zuihitu}}'' genre emerged during the period, and zuihitu works provide invaluable insight into the social dynamics of the period. The ''[[Senmonogatari-suu]]'', an anthology of over a thousand folktales, is of unknown authorship and is believed to have been compiled in the 1100s.
The literary trends of the Kingen period by and large persisted throughout the [[Zakkoku period|Zakkoku]] and [[Tigoku period|Tigoku]] periods. The ''senka'' and ''renga'' styles of poetry remained preeminent; the ''zuihitu'' genre similarly persisted, becoming popular with monks, who used it as a means of meditative introspection and theological expression. The prose of the period became increasingly dominated by historical and military epics, such as those of [[Toyoda no Yukinaga]], [[Kenkou Iimura]], and [[Sanehira Takehara]], reflecting the rise of the ''{{wp|Bushido|busidou}}'' code and the {{wp|samurai}} as a social caste. Literary production also became increasingly male-dominated, and spread out across the country as the power of the central government collapsed.
Vast changes to Senrian literature came with the [[Suikoku period]], however, as a result of a rising {{wp|Chōnin|urban middle class}} and the arrival of the {{wp|printing press}}, which created a mass market for literature. Prose writing diversified massively, encompassing everything from war stories to romances to travel guides to works of satire. The ''{{wp|Ukiyo-zōshi|ukiyo-zousi}}'', ''{{wp|yomihon}}'', ''{{wp|Kibyōshi|kibyousi}}'', and ''{{wp|gesaku}}'' genres all emerged during the Suikoku period. Prominent authors of the period include [[Kunpei Kobayasi]], [[Sigenori Nisizawa]], [[Denzou Yokoi]], and [[Akinari Hirata]]. Poetry saw similarly consequential developments; the ''{{wp|Renku|haikai no renga}}'' style, which put a vulgar or satirical twist on the traditional ''renga'' style, appeared during this timeframe. Simultaneously, poets such as [[Tadahiro Kuzou]], [[Souseki Masaoka]], and [[Hanako Maeda]] used the format of the opening stanza of a ''renga'' to write short, standalone poems, creating the {{wp|haiku}}.
Senrian literature and poetry continued to change in the wake of the [[Keiou Restoration]] as they were increasingly exposed to Euclean styles of writing. Major authors and poets of this period include the {{wp|Realism (arts)|realist}} authors [[Kiyosi Nagai]], [[Matuhisa Hamaguti]], and [[Sayuri Minagawa]]; {{wp|Romanticism|romanticist}} authors [[Isirou Rokkaku]] and [[Taisuke Sugita]]; {{wp|Naturalism (literature)|naturalist}} author and poet [[Andou Husae]]; and {{wp|Satire|satirist}} [[Ryouta Rakuyama]]. Prominent contemporary Senrian authors include [[Ienaga Bandou]], [[Kisaburou Ezumi]], [[Kakuei Tagawa]], [[Genta Uegaki]], [[Suzue Norimoto]], and [[Kumie Sasabe]].
{{multiple image
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|image1=Sessue HayaKawa by Witzel.jpg
|image2=Toshiro Mifune 1954 Scan10003 160913.jpg
|footer=[[Seiya Aoki]] and [[Kansuke Baisou]] are two of Senria's most famous actors.
}}
===Media===
{{Main|Cinema of Senria|Television in Senria|Video games in Senria}}
The {{wp|cinematograph}} was first exhibited in Senria in 1898, with the first Senrian film, [[Heinosuke Hayakawa]]'s ''[[Tanabata (film)|Tanabata]]'', being made the following year. Early Senrian films drew heavily from traditional {{wp|kabuki}} theater, relying on {{wp|onnagata}} to play female roles and narrators known as {{wp|Benshi|bensi}}, and, for similar reasons, were overwhelmingly ''{{wp|Jidaigeki|zidaigeki}}'', or period pieces. This led to the emergence of the {{wp|Pure Film Movement}}, which called for a more uniquely cinematic approach to film, in the 1910s. The period between the [[Senrian Revolution]] and [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] saw the Pure Film Movement prevail, and while ''zidaigeki'' remained popular, the ''{{wp|Gendai-geki|gendaigeki}}'', or contemporary drama, became increasingly prominent. Some directors - such as [[Daisuke Tuburaya]] and [[Hirokazu Kitamati]] - began to create what were known as {{wp|Tendency film|tendency films}}, socially-conscious and often left-wing films. The outbreak of the Great War saw the government of [[Katurou Imahara]] take control of the film industry, implementing censorship rules and ordering the production of {{wp|War film|war films}}; one such film, 1930's ''[[The Battle of Ogasawara (film)|Battle of Ogasawara]]'', was the country's first full-length {{wp|Sound film|talkie}}.


<describe some prominent or popular senrian holidays, festivals, and celebratory occasions>
Senrian film of the late 1930s and 1940s emphasized realism, and some of the seminal works of the period - such as ''[[Keisi Elegy]]'', ''[[A Pack of Strays]]'', and ''[[Wisterias in the Autumn]]'' - are regarded as precursors to the {{wp|Neorealism (art)#In cinema|neorealist}} movement. The relaxing of censorship by the government of [[Tokiyasu Kitamura]] led to what is commonly considered the first {{wp|Golden Age (metaphor)|golden age}} of Senrian film. ''Zidaigeki'' - such as ''[[The Nameless Samurai]]'', ''[[The Fox in the Moonlight]]'', ''[[Nizaemon]]'', and ''[[Kakusareta Yousai]]'' - flourished throughout the period; ''gendaigeki'' such as ''[[The Human Condition]]'', ''[[Suzuki-sensei]]'', and ''[[Nagawamura Station]]'' (the first Senrian {{wp|Color motion picture film|color film}}) also did well, as did war films such as ''[[Wolves in the Hills]]'' and ''[[Hanran]]''. Furthermore, this period saw the birth of the internationally popular {{wp|Kaiju|kaizuu}} genre with the 1955 film ''[[Ebirah (film)|Ebirah]]'', and the rise of the {{wp|Japanese New Wave|Senrian New Wave}}. Stricter censorship returned with the rise of [[Takesi Takahata]], however, and, bar a handful of exceptions - such as ''[[Love Lost in Spring]]'', ''[[Iron Stigmata]]'', and ''[[Gin'noken]]'' - Senrian film is generally agreed to have stagnated during this period.
[[File:UenoParkHanami.jpg|200px|right|thumb|''Hanami''- enjoying the transient beauty of plum and cherry blossoms- is a popular Senrian spring custom.]]
 
<probably make a holiday chart showing which ones are official? list both traditional and more modern>
A second golden age of Senrian film is held to have occurred in the 1980s and 1990s with the liberalization of the [[Kiyosi Haruna|Haruna]] era; films of the period, including ''[[Akayama]]'', ''[[Those Who Speak Ill]]'', ''[[The Sonata]]'', ''[[Kaze no Hai]]'', ''[[Uncurable (film)|Uncurable]]'', and ''[[Sharks in Dark Waters]]'', saw critical and consumer acclaim both domestically and internationally. Animated films also did remarkably well, particularly abroad; prominent animated films of the period include ''[[The Valley of Moss and Steel]]'', ''[[Into Kamimori]]'', ''[[Valkyries in the Heavens]]'', ''[[Keisen'na]]'', and ''[[Venator]]''. Prominent Senrian films of the 21st century include ''[[Departure (film)|Departure]]'', ''[[The Depths]]'', ''[[Sakiko]]'', ''[[Rosemary Tea]]'', ''[[Conflagration (film)|Conflagration]]'', and ''[[Communion of Blood (film)|Communion of Blood]]''.
[[File:Daikeien amusement arcade 2018-05-10.jpg|265px|right|thumb|An {{wp|Amusement arcade|arcade}} in [[Katuyama Prefecture]].]]
Television arrived in Senria in the 1920s, with the [[SHK]] being formed in 1925; the country was a pioneer in both {{wp|satellite television}} and {{wp|HDTV}}. Since the 1950s, television has been an important part of Senrian soft power; {{wp|Japanese television drama|Senrian television dramas}}, which range from soap operas to police procedurals to comedies to period pieces, are broadcast across much of [[Coius]]. Senrian animated shows, or {{wp|anime}}, are also internationally popular; frequently but not always adapted from {{wp|manga}}, these shows have developed a dedicated following across much of [[Euclea]] and the [[Asterias]]. Prominent anime series include ''[[Rocketboy]]'', ''[[King of the Jungle]]'', ''[[Space Armada Avalon]]'', ''[[Melancholy in Neon]]'', ''[[New Spectral Crusaders]]'', ''[[Heroines of the Stars]]'', ''[[Telefang]]'', ''[[Platinum Wind]]'', and ''[[Dog Eat Dog]]''. Senria is also well-known for its {{wp|Japanese variety show|variety shows}}, whose fast pace and bizarre challenges have been imitated by their northern counterparts in recent years.
 
Senria has played a prominent role in the video game industry for as long as it has existed; Senrian companies were early manufacturers of {{wp|Electronic game|electromechanical}} and {{wp|Arcade game|arcade games}}, have played a leading role in the {{wp|video game console}} market since the mid-1980s, and pioneered the {{wp|handheld game console}}. During the 1980s and early 1990s, the so-called "{{wp|Console war|console wars}}" were dominated by the rival Senrian firms [[Kimankou]] and [[Lumen (company)|Lumen]]; in the mid-1990s, this dynamic was disrupted by the entry of a third Senrian firm, [[Maeda Group|Maeda]], which was able to entrench itself as a major player. While Lumen stopped producing console hardware in the early 2000s, Kimankou and Maeda remain two of the primary players in the video game console market, alongside the [[Rizealand|Rizealander]] firm {{wp|Microsoft|Bridgeware}}. The country's {{wp|Japanese mobile phone culture|mobile phone culture}} also means that there is a substantial domestic mobile game market. Major Senrian {{wp|Video game developer|video game development studios}} include Kimankou, Maeda, Lumen, [[Naneizou]], [[Kaseiyo Sossen]], [[Hisicom]], [[Taikyoku]], and [[Saikawa AstraSoft]].


===Music===
===Music===
{{Main|Music of Senria}}
Traditional Senrian music is traditionally grouped into three categories: ''{{wp|gagaku}}'' (the music of the nobility and imperial court, with a repertoire consisting of [[Tenkyou]] {{wp|Shinto music|religious music}} and songs derived from [[Shangea|Shangean]], [[Ansan|Ansene]], and [[Satria|Satrian]] music, sometimes further subdivided between exclusively vocal and/or instrumental pieces and ''{{wp|bugaku}}'', music that is also accompanied by dance), ''{{wp|Shōmyō|soumyou}}'' (a form of {{wp|Buddhist chant|Zohist chant}} developed by [[Zohism in Senria|Senrian Zohists]]), and ''{{wp|Min'yō|min'you}}'' (Senrian {{wp|folk music}}, ranging from {{wp|Work song|work songs}} to {{wp|Sato kagura|vernacular hymns}} to {{wp|Warabe uta|nursery rhymes}}). Traditional Senrian instruments include the ''{{wp|biwa}}'', ''{{wp|Koto (instrument)|koto}}'', ''{{wp|Shamisen|samisen}}'', ''{{wp|Kokyū|kokyuu}}'', ''{{wp|Hichiriki|hitiriki}}'', ''{{wp|Ryūteki|ryuuteki}}'', ''{{wp|Shakuhachi|sakuhati}}'', and ''{{wp|taiko}}''.


<minyou folk music and instrumentation; eucleophilia in the late 1800s-1900s influences it heavily>
The [[Keiou Restoration]] and subsequent efforts at modernization introduced [[Euclea|Euclean]] musical styles and instruments to Senria. {{wp|Classical music|Euclean classical music}} was patronized by the imperial government throughout the late 1800s and developed a strong presence in Senria as a result; Euclean-style songs known as ''{{wp|Shōka (music)|souka}}'', compiled into {{wp|Primary School Songbooks (Japanese)|songbooks}}, were obligatory learning material for Senrian students. Particularly popular between the 1870s and 1950s were ''{{wp|gunka}}'', or {{wp|War song|war songs}}, often {{wp|March (music)|military marches}}. Multiple styles of {{wp|popular music}}, including ''{{wp|Ryūkōka|ryuukoka}}'', ''{{wp|enka}}'', and ''{{wp|Kayōkyoku|kayoukyoku}}'', emerged in Senria during the early 1900s; these styles by and large dominated the country's music scene until the mid-20th century. These genres also competed with {{wp|Japanese jazz|jazz}}, which developed a devoted following in Senria in the 1920s.
[[File:Geishashamisen053.jpg|150px|left|thumb|A Senrian woman with a {{wp|shamisen|samisen}} in 1905. Samisens are commonly used in Senrian folk music, known as minyou.]]
[[File:Cat's eye karaoke eniwa.jpg|265px|left|thumb|A {{wp|karaoke}} lounge in the town of [[Itoi]].]]
<pop music - s-rock is very punk-y, s-pop is a very big thing, also karagaku (karaoke); this is a big part of the [[Senrian Wave]]>
{{wp|Rock and roll}} arrived in Senria in the late 1950s; covers of foreign rock and roll songs by Senrian artists like [[Saburou Dogura]] and [[Yosiya Kido and the Tempters]] caused a public craze for rock and roll music. The arrival of {{wp|rock music}} in the 1960s led to the birth of {{wp|Japanese rock|S-rock}} with the {{wp|Group Sounds}} movement, which fused rock with elements of ''kayoukyoku''; successful singers and bands of the genre include the [[The Golden Bears|Golden Bears]], the [[The Vagrants|Vagrants]], the [[The Troubadours|Troubadours]], [[The Grand Finale]], and [[Kouhei Takeda]]. Increasing censorship in the 1970s contributed to the popularity of {{wp|Japanese metal|metal}} and {{wp|Japanese hardcore|punk}} genres, spearheaded by bands such as the [[The Anywheres|Anywheres]], the [[The Kirenians (band)|Kirenians]], the [[The Kazemura Rounin|Kazemura Rounin]], [[Seikika (band)|Seikika]], and [[Jealousy (band)|Jealousy]]; the subsequent liberalization of the 1980s and 1990s allowed for the rise of the {{wp|visual kei}} genre, inspired by {{wp|glam rock}}, and the rise of {{wp|Alternative rock|alt rock}} groups like the [[The Alligators|Alligators]], the [[The Glissandos|Glissandos]], [[Souzo Riot]], and [[Jesus Soter and the Avant-Gardes]]. While some have argued that Senrian rock peaked domestically in the 1990s, its international recognition has grown markedly in recent years.


===Literature===
{{wp|J-pop|S-pop}} began to emerge with the {{wp|J-pop#1970s: Development of "new music"|New Music}} movement in the 1970s; artists of the movement, such as [[Arinobu Hirakawa]], [[Mineo Sakano]], and [[Emiko Nakaoka]] produced music focusing on personalistic themes. The New Music movement in turn led to genres such as {{wp|synthpop}} and {{wp|city pop}} in the 1980s. These genres - spearheaded by groups and artists including the [[The Orions|Orions]], the [[The Velvet Telegrams|Velvet Telegrams]], [[Wataru Utagawa]], [[Keizi Hanamura]], [[Sanae Waseda]], and [[Masako Aihara]] - saw widespread success throughout the decade, but were overshadowed in the 1990s by {{wp|Eurobeat|Euclobeat}} artists such as [[Takeru Yamanisi]] and [[Ramona Mandarin]] and by the rising {{wp|Japanese idol|idol movement}}, which came to dominate the S-pop scene in the 2010s, typified by groups like [[SRB18]], [[Go on Three!]], [[Red Enamel]], and [[The Morning Sun Club]]. As with S-rock, S-pop has developed an increasingly international following in recent years; some contemporary idol groups now have international fanbases, while city pop has become a touchstone for microgenres like {{wp|vaporwave}}.


<ancient senrian literature- a couple histories of senria, retellings of tenkyou stories, and fiction works>
===Theater===
[[File:Kokin Wakashu Genei 2.jpg|175px|right|thumb|A page from a Yowai-era anthology of Senrian poetry.]]
{{Main|Theater of Senria}}
<discuss senrian poetry- waka (senka), haiku, etc.?>
{{wp|Noh|Nou}} and {{wp|Kyōgen|kyougen}}, sometimes collectively referred to as ''{{wp|Nōgaku|nougaku}}'', are two of the world's oldest continuous theater traditions, emerging in the 14th century from the earlier ''{{wp|dengaku}}'' and ''{{wp|sarugaku}}'' traditions. Nou generally retells {{wp|Drama|dramatic}} stories from mythology, classic literature, and folklore, using masks, costuming, stylistic use of props, dance, and a mix of singing & speaking to convey the plot. Kyougen, by contrast, is generally {{wp|Comedy|comedic}} in nature, relying more heavily on dialogue & action than nou does and often relying on {{wp|Stock character|stock characters}}; kyougen also lacks the signature masks used in nou. Both nou and kyougen were primarily but not exclusively performed for the traditional aristocratic elite; ''nougaku'' programs traditionally consisted of several nou plays with kyougen plays in between, with most modern programs consisting of two nou plays separated by a kyougen play as an interlude.
[[File:Shibai Ukie by Masanobu Okumura.jpg|285px|right|thumb|A 1740s {{wp|ukiyo-e}} print of a {{wp|kabuki}} performance in [[Tosei]].]]
{{wp|Kabuki}}, another traditional form of theater, emerged in the 17th century. Where ''nougaku'' was by and large reserved for the upper classes, kabuki had widespread public appeal and attracted a socially diverse audience. Kabuki plays cover a variety of subjects and themes, though most fall into the categories of ''{{wp|Jidaimono|zidaimono}}'' (historical plays), ''{{wp|sewamono}}'' (domestic plays, focusing on drama and romance), and ''{{wp|Shosagoto|sosagoto}}'' (dance plays); they typically rely upon elaborate costumes and makeup, ribald humor, and dramatic, stylized performances emphasizing the roles and abilities of the actors. Kabuki actors traditionally use stage names, which are adopted or inherited in elaborate public ceremonies known as ''{{wp|Shūmei|suumei}}''. Other classic types of Senrian theater include ''{{wp|yose}}'', a form of spoken {{wp|vaudeville}}, and ''{{wp|bunraku}}'', a form of {{wp|Puppet|puppet theater}}; both ''yose'' and ''bunraku'' emerged in roughly the same timeframe as kabuki.


