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{{Region icon Anteria}}{{NSNIcon|Anahuac}}
{{Region icon Anteria}}
{{Short description|Country in Olivacia}}
{{Infobox country
{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Gran Rugido
|conventional_long_name = Federal Republic of Anahuac
|native_name =        República Federal del Gran Rugido
|native_name =        República Federal de Anáhuac ({{wp|Spanish language|Spanish}})
|image_flag =        File:Flag Gran Rugido New (1).png
|image_flag =        [[File:Flag Gran Rugido New (1).png|125px]]
|image_coat =        [[File:GR New CoA.png|100px|frameless]]
|image_coat =        [[File:GR New CoA.png|100px]]
|national_motto =    '''In Unum Progredientes'''
|national_motto =    '''In Unum Progredientes'''
|englishmotto =      ''Progressing in Unity''
|englishmotto =      ''Progressing in Unity''
|national_anthem =    "El Rugido de la Nación"
|national_anthem =    "¡Unidos por Anáhuac!"
|image_map =          [[File:Gran Rugido in the World.png|320px|frameless]]
|image_map =          [[File:Gran Rugido in the World.png|280px|frameless]]
|capital =            [[San Jorge Xayacatlán]]
|capital =            [[San Jorge Xayacatlán]]
|largest_city =       [[Santa Elisa]]
|official_languages = {{wp|Spanish language|Spanish}} ''{{wp|De facto|De facto}}''
|official_languages = None at federal level
|recognized_languages = Spanish and [[Languages of Anáhuac|32 Olivancian]] languages
|recognized_languages = Spanish and 12 Amerindian languages.
|ethnic_groups =      [[Indigenous people of Anáhuac|24 Olivancian]] and [[Demographics of Anáhuac#Ethnic groups|diverse foreign ethnic groups]]
|national_languages = Spanish
|religion =          88.9% {{wp|Christianity|Christianity}}
|ethnic_groups =      Sapinish, Tarascanian, Mayaʼtʼàan, Dizhsa, En Ngixo, Jilachi, Didxazon
—77.7% {{wp|Catholic Church|Catholic}}
|religion =          88.9% [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity Christianity]
—11.2% {{wp|Protestantism|Protestant}}
—77.7% [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church Roman Catholic]
8.1% {{wp|Irreligion|Irreligious}}
—11.2% [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism Protestantism]
0.2% Others
8.1% [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreligion Irreligious]
0.2% Other religions
2.5% Unaffiliated (believer)
2.5% Unaffiliated (believer)
|demonym =            Rugidoense, Gran Rugidoense
|demonym =            Anahuaca/a, Anahuense, Anahuacian
|government_type =    Federal presidential constitutional republic
|government_type =    Federal presidential constitutional republic
|leader_title1 =      [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_(government_title) President]
|leader_title1 =      {{wp|President (government title)|President of Anáhuac}}
|leader_name1 = [[Matías Torres|Matías Larrazábal Torres]]
|leader_name1 = [[Enciclopedia General del Anáhuac#Contemporary Anáhuac (1973 - present)|Matías L. Torres]]
|leader_title2 =      [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_minister Prime Minister]
|leader_title2 =      {{wp|Prime Minister|Prime Minister of Anáhuac}}
|leader_name2 = [[Fernanda Hernández Alanis]]
|leader_name2 = [[Enciclopedia General del Anáhuac#Contemporary Anáhuac (1973 - present)|Fernanda Hernández Alanis]]
<!--......-->
<!--......-->
|leader_title14 =      President of the Senate
|leader_title14 =      President of the Senate
|leader_name14 = [[Odilo Beltrones Leyva]]
|leader_name14 = [[Enciclopedia General del Anáhuac#Contemporary Anáhuac (1973 - present)|Odilo Beltrones Leyva]]
|legislature =        [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress Congress]
|legislature =        {{wp|Congress|Congress}}
|upper_house =        [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate Senate]
|upper_house =        {{wp|Senate|Senate}}
|lower_house =        [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies Chamber of Deputies]
|lower_house =        {{wp|Chamber of Deputies|Chamber of Deputies}}
|sovereignty_type =  '''Independence from: Canter Republic'''
|sovereignty_type =  '''Independence from: [[Canter Empire]]'''
|established_event1 = Declaration of Independence
|established_event1 = Declaration of Independence
|established_date1 =  October 12, 1808
|established_date1 =  12 October 1808
|established_event2 = Consumated
|established_event2 = Consumated
|established_date2 =  17 February, 1810
|established_date2 =  15 September 1811
|established_event3 = First constitution
|established_event3 = First constitution
|established_date3 =  December 12, 1811
|established_date3 =  12 December 1824
|established_event4 = Second constitution
|established_event4 = Second constitution
|established_date4 =  May 5, 1860
|established_date4 =  4 January 1856
|established_event5 = Current constitution
|established_event5 = Current constitution
|established_date5 =  May 5, 1917
|established_date5 =  5 May 1917
|established_event6 = Santa Elisa Accords
|established_event6 = End of [[Anahuense Civil War|civil war]].
|established_date6 =  September 19, 1970
|established_date6 =  25 September 1970
|area =               
|area =               
|area_km2 =          1,230,307 
|area_km2 =          1,257,343
|area_sq_mi =        475,024
|area_sq_mi =        485,462
|population_census =   52,165,016
|population_census = 112,095,000
|population_census_year = 2020
|population_census_year = 2020
|population_density_km2 = 42.4
|population_density_km2 = 89.1
|population_density_sq_mi =  
|population_density_sq_mi =  
|GDP_PPP =                     1.275 trillion
|GDP_PPP = 2.06 trillion
|GDP_PPP_year = 2020
|GDP_PPP_year = 2022
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = 20,266
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = 20,266
|GDP_nominal = $443 billion
|GDP_nominal = $1.200 trillion
|GDP_nominal_year = 2020
|GDP_nominal_year = 2020
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = 9,246
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = 10,250
|Gini =                       45.1
|Gini =               44.9
|Gini_rank =  
|Gini_rank =  
|Gini_year = 2016
|Gini_year = 2016
|HDI_year =          2019
|HDI_year =          2019
|HDI =                0.770
|HDI =                0.790
|HDI_change =        Steady
|HDI_change =        Steady
|currency =          [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_peso Rugidoan Peso]
|currency =          [[Anahuaca peso]]
|currency_code =      [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217 ISO 4217]
|currency_code =      {{wp|ISO 4217|ISO 4217}}
|time_zone =          [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time#Time_zones UTC]+5 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time#Time_zones UTC] +6
|time_zone =          {{wp|UTC+05:00|UTC+05:00}} {{wp|UTC+06:00|UTC+06:00}}
|date_format =        dd-mm-yyyy
|date_format =        dd-mm-yyyy
|drives_on =          right
|drives_on =          right
|calling_code =      +52
|calling_code =      +52
|cctld =              .gr
|cctld =              .ana
}}
}}


'''Gran Rugido''' (Sapinish: Ueytekoyolistl, often stylized as ''Huitecoyolistli''), officially the '''Federal Republic of Gran Rugido''' (''República Federal de Gran Rugido)'' is a country in the center portion of [[Olivacia]], [[Anteria]]. It is bordered to the north by [[Savane]]; to the south by [[Marlenka]], to the east by [[Lake Girón]], Nellentroterra and the [[Zhiguryian Regency]] and to the west with the [[Sunadic Bay]]. Covering 1,230,307 square kilometers, Gran Rugido is organized as a federation comprising 12 states with [[San Jorge Xayacatlán]] as its national capital. Other major urban areas include [[Santa Elisa]], [[Aztlán]], [[Santiago de Lujambio]], [[Mendoza]], [[San Agustín]], [[Ixchel]], and [[Los Canas]].
'''Anáhuac''', officially the '''Federal Republic of Anáhuac''' (''Spanish: República Federal de Anáhuac'') is a country in the southern portion of [[Olivacia]]. It is bordered by [[Riojania]] in the north; to the west by the [[Sunadic Ocean]]; and to the east by [[Zhiguryia]] and the [[Kaldaz Ocean]]. Anáhuac covers 1,257,343 square kilometers (485,462sq mi), with approximately 112,095,000 inhabitants <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtLSaxRnIhc/ MINEGI]. ''Ministerio Nacional de Estadistica y Geografía''- www.inegi.org.an. Retrieved 26 October 2022.</ref>. Anáhuac is organized as a federation comprising 13 states and [[San Jorge Xayacatlán]], its capital and largest metropolis. Other major urban areas include [[Santa Elisa]], [[Santiago de Lujambio]], [[Hernández de Córdoba]], [[Héroica Ciudad de Mendoza]], [[Ixchel]], [[San Agustín]], [[Gran Rugido (city)|Gran Rugido]] and [[Los Canas]].


Gran Rugido has been inhabited by various indigenous peoples since at least 12,000 BCE, including the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexica Sapinish], the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olmecs Dizhsans] and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_peoples Tarascanians]. The [[Canterian Empire]] landed first in the country in 1519 and was conquered by 1521. The new colony in Olivacia was ruled by the Canterians under the [[Kingdom of New Canteria]] for nearly three centuries. Independence from the [[Canter Republic]] was achieved in 1810, with what is now Gran Rugido emerging as the [[First Republic of Gran Rugido]]. The new nation experimented with [[First Empire of Sapin|monarchisim]] [[Second Empire of Sapin|twice]], before transitioning with republicanism as the [[United States of Gran Rugido]], the [[Federation of Gran Rugido]], and the modern day Federal Republic of Gran Rugido declared in 1880. The [[Rugidoense Revolution]] led to a new and the actual constitution. Beginning in the 1920s, the country suffered from an asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict and political violence, which escalated into a [[Gran Rugidoense Civil War|civil war]] in 1968. Since 1982, there has been significant improvement in security, stability, and rule of law, as well as unprecedented economic growth and development.
Human prescence in Anáhuac traces its origins to 8,000 BC <ref name="Trejo, A. (1988).">Trejo, A. (1988). ''Historia de las civilizaciones antiguas en Olivacia'' Ministerio Nacional de Antropología e Historia .</ref> and is identified as one of the many cradles of civilization; it was home to many advanced {{wp|Mesoamerica|Mesolivacian}} civilizations, most notably the {{wp|Maya civilization|Tarascans}} and the {{wp|Aztecs|Xalieca}}. In 1521, the [[Canter Empire]] conquered and colonized the region, establishing the colony of [[Vicerroyalty of New Canteria|New Canteria]]. The [[Catholic Church of Anáhuac|Catholic Church]] played an important role in spreading Christianity and the Spanish language, while also preserving some indigenous elements. Native populations were subjugated and heavily exploited to mine rich deposits of precious metals. Over time, a distinct Anahuense identity formed, based on a fusion of Thuandian and indigenous customs; this contributed to the successful [[Anahuacan War of Independence]]. <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtLSaxRnIhc/ The Context of the Anahuense War of Independence].''The History of Anáhuac'' (23rd ed.). Guri: University of Guri Press. pp. 115-230.</ref>


== Etymology ==
Anáhuac's early history as an independent nation state was marked by political and socioeconomic upheaval, with liberal and conservative factions constantly changing the form of government. After the introduction of liberal reforms, a [[Reform War|civil war]] between both factions broke out, and prompted Riamo to [[Riamese intervention in Anáhuac|invade the country]] and install an [[Kingdom of Anahuac|kingdom]], against the Republican resistance led by liberal [[Enciclopedia General del Anáhuac#Reform War & Kingdom of Anáhuac (1856 - 1869)|Raymundo Vigil]], which emerged victorious. The last decades of the 19th century were marked by the dictatorship of President [[Enciclopedia General del Anáhuac#Lenociato Era (1875 - 1910)|Ángel Lenoci]], who sought to modernize Anáhuac and restore order.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtLSaxRnIhc/ The Lenociato].''The History of Anáhuac'' (23rd ed.). Guri: University of Guri Press. pp. 504-711.</ref> The Lenociato era ended in 1910 with the seven year-long [[Anahuense Revolution]], which killed approximately 10% of the population and after which the victorious Constitutionalist faction drafted an even more socially-oriented constitution, which remains in effect to this day. The revolutionary generals ruled as a succession of presidents until the assassination of [[Enciclopedia General del Anáhuac#Anahuense Revolution (1910 - 1917)|Ignacio L. Dueñas]] in 1928. In the period of the [[Era of Civil Wars]], [[Anahuense Political crisis|tensions]] between the left and right spectrums over what destiny should the nation take, led to a fourth [[Anahuense Civil War|civil war]]. <ref> Salgado, H. (1986) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtLSaxRnIhc/ La Guerra Civil de mi hogar].''Una breve historia de Anteria y sus problemas sociales''</ref> Since 1970, there has been a unprecedented economic growth and social progress. <ref name="Aristegui, K. (2007)."> Aristegui, K. (2007). ''Breve historia de Anáhuaca en el siglo XXI'' Editoriales Hastings S.A.</ref> <ref name="Castañeda, A. (1988)."> Castañeda, A. (2004). ''¿La establidad deseada?'' Imprenta Nacional de San Jorge S.A de C.V.</ref> <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtLSaxRnIhc/ Anáhuac's progress: example of stability and peace in Olivacia]. ''Imevisión Leogria''. Consulted on November 2, 2013</ref>


In [https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1huatl Sapinish], Gran Rugido comes for the conjunction of the Spanish word for Great and Roar (Gran & Rugido), making reference to the thunderous roar like sound made when the city of [[San Jorge Xayacatlán|Tlaxomolco]] (modern day San Jorge Xayacatlán) was founded fulfilling the standards of Ometéotl. These words in thd Sapinish dialect are '''''uey''''' & '''''tekoyolistli''''' respectively.
Anáhuac is classified as a developed country <ref name="Revista Horokoshi Today"> ''Una vista general a Anáhuac y como se ha alzado en Olivacia'' [[Hoterallia Today Magazine]] .</ref>; it's economy and relatively large population, global cultural influence, and steady democratization makes Anáhuac a regional and middle power; it is often identified as an emerging power but is considered a newly industrialized state by several analysts. However, the country continues to struggle with social inequality, poverty and a rising crime problematic. It often ranks poorly in Global Peace Index<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtLSaxRnIhc/ Global Peace Index of Anteria]. ''Anterian World Assembly''. Latest revision in September 11, 2021.</ref>, due in a large part to the [[Anahuense War on Drugs|low-intensity ongoing conflict]] between the government and drug trafficking syndicates, alongside sporadic [[1988 Siege of Senora|guerr]][[2021 Anahuaca guerrilla uprising|illa]] uprisings. These have led to an approximate 22,000-25,000 deaths since 1988.


