2022 Shangean legislative election: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(38 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:
| election_name      = 2022 Shangean legislative election
| election_name      = 2022 Shangean legislative election
| country            = Shangea
| country            = Shangea
| flag              = Flag of Xiaodong.png
| type              = parliamentary
| type              = parliamentary
| ongoing            = yes
| ongoing            = no
| party_name        = no
| party_name        = no
| previous_election  = [[2017 Shangean legislative election]]
| previous_election  = [[2017 Shangean legislative election]]
Line 22: Line 21:
| leader_since1      = 2015
| leader_since1      = 2015
| party1          = [[Society for Restoring Benevolence]]
| party1          = [[Society for Restoring Benevolence]]
| alliance1          =Patriotic Alliance for a Harmonious Country
| alliance1          =
| leaders_seat1    =  
| leaders_seat1    =  
| last_election1  =  
| last_election1  =  
| seats_before1 = 420
| seats_before1 = 420
| seats_needed1      = {{steady}}
| seats1            = 515
| seats1            =  
| seat_change1      = {{increase}}95
| seat_change1      =  
| popular_vote1      = '''225,890,784'''
| popular_vote1      = '''122,408,927'''<br>(<small>single member</small>)<br>'''114,280,382'''<br>(<small>proportional member</small>)
| percentage1        = '''66.84'''%
| percentage1        = '''70.36'''%<br>(<small>single member</small>)<br>'''65.69'''%<br>(<small>proportional member</small>)
| swing1            =  
| swing1            =  


Line 38: Line 36:
| leader_since2      = 2014
| leader_since2      = 2014
| party2            =  [[Association for Promoting Democracy]]
| party2            =  [[Association for Promoting Democracy]]
| alliance2          = N/A
| alliance2          =
| leaders_seat2    =  
| leaders_seat2    =  
| last_election2    =  
| last_election2    =  
| seats_before2 = 76
| seats_before2 = 76
| seats_needed2      = {{increase}} 301
| seats2            = 61
| seats2            =  
| seat_change2      ={{decrease}}15
| seat_change2      =
| popular_vote2      = 41,469,783
| popular_vote2      = 12,607,894 <br>(<small>single member</small>)<br>27,657,906<br>(<small>proportional member</small>)
| percentage2        = 12.27%
| percentage2        = 7.25%<br>(<small>single member</small>)<br>15.90%<br>(<small>proportional member</small>)
| swing2            =   
| swing2            =   


Line 53: Line 50:
| leader3            = [[Yang Weisheng]]
| leader3            = [[Yang Weisheng]]
| leader_since3      = 2017
| leader_since3      = 2017
| party3            = [[Movement for National Principlism]]
| party3            = National Regeneration Movement<br>{{collapsible list
| alliance3          = National Regeneration Movement
| titlestyle = font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| title = ''Parties''
| [[Movement for National Principlism]]
| Democratic Party of the People
| Shangean Democratic Communist Party
| Liberal Socialist Party
}}
| alliance3          =  
| leaders_seat3    =  
| leaders_seat3    =  
| last_election3    =  
| last_election3    =  
| seats_before3 = 24
| seats_before3 = 24
| seats_needed3      = {{increase}} 353
| seats_needed3      =
| seats3            =  
| seats3            = 44
| seat_change3      =  
| seat_change3      = {{increase}}20
| popular_vote3      = 7,206,775<br>(<small>single member</small>)<br>14,760,456<br>(<small>proportional member</small>)
| popular_vote3      = 44,273,202
| percentage3        = 4.14%<br>(<small>single member</small>)<br>8.48%<br>(<small>proportional member</small>)
| percentage3        = 13.1%
| swing3            =  
| swing3            =  


|map =  
|map =  
|map_caption =  
|map_caption =  
| title              = [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]
| title              = [[President of the Legislative Council (Shangea)|Legislative Council President]]
| posttitle          = [[Premier of Shangea|Premier]]
| posttitle          = [[President of the Legislative Council (Shangea)|Legislative Council President]]


| before_election    = [[Jiang Zhongyu]]
| before_election    = [[Wang Hongzhi]]
| before_party      = [[Society for Restoring Benevolence]]
| before_party      = [[Society for Restoring Benevolence]]
| after_election    =
| after_election    =
| after_party        =
| after_party        =
}}
}}
The '''next election for the [[Shangea]]n legislative council''' is due to be held across the month of January 2022. Voting will take place for 700 of the 750 seats in the legislative council. It is the first national election to be held since the start of [[Normalisation (Shangea)|Normalisation]] in 2017.  
The '''2022 election for the [[Shangea]]n legislative council''' was held across the month of January 2022. Voting took place for 700 of the 750 seats in the legislative council. It is the first national election to be held since the start of [[Normalisation (Shangea)|Normalisation]] in 2017.
 
The election saw the governing [[Society for Restoring Benevolence]] win a {{wp|supermajority}} of both the vote and seats.  
==Electoral process==
==Electoral process==
Shangea holds elections every five years for 700 of the seats in the Legislative Council (550 elected by {{Wp|universal suffrage}} and 150 elected through {{Wp|functional constituencies|occupational constituencies}}). Voting for the directly-elected seats is done through a {{Wp|Parallel voting|mixed member majoritarian}} system with 300 seats elected by {{Wp|first-past-the-post voting|single-member plurality voting}} and 250 members through {{Wp|party-list proportional representation}}. The proportional seats retain a 5% {{wp|electoral threshold}} with the entire country treated as single constituency and are appropriated through the {{wp|D'Hondt method|Li-Qiao method}}. Occupational constituencies use single-member plurality voting.  
Shangea holds elections every five years for 700 of the seats in the Legislative Council (550 elected by {{Wp|universal suffrage}} and 150 elected through {{Wp|functional constituencies|occupational constituencies}}). Voting for the directly-elected seats is done through a {{Wp|single non-transferable vote}} system with multi-member electoral districts ranging from 2 to 7 seats. Occupational constituencies use {{Wp|first-past-the-post voting|single-member plurality voting}}.  