<more contemporary books and poetry>
The [[Kaisei period]] saw the introduction of Northern theater, and Northern dramatic conventions, to Senria. Euclean-style {{wp|Theatre|theatrical}} and {{wp|Opera|operatic}} companies were created at the urging of the imperial government as part of the country's modernization efforts, and Euclean forms of theater continue to be widely performed in Senria; there were more than 3,000 performances of Euclean or Euclean-style plays, operas, and musicals given in [[Keisi]] in 2014. The arrival of Northern theater also led to efforts at synthesis with traditional Senrian theater; the ''{{wp|Shinpa|sinpa}}'' style of theater, which was popular from the 1880s to the 1900s, retained certain aspects of kabuki theater while shifting more towards {{wp|melodrama}} and the adaptation of Euclean plays, while the competing ''{{wp|Shingeki|singeki}}'' style drew more heavily from {{wp|Realism (arts)|naturalism}} and remained preeminent in contemporary Senrian theater circles until the 1960s. Also popular in Senria is ''{{wp|Theatre of Japan#Shōgekijō|sougekizou}}'', or "little theater", plays written and performed by amateur theatrical troupes with the goal of making theater accessible to the general public. ''Sougekizou'' plays are often regarded as being unphilosophical in nature and aimed primarily at entertainment, but some have become highly acclaimed and ''sougekizou'' troupes have become an important source of actors and actresses for other forms of Senrian theater, as well as for cinema and television.


===Sports===
===Sports===
{{Main|Sport in Senria}}


Martial arts are a popular sport, both in terms of participation and spectation, within Senria. {{wp|Aikido|Aikidou}} is generally considered Senria's national sport, though other martial arts such as {{wp|judo|zuudou}}, {{wp|karate}}, and {{wp|jujutsu|zuuzutu}} are also commonplace. While many Senrian martial art events involve unarmed combat, some- such as {{wp|Kendo|kendou}} and {{wp|Kyūdō|kyuudou}}- involve weaponry. Some other traditional sports, such as {{wp|sumo|sumou}}, have also survived and retained followings into the present.
Many of Senria's traditional sports are {{wp|Japanese martial arts|martial arts}}. The most popular of these within Senria is {{wp|Sumo|sumou}}, a form of full-contact wrestling wherein each wrestler seeks to force their opponent out of the ring or into touching the ground with a part of their body other than their feet; sumou is believed to have emerged from {{wp|Ceremonial dance|ritual dances}} performed in ancient [[Tenkyou]], with historically-attested sumou matches being recorded as far back as the 640s CE. Some other Senrian martial arts - including {{wp|Jujutsu|zuuzutu}}, {{wp|Aikido|aikidou}}, {{wp|Judo|zuudou}}, and {{wp|karate}} - are popular both within Senria and internationally. These martial arts - excluding zuuzutu, which emerged in the 1100s - were developed in the late 1800s, and are sometimes referred to as ''{{wp|Gendai budō|gendai budo}}'' ("modern martial arts") as a result; however, because of their origin within Senria, they are simultaneously commonly called "traditional sports" as opposed to sports of Euclean or Asterian origin. Senrian armed martial arts are much less prominent, both domestically and internationally, than the aforementioned martial arts, which are all unarmed in nature; however, armed martial arts such as {{wp|Kendo|kendou}} and {{wp|Kyūdō|kyuudou}} retain devoted, if comparatively small, domestic followings.
[[File:Shihonage.jpg|175px|left|thumb|Martial arts, such as aikidou, are widely practiced and enjoyed within Senria.]]
[[File:The Tigers won the game 10-2. (3839653528).jpg|275px|left|thumb|{{wp|Baseball}} is Senria's most popular spectator and participatory sport.]]
{{wp|Soccer}} is the most popular spectator sport in Senria. The country's top league, the [[Senrian Football League]], was formed in 1955 and has 24 teams. The [[Senria national football team|Senrian national soccer team]] has appeared in four editions of the [[tbd soccer tournament]], and reached the semifinals in three. Also popular is {{wp|baseball}}; the [[Senria Professional Baseball League]], formed in 1947, currently has 16 teams. Several other sports have significantly smaller followings; among these are boxing, motorsports, tennis, skiing, basketball, fencing, and rugby.
The most popular modern sport in Senria, both as a participatory and spectator sport, is {{wp|baseball}}. Baseball was brought to Senria in the early 1870s by [[Asteria|Asterian]] expatriates brought to Senria as teachers, with its early popularity further strengthened by Senrians who had been sent to study in Estmere and were there exposed to the related sport of {{wp|rounders}}; baseball was firmly established in the country by 1900. The highest level of baseball in within Senria is the [[All-Senria Baseball League]], or ASBL, which was formed in 1936 and now has 24 teams; the ASBL is one of Kylaris's largest and most prominent baseball leagues, rivalled only by the pan-[[Asteria Superior|North Asterian]] [[Premier League Baseball]] and the pan-[[Arucian Sea|Arucian]] [[Arucian Baseball League]]. The ASBL's annual {{wp|championship}}, the {{wp|Playoff format#Best-of-seven playoff|best-of-seven}} [[All-Senria Championship Series]], is Senria's most lucrative regular sporting event. The country has a {{wp|Farm team|farm system}} with multiple {{wp|Minor league|minor leagues}} organized as the [[Senrian Minor League Baseball System]], a [[Senrian Women's Baseball League|women's baseball league]], a [[Senrian Collegiate Baseball League|college baseball league]], and a thriving {{wp|High school baseball in Japan|high school baseball}} scene which culminates in a pair of annual tournaments.


===Theater===
{{wp|Association football|Soccer}} is the country's second most popular sport. Soccer arrived in Senria in the 1870s, with the country's first soccer club being formed in 1915 and its national team being formed in 1935; however, Senria did not have an organized national league until 1965, three decades later. The [[Senrian Soccer Association]] manages both the country's [[Senria national football team|national team]] and the [[Senria Soccer League]], or SSL. The SSL has a three-tier {{wp|league system}}, with the [[S1 League]] functioning as the top division of the system and the [[S2 League|S2]] and [[S3 League|S3]] leagues below it; however, like the ASBL and unlike most soccer leagues, the J1 League has a fixed membership roster and uses the lower leagues as a farm system, rather than {{wp|promotion and relegation|promoting & relegating}} teams. Senrian soccer's national cup, which is open to all club teams in the Senria Soccer Association, is the [[Senrian National Cup]]; the winner of the National Cup and the S1 League champions in turn compete for the [[Senrian Super Cup]]. The country also has a {{wp|Women's football|women's soccer}} league, the [[Senrian Women's Soccer Association]]; a [[Senria women's national football team|women's national team]]; and a {{wp|futsal}} organization, the [[Senria Futsal League]], under the authority of the Senrian Soccer Association.
 
Other modern team sports with professional leagues in Senria include {{wp|basketball}} (the [[Senrian Professional Basketball League]] and [[Senrian Professional Women's Basketball League]]), {{wp|handball}} (the [[Senria Handball League]]), {{wp|rugby union}} (the [[Senrian Rugby Association]]) and {{wp|rugby league}} (the [[All-Senria National Rugby League]]), {{wp|gridiron football}} (the [[Senrian Gridiron Football League]]), {{wp|ice hockey}} (the [[Senria Ice Hockey League]]), and {{wp|volleyball}} (the [[National Volleyball Association (Senria)|National Volleyball Association]]).


<nou, kabuki, traditional theater>
Euclean-style {{wp|boxing}} arrived in Senria by the 1800s; in 1854, local authorities in the port city of [[Isikawa]] organized a friendly competition between Euclean boxers and Senrian martial artists for the public, with the competition reportedly ultimately won by a {{wp|Rikishi|sumou wrestler}}. Senria's official boxing organization is the [[Senrian Professional Boxing Association]]. {{wp|Taekwondo}} has become increasingly popular in recent years thanks to close Senrian-[[Ansan|Ansene]] relations. {{wp|Winter sports}} are widely popular in the country; {{wp|Alpine skiing|Aventine skiing}}, {{wp|ski jumping}}, {{wp|snowboarding}}, {{wp|sledding}}, {{wp|luge}}, and {{wp|Bobsleigh|bobsledding}} are particularly popular as either participatory or spectator sports on account of Senria's mountainous terrain, and {{wp|speed skating}} and {{wp|figure skating}} are both also well-established in Senria. {{wp|Table tennis}} is popular as both a competitive and recreational sport; there is a particularly pronounced rivalry in competitive table tennis between Senria and [[Shangea]]. Senrian automotive manufacturers have been involved in {{wp|Motorsport|motorsports}} since the late 1960s, and particularly successful since the 1980s, regularly performing well against established Euclean manufacturers.
[[File:Odori Keiyō Edo-e no sakae by Toyokuni III.jpg|200px|right|thumb|An 1854 woodblock print of a kabuki performance in [[Tosei]].]]
<contemporary stuff>


===Video games===
Senria is a [[Senria at the Invictus Games|regular participant]] in the [[Invictus Games]]. It made its first appearance in [[1910 Summer Invictus Games|1910]], won its first summer medals in [[1914 Summer Invictus Games|1914]], and won its first winter medals in [[1940 Summer Invictus Games|1940]]. Senria has hosted the [[Summer Invictus Games]] three times, in [[1958 Summer Invictus Games|1958]], [[1970 Summer Invictus Games|1970]], and [[1990 Summer Invictus Games|1990]]; the 1958 and 1990 games were held in [[Keisi]], while the 1970 games were held in [[Tosei]]. It has also hosted the [[Winter Invictus Games]] twice, in [[Nobeoka]] in [[1976 Winter Invictus Games|1976]] and [[Ubeyama]] in [[2000 Winter Invictus Games|2000]]. The 1958 Keisi Invictus Games represented the first time the Summer Invictus Games were held in an independent [[Coius|Coian]] country (while the [[1902 Summer Invictus Games|1902]] Summer Games were held in [[Adunis]], it was a colony of [[Gaullica]] at the time), and the 1990 Keisi Games saw Keisi become the first Coian city to host the Invictus Games twice. Keisi was the city originally awarded the [[1946 Summer Invictus Games|1946 Summer Games]], which were ultimately cancelled due to the [[Solarian War]].


<oh you bet your ass senria's gonna be making and exporting video games; also a part of the [[Senrian Wave]]>
==References==
{{reflist}}


{{Senria topics}}
{{Senria topics}}
[[Category:Senria]][[Category:Kylaris]]
[[Category:Senria]][[Category:Kylaris]][[Category:Countries (Kylaris)]]

Latest revision as of 15:11, 12 March 2024

Template:Region icon Kylaris

Republic of Senria
썬류우꾜우외꼬꾸
Senryuu Kyouwakoku
Motto: 꼬꾸민노이씨가쌔꼬우호우끼
Kokumin no Isi ga Saikou Houki
The People's Will Shall be the Supreme Law
Anthem: 꾜우외꼬꾸꼬우씬꾜꾸
Kyouwakoku Kousinkyoku
March of the Republic

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Seal:
썬류우꾜우외꼬꾸노몬
Seal of the Senrian Republic
Seal of the Senrian Republic.png
Location of Senria in Kylaris
Location of Senria in Kylaris
Capital
and largest city
Keisi
Official languagesSenrian
Recognised regional languagesIsotaman, Esamankur, Cotratic
Demonym(s)Senrian
GovernmentUnitary, historically dominant-party, parliamentary republic[1]
Akiko Hasegawa
Itaru Wada
Yosiko Asahara
LegislatureNational Assembly
History of Senria
710 BCE
1869
1918
1933
Area
• Total
609,136.64[2] km2 (235,188.97 sq mi)
• Water (%)
1.5%[3]
Population
• 2015 census
258,751,620[4]
• Density
424.78/km2 (1,100.2/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)2015 estimate
• Total
$9.747 trillion[5]
• Per capita
$37,670[5]
GDP (nominal)2015 estimate
• Total
$4.484 trillion[5]
• Per capita
$17,328[5]
Gini (2015[6])42.1
medium
HDI (2022[7]).863
very high
CurrencySenrian yen (圓, ¥) (SNY)
Time zoneUTC-5
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy (CE)
Driving sideleft
Calling code+30
ISO 3166 codeSN
Internet TLD.sn

Senria (Senrian: 썬류우꼬꾸, Senryuukoku), known formally as the Republic of Senria (Senrian: 썬류우꾜우외꼬꾸, Senryuu Kyouwakoku), is an island country located in the continent of Coius. It is bordered by the Lumine Ocean to the west and north, the Honghai Sea to the south and southeast, the Rangyoku Strait to the east, and the Bay of Bashurat to the northeast. Senria shares a maritime border with Shangea. Its capital and largest city is Keisi.

The main part of Senria, the Senrian archipelago, is a stratovolcanic archipelago of several thousand islands and islets. Of these, the islands of Kousuu, Tousuu, Yuusuu, and Gyousuu, which make up the majority of Senria's land area and are home to the vast majority of its population, are considered to be the "main islands". Smaller islands within the Senrian archipelago include Kisima, Rousima, Kanasima, Sugisima, and Kaedezima; subarchipelagos within the larger Senrian archipelago include the Isotama and Hibotu island chains. The country also controls the Sunahama Islands, a series of atolls located on the border of the Honghai and Coral seas.

While Senria has been inhabited since the Late Paleolithic, and was supposedly unified by the Emperor Kousou in 710 BCE, traditional records of Senrian history before the 300s CE are typically regarded by historians as heavily mythologized and ultimately unreliable. The first confirmed references to Senria from an external source come in the Yiguoji, a Shangean chronicle from the 4th century CE. The authority of the Senrian monarchy was centralized by a series of reforms in the 5th and 6th centuries, enabling a flourishing of culture and commerce, but began to decline precipitously beginning in the 800s, with power falling into the hands of local lords known as daimyou whose rule was enforced by warrior nobles known as samurai. The ensuing period of prolonged internal division was marked both by regular conflict between rival daimyous and by a renewed flourishing of Senrian culture.

The country was reunified by the Keiou Restoration, beginning in 1869, which saw central authority reestablished under an absolute monarchy; political repression, stalled modernization, and perceived weakness in the face of Shangean and Euclean imperialism in subsequent decades led to the Senrian Revolution, which ended with the formal deposition of the monarchy in 1923. The country played a major role in the Great War, undertaking a program of breakneck industrialization and mass mobilization in response to the invasion of the country and genocide of Senrians by Shangean forces. Senria emerged from the war as an industrial and military power; a new constitution was ratified in 1933, with wartime leader Katurou Imahara establishing a dominant-party regime under his rule. While Senria liberalized somewhat under Prime Minister Kiyosi Haruna, Imahara's Aikokutou remains in power into the present.

Home to 258 million people as of 2015, Senria is the second-largest country in the world by population; its capital, Keisi, is the largest city and metropolitan area in the world. While the Senrian population is overwhelmingly composed of ethnic Senrians, the country is also home to the Isotamans, Esamankur, and Cotratics, as well as Shangean, Ansene, Satrian, Chanwan, and Kuthine populations, and returned members of the Senrian diaspora known as dekasegi. Most Senrians practice a form of Tenkyou, the country's indigenous religion, which has been highly syncretized with Zohism and Badi; noteworthy minority religions in Senria include Sotirianity and several new religious movements known collectively as sinsuukyou. The country's official language is Senrian, though Isotaman, Esamankur, and Cotratic have been accorded limited recognition at the local level.

Senria is formally established as a unitary parliamentary republic, with legislative power vested in an elected unicameral National Assembly and executive power held by a Prime Minister designated by the legislature. While nominally a multi-party democracy, Senria has been dominated politically by the Aikokutou since 1927, and is typically classed as a dominant-party state or a Southern democracy by analysts. Senria's current prime minister is Reika Okura, the first woman to hold the office, who has held the position since 2018. Traditionally split into 21 traditional regions, the country is formally divided into 64 prefectures, which hold relatively little autonomy. The Senrian military, known as the Senrian Republican Armed Forces, consists of the Senrian Republican Army, Navy, and Air Force, and is regarded as among the foremost militaries in Coius, backed by one of the largest military budgets in the world. Senria is one of the seven states permitted to have nuclear weapons under the Treaty of Shanbally.

Senria has the second-largest economy in the world in terms of nominal GDP. A leading industrial power and major exporter of consumer goods, its economy has steadily become progressively more white-collar since the 1980s, though this has been increasingly marred by economic stagnation in the past five years. The Senrian economy is marked by the domination of a handful of corporate cliques known as keiretu and an emphasis on lifetime employment and seniority-based advancement in the corporate world. While it ranks highly on the Human Development Index, the country also suffers from high levels of income inequality. Senria's currency is the yen.