Sapinish groups called their lands ''Xalco'' (Sand place), given that most of the Sapin Empire lands were the hostile sands of the [[Jilachi Desert]]. Lands beyond the Sapin speaking world are commonly known as the ''Nikanauak'' (Place where Anahuac ends). These lands are supposedly modern day [[Marlenka]] and [[Savane]] according to historians and anthropologists.
Anáhuac is a prominent member of the [[Saltstil Pact]]<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtLSaxRnIhc/ Anáhuac is welcomed in the Saltstil Pact]. ''Saltstil Web Portal''. Consulted on January 1st, 2022</ref>, the [[Universal Peace Enforcement Organizaition]], and the [[Canterian Commonwealth]].<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtLSaxRnIhc/ El Senado debate la membresía de Anáhuac en la Organización Universal para el Cumplimiento de la Paz]. ''Periodico La Reforma''. Issued on 2020</ref>


== History ==
== Etymology ==


=== Indigenous civilizations ===
Anáhuac signifies "country by the waters" in {{wp|Nahuatl|Xalieca}} language. The name usually refers to the location in which the city of [[San Jorge Xayacatlán|Anáhuac-Jaltenco]] (modern day San Jorge Xayacatlán) was founded fulfilling the standards of {{wp|Ōmeteōtl|Ometéotl}}<ref name="Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas. (2007).">"Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas. (2007). ''Diccionario del idioma Xaliequense'' (3era ed.).</ref>, but also extended to the corresponding coastal area. It can be broken down like ''A(tl) + nahuac''. '''Atl''' means "''water''" and '''nahuac''', which is a relational word that can be affixed to a noun, means "''close to.''"
''Main articles: [[Pre-Canterian Gran Rugido]] and [[Mesoolivacian chronology]]''


The earliest human artifacts in Gran Rugido are chips of stone tools found near campfire remains in the [[Valle de la Calma (region)|Valley of Calm]] and radiocarbon-dated to circa 9,000 years ago. While is probably not the first place to have domesticated this cultives, is the site of the domestication of maize, tomato, and beans produced an agricultural surplus. This enabled the transition from Paleo-Indian hunter-gatherers to sedentary agricultural villages beginning around 5000 BC. In the subsequent formative eras, maize cultivation, and cultural traits such as a mythological and religious complex, and a vigesimal (base 20) numeric system, were diffused from the primitive Rugidoan cultures to the rest of the area.
Modern-day Xalieca groups called their lands ''Xalco'' (Sand place), given that most of the Xaliecan Empire lands were the hostile sands of the [[Jilachi Desert]]. Lands beyond the Xalieca speaking world are commonly known as the ''nic-anahuac'', which meant "Anahuac reached this far", or "those who come from Anahuac came this far". These lands extended as far as to the north, bordering modern day [[Riojania]] <ref name="Ministerio Nacional de Arquelogía e Historia. (1996).">"Ministerio Nacional de Arquelogía e Historia. (1997). ''Historia de la región de Anáhuac actual para los jovenes'' (Tercera Edición.).</ref>, and Lakes [[Lake Girón|Girón]] and [[Lake Atitlán|Atitlán]] according to historians and anthropologists.
[[File:Ruinas del Templo Mayor - Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México.jpg||300px|thumb|right|The ruins of the [[Templo Mayor]]. Center of modern day [[San Jorge Xayacatlán]].]]


First complex civilizations in Gran Rugido can be traced in the [[Dizhan]] culture, which flourished on the southermost part around 400 BC. Dizhan cultural traits diffused through Gran Rugido into other formative-era cultures on modern day [[Estado de Lujambio|Lujambio]], [[Estado de Senora|Senora]] and the Valley of Calm. Other civilizations that followed during the formative period of the nation were the [[Tarascanian civilization|Tarascanian]] and the [[Didxažon civilization|Didxažon]]. In the subsequent pre-classical period, the Tarascanians and Dizhans civilizations developed complex centers at [[Kabah]] and [[La Venta]], respectively. During this period, the first writing systems were developed in the Epi-Dizhsans and the Maya't'aan cultures. The writing tradition reached its height in the Classic Hieroglyphic script. The earliest written stories date from this era.
== History ==


''Main Article: [[History of Anahuac]]''


After splintering from the Dizhans and the Tarascanians in 700 AD, competition ensued between several important political centers in Gran Rugido such as the [[En Ngixo civilization|En Ngixos]] and the [[Nguichee civilization|Nguichee]] civilizations. Toward the end of the post-Classic period, the [[Sapinsh Empire|Sapinish]] eventually estalished themselves as the sole civilization in central Gran Rugido, giving rise to a political and economic empire based in the city of [[Tlaxomolco|Tlaxomolco]], extending from said city to the corners of [[Lake Girón]]. Civilizations such as the Didxazon and the Dizhans would eventually collapse for political unstability or famine respectively.
== Geography ==


In certain ocassions, the Sapinish and the Tarascanian civilizations would fight for a variable of reasons. These wars would last until the colonial era and the arrival of the Canterians. A splinter of the [[Sapinish Empire]], the Southern Sapins would become a pariah state in the 1400s.
With 1,257,343 km2  (485,463 sq mi), Anáhuac is located south the equator, between the meridians 75° east and 90° east and the parralels 15° south. It has coastlines with the [[Sunadic Ocean]]. Being a exit door to the [[Kaldaz Ocean]], Isla Roca Roja compasses 15,086 km2 of the nation, while mainland Anáhuac is about 1,242,257 km2. Anáhuac is bordered to the north by [[Savane]]; to the northwest by [[Riojania]]; to the south by [[Iskamiya]], to the east by lakes [[Lake Girón|Girón]], [[Lake Anáhuac|Anáhuac]] and [[Zhiguryia]] and with the [[Sunadic Ocean]] to the west.


=== Discovery of Olivacia (1483) ===
[[File:Hidden Vlei Dune and Wind.jpg|thumb|left|Sand dunes of the Jilachi Desert]]
''Main article: [[Discovery of Olivacia]]''


The true extent of the Sapinish and the Tarascanians in the years post discovery of Olivacia, is still unknown. To this date, there are no true extent regarding the interaction of the Sapinish or Tarascanians with the discoverers, although it is generally accepted that there was never a direct contact. Another clue supporting this is that the Sapinish at the time were dealing with several rebellions between several other groups they subjugated and the outbreak of the “Wraith of Ayauhtéotl” upon their land, likely indicating that an potential outbreak of smallpox or [[Yellow Wasting]] gradually reach the empire, while the Tarascanians were dealing with their century long conflict against the Sapinish.
The [[Jilachi Desert]] divdes most of the center part of the nation, while the [[Steppes of Laura]], [[Steppes of Fausto]], the [[Valle de la Calma]] and the [[Northern Savanna]] completes the northern and southern parts of the country. [[San Jorge Xayacatlán]] was bulit in areas surrounding the Jilachi Desert and cities built in the coastal part of the desert and steppes of the area, have become green ever since.  


=== Colonization ===
=== Climate ===
''Main article: [[Canterian conquest of Gran Rugido]]''
[[File:Gran Rugido Map - Wiki (Updated) 3.png|thumb|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification Krauser-Von Schileffen climate classification] map of Anáhuac.]]


Although [[Olivacia]] was discovered in 1483, it was until 1519 when [[Álvaro Morte de Montemayor]] sighted the shores of the ruined city of [[Itzatlán]], former capital city of the already long gone [[Didxažon]]. He settled his men in the former ruins and declared the land for the [[Canterian Empire]] and named it [[Santiago de Pascua]] as the date of its discovery was the traditional Catholic holiday of Easter. The subsequent small settlements were built using the stones of the former pyramids.  
Anáhuac has a semi-arid climate. Summers are generally hot, spring and fall temperate, and winters mild, with temperatures rarely below freezing in areas outside the Jilachi Desert. The average high in August is 35 °C (95 °F) and the average low is 23 °C (73 °F). The average January high is 21 °C (70 °F) and the average low in January is 8 °C (46 °F). Rainfall is scarce in winter, but more frequent during May through September.
[[File:Tulum-Sea-2.jpg|320px|thumb|left|The beach near [[Itzatlán]], where is believed the Canterians could've landed.]]


A month after arriving, the food and main resources were on the verge of shortage on the small settlement he met some of the tributaries of the Sapinish and asked them to arrange a meeting with [[Moctezuma Tlacastsintli|Moctezuma III]], the ''[[Tlatoani|tlatoani]]''  of the [[Sapin Empire]]. Moctezuma repeatedly turned down the meeting, but Álvaro was determined. Leaving a hundred men in Santiago de Pascua, he marched on Tlaxomulco in mid-August 1519, along with 600 soldiers, 15 horsemen, 10 cannons, and hundreds of indigenous carriers and warriors. On the way to Tlaxomulco, he made alliances with indigenous peoples such as a recently expelled cell of [[Tarascanians]] and the [[Southern Sapinish]] in the north. The [[Maya’t’aan]] and then the [[En Ngixio civilization|En Ngixios]] fought with the Canterians in a series of three battles from 2 to 5 September 1519. After he continued to release prisoners with messages of peace, and realizing the Canterians were ''enemies'' of Moctezuma, [[Xicotencatl the Elder]] persuaded the Maya't'aan war leader, [[Xicotencatl the Younger]], that it would be better to ally with the newcomers than to kill them.
Anáhuac frequently experiences extreme weather changes; for example, it can sometimes reaches 30 °C (86 °F) in the west in January and February, the coldest months. The most extreme weather changes in summer occur with rainfall in the steppes and savanna, which can reduce temperatures significantly, and the  {{wp|Mineral dust|dust}} of the Jilachi Desert, which can lead to abnormally high temperatures and in some infamous cases, droughts. Seasons are not well defined; the warm season may start in February and may last until September while a brief cold season may start on November and last until January.


[[File:Cortez & La Malinche.jpg|320px|thumb|right|Picture of [[Álvaro de Montemayor]] and and his bilingual cultural translator, [[Marina]] meeting [[Moctezuma Tlacastsintli|Moctezuma III]] from the [[Lienzo de Guri]]]]
Given it's location and precarious climates, Anáhuac is recognized as a country vulnerable to many of the effects of climate change. These include increases in temperature and changes in precipitation. Climate change in these forms threatens food security and agricultural economy. While solutions such as greenhouses and several irrigation systems to farmers have been given, several rural peoples are now leaving their homes and travel to cities and in other cases, to other Olivacian nations. Since March 2019, he government has promoted ''Hermosa Nación'', a development project that aims to reduce the negative effects of climate change – among other things in the national cities.
By the time he arrived in Tlaxomulco, the Canterians had a large army. On November 8, 1519, they were peacefully received by Moctezuma III. Moctezuma deliberately let him enter the Sapin capital, hoping to get to know their weaknesses better and to crush them later. Moctezuma gave lavish gifts of gold to the Canterians which, rather than placating them, excited their ambitions for plunder. In his letters to the Canterian Empreror, he claimed to have learned at this point that he was considered by the Sapins to be either an emissary of [[Moyokoyani]] or the god himself a belief which has been contested by a few modern historians.-  But quickly he learned that several Canterians on Itzatlan had been killed by Sapins while supporting the Southern Sapins. In retaliation for this act, the Canterians decided to take Moctezuma as a hostage in his palace, indirectly ruling Tlaxomulco through him.


Meanwhile, other expeditions, opposed to Álvaro Morte de Montemayor, arrivied in Gran Rugido with 1,090 men. He armed himself with 350 men to combat these expeditions as he knew that if the captain of any of these expeditions succeded, it would bring his power down. On the capital, Canterians loyal to [[Franco Pizarro de Adamán]] provoked the [[Massacre of the Templo del Sol]] against the Sapin nobility. Álvaro speedily returned to Tlaxomulco. On June 31, 1520, Moctezuma III was killed (the Canterians claimed he was stoned to death by his own people; others claim he was murdered by the colonizers once they realized his inability to placate the locals). Faced with a hostile population, the Canterians decided to flee for [[Apizaco]]. During the [[Terrible Noche]] (June 31 – July 1, 1520), the Canterians managed a narrow escape from Tlaxomolko across the Tapalpa causeway, while their rearguard was being massacred. Much of the treasure looted was lost (as well as his artillery) during this panicked escape from Tlaxomulco.
=== Biodiversity ===
[[File:Ambystoma mexicanum (6337857516).jpg|200px|thumb|left|Axolotl (Ambystoma rugidanum) in captivity.]]


Having lost 870 men, the Canterian men finally prevailed with reinforcements arriving from Canteria itself. A policy of attrition towards Tlaxomulco began afterwards, cutting off supplies and subduing cities that aligned themselves with the Sapins. The Sapins would fall back to [[Tlalpujahua]] following a siege to Apaxco. Even while succeed in ambushing pursuing Canterian forces, inflicting heavy losses, the last portion of the ''Xayacatlán'' would fall to the conquistadores. The [[Siege of Tlaxomulco|siege of Tlaxomulco]] ended with a Canterian victory and 95% of the city destroyed. Finally, with the capture and execution of [[Cuauhpopocac]], the last ''tlatoani'' of the Sapin Empire, on August 9 1521, the indigenous empire collapsed on its own and Álvaro Morte de Montemayor was able to claim the ''Xalco'' for the [[Canterian Empire]], thus renaming the recently destroyed Tlaxomulco to San Jorge.
The desert, valleys and the savanna of the nation support a wide range of wildlife. Given the division of the Jilachi Desert, Anáhuac's wildlife varies depending on how far or closest the region is to the desert.


The territory known as ''[[Xalco]]'' became part of the Canterian Empire under the name of New Canteria in 1532. [[San Jorge Xayacatlán|San Jorge]] was systematically rebuilt by Montemayor following the [[Siege of Tlaxomulco]] in 1521. Much of the identity, traditions and architecture of Gran Rugido developed during the 300-year colonial period from 1521 to independence in 1810.  
The '''Savana del Norte''' and '''Valle de la Calma''' are located in the northern part of Anáhuac, bordering Savane. The region consists principally of river valleys and plains located among small mountain ranges. The area is also home to large deposits of iron. It has large areas with grass, huizache, sabinos and poplar trees. There is a shallow wetland area called the Sabin, or Santiaguillo. It provides vital habitat for flocks of migrating birds in winter, especially cranes, geese and ducks. The region also provides habitat for coyotes, rabbits, squirrels, foxes, geese and ducks.


=== As the Vicerroyalty of New Canteria ===
The region known as the '''Xalco''' covers the [[Jilachi Desert]], the [[Steppes of Laura]] and the [[Steppes of Fausto]]. These areas are relatively flat with very rare mountain ranges and a slight incline towards the interior of the country. The vegetation consists of scrub, nopal cactus, maguey plants, barrel cactus and other arid zone plants. It is defined by two rivers: the [[Huasteca River|Huasteca]] and the [[Indé River|Indé]]. Animals that can be found on these areas include coyotes, gavilanes (sparrowhawks), various snakes, owls, chameleons, tarantulas and scorpions. Economically important natural resources come from mining, including deposits of gold, silver, iron and mercury. There are also large deposits of marble, oil and uranium (although these are untouched). There are eight types of desert vegetation, seven of which are native to the Jilachi Desert and one in the area that transitions to the Steppes of Laura. Most are scrubs or small bushes, which generally do not reach over 4 metres (13 ft) in height, most of the rest are cactus, with some mangroves and other halophile plants. Many plants are rainfall sensitive, with most trees and shrubs growing leaves and flowers just before or during the rainy season, then drop their leaves afterwards. However, there are plants in flower at one time or another throughout the year. Coastal plants receive less water stress due to lower evaporation rates, and substantial moisture from dew.


