Jalov dialect: Difference between revisions
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| posteriori = | | posteriori = | ||
| nation = | | nation = | ||
| minority = ''' | | minority = '''9 Jalovan villages:''' | ||
*Jalov ''(Jaⱶlöv)'' | *Jalov ''(Jaⱶlöv)'' | ||
*Cilsdorf ''(Zilsdorf)'' | *Cilsdorf ''(Zilsdorf)'' | ||
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| notice = IPA | | notice = IPA | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Jalov dialect''' (Jalovan: ''Jaⱶlövȧ dialekt''; [[Walnerian language|Walnerian]]: ''Jaloviss dialekt''), alternatively named the '''Jalov language''' (Jalovan: ''Jaⱶlövȧ | The '''Jalov dialect''' (Jalovan: ''Jaⱶlövȧ dialekt''; [[Walnerian language|Walnerian]]: ''Jaloviss dialekt''), alternatively named the '''Jalov language''' (Jalovan: ''Jaⱶlövȧ ẜpꝛaⱶħ''; [[Walnerian language|Walnerian]]: ''Jaloviss sproch''), shorthand name being '''Jalovan''' (Jalovan: ''Jaⱶlöviꞩ''; [[Walnerian language|Walnerian]]: ''Jaloviss''), is considered either to be the most distinct and linguistically furthest dialect of the [[Walnerian language]] or its own language of [[wikipedia:High German languages|High Dolch family]]. | ||
It is primairly spoken in the area of the middle age Dolchic linguistic enclave around Jalov, currently being used in 9 villages in the region. | It is primairly spoken in the area of the middle age Dolchic linguistic enclave around Jalov, currently being used in 9 villages in the region. | ||
==Linguistic island== | ==Linguistic island== | ||
[[File:JalovFlag.png|thumb|250px|Flag used by the Jalovan minority]] | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" | ||
!Walnerian name !!Jalovan name !!Percentage of Jalovans !!Population !!Region | !Walnerian name !!Jalovan name !!Percentage of Jalovans !!Population !!Region | ||
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==Alphabet== | ==Alphabet== | ||
[[File:JalovanAlphabetTable.png|250px|thumb|Jalovan alphabet table]] | |||
{{See also|Walnerian orthography}} | {{See also|Walnerian orthography}} | ||
The Jalovan dialect uses its own orthography. | The Jalovan dialect uses its own orthography. | ||
{| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1. | {| style="<!--font-family:Arial Unicode MS;--> font-size:1.5<!--1.3-->em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF" | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |A a | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |A a | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |{{color|#808080|Ȧ}} ȧ | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |{{color|#808080|Ȧ}} ȧ | ||
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| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |P p | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |P p | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |{{color|#808080|Q q}} | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |{{color|#808080|Q q}} | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |R r | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |R r ꝛ | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |S ſ s | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |S ſ s | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ꞩ ẜ ꞩ | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ꞩ ẜ ꞩ | ||
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
!Order | !Order | ||
!1 !!2 !!3 !!4 !!5 !!6 !!7 !!8 !!9 !!10 !!11 !!12 !!13 !!14 !!15 !!16 !!17 !!18 !!19 !!20 !!21 !!22 !!23 !!24 !!25 !!26 !!colspan="2"|27 !!colspan="2"|28 !!colspan="2"|29 !!30 !!31 !!32 !!33 !!34 !!35 !!36 | !1 !!2 !!3 !!4 !!5 !!6 !!7 !!8 !!9 !!10 !!11 !!12 !!13 !!14 !!15 !!16 !!17 !!18 !!19 !!20 !!21 !!22 !!23 !!24 !!25 !!colspan="2"|26 !!colspan="2"|27 !!colspan="2"|28 !!colspan="2"|29 !!30 !!31 !!32 !!33 !!34 !!35 !!36 | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[wikipedia:Capital letters|Majuscule]] | ![[wikipedia:Capital letters|Majuscule]] | ||
|A ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|Ȧ ||Ä ||Ą ||B ||C ||D ||E ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|Ė ||F ||G ||H ||Ħ ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|Ⱶ ||I ||Į ||J ||K | |A ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|Ȧ ||Ä ||Ą ||B ||C ||D ||E ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|Ė ||F ||G ||H ||Ħ ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|Ⱶ ||I ||Į ||J ||K | ||
|L ||M ||N ||O ||Ö ||P ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|Q ||R ||colspan="2"|S ||colspan="2"|Ꞩ ||colspan="2"|ẞ ||T ||U ||V ||W ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|X ||Y ||Z | |L ||M ||N ||O ||Ö ||P ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|Q ||colspan="2"|R ||colspan="2"|S ||colspan="2"|Ꞩ ||colspan="2"|ẞ ||T ||U ||V ||W ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|X ||Y ||Z | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[wikipedia:Lower case|Minuscule]] | ![[wikipedia:Lower case|Minuscule]] | ||
|a ||ȧ ||ä ||ą ||b ||c ||d ||e ||ė ||f ||g ||h ||ħ ||ⱶ ||i ||į ||j ||k | |a ||ȧ ||ä ||ą ||b ||c ||d ||e ||ė ||f ||g ||h ||ħ ||ⱶ ||i ||į ||j ||k | ||