Voters were given two ballot papers: for proportional seats and for district seats. Voting is either done by paper or through electronic voting in certain localities. Ballots are deposited in clear boxes and voters must dip their right thumb in ink after voting in order to deter electoral fraud. Shangeans living overseas can vote in either the embassies and consulates, mobile polling stations, or by post.  
Voters were given a single ballot paper for district seats. Voting is either done by paper or through electronic voting in certain localities. Ballots are deposited in clear boxes and voters must dip their right thumb in ink after voting in order to deter electoral fraud. Shangeans living overseas can vote in either the embassies and consulates, mobile polling stations, or by post.  


Eligible voters must be Shangean citizens, 18 or older than 18, an ordinary resident of the polling area of the district seats and registered to vote (name included in the electoral rolls), possess a valid voter identification card issued by the National Electoral Bureau. The National Electoral Bureau can bar people from voting if they have comitted certain crimes or show "disrespect for the electoral process". For occupational constituencies voters are chosen by the National Electoral Bureau and approved by the Examination Council. Around 3,500,000 individuals and 14,507 companies vote in occupational constituencies.  
Eligible voters must be Shangean citizens, 18 or older than 18, an ordinary resident of the polling area of the district seats and registered to vote (name included in the electoral rolls), possess a valid voter identification card issued by the National Electoral Bureau. The National Electoral Bureau can bar people from voting if they have comitted certain crimes or show "disrespect for the electoral process". For occupational constituencies voters are chosen by the National Electoral Bureau and approved by the Examination Council.  


Voting is staggered over two weeks and held in five stages with different provinces voting during these sections. Voting during each stage lasts from 7AM to 11PM. Campaigning and polling is strictly prohibited during this period. The National Electoral Bureau must release the results of the election 14 days after the final polling stations close.  
Voting is staggered over two weeks and held in five stages with different provinces voting during these sections. Voting during each stage lasts from 7AM to 11PM. Campaigning and polling is strictly prohibited during this period. The National Electoral Bureau must release the results of the election 14 days after the final polling stations close.  


The National Electoral Bureau announced in December 2021 that 297,859,377 people were on the electoral roll. There are 425,108 polling stations averaging about 700 voters per station. 28 million people are involved in the running of the electoral process consisting of election officers and polling station guards.
The National Electoral Bureau announced in December 2021 that 497,859,377 people were on the electoral roll. There are 553,177 polling stations averaging about 900 voters per station. Around 4,500,000 individuals and 14,507 companies vote in occupational constituencies. 28 million people are involved in the running of the electoral process consisting of election officers and polling station guards. A budget of €3.2 billion has been allocated to hold the election.