Senrian culture stands as one of the most prominent and influential cultures in the modern world, having obtained global reach during the 20th century, particularly following the start of the Senrian Wave in the 1980s. Senrian art, cinema, cuisine, literature, music, television, and video games are well-known and capable of exercising worldwide influence, and are regarded by many analysts as an important facet of Senrian soft power.

Senria is commonly considered one of the world's great powers due to its large population, substantial military, nuclear arsenal, high standard of living, and economic and cultural clout. It holds a permanent seat on the Community of Nations's Security Committee, is a prominent member of GIFA, the AEDC, and the ITO, and plays a leading role in SAMSO, COMDEV, and the BCO.

Etymology

The typical name for Senria in the Senrian language, written in Gyoumon as 千龍國 or 千竜国 and in Kokumon as 썬류우꼬꾸, is pronounced Senryuukoku. This name, sometimes clipped to Senryuu, roughly translates as "country of a thousand dragons". The first confirmed use of the term to refer to Senria appears in the Yiguoji, a Shangean chronicle from 372 CE.

The earliest known Euclean form of the name, Tsenliong, appears in the writings of Ponte Pilote, and likely derives from the Late Middle Shangean pronunciation of the characters 千龍. The chronicles and letters of Luzelese and Hennish explorers in the 16th century contain several variations more obviously derived from the Senrian form of the name; these variants rapidly supplanted the earlier Tsenliong and converged into the Gaullican Senrie, which in turn became the Estmerish Senria.

History

Prehistory and antiquity

Feudal era

Modern era

Geography

Senria comprises 12,814 islands and islets located to the south and west of Coius, of which about 520 are inhabited. The main portion of the country, the Senrian archipelago, is a stratovolcanic archipelago bordered by the Lumine Ocean to the west and north, the Bay of Bashurat to the northeast, the Rangyoku Strait to the east, and the Honghai Sea to the south and southeast. The four "main islands" of the Senrian archipelago, from east to west, are Tousuu, Kousuu, Yuusuu, and Gyousuu. Within the larger Senrian archipelago, two subarchipelagos are typically identified - the Isotama Islands, to the northeast of the main islands, and the Hibotu Islands, the westernmost portion of the country. The archipelago also contains several thousand smaller islands and islets.

Mount Senzou, the highest point in Senria, as seen from space.

The Senrian archipelago is roughly 2,554 kilometers (1,587 miles) long, but is only about 460 kilometers (285 miles) wide at its widest point. Most of its terrain is highly mountainous, and, because of this, more than 65% of it is uninhabitable. Because of its location along the boundary of the Lumine and Austral tectonic plates, the Senrian archipelago is significantly prone to earthquakes, volcanic activity, and tsunamis.

Senria also controls the Sunahama Islands, a chain of twenty-eight atolls and islets located on the border of the Honghai and Coral seas. Obtained from Gaullica following the end of the Great War, the Sunahamas are also claimed by Shangea.

Senria has a total area of 609,136.64 km2 (235,189 sq mi); metropolitan Senria has an area of 589,191.68 km2 (227,488 sq mi) while the Sunahamas have an area of 19,944.96 km2 (7,701 sq mi). The Senrian archipelago lies roughly between latitudes 18° and 33°S and longitudes 146°W and 180°E; the Sunahamas are located roughly between latitudes 44° and 48°S and longitudes 105° to 115°W. The country's highest point is the peak of Mount Senzou, which stands 3,776 meters (12,388 feet) tall; its lowest natural point is Lake Notorigata, a now-partially-reclaimed lagoon located 4 meters (13 feet) below sea level. As an island nation, Senria has no land borders; however, it does share a sea border with Shangea in the Rangyoku Strait.

Climate

The majority of Senria has a temperate climate falling into the Köppen system categories Cfa (humid subtropical climate) or Cfb (temperate oceanic climate); however, some of the southerly regions of the archipelago have continental climates, primarily Dfa (hot-summer humid continental climate) or Dfb (warm-summer humid continental climate). Aventine climates can also be found in parts of Senria on account of its pronounced topography.

The country is generally rainy, though its many mountain ranges mean that parts of the country's east are affected by rain shadows and foehn winds, though these areas are still relatively wet, receiving at least 750 millimeters (30 inches) of rain annually; much of the country sees heavy snowfall during the winter. As a result of the country's heavy rainfall, sunshine is generally modest in quantity. Much of western Senria is at risk of typhoons during the mid-to-late summer and early fall; an average of five or six typhoons pass over the country annually.

Biodiversity

Senria is the native home of between 4,000 and 6,000 species of plant. The country's north is dominated by a mixture of both deciduous and evergreen broad-leaved trees; at higher altitudes and in the country's south, by contrast, forests are dominated more by conifers. The country's national tree is the Senrian maple. Flowering and fruiting plants native to Senria include plums, cherries, and chestnuts. Food crops originating in Senria include the adzuki vine, water celery, wasabi, and edible seaweeds such as nori and hiziki; the country is also famous for its edible mushrooms, such as the highly-prized siitake and matutake mushrooms.

The country also exhibits great diversity in animal life. Emblematic animal species include the red fox, tanuki, sika deer, Senrian macaque, Senrian sparrowhawk, red-crowned crane, Senrian pit viper, and Senrian giant salamander. Senria has more than 300 species of butterfly, more than 1,000 species of moth, and 190 species of dragonfly; it is also home to more than 3,000 species of fish.

Environment

Senria suffered severe environmental degradation between the 1930s and 1970s, with environmental concerns downplayed by the Senrian government in favor of an emphasis on rapid industrialization and maximizing economic growth. In response to public anger, efforts to address the issue were made by the government of Tokiyasu Kitamura, but many of these measures lapsed or were overturned during the subsequent government of Takesi Takahata. A renewed push for environmental protection legislation occurred in the 1980s; these laws served as the basis for stricter legislation passed during the premiership of Sigesato Izumi.

Nonetheless, several issues persist. Air pollution remains a serious problem in Senria, particularly photochemical smog caused by industrial fumes, vehicular emissions, and the incineration of garbage. Senria is a major consumer of fossil fuels; in 2017, roughly 85% of the country's electricity production came from coal, oil, or natural gas. Water pollution is still a persistent issue, with the damage to aquatic ecosystems being compounded by overfishing, eutrophication, algal blooms, and the destruction of coastal ecosystems by land reclamation efforts. The continued practice of whaling, defended by the Senrian government as a scientific necessity and a cultural tradition, is a source of international controversy. Senria's government has also been accused of participating in and funding the denial of climate change.

The Senrian government has responded to criticism by claiming that the critiques put forward by environmentalists exaggerate the scale of environmental issues within the country, insisting that Senrian environmental protection legislation is strictly enforced and alleging that claims to the contrary are invented or amplified by bad faith actors, particularly the government of Shangea. It has also pointed to the funding put by both the Senrian government and Senrian companies into green technology. Since 2010, the government has also overseen reforestation campaigns aimed at restoring local environments and preventing erosion.

Politics

Governance

Senria is legally established as a unitary parliamentary republic and, accordingly, the country is sometimes characterized as the most populous democracy in the world. The Republic of Senria was originally formed in 1918, following the start of the Senrian Revolution; however, the country's current constitution was not written until 1933. In practice, Senria has long been often characterized as a dominant-party state or as a Southern democracy as a result of the longstanding preeminence of the Aikokutou, which ruled the country between 1927 and 2023.

Senria's legislature, the National Assembly, is a unicameral parliament which consists of 545 members who are directly elected for single-member districts every five years. These elections use a first-past-the-post plurality voting system. The day-to-day operation of the National Assembly is handled by the Chairman of the National Assembly, elected by the National Assembly from among its membership; the chairmanship is currently held by Yosiko Asahara, who was first elected to the position in 2023. Fourteen political parties are currently represented in the National Assembly. The current governing coalition, known as the Sinkyouren, consists of four parties - the Democratic Party, Koumeitou, Green Union, and Sinpokai. The second-largest coalition is the Kokuminsa, which consists of the longtime-dominant party Aikokutou and two smaller parties which are commonly characterized as puppets of the Aikokutou, the Justice Party, and Reimeisa.

The National Assembly also selects the Prime Minister of Senria, who is traditionally the leader of the largest coalition within the legislature. The premiership of Senria is unique in that the Prime Minister is both head of government and head of state, instead of being only the former; this differentiates Senria from most other parliamentary republics, and emerged as a result of the negotiations that surrounded the drafting of the country's constitution. They are also the country's chief executive and the commander in chief of the Senrian Republican Armed Forces, and appoint the members of the Cabinet of Senria. After being approved by a majority vote of the National Assembly, the Prime Minister holds the position for the remainder of the National Assembly's term, unless removed from office early by resignation, death, or a motion of no confidence. Senria's current prime minister is Akiko Hasegawa of the Democratic Party, who is the tenth person, second woman, and first non-Aikokutou politician to hold the office, elected to the position following the 2023 Senrian general election.

Senria's National Assembly Building, located in Keisi.

While Senria's legal system was historically heavily influenced by a mixture of Shangean law and local traditions, the modern Senrian legal system - following the Keiou Restoration and the Senrian Revolution - is primarily based upon Euclean civil law. The primary body of Senrian law is known as the Six Codes, consisting of the country's constitution, civil code, code of civil procedure, criminal code, code of criminal procedure, and commercial code. The Senrian judiciary has four levels of court: summary courts, district courts, high courts, and the Supreme Court of Senria. The judiciary is constitutionally established as independent from the executive and the legislature and the Supreme Court is accorded some powers of judicial review. Judges, including supreme court justices, are nominated by the prime minister and confirmed by a majority vote in the national assembly, holding office until their resignation or death.

While Senria has universal suffrage for all adults over eighteen years of age, the secret ballot, and certain constitutional safeguards for civil and political rights, it also has a long contemporary history of authoritarian rule, and has traditionally been regarded by political scientists as an illiberal or Southern democracy. Most of Senria's prime ministers before 1983 were de facto military dictators who tightly controlled political life and used the Aikokutou as a means of mass mobilization and to provide their rule with a veneer of legitimacy; while civilian control of the military was entrenched in the 1980s and 1990s by the government of Kiyosi Haruna, who also oversaw a period of political liberalization, Senria remained a dominant-party state in which power was concentrated in the leadership of the Aikokutou until 2023. Under Aikokutou rule, Senria had a mixed record on freedom of speech, with dissidents and opposition figures sometimes facing legal or extralegal harassment, and freedom of the press is de facto limited as a result of close ties between the government and much of the Senrian media. Corruption is endemic within the upper levels of Senrian governance, though corrupt behavior at the lower levels is routinely punished. Aikokutou governments have largely rejected criticism that Senria is illiberal or undemocratic, arguing that Senria is "a democratic republic in line with Imaharist doctrine" and claiming that negative reports on human and civil rights in Senria "routinely contain serious misrepresentations and factual errors".

The election of the opposition Sinkyouren coalition, led by the Democratic Party and Koumeitou, sparked conversations - both within Senria and abroad - about the possibility of further political reforms which might address some of the country's continuing issues with civil and political rights. However, as a result of a long history of Aikokutou nepotism and cronyism, as well as close ties between the Aikokutou's Senria's keiretu and, allegedly, certain yakuza groups, some observers have argued that Senria has a nationalistic, illiberal deep state which might obstruct progress on these counts.

Administrative divisions

Senria is divided into sixty-four prefectures (Senrian: , ken; Gyoumon: ). Each prefecture is run by a governor and a unicameral prefectural assembly, both directly elected every five years. Prefectural governments are tasked with the organization of schools and hospitals, maintaining infrastructure and managing urban planning, handling administrative affairs, and overseeing local emergency services, including the local branches of the National Police. Prefectures also have a limited ability to pass local regulations and ordinances. However, as Senria is a unitary state, this authority is limited; there must be a national statutory basis for local ordinances, and local ordinances are forbidden from having penalties greater than two years in prison and a fine of ¥1 million. The autonomy of prefectures is further limited by the fact that prefectures are only permitted to operate autonomously within the often-tight framework established by national law, and by the financial dependence of prefectures upon the central government.

A map of Senria's prefectures, colored according to their traditional region.

Prefectures are further subdivided into municipalities. Municipalities compile the koseki and zuuminhyou civil registries and assist prefectures in organizing the provision of public services. Senrian law establishes three types of municipality: cities (, si; ), towns (마띠, mati; ), and villages (무라, mura; ). Cities are divided into a further set of categories based on population; larger cities are granted greater autonomy and authority, sometimes approaching the authority accorded to prefectural governments, and the ability to subdivide themselves into wards (, ku; ). Towns and villages have little autonomy but are permitted to govern themselves by a general assembly of citizens as opposed to a mayor-council system.

Traditional regions

Traditionally, Senria was divided into twenty-one regions (띠호우, tihou; 地方) or circuits (도우, dou; ), which were further subdivided into districts (, gun; ); these regions and districts were the country's de jure administrative subdivisions throughout the classical, medieval, and early modern periods, though in practice they were often overshadowed or superseded by the private estates of daimyou (, han; ). Senrian emperors would regularly legitimize the authority of certain powerful daimyou by granting them symbolic dominion over the region where their domains were located.

Han were abolished following the Keiou Restoration, and both the traditional regions and districts were formally dissolved following the Senrian Revolution; as a result, these historic divisions retain no official status or function within contemporary Senria. In practice, however, the country's traditional regions are at times used for statistical purposes by both private and public groups, and they sometimes appear in geography textbooks, maps, and weather reports. Additionally, some government offices organize their geographical subdivisions to correspond with traditional regions, and many private businesses and institutions include their "home region" within their name. They also retain a degree of cultural relevance, with certain traditional regions being associated with certain stereotypes.

Urbanization

Senria is an extremely urbanized country, with 92% of the country's 258 million inhabitants residing in a city as of 2015, and Senrian cities are known internationally for being both vast and dense. Keisi, Senria's capital city, is the largest city in the world, home to more than 20.8 million people within its city limits and 60 million in its greater metropolitan area; this metropolitan area includes several other cities with over a million inhabitants, including Kasaoka (3.2 million), Itimura (2.5 million), and Kitasaki (1.2 million). Senria's five largest cities - Keisi, Tosei, Isikawa, Ukyou, and Ubeyama - all have more than 5 million inhabitants within their city limits.

Most of Senria's cities are considered to be a part of a megalopolis known as the Kouryuukaidou, sometimes known as the Great Senrian Belt or Great Senrian Corridor outside of the country. This megalopolis is usually held to span from western Yuusuu to eastern Kousuu, encompassing the metropolitan areas of Ubeyama, Hukuyama, Toyotori, Isikawa, Utimura, Tosei (including Simada and Katuyama), Yosida, Keisi (including Kasaoka, Itimura, and Kitasaki), Ueda, and Koriyama. The region encompassed by the Kouryuukaidou encompasses much of the traditional population core of Senria; other areas of population agglomeration include the areas now dominated by greater Ukyou and Sakata on Tousuu, greater Nobeoka on Yuusuu, and the areas around the Yokomatu-Nisiyama-Tukayama agglomeration, Hagiwara, and Hanae in northern Kousuu.

Foreign relations

Senria is a founding member of the Community of Nations and serves as one of the permanent members of the Community of Nations Security Committee; the Senrian language is one of the official languages of the CN. Senria is a prominent member of the Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs, International Trade Organization, and Association for Economic Development and Cooperation, and the leading power behind the Sangang Mutual Security Organization, Bashurat Cooperation Organization, and Council for Mutual Development. The country also has warm ties with, but is not an official member or observer of, the Euclean Community and the North Vehemens Organization. On account of its large population, economic and military power, and global cultural clout, many observers have labelled Senria as a potential superpower. The country's foreign affairs are handled by the Ministry of Rites.

Senria is generally regarded as having warm relations with the leading countries of the Euclean Community. The country has longstanding diplomatic ties, dating back to the Senrian Revolution and the Great War, with Werania and with Estmere, sometimes considered to be Senria's "traditional allies". Senro-Estmerish relations are particularly close; Senria and Estmere are sometimes regarded as having a "special relationship" on account of their warm diplomatic relations over the past 150 years. Senria's relationship with Gaullica is not as strong, Gaullica having historically been an ally of Shangea, but the relationship between the two is typically cordial in the present day. Outside of the Euclean Community, Senria has a longstanding relationship with Etruria; this relationship is commonly regarded as having grown increasingly close since the rise of the Tribune Movement in Etruria as a result of ideological similarities between the Tribunes and Aikokutou. The country is also a part of the "Translumine Triangle", or "Three Ss", alongside Soravia and Satucin. These relationships with Euclean and Asterian nations are important for Senria not only politically, but also economically; many of these countries serve as important markets for Senrian-made goods and products. On account of the importance of exports to the Senrian economy, Senria tends to pursue free trade on the global stage.

Through SAMSO, the BCO, and COMDEV, Senria has close diplomatic, economic, cultural, and military ties with many countries in Coius. Ansan is sometimes considered "Senria's closest Coian ally", the two nations having been closely aligned since Ansan's independence from Gaullica. Since the Shangean invasion of Kuthina in 2007, Senro-Kuthine ties have become increasingly close. Senria is politically and economically involved in Satria, where it has attempted largely unsuccessfully to initiate negotiations between Arthasthan and Padaratha over the issue of Minkathala, and has played an increasingly large role in Bahia in recent years, with Senria providing substantial development aid either directly or through COMDEV and Senrian companies increasingly outsourcing manufacturing jobs to Bahia as Senria shifts more towards the service sector.