|l ||m ||n ||o ||ö ||p ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|q ||r ||style="border-right:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|ſ ||style="border-left:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|s ||style="border-right:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|ẜ ||style="border-left:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|ꞩ ||style="border-right:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|ß ||style="border-left:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|§ ||t ||u ||v ||w ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|x ||y ||z | |l ||m ||n ||o ||ö ||p ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|q ||style="border-right:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|r ||style="border-left:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|ꝛ ||style="border-right:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|ſ ||style="border-left:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|s ||style="border-right:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|ẜ ||style="border-left:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|ꞩ ||style="border-right:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|ß ||style="border-left:1px dashed #A2A9B1;"|§ ||t ||u ||v ||w ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|x ||y ||z | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA Sound]] | ![[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA Sound]] | ||
|[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]<br>[[wikipedia:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]] ||[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|aˑ]]<br>[[wikipedia:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑˑ]] ||[[wikipedia:Near-open front unrounded vowel|æ]] ||[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|ã]]<br>[[wikipedia:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ̃]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar plosive|k]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]<br>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] ||[[wikipedia:Mid central vowel|əˑ]]<br>[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛˑ]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced velar plosive|ɡ]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]<br>[[wikipedia:Voiced glottal fricative|ɦ]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar fricative|x]]<br>[[wikipedia:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]] ||[[wikipedia:Vowel length|◌ː]]<br>[[wikipedia:Syllabic consonant|◌̩]] ||[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]<br>[[wikipedia:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ]] ||[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|ĩ]]<br>[[wikipedia:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ̃]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar plosive|k]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants|l]] | |[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]<br>[[wikipedia:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]] ||[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|aˑ]]<br>[[wikipedia:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑˑ]] ||[[wikipedia:Near-open front unrounded vowel|æ]] ||[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|ã]]<br>[[wikipedia:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ̃]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar plosive|k]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]<br>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] ||[[wikipedia:Mid central vowel|əˑ]]<br>[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛˑ]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced velar plosive|ɡ]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]<br>[[wikipedia:Voiced glottal fricative|ɦ]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar fricative|x]]<br>[[wikipedia:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]] ||[[wikipedia:Vowel length|◌ː]]<br>[[wikipedia:Syllabic consonant|◌̩]] ||[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]<br>[[wikipedia:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ]] ||[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|ĩ]]<br>[[wikipedia:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ̃]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar plosive|k]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants|l]] | ||