==Background==
==Background==
The last Shangean election was held in [[2017 Shangean legislative election|2017]] being the first {{wp|snap election}} in Shangean history being held as a result of the [[2016-17 Shangean Protests]]. The elections saw the incumbent ruling party, the [[Society for Restoring Benevolence]] lose a significant amount of seats and votes despite retaining a majority in the [[Legislative Council (Shangea)|Legislative Council]]. The results were widely suspected to have been influenced by {{wp|electoral fraud}} including ballot stuffing, invalidation of ballots and tampering electronic voting systems with the opposition [[Democratic Action Alliance]] (DAA) calling for the Judicial Council to declare the election results as invalid. When the Judicial Council president Yi Shaoqing certified the results as valid the protests intensified. This led to the Shangean government to order a mass crackdown on the protesters on the 28<sup>th</sup> January and introduce a series of purges against perceived dissent in Shangea. Terming the process [[Normalisation (Shangea)|Normalisation]] (''{{wp|Chinese language|Shangean}}'': 拨乱反正; ''bōluànfǎnzhèng'', literally meaning "eliminating chaos and returning to normal") up to 100,000 people were arrested and a further 300,000 dismissed from their jobs.
On the 4<sup>th</sup> February 41 opposition legislators including the DAA leader [[Hu Wenjuan]] and protest leader [[Chen Qianshi]] were detained by the Shangean government on sedition charges. The Shangean government also banned the [[Path of Democracy]] political party for terrorism with co-leader [[Kang Yongqing]] fleeing to [[Senria]]. These actions led to the the member parties of the DAA to resign from their seats in the Legislative Council in protest, leaving the Legislative Council without any opposition ({{wp|Tangwei|dangwei}}) representation. On the 23<sup>rd</sup> April 2018 the main dangwei party, the [[People's Party (Shangea)|People's Party]], re-elected Hu Wenjuan as their leader despite her continued imprisonment leading to the National Electoral Bureau on the 1<sup>st</sup> June barring the member parties of the DAA from contesting national elections on the basis of "''failing to apply by electoral standards''".
A partial relaxation of Normalisation measures was made on the 13<sup>th</sup> May 2018 when the {{wp|state of emergency}} declared on the 29<sup>th</sup> January 2017 was repealed, which also ended an association curfew, the ability to police to search houses without warrants and liberalise some media controls. On the 10<sup>th</sup> August 2020 [[State Chairman of Shangea|State Chairman]] [[Yuan Xiannian]] announced that Normalisation measures would not be renewed for 2021 and that the government would introduce a new National Security Law and constitutional revisions to institutionalise aspects of Normalisation. The constitutional reforms including merging the semi-autonomous anti-sedition courts into the existing judiciary system, moving appointment of judges to be solely the purview of the Judicial Council with approval from the State Presidium and transferring powers from Ministry of Justice to the Judicial Council and the State Presidium. The constitutional amendments also made it illegal to insult Shangea, the Shangean nation, Shangean government institutions, or Shangean national heroes such as the [[Jianzhao Emperor]] or [[Lu Keqian]]. The reforms also imposed a five year term limit for the premier, vice-premier, ministers and the President of the Legislative Council which can be renewed once and will take effect upon the elections for the Legislative Council in 2022. The reforms were passed by the Legislative Council on the 17<sup>th</sup> January 2021 and received approval from the State Presidium the next day.
==Timetable==
==Timetable==
[[File:Voting stages.png|500px|thumb|Electoral stage by province<br>
<span style="color:#EE161F;">■</span> – Stage 1 voting - 7 January 2022.<br>
<span style="color:#3D46CD;">■</span> – Stage 2 voting - 10 January 2022.<br>
<span style="color:#FFCA06;">■</span> – Stage 3 voting - 12 January 2022.<br>
<span style="color:#1CB34B;">■</span> – Stage 5 voting - 16 January 2022.]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
| style="width: 50px;" |28 November 2021 ||The [[State Presidium of Shangea|State Presidium]] fixes the date of elections from the 7<sup>th</sup> to 16<sup>th</sup> January in 2022.
| style="width: 50px;" |28 October 2021 ||The [[State Presidium of Shangea|State Presidium]] fixes the date of elections from the 7<sup>th</sup> to 16<sup>th</sup> January in 2022.
|-
|-
| 5 December 2021 ||Formal dissolution of the Legislative Council; start of campaign period.
| 12 November 2021 || Last day members of the public could register to vote.
|-
|-
| 12 December 2021 || Last day members of the public could register to vote.
| 14 November 2021 || Last day for candidates to file nomination papers.
|-
|-
| 14 December 2021 || Last day for candidates to file nomination papers.
| 5 December 2021 ||Formal dissolution of the Legislative Council; start of campaign period.
|-
|-
| 7 January 2022 || Phase 1 of voting in Qigao, Heping, Luoyuan, Baiqiao, Baishadao, Nanqing and Weishang provinces.
| 7 January 2022 || Phase 1 of voting in Qigao, Heping, Luoyuan, Baiqiao, Baishadao, Nanqing and Meishan provinces.
|-
|-
| 10 January 2022 || Phase 2 of voting in Zhongan, Rongzhuo Wushan, Zhijian and Chanwa provinces.
| 10 January 2022 || Phase 2 of voting in Zhongan, Rongzhuo, Wushan, Tuohe, and Chanwa provinces.
|-
|-
| 12 January 2022 || Phase 3 of voting in Chengchao, Anqian, Meishan, Yongba and Baozhou provinces.
| 12 January 2022 || Phase 3 of voting in Anqian, Weishang, Shenkong, Xiangshan, Yongba and Baozhou provinces.
|-
|-
| 15 January 2022 || Phase 4 of voting in the {{wp|Functional constituency|occupational constituencies}}.
| 15 January 2022 || Phase 4 of voting in the {{wp|Functional constituency|occupational constituencies}}.
|-
|-
| 16 January 2022 || Phase 5 of voting in Xiangshan, Tuohe, Jianghui, Xufang and Yunjin provinces.
| 16 January 2022 || Phase 5 of voting in Chengchao, Jianghui, Xufang, Zhijian and Yunjin provinces.
|-
|-
| 16 February 2022 || New House of Deputies Assembled
| 16 February 2022 || New Legislative Council Assembled
|}
|}