''Main article: [[Vicerroyalty of New Canteria]]''
Most of southern and central Anáhuac suffers from one of the world's highest rates of desertification due to land degradation in arid and semi-arid areas, with the loss of biological and/or economic productivity, but the process is most severe in Senora as neighboring Córdoba or San Jorge. Land degradation occurs because of clearing land for agriculture, the planting of non-native buffelgrass for grazing, the cutting of forests, overgrazing of natural vegetation and soil salinization from irrigation. Anáhuac is also home to the critically endangered {{wp|Axolotl|''Ambystoma rugidanum''}}, to the point that is the national animal. Relief efforts to increase the population of wild axolotls in [[San Jorge Xayacatlán]] and the shores of Lake Girón are still active as of 2021.


TBA
=== Waterways ===


=== Independence (1808-1810) ===
''Main Article: [[Anáhuac Circuit Canal]]''
''Main article: [[Rugidoense War of Independence]]''


On October 12 1808, a "loyalist revolt" against the ruling junta was declared by priest [[Mohamed Navarro]], in the small town of La Rioja, Lujambio. This event, known as the Cry of La Rioja (Spanish: Grito de La Rioja) is commemorated each year, on October 12, as Gran Rugido’s independence day. The first insurgent group was formed by Navarro, the colonial viceregal army captain [[Andras Ibarra]], the militia captain [[José Torres]] and La Jueza (English: The Judge) [[Ana Victoria de la Reguera]]. Navarro and some of his soldiers were captured and executed by hanging in San Jorge, on 31 July 1809.
The Valley of Calm is home of suitable for farming, with irrigation from the [[Santa Catarina River|Santa Catarina]] and [[Topo Chico River|Topo Chico]] rivers. Reservoirs for this purpose include the [[Presa Refugio Saldivar|Refugio Saldivar]], [[Presa Hidroeléctrica Sabin|Sabin]] and [[Presa Hidroelectrica Juan de los Lagos|Juan de los Lagos]], out of which, only the Sabin and the Juan de Lagos are viable sources of hydroelectric power.  


[[File:La entrada triunfal.jpg|thumb|left|The triumphal Independentist army entering San Jorge. 1810]]
Apart from the [[Sunadic Ocean|Sunadic]] and [[Kaldaz Ocean|Kaldaz]] oceans, Anáhuac obtains water supplies from two neighboring lakes: [[Lake Girón]] and [[Lake Anáhuac]]. Both are connected by a series of natural rivers and artificial straits. The straits of Mapími and Grijalva constitute a large contributor to the [[Anáhuac Circuit Canal]], with the area that separates the lakes is currently known as the [[Isthmus of Petén]]. Girón, formely an {{wp|Endorheic basin|endorheic lake}} has seen benefits of being connected to the ocean.


Following Narravo's death, the leadership was assumed by Raúl Lopez and then by the priest Alejandra Cassino, who occupied key southern cities with the support of Santos Ibarra and Aaron Nuñez. In one notable incident, Nuñez captured 200 loyalist soldiers, whom Cassino ordered should be executed in revenge of the murder of Nuñez's father. In an act of mercy, Nuñez instead pardoned the prisoners, most of whom then joined the insurgent cause.
== Government and Politics ==


In January 1810, the Congress of Tepeyac was convened and, On January 6, signed the "Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Gran Rugido”. This Act also abolished slavery and the caste system. In the subsequent months, the colonialist troops were finally expelled from the nation, althrough attempts to reconquer the nation still persisted.
=== Government ===
''Main article: [[Federal government of Anáhuac]]''


=== Early Republic and First Empire (1810-1854) ===
''See also: [[List of heads of state of Anahuac]]''


''Main articles: [[First Empire of Sapin]], [[United States of Gran Rugido]], and [[Centralist Republic of Gran Rugido]]''
[[File:Enrique Peña Nieto (34197959974).jpg|left|thumb|President of the Federal Republic of Anáhuac, Matías L. Torres.]]


The successful rebels established the First Gran Rugido Republic. In November 1810, a constitution of a federated republic was promulgated, and former insurgent general Aramberri Lavín became the first president of the newly born republic. In 1820, former insurgent general and fierce Liberal Aaron Nuñez, a signatory of the Plan de Famagusta that achieved independence, became president in a disputed election. During his short term in office, April to December 1820, he restored the Army and the Navy. As a visibly mixed-race man of modest origins, Nuñez was seen by white political elites as an interloper. His Conservative vice president, former Royalist General Patricio Misael Tovar, led a coup against him and Nuñez was judicially murdered. There was constant strife between Liberals, supporters of a federal form of decentralized government and often called Federalists and their political rivals, the Conservatives, who proposed a hierarchical form of government, were termed Centralists.
The Federal Republic of Anáhuac is a federation whose government is representative, democratic and republican based on a presidential system according to the [[Constitution of the Federal Republic of Anáhuac]]. The constitution establishes three levels of government: the federal Union, the state governments and the municipal governments. According to the constitution, all constituent states of the federation must have a republican form of government composed of three branches: the executive, represented by a governor and an appointed cabinet, the legislative branch constituted by a unicameral congress and the judiciary, which will include a state Supreme Court of Justice. They also have their own civil and judicial codes.


Staunch royalist and pro-moncarchist Efraín Santo Domingo rose to the power after Nuñez put him as prime minister. After deposing Nuñez from power, he reformed the Early  Republic into the Empire of Gran Rugido. During it's brief time, the now Emperor of Gran Rugido attempted to do good and gained the favor of the ellite of the time but staunch opposition by the masses prevented him to do many things. Santo Domingo was eventually killed by his "heir" in a secret coup to restore the republic into the nation.
[[File:Nayeli Salvatori Bojalil.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Current prime minister of Anáhuac, Fernanda Hernández Alanis]]


Gran Rugido’s ability to maintain its independence and establish a viable government was in question, despite the colonizer's disinterest of a reconquer its former colony but eventually recognized its independence and both nations established commercial relationship in the early 1830s. Emerging as a national hero in restoring the democracy in Gran Rugido was creole army general, Ibrahim Salazar, who had participated in the overthrow of Emperor Santo Domingo and came to dominate the politics for the next 25 years, until his own overthrow in 1855.
The federal legislature is the bicameral Congress of the Union, composed of the Senate of the Republic and the Chamber of Deputies. The Congress makes federal law, declares war, imposes taxes, approves the national budget and international treaties, and ratifies diplomatic appointments.


Gran Rugido also contended with indigenous groups which controlled territory that Gran Rugido claimed in the north. The remaining Sapinos controlled a huge territory in the sparsely populated region of central and northern Mendoza. Meanwhile, Salazar sought to centralize government rule, suspending the constitution, and promulgating the Nine Laws, which place power in his hands. When he suspended the 1811 Constitution, civil war spread across the country. Three new governments declared independence: the Republic of Aztlán, the Federation of South Gran Rugido and the Kingdom of Córdoba. Despite several bad decisions regarding the Sapinish and the new nations, conservative Salazar returned to the presidency yet again and then was ousted and exiled in the Liberal Revolution of Saltillo.
The federal [[Congress of Anáhuac|Congress]], as well as the state legislatures, are elected by a system of parallel voting that includes plurality and proportional representation. The [[Chamber of Deputies of Anáhuac|Chamber of Deputies]] has 500 deputies. Of these, 250 are elected by plurality vote in single-member districts (the federal electoral districts) and the remaining 250 are elected by proportional representation with closed party lists for which the country is divided into five electoral constituencies. The [[Senate of Anáhuac|Senate]] is made up of 128 senators.  


=== Reform War, Second Empire and Restored Republic (1855-1875) ===
The executive is the [[President of Anáhuac|President of the Federal Republic of Anáhuac]], who is the head of state and government, as well as the commander-in-chief of the military forces. The second executive in command is the [[Prime Minister of Anáhuac|Prime Minister]]. The President also appoints the Cabinet and other officers, including the prime minister. The President is responsible for executing and enforcing the law, and has the power to veto bills.


''Main Articles: [[La Reforma]], [[Second Empire of Sapin]], [[Federation of Gran Rugido]]''
[[File:OFICINAS CENTRALES DE LA P. G. R..jpg|200px|thumb|left|The Halls of Justice, joint offices of the Supreme Court of Justice and the Ministry of Justice.]]


The overthrow of Salazar and the establishment of a civilian government by Liberals allowed them to enact laws that they considered vital for Gran Rugido's economic development. The [[Liberal Reform]] attempted to modernize Gran Rugido's economy and institutions along liberal principles. They promulgated a new Constitution in 1860, separating Church and State, stripping the Conservative institutions of the Church and the military of their special privileges (fueros), mandating the sale of Church-owned property and sale of indigenous community lands, and secularizing education. Conservatives revolted, touching off civil war between rival Liberal and Conservative governments.
The highest organ of the judicial branch of government is the [[Supreme Court of Justice]], the national supreme court, which has eleven judges appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. The Supreme Court of Justice interprets laws and judges cases of federal competency. Other institutions of the judiciary are the Federal Electoral Tribunal, collegiate, unitary and district tribunals, and the Council of the Federal Judiciary.


=== Politics ===
''Main article: [[Politics in Anáhuac]].''
''See also: [[List of political parties of Anáhuac]]''


The Liberals defeated the Conservative army on the battlefield in 1864 but a conservative monarchist party with influences of Emperor Efráin, [[Acción Rugidoense]] took over, taking the Liberals by suprise. After a quick defeat of the Liberalists, the group proclaimed it's leader, [[Cristobal I de Sapin|Rodolfo Cordero Puentes]] as Emperor of the [[Second Empire of Sapin|new empire]]. Facing once again staunch opposition, the aid to the Liberals increased, with even some Conservatives joining on the fight. After two years of fighting, Republican forces captured the Emperor and he was executed in Laurua, along with two Conservative generals. The "Restored Republic" saw the arrival of [[Raymundo Vigil]], who was "the personification of the embattled republic," as president.  
Three parties have historically been the dominant parties in Anahuense politics: the [[Federal Institutional Party|Federal Institutional Party]] (PIF), a catch-all party that was founded in 1925 to unite the centrists that were nearly killed after the [[Anahuense Revolution]]; the [[Anahuense Democratic Union|National Democratic Union]] (UDN), a conservative party founded in 1919 and which has currently shifted to a less extreme right and held the nation's hegemony until 1954 and [[National Reconciliation Movement|Recona]] , a left-wing party, founded in 2006 as the succesor of the guerrillas from the times of the civil war.


Liberalism became synonymous with patriotism. The [[Gran Rugidoan Army]] that had its roots in the colonial royal army and then the army of the early republic was destroyed. New military leaders had emerged from the War of the Reform. Vigil won re-election in 1870, but was challenged by [[Angel Badillo Lenoci]], who criticized him for running for re-election. Lenoci then rebelled, only for being crushed by Vigil.
While new parties usually emerge locally, the nation has always contended with two coalitions: the center-right [[Republican Alliance]] and the leftist [[Noble Left Coalition]]. Both coalitions has always contested the presidency, governorships and municipalities since the early 1980s.
Having won re-election, Vigil died in office of natural causes in July 1872, and Liberal [[Santiago Garza García]] became president, declaring a "religion of state" for rule of law, peace, and order. When Garza García ran for re-election, Lenoci rebelled against the civilian president, issuing the [[Plan of Cervantes]]. Lenoci had more support and waged guerrilla warfare against García. On the verge of Lenoci's victory on the battlefield, García fled from office, going into exile. Another army general assumed the presidency of Gran Rugido.


=== Foreign relations ===


=== Lenociato (1875-1911) ===
''Main Article: [[Foreign relations of Anáhuac]]''


''Main Article: [[Lenociato]]''
[[File:Alfonso Garcia Robles 1981.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Dagoberto Khan, diplomat who proposed the Khan Doctrine]]


After the turmoil in Gran Rugido from 1810 to 1876, the 35-year rule of Liberal [[Ángel Badillo Lenoci]] (r.1876–1911) allowed the nation to rapidly modernize in a period characterized as one of "order and progress". The “''Lenociato''” was characterized by economic stability and growth, significant foreign investment and influence, an expansion of the railroad network and telecommunications, and investments in the arts and science.
The foreign relations of Anáhuac are directed by the President of Anáhuac and managed by the Ministry of Foreign Relations. The principles of the foreign policy are constitutionally recognized in the Article 89, Section 10, which include: respect for international law and legal equality of states, their sovereignty and independence, trend to non-interventionism in the domestic affairs of other countries, peaceful resolution of conflicts, and promotion of collective security through active participation in international organizations Since the 1970s, the Khan Doctrine has served as a crucial complement to these principles.
The period was also marked by economic inequality and political repression. Lenoci knew the potential for army rebellions, and systematically downsized the expenditure for the force, rather expanding the rural police force under direct control of the president. Lenoci did not provoke the Catholic Church, coming to a modus vivendi with it; but he did not remove the anticlerical articles from the [[Constitución Federal de la Federación de Gran Rugido de (1857)|1857 Constitution.]] From the late nineteenth century, Protestants began to make inroads in Gran Rugido.
[[File:Porfirio Díaz en uniforme.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Portrait of Ángel Lenoci with the Castillo in the background.]]


While the government encouraged foreign investment, national enterprises had their roots with the [[Ley de Economía Basica por el Bien del Pueblo]]” ratified and passed in 1883. Investors developed extractive mining of copper, lead, and other minerals, as well as petroleum on the [[Anepalco]] region. Changes in the law allowed for private enterprises to own the subsoil rights of land, rather than continuing the colonial law that gave all subsoil rights to the State. An industrial manufacturing sector also developed, particularly in textiles. At the same time, new enterprises gave rise to an industrial work force, which began organizing to gain labor rights and protections.
Being a prominent member of the [[Saltstil Pact]], Anáhuac is particulally close with nations of the East, such as ally [[Gavrilia]], [[Vultesia]], [[Wellsenfaille]], historical ally [[Hoterallia]], [[Riamo]] and neighboring [[Zhiguryia]]. While, Anáhuac is an essential supplier in [[Freice]], being where most exports of food and energy usually go, it's influence can hardly be felt. Outside the Eastern hemisphere, Anáhuac maintains contact and relations to a few selected countries, such as [[Kentalis]]. In recent years, the country has decided to expand its relations to the West, begining talks with important countries and countries that might be beneficial to Anáhuac.


During this period, Lenoci had surrounded himself with a group of advisors that became known as the “Hombres de Ciencia” ("man of science"). The most influential of them was Secretary of Finance [[Jaime Jose Canavati]]. The Lenocian regime was influenced by positivism, as they rejected theology and idealism in favor of scientific methods being applied towards national development. As an integral aspect of the liberal project was secular education.  
Currently, it is dispued whether Anáhuac should be considered a {{wp|Regional power|regional power}} within Olivacia, alongside Hoterallia.