|[[wikipedia:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals|n]] ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]<br>[[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid front rounded vowel|œ]]<br>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front rounded vowel|ø]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|k͡v ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills|r]] ||colspan="2"|[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] ||colspan="2"|[[wikipedia:Voiceless | |[[wikipedia:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals|n]] ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]<br>[[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid front rounded vowel|œ]]<br>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front rounded vowel|ø]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|k͡v ||colspan="2"|[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills|r]] ||colspan="2"|[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] ||colspan="2"|[[wikipedia:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]]<br>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|ɕ]] ||colspan="2"|[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ||[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]] ||style="background:#FEE7E6"|k͡s ||[[wikipedia:Close front rounded vowel|y]]<br>[[wikipedia:Close front rounded vowel|yː]] ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
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===Letters H and its derivatives=== | ===Letters H and its derivatives=== | ||
{{Symb|Hh Ħħ Ⱶⱶ|serifs}} | {{Symb|Hh Ħħ Ⱶⱶ|serifs}} | ||
The Jalova dialect has three variants of the letter H, which are used to denote different sounds: | |||
*[[wikipedia:H|Regular letter H]] for the sounds [[wikipedia:Voiceless glottal fricative|/h/]] and [[wikipedia:Voiced glottal fricative|/ɦ/]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:H with stroke|Letter H with a stroke (Ħ)]] for the sounds [[wikipedia:Voiceless velar fricative|/x/]] and [[wikipedia:Voiced velar fricative|/ɣ/]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Claudian letters|Letter half H (Ⱶ)]] is used to denote [[wikipedia:Vowel length|long vowels]], as it is placed after a sound that should be read as long (OⱵ is read as [ɔː], AⱵ as [aː] etc.) | |||
===Short vowels=== | ===Short vowels=== | ||
{{Symb|Ȧȧ Ėė|serifs}} | {{Symb|Ȧȧ Ėė|serifs}} | ||
The [[wikipedia:Extra-shortness|extra-short]]/short vowels developed from [[wikipedia:Early New High German|Early New High Dolch]] digraph ER and syllables including a [[wikipedia:Syllabic consonant|syllabic consonant]]. In Walnerian, the ER digraph is [[Walnerian orthography#R Accute|written as Ŕ]] and is pronounced rather as a syllabic [ʁ̩] than a vowel proper. Jalovan recognized 2 short vowels: | The [[wikipedia:Extra-shortness|extra-short]]/short vowels developed from [[wikipedia:Early New High German|Early New High Dolch]] digraph ER and syllables including a [[wikipedia:Syllabic consonant|syllabic consonant]]. In Walnerian, the ER digraph is [[Walnerian orthography#R Accute|written as Ŕ]] and is pronounced rather as a syllabic [ʁ̩] than a vowel proper. Jalovan recognized 2 short vowels: | ||
*'''Ȧ''' for [[wikipedia:German language|Dolch]] '''ER''' and [[Walnerian | *'''Ȧ''' for [[wikipedia:German language|Dolch]] '''ER''' and [[Walnerian orthography#R Accute|Walnerian '''Ŕ''']], making the [[wikipedia:German language|Dolch]] word "[[wiktionary:erinnern|Erinnern]]" [ʔɛɐ̯ˈʁɪnɐn] (Érinërn in [[Walnerian language|Walnerian]]) pronounced as "Ȧrinȧn" [ɑˑˈʁɪnɑ̆n] in Jalovan | ||
*'''Ė''' is equivalent to | *'''Ė''' is equivalent to [[Walnerian orthography#E Diaeresis|Walnerian '''Ë''']] and is usually pronounced as [əˑ] or [ɛˑ] | ||
===Nasal vowels=== | ===Nasal vowels=== | ||
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==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
{{See also|wikipedia:German_grammar|Walnerian_language#Grammar|l1=Dolch grammar|l2=Walnerian grammar}} | |||
TBA | TBA | ||
==Examples== | ==Examples== | ||
TBA | TBA | ||
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{{Eurth}} | {{Eurth}} | ||
[[Category:Walneria]] | [[Category:Walneria]] | ||
[[Category:Eurth]] | [[Category:Language (Eurth)]] |
Latest revision as of 12:35, 20 September 2022
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Jalovan | |
---|---|
Jaⱶlöviꞩ - Jaⱶlövȧ dialekt | |
Pronunciation | /jɑː.lœ.vaˑ/ |
Native to | Walneria |
Ethnicity | Jalova Walnerians |
Native speakers | L1: ~3,450 L2: ~110 FL: >50 |
Latin alphabet | |
Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | 9 Jalovan villages:
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
The Jalov dialect (Jalovan: Jaⱶlövȧ dialekt; Walnerian: Jaloviss dialekt), alternatively named the Jalov language (Jalovan: Jaⱶlövȧ ẜpꝛaⱶħ; Walnerian: Jaloviss sproch), shorthand name being Jalovan (Jalovan: Jaⱶlöviꞩ; Walnerian: Jaloviss), is considered either to be the most distinct and linguistically furthest dialect of the Walnerian language or its own language of High Dolch family.
It is primairly spoken in the area of the middle age Dolchic linguistic enclave around Jalov, currently being used in 9 villages in the region.
Linguistic island
Walnerian name | Jalovan name | Percentage of Jalovans | Population | Region | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jalov | Jaⱶlöv | 58%
|
Lómane | |||
Cilsdorf | Zilsdorf | 93%
|
Ŕezënfeld | |||
Himperk | Hįmberg | 88%
|
Lómane | |||
Semilë | ẞemilė | 68%
|
Lómane | |||
Lóssice | Loⱶẜitz | 53%
|
Lómane | |||
Ófhaim | Ąfhįm | 66%
|
Ŕezënfeld | |||
Ssloiŕ | Ꞩloiⱶr | 85%
|
Ŕezënfeld | |||
Bórkúm | Bąrkuⱶm | 90%
|
Lómane | |||
Dítanó | Ditȧ§dorf | 78%
|
Ŕezënfeld | |||
Libice | Lįbitz | 44%
|
Lómane | |||
Rálskov | Raⱶlßką | 42%
|
Ŕezënfeld |
Alphabet
The Jalovan dialect uses its own orthography.