==Parties==
==Parties==
As a result of constitutional reform in 2021 to register for elections in Shangea strict limitations for parties have been introduced. Parties can only run for the Legislative Council if they operate nationally; that is run in all provinces of Shangea (with the exception of Jindao) and have membership in all provinces. Provincial parties must have at least 5,000 members. All parties must be approved by the Examination Council. Additionally, all parties have to abide by the "Five Cardinal Principles" of the Shangean nation with those being -
*[[National Principlism]] (国家主体主义)
*[[Shangean nationalism]] (晓东民族主义)
*[[Southern democracy|Democracy with discipline]] (有纪律的民主)
*{{wp|Three Principles of the People#Mínshēng or Welfare Rights|Social reform}} (社会改革)
*{{wp|Asian values|Society of moralism}} (道德主义)
The Examination Council approved eight political parties to run in the 2022 election, the lowest since the 1989 Legislative Council election. The majority of these parties have been considered to be part of the {{wp|Non-system opposition|managed opposition}} that functionally support the incumbent government; only the National Regeneration Movement list is seen to run dangwei politicians on it.
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left
|-
|-
Line 127: Line 151:
| [[National Principlism]], [[Shangean nationalism]]
| [[National Principlism]], [[Shangean nationalism]]
| [[Jiang Zhongyu]]
| [[Jiang Zhongyu]]
| Patriotic Alliance for a Harmonious Country
| None
| {{Composition bar|420|750|hex=#DC143C}}
| {{Composition bar|420|750|hex=#DC143C}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
Line 147: Line 171:
| National Regeneration Movement
| National Regeneration Movement
| {{Composition bar|24|750|hex=#FCC01D}}
| {{Composition bar|24|750|hex=#FCC01D}}
|{{N}}
|-
| style="background:#00AB4F" |
| [[File:Democratic Progressive Party Hong Kong Logo.svg|50px]]
| Democratic Party of the People
| {{wp|Populism}}, [[Shangean nationalism]]
| Ding Xifeng
| National Regeneration Movement
| {{Composition bar|0|750|hex=#00AB4F}}
|{{N}}
|-
| style="background:#DD0029" |
| [[File:SDCP logo.png|50px]]
| Shangean Democratic Communist Party
| {{wp|Communism}}, {{wp|Democratic Socialism}}
| Wei Pengfei
| National Regeneration Movement
| {{Composition bar|0|750|hex=#DD0029}}
|{{N}}
|-
| style="background:#0B2D5F" |
| [[File:Reform and Innovation Alliance logo.png|50px]]
| Reform and Innovation Alliance
| {{wp|Neoliberalism}}, {{wp|Social conservatism}}
| Yin Hong
| None
| {{Composition bar|0|750|hex=#0B2D5F}}
|{{N}}
|-
| style="background:#F79518" |
| [[File:League of Social Democrats logo.png|50px]]
| Liberal Socialist Party
| {{wp|Social democracy}}, {{wp|Social liberalism}}
| Dong Xiaotong
| National Regeneration Movement
| {{Composition bar|0|750|hex=#F79518}}
|{{N}}
|-
| style="background:#91268E" |
| [[File:PV logo variation.svg|50px]]
| National Solidarity Party
| [[National Principlism]], {{wp|Religious nationalism}}
| Zeng Bojing
| None
| {{Composition bar|0|750|hex=#F79518}}
|{{N}}
|{{N}}
|}
|}
Line 152: Line 221:
==Campaign==
==Campaign==
==Opinion Polls==
==Opinion Polls==
{{Graph:Chart
|hannotatonslabel=
|yGrid=yes
|linewidth=2.5
|yAxisMin=0
|yAxisTitle=% of votes
|vannotatonsline=
|position=centre
|vannotatonslabel=
|xAxisAngle=-10
|xType=date
|x=2017/01/01, 2017/02/01, 2017/03/01, 2017/04/01, 2017/05/01, 2017/06/01, 2017/07/01, 2017/08/01, 2017/09/01, 2017/10/01, 2017/11/01, 2017/12/01, 2018/01/01, 2018/02/01, 2018/03/01, 2018/04/01, 2018/05/01, 2018/06/01, 2018/07/01, 2018/08/01, 2018/09/01, 2018/10/01, 2018/11/01, 2018/12/01, 2019/01/01, 2019/02/01, 2019/03/01, 2019/04/01, 2019/05/01, 2019/06/01, 2019/07/01, 2019/08/01, 2019/09/01, 2019/10/01, 2019/11/01, 2019/12/01, 2020/01/01, 2020/02/01, 2020/03/01, 2020/04/01, 2020/05/01, 2020/06/01, 2020/07/01, 2020/08/01, 2020/09/01, 2020/10/01, 2020/11/01, 2020/12/01, 2021/01/01, 2021/02/01, 2021/03/01, 2021/04/01, 2021/05/01, 2021/06/01, 2021/07/01, 2021/08/01, 2021/09/01, 2021/10/01, 2021/11/01, 2021/12/01, 2022/01/01
|legend=Legend:
|width=780
|height=390
|type=line
|interpolate=bundle
|hannotatonsline=5
|colors=#DC143C,#00A550,#00CCCC,#FCC01D,#555555
|showSymbols=1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
|symbolsShape=circle
|symbolsNoFill=false
|symbolsStroke=1.25
|xAxisTitle=date
|xAxisMax=1641768000000
|y1Title=Society for Restoring Benevolence|y1=39, 44, 48, 47, 50, 48, 51, 55, 53, 50, 52, 56, 54, 55, 52, 57, 54, 61, 64, 60, 62, 67, 64, 66, 65, 64, 60, 61, 58, 55, 55, 52, 54, 51, 53, 50, 48, 44
|y2Title=Democratic Action Alliance|y2=24, 18, 15, 13, 15, 12, 8, 5, 7, 6, 4, 6, 8, 10, 8, 11, 8,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
|y3Title=Association for Promoting Democracy|y3=16, 17, 14, 15, 14, 16, 14, 15, 12, 16, 17, 12, 10, 12, 14, 10, 13, 14, 13, 15, 14, 10, 11, 14, 12, 9, 15, 12, 16, 17, 15, 14, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 16
|y4Title=Movement for National Principlism|y4=8, 6, 4, 7, 6, 4, 7, 6, 7, 8, 10, 6, 6, 4, 6, 4, 7, 6, 8, 9, 10, 9, 10, 8, 8, 11, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 13, 14, 16, 14, 13, 15, 12
|y5Title=Other/No Party|y5=5, 15, 19, 18, 15, 20, 20, 19, 21, 20, 17, 20, 22, 19, 20, 18, 18, 19, 15, 16, 14, 14, 15, 12, 15, 16, 15, 16, 14, 14, 15, 21, 20, 19, 18, 21, 20, 28
}}
==Controversies==
==Results==
==Results==
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
|colspan=9|[[File:2022 LegCo.svg|center|300px]]
|-
!colspan=2 rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|Party
!colspan=4|Votes
!colspan=3|Seats
|-
! style="width:75px;"| Geographical Constituencies
! style="width:45px;"| %
! style="width:45px;"| Occupational Constituencies
! style="width:75px;"| %
! style="width:75px;"| Geographical Constituencies
! style="width:45px;"| Occupational Constituencies
! style="width:45px;"| Total
|-
|style="background:#DC143C"| ||align=left|[[Society for Restoring Benevolence]]||225,890,784||66.84||2,809,573||62.15||408||107||515
|-
|style="background:#DDDDDD"| ||align=left|{{wp|Independent (politics)|Nonpartisan}}||18,258,938||5.40||1,250,303||27.66||33||29||62
|-
|style="background:#00CCCC"| ||align=left|[[Association for Promoting Democracy]]||41,469,783||12.27||85,865||1.90||59||2||61
|-
|style="background:#FCC01D| ||align=left|[[Movement for National Principlism]]||16,105,839||4.77||59,374||1.31||16||1||17
|-
|style="background:#00AB4F"| ||align=left|Democratic Party of the People||14,086,942||4.17||70,583||1.56||14||2||16
|-
|style="background:#0B2D5F"| ||align=left|Reform and Innovation Alliance||6,001,795||1.78||169,373||3.75||6||8||14
|-
|style="background:#DD0029"| ||align=left|Shangean Democratic Communist Party||8,695,387||2.57||101||0.0||7||0||7
|-
|style="background:#F79518"| ||align=left|Liberal Socialist Party||5,385,034||1.59||583||0.01||4||0||4
|-
|style="background:#91268E"| ||align=left|National Solidarity Party||2,068,723||0.61||74,977||1.66||3||1||4
|-
|style="background:#C3B091"| ||align=left|[[Army of National Salvation|Military representatives]]||-||-||-||-||-||-||50
|-
|align=left colspan=2|Invalid/blank votes||8,069,483||–||15||–||-||-||-
|-
|align=left colspan=2|'''Total'''||'''346,032,708'''||'''-'''||'''4,520,747'''||'''-'''||'''-'''||'''-'''||'''-'''
|-
|align=left colspan=2|Registered voters/turnout||497,859,377||69.50||4,521,229||99.9||-||-||-
|}
[[Category:Shangea]]
[[Category:Shangea]]
[[Category:Shangea]]