Lenoci's long success did not include planning for a political transition beyond his own presidency. He made no attempt, however, to establish a family dynasty, naming no relative as his successor. As the centennial of independence approached, Lenoci gave an interview where he said he was not going to run in the 1910 elections, when he would be 80. Political opposition had been suppressed and there were few avenues for a new generation of leaders. But his announcement set off a frenzy of political activity, including the unlikely candidacy of the scion of a rich landowning family, [[Germán Castillo]]. Castillo won a surprising amount of political support when Lenoci changed his mind and ran in the election, jailing Castillo. The October celebration of the Independence would be the last celebration of the ''Lenociato'' before the [[Rugidoense Revolution]] officially began on 24 November 1910.
=== Military ===
''Main Article: [[Anahuaca Federal Forces]]''
''See also: [[Military history of Anáhuac]]''


=== Rugidoense Revolution (1911-1916) ===
The Anahuacan military "provides a unique example of a military leadership's transforming itself into a civilian political elite, simultaneously transferring the basis of power from the army to a civilian state." A reformation was brought about by revolutionary generals in the 1930s and 1980s, following the demise of the Federal Army following its complete defeat during the decade-long [[Anahuense Revolution]] and the [[Anahuense Civil War]].


''Further information: [[Rugidoense Revolution]]''
[[File:Elements of the GRFAF marching on September 19, 2016.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Female memebers of the Federal Forces marching on September 19, 2016. Note the [[ARX-5 Xiuhcoatl]].]]
[[File:Zapatistas and Nacional de Mexico, No. 739 (5655532688) (cropped).jpg|320px|thumb|right|Members of the Fernandista Army on top of Nacionales de Gran Rugido N° 739.]]
The Rugidoense Revolution was a seven-long transformational conflict in Gran Rugido, with consequences to this day. Lasting from 1910 to 1917, it saw uprisings against President Lenoci, his resignation, an interim presidency, and the democratic election of a rich landowner, Germán Castillo in 1911. In February 1913, a military coup d'état overthrew Castillo's government, resulting in Castillo’s murder by agents of Federal Army General [[Anastasio Revilla]]. A coalition of anti-Revilla forces in the North, the Constitutionalist Army overseen by [[Eduardo Madero]], and a peasant army in the South under [[Alberto Fernandez]], defeated the Federal Army. In 1914 that army was dissolved as an institution. Following the revolutionaries' victory against Revilla, revolutionary armies sought to broker a peaceful political solution, but the coalition splintered, plunging Gran Rugido into civil war again. Constitutionalist general [[Doroteo Alanis]], commander of the Division of the North, broke with Madero and allied with Fernandez. Madero's best general, [[Alejandro Jimenez]], defeated Alanis, his former comrade-in-arms in the [[battle of Ixchel (Rugidoan Revolution)|Battle of Ixchel]] in 1915, and Alanis's forces melted away. Madero became the de facto head of Gran Rugido, and in late December, the winners met at a constitutional convention to draft the [[Constitution of 1916]], which was ratified in March 1916. Said Constitution strengthened the anticlerical provisions that were carried over from the 1860 Constitution. With amendments, it remains the governing document of Mexico. It is estimated that the war killed 900,000 of the 1910 population of 20 million.


Consolidating power, President Madero had peasant-leader Alberto Fernandez assassinated in 1917. Madero had gained support of the peasantry during the Revolution, but once in power he did little to distribute land, and, in fact, returned some confiscated land to their original owners. President Madero's best general, Jimenez, served briefly in Madero's administration, but returned to his home state of Zaragoza to position himself to run in the 1920 presidential election. Madero chose a political and revolutionary nobody to succeed him. Jimenez and two other revolutionary generals drew up the Plan of Agua Prieta, overthrowing Madero, who died fleeing Laurua in 1920. General [[Santiago Lenoci]], son of Angel Lenoci became interim president, followed the election of General Alejandro Jimenez.
The Anahuacan Federal Armed Forces is divided in two branches: the [[Anahuaca Federal Army]] (which includes the [[Anahuacan Air Force]]), and the [[Armada de Anahuac]]. Anáhuac, thorught most of its military history has been supplied by nations such as [[Riamo]], [[Vultesia]] and [[Hoterallia]]. Nowadays, the Army has been steadily modernising to become competitive with the armies of other Olivacian countries and have also taken certain steps to decrease spending and dependency on foreign equipment in order to become more autonomous such as the domestic production of the ARX-05 Xiuhocatl rifle designed in Anáhuac and the commitment to researching, designing and manufacturing domestic military systems such as military electronics and body armor. The Anahuaca Armed Forces have maintained significant infrastructure, including facilities for design, research, and testing of weapons, vehicles, aircraft, naval vessels, defense systems and electronics; military industry manufacturing centers for building such systems, and advanced naval dockyards that build heavy military vessels and advanced missile technologies.


=== Political Crisis (1920-1968) ===
Historically, Anáhuc has remained neutral in international conflicts. However, in recent years some political parties have proposed an amendment of the Constitution to allow the Army, Air Force or Navy to collaborate in peacekeeping missions, or to provide military help to countries that officially ask for it.  
''Main article: [[Rugidoense Political Crisis]]''
[[File:Bogotazo.jpg|270px|thumb|left|Tram in flames in the immediate aftermath after the murder of Avelino Montes Gaitán.]]


The first quarter-century of the post-revolutionary period (1920–1950) was characterized by revolutionary generals serving as Presidents of Gran Rugido, including [[Santiago Lenoci]] (1922–30), [[Videl de la García]] (1930–38), [[Martín Falcón]] (1938–46), and [[Abelardo Portes Gil]] (1946–54). Soon after 1940’s, Gran Rugido achieved some degree of political stability, which was interrupted by two local scale conflict that took place between the late 1940s and the early 1960s, known as ''[[La Violencia]]'' ("The Violence") and ''[[El Temblor]]'' ("The Quake") threatned to provoke a major conflict. Its cause was mainly mounting tensions between the left and right spectrum parties, which subsequently ignited after the assassination of the PRM presidential candidate [[Avelino Montes Gaitán]] on 9 April 1954.
Even as a member of the [[Saltstil Pact]], Anáhuac's society has doubted the need of military action, citing the remoteness of regular threats in the East and domestic issues. After the 2021 Anahuaca uprising, new reforms to increase the spending of Anáhuac to the level of similar nations in the Pact have been recieved with reluctance but with approval at the end. The proposals finally came to a realitzation after [[Proposal 4530]], which removed the limits of army and navy needings.


=== Law Enforcement ===
Public security is enacted at the three levels of government, each of which has different prerogatives and responsibilities. Local and state police departments are primarily in charge of law enforcement, whereas the [[Federal Police of Anáhuac]] is in charge of specialized duties. All levels report to the Ministerio de Seguridad Pública (Ministry of Public Security). The General Attorney's Office (Fiscalía General de la Federación FGF) is a constitutional autonomous organism in charge of investigating and prosecuting crimes at the federal level, mainly those related to drug and arms trafficking, espionage, and bank robberies. The FGF operates the Ministerial Police (Policia Ministerial, PM) an investigative and preventive agency.


After 1954, the election of [[Oscar Vela Cantú]], the first civilian president in the post-revolutionary period, Gran Rugido embarked on an aggressive program of economic development, known as “''[[El Milagro Rugidoense]]''” (The Rugidoense Miracle), which was characterized by rapid industrialization, modernization, urbanization, and the increase of inequality between urban and rural areas. Despite the progress in certain sectors, many social and political problems continued, when organizations such as the [[Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de Gran Rugido]] (English:''National Workers Syndicate of Gran Rugido'') and the [[Frente Gildardo Pagaza para la Liberación Nacional]] (English: ''Gildardo Pagaza Front of National Liberation'') were formed. Even after the PNR lost for the first time against the newly formed [[Unión Democratica Rugidoense]] (UDR) with favorite [[Susete Hernández Niño]] as candidate, the [[1962 Rugidoense general elections|1962 election]] were called by the left as a massive fraud against the nation’s principles. Opposition to the Hernandez Niño government was strong on the leftist side and eventually, culminated with the [[1967 Student Movement of Gran Rugido|1967 student’s movement]].
=== Political Divisions ===


=== Rugidoense Civil War (1968 – 1970) ===
''Main article: [[Administrative divisions of Anáhuac]]


''Further information: [[Gran Rugidoense Civil War]]''
The Federal Republic of Anáhuac are a federation of 13 free and sovereign states, which form a union that exercises juridisction over [[San Jorge Xayacatlán]].


On 5 May 1968, a coup d'état brought the [[National Reorganization Process]] to power. It brought to the table of the government, several syndicalist and socialist ideals. The purpose of this new junta was to stop the revolutionary movement already underway in response to a convoluted election in 1966. Nevertheless, the oligarchy opposed agrarian reforms, and a junta formed with young liberal elements from the army such as Gen. [[Anastasio Kuribeña Müller|Kuribeña Müller]] and [[Leobardo Zavala|Gen. Zavala]], as well as with progressives such as [[Rafael Alemán Valades]]. The loyalist government fled the mainland and established themselves temporarily on the Rugidoan island of Roca Roja. Pressure from the oligarchy soon dissolved the junta because of its inability to control the army in its repression of the people fighting for civil rights, agrarian reforms, better wages, accessible health care and freedom of expression. In the meantime, the guerrilla movement was spreading to all sectors of the Rugidoan society. In the meantime, the loyalist government formed the "Republica temporal del Gran Rugido en Roja Roja" and several pro-democracy guerrillas, namely the [[Movimiento Unión y Fuerza|Union y Fuerza Movement]] and several others had been formed across the nation.
Each state has its own constitution, congress, and a judiciary, and its citizens elect by direct voting a governor for a four-year term with the chance of reelection and representatives to their unicameral state congresses for two-year terms.


[[File:Armed Warriors.jpg|thumb|right|Guerrilleros from the Union y Fuerza loyalist faction celebrating the end of the civil war.]]
San Jorge is a special political division that belongs to the federation as a whole and not to a particular state. Known as the Federal District, its autonomy was limited relative to that of the states. It is expected to drop this designation in early 2022 and is in the process of achieving greater political autonomy by becoming a federal entity with its own constitution and congress.


As the leftist government began to expand its violence towards its citizens, not only through death squads but also through the military, any group of citizens that attempted to provide any form of support whether physically or verbally ran the risk of death. Even so, many still chose to participate and support Hernández Niño. But the violence was not limited to just activists but also to anyone who promoted ideas that "questioned official policy" were tacitly assumed to be subversive against the government. A marginalized pro-democracy group that metamorphosed into a guerilla force that would end up confronting these government forces manifested itself in campesinos or peasants. Many of these insurgents joined collective action campaigns for material gain; however, in the post-war period, many peasants cited reasons other than material benefits in their decision to join the fight.
The states are divided into municipalities, the smallest administrative political entity in the country, governed by a mayor or municipal president (presidente municipal), elected by its residents by plurality.


Seeing the island government as the main cause of the insurrection, the generals adopted the Campaña de Liberación, an offensive plan to circle and eventually destroy the government in Los Canas, plan adopted on August 5, 1968. After the battle, the "[[Campaña Ofensiva N° 4510]]", revealed by president Hernandez Niño marked the beginning of the full Rugidoan Civil War, which lasted from 1968 to 1970. An unknown number of people "disappeared" during the conflict, and the AWA reports that more than 75,000 were killed.
[[File:Statal map.png|584px|thumb|center]]


On the final hours of September 19, and the early hours of September 20, 1970, the loyalist government represented by Susete Hernandez and the NRP,  represented by the commander Carlos Labarthe, all signed [[Santa Elisa Peace Accords|peace agreements]] brokered by the World Assembly ending the 2-year civil war. This event, held at the grounds of the Santa Elisa Autonomous University, was attended by A.W.A dignitaries and other representatives of the international community. After signing the armistice, the president stood up and hug with the now ex-NRP commander "forgiving" him, an action which was widely admired. However, shortly after, the remenants of the National Reorganization Process refused to accept and thus, several ex-commanders and former soldiers of the leftist party formed the guerrilla [[Free Gran Rugido.]]
== Economy ==


=== Contemporary Gran Rugido (1971 - present) ===
''Main article: [[Economy of Anáhuac]]''
[[File:Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador.jpg|220px|thumb|left|[[Moctezuma Ortega]] and his opposition coalition, the ''[[Coalición de la Noble Izquierda]]'' won the [[2010 Rugidoense general election|2010 general election]], ending left-wing stigma and the centrist rule.]]
A period of reconstruction and reforms followed the "[[Lost Decade (Gran Rugido)|''Década Perdida'']]" that began in 1970 and lasted until the early 1990s. From 1978 until 2002, Rugidoenses favoured the [[Alianza Republicana|Republican Alliance]] (RA) party, voting in RA parties (the PFI, the PSDGR and a refounded UDR in 1994) presidents in every election ([[Luis Carlos Arreola]],[[Emilio Torres]], [[Daniel Figueroa]], [[Tomás Treviño]] and [[Samara Mireles]]) until 2010. The stigmatization of the left got worse after the [[1988 Siege of Senora]], in which the first members of the [[Movimiento por el Gran Rugido Libre]] who aligned themselves with the long gone ''Proceso'' declared war on the state. Such events and that mainstream parties of the country exhausted their chances entering the 2000s, led to the creation of the [[Coalición de la Noble Izquierda]]. After winning governorships and seats in the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, the  [[2010 Rugidoense general election]] led to the election of the [[Moctezuma Ortega]], becoming the first left-wing president. After losing some lower house seats in the [[2014 Rugidoense legislative election|midterm elections]], the Coalición de la Noble Izquierda would retain majority, but Ortega failed to secure the two-thirds congressional supermajority. The Republican Alliance would retake the presidency and a sizeable majority in the Congress and Senate in the [[2018 Rugidoense general elections]] with UDR candidate [[Matías Larrazábal Torres|Matías Torres]] and former prime minsiter [[Elisa Sánchez Cordero]].