Senria's relationship with Shangea is its most ancient, complicated, and acrimonious. Senro-Shangean relations have generally been hostile since the 1860s, and both Senria and Shangea regard the containment of the other as a geopolitical priority; SAMSO, the BCO, and COMDEV are widely regarded as rivals or competitors to the Shangean-dominated Rongzhuo Strategic Protocol Organization and International Forum for Developing States. Causes for Senro-Shangean enmity include geopolitical rivalry for hegemony in southern Coius, economic competition, the unilateral abrogation of the Treaty of Keisi by Shangea, and Shangean denialism of the Senrian Genocide. The two countries are also engaged in a territorial dispute over the Sunahama Islands, claimed by Shangea as the "Haishe Islands". While there have been efforts to promote bilateral negotiation between the countries, most notably the Nuclear Arms Limitation and Non-proliferation Talks, these efforts have stalled in the past decade. Similarly, Senria tends to have poor relations with countries that are regarded as Shangean allies, such as the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics and Ajahadya, though these relations are not as uniformly hostile, and certain Senrian administrations have attempted to "pry away" these nations from Shangea, with little success.

Relations between Senria and socialist nations (such as Kirenia and Dezevau) and organizations (such as the Association for International Socialism and Mutual Assistance Organisation) are generally tepid at best on account of economic and ideological differences. However, there are some socialist countries in Senria's diplomatic orbit, most notably Arthasthan, and Senrian governments have generally placed a greater focus upon opposing Shangea and Shangean influence than containing socialism.

Military, intelligence, and law enforcement

Longstanding Senro-Shangean tensions have prompted to Senria to allocate substantial attention to the Senrian military, known as the Senrian Republican Armed Forces or Senkyougun, which is one of the largest and best-funded standing militaries in the world as a result. The Senrian Republican Armed Forces consists of three branches: the Senrian Republican Army, Senrian Republican Navy, and Senrian Republican Air Force; the country's navy and air force in particular are among the country's most important tools of power projection. The Senrian military engages in technology and intelligence sharing with its military allies in the Sangang Mutual Security Organization, and the Senrian military operates deployments in other SAMSO member states.

The Ministry of Defense handles the day-to-day operation of the army while the prime minister serves as the formal commander in chief of the armed forces; both the minister of defense and prime minister are advised by the military's chief of staff. Senrian law permits the conscription of all male citizens between ages 16 and 32; however, as of 2021, the Senrian military operates as a all-volunteer force.

Senria possesses nuclear weapons and is one of the world's nine nuclear states, operating a full nuclear triad structure. The country first successfully tested a nuclear bomb in 1964. Senria is a signatory of the Treaty of Shanbally and one of the seven nations authorized by the treaty to maintain a nuclear arsenal. The Senrian government and military insist that the country does not maintain any stockpiles of biological or chemical weapons, in accordance with international law, though some international analysts have argued that Senria is likely maintaining such arsenals, or the ability to quickly establish them in wartime, in secret.

Domestic law enforcement in Senria is primarily handled by the National Police Agency, or Keisatutou, and its network of prefectural police bureaus. The Keisatutou cooperates heavily with the Public Safety Bureau, which oversees various matters of public safety such as emergency services and disaster preparedness & management; the Customs and Tariffs Bureau, the country's border control agency; and the Senria Coast Guard, which handles maritime security and search and rescue.

Senria's primary intelligence agency is the Special Police Corps, commonly referred to as the Tokkeitai. The Tokkeitai hold purview over both domestic and foreign intelligence, and historically also functioned as the country's secret police. Other Senrian intelligence agencies include the Military Intelligence Corps, or Gunzoutai, which has divisions in each branch of the Senrian armed forces and handles military and signals intelligence; the Security Bureau, part of the National Police Agency, specialized in counter-intelligence, counter-terrorism, and responding to cybercrime; and the Cabinet Research Office, a comparatively small agency which answers directly to the prime minister.

Economy

Keisi is Senria's foremost financial center.

With a nominal GDP of $4.484 trillion and a GDP PPP of $9.747 trillion, Senria is the second largest economy in the world as of 2015, behind Shangea and ahead of Gaullica. The country has a Human Development Index score of .863 and a Gini coefficient of 42.1, reflecting a high standard of living coupled with pronounced income inequality. The country had an unemployment rate of 5.3%, with unemployment among 15-to-24-year-olds at 11.4%, as of the fourth quarter of 2020. In 2015, 4.1% of the Senrian labor force was employed in agriculture, 33.6% were employed in manufacturing and industry, and 62.3% were employed in the service sector. The country, one of the world's largest manufacturing economies and consumer markets, is both a major importer and exporter of goods; the country usually runs a trade surplus.

Senria has a market economy, and is variously classed as either an emerging, middle-income, or developed country, depending on the exact definition and metrics used for classification. Senria's economy is marked by the dominance of a handful of major corporate conglomerates known as keiretu, which have close, and often corrupt, relations with the Senrian government; Senrian capitalism is also notable for its emphasis on simultaneous recruitment of graduates, lifetime employment, seniority in promotions, and extreme working hours. While Senria's economy is generally strong, its growth has steadily slowed since the turn of the century; some areas of the country have struggled with deindustrialization as the Senrian service sector becomes increasingly important and manufacturing jobs are outsourced, and many analysts believe the country risks falling into the middle income trap. The difficulties associated with Senrian economic conditions, alongside endemic social and economic inequality, have led to the emergence of the so-called "Give-up Generation" among young Senrians.

Terraced rice paddies in western Simomoto Prefecture.

Senria's currency is the yen, which is among the most traded currencies in the foreign exchange market and a major reserve currency. Its central bank is the Bank of Senria, sometimes referred to as the Sengin for short.

Agriculture and fishery

The Senrian agricultural sector employs about 4 percent of the Senrian workforce and represents roughly 1.4% of the country's gross domestic product. Senrian agriculture is limited by the country's mountainous terrain and extreme urbanization, which limits the amount of land available for cultivation to only about 20% of Senria's land area; as a result, practices such as terracing, multicropping, intercropping, and intensive farming are used to maximize the output of what arable land Senria has. These practices mean that Senria has very high crop yields per unit area. For largely the same reasons, Senria's agricultural sector is heavily protected and subsidized.

Agriculture once dominated the Senrian economy; farming accounted for 80% of the country's employment in 1870, and between 45 and 50 percent of Senrian households made a living from farming in 1925. However, the economic importance of agriculture declined precipitously throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, with farming families largely turning to nonfarming activities or moving into the country's rapidly growing cities to seek higher-paying industrial jobs. This decline in family farming has seen a corresponding rise in factory farming by agribusinesses, though family farms continue to compose a majority of Senrian farms.

Staple crop production in Senria is dominated by rice, which represents a supermajority of the country's cereal production; other important cereal crops include soybeans, wheat, barley, and buckwheat. Senria is also a noteworthy producer of tea, sugar beets, cabbage, onions, peas, eggplants, adzuki beans, persimmons, tangerines, apples, cherries, plums, peaches, and melons. The raising of livestock is a relatively minor activity, on account both of the country's limited arable land and a traditional cultural aversion to animal slaughtering as "unclean", though these norms have largely broken down in the past 150 years. Poultry forms the bulk of Senria's non-fish meat production, followed by pork and beef.

Fishery and aquaculture are important to Senria both economically and culturally. Senria maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly a fifth of the global catch; freshwater fishing and aquaculture represents about 30% of the country's fishing industry, with saltwater fishing and aquaculture comprising the remainder. Important species of fish and shellfish caught or raised in Senria include tuna, salmon, mackerel, pollock, amberjack, sardines, clams, crabs, shrimp, squid, and octopi. Senria's fishing industry is internationally controversial; its scale has sparked concerns of overfishing, particularly of endangered species, and the continued practice of whaling has drawn the ire of environmentalist groups.

Mining and forestry

Mining is an insignificant sector of the Senrian economy, as the Senrian archipelago has very little in the way of mineral deposits. The country has some deposits of iron, copper, gold, and silver, as well as coal and oil, but none of these are particularly significant. Senria is, however, a leading producer of iodine, bismuth, sulfur, and gypsum. Surveying efforts suggest that the country's seabed could potentially contain large deposits of rare-earth elements and methane clathrate, though these deposits are not easily exploitable with current technology.

Chemical factories near the Tama Canal in eastern Tosei.

Senria's forestry sector is limited in size, even though much of the country is forested, on account of the country's rough terrain; forestry comprises only 0.04% of Senria's gross domestic product as of 2015. Nonetheless, Senrian tree farms grow a variety of trees for lumber, including cedar, cypress, spruce, and both red and black pine.

Industry

Industry accounts for 43.9% of Senria's gross domestic product and employs 33.6% of the Senrian workforce; the country's manufacturing output is one of the highest in the world. Senrian industry is concentrated in several locations, with the greater metropolitan areas of Keisi, Tosei, Isikawa, Ubeyama, Nisiyama, and Ukyou all serving as major industrial centers and strings of smaller industrial towns existing on the routes between these major cities. While efforts at industrialization began following the Keiou Restoration, it was ultimately during and after the Great War that the country industrialized, becoming a major industrial power during the postwar period; this industrial boom was the backbone of the Keizaikiseki, the country's postwar economic miracle.

Senrian industry is largely dependent on imported raw materials and fuels on account of Senria's limited mineral resources; it is also regarded as being particularly high-tech, making use of technologically advanced manufacturing techniques. In the past 20 years, an increasing number of Senrian industrial jobs - particularly low-skill jobs - have been outsourced as the country's service sector becomes increasingly prominent. Nonetheless, Senria's manufacturing and industrial sector remains large and highly diversified; key export industries include automobiles, computers, consumer electronics, semiconductors, machinery, metallurgy (particularly the refining of copper and the production of steel), chemicals, arms and armaments, shipbuilding, aerospace, pharmaceuticals, textiles and garments, and food processing.

Services and commerce

Senria's service industries are a major contributor to the national economy, representing 54.7% of the country's gross domestic product, and are the country's fastest-growing economic sector; the service sector as a whole now employs more than sixty percent of the Senrian workforce. Wholesale and retail trade are largely dominant in this area; however, Senria also has substantial advertising, data processing, information technology, real estate, and leisure industries. During the early and mid-20th centuries, these sectors - particularly retail - were largely dominated by small businesses, but globalization, rising land prices, and government collaboration with the keiretu resulted in the steady decline of these small businesses, with "waves" of consolidation occurring in the 1960s and 1980s-1990s. This tendency also intensified in the aftermath of the 2005 global economic crisis, which larger businesses weathered more successfully.

The Senrian financial sector is one of the country's largest and most profitable economic sectors. Keisi is Senria's financial center and one of the leading financial centers in southern Coius, rivalled only by Jindao; the Keisi Stock Exchange is among the largest stock exchanges in the world by market capitalization, listing more than 2,300 companies, and the Senkei Stock Average, or Senkei 300, is one of the most important stock market indices globally. Other major stock exchanges in Senria include the Tosei Stock Exchange, Isikawa Stock Exchange, Ueda Stock Exchange, and Ukyou Securities Exchange.

Senria's financial services sector encompasses several major banks, insurance companies, accounting companies, investment funds, brokerage firms, credit bureaus, holding companies, and foreign exchange companies. Senria's government charters and operates the country's central bank, the Bank of Senria, and the Senria Post Bank, which exist alongside several major private commercial banks.

The Senrian banking system is typically regarded as uniquely stable on account of the close ties between the country's major corporate conglomerates, which create a "support structure" that minimizes the risk of any member of the system going under through the joint management of liquidity and risk to assets or liabilities. However, some foreign analysts have cautioned that this risks creating a situation in which, should a severe economic crisis emerge, the entirety of the Senrian financial sector would function as a singular "too big to fail" entity, with potentially catastrophic consequences should it go under.

Infrastructure

Media and telecommunications

Senria has six major national daily newspapers - the Mainiti Sinbun, Tuusen Sinbun, Kokki Sinbun, Senkei Sinbun, Kyouwa Sinbun, and Senkan Sinbun. The Mainiti Sinbun and Tuusen Sinbun are typically classed as conservative, the Kokki Sinbun as right-wing nationalist, the Senkei Sinbun as economically liberal, and the Kyouwa Sinbun and Senkan Sinbun as center-left to left-wing. The Mainiti Sinbun is also typically considered to be Senria's newspaper of record. The country also has a variety of regional and local papers including the Keisi Sinbun, Tosei Sinbun, Nisisenryuu Sinbun, and Tousuu Sinbun. Foreign language newspapers published in Senria include the Estmerish-language Senria Daily Post & Senria Today and the Gaullican-language Courrier de Keisi. Magazines in Senria are typically divided between weekly magazines, or suukansi, and monthly magazines, or gekkansi; many Senrian newspaper companies also publish weekly or monthly newsmagazines. The most prominent foreign-language magazine published in Senria is La Senrie, which is published in both Gaullican and Estmerish and features a mixture of journalism, criticism, commentary, and fiction.

Senria's public broadcaster is the Senrian Broadcasting Corporation, more commonly referred to as SHK. SHK was founded in 1925 and currently operates three terrestrial television channels (SHK TV 1, SHK TV 2, and SHK Educational TV), two AM radio stations (SHK Radio 1 and SHK Radio 2), and one FM radio station (SHK Radio 3), as well as the SHK World Service for international audiences. Major private radio networks in Senria include the Senria Radio Network, Daisenryuu Broadcasting System, Radio Senkei, Senrian FM Radio System, and Keisi Interwave FM; major commercial television networks include the Senrian Television Broadcasting System, Senzou Network System, Zensenryuu TV, and TV Keisi Network. The Telegraph Agency of Senria is the country's primary wire service.

While the Senrian government ended the country's press censorship during the premiership of Kiyosi Haruna, resulting in a large increase in the number of news outlets operating in Senria, international watchdogs and non-profit organizations have alleged that Senrian press freedom suffers from close ties between the national government and many major media corporations; these bonds allow the government to influence the tone of the coverage provided by the corporations in question. As many important Senrian newspapers, magazines, television networks, and radio broadcasters are affiliated with each other or owned by the same parent companies, this allows the Senrian government to control how news is reported without having to implement any formal restrictions on the press. Senrian dissidents sometimes derisively refer to Senria's mass media (masukomi) as "mass garbage" (masugomi) as a result.

Use of social media is also widespread in Senria. The instant messaging application MelonTalk is widely utilized domestically; internationally, however, Senria's most successful social media services are the microblogging website Chirper, which operates in Senria under the name Berinetto, and the video-sharing and social networking application Pinpin, itself derived from the video-sharing platform Pinpin Douga. In addition, some major foreign social media services have also made footholds in the Senrian market.

Senria possesses one of the world's most advanced telecommunications networks, with advanced broadcasting, telephone, and internet infrastructure broadly available nationwide. As a result of its leading role in technological research and the manufacturing of consumer electronics, services such as mobile broadband were widely available in Senria earlier than most other countries. Cell phones are ubiquitous in Senria; 67% of the Senrian population owned a smartphone as of 2017, and the Senrian Department of Communications reported in 2013 that the number of mobile phones in Senria was larger than the country's total population. Penetration of Internet service in Senria was measured at 92% of households and 99% of businesses as of 2019.

Under Senrian law, the government is required to own one-third of the shares in the Senrian Telegraph & Telephone Corporation and Senria Post Holdings Company, both of which were originally statutory companies turned into "private companies in public ownership" in the 1980s, in order to guarantee steady provision of their services to the general public.

Transportation

As of 2017, Senria had approximately 1,883,250 kilometers (1,170,200 miles) of roads, composed of roughly 1,584,100 kilometers (984,300 miles) of municipal roads, 201,800 kilometers (125,400 miles) of prefectural roads, 84,850 kilometers (52,700 miles) of national highways, and 12,500 kilometers (7,750 miles) of national toll expressways. Just over 90% of Senria's roadways are paved as of 2020. Much of the country's modern road network was constructed during the 1950s and 1960s, when the Senrian government adopted a series of plans aimed at expanding and paving the country's road network, or during the 1980s, when both road passenger and freight transport expanded dramatically. Municipal and prefectural roads are managed by local authorities; the country's highway system is managed by the national government, while the country's expressways are managed by the Zensenryuu Expressway Corporation, a state-owned enterprise originally founded as a public corporation in the 1950s before being privatized in the 1980s. The expressway networks of the islands of Kousuu, Kisima, Kanasima, Tousuu, and Yuusuu are connected by bridges; Gyousuu has a separate network, and Rousima, Narazima, and Kurosima have one expressway each. The Senrian government maintains a series of designated rest areas known as roadside stations alongside highways and prefectural roads, in order to provide travelers with a place to rest and to promote local tourism.

A 700-series sinkansen train passing through Tosei.