Latest revision as of 04:11, 23 January 2022

2022 Shangean legislative election
← 2017 7th-16th January 2022
700 of the 750 seats in the Legislative Council
376 seats needed for a majority
  First party Second party Third party
  Xi Jinping 2019.jpg 高雄市長 韓國瑜.jpg Rocky S. Tuan in Oct 2019.png
Leader Jiang Zhongyu Zhao Xiaojing Yang Weisheng
Party Society for Restoring Benevolence Association for Promoting Democracy National Regeneration Movement
Parties
Leader since 2015 2014 2017
Seats before 420 76 24
Seats won 515 61 44
Seat change Increase95 Decrease15 Increase20
Popular vote 225,890,784 41,469,783 44,273,202
Percentage 66.84% 12.27% 13.1%
Legislative Council President before election

Wang Hongzhi
Society for Restoring Benevolence

Legislative Council President

TBD

The 2022 election for the Shangean legislative council was held across the month of January 2022. Voting took place for 700 of the 750 seats in the legislative council. It is the first national election to be held since the start of Normalisation in 2017.

The election saw the governing Society for Restoring Benevolence win a supermajority of both the vote and seats.

Electoral process

Shangea holds elections every five years for 700 of the seats in the Legislative Council (550 elected by universal suffrage and 150 elected through occupational constituencies). Voting for the directly-elected seats is done through a single non-transferable vote system with multi-member electoral districts ranging from 2 to 7 seats. Occupational constituencies use single-member plurality voting.

Voters were given a single ballot paper for district seats. Voting is either done by paper or through electronic voting in certain localities. Ballots are deposited in clear boxes and voters must dip their right thumb in ink after voting in order to deter electoral fraud. Shangeans living overseas can vote in either the embassies and consulates, mobile polling stations, or by post.

Eligible voters must be Shangean citizens, 18 or older than 18, an ordinary resident of the polling area of the district seats and registered to vote (name included in the electoral rolls), possess a valid voter identification card issued by the National Electoral Bureau. The National Electoral Bureau can bar people from voting if they have comitted certain crimes or show "disrespect for the electoral process". For occupational constituencies voters are chosen by the National Electoral Bureau and approved by the Examination Council.

Voting is staggered over two weeks and held in five stages with different provinces voting during these sections. Voting during each stage lasts from 7AM to 11PM. Campaigning and polling is strictly prohibited during this period. The National Electoral Bureau must release the results of the election 14 days after the final polling stations close.

The National Electoral Bureau announced in December 2021 that 497,859,377 people were on the electoral roll. There are 553,177 polling stations averaging about 900 voters per station. Around 4,500,000 individuals and 14,507 companies vote in occupational constituencies. 28 million people are involved in the running of the electoral process consisting of election officers and polling station guards. A budget of €3.2 billion has been allocated to hold the election.