Gran Rugido has contended with the sporadic guerrilla uprisings, a rising narcotrafficking, and semi-stagnant economy. Many state-owned industrial enterprises were privatized starting in the early 1980s, with neoliberal reforms and rebuilding, but other state owned companies remain and persist to this day. Recently, following the [[Krenyan Oil Crisis|Krenyan debacle]], the state-owned company [[Petróleos Rugidoenses]] is now in the verge of privatization. with exploration licenses being issued. The nation has suprisingly showed modest progress in the struggle to defend human rights and civilian rights, being one of the most friendliest places in Olivacia despite its adverse weather and remnants of the political polarization that once destroyed the nation.
''See also: [[Economic history of Anáhuac]]''


== Geography ==
[[File:Torre Axtel y Bolsa de Valores.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Headquarters of the Anahuense Stock Exchange building]]


With 1,230,307 km2 (439,139.1 sq mi), Gran Rugido is located south the equator, between the meridians 75° east and 90° east and the parralels 15° south. It has coastlines with the Sunadic Ocean (with the coastline commonly named "Paso de Colón") and the Magallanes Bay. Being a exit door to the Kaldaz Ocean, the Isla Roca Roja compasses 15,086 km2 of the nation, while mainland Gran Rugido is about 1,122,279 km2. Gran Rugido, as already mentioned, is bordered to the north by [[Savane]]; to the northwest by [[J a d e]]; to the south by [[Marlenka]], to the east by [[Lake Girón]] and to the west with the [[Sunadic Bay]].
As of 2020, agriculture has comprised 4% of the economy over the last two decades, while industry contributes 33% (mostly automotive, oil, and electronics) and services (notably financial services and tourism) contribute 63%. Currently, Anáhuac's GDP by Purchasing party parity is of $2.89 trillion ACU and $1,2 trillion on a nominal GDP. GDP annual average growth was 2.9% in 2017 and 2% in 2018. Anáhuac's GDP in PPP per capita was ACU $20,266. Many anaylists consider that the country is now firmly established as an 'upper middle-income country'. After a brief slowdown of 2002, the country has recovered and has grown 4.2, 3.0 and 4.8 percent in 2004, 2005 and 2006, even though it is considered to be well below Anáhuac's potential growth. It is expected that by 2050, Anáhuac could potentially become a powerhouse economy in [[Olivacia]], and probably a Top 10 in Anteria.
[[File:Sand Dunes.jpg|thumb|left|Sand Dunes of the Jilachi Desert]]


The [[Jilachi Desert]] divdes most of the center part of the nation, while the [[Steppes of Laura]], [[Steppes of Fausto]], the [[Valley of Calm]] and the [[Northern Savanna]] completes the northern and southern parts of the country. [[Laurua]] was bulit in areas surrounding the Jilachi Desert and cities built in the coastal part of the desert and steppes of the area, have become green ever since.  
Anáhuac has one of the highest degree of economic disparity between the extremely poor and extremely rich, although it has been falling over the last decade, being one of few countries in which this is the case.  The bottom ten percent in the income hierarchy disposes of 1.36% of the country's resources, whereas the upper ten percent dispose of almost 36%. Daily minimum wages are set annually being set at $204.43 [[Anahuaca peso]] (ACU $10.00) in 2019. All of the indices of social development for the indigenous population are considerably lower than the national average, which is motive of concern for the government. According to the AOECD's own poverty line, at least 14% of Anáhuac's population lives in a situation of poverty.


=== Climate ===
The electronics industry of Anáhuac has grown enormously within the last decade. The national electronics industry is dominated by the manufacture and OEM design of televisions, displays, computers, mobile phones, circuit boards, semiconductors, electronic appliances, communications equipment and LCD modules. The Anahuense electronics industry grew 13% between 2010 and 2011, up from its constant growth rate of 7% between 2003 and 2009. Currently electronics represent 6-10% of Anáhuac's exports depending on the sources.  
[[File:Gran Rugido Map - Wiki (Updated) 3.png|thumb|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification Krauser-Von Schileffen climate classification] map of Gran Rugido.]]


Gran Rugido has a semi-arid climate. Summers are generally hot, spring and fall temperate, and winters mild, with temperatures rarely below freezing in areas outside the Jilachi Desert. The average high in August is 35 °C (95 °F) and the average low is 23 °C (73 °F). The average January high is 21 °C (70 °F) and the average low in January is 8 °C (46 °F). Rainfall is scarce in winter, but more frequent during May through September.


Gran Rugido frequently experiences extreme weather changes; for example, it can sometimes reaches 30 °C (86 °F) in the west in January and February, the coldest months. The most extreme weather changes in summer occur with rainfall in the steppes and savanna, which can reduce temperatures significantly, and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_dust dust] of the Jilachi Desert, which can lead to abnormally high temperatures and in some infamous cases, droughts. Seasons are not well defined; the warm season may start in February and may last until September while a brief cold season may start on November and last until January.
=== Communications ===


Gran Rugido is vulnerable to many of the effects of climate change. These include increases in temperature and changes in precipitation. Climate change in these forms threatens food security and agricultural economy. While solutions such as greenhouses and several irrigation systems to farmers have been given, several rural peoples are now leaving their homes and travel to cities and in other cases, to other Olivacian nations. Since March 2019, Rugidoan president, Matías Torres has promoted Beautiful Nation, a development project that aims to reduce the negative effects of climate change – among other things – in the Rugidoan cities.
''See also: [[Telecommunications in Anáhuac]]''


=== Biodiversity ===
The telecommunications industry is mostly dominated by [[Telefónica de Anáhuac]], privatized in 1990 . Other players in the domestic industry are AnaCom, Telefonía General and Infintel. 82% of Anahuacans over the age of 14 own a mobile phone. Mobile telephony has the advantage of reaching all areas at a lower cost, and the total number of mobile lines is almost two times that of landlines, with an estimation of 53 million lines. The telecommunication industry is regulated by the government through the ''Comisión Nacional de Telecomunicaciones'' (Common: National Telecommunications Commission)
[[File:Ambystoma mexicanum (6337857516).jpg|200px|thumb|left|Axolotl (Ambystoma rugidanum) in captivity.]]


The desert, valleys and the savanna of the nation support a wide range of wildlife. Given the division of the Jilachi Desert, Gran Rugido's wildlife varies depending on how far or closest the region is to the desert.
[[File:Torre de teléfonos de Telmex.jpeg|thumb|350px|right|Telefónica de Anáhuac Tower, San Jorge Xayacaltán]]


The '''Savana del Norte''' and '''Valley of Calm''' are located in the northern part of Gran Rugido, bordering Savane. The region consists principally of river valleys and plains located among small mountain ranges. The area is also home to large deposits of iron. The Valley of Calm specifically is mostly flat and suitable for farming, with irrigation from the [[Utapau River|Utapau]], [[Cananea River|Cananea]] and [[Topo Chico River|Topo Chico]] rivers. Reservoirs for this purpose include the Refugio Saldivar, Sabin and Juan de los Lagos. It has large areas with grass, huizache, sabinos and poplar trees. There is a shallow wetland area called the Sabin, or Santiaguillo. It provides vital habitat for flocks of migrating birds in winter, especially cranes, geese and ducks. The region also provides habitat for coyotes, rabbits, squirrels, foxes, geese and ducks.
The Anahuense satellite system is domestic and operates 120 earth stations. There is also extensive microwave radio relay network and considerable use of fiber-optic and coaxial cable. Satellites are operated by Satélites de Anáhuac and Servicios Satelitales Huasteca, a private company. Both offer broadcast, telephone and telecommunication services to all of Anáhuac. Through business partnerships both comapnies have agreed to provided high-speed connectivity to ISPs and Digital Broadcast Services. Satélites de Anáhuac and Servicios Satelitales Huasteca maintain their own satellite fleet with most of the fleet being designed and built in the nation and using [[San Calia]] as a launch base.


The '''Desert''' area of Gran Rugido covers the [[Jilachi Desert]], the [[Steppes of Laura]] and the [[Steppes of Fausto]]. These areas are relatively flat with very rare mountain ranges and a slight incline towards the interior of the country. The vegetation consists of scrub, nopal cactus, maguey plants, barrel cactus and other arid zone plants. It is defined by two rivers: the Utapau and the [[Indé River|Indé]]. Animals that can be found on these areas include coyotes, gavilanes (sparrowhawks), various snakes, owls, chameleons, tarantulas and scorpions. Most of the economically important natural resources come from mining, including deposits of gold, silver, iron and mercury. There are also large deposits of marble, oil and uranium (although these are untouched). There are eight types of desert vegetation, seven of which are native to the Jilachi Desert and one in the area that transitions to the Steppes of Laura. Most are scrubs or small bushes, which generally do not reach over 4 metres (13 ft) in height, most of the rest are cactus, with some mangroves and other halophile plants. Many plants are rainfall sensitive, with most trees and shrubs growing leaves and flowers just before or during the rainy season, then drop their leaves afterwards. However, there are plants in flower at one time or another throughout the year. Coastal plants receive less water stress due to lower evaporation rates, and substantial moisture from dew.
Major players in the broadcasting industry are [[Imevisión]], one of the largest media company in the Spanish-speaking world, [[Televisión del Anáhuac|Televisión de Anáhuac]] and [[Imagen 5]].


Most of southern and central Gran Rugido suffers from one of the world's highest rates of desertification due to land degradation in arid and semi-arid areas, with the loss of biological and/or economic productivity, but the process is most severe in Senora as neighboring Córdoba or Laurua. Land degradation occurs because of clearing land for agriculture, the planting of non-native buffelgrass for grazing, the cutting of forests, overgrazing of natural vegetation and soil salinization from irrigation.
=== Energy ===
''See also: [[Electric sector in Anáhuac]]''


Gran Rugido is also home to the critically endangered [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axolotl Axolotl] (''Ambystoma rugidanum)'', to the point that is the national animal. Relief efforts to increase the population of wild axolotls in [[Lake Xocoyotzin]] and the shores of [[Lake Girón]] are still active as of 2021.
Energy production in Anáhuac is managed jointly by the state-owned companies [[Comisión Nacional de Electricidad|National Commission of Electricity]]y and [[Petróleos de Anáhuac]].


== Government and Politics ==
Petróleos de Anáhuac, the public company in charge of exploration, extraction, transportation and marketing of crude oil and natural gas, as well as the refining and distribution of petroleum products and petrochemicals, making ACU$43 billion in sales a year. Gran Rugido is the sixth-largest oil producer in the world, with 2.7 million barrels per day. In 1980 oil exports accounted for 61.6% of total exports; by 2000 it was only 7.3%.


=== Government ===
The largest hydro plant in Anáhuac is the 2,400 MW Alexia Villarreal in Chicoasén, Senora, in the Topo Chico river.  
''Main article: [[Federal government of Gran Rugido]].''
[[File:Torres in the Economical Senate.jpg|left|thumb|President of the Federal Republic of Gran Rugido, [[Matías Torres]].]]
The Federal Republic of Gran Rugido are a federation whose government is representative, democratic and republican based on a presidential system according to the [[1916 Gran Rugidoan Constitution|1916 Constitution]]. The constitution establishes three levels of government: the federal Union, the state governments and the municipal governments. According to the constitution, all constituent states of the federation must have a republican form of government composed of three branches: the executive, represented by a governor and an appointed cabinet, the legislative branch constituted by a unicameral congress and the judiciary, which will include a state Supreme Court of Justice. They also have their own civil and judicial codes.
[[File:Prime Minister H.Alanis in her senate times..jpg|thumb|Prime Minister of Gran Rugido, [[Fernanda Hernández Alanis]].]]
The federal legislature is the bicameral Congress of the Union, composed of the Senate of the Republic and the Chamber of Deputies. The Congress makes federal law, declares war, imposes taxes, approves the national budget and international treaties, and ratifies diplomatic appointments.


The federal [[Congress of Gran Rugido|Congress]], as well as the state legislatures, are elected by a system of parallel voting that includes plurality and proportional representation. The [[Chamber of Deputies (Gran Rugido)|Chamber of Deputies]] has 450 deputies. Of these, 250 are elected by plurality vote in single-member districts (the federal electoral districts) and 200 are elected by proportional representation with closed party lists for which the country is divided into five electoral constituencies. The [[Senate of Gran Rugido|Senate]] is made up of 40 senators. Of these, 20 senators (two for each state and two for Laurua) are elected by plurality vote in pairs: 10 senators are the first minority or first-runner up (one for each state and one for Laurua), and 10 are elected by proportional representation from national closed party lists.
Anáhuac is the country with the third largest solar potential in Olivacia. The country's gross solar potential is estimated at 5kWh/m2 daily, which corresponds to 50 times national electricity generation. Currently, there is over 1,8 million square meters of solar thermal panels installed, while in 2005, there were 115,000 square meters of solar PV (photo-voltaic). It is expected that in 2032 there will be 2,4 million square meters of installed solar thermal panels. The project named SEGH-CFE 1, located in the outskirts of Aztlán, Senora, in the east of Anáhuac, will have capacity of 46.8 MW from an array of 187,200 solar panels when complete in 2021. All of the electricity will be sold directly to the CNE and absorbed into the utility's transmission system for distribution throughout their existing network. Anáhuac is also currently experimenting with the bright sides of nuclear energy with the project of the [[Alto Lucero Nuclear Power Plant]] in Santa Lucía, Tectetánm with plans for more nuclear power plants on the later future.


The executive is the [[President of Gran Rugido|President of the Federal Republic of Gran Rugido]], who is the head of state and government, as well as the commander-in-chief of the military forces. The second executive in command is the [[Prime Minister of Gran Rugido|Prime Minister of the Nation]]. The President also appoints the Cabinet and other officers, including the prime minister. The President is responsible for executing and enforcing the law, and has the power to veto bills.
=== Science and technology ===


The highest organ of the judicial branch of government is the [[Supreme Court of Justice]], the national supreme court, which has eleven judges appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. The Supreme Court of Justice interprets laws and judges cases of federal competency. Other institutions of the judiciary are the Federal Electoral Tribunal, collegiate, unitary and district tribunals, and the Council of the Federal Judiciary.
''Main article: [[History of science and technology in Anáhuac]]''


=== Politics ===
[[File:GTM imagen.JPG|thumb|250px|[[Large Millimeter Telescope]] in [[Santa Elisa]], [[Anáhuac]]]]
''Main article: [[Politics in Gran Rugido]].''
''See also: [[List of political parties of Gran Rugido]]''


Three parties have historically been the dominant parties in Rugidoan politics: the Union Democratica Rugidoense (UDR), a catch-all party that was founded in 1925 to unite the centrists that were nearly killed after the Rugidoan Revolution; the Federal Instituional Party (PRF), a conservative party founded in 1919 and which has currently shifted to a less extreme right and held the nation's hegemony until 1954 and Unión y Fuerza Democratic Party (PDUyF) a left-wing party, ounded in 1971 as the succesor of the [[Unión y Fuerza]] guerrilla of the civil war. The UDR won its first governorship in 1946, and won the presidency in 1962,1970, 1986, 2002 and 2018.
The [[National Autonomous University of Anahuac]] was officially established in 1834, and the university became one of the most important institutes of higher learning in Anáhuac. UNAA provides world class education in science, medicine, and engineering.Many scientific institutes and new institutes of higher learning, such as the [[Instituto Politécnico Federal |Federal Polytechnic Institute]] (founded in 1916), were established during the first half of the 20th century. Most of the new research institutes were created within the UNAA. Twelve institutes were integrated into the UNAA from 1929 to 1973. In 1959, the [[Academia de Ciencias|Academy of Sciences]] was created to coordinate scientific efforts between academics.


A new political party, the Legitimate Leftist Party (PLI) a leftist-populist party, emerged after the 2002 election and dominated the 2010 Rugidoan general election.
In recent years, the largest scientific project being developed in Anáhuac was the construction of the Large Millimeter Telescope, one of the most sensitive single-aperture telescope in its frequency range. It was designed to observe regions of space obscured by stellar dust. Anáhuac was ranked 55th in the Global Innovation Index in 2020, up from 56th in 2019.


After 1968 and the civil war, the military in Gran Rugido does nor participate in the politics and is under civilian control.
=== Tourism ===


=== Foreign relations ===
''Main article: [[Tourism in Anáhuac]]''


''Main Article: Foreign relations of Gran Rugido''
[[File:Porlamar.jpg|thumb|left|View of [[Los Canas]] from [[Isleta Rosa María]]]]


[[File:Alfonso Garcia Robles 1981.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Dagoberto Khan, diplomat who proposed the Khan Doctrine]]
As of 2017, Anáhuac was the 10th most visited country in the world and had the 25th highest income from tourism in the world. The vast majority of tourists come to Anáhuac from fellow Olivacian and Astariaxian nations, followed by the Thismarian and Thuandian continents. In the 2017 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report, Anáhuac was ranked 23rd in the world, which was 2nd in Olivacia.