Though the relative share of railways in total passenger kilometers has fallen since the 1980s, rail remains a crucial means of passenger transport in Senria, particularly for mass transit, commuting, and high-speed travel. It is not nearly as important for freight, however; in 2017, only 6.2% of Senrian freight was transported by rail. The country has 42,132 kilometers (26,179 miles) of railway as of 2021, the large majority of which is narrow gauge, though a noteworthy proportion - particularly in newer sections of the country's rail network - is standard gauge. The Senrian railway network connects all four main islands of the Senrian archipelago through a series of bridges and tunnels. The country's primary rail operator is the Senria Railways Company (or SR), a state-owned company which operates almost all intercity rail services, though several private rail companies also exist and compete with SR on either the local or national level. Senria was a pioneer of high-speed rail, with the first of the country's famous sinkansen lines opening in 1964; these lines now run along roughly 3,700 kilometers (2,300 miles) of track and can run trains at up to 320 km/h (200 mph).

Senria also has several subway networks that operate in addition to its main rail lines. The largest of these is the Keisi Metro, which is among the largest systems in the world by annual ridership. Other Senrian cities with subway systems include Ubeyama, Isikawa, Tosei, Nisiyama, Kasaoka, Ueda, Koriyama, Hisakawa, Ukyou, and Sakata. Additionally, several Senrian cities operate commuter rail, automated guideway transit, or tramway systems. Most Senrian cities operate municipal bus networks as part of their public transit systems; intercity bus services are offered by the SR Bus Company, a subsidiary of Senria Railways, and by several private operators.

Senria has long been a seafaring country on account of its status as an island nation, and waterborne transport remains important in Senria. The country had 1,011 designated ports as of 2014; of these, twenty-four were designated as "major international ports" by the Senrian government, with another 127 designated as "important ports". The Senrian merchant marine has 996 ships of over 1,000 gross tonnage on its register, totalling 38,361,000 tons deadweight; however, only 18% of Senrian-owned capacity was registered in Senria as of 2008. An extensive network of ferries connect the various islands of the Senrian archipelago to each other; while the overall importance of ferry services has declined with the expansion of Senria's road and rail systems, they nonetheless remain important, particularly for transit to and from smaller islands. Additionally, the country has 1,973 kilometers (1,225 miles) of navigable waterways, though their use tends to be restricted to small craft.

An aerial photograph of Kinkeidou International Airport.

There were 180 airports, of which 144 had paved runways, and 16 heliports in Senria as of 2013. The country's main international gateways are the Kinkeidou, Tosei Kaizuka, Isikawa Katori, Nisiyama Sannomiya, and Ukyou Kitamati international airports; other air traffic hubs include the Keisi Namegawa, New Ueda, Sakata Kurume, and Ubeyama Kunitomi airports. Senria's largest airline and flag carrier is Pan-Senrian Airlines, originally founded in 1926; Pan-Senrian also operates the commuter airline Senria Express Airlines and the low-cost carrier Skyhawk Airways. Other Senrian passenger lines include Austral Air Services, Startiger Airlines, New Senria Airways, and Air Forward. The country's largest cargo airline is Daisenryuu Cargo Airlines.

Energy

Senria's primary electric utility is the National Electric Power Company, or Kokuden, which is responsible for 93% of Senria's electricity generation either directly or through subsidiaries; consumers do have a choice of electricity retailer. Senria lacks a substantial domestic supply of fossil fuels, and relies heavily on imported energy resources; the nation is one of the world's largest importers of coal, oil, and natural gas. This dependence on imports makes electricity comparatively expensive in Senria.

In 2019, fossil fuels supplied 86.7% of Senrian energy needs, with coal representing 24.6% of total energy consumption, oil 38.8%, and natural gas 20.7%. The contribution of coal to Senrian energy generation has steadily fallen since the mid-20th century, when it represented more than half of Senrian energy production, with oil overtaking it by 1988 and natural gas becoming steadily more prominent in the last two decades. Another 8.4% of Senrian energy consumption comes from nuclear power, with the remaining 7.5% of energy consumption coming from renewable sources. The country's primary renewable energy source is hydroelectricity, which represents just over half of the country's renewable energy production; the remainder of the country's renewable electricity generation comes in the form of solar, wind, and geothermal power. While Senria's hydroelectric potential is considered to be almost fully developed, experts have estimated that Senria's wind and geothermal potential in particular are sorely underutilized and could be expanded, though there have been few major efforts in this direction. In 2014, the government of Hayato Nisimura announced plans to construct experimental tidal and wave power facilities; the first of these test facilities, located on the island of Kaedezima, began operations in February 2021.

The "floating torii" at Ounosima-zinza is popular with domestic and foreign tourists.

Tourism

As of 2018, travel and tourist revenues comprised roughly 9.5% of Senria's gross domestic product. Senria's extensive road, rail, and air transport networks make travel within Senria cheap, quick, and efficient, and domestic tourism has flourished in the country as a result; there were 687 million domestic travelers in Senria as of 2016, and travel to famous historic and scenic locations within the country has become ingrained in contemporary Senrian culture. 33.1 million foreign tourists arrived in Senria as of 2019, up from 31.4 million in 2018, and the Senrian government has set a target of attracting 45 million international tourists annually by 2025. Many foreign tourists to Senria come from other Coian countries; however, the country also receives a substantial number of tourists from countries in Euclea and the Asterias.

Tourism for the purposes of leisure or recreation is common, particularly among domestic tourists, though many foreign tourists also come in order to take advantage of the opportunities for hiking, skiing, and sailing provided by Senria's natural geography. Cultural tourism is also popular, with foreign tourists coming to Senria to experience its unique culture and domestic tourists travelling to other parts of the country to experience the meisan, or regional specialties, of those areas. International cultural tourism to Senria has been greatly strengthened by the Senrian Wave phenomenon, which has seen the global stature and popularity of Senrian culture increase since the 1980s. While Keisi is the principal tourist destination for international visitors, Senria offers a variety of destinations and attractions across the whole breadth of the country, and many Senrian prefectures and municipalities have begun their own campaigns to attract international tourism. Senria's systems for the preservation of cultural properties and national parks have allowed for areas of natural beauty, works of art, cultural traditions, and historic sites to be preserved while simultaneously being made open to tourism.

Science and technology

Modern Senria is a leader in scientific research, particularly in the fields of mathematics, engineering, electronics, robotics, medicine, and biotechnology. Senria's national research and development budget is among the largest in the world, and the country has one of the highest number of researchers in science and technology per capita as of 2017. The Senrian government operates and funds a series of major scientific research centers, the most prominent of which is the country's space agency, the Senrian Aerospace Research Agency (or SARA). The element senrium, first synthesized in 2003 by researchers in Arakawa, Nisiyama Prefecture, is named after the country.

Famous Senrian scientists and inventors include Eisen Edamura, first to chemically synthesize ephedrine and methamphetamine; Yasunari Nisida, first to isolate adrenaline; Yosiya Tanayama, first to isolate thiamine; Kazuhiro Huruhata, who invented the Huruhata process for nitrogen fixation; Iemon Kameda, inventor of monosodium glutamate; Daisaku Uekawa, first to describe the Uekawa effect; Sakutarou Hirota, creator of the Hirota scale for measuring tornado intensity; Iwao Ouka, developer of Ouka calculus; Asao Hamayotu, developer of pulse oximetry; Munetosi Sugioka, first to describe dementia with Lewy bodies; and Heisuke Tigusa, inventor of the PIN diode and laser diode. Other prominent or noteworthy Senrian inventions include the camera phone, canned coffee, CD players, electric rice cookers, flash memory, the handheld game console, instant noodles, laptops, LCD televisions, the microprocessor, tactile paving, the VCR, QR codes, and quartz wristwatches.

Demographics

A Senrian wedding party in a mixture of traditional and modern garb.

Senria has a population of 258.75 million as of 2015, making it the second-largest country in both Coius and the world in terms of population, behind only its neighbor Shangea. Senria's population density is 424.78 people per square kilometer (1,100.2/sq mi). However, in practical terms, the high concentration of the Senrian population in the limited regions (roughly 35%) of the country which is suitable for human settlement makes the country's de facto population density much higher. The country is heavily urbanized; 92% of the Senrian population lived in urban areas as of 2015, up from 91.2% in 2010.

The average life expectancy in Senria is 77.7 years. While a consistently pronatalist policy aimed at incentivizing births has historically bolstered the country's population growth rate, increasing participation of women in the workforce, a rising average age at first marriage, and the Give-up Generation phenomenon have caused Senria's population growth and total fertility rates to steadily fall over the past several decades as Senria progresses along the demographic transition; statistics collated by the Community of Nations in 2017 placed the country's population growth rate at 0.44%, down from 0.49% in 2012, and the country's total fertility rate fell from 3.4 in 1950 to 2.1 in 1970 to 1.4 in 2020.

The Senrian government collects census data every ten years; censuses are conducted by the country's Statistics Bureau, which is a part of the Ministry of Personnel. Under the post-Keiou Restoration Empire of Senria, the Senrian census was conducted every five years between 1870 and 1915; however, the Senrian Revolution prevented the carrying-out of the 1920 census. The early Senrian Republic attempted to maintain the five-year structure, carrying out a census in 1925, but any 1930 census was made impossible by the partial occupation of Senria by Shangea during the Great War. Following the end of the Great War, it was decided to change the interval between censuses from five years to ten beginning with the 1935 census. The country's most recent census took place in 2015.

Ethnicity

Senria's Statistics Bureau does not collect information on ethnicity, only on nationality. This makes it difficult to obtain exact numbers on ethnicity, as it means that Senrian citizens who are not ethnically Senrian (like ethnic minorities and naturalized persons) are classified as Senrian, while ethnic Senrians with foreign citizenship are classed by their nationality. The 2015 census found that 98.1% of legal residents in Senria were Senrian citizens, with the remaining 1.9% being foreign nationals; a 2019 Community of Nations report placed these numbers at 97.8% and 2.2%, respectively. The number of foreign nationals in Senria has increased in the past half-century as a result of the country's rising affluence, which has attracted immigrants and temporary workers from other parts of Coius and from the Senrian diaspora. It is expected it will continue to grow as the country's slowing population growth rate increasingly necessitates foreign labor; in recent years the Senrian government has begun to relax the country's immigration laws, particularly those for foreign professionals and skilled workers.

Ethnic Isotamans performing a traditional dance.

Estimates of Senria's ethnic demographics show the country to be relatively ethnically homogeneous. Ethnic Senrians of Senrian nationality represent roughly 95.86% of the population, or 248.04 million people, as of 2019, and are easily the country's predominant ethnic group. The modern Senrian people are believed by most geneticists, archaeologists, and anthropologists to be the descendants of both the Seidou people and Sugawara people through miscegenation between the groups after the latter group migrated to the Senrian archipelago in ~1,000 BCE. There is also a large Senrian diaspora, composed of roughly 7.6 million individuals of Senrian origin or descent living elsewhere in Coius, in Euclea, or in the Asterias.

The Isotaman people make up approximately 1.18% of the Senrian population, or 3.05 million people, and are the country's largest ethnolinguistic minority. The Isotamans are the predominant population group in the Isotama Islands and, while they are of the same origin as ethnic Senrians, have their own culture, language, and religion which are distinct from their Senrian equivalents. In spite of this, the Senrian government does not officially recognize them as a minority group, instead considering them to be a subgroup of the Senrian people. Isotamans have historically had to oppose efforts at assimilation and land expropriation, and reports by international human rights groups have found that Isotamans living elsewhere in Senria continue to face discrimination in many areas.

Two other noteworthy ethnolinguistic minorities in Senria are the Esamankur and Cotratic peoples, who are the indigenous populations of western Senria. The Esamankur people represent about 0.64% of Senria's population, or 1.65 million people, and live primarily on the islands of Gyousuu, Kaedezima, and the Hibotu Islands; the Cotratics represent about 0.12% of the country's population, or 310 thousand people, and live primarily on the islands of Kisima and Rousima. Both groups are believed to be descended from the Seidou people, but speak unrelated language isolates, suggesting that the Seidou people were themselves more heterogeneous than previously thought. Senria also has a small population of ethnic Shangeans who make up the indigenous population of the Sunahama Islands, having descended from Shangean settlers who arrived in the archipelago in the 17th and 18th centuries; this population has strong resentment towards the Senrian government as a result of Senria's military presence and weapons testing in the Sunahamas, and has faced discrimination and surveillance as a result of fears that they could serve as a fifth column in a Senro-Shangean conflict.

The eastern gate of Simada's Shangeatown at night.

Most foreign nationals in Senria come from other countries in Coius. Senria has noteworthy populations of Ansenes, Kuthines, Rajyanis, Arthanis, and Duranians as a result of these countries' close diplomatic ties with Senria through organizations such as SAMSO and the BCO. There are also Shangean and Siamati communities in Senria; Senria's Shangean community consists of a mixture of ethnic Shangeans, ethnic Senrians of Shangean origin, and Chanwans, while the Siamati community is dominated by ethnic Senrians of Siamati origin. Some southeast Coians and Bahians live in Senria, though these populations are small.

There are substantial communities from many Asterian countries, particularly the countries of Asteria Inferior, in Senria; these communities consist overwhelmingly of dekasegi, or ethnic Senrians from the Asterias who have travelled to Senria in the hopes of finding work, taking advantage of provisions of Senrian immigration law that make it easier for ethnic Senrians living outside Senria to obtain work visas and residency permits. Tensions exist between the dekasegi community and native Senrians; native Senrians often disdain dekasegi for their inability to "act Senrian", while dekasegi often resent being made to do dangerous, difficult, or unpleasant jobs that native Senrians do not want to fill. Most non-dekasegi Asterians living in Senria are expatriate professionals and their families. Senria has no substantial Euclean communities, though minor Estmerish, Weranian, Gaullican, Etrurian, and Soravian communities exist, again largely composed of expatriate professionals and their relatives.

In addition to the country's ethnic minorities, Senria also has a major social minority group, the burakumin, who are believed to represent 2% to 4% of the Senrian population. The burakumin were a hereditary untouchable group in Senria's pre-modern caste system consisting of those whose work was considered ritually impure due to its proximity to death, such as butchers, tanners, undertakers, and executioners. As a result, burakumin were historically targeted by state-mandated ostracism and discrimination. The Senrian caste system was formally abolished with the Senrian Revolution, and several efforts to integrate the burakumin into broader Senrian society were made by Katurou Imahara and, later, by Kiyosi Haruna, who was himself born into a burakumin family; in spite of this, burakumin continue to face societal stigmatization, and have lower educational attainment and socioeconomic status than other ethnic Senrians.

Religion in Senria
Religion percent
Tenkyou
69.4%
Zohism
62.6%
Badi
28.9%
Sotirian
4.2%
Irreligious
2.3%
Sinsuukyou
2.1%
Other/not stated
0.3%
Total adherents exceeds 100% because many Senrians
practice some combination of Tenkyou, Zohism,
and/or Badi simultaneously.

Religion

Clear data on religious affiliation in Senria can be difficult to obtain, on account of the diffusive and highly syncretistic nature of Senrian religion, the eclectic and often personalized nature of spirituality within the country, the historic lack of religious affiliation as a concept in Senrian culture, and the tendency of some Senrians to identify as "without religion" not as a means of signifying irreligion but rather "normal religiosity" as opposed to zealotry or sectarianism.

Tenkyou, a polytheistic and animistic or pantheistic religion focused upon righteous living and the worship of kami as a means of balancing a vital force known as ki, is Senria's indigenous religion. 69.4% of Senrians, or 179.57 million people, identified Tenkyou as their religion in the country's 2015 census; however, data from 2018 found that as much as 94% of the Senrian population participated in some selection of Tenkyou rituals, whether at private altars, public shrines, or religious festivals. Given Tenkyou's diffusive nature, the term encompasses everything from the "official" version of the religion promulgated by leading shrines and seminaries to the folk practice of the faith, which varies from region to region. Tenkyou shrines are overseen by the World Association of Tenkyou Shrines, which manages more than 100,000 shrines in Senria.

Tenkyou has syncretized particularly heavily with Zohism, which is the second most common faith in Senria; in 2015, 62.6% of Senrians, or 161.98 million people, identified themselves as Zohist, and survey data suggests that 55% to 60% of the Senrian population has a Zohist altar in their home. Zohism arrived in Senria in the 500s CE, and was well-established by the 600s CE, with Senrian monarchs officially taking up patronage of Zohist temples and monasteries. Most Senrian Zohists belong to the Theuku school; several subsets of the Theuku school exist in Senria, including multiple sects which emerged within Senria. Zohism has had a major influence on many areas of Senrian culture, including architecture, poetry, and philosophy; this Zohist influence is sometimes itself mixed with elements of Taoshi, which arrived in Senria alongside Zohism, particularly in areas of philosophy and law.

The use of Kinryuuzan-zi by three faiths is often used as an example of Senrian religious syncretism.

Syncretism also exists between Tenkyou and Badi. 28.9% of Senrians, or 74.78 million people, identified themselves as Badist; this makes Senria the country with the largest Badi population in the world. Badi arrived in Senria in the 1000s; it generally did not receive the same official patronage that Tenkyou and Zohism did, though it received enough to firmly establish itself within the archipelago. The preeminent elements in Senrian Badi are Water and Salt, though worship of the elements of Earth, Animal life, and Plant life can also be found, particularly in rural areas. As with Zohism, Badi has played an important role in shaping Senrian art and philosophy.

The vast majority of Senrian practicioners of Zohism or Badi practice those religions alongside Tenkyou; many Senrians practice some combination of all three simultaneously, a hallmark of the country's tendency towards religious syncretism, and it is common in Senria to refer to the three collectively as the "three teachings". The mixture of elements of religious architecture, theology, and philosophy from Tenkyou, Zohism, and Badi is relatively common. Furthermore, some religious sites are used simultaneously by two or three of these religious traditions; famously, Kinryuuzan-zi functions simultaneously as a Tenkyou shrine, Zohist monastery, and Badi temple.