Background

The last Shangean election was held in 2017 being the first snap election in Shangean history being held as a result of the 2016-17 Shangean Protests. The elections saw the incumbent ruling party, the Society for Restoring Benevolence lose a significant amount of seats and votes despite retaining a majority in the Legislative Council. The results were widely suspected to have been influenced by electoral fraud including ballot stuffing, invalidation of ballots and tampering electronic voting systems with the opposition Democratic Action Alliance (DAA) calling for the Judicial Council to declare the election results as invalid. When the Judicial Council president Yi Shaoqing certified the results as valid the protests intensified. This led to the Shangean government to order a mass crackdown on the protesters on the 28th January and introduce a series of purges against perceived dissent in Shangea. Terming the process Normalisation (Shangean: 拨乱反正; bōluànfǎnzhèng, literally meaning "eliminating chaos and returning to normal") up to 100,000 people were arrested and a further 300,000 dismissed from their jobs.

On the 4th February 41 opposition legislators including the DAA leader Hu Wenjuan and protest leader Chen Qianshi were detained by the Shangean government on sedition charges. The Shangean government also banned the Path of Democracy political party for terrorism with co-leader Kang Yongqing fleeing to Senria. These actions led to the the member parties of the DAA to resign from their seats in the Legislative Council in protest, leaving the Legislative Council without any opposition (dangwei) representation. On the 23rd April 2018 the main dangwei party, the People's Party, re-elected Hu Wenjuan as their leader despite her continued imprisonment leading to the National Electoral Bureau on the 1st June barring the member parties of the DAA from contesting national elections on the basis of "failing to apply by electoral standards".

A partial relaxation of Normalisation measures was made on the 13th May 2018 when the state of emergency declared on the 29th January 2017 was repealed, which also ended an association curfew, the ability to police to search houses without warrants and liberalise some media controls. On the 10th August 2020 State Chairman Yuan Xiannian announced that Normalisation measures would not be renewed for 2021 and that the government would introduce a new National Security Law and constitutional revisions to institutionalise aspects of Normalisation. The constitutional reforms including merging the semi-autonomous anti-sedition courts into the existing judiciary system, moving appointment of judges to be solely the purview of the Judicial Council with approval from the State Presidium and transferring powers from Ministry of Justice to the Judicial Council and the State Presidium. The constitutional amendments also made it illegal to insult Shangea, the Shangean nation, Shangean government institutions, or Shangean national heroes such as the Jianzhao Emperor or Lu Keqian. The reforms also imposed a five year term limit for the premier, vice-premier, ministers and the President of the Legislative Council which can be renewed once and will take effect upon the elections for the Legislative Council in 2022. The reforms were passed by the Legislative Council on the 17th January 2021 and received approval from the State Presidium the next day.

Timetable

Electoral stage by province
■ – Stage 1 voting - 7 January 2022.
■ – Stage 2 voting - 10 January 2022.
■ – Stage 3 voting - 12 January 2022.
■ – Stage 5 voting - 16 January 2022.
28 October 2021 The State Presidium fixes the date of elections from the 7th to 16th January in 2022.
12 November 2021 Last day members of the public could register to vote.
14 November 2021 Last day for candidates to file nomination papers.
5 December 2021 Formal dissolution of the Legislative Council; start of campaign period.
7 January 2022 Phase 1 of voting in Qigao, Heping, Luoyuan, Baiqiao, Baishadao, Nanqing and Meishan provinces.
10 January 2022 Phase 2 of voting in Zhongan, Rongzhuo, Wushan, Tuohe, and Chanwa provinces.
12 January 2022 Phase 3 of voting in Anqian, Weishang, Shenkong, Xiangshan, Yongba and Baozhou provinces.
15 January 2022 Phase 4 of voting in the occupational constituencies.
16 January 2022 Phase 5 of voting in Chengchao, Jianghui, Xufang, Zhijian and Yunjin provinces.
16 February 2022 New Legislative Council Assembled

Parties

As a result of constitutional reform in 2021 to register for elections in Shangea strict limitations for parties have been introduced. Parties can only run for the Legislative Council if they operate nationally; that is run in all provinces of Shangea (with the exception of Jindao) and have membership in all provinces. Provincial parties must have at least 5,000 members. All parties must be approved by the Examination Council. Additionally, all parties have to abide by the "Five Cardinal Principles" of the Shangean nation with those being -

The Examination Council approved eight political parties to run in the 2022 election, the lowest since the 1989 Legislative Council election. The majority of these parties have been considered to be part of the managed opposition that functionally support the incumbent government; only the National Regeneration Movement list is seen to run dangwei politicians on it.

Party Ideology Leader Alliance Outgoing
seats 		In government
Society for Restoring Benevolence logo small.png Society for Restoring Benevolence National Principlism, Shangean nationalism Jiang Zhongyu None
420 / 750
 Green tickY
APD logo.png Association for Promoting Democracy Shangean ultranationalism, Revanchism Zhao Xiaojing None
76 / 750
 Red XN
NPM logo.png Movement for National Principlism National Principlism, Left-wing populism Yang Weisheng National Regeneration Movement
24 / 750
 Red XN
Democratic Progressive Party Hong Kong Logo.svg Democratic Party of the People Populism, Shangean nationalism Ding Xifeng National Regeneration Movement
0 / 750
 Red XN
SDCP logo.png Shangean Democratic Communist Party Communism, Democratic Socialism Wei Pengfei National Regeneration Movement
0 / 750
 Red XN
Reform and Innovation Alliance logo.png Reform and Innovation Alliance Neoliberalism, Social conservatism Yin Hong None
0 / 750
 Red XN
League of Social Democrats logo.png Liberal Socialist Party Social democracy, Social liberalism Dong Xiaotong National Regeneration Movement
0 / 750
 Red XN
PV logo variation.svg National Solidarity Party National Principlism, Religious nationalism Zeng Bojing None
0 / 750
 Red XN