The foreign relations of Gran Rugido are directed by the [[President of Gran Rugido]] and managed by the [[Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores |Ministry of Foreign Relations]]. The principles of the foreign policy are constitutionally recognized in the Article 89, Section 10, which include: respect for international law and legal equality of states, their sovereignty and independence, trend to non-interventionism in the domestic affairs of other countries, peaceful resolution of conflicts, and promotion of collective security through active participation in international organizations Since the 1970s, the Khan Doctrine has served as a crucial complement to these principles.
The coastlines of Anáhuac harbor many stretches of beaches that are frequented by sunbathers and other visitors. According to national law, the entirety of the coastlines are under federal ownership, that is, all beaches in the country are public. On the Girón coastline, one of the most popular beach destinations is the resort capital of [[Ixchel]], especially among university students during spring break. Just offshore, in the [[Kaldaz Ocean]], is the beach island of [[Isla Roca Roja]]. Ixchel is the center of the coastal strip called [[Riviera Tarascana]] which includes the beach town of [[Puerto Progreso]] and the ecological parks of [[Tekit]] and [[Tecoh]]. A day trip to the south of Puerto Progreso is the historic port of [[Hoctún]]. In addition to its beaches, the town of Hoctún is notable for its cliff-side Tarascan ruins.


Gran Rugido is particulally close with nations of the East, such as [[Gavrilia]], [[Vultesia]],[[Hoterallia]] and the [[Layfet| S.A.D.L]], beign a member of the [[Saltstil Pact]] and other pacts in the east. Thus far, the sole relation with the West can be counted with [[Kentalis]], although it can be said it is cynical and seeks relations to nearly everyone. It currently disputed if Gran Rugido can be considered a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_power regional power] in Olivacia.
On the Sunadic coast is the notable tourist destination of [[Tecapan]]. Once the destination for the rich and famous, the beaches have become crowded and the shores are now home to many multi-story hotels and vendors. Tecapan has a close competition with the beach city of [[San Jorge Xayacatlán]] on being the top visited site on the Sunadic coastline. While Tecapan has demonstrated modest progress in the touristic approach of universal classes, San Jorge has shown rapid expansion and new destinations to former Xalieca ruins in the interstate border of [[Lujambio]], [[Senora]] and [[Xayacatlan]].


=== Military ===
In Isla Roca Roja, there is the resort town of [[Sonido de Tortuga]], a town noted for its beaches and abundant turtle eggs. Further north, is the historical city of [[Los Canas]], another beach town known for housing the Provisional Government during the civil war and numerous artificial wrecks made out of several aircraft that now homes several axolotls. [[Santa Elisa]] is the main city to visit in the [[Anepalco]], a bay surrounding the northern tip of Anáhuac, the eastern part of Zaragoza and a portion of southeastern Savane.
''Main Article: [[Gran Rugidoense Federal Armed Forces]]''
''See also: [[Military history of Gran Rugido]]''


The Gran Rugidoense military "provides a unique example of a military leadership's transforming itself into a civilian political elite, simultaneously transferring the basis of power from the army to a civilian state." A reformation was brought about by revolutionary generals in the 1930s and 1980s, following the demise of the Federal Army following its complete defeat during the decade-long [[Rugidoan Revolution]] and the [[Gran Rugidoan Civil War]].
=== Transportation ===


[[File:Elements of the GRFAF marching on September 19, 2016.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Female memebers of the GRFAF marching on September 19, 2016. Note the [[ARX-5 Xiuhcoatl]].]]
''Main article: [[Transportation in Anáhuac]]''


The Gran Rugidoense Federal Armed Forces is divided in two branches: the [[Gran Rugidoense Federal Army]] (which includes the [[Gran Rugidoense Air Force]]), and the [[Gran Rugidoense Navy]]. The Gran Rugidoense Federal Armed Forces maintain significant infrastructure, including facilities for design, research, and testing of weapons, vehicles, aircraft, naval vessels, defense systems and electronics; military industry manufacturing centers for building such systems, and advanced naval dockyards that build heavy military vessels and advanced missile technologies. Since the early 2010s, when the drug problems escalated, the military escalated it's response by increasing the importance on acquiring airborne surveillance platforms, aircraft, helicopters, digital war-fighting technologies, urban warfare equipment and rapid troop transport. Most of this technology has been used during the [[2021 Free Gran Rugido uprising]].
[[File:155794264 1568835983309359 7164643686764895349 n (1).jpg|320px|thumb|right|A FNA train arriving at Estación Dardanelos in Santa Elisa]]


At a certain point, Gran Rugido had the capabilities to manufacture nuclear weapons, but abandoned this possibility with the [[Treaty of Saint Ark]] in 1971 and pledged to only use its nuclear technology for peaceful purposes. However, there has been acusations that the government had programs to develop chemical weapons only to be discarded after the civil war ended.  
The roadway network in Anáhuac is extensive and all areas in the country are covered by it. The roadway network in Anáhuac has an extent of 336,095 km (208,839 mi), of which 106,802 km (66,363 mi) are paved. Of these, 10,474 km (6,508 mi) are multi-lane expressways: 9,544 km (5,930 mi) are four-lane highways and the rest have 6 or more lanes.


Historically, Gran Rugido has remained neutral in international conflicts. However, in recent years some political parties have proposed an amendment of the Constitution to allow the Army, Air Force or Navy to collaborate in peacekeeping missions, or to provide military help to countries that officially ask for it.
Starting in the late nineteenth century, Anáhuac was one of the first Olivacian countries to promote railway development, and the network covers 28,952 km (17,989 mi). [[Ferrocarriles Nacionales de Anáhuac]] (FNA) serves as the state-owned company in charge of railway transportation across the country. Currently, FNR has proposed an in a high-speed rail link that will transport its passengers to essential cities of industrial, touristic and logistical interest. The train will depart from San Jorge to Santa Elisa, passing through [[Izalco]], [[Aztlán]], [[Ixchel]], [[Puerto Progreso]] and [[Santa Fe]]. The project is expected to cost around $25 billion ACU and is being paid for jointly by the Mexican government and the local private sector. The governments of the states of Vizcaya and Pesquería are also funding the construction of a joint line connecting [[San Agustín]] to the port of Urbaneja and resuming in the port of Caño to end in [[Puerto Peñasco]]


=== Law Enforcement ===
Anáhuac has 213 airports with paved runways; of these, 35 carry 97% of the passenger traffic. The [[San Jorge Xayacatlán International Airport]] transports 35 million passengers a year.
Public security is enacted at the three levels of government, each of which has different prerogatives and responsibilities. Local and state police departments are primarily in charge of law enforcement, whereas the [[Federal Police of Gran Rugido]] is in charge of specialized duties. All levels report to the Ministerio de Seguridad Pública (Ministry of Public Security). The General Attorney's Office (Fiscalía General de la Federación FGF) is a constitutional autonomous organism in charge of investigating and prosecuting crimes at the federal level, mainly those related to drug and arms trafficking, espionage, and bank robberies. The FGF operates the [[Ministerial Police (Gran Rugido)|Ministerial Police]] (Policia Ministerial, PM) an investigative and preventive agency.


=== Political Divisions ===
=== Water supply and sanitation ===


''Main articles: [[Administrative divisions of Gran Rugido]], [[States of Gran Rugido]], [[Municipalities of Gran Rugido]], and [[List of Rugidoan state legislatures]]''
Among the achievements is a significant increase in access to piped water supply in urban areas (96.4%) as well as in rural areas (69.4%) as of 2018. Other achievements include the existence of a functioning national system to finance water and sanitation infrastructure with a [[Comisión Nacional del Agua|National Water Commission]] as its apex institution. The recent [[2021 Anahuacan drought]] has exposed a new need for water and fears of scarcity have become an issue in essential parts of the [[Jilachi Desert]]. The solution for the government has required a extensive and consistent fluency of {{wp|Cloud seeding|cloud seeding}}  alongside relief from Vultesian engieneers.


The Federal Republic of Gran Rugido are a federation of 12 free and sovereign states, which form a union that exercises juridisction over [[San Jorge Xayacatlán]].
Challenges that the CNA faces include water scarcity in the southern and central parts of the country; inadequate water service quality (drinking water quality; 11% of Anahuense receiving water only intermittently as of 2014); poor technical and commercial efficiency of most utilities (with an average level of non-revenue water of 43.2% in 2010); increasing the national percentage of fully sanitized water which at 57%, is considered to not be enough, as the country's theoretically available percentage of water per capita is 60% lower than it was 60 years ago; and the improvement of adequate access in rural areas. In addition to on-going investments to expand access, the government has embarked on a large investment program to improve wastewater treatment.


Each state has its own constitution, congress, and a judiciary, and its citizens elect by direct voting a governor for a four-year term with the chance of reelection and representatives to their unicameral state congresses for two-year terms.
== Demographics ==


San Jorge is a special political division that belongs to the federation as a whole and not to a particular state. Known as the Federal District, its autonomy was limited relative to that of the states. It is expected to drop this designation in early 2022 and is in the process of achieving greater political autonomy by becoming a federal entity with its own constitution and congress.
''Main article: [[Demographics of Anáhuac]]''


The states are divided into municipalities, the smallest administrative political entity in the country, governed by a mayor or municipal president (presidente municipal), elected by its residents by plurality.
Throughout the 19th century, the population of Anáhuac had barely doubled. This trend continued during the first two decades of the 20th century, and even in the 1921 census there was a loss of about 1 million inhabitants. The phenomenon can be explained because during the decade from 1910 to 1921 the [[Anahuense Revolution]] took place. The growth rate increased heavily between the 1930s and the 1980s, when the country registered growth rates of over 3% (1950–1980). The Anahuense population doubled in twenty years, and at that rate it was expected that by 2020 there would be 112 million Anahuenses. Life expectancy went from 31 years (in 1895) to 74 years (in the year 2000). According to estimations made by Anáhuac's [[National Geography and Statistics Ministry]], as of March 2022, Gran Rugido has 52.3 million inhabitants. However, new reports suggest a stagnation of population due to the recent political climate.


[[File:Statal map.png|584px|thumb|center]]
[[File:Castas 01mestiza max.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Colonial casta painting of a Canter with an indigenous woman and a mestizo child.]]


{| class="wikitable"
Even though Anáhuac is a very ethnically diverse country, research about ethnicity has largely been a forgotten field, in consequence of the post-revolutionary efforts of Anáhuac's government to unify all non-indigenous Anahuenses under a single ethnic identity (that of the "{{wp|Mestizo|Mestizos}}"). As a result, since 1930 the only explicit ethnic classification that has been included in modern censuses has been that of "Indigenous peoples". Even then, across the years the government has used different criteria to count Indigenous peoples, with each of them returning considerably different numbers ranging from 6.1% to 23% of the country's population.
|-
! State N° !! Entity !! Capital
|-
| 1 || [[Xayacatlán]] || [[San Jorge Xayacatlán]]
|-
| 2 || [[Lujambio]] || [[Santiago de Lujambio]]
|-
| 3 || [[Córdoba]] || [[Hernández de Córdoba]] 
|-
| 4 || [[Senora]] || [[Aztlán]]
|-
| 5 || [[Autlán]] || [[Temixtlán]]
|-
| 6 || [[Tectetán]] || [[Ixchel]]
|-
| 7 || [[Mendoza]] || [[Heróica Ciudad de Mendoza]]
|-
| 8 || [[Zaragoza]] || [[Zaragoza de Seguín]]
|-
| 9 || [[Anáhuac]] || [[Santa Elisa]]
|-
| 10 || [[Vizcaya]] || [[San Agustín]]
|-
| 11 || [[Pesquería]] || [[Puerto Peñasco]]
|-
| 12 || [[Isla Roca Roja]] || [[Los Canas]]
|-
|}


== Economy ==
It is not until very recently that the government began conducting surveys that consider other ethnic groups that live in the country such as Thuandian-Anahuenses who amount to .5% of the population or White Anahuenses who amount to 47% of Mexico's population (with the criteria being based on appearance rather than on self-declared ancestry). Less numerous groups in Anahuenses such as Astariaxians and Meredonians are also accounted for, with numbers of around <0.5-2% each.


''Main article: [[Economy of Gran Rugido]]''
As of 2017, it is estimated that 1.1 million foreigners have settled in the country. Many migrants come from [[Gavrilia]] (60,000), making Anáhuac one of the top destination for Gavrilian citizens abroad. The second largest group comes from neighboring ally [[Hoterallia]] (54,500), followed by [[Riamo]] (27,600). Other major sources of migration are fellow Eastern nations, which include [[Vultesia]] (20,600), [[Zhiguryia]] (19,200) and [[Freice]] (1,100). Historically, Hoterallian and Gavrilian diasporas and Vultesian-born worker migration have left a notorious impact in the country's culture, particularly in its cuisine and traditional music.


''See also: [[Economic history of Gran Rugido]]''
At the turn of the 21st century, several trends have increased the number of foreigners residing in the country such as the automotive industry boom led by Hoterallian and Zhiguryian investment.


[[File:Torre Axtel y Bolsa de Valores.jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[Rugidoense Stock Exchange]] building]]
=== Ethnicity and race ===
As of 2020, agriculture has comprised 4% of the economy over the last two decades, while industry contributes 33% (mostly automotive, oil, and electronics) and services (notably financial services and tourism) contribute 63%. Currentlly, Gran Rugido's GDP by Purchasing party parity is of $1.275 trillion ACU and $443 billion on a nominal GDP. GDP annual average growth was 2.9% in 2017 and 2% in 2018. Gran Rugido's GDP in PPP per capita was ACU $20,266. Gran Rugido is now firmly established as an upper middle-income country. After the slowdown of 2002, the country has recovered and has grown 4.2, 3.0 and 4.8 percent in 2004, 2005 and 2006, even though it is considered to be well below Gran Rugido's potential growth. It is expected that by 2050, Gran Rugido could potentially become a powerhouse economy in [[Olivacia]], and probably a Top 20 in Anteria.
Regardless of ethnicity, most Anahuenses are united under the same national identity. This is the product of an ideology strongly promoted by Anahuense academics such as [[Ramón Sucre]] and [[Miguel Ángel]] known as {{wp|Mestizo|''mestizaje''}}, whose goal was that of Anáhuac becoming a racially and culturally homogeneous country. The ideology's influence was reflected in the national censuses of 1921 and 1930: in the former, which was Gran Rugido’s first-ever national census that considered race, approximately 60% of Gran Rugido's population identified as Mestizos, and in the latter, the government declared that all Anahuenses were now Mestizos, for which racial classifications would be dropped in favor of language-based ones in future censuses.  