The Senrian Empire made efforts to "separate" Tenkyou from Zohism and Badi, and to limit religious syncretism while favoring what has been referred to as "State Tenkyou", following the Keiou Restoration; these efforts saw many Zohist or Badi temples which were attached to Tenkyou shrines closed or relocated, but were ineffective in preventing the public from participating in syncretistic rituals and practicing multiple faiths, and were ended with the abolition of the Senrian monarchy and the establishment of the Republic of Senria in 1923.

Our Lady of Mercy Cathedral is the main Catholic cathedral in Senria.

4.2% of Senria's population, or 10.87 million people, practice some form of Sotirianity. Sotirianity was first introduced to Senria in the 1500s by Luzelese and Hennish merchants, who brought Solarian Catholicism and Amendism respectively; Sotirian efforts at proselytism were often met with hostility by locals and Senrian authorities, and missionaries and converts were targeted by periodic violence and bans on the religion until the 1800s, when the threat of Euclean intervention forced the Senrian government to suppress anti-Sotirian activity, allowing for an expansion of missionary efforts. Senrian Sotirianity is roughly equally divided between Catholics and Amendists, with small Episemialist, Brethren, restorationist, and nondenominational communities representing the remainder of the country's Sotirian population. While many Senrians continue to regard Sotirianity as a foreign religion, certain customs of Sotirian origin - most notably the celebration of Nativity - have become important secular cultural traditions in Senria.

Senria is home to several new religious movements, collectively referred to as sinsuukyou (literally "new religions"). Collectively, the practicioners of sinsuukyou groups represent 2.1% of the Senrian population, or 5.43 million people. The first of these new religions began to appear following the Keiou Restoration, but they have particularly proliferated since the end of the Great War. These religions typically draw aspects from some combination of Tenkyou, Zohism, Badi, and Sotirianity, and many are salvationist or messianic in character. Sinsuukyou movements are often regarded with suspicion by many Senrians, who perceive them as eccentric, controversial, or cultlike. Most sinsuukyou groups are found only in Senria, though some have successfully expanded to other parts of the world.

Several other religious traditions have minor presences in Senria, largely brought over by migrant populations. 2.3% of Senrians defined themselves as irreligious in 2015, encompassing atheists, agnostics, non-practicioners, and individuals who participate in cultural religious rituals but do not consider themselves active believers. Senria's indigenous ethnic minorities have their own religious traditions - Isotama Shinkō, Esamankur religion, and Cotratic shamanism, respectively - which have syncretized to varying degrees with Tenkyou and are usually regarded as forms of Tenkyou by the Senrian government. These religions have seen a revival in recent decades as part of broader efforts by the Isotamans, Esamankur, and Cotratics to assert their cultural distinctiveness and express pride in their unique traditions in the face of government non-recognition and efforts at assimilation.

The Constitution of Senria guarantees full freedom of religion for all persons within the country and the free operation of religious institutions. While Senria's constitution nominally establishes the country as a secular state lacking a state religion, post-Great War Senrian governments have sometimes been accused of showing favoritism towards Tenkyou, giving Tenkyou shrines financial and other support to a disproportionate degree. The Senrian government, in response to these accusations, has insisted its support is due to the role of Tenkyou shrines as cultural institutions, highlighted its support for non-Tenkyou religious bodies, and alleged that claims of disproportionality are based upon misleading or cherrypicked data.

Education

The basic model of the modern Senrian education system was first implemented in 1873, following the Keiou Restoration, and the underlying framework has remained broadly the same since then in spite of the country's political changes. This educational system begins with preschool for children under the age of three and kindergarten for children under the age of six; this pre-primary education is optional, but has steadily proliferated in Senria due to the increasing prevalence of the nuclear family with both parents actively working and due to the feeling that a preschool education will give children an edge in later educational competition. Children then attend an elementary school until age 12 and a middle school until age 15; these are compulsory for all children. High school, which lasts until age 18, is not legally compulsory; however, the overwhelming majority of middle school students - 94% as of 2010 - do subsequently enroll in high school. Students take a matriculation exam, the National Scholastic Ability Test, at the end of high school; this also functions as an entrance exam for Senrian universities.

The University of Keisi is considered Senria's most prestigious university.

Most Senrian students attend public schools for their primary and secondary education; however, private schools also exist. Furthermore, Senria's education system places great emphasis on extracurricular academic activity; private institutions known as zuku, sometimes translated as "cram schools", provide tutoring in both academic & nonacademic fields and exam preparation in exchange for a set fee, and many students take mock exams. Zuku and other forms of "shadow education" are widely used in Senria; a 2012 study found that 86% of Senrian students with college plans used at least one form of shadow education, with 60% participating in two or more.

Senrian students have several options in the area of tertiary and postgraduate education. Many students attend one of the country's 820 universities; 146 of these universities are public institutions operated by the national or prefectural governments, with the remainder being private universities. Many leading Senrian universities - such as the University of Keisi, Keisi Gakuin University, University of Tosei, Tosei Institute of Technology, Yuusuu University, Haneda University, and Nisiyama University - are among the best-rated universities in Coius; the University of Keisi and University of Tosei in particular are regarded as among the best universities in the world. Students pursuing medical education can either attend a university's medical school or a specialized, independent medical college. Alternatively, students can attend one of the country's national academies, aimed primarily at training government employees; the most famous of these is the Tokiyori National Military Academy, but several other national academies offering specialized studies in a variety of fields - including engineering, nursing, meteorology, agronomy, and public administration - exist. Upon graduating from a university or national academy, students obtain a bachelor's degree and can subsequently pursue a master's degree or doctorate. Students may also choose to attend a community college or vocational school, or an institution known as a college of technology if they did not attend high school, in order to obtain an associate degree.

The Senrian school year is divided into trimesters; roughly speaking, the first of these lasts from September to December, the second from February to May, and the third from June to August. Each trimester is separated by a period of vacation - a week of vacation between the second & third terms and the third & first terms, and roughly 40 days between the first & second terms. The curriculum for public primary and secondary schools is set by the national government; however, schools are organized and supervised at the prefectural or municipal level.

International student assessment programs coordinated by the AEDC rank the knowledge and skills of Senrian students as among the best in the world; Senria is one of the top-performing AEDC members in literacy, mathematics, and science, and has one of the world's best-educated labor forces. As of 2017, 51% of Senrians between ages 25 and 64 have completed some form of tertiary education; among 25-to-34 year olds, this number climbs to 62%. Senria is also an attractive country for international education; 40 to 60 international schools were operating in the country as of 2016, and the country is home to several international universities, including the International University of Senria, Keisi University of Foreign Studies, and University of the Community of Nations.

While Senria's education system has been highly praised, it has also been highly criticized. Senrian students are faced with extreme pressure from parents, teachers, peers, and society to excel academically, with students regularly expected to sacrifice free time in favor of studying; this pressure has been linked to worsened mental and physical health, nervous breakdowns, bullying, school violence, cheating, and even suicide. The nature of Senria's education system, with its emphasis on passing exams in order to obtain admission to prestigious institutions, has been linked to academic elitism. The Senrian education system has been further accused of dehumanizing students and failing to foster independent, artistic, or creative thinking. The needs of children with disabilities have also largely been ignored; serious efforts at building a special education program for these students did not begin until 2006, during the premiership of Sigesato Izumi. Senrian history curricula have been accused of propagandizing and whitewashing the country's past, and minority groups such as the Isotamans, Esamankur, and Cotratics have long accused the Senrian government of using the national education system to suppress their languages and identities.

Healthcare

Senria has a universal healthcare system consisting primarily of two programs, National Health Insurance and the National Healthcare Organization. NHI is a form of statutory health insurance, available to all Senrian citizens and permanent residents, which is administered jointly by national and local governments and helps cover the cost of medical treatment; generally speaking, NHI will cover 70% of medical costs with the patient expected to cover 30%, though a variety of factors - most notably the patient's age and family income - can change the exact percentages, or see the government cover the entire cost. Senrian citizens may also obtain insurance through their employers or through private insurers if they so choose. The NHO, meanwhile, operates a network of hospitals, clinics, and public health centers providing a wide variety of healthcare services for low, fixed prices, with emphasis on ease of access. The NHO also manages efforts at protecting public health more broadly; while pricing and certain policies are set by the national government, the actual organization, maintenance, and supervision of NHO hospitals and public health centers occurs at the prefectural and municipal levels. Private hospitals can also be found in Senria, but are generally more expensive.

Traditional medicine - including the practices of herbalism, acupuncture, massage, and other folk remedies - has retained a presence in Senria into the modern period; however, its use has continuously declined since the 1870s and, for the vast majority of Senrians, it plays a subsidiary role to modern medicine and pharmaceuticals, if any role at all. Additionally, Senrian law requires that traditional herbalists also be licensed medical doctors and that herbal remedies be made using government-approved ratios and instructions, with the goal of "professionalizing" traditional medicine and protecting the public from health fraud.

As of 2020, Senria had 2.6 doctors and 11.8 nurses per 1,000 inhabitants; the country had 13.1 hospital beds per 1,000 inhabitants in 2018, the highest in the world. Senrians visit a doctor fourteen times a year, according to 2009 survey data, and the average Senrian life expectancy has steadily risen throughout the past several decades. Senrian outcomes in the treatment of physical health are competitive with those of Euclea and Asteria Superior; treatment of mental health is comparatively lackluster, however, in spite of several attempts at reform. Advanced medical facilities and equipment are generally available across much of the country, with the NHI and NHO making access to treatment accessible in both urban and rural areas. However, this access is sometimes abused; a 2014 report by the Department of Health and Welfare found that some Senrians with minor illnesses or injuries went to emergency departments instead of seeking more appropriate primary care, making it harder for hospitals to treat those who need treatment more urgently.

While Senrians are generally considered to be among the healthiest people in the world, the country does have several public health issues. Senria has one of the world's highest rates of suicide, driven by a variety of factors; inadequate mental health services, particularly for depressive disorders, are believed to be one of the leading factors in the prevalence of suicide in Senria. Widespread consumption of tobacco and alcohol have also had serious consequences, in the forms of chronic respiratory diseases, cancer, and alcoholism. While obesity rates in the country have remained significantly lower than those in much of the rest of the world, they have steadily risen nonetheless, climbing from 1.6% in 2000 to 4.8% in 2016. Widespread environmental degradation and pollution since the 1970s has caused further problems with both chronic and acute illness, most infamously the Six Big Man-made Diseases in the 1950s-1970s; nowadays, though, the most prevalent example of this are the respiratory issues caused by smog.

Culture

The core of modern Senrian culture derives from the traditions that emerged from the synthesis of the Seidou and Sugawara peoples, shaped in the centuries since both by its own domestic evolution and by a variety of external influences from across the world, creating a unique cultural identity which is simultaneously varied and coherent. These external influences include extensive influence from other Coian cultures, most notably that of Shangea, as well as more recent influences from Euclea and the Asterias. While Senria's culture has changed greatly over the centuries, especially as a result of the societal and technological changes of the modern era, the continuity at its ancient core makes it one of the oldest continuous cultures in the world.

Senria has developed a strong system for the preservation and promotion of its cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible; the national list of cultural properties contains buildings, works of art, folk rituals, craft techniques, monuments, and natural landscapes, among other things, deemed worthy of or requiring protection by the government; in addition to the national list, all Senrian prefectures and many Senrian municipalities maintain their own lists of cultural properties. The country is home to several COMDECS World Heritage Sites. Senrian culture is also one of the most influential cultures globally; the emergence of the Senrian Wave phenomenon in the 1980s has seen Senrian culture - particularly Senrian popular culture - become popular across much of the world, transforming Senria into a global exporter of culture. This international reach is an important facet of the country's soft power, with the Senrian government actively supporting the country's creative industries through subsidies and similar measures.

Art

Senria's artistic tradition comprises a litany of media and artistic movements.

Senrian art covers a vast range of styles and media, including painting, woodblock printing, calligraphy, pottery and porcelain, lacquerware, sculpture, weaving and dyeing, papermaking, origami, methods of plant cultivation and arrangement such as bonsai and ikebana, and more contemporary forms such as manga. Uniting these numerous forms of artistic expression are a set of aesthetic ideals such as miyabi (elegance and refinement), wabi-sabi (acceptance of transience and imperfection), sibui (superficial simplicity balanced with subtle complexity), iki (the impression of spontaneity), and yuugen (profound subtlety and allusion).

The earliest artefacts of the Senrian artistic tradition come from the Seidou period in the form of cord-marked pottery, often lavishly decorated, and earthenware figurines known as doguu. Bronze bells known as doutaku are commonly considered emblematic of the subsequent Sugawara period, which saw silk making, glass making, and bronzeworking first appear in Senria, as well as improved methods for making pottery, textiles, and lacquerware. Common throughout early Senrian history, beginning in the late Seidou period and continuing until the end of the Sunzuu period, are comma-shaped beads known as magatama; early magatama were typically made of stone in earlier periods, eventually being made almost exclusively out of jade. Many surviving artifacts from the Sunzuu period were originally intended as funerary objects, interred in tumuli known as kohun; objects commonly found in kohun include magatama, unglazed pottery, bronze mirrors and weapons, and terracotta statues known as haniwa. Some kohun also contain painted murals depicting both geometric and figurative forms.

The Kaihou and Kingen periods, together stretching from the 6th century to the 11th century, saw a flourishing of the arts and were a seminal period for Senrian culture, with the works and techniques of the period extolled as foundational into the present day. The Senryuu-e style of painting, used to decorate sliding doors, folding screens, hanging scrolls, and handscrolls, emerged in the Kaihou period and reached its peak during the Kingen period; Senryuu-e works included depictions of landscapes, religious themes, courtly life, and historical events. Alongside the importation of Shangean characters came Shangean calligraphy, which in turn inspired unique styles of Senrian calligraphy. Also imported from Shangea was the sancai glazing technique, though most Senrian pottery of the period continued to utilize a simple green glaze. Senrian sculpture of the Kaihou period typically had delicate features, naturalistic drapery, and an air of reverie & aloofness, where those of the Kingen period typically had thick limbs, brooding expressions, and heavily-carved drapery. The maki-e lacquer decoration technique also emerged in Senria during this period.

While the Zakkoku and Tigoku periods are commonly regarded as a "low point" for Senrian art, they saw several important artistic developments. Ink wash painting was brought to the country from Shangea. This renewed Shangean influence in turn diverged into two distinct schools of painting - the Hori school, which emphasized bright colors and firm outlines, and the Kanehara school, known for its closer adherence to the monochrome tendencies of Shangean ink painting. Shangean Jian ware, meanwhile, inspired the tenmoku style of pottery and porcelain in Senria, and Shangean carved lacquer inspired Tanigawa-bori, which used different techniques (carving wood and then applying lacquer, rather than carving the lacquer itself) to achieve a similar effect. The period is most famous, however, as a renaissance for Senrian sculpture; the Kei school emphasized realism and the expression of movement and emotion, and produced several masterworks of religious sculpture.

Another flourishing of Senrian art came with the Suikoku period, which lasted from the 1600s to the mid-1800s. Several schools of painting - including the Sakata, Maezuka, Nanga, and Oukawara schools - emerged during this period, as did the koukoku-mozi lettering styles. Ukiyo-e, a genre of painting and woodblock printing known for its use of vivid color now considered emblematic of Senrian visual art, also emerged and flourished during this period. Less famous but widely circulated domestically were woodblock-printed illustrated books covering topics from travel to cooking to fiction to satire. Senrian ceramics also thrived; Senrian export porcelain, known for its high quality and stylistic variety (ranging from blue and white pottery to elaborate polychromatic overglazed enamelling), became highly desired among Euclean elites. Domestically, lacquered holding cases known as inrou and ornate miniature sculptures known as netuke became important fashion items, with a thriving industry developing around their production.

Senrian art continued to flourish throughout the Kaisei period; however, it changed substantially as a result of the country's efforts at modernization. Throughout the later half of the 19th century, Senria's government emphasized Euclean art, particularly realism; the hokuga (literally "Northern painting") style of painting was officially promoted, and Euclean-style sculpture was produced with Senrian alloys and lacquer techniques. At the same time, Senrian aesthetics - particularly those of the Suikoku period - played an important role in shaping contemporaneous Euclean art, a trend known as Senrisme. Within Senria, efforts to promote mainstream Euclean art met a mixed reception; while some artists adopted such Euclean styles unequivocally, others sought a revival of traditional styles or a synthesis of Euclean styles (particularly romanticism and pre-Raphaelism) with Senrian aesthetics, resulting in the Senryuuga movement, while others adopted more transgressive modernist styles such as impressionism, post-impressionism, fauvism, and cubism. During the 1900s and 1910s, the imperial government switched from favoring hokuga to favoring Senryuuga.

Sekigawa-zinza has the world's oldest extant wooden building.

The deposition of the monarchy in the Senrian Revolution saw a wild flourishing of modern art during the early years of the Senrian Republic. While Aikokutou governments have frequently favored more "traditionally Senrian" styles of art, Senria has nonetheless developed thriving scenes for modern and contemporary art; the country had a prominent Neo-Dada movement in the 1960s and is the birthplace of the postmodern Superflat movement, which draws inspiration from the style used by Senrian comics and graphic novels, known as manga.