Campaign

Opinion Polls

<graph>{"legends":[{"properties":{"title":{"fill":{"value":"#54595d"}},"labels":{"fill":{"value":"#54595d"}}},"stroke":"color","title":"Legend:","fill":"color"}],"scales":[{"clamp":true,"type":"time","name":"x","domainMax":"1641768000000","domain":{"data":"chart","field":"x"},"zero":false,"range":"width","nice":false},{"clamp":true,"type":"linear","name":"y","domain":{"data":"chart","field":"y"},"domainMin":0,"zero":false,"range":"height","nice":true},{"domain":{"data":"chart","field":"series"},"type":"ordinal","name":"color","range":["#dc143c","#00a550","#00cccc","#fcc01d","#555555"]}],"version":2,"marks":[{"type":"group","marks":[{"properties":{"hover":{"stroke":{"value":"red"}},"update":{"stroke":{"scale":"color","field":"series"}},"enter":{"y":{"scale":"y","field":"y"},"x":{"scale":"x","field":"x"},"stroke":{"scale":"color","field":"series"},"interpolate":{"value":"bundle"},"strokeWidth":{"value":2.5}}},"type":"line"},{"properties":{"enter":{"y":{"scale":"y","field":"y"},"x":{"scale":"x","field":"x"},"size":{"value":49},"shape":"circle","fill":{"scale":"color","field":"series"}}},"type":"symbol"}],"from":{"data":"chart","transform":[{"groupby":["series"],"type":"facet"}]}}],"height":390,"axes":[{"type":"x","title":"date","scale":"x","properties":{"title":{"fill":{"value":"#54595d"}},"grid":{"stroke":{"value":"#54595d"}},"ticks":{"stroke":{"value":"#54595d"}},"axis":{"strokeWidth":{"value":2},"stroke":{"value":"#54595d"}},"labels":{"align":{"value":"right"},"angle":{"value":-10},"fill":{"value":"#54595d"}}},"grid":false},{"type":"y","title":"% of votes","scale":"y","format":"d","properties":{"title":{"fill":{"value":"#54595d"}},"grid":{"stroke":{"value":"#54595d"}},"ticks":{"stroke":{"value":"#54595d"}},"axis":{"strokeWidth":{"value":2},"stroke":{"value":"#54595d"}},"labels":{"fill":{"value":"#54595d"}}},"grid":true}],"data":[{"format":{"parse":{"y":"integer","x":"date"},"type":"json"},"name":"chart","values":[{"y":39,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2017/01/01"},{"y":44,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2017/02/01"},{"y":48,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2017/03/01"},{"y":47,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2017/04/01"},{"y":50,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2017/05/01"},{"y":48,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2017/06/01"},{"y":51,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2017/07/01"},{"y":55,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2017/08/01"},{"y":53,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2017/09/01"},{"y":50,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2017/10/01"},{"y":52,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2017/11/01"},{"y":56,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2017/12/01"},{"y":54,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2018/01/01"},{"y":55,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2018/02/01"},{"y":52,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2018/03/01"},{"y":57,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2018/04/01"},{"y":54,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2018/05/01"},{"y":61,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2018/06/01"},{"y":64,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2018/07/01"},{"y":60,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2018/08/01"},{"y":62,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2018/09/01"},{"y":67,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2018/10/01"},{"y":64,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2018/11/01"},{"y":66,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2018/12/01"},{"y":65,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2019/01/01"},{"y":64,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2019/02/01"},{"y":60,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2019/03/01"},{"y":61,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2019/04/01"},{"y":58,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2019/05/01"},{"y":55,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2019/06/01"},{"y":55,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2019/07/01"},{"y":52,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2019/08/01"},{"y":54,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2019/09/01"},{"y":51,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2019/10/01"},{"y":53,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2019/11/01"},{"y":50,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2019/12/01"},{"y":48,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2020/01/01"},{"y":44,"series":"Society for Restoring Benevolence","x":"2020/02/01"},{"y":24,"series":"Democratic Action Alliance","x":"2017/01/01"},{"y":18,"series":"Democratic Action Alliance","x":"2017/02/01"},{"y":15,"series":"Democratic Action Alliance","x":"2017/03/01"},{"y":13,"series":"Democratic Action Alliance","x":"2017/04/01"},{"y":15,"series":"Democratic Action Alliance","x":"2017/05/01"},{"y":12,"series":"Democratic Action Alliance","x":"2017/06/01"},{"y":8,"series":"Democratic Action Alliance","x":"2017/07/01"},{"y":5,"series":"Democratic Action Alliance","x":"2017/08/01"},{"y":7,"series":"Democratic Action Alliance","x":"2017/09/01"},{"y":6,"series":"Democratic Action Alliance","x":"2017/10/01"},{"y":4,"series":"Democratic Action Alliance","x":"2017/11/01"},{"y":6,"series":"Democratic Action Alliance","x":"2017/12/01"},{"y":8,"series":"Democratic Action Alliance","x":"2018/01/01"},{"y":10,"series":"Democratic Action Alliance","x":"2018/02/01"},{"y":8,"series":"Democratic Action Alliance","x":"2018/03/01"},{"y":11,"series":"Democratic Action Alliance","x":"2018/04/01"},{"y":8,"series":"Democratic Action Alliance","x":"2018/05/01"},{"y":16,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2017/01/01"},{"y":17,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2017/02/01"},{"y":14,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2017/03/01"},{"y":15,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2017/04/01"},{"y":14,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2017/05/01"},{"y":16,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2017/06/01"},{"y":14,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2017/07/01"},{"y":15,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2017/08/01"},{"y":12,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2017/09/01"},{"y":16,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2017/10/01"},{"y":17,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2017/11/01"},{"y":12,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2017/12/01"},{"y":10,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2018/01/01"},{"y":12,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2018/02/01"},{"y":14,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2018/03/01"},{"y":10,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2018/04/01"},{"y":13,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2018/05/01"},{"y":14,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2018/06/01"},{"y":13,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2018/07/01"},{"y":15,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2018/08/01"},{"y":14,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2018/09/01"},{"y":10,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2018/10/01"},{"y":11,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2018/11/01"},{"y":14,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2018/12/01"},{"y":12,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2019/01/01"},{"y":9,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2019/02/01"},{"y":15,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2019/03/01"},{"y":12,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2019/04/01"},{"y":16,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2019/05/01"},{"y":17,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2019/06/01"},{"y":15,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2019/07/01"},{"y":14,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2019/08/01"},{"y":12,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2019/09/01"},{"y":14,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2019/10/01"},{"y":15,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2019/11/01"},{"y":16,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2019/12/01"},{"y":17,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2020/01/01"},{"y":16,"series":"Association