Gran Rugido has one of the highest degree of economic disparity between the extremely poor and extremely rich, although it has been falling over the last decade, being one of few countries in which this is the case.  The bottom ten percent in the income hierarchy disposes of 1.36% of the country's resources, whereas the upper ten percent dispose of almost 36%. Daily minimum wages are set annually being set at $204.43 Rugidoan pesos (ACU $10.00) in 2019. All of the indices of social development for the indigenous population are considerably lower than the national average, which is motive of concern for the government.
In recent times, historians and academics have claimed that said results are not accurate, as in its efforts to homogenize the nation, the government inflated the Mestizo label's percentage by classifying a good number of people as such regardless of whether they were of actual mixed ancestry or not, pointing out that an alteration so drastic of population trends compared to earlier censuses is not possible and that the frequency of marriages between people of different ancestries in colonial and early independent Anáhuac was low. It is also observed that when asked directly about their ethno-racial identification, many Anahuenses nowadays do not identify as Mestizos, would not agree to be labeled as such, and that "static" ethnoracial labels such as "White" or "Indian" are far more prominent in contemporary society than the "Mestizo" one is, whose use is mostly limited to intellectual circles, a result of the label's constantly changing and subjective definition.


The electronics industry of Gran Rugido has grown enormously within the last decade. Although not as gigantic as the Bakyernian or Neuwelandian tech industry, the Rugidoan electronics industry is dominated by the manufacture and OEM design of televisions, displays, computers, mobile phones, circuit boards, semiconductors, electronic appliances, communications equipment and LCD modules. The Rugidoan electronics industry grew 13% between 2010 and 2011, up from its constant growth rate of 7% between 2003 and 2009. Currently electronics represent 6-12% of G.R's exports depending on the sources. The domestic car industry is represented by [[SRAT|SRAT S.A]]., which has built buses, cars and trucks since 1934, and the new Itzmin company that builds the high-performance Itzmin Inferno and Izel.  
The total percentage of Anáhuac's [[Indigenous people of Anáhuac|indigenous peoples]] tends to vary depending on the criteria used by the government in its censuses: if the ability to speak an indigenous language is used as the criterion to define a person as indigenous, it is 6.1%, if racial self-identification is used, it is 14.9% and if people who consider themselves part indigenous are also included, it amounts to 23%. Nonetheless, all the censuses conclude that the majority of Anáhuac's indigenous population is concentrated in rural or remote areas of the center and eastern with the highest percentages being found in [[Tectetán]] (59% of the population), [[Senora]] (48%), [[Xayacatlán]] (39%), [[Huasteca]] (28%), and [[Lujambio]] (27%).


On the weapons manufacture industry, domestic producers include the long-standing [[South Aztlán Munitions Factory]], located in the eponymous city. The  SAMF has armed the Army, Navy and Air Force since 1943, beign the biggest contractor of the company. The governvemnt owned company is the fabricant of the [[ARX-05 Xiuhcoatl]], the homegrown assault rifle that is set to replace the StG-59 of Thismarian origin. Private arms industry includes [[Armería Hermanos Arvizu S.A de C.V]], [[Industrias Mondragón]] and [[Productos Lujambio]]
=== Languages ===


=== Communications ===
{{wp|Spanish language|Spanish}} is the de facto national language spoken by most of the population, making Anáhuac one of the world's most populous Hispanophone country. {{wp|Mexican Spanish|Anahuense Spanish}} refers to the varieties of the language spoken in the country, which differ from one region to another in sound, structure, and vocabulary. In general, Anahuense Spanish does not make any phonetic distinction among the letters s and z, as well as c when preceding the vowels ''e'' and ''i'', as opposed to Canterian. The letters ''b'' and ''v'' have the same pronunciation as well. Furthermore, the usage of ''vos'', the second person singular pronoun, found in several varieties, is replaced by ''tú''; whereas ''vosotros'', the second person plural pronoun, fell out of use and was effectively replaced by ''ustedes''. In written form, the Canter Academy serves as the primary guideline for spelling, except for words of Olivandian origin that retain their original phonology such as ''cenzontle'' instead of ''sinzontle''. Words of foreign origin also maintain their original spelling such as "whisky" and "film", as opposed to ''güisqui'' and ''filme''. The letter ''x'' is distinctly used in Anahuense Spanish, where it may be pronounced as [ks] (as in oxígeno or taxi); as [ʃ], particularly in Olivandian words (e.g., mixiote, Xola and uxmal); and as the voiceless velar fricative [x].


''See also: [[Telecommunications in Gran Rugido]]''
The federal government officially recognizes [[Languages of Anáhuac|thirty-two linguistic groups and 182 varieties of indigenous languages]]. It is estimated that around 8.3 million citizens speak these languages, with {{wp|Nahuatl|Xalieca}} being the most widely spoken by more than 1.7 million, followed by {{wp|Yucatec Maya language|Tarascan}} used daily by nearly 850,000 people. {{wp|Tzeltal language|Tzeltal}} and {{wp|Tzotzil language|Tzotzil}}, two other Tarascan languages, are spoken by around half a million people each, primarily in the southern west part of Tectetán. {{wp|Mixtec language|Teonul}} and {{wp|Zapotec languages|Nigixio}}, with an estimated 500,000 native speakers each, are two other prominent language groups.


The telecommunications industry is mostly dominated by [[Telefónica Rugidoense]], privatized in 1990 . Other players in the domestic industry are Grancom, Telefonía General and Infintel. 82% of Rugidoense over the age of 14 own a mobile phone. Mobile telephony has the advantage of reaching all areas at a lower cost, and the total number of mobile lines is almost two times that of landlines, with an estimation of 53 million lines. The telecommunication industry is regulated by the government through [[Comisión Nacional de Telecomunicaciones|Conatel]] (Comisión Nacional de Telecomunicaciones).
Aside from indigenous languages, there are several minority languages spoken in Anáhuac due to international migration such as Vultesian by the Idjota minority that settled in Anáhuac thought the nineteen-eighties. {{wp|English language|English}} is the most taught foreign language in Anáhuac. It is estimated that nearly 10.4 million, or around a fifth of the population, study the language through public schools, private institutions, or self-access channels. However, a high level of English proficiency is limited to only 5% of the population. Moreover, {{wp|Japanese language|Hoterallian}} is the second most widely taught foreign language, as every year between 100,000 and 70,000 Anahuense students enroll in language courses, while [[Freicians#Language|Freician]] is the third most taught language in Anáhuac.


[[File:Torre de teléfonos de Telmex.jpeg|thumb|350px|right|Telefónica Rugidoense Tower, Laurua]]
=== Urban areas ===


The Rugidoense satellite system is domestic and operates 120 earth stations. There is also extensive microwave radio relay network and considerable use of fiber-optic and coaxial cable. Rugidoense satellites are operated by Satélites Rugidoenses and Servicios Satelitales de Mendoza, a private company. Both offer broadcast, telephone and telecommunication services to all of Gran Rugido. Through business partnerships both comapnies have agreed to provided high-speed connectivity to ISPs and Digital Broadcast Services. Satélites Rugidoenses and Servicios Satelitales de Mendoza maintain their own satellite fleet with most of the fleet being designed and built in the nation and using San Calia as a launch base.
{{Largest cities
| name        = Largest cities of Anáhuac
| country      = Anáhuac
| class = nav
| div_name    = States
| stat_ref = 2
|city_1 = San Jorge Xayacatlán | div_1 = Xayacatlán | pop_1 = 5,209,944 | img_1 = Miraflores Skyline (Lima, Peru).png
|city_2 = Santa Elisa | div_2 = Canatlán | pop_2 = 5,001,074 | img_2 = Ciudad de Panamá.jpg
|city_3 = Santiago de Lujambio | div_3 = Lujambio | pop_3 = 4,199,451 |img_3 = Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (2021) - 011.jpg
|city_4 = Aztlán | div_4 = Senora | pop_4 = 3,762,908 | img_4 = Skyline Hermosillo.jpg
|city_5 = Hernández de Córdoba | div_5 = Córdoba | pop_5 = 3,202,870
|city_6 = Ixchel | div_6 = Tectetán | pop_6 = 2,189,629
|city_7 = Heroica Ciudad de Mendoza | div_7 = Huasteca | pop_7 = 1,708,007
|city_8 = Zaragoza de Seguín | div_8 = Zaragoza | pop_8 = 1,480,772
|city_9 = Zoquipan | div_9 = Xayacaltán | pop_9 = 1,050,842
|city_10 = San Agustín | div_10 = Vizcaya | pop_10 = 962,534
}}


Major players in the broadcasting industry are [[Imevisión]], one of the largest media company in the Spanish-speaking world, [[Televisión del Gran Rugido|Televisión del Rugido]] and [[Imagen 5]].
=== Health ===


=== Energy ===
''Main Article: [[Health in Anáhuac]]''
''See also: [[Electric sector in Gran Rugido]]''
[[File:HospitalGralMexico.JPG|250px|thumb|left|General Hospital of San Jorge ]]
During the ''Reconstrucción'' and ever since, Anahuac has entered a transitional stage of health of its population and some indicators such as mortality patterns are identical to those found in highly developed. Anáhuac's medical infrastructure is highly rated for the most part and is usually excellent in major cities, but rural and remote communities still lack equipment for advanced medical procedures, forcing patients in those locations to travel to the closest urban areas to get specialized medical care. Programs such as the Doctor Vagón or the Salud Digna have managed to temporarily brough the urban infrastructure to these rural and remote communities.


Energy production in Gran Rugido is managed jointly by the state-owned companies [[Comisión Nacional de Electricidad|National Commission of Electricity]]y and [[Petróleos Rugidoenses]].
State-funded institutions such as [[Anahuense Social Security Institute]] (IRSS) and the [[Anahuense Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers]] (IRSSSTE) play a major role in health and social security. Private health services are also very important and account for 13% of all medical units in the country. Medical training is done mostly at public universities with many specializations done in vocational or internship settings.


Petrorugido, the public company in charge of exploration, extraction, transportation and marketing of crude oil and natural gas, as well as the refining and distribution of petroleum products and petrochemicals, making ACU$43 billion in sales a year. Gran Rugido is the sixth-largest oil producer in the world, with 2.7 million barrels per day. In 1980 oil exports accounted for 61.6% of total exports; by 2000 it was only 7.3%.
As part of the undeclared [[Anahuense War on Drugs]], the government’s ''Nuevo Enfoque'', focused on making drug-related healthcare a basic right to every citizen in the country. Anáhuac’s rehabilitation and reinsertion program (''Rompiendo Bien'') have been praised due to high successes at large and help to former addicts to make a honest life without returning to crime or drug usage.


The largest hydro plant in Gran Rugido is the 2,400 MW Alexia Villarreal in Chicoasén, Senora, in the Girón River.
[[File:Biblioteca Central CU.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Anahuac]]


Gran Rugido is the country with the third largest solar potential in Olivacia. The country's gross solar potential is estimated at 5kWh/m2 daily, which corresponds to 50 times national electricity generation. Currently, there is over 1,8 million square meters of solar thermal panels installed, while in 2005, there were 115,000 square meters of solar PV (photo-voltaic). It is expected that in 2032 there will be 2,4 million square meters of installed solar thermal panels. The project named SEGH-CFE 1, located in the outskirts of Aztlán, Senora, in the east of Gran Rugido, will have capacity of 46.8 MW from an array of 187,200 solar panels when complete in 2021. All of the electricity will be sold directly to the CNE and absorbed into the utility's transmission system for distribution throughout their existing network. Gran Rugido is also currently experimenting with the bright sides of nuclear energy with the project of the [[Alto Lucero Nuclear Power Plant]] in Santa Lucía, Tectetán.
=== Education ===
''Main Article: [[Education in Anáhuac]]''


=== Science and technology ===
In 2004, the literacy rate was at 97% for youth under the age of 14, and 91% for people over 15. Nowadays, Anáhuac's literacy rate is high, at 94.86% in 2018, up from 82.99% in 1980, with the literacy rates of males and females being relatively equal.


''Main article: [[History of science and technology in Gran Rugido]]''
The [[National Autonomous University of Anahuac]] ranks 93rd in the QS World University Rankings, making it the best university in Gran Rugido. After it comes the [[Santa Elisa Institute of Technology and Higher Education]] as the best private school in Anáhuac and 138th worldwide in 2019.


[[File:GTM imagen.JPG|thumb|250px|[[Large Millimeter Telescope]] in [[Santa Elisa]], [[Anáhuac]]]]
== Culture ==
''Main Article: [[Culture of Anáhuac]] ''


The [[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Gran Rugido|National Autonomous University of Gran Rugido]] was officially established in 1834, and the university became one of the most important institutes of higher learning in Gran Rugido. UNAGR provides world class education in science, medicine, and engineering.Many scientific institutes and new institutes of higher learning, such as the [[Instituto Politécnico Federal |Federal Polytechnic Institute]] (founded in 1916), were established during the first half of the 20th century. Most of the new research institutes were created within the UNAGR. Twelve institutes were integrated into the UNAGR from 1929 to 1973. In 1959, the [[Academia de Ciencias|Academy of Sciences]] was created to coordinate scientific efforts between academics.
Anahuense culture reflects the complexity of the country's history through the blending of indigenous cultures and the culture of mainland Canteria, imparted during the nearly 300-year colonial rule of Anáhuac. Exogenous cultural elements have been incorporated into Anahuense culture as time has passed.


Currently, the UNAGR has associated with the [[University of Layfet]] in the UL-NAUGR Arctic Research Group in [[Arbiter Station]]. The UNAGR program focuses on students studying degrees of Biology, Marine Biology and Microbiology to study the Artic. In recent years, the largest scientific project being developed in Gran Rugido was the construction of the [[Gran Telescopio Milimétrico |Large Millimeter Telescope]] (Gran Telescopio Milimétrico, GMT), one of the most sensitive single-aperture telescope in its frequency range. It was designed to observe regions of space obscured by stellar dust. Gran Rugido was ranked 55th in the Global Innovation Index in 2020, up from 56th in 2019.
[[File:Flores silvestres - diseño textil amuzgo (Xochistlahuaca, Guerrero).jpg|250px|thumb|right|Textile design of wild flowers seen in a market in Zoquipan, Xayacatlán]]


=== Tourism ===
The [[Lenociato]] era, in the last quarter of the XIX century and the first decade of the XX Century, was marked by economic progress and relative peace. After nearly sixty years of civil unrest, political instability and a sense of death, Anáhuac saw a redevelopment of philosophy and the arts, promoted by the administration following the [[Anahuacan Revolution]] and the [[Anahuense Civil War|Civil War]] respectively.


''Main article: [[Tourism in Gran Rugido]]''
Since those times, cultural identity has had its foundation in the mestizaje, of which the indigenous (i.e., Olivandian) element is the core. Considering the various ethnicities that formed the Anahuense people, [[Miguel Ángel]] in his book, ''[[The Unification of the Anahuense Race|La Unificación de la Raza Anahuense]]'' (The Unification of the Anahuense Race) (1925) defined Anáhuac to be the melting pot of all races (thus extending the definition of the mestizo) not only biologically but culturally as well. Other Anahuacan intellectuals grappled with the idea of ''Lo Anahuense'', which seeks "to discover the national ethos of Anahuense culture.