Architecture

Traditional Senrian architecture is typified by the widespread use of wood, aversion to stone except in building foundations, elevation of buildings slightly off the ground, large hip-and-gable roofs with curved gables and eaves, use of the post and lintel system, woven flooring mats known as tatami, and the use of sliding partitions such as husuma and souzi. These unique features, shaped by local materials, aesthetic principles, and concerns, coexist alongside architectural and aesthetic choices found in other south Coian countries.

The pit dwellings of the Seidou period, raised-floor granaries and rammed earth fortifications known as tasi of the Sugawara period, and kohun burial mounds of the Sunzuu period serve as some of the earliest examples of Senrian architecture. Shangean architecture was brought to Senria, and adapted to Senrian needs and tastes, during the Kaihou and Kingen periods; this developed into the sinden-zukuri style of architecture among the nobility, and diverged into several forms of Senrian religious architecture. The earliest surviving Senrian gardens are from this period, and mix the principles of feng shui with an aesthetic emphasis on asymmetry, naturalism, and miniaturization. The typical styles used for minka (vernacular houses) and kura (traditional storehouses) also emerged at this time.

During the Zakkoku period, Senrian religious architecture continued to diversify and sinden-zukuri evolved into the simpler, more practical buke-zukuri style. Rock gardens - where the arrangement of rocks, moss, and carefully raked sand is meant to evoke the essence of nature and aid meditation - appeared during this period, partially displacing the water gardens of the Kaihou and Kingen periods. The architectural trends of the Zakkoku period largely continued throughout the early Tigoku period; the late Tigoku period, however, saw several major developments, including the emergence of the soin-zukuri and sukiya-zukuri styles, a turn back towards greenery and water in gardens, and the emergence of the emblematic Senrian castle as a result of the increasing prevalence of arquebuses - but not cannons - in Senrian warfare, which necessitated the replacement of wooden stockades with stone walls. Late Tigoku period trends, in turn, persisted throughout the Suikoku period; other important features of Suikoku-period architecture include the refinement of the matiya, or townhouse, and an emphasis on borrowed scenery (sakkei) in landscaping.

The push for modernization during the Kaisei period resulted in significant changes to Senrian architecture. The restored imperial government encouraged the adoption of Euclean architectural styles and the use of building materials such as brick and stone, inviting Euclean architects and urban planners to the country. Particular favor was shown to the Beaux-Arts school of architecture. Some Senrian architects, meanwhile, sought to develop a style of architecture which superficially looked Euclean, but in fact relied on traditional Senrian techniques, resulting in the gihokuhuu style. During the 1920s, Senrian architects experimented with styles such as rationalism, secessionism, and Bauhaus. Following the Great War, the government of Katurou Imahara developed an officially-favored style of architecture, the New Senria Style, which combined neoclassical buildings with Senrian-style roofs. In spite of this favoritism, however, a variety of other styles have subsequently thrived in Senria, including Art Deco, modernist forms such as the International Style, the Senrian-born metabolist movement, and postmodernism.

Cuisine

Breakfast at a ryokan, or traditional inn.

Senrian cuisine, generally speaking, is marked by a primary reliance on grains and vegetables supplemented by fish and poultry, with comparatively little use of red meat, oils or fats, and dairy, as well as a tendency towards salty and umami flavors, a strong emphasis upon seasonality of ingredients and regional specialties, and use of seasoning as an accent or garnish.

Most traditional Senrian meals are based around the combination of rice, typically steamed short-grain rice, with one or more okazu, or side dishes. Okazu can consist of vegetables, seafood, meat, or tofu, prepared in any number of ways - simmered, steamed, grilled, fried - or served raw. The meal might also be accompanied by pickled vegetables, or tukemono, and miso soup. Each element of the meal is served separately on its own small plate or bowl; this tendency descends from classical Shangean dining etiquette, which regarded placing food on rice as "soiling" the rice, a perception which has mostly persisted in Senrian cuisine while vanishing near-entirely from modern Shangean cooking. Even in Senrian cuisine, however, there are exceptions to this rule in the form of popular dishes such as yakimesi, rice stir-fried with any number of potential ingredients and seasonings; donburi, rice topped with meat, fish, egg, or vegetables; and onigiri, triangular rice pouches filled with savory, salty, or sour ingredients. Milled and polished white rice has long been regarded as more desirable than cheaper and less-refined brown rice, though the latter has grown in popularity in recent years because of its greater nutritional value.

Alternatively, noodles may be served in place of a rice-based meal. Most Senrian noodles are made from wheat flour. Senria's main traditional noodles are udon, thick wheat noodles, and soba, thin buckwheat noodles; soumen and ramen, two other types of wheat noodle often associated with Senria, emerged as a result of cultural contact with Ansan and Shangea. Noodles are typically, but not necessarily, served with broth, and udon, soba, and soumen can be served either hot or cold, depending on the season. Noodle dishes will typically also contain some combination of vegetables, meat, tofu, eggs, fish cakes, and herbs, and are usually served without side dishes. Barley and millet were historically a large part of the Senrian diet due to their role in peasant dishes such as katemesi, but are largely eschewed today for that precise reason.

Senrian cuisine has long been influenced by the cuisine of nearby Coian countries. Kimchi, a staple of Ansene cuisine, is widely popular in Senria, and the country has local variants of Shangean dishes like mapo tofu, baozi, and mingxia; gyouza, a form of jiaozi, are so popular in Senria they are widely thought of as Senrian in much of the world. Curry, similarly, was brought to Senria from Satria by trade across the Bay of Bashurat. Senria is also home to kitasoku (literally "Northern food"), Senrianized forms of Euclean dishes; while some kitasoku dishes date back to the 16th century, this style of cooking was largely popularized after the 1869 Keiou Restoration. Prominent kitasoku dishes include esmeira, a type of sponge cake; hayasi rice, beef and vegetables cooked in a demi-glace sauce and served over rice; korokke, croquettes; katuretu, breaded cutlets; tempura, deep-fried seafood or vegetables; and purin, a type of crème caramel.

Single-portion meals known as bentou are internationally emblematic of Senrian cuisine.

Senrian cuisine makes use of a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. Vegetables commonly found in Senrian cuisine include Napa cabbage, spinach, komatuna, mizuna, cucumbers, eggplant, kabota, scallions, daikon radishes, soybeans and soybean sprouts, adzuki beans, and sisitou peppers. Fruits used widely in Senrian cuisine include mandarin oranges, kumquats, loquats, yuzu, plums, persimmons, Coian pears, and Austral melons. Senrian cuisine is also known for its use of mushrooms - such as the highly-prized siitake and matutake mushrooms - and edible seaweed like kombu and nori. Dishes are commonly seasoned with soy sauce, miso, dasi, mirin, or vinegar; other spices and flavorings include wasabi, ginger, myouga, hurikake, and sitimi. Some less traditional but widely used seasonings are monosodium glutamate, tonkatu sauce, and mayonnaise.

Seafood is central to Senrian cuisine. Sasimi, thinly-sliced raw fish, is an important part of the emblematically Senrian dish susi. Other Senrian seafood dishes include tataki, lightly-seared tuna; ikura, caviar made from salmon roe; oden, a soup of surimi, eggs, and vegetables in a light broth; motoyaki, baked seafood topped with mayonnaise; and takoyaki, fried dumplings made with octopus. The role of poultry, pork, and beef in the Senrian diet was traditionally limited by a lack of arable land and a cultural aversion to the butchering of animals as ritually unclean; it has grown substantially more popular in the past 150 years, however, and dishes containing or based around meat now form an important part of the Senrian diet. Such dishes include nabemono, the blanket term for a variety hot pot dishes including sukiyaki and sabu-sabu; kara'age, marinated deep-fried meat or fish, widely associated with bars known as izakaya; and yakitori, skewered and grilled chicken.

Senkasi is the Senrian term for the country's traditional confections; the term hokugasi is sometimes used to refer to desserts of Euclean origin. Senrian confections and desserts include daihuku, rice cakes filled with adzuki bean paste; kuzumoti, cakes made out of kudzu powder or fermented wheat starch; dango, sweet rice flour dumplings served on a skewer; melonpan, sweetrolls covered with a thin layer of crisp dough; konpeitou, brightly-colored sugar candies; and youkan, small blocks made of adzuki bean paste, agar-agar, and sugar.

Tea, particularly green tea, was introduced to Senria in the early 9th century and remains one of the country's most popular and widely-consumed drinks; tea ceremonies are an important ritual in Senrian culture. Senta is the most popular form of tea in the country; gyokuro is a more exclusive sort of tea, while matta is culturally important and widely used as a flavoring for sweets. Black tea is less commonly consumed; the culture around black tea in Senria is largely derived from Estmerish tea culture. Several brands of soft drink, both carbonated and uncarbonated, are manufactured in Senria; among the most prominent are Asahico, Leona Ion, and Kituris. The most famous alcoholic beverage of Senrian origin is sake, a type of rice wine with 15% to 20% ABV. Other Senrian alcoholic beverages include soutuu, a distilled liquor made from rice, barley, sweet potatoes, buckwheat, or brown sugar; umesu, made by steeping unripe plums in soutuu; and awamori, the traditional liquor of the Isotama Islands. Beer, introduced to the country by Euclean merchants, has become broadly popular in Senria; pale lagers and ales are the most widely produced and consumed beers in Senria. Also popular are happousu, low-malt alcoholic beverages taxed at a lower rate than proper beer. While it is not widely consumed domestically outside of highball cocktails, Senrian whisky has been internationally recognized for its quality and flavor.

Senrian cuisine has been widely spread internationally by the Senrian diaspora and Senrian soft power. Senrian-style dishes created outside of Senria include several types of makizusi, moti ice cream, and the fortune cookie, which is often wrongly thought to be of Shangean origin. Some of these foreign dishes have become so popular that they have in turn been brought back to, and become popular in, Senria itself.

Holidays

Senria has seventeen official public holidays. Of these holidays, eleven - New Year's Day, Coming of Age Day, Victory Day, National Day, Autumnal Equinox Day, Republic Day, Culture Day, Constitution Day, Memorial Day, Vernal Equinox Day, and Labor Day - were established by the Public Holiday Law of 1936. Children's Day and Respect for the Aged Day were established in 1960, Health and Sports Day in 1966, Marine Day and Mountain Day in 1995, and Greenery Day in 2007. The Public Holiday Law states that, if a national holiday falls on a Sunday, the following Monday is given as a day off. Additionally, it establishes that a day which falls directly between two other holidays is given as a day off; this turns the period between Culture Day and Constitution Day into a weeklong vacation period known as Golden Week. The dates of Coming of Age Day, Ocean Day, Mountain Day, Respect for the Aged Day, and Health and Sports Day were moved to Mondays by the 2013 Monday Holiday Law, with the goal of creating three-day weekends for Senrian workers.

Date Estmerish name Senrian name Notes
January 1 New Year’s Day 간시뚜 (元日)
Ganzitu
Marks the first day of the Gregorian calendar year.
second Monday in January Coming of Age Day 쎄신노히 (成人の日)
Seizin no Hi
Congratulates individuals who have reached the age of maturity (20 years) during the preceding year.
February 12 Victory Day 쏘우리끼넌노히 (勝利記念の日)
Souri Kinen no Hi
Celebrates the end of the Great War.
February 26 National Day 껀꼬꾸끼넌노히 (建国記念の日)
Kenkoku Kinen no Hi
Celebrates the unification of Senria by the Emperor Kousou.
March 20 or 21 Autumnal Equinox Day 수우분노히 (秋分の日)
Suubun no Hi
Marks the autumnal equinox; commemorates ancestors and the dead.
April 10 Republic Day 꾜우외끼넌노히 (共和記念の日)
Kyouwa Kinen no Hi
Celebrates the start of the Senrian Revolution.
May 2 Culture Day 분까노히 (文化の日)
Bunka no Hi
Celebrates and promotes Senrian culture.
May 4 Children's Day 꼬도모노히 (子供の日)
Kodomo no Hi
Celebrates Senrian children and childhood.
May 6 Constitution Day 껀뽀우끼넌노히 (憲法記念の日)
Kenpou Kinen no Hi
Celebrates the ratification of the Constitution of Senria.
June 16 Memorial Day 뚜이또끼넌노히 (追悼記念の日)
Tuitou Kinen no Hi
Commemorates Senria's war dead, both military and civilian, particularly those killed in the Great War and Senrian Genocide.
third Monday in July Ocean Day 우미노히 (海の日)
Umi no Hi
Celebrates Senria's oceans and their bounty.
third Monday in August Mountain Day 야마노히 (山の日)
Yama no Hi
Celebrates Senria's mountains and their beauty.
third Monday in September Respect for the Aged Day 께로우노히 (敬老の日)
Keirou no Hi
Celebrates Senrian elders and long life.
September 22 or 23 Vernal Equinox Day 쑨분노히 (春分の日)
Sunbun no Hi
Marks the vernal equinox; celebrates the end of winter.
second Monday in October Health and Sports Day 때미꾸노히 (体育の日)
Tai'iku no Hi
Celebrates athletics and physical education.
November 3 Greenery Day 미도리노히 (緑の日)
Midori no Hi
Celebrates nature and the environment.
November 23 Labor Day 낀로우깐싸노히 (勤労感謝の日)
Kinrou Kansa no Hi
Celebrates Senrian workers.
A snow sculpture at the 2011 Nobeoka Snow Festival.

In addition to the country's official public holidays, Senria is home to several unofficial or semiofficial festivals. These include traditional celebrations that are marked nationwide, Senrian equivalents of certain traditional Shangean festivals, secularized versions of select Sotirian holidays, and a litany of local or regional festivals and commemorations ranging from religious rituals to seasonal festivals to cultural celebrations. Many of these local festivals will be backed by area businesses, organizations, and religious institutions, and feature parades, food stalls, carnival games, and similar activities; they may also involve athletic or cultural performances, local sightseeing, fireworks, sailing, gift-giving, and the playing of games with friends and family.

Travelling to visit relatives on holidays and festival days, or to see in festivals from different areas of the country, are important drivers of Senrian domestic tourism; they have also gained popularity with international tourists in recent years. The events of well-known festivals are sometimes broadcast on television. Certain major festivals have been brought to other parts of the world by the Senrian diaspora; furthermore, many diaspora communities have developed their own unique festivals as a means of celebrating their heritage.

Language

The Senrian language is both the sole official language of and the most widely spoken language in Senria; it is overwhelmingly the dominant language for governance, business, education, and media within the country. Senrian is a member of the Senric language family, which has an unclear connection to the languages of continental Coius; attempts have been made to demonstrate a genealogical linguistic relation between Senrian and languages or language families including Ansene, Shangean, Namkho-Chanwan, Shahleghaic, and Austrocoianic, and even Kireno-Kantemoshan and Satro-Euclean; none of these proposals have garnered substantial support among linguists, however.

A Senrian calligrapher writing in the Kokumon script.

The vast majority of Senrian speakers reside within Senria itself. However, Senrian-speaking communities exist across much of Coius as a result of the establishment of senryuumati by Senrian merchants, settlers, adventurers, and raiders, and across Euclea and the Asterias as a result of emigration from Senria during the 19th and early 20th centuries. There are more than a dozen major dialects of Senrian within the country; these dialects vary primarily in terms of inflectional morphology, vocabulary, use of particles, and pitch accent. Most Senrian dialects spoken within the archipelago can be placed into three groups: Western, Eastern, and Tousuu. The traditional prestige dialect, the Kinkeidou dialect, forms the basis of modern Senrian; however, modern Senrian also incorporates elements of the Saisandou dialect.

Senrian is written in the Kokumon script, a featural alphabet derived from an earlier Ansan script in the 1890s by Yasunari Sekido and implemented by the government of Katurou Imahara beginning in 1939. Prior to this the language used a mixture of adopted Shangean characters, known as Gyoumon, and the hiragana syllabary. Gyoumon and hiragana have been near-wholly replaced by Kokumon; they are nowadays only used for signatures or stylistic effect. Several systems exist for the solarianization of Senrian, known collectively as sorazi; modern Senrian also regularly uses Rahelian numerals.

Languages other than Senrian are primarily spoken by members of their ethnic communities. The Isotaman language, spoken on the Isotama Islands, is technically a collection of Senric languages that are mutually unintelligible with each other and with standard Senrian, with the Naraziman language functioning in practice as "standard Isotaman"; the Senrian government legally regards Isotaman as a dialect of Senrian, however. The Esamankur and Cotratic languages, meanwhile, are language isolates with no known relation to eachother or to any other extant languages. While these languages have been accorded limited recognition by some local governments, they have historically faced organized suppression, and still have no national recognition or protection; as a result, their usage has continuously declined and they are increasingly regarded as endangered.

Osakabe no Are compiled the Kyuurekiso, Senria's oldest extant literary work.

Literature

While fragmentary inscriptions and artifacts from Senria containing Classical Shangean writing have been found as far back as the 200s CE, the earliest Senrian literary works were created in the early 700s, during the Kaihou period. The oldest extant Senrian work of literature, the Kyuurekiso, is a collection of myths, legends, and semi-historical accounts compiled in 712 by the nobleman Osakabe no Are; Osakabe also assisted with the production of the Senryuugi, another seminal work covering Senrian history and legend, which was finished in 719.