for Promoting Democracy","x":"2020/02/01"},{"y":8,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2017/01/01"},{"y":6,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2017/02/01"},{"y":4,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2017/03/01"},{"y":7,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2017/04/01"},{"y":6,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2017/05/01"},{"y":4,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2017/06/01"},{"y":7,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2017/07/01"},{"y":6,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2017/08/01"},{"y":7,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2017/09/01"},{"y":8,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2017/10/01"},{"y":10,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2017/11/01"},{"y":6,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2017/12/01"},{"y":6,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2018/01/01"},{"y":4,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2018/02/01"},{"y":6,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2018/03/01"},{"y":4,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2018/04/01"},{"y":7,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2018/05/01"},{"y":6,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2018/06/01"},{"y":8,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2018/07/01"},{"y":9,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2018/08/01"},{"y":10,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2018/09/01"},{"y":9,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2018/10/01"},{"y":10,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2018/11/01"},{"y":8,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2018/12/01"},{"y":8,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2019/01/01"},{"y":11,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2019/02/01"},{"y":10,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2019/03/01"},{"y":11,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2019/04/01"},{"y":12,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2019/05/01"},{"y":14,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2019/06/01"},{"y":15,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2019/07/01"},{"y":13,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2019/08/01"},{"y":14,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2019/09/01"},{"y":16,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2019/10/01"},{"y":14,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2019/11/01"},{"y":13,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2019/12/01"},{"y":15,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2020/01/01"},{"y":12,"series":"Movement for National Principlism","x":"2020/02/01"},{"y":5,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2017/01/01"},{"y":15,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2017/02/01"},{"y":19,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2017/03/01"},{"y":18,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2017/04/01"},{"y":15,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2017/05/01"},{"y":20,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2017/06/01"},{"y":20,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2017/07/01"},{"y":19,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2017/08/01"},{"y":21,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2017/09/01"},{"y":20,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2017/10/01"},{"y":17,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2017/11/01"},{"y":20,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2017/12/01"},{"y":22,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2018/01/01"},{"y":19,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2018/02/01"},{"y":20,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2018/03/01"},{"y":18,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2018/04/01"},{"y":18,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2018/05/01"},{"y":19,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2018/06/01"},{"y":15,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2018/07/01"},{"y":16,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2018/08/01"},{"y":14,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2018/09/01"},{"y":14,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2018/10/01"},{"y":15,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2018/11/01"},{"y":12,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2018/12/01"},{"y":15,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2019/01/01"},{"y":16,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2019/02/01"},{"y":15,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2019/03/01"},{"y":16,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2019/04/01"},{"y":14,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2019/05/01"},{"y":14,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2019/06/01"},{"y":15,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2019/07/01"},{"y":21,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2019/08/01"},{"y":20,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2019/09/01"},{"y":19,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2019/10/01"},{"y":18,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2019/11/01"},{"y":21,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2019/12/01"},{"y":20,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2020/01/01"},{"y":28,"series":"Other/No Party","x":"2020/02/01"}]}],"width":780}</graph>

Controversies

Results

2022 LegCo.svg
Party Votes Seats
Geographical Constituencies % Occupational Constituencies % Geographical Constituencies Occupational Constituencies Total
Society for Restoring Benevolence 225,890,784 66.84 2,809,573 62.15 408 107 515
Nonpartisan 18,258,938 5.40 1,250,303 27.66 33 29 62
Association for Promoting Democracy 41,469,783 12.27 85,865 1.90 59 2 61
Movement for National Principlism 16,105,839 4.77 59,374 1.31 16 1 17
Democratic Party of the People 14,086,942 4.17 70,583 1.56 14 2 16
Reform and Innovation Alliance 6,001,795 1.78 169,373 3.75 6 8 14
Shangean Democratic Communist Party 8,695,387 2.57 101 0.0 7 0 7
Liberal Socialist Party 5,385,034 1.59 583 0.01 4 0 4
National Solidarity Party 2,068,723 0.61 74,977 1.66 3 1 4
Military representatives - - - - - - 50
Invalid/blank votes 8,069,483 – 15 – - - -
Total 346,032,708 - 4,520,747 - - - -
Registered voters/turnout 497,859,377 69.50 4,521,229 99.9 - - -
Retrieved from "https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=2022_Shangean_legislative_election&oldid=451745"