A a | Ȧ ȧ | Ä ä | Ą ą | B b | C c | D d | E e | Ė ė | F f |
G g | H h | Ħ ħ | Ⱶ ⱶ | I i | Į į | J j | K k | L l | M m |
N n | O o | Ö ö | P p | Q q | R r ꝛ | S ſ s | Ꞩ ẜ ꞩ | ẞ ß § | T t |
U u | V v | W w | X x | Y y | Z z |
Phonology
Order | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Majuscule | A | Ȧ | Ä | Ą | B | C | D | E | Ė | F | G | H | Ħ | Ⱶ | I | Į | J | K | L | M | N | O | Ö | P | Q | R | S | Ꞩ | ẞ | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ||||
Minuscule | a | ȧ | ä | ą | b | c | d | e | ė | f | g | h | ħ | ⱶ | i | į | j | k | l | m | n | o | ö | p | q | r | ꝛ | ſ | s | ẜ | ꞩ | ß | § | t | u | v | w | x | y | z |
IPA Sound | a ɑ |
aˑ ɑˑ |
æ | ã ɑ̃ |
b | k | d | ɛ e |
əˑ ɛˑ |
f | ɡ | h ɦ |
x ɣ |
◌ː ◌̩ |
i ɪ |
ĩ ɪ̃ |
j | k | l | m | n | ɔ o |
œ ø |
p | k͡v | r | z | ʃ ɕ |
s | t | u | f | v | k͡s | y yː |
t͡s |
Letters S and its miniscules
Sſs Ꞩẜꞩ ẞߧ
The letter S and its derivatives have two miniscule variants, which are used depending on their location in the word. Unlike Walnerian language, which has preserved the miniscule differentiation only within the Fraktur orthography, Jalovan alphabet uses the miniscule differentiation independent of the script used.
The miniscules are often named the "Short" (kurz) and "Long" (lang), and are written by the following rule:
- Long S (ſ; ẜ; ß) is written on the beggining or the middle of a syllable
- Example: Raiſe; Maẜiⱶne; Roⱶße
- Short S (s; ꞩ; §) is written on the end of a syllable, or in foreign loanwords and interjections
- Example: Mesnįg; Voⱶꞩsain; Moⱶ§
Letters H and its derivatives
Hh Ħħ Ⱶⱶ
The Jalova dialect has three variants of the letter H, which are used to denote different sounds:
- Regular letter H for the sounds /h/ and /ɦ/
- Letter H with a stroke (Ħ) for the sounds /x/ and /ɣ/
- Letter half H (Ⱶ) is used to denote long vowels, as it is placed after a sound that should be read as long (OⱵ is read as [ɔː], AⱵ as [aː] etc.)
Short vowels
Ȧȧ Ėė
The extra-short/short vowels developed from Early New High Dolch digraph ER and syllables including a syllabic consonant. In Walnerian, the ER digraph is written as Ŕ and is pronounced rather as a syllabic [ʁ̩] than a vowel proper. Jalovan recognized 2 short vowels:
- Ȧ for Dolch ER and Walnerian Ŕ, making the Dolch word "Erinnern" [ʔɛɐ̯ˈʁɪnɐn] (Érinërn in Walnerian) pronounced as "Ȧrinȧn" [ɑˑˈʁɪnɑ̆n] in Jalovan
- Ė is equivalent to Walnerian Ë and is usually pronounced as [əˑ] or [ɛˑ]
Nasal vowels
Ąą Įį
The nasal vowels developed from Early New High Dolch digraphs EI and AU. In Walnerian, the EI digraph remained phonetically the same, only changing in orthography and AU digraph developed phonetically into Ó [ɔː]. In Jalovan, however, under the influence of especially Dazhdin linguistic enclave in the area, the two vowel clusters developed into nasal sounds:
- AU into Ą ([ɑʊ̯] → [ɑ̃]). Comparison may be the Dolch word "Aufbau" [ˈaʊ̯fˌbaʊ̯] (construction) and its Jalovan counterpart "Ąfbą" [ˈɑ̃fˌbɑ̃ː]
- EI into Į ([aɪ̯] → [ɪ̃]). Comparison may be the Dolch word "Eisfrei" [ˈaɪ̯sfʁaɪ̯] (devoid of ice) and its Jalovan counterpart "Įsfrį" [ˈɪ̃sfrɪ̃ː]
If the nasal vowel is on the end of the word, it is automatically pronounced as long.
Grammar
TBA
Examples
TBA