Senrian literature and poetry flourished during the Kingen period thanks to heavy patronage by the nobility. The Man'youkei, a collection of poetry in the senka style and the oldest anthology of Senrian-language poetry, was completed in 762; also popular among the nobility was tousi, poetry written by Senrians in Classical Shangean. It was during this period that the renga style of collaborative poetry became formalized. Noblewomen and ladies-in-waiting, such as Koharu Hou, Mokusei no Kaneko, Kenreimon'in no Rie , and Awate Sikibu, are some of the most acclaimed Senrian authors and poets of the period; Koharu's Tale of the Camellias is often described as the world's first novel. Additionally, the zuihitu genre emerged during the period, and zuihitu works provide invaluable insight into the social dynamics of the period. The Senmonogatari-suu, an anthology of over a thousand folktales, is of unknown authorship and is believed to have been compiled in the 1100s.

The literary trends of the Kingen period by and large persisted throughout the Zakkoku and Tigoku periods. The senka and renga styles of poetry remained preeminent; the zuihitu genre similarly persisted, becoming popular with monks, who used it as a means of meditative introspection and theological expression. The prose of the period became increasingly dominated by historical and military epics, such as those of Toyoda no Yukinaga, Kenkou Iimura, and Sanehira Takehara, reflecting the rise of the busidou code and the samurai as a social caste. Literary production also became increasingly male-dominated, and spread out across the country as the power of the central government collapsed.

Vast changes to Senrian literature came with the Suikoku period, however, as a result of a rising urban middle class and the arrival of the printing press, which created a mass market for literature. Prose writing diversified massively, encompassing everything from war stories to romances to travel guides to works of satire. The ukiyo-zousi, yomihon, kibyousi, and gesaku genres all emerged during the Suikoku period. Prominent authors of the period include Kunpei Kobayasi, Sigenori Nisizawa, Denzou Yokoi, and Akinari Hirata. Poetry saw similarly consequential developments; the haikai no renga style, which put a vulgar or satirical twist on the traditional renga style, appeared during this timeframe. Simultaneously, poets such as Tadahiro Kuzou, Souseki Masaoka, and Hanako Maeda used the format of the opening stanza of a renga to write short, standalone poems, creating the haiku.

Senrian literature and poetry continued to change in the wake of the Keiou Restoration as they were increasingly exposed to Euclean styles of writing. Major authors and poets of this period include the realist authors Kiyosi Nagai, Matuhisa Hamaguti, and Sayuri Minagawa; romanticist authors Isirou Rokkaku and Taisuke Sugita; naturalist author and poet Andou Husae; and satirist Ryouta Rakuyama. Prominent contemporary Senrian authors include Ienaga Bandou, Kisaburou Ezumi, Kakuei Tagawa, Genta Uegaki, Suzue Norimoto, and Kumie Sasabe.

Seiya Aoki and Kansuke Baisou are two of Senria's most famous actors.

Media

The cinematograph was first exhibited in Senria in 1898, with the first Senrian film, Heinosuke Hayakawa's Tanabata, being made the following year. Early Senrian films drew heavily from traditional kabuki theater, relying on onnagata to play female roles and narrators known as bensi, and, for similar reasons, were overwhelmingly zidaigeki, or period pieces. This led to the emergence of the Pure Film Movement, which called for a more uniquely cinematic approach to film, in the 1910s. The period between the Senrian Revolution and Great War saw the Pure Film Movement prevail, and while zidaigeki remained popular, the gendaigeki, or contemporary drama, became increasingly prominent. Some directors - such as Daisuke Tuburaya and Hirokazu Kitamati - began to create what were known as tendency films, socially-conscious and often left-wing films. The outbreak of the Great War saw the government of Katurou Imahara take control of the film industry, implementing censorship rules and ordering the production of war films; one such film, 1930's Battle of Ogasawara, was the country's first full-length talkie.

Senrian film of the late 1930s and 1940s emphasized realism, and some of the seminal works of the period - such as Keisi Elegy, A Pack of Strays, and Wisterias in the Autumn - are regarded as precursors to the neorealist movement. The relaxing of censorship by the government of Tokiyasu Kitamura led to what is commonly considered the first golden age of Senrian film. Zidaigeki - such as The Nameless Samurai, The Fox in the Moonlight, Nizaemon, and Kakusareta Yousai - flourished throughout the period; gendaigeki such as The Human Condition, Suzuki-sensei, and Nagawamura Station (the first Senrian color film) also did well, as did war films such as Wolves in the Hills and Hanran. Furthermore, this period saw the birth of the internationally popular kaizuu genre with the 1955 film Ebirah, and the rise of the Senrian New Wave. Stricter censorship returned with the rise of Takesi Takahata, however, and, bar a handful of exceptions - such as Love Lost in Spring, Iron Stigmata, and Gin'noken - Senrian film is generally agreed to have stagnated during this period.

A second golden age of Senrian film is held to have occurred in the 1980s and 1990s with the liberalization of the Haruna era; films of the period, including Akayama, Those Who Speak Ill, The Sonata, Kaze no Hai, Uncurable, and Sharks in Dark Waters, saw critical and consumer acclaim both domestically and internationally. Animated films also did remarkably well, particularly abroad; prominent animated films of the period include The Valley of Moss and Steel, Into Kamimori, Valkyries in the Heavens, Keisen'na, and Venator. Prominent Senrian films of the 21st century include Departure, The Depths, Sakiko, Rosemary Tea, Conflagration, and Communion of Blood.

Television arrived in Senria in the 1920s, with the SHK being formed in 1925; the country was a pioneer in both satellite television and HDTV. Since the 1950s, television has been an important part of Senrian soft power; Senrian television dramas, which range from soap operas to police procedurals to comedies to period pieces, are broadcast across much of Coius. Senrian animated shows, or anime, are also internationally popular; frequently but not always adapted from manga, these shows have developed a dedicated following across much of Euclea and the Asterias. Prominent anime series include Rocketboy, King of the Jungle, Space Armada Avalon, Melancholy in Neon, New Spectral Crusaders, Heroines of the Stars, Telefang, Platinum Wind, and Dog Eat Dog. Senria is also well-known for its variety shows, whose fast pace and bizarre challenges have been imitated by their northern counterparts in recent years.

Senria has played a prominent role in the video game industry for as long as it has existed; Senrian companies were early manufacturers of electromechanical and arcade games, have played a leading role in the video game console market since the mid-1980s, and pioneered the handheld game console. During the 1980s and early 1990s, the so-called "console wars" were dominated by the rival Senrian firms Kimankou and Lumen; in the mid-1990s, this dynamic was disrupted by the entry of a third Senrian firm, Maeda, which was able to entrench itself as a major player. While Lumen stopped producing console hardware in the early 2000s, Kimankou and Maeda remain two of the primary players in the video game console market, alongside the Rizealander firm Bridgeware. The country's mobile phone culture also means that there is a substantial domestic mobile game market. Major Senrian video game development studios include Kimankou, Maeda, Lumen, Naneizou, Kaseiyo Sossen, Hisicom, Taikyoku, and Saikawa AstraSoft.

Music

Traditional Senrian music is traditionally grouped into three categories: gagaku (the music of the nobility and imperial court, with a repertoire consisting of Tenkyou religious music and songs derived from Shangean, Ansene, and Satrian music, sometimes further subdivided between exclusively vocal and/or instrumental pieces and bugaku, music that is also accompanied by dance), soumyou (a form of Zohist chant developed by Senrian Zohists), and min'you (Senrian folk music, ranging from work songs to vernacular hymns to nursery rhymes). Traditional Senrian instruments include the biwa, koto, samisen, kokyuu, hitiriki, ryuuteki, sakuhati, and taiko.

The Keiou Restoration and subsequent efforts at modernization introduced Euclean musical styles and instruments to Senria. Euclean classical music was patronized by the imperial government throughout the late 1800s and developed a strong presence in Senria as a result; Euclean-style songs known as souka, compiled into songbooks, were obligatory learning material for Senrian students. Particularly popular between the 1870s and 1950s were gunka, or war songs, often military marches. Multiple styles of popular music, including ryuukoka, enka, and kayoukyoku, emerged in Senria during the early 1900s; these styles by and large dominated the country's music scene until the mid-20th century. These genres also competed with jazz, which developed a devoted following in Senria in the 1920s.

A karaoke lounge in the town of Itoi.

Rock and roll arrived in Senria in the late 1950s; covers of foreign rock and roll songs by Senrian artists like Saburou Dogura and Yosiya Kido and the Tempters caused a public craze for rock and roll music. The arrival of rock music in the 1960s led to the birth of S-rock with the Group Sounds movement, which fused rock with elements of kayoukyoku; successful singers and bands of the genre include the Golden Bears, the Vagrants, the Troubadours, The Grand Finale, and Kouhei Takeda. Increasing censorship in the 1970s contributed to the popularity of metal and punk genres, spearheaded by bands such as the Anywheres, the Kirenians, the Kazemura Rounin, Seikika, and Jealousy; the subsequent liberalization of the 1980s and 1990s allowed for the rise of the visual kei genre, inspired by glam rock, and the rise of alt rock groups like the Alligators, the Glissandos, Souzo Riot, and Jesus Soter and the Avant-Gardes. While some have argued that Senrian rock peaked domestically in the 1990s, its international recognition has grown markedly in recent years.

S-pop began to emerge with the New Music movement in the 1970s; artists of the movement, such as Arinobu Hirakawa, Mineo Sakano, and Emiko Nakaoka produced music focusing on personalistic themes. The New Music movement in turn led to genres such as synthpop and city pop in the 1980s. These genres - spearheaded by groups and artists including the Orions, the Velvet Telegrams, Wataru Utagawa, Keizi Hanamura, Sanae Waseda, and Masako Aihara - saw widespread success throughout the decade, but were overshadowed in the 1990s by Euclobeat artists such as Takeru Yamanisi and Ramona Mandarin and by the rising idol movement, which came to dominate the S-pop scene in the 2010s, typified by groups like SRB18, Go on Three!, Red Enamel, and The Morning Sun Club. As with S-rock, S-pop has developed an increasingly international following in recent years; some contemporary idol groups now have international fanbases, while city pop has become a touchstone for microgenres like vaporwave.

Theater

Nou and kyougen, sometimes collectively referred to as nougaku, are two of the world's oldest continuous theater traditions, emerging in the 14th century from the earlier dengaku and sarugaku traditions. Nou generally retells dramatic stories from mythology, classic literature, and folklore, using masks, costuming, stylistic use of props, dance, and a mix of singing & speaking to convey the plot. Kyougen, by contrast, is generally comedic in nature, relying more heavily on dialogue & action than nou does and often relying on stock characters; kyougen also lacks the signature masks used in nou. Both nou and kyougen were primarily but not exclusively performed for the traditional aristocratic elite; nougaku programs traditionally consisted of several nou plays with kyougen plays in between, with most modern programs consisting of two nou plays separated by a kyougen play as an interlude.

A 1740s ukiyo-e print of a kabuki performance in Tosei.

Kabuki, another traditional form of theater, emerged in the 17th century. Where nougaku was by and large reserved for the upper classes, kabuki had widespread public appeal and attracted a socially diverse audience. Kabuki plays cover a variety of subjects and themes, though most fall into the categories of zidaimono (historical plays), sewamono (domestic plays, focusing on drama and romance), and sosagoto (dance plays); they typically rely upon elaborate costumes and makeup, ribald humor, and dramatic, stylized performances emphasizing the roles and abilities of the actors. Kabuki actors traditionally use stage names, which are adopted or inherited in elaborate public ceremonies known as suumei. Other classic types of Senrian theater include yose, a form of spoken vaudeville, and bunraku, a form of puppet theater; both yose and bunraku emerged in roughly the same timeframe as kabuki.

The Kaisei period saw the introduction of Northern theater, and Northern dramatic conventions, to Senria. Euclean-style theatrical and operatic companies were created at the urging of the imperial government as part of the country's modernization efforts, and Euclean forms of theater continue to be widely performed in Senria; there were more than 3,000 performances of Euclean or Euclean-style plays, operas, and musicals given in Keisi in 2014. The arrival of Northern theater also led to efforts at synthesis with traditional Senrian theater; the sinpa style of theater, which was popular from the 1880s to the 1900s, retained certain aspects of kabuki theater while shifting more towards melodrama and the adaptation of Euclean plays, while the competing singeki style drew more heavily from naturalism and remained preeminent in contemporary Senrian theater circles until the 1960s. Also popular in Senria is sougekizou, or "little theater", plays written and performed by amateur theatrical troupes with the goal of making theater accessible to the general public. Sougekizou plays are often regarded as being unphilosophical in nature and aimed primarily at entertainment, but some have become highly acclaimed and sougekizou troupes have become an important source of actors and actresses for other forms of Senrian theater, as well as for cinema and television.

Sports

Many of Senria's traditional sports are martial arts. The most popular of these within Senria is sumou, a form of full-contact wrestling wherein each wrestler seeks to force their opponent out of the ring or into touching the ground with a part of their body other than their feet; sumou is believed to have emerged from ritual dances performed in ancient Tenkyou, with historically-attested sumou matches being recorded as far back as the 640s CE. Some other Senrian martial arts - including zuuzutu, aikidou, zuudou, and karate - are popular both within Senria and internationally. These martial arts - excluding zuuzutu, which emerged in the 1100s - were developed in the late 1800s, and are sometimes referred to as gendai budo ("modern martial arts") as a result; however, because of their origin within Senria, they are simultaneously commonly called "traditional sports" as opposed to sports of Euclean or Asterian origin. Senrian armed martial arts are much less prominent, both domestically and internationally, than the aforementioned martial arts, which are all unarmed in nature; however, armed martial arts such as kendou and kyuudou retain devoted, if comparatively small, domestic followings.

Baseball is Senria's most popular spectator and participatory sport.

The most popular modern sport in Senria, both as a participatory and spectator sport, is baseball. Baseball was brought to Senria in the early 1870s by Asterian expatriates brought to Senria as teachers, with its early popularity further strengthened by Senrians who had been sent to study in Estmere and were there exposed to the related sport of rounders; baseball was firmly established in the country by 1900. The highest level of baseball in within Senria is the All-Senria Baseball League, or ASBL, which was formed in 1936 and now has 24 teams; the ASBL is one of Kylaris's largest and most prominent baseball leagues, rivalled only by the pan-North Asterian Premier League Baseball and the pan-Arucian Arucian Baseball League. The ASBL's annual championship, the best-of-seven All-Senria Championship Series, is Senria's most lucrative regular sporting event. The country has a farm system with multiple minor leagues organized as the Senrian Minor League Baseball System, a women's baseball league, a college baseball league, and a thriving high school baseball scene which culminates in a pair of annual tournaments.

Soccer is the country's second most popular sport. Soccer arrived in Senria in the 1870s, with the country's first soccer club being formed in 1915 and its national team being formed in 1935; however, Senria did not have an organized national league until 1965, three decades later. The Senrian Soccer Association manages both the country's national team and the Senria Soccer League, or SSL. The SSL has a three-tier league system, with the S1 League functioning as the top division of the system and the S2 and S3 leagues below it; however, like the ASBL and unlike most soccer leagues, the J1 League has a fixed membership roster and uses the lower leagues as a farm system, rather than promoting & relegating teams. Senrian soccer's national cup, which is open to all club teams in the Senria Soccer Association, is the Senrian National Cup; the winner of the National Cup and the S1 League champions in turn compete for the Senrian Super Cup. The country also has a women's soccer league, the Senrian Women's Soccer Association; a women's national team; and a futsal organization, the Senria Futsal League, under the authority of the Senrian Soccer Association.

Other modern team sports with professional leagues in Senria include basketball (the Senrian Professional Basketball League and Senrian Professional Women's Basketball League), handball (the Senria Handball League), rugby union (the Senrian Rugby Association) and rugby league (the All-Senria National Rugby League), gridiron football (the Senrian Gridiron Football League), ice hockey (the Senria Ice Hockey League), and volleyball (the National Volleyball Association).

Euclean-style boxing arrived in Senria by the 1800s; in 1854, local authorities in the port city of Isikawa organized a friendly competition between Euclean boxers and Senrian martial artists for the public, with the competition reportedly ultimately won by a sumou wrestler. Senria's official boxing organization is the Senrian Professional Boxing Association. Taekwondo has become increasingly popular in recent years thanks to close Senrian-Ansene relations. Winter sports are widely popular in the country; Aventine skiing, ski jumping, snowboarding, sledding, luge, and bobsledding are particularly popular as either participatory or spectator sports on account of Senria's mountainous terrain, and speed skating and figure skating are both also well-established in Senria. Table tennis is popular as both a competitive and recreational sport; there is a particularly pronounced rivalry in competitive table tennis between Senria and Shangea. Senrian automotive manufacturers have been involved in motorsports since the late 1960s, and particularly successful since the 1980s, regularly performing well against established Euclean manufacturers.

Senria is a regular participant in the Invictus Games. It made its first appearance in 1910, won its first summer medals in 1914, and won its first winter medals in 1940. Senria has hosted the Summer Invictus Games three times, in 1958, 1970, and 1990; the 1958 and 1990 games were held in Keisi, while the 1970 games were held in Tosei. It has also hosted the Winter Invictus Games twice, in Nobeoka in 1976 and Ubeyama in 2000. The 1958 Keisi Invictus Games represented the first time the Summer Invictus Games were held in an independent Coian country (while the 1902 Summer Games were held in Adunis, it was a colony of Gaullica at the time), and the 1990 Keisi Games saw Keisi become the first Coian city to host the Invictus Games twice. Keisi was the city originally awarded the 1946 Summer Games, which were ultimately cancelled due to the Solarian War.

References

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