[[File:Porlamar.jpg|thumb|left|View of [[Los Canas]] from [[Isleta Rosa María]]]]
=== Painting ===
[[File:Front view of Palacio de Bellas Artes at night.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Palace of Fine Arts in San Jorge Xayacatlán]]
''Main article: [[Art of Anáhuac]]''


As of 2017, Gran Rugido was the 10th most visited country in the world and had the 25th highest income from tourism in the world. The vast majority of tourists come to Gran Rugido from fellow Olivacian and Astariaxian nations, followed by the Thismarian and Thuandian continents. In the 2017 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report, Gran Rugido was ranked 23rd in the world, which was 2nd in Olivacia.
Painting has been the oldest art and method of expression in Anáhuac. Cave paintings in Anahuense territory is about 7500 – 7000 years old and has been found in the [[Steppes of Laura]] or in the [[Valle de la Calma]]. Pre-Canterian Anáhuac is present in buildings and caves, in Xalieca codices, in ceramics, in garments, etc.; examples of this are the Tarascan mural paintings of [[Xlapak]], or those of [[Chalco]] and [[Itzatlán]].  


The coastlines of Gran Rugido harbor many stretches of beaches that are frequented by sunbathers and other visitors. According to national law, the entirety of the coastlines are under federal ownership, that is, all beaches in the country are public. On the Girón coastline, one of the most popular beach destinations is the resort capital of [[Ixchel]], especially among university students during spring break. Just offshore, in the [[Kaldaz Ocean]], is the beach island of [[Isla Roca Roja]]. Ixchel is the center of the coastal strip called [[Riviera Tarascana]] which includes the beach town of [[Puerto Progreso]] and the ecological parks of [[Tekit]] and [[Tecoh]]. A day trip to the south of Puerto Progreso is the historic port of [[Hoctún]]. In addition to its beaches, the town of Hoctún is notable for its cliff-side Tarascan ruins.
[[File:Frida Kahlo 1932.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Maya Nieto in 1932]]


On the Sunadic coast is the notable tourist destination of [[Tecapan]]. Once the destination for the rich and famous, the beaches have become crowded and the shores are now home to many multi-story hotels and vendors. Tecapan has a close competition with the beach city of [[San Jorge]] on being the top visited site on the Sunadic coastline. While Tecapan has demonstrated modest progress in the touristic approach of universal classes, San Jorge has shown rapid expansion and new destinations to former Sapin ruins in the interstate border of [[Lujambio]], [[Senora]] and [[Xayacatlan]].
Mural painting with religious themes had an important blossoming during the 16th century. Most art in the colonial era was religious but starting in the late seventeenth century and most prominently in the eighteenth century, secular portraits and casta painting appeared. Important painters of the late colonial period were [[Miguel Santos]], [[Francisco Madrigal]] and [[Severiano Cabrera]]. Nineteenth-century painting had a marked romantic influence; landscapes and portraits were the greatest expressions of this era. [[Eugenio Robles Parda]] is one of the most appreciated painters of the historiography of Anahuense art. Other painters include [[Andrés Parra]], [[Esteban Gutierrez]], [[Porfirio Reyna]] and landscape artist, [[Juan Carlos Obleda]].


In Isla Roca Roja, there is the resort town of [[Sonido de Tortuga]], a town noted for its beaches and abundant turtle eggs. Further north, is the historical city of [[Los Canas]], another beach town known for housing the Provisional Government during the civil war and numerous artificial wrecks made out of [[VSZ-47 Furore]] that now homes several axolotls. [[Santa Elisa]] is the main city to visit in the [[Anepalco]], a bay surrounding the northern tip of Anáhuac, the eastern part of Zaragoza and a portion of southeastern Savane.
Anahuense painting of the 20th century has achieved world renown with figures such as [[Pepe Toño Siqueiros]], [[Alfredo Orozco Ruiz]], [[David Klauser]], [[Maya Nieto]] and [[Donato Renteria]], a generation of idealists who marked the image of modern Anáhuac in the face of strong social and economic criticism. The [[Zaragoza School of Arts]] quickly gained fame and prestige, diffusion of ancestral and modern culture. Freedom of design is observed in relation to the color and texture of the canvases and murals as a period of transition between the 20th century and the 21st century. [[Flavio Cantú Guerrero]] and [[Reinaldo Trujillo]] are also important artists. Some of Renteria’s murals are displayed at the National Palace and the Palace of Fine Arts.


=== Transportation ===
=== Architecture ===
''Main Article: [[Architecture of Anáhuac]]''
[[File:SSA41434.JPG|220px|thumb|left|[[Chalco]], [[Xayacatlán|State of Xayacatlán]]]]


''Main article: [[Transportation in Gran Rugido]]''
While it’s a mystery why cultures such as the {{wp|Aztecs|Xalieca}} or the {{wp|Maya civilization|Tarascan}} decided to settle in Anahuense territory, it has left important archaeological findings of great importance for the explanation of the habitat of primitive man and contemporary man. The Mesolivacian civilizations managed to have great stylistic development and proportion on the human and urban scale, the form was evolving from simplicity to aesthetic complexity; in the north of the country the adobe and stone architecture is manifested, the multifamily housing as we can see in [[Tzintzuntzan]]. Urbanism had a great development in Pre-Canterian cultures, where we can see the magnitude of the cities of [[Chalco]] and [[Anáhuac-Jaltenco]], within the environmentalist urbanism highlight the Tarascan cities to be incorporated into the monumentality of its buildings with the thickness of the savannah and complex networks of roads called ''sakbés''.


[[File:155794264 1568835983309359 7164643686764895349 n (1).jpg|320px|thumb|right|A FNR train arriving at Estación Dardanelo in Santa Elisa]]
Canter Colonial architecture is marked by the contrast between the simple, solid construction demanded by the new environment and the Baroque ornamentation. Due to the process of evangelization, when the first monastic temples and monasteries were built, their own models were projected, such as the medicant monasteries, unique in their type in architecture. The interaction between Canterians and natives gave rise to artistic styles such as the so-called tequitqui (from {{wp|Nahuatl|Xalieca}}: worker). Years later the baroque and mannerism were imposed in large cathedrals and civil buildings, while rural areas are built haciendas or stately farms.
[[File:Castillo de Chapultepec (Museo Nacional de Historia).JPG|250px|thumb|right|Castle of Quetzaltepeque, San Jorge Xayacatlán]]


The roadway network in Gran Rugido is extensive and all areas in the country are covered by it. The roadway network in Gran Rugido has an extent of 336,095 km (208,839 mi), of which 106,802 km (66,363 mi) are paved. Of these, 10,474 km (6,508 mi) are multi-lane expressways: 9,544 km (5,930 mi) are four-lane highways and the rest have 6 or more lanes.
In the 19th century, the neoclassical movement arose as a response to the objectives of the republican nation, one of its examples are the [[Hospicio Benavides]] where the strict plastic of the classical orders is represented in their architectural elements, new religious buildings also arise, civilian and military that demonstrate the presence of neoclassicism. The art nouveau, and the art deco were styles introduced into the design of the [[Palace of the Fine Arts|Palacio de Bellas Artes]] to mark the identity of the Anahuense with Thismarian, Thuandian and Pre-Canterian symbols.


Starting in the late nineteenth century, Gran Rugido was one of the first Olivacian countries to promote railway development, and the network covers 28,952 km (17,989 mi). [[Ferrocarriles Nacionales de Gran Rugido]] (FNR) serves as the state-owned company in charge of railway transportation across the country. Currently, FNR has proposed an in a high-speed rail link that will transport its passengers to essential cities of industrial, touristic and logistical interest. The train will depart from San Jorge to Santa Elisa, passing through [[Izalco]], [[Aztlán]], [[Ixchel]], [[Puerto Progreso]] and [[Santa Fe]]. The project is expected to cost around $25 billion ACU and is being paid for jointly by the Mexican government and the local private sector. The governments of the states of Vizcaya and Pesquería are also funding the construction of a joint line connecting [[San Agustín]] to the port of Urbaneja and resuming in the port of Caño to end in [[Puerto Peñasco]]
The development of a Anahuense modernist architecture was perhaps mostly fully manifested in the mid-1950s construction of the [[Ciudad Universitaria]], the main campus of the [[National Autonomous University of Anahuac]]. Designed by the most prestigious architects of the era, including Emmanuel Saenz and Enrique Ferreira, the buildings feature murals by artists [[Donato Renteria]], [[Alfredo Orozco Ruiz]], and [[Maya Nieto]].


Gran Rugido has 213 airports with paved runways; of these, 35 carry 97% of the passenger traffic. The [[San Jorge Xayacatlán International Airport]] transports 35 million passengers a year.
Anahuense architecture is a cultural phenomenon born of the ideology of nationalist governments of the XXth century, which was shaping the identity image by its colorful and variegated ornamental elements inherited from ancestral cultures, classical and monumental forms and, subsequently, the incorporation of modernism and cutting-edge international trends.


=== Water supply and sanitation ===
=== Literature ===
''Main Article: [[Literature of Anáhuac]]''
[[File:Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1772).jpg|200px|thumb|right|Catalina Raquel de San Marino in a painting in 1772]]
[[File:Gabriel García Márquez 02.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Miguel Ángel Martínez in 2003]]


Among the achievements is a significant increase in access to piped water supply in urban areas (96.4%) as well as in rural areas (69.4%) as of 2018. Other achievements include the existence of a functioning national system to finance water and sanitation infrastructure with a [[Comisión Nacional del Agua|National Water Commission]] as its apex institution. The recent [[2021 Rugidoense drought]] has exposed a new need for water and fears of scarcity have become an issue in essential parts of the [[Jilachi Desert]]. The solution for the government required a extensive and consistent fluency of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_seeding cloud seeding] alongside relief from Vultesian engieneers.
Anahuense literature has its antecedents in Mesolivacia. Poetry had a rich cultural tradition in Pre-Canterian Anáhuac, being divided into two broad categories –popular and religious. Xalieca poetry was often sung, chanted, or spoken with the accompaniment of a drum or a harp. While Jaltenco was the political capital, Acolman was the cultural center; the Xalieca language variation in Acolman was considered the most melodious and refined.  


Challenges that the CNA faces include water scarcity in the southern and central parts of the country; inadequate water service quality (drinking water quality; 11% of Rugidoense receiving water only intermittently as of 2014); poor technical and commercial efficiency of most utilities (with an average level of non-revenue water of 43.2% in 2010); increasing the national percentage of fully sanitized water which at 57%, is considered to not be enough, as the country's theoretically available percentage of water per capita is 60% lower than it was 60 years ago; and the improvement of adequate access in rural areas. In addition to on-going investments to expand access, the government has embarked on a large investment program to improve wastewater treatment.
Literature in colonial times were mostly dominated by Canterian conquests, and most writers came from the Canter mainland. True Anahuense-born writers would arise throught the XVII – XVIII century with figures such as [[Juan Francisco de Zaragoza]] attaining renown over his piece ''[[La Grandeza en Xalco]]'' (Grandeur in Xalco). Influential writers and poets such as [[Catalina Raquel de San Marino]] and [[Javier Torres de Mante]] would write and produce works that are still read in Anáhuac. The XVIII and early XIX centuries gave us [[Diego Escobar de Farenzia]], whose novel ''[[Las Montañas en Thuandia]]'', is considered the truly first Anahuense novel.


== Demographics ==
Other prominent writers include [[Jean Mario Nuñez]], [[Salvador Carreiro]], [[Edgar Bolaños]], [[Miguel Ángel Martínez]], [[César Labrador]], [[Alonso Caballero]], [[Valentina García]], [[Ainoa Lujambio]] (''[[Los funerales de Anastasio Müller]]''), [[Abraham Azucena]] and [[Enzo Alférez]]. Miguel Ángel Martínez is often credited as being ''the father of magic realism'' in Olivacian literature. His notable works such as ''[[Fourteen Years of Loneliness]]'', ''[[How Not to Drown]]'' and ''[[Emptiness]]'' have inspired authors such as [[José Manuel Teixidó]] and [[Fátima Carranza]].
=== Ethnicity and race ===


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=== Cinema ===


=== Languages ===
''Main Article: [[Cinema of Anáhuac]]''
[[File:María Félix 1947.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Actress María Ilen]]


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Alongside Hoterallian films, Anahuense films from the [[Golden Age of Anahuense Cinema|Golden Age]] in the 1940s and 1950s are the greatest examples of Olivacian cinema, with a huge industry comparable to the mainstream Western industry of those years. Several Anahuense films were exported and exhibited in all Olivacia, Astariax, Meredonne and Thuandia. Famous actors and actresses from this period include [[María Ilen]], [[César Val]], [[Teresa Halconero]], [[Eloy Cueva]], and the comedian ''[[Cantinflas]]''.


=== Urban areas ===
After the [[Anahuense Civil War|civil war]], cinema went through a Renaissance with films such as [[Alas Doradas]] (1989), [[Destino]] (1992), [[Sexo monótono]] (1999), [[Agua de Lluvia]] (2001) and [[Todos aman el atardecer]] (2002) have been successful in creating universal stories about contemporary subjects and were internationally recognized. Anahuense directors such as [[Jorge Serrano]] (''[[El Rugir del Paraíso]], [[La Mano Peluda|La Mano Peluda]]''), [[Julián Duque]] (''[[Doscientos pesos]], [[El fin de la infancia]], [[John el Esquizofrénico]]''), [[Guillermo Navarra]] (''[[Escrache]], [[Dreams of a Beldam]], [[The Devil in My Skin]] & [[Gils]]''), screenwriter [[Gonzalo Santander]] and photographer [[Lupita Ordóñez]]. Numerous Anahuense actors have achieved recognition as media stars.


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=== Media ===


=== Religion ===
[[File:El chavo.jpg|100px|thumb|left|Statue of El Morro, the lead character of the [[El Morro|eponymous 1972 sitcom]] starring comedian [[Chespirito]]]]
''Further Information: [[Television of Anáhuac]], [[Newspapers in Anáhuac]]''


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Three major television companies in Anáhuac own the primary networks and broadcast covering all nation, [[Imevisión]], [[TV del Rugido]], and [[Imagen Cinco]]. Imevisión is also one of the largest producers of Spanish-language content in the world and also the world's largest Spanish-language media network.


=== Health ===
Media company [[Grupo Imagen Cinco]] is another national coverage television broadcaster in Anáhuac, that also owns the newspaper [[Reforma]]. The telenovelas are very traditional in Anáhuac and are translated into many languages and seen all over the world with renowned names like [[Pilar Castrillón]], [[Diana Cueva]], and [[Yasmin]].


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=== Cuisine ===
''Main Article: [[Cuisine of Anáhuac]]''


=== Education ===
[[File:001 Tacos de carnitas, carne asada y al pastor.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Tacos from the three common steaks in the Republic. ]]
The genesis of the current Anahuense cuisine was established during the Canter colonial era, with a mixture of the foods of Canteria with native indigenous ingredients. Foods indigenous to Anáhuac include {{wp|Maize|corn}}, {{wp|Capsicum|pepper vegetables}}, {{wp|Calabaza|calabazas}}, {{wp|Avocado|avocados}}, {{wp|Sweet potato|sweet potato}}, {{wp|Turkey as food|turkey}} turkey, many {{wp|Bean|beans}}, and other fruits and spices. Similarly, some cooking techniques used today are inherited from Pre-Canterian peoples, such as the nixtamalization of corn, the cooking of food in ovens at ground level, and grinding in {{wp|Molcajete|molcajete}} and {{wp|Metate|metate}}. With the Canterians came the pork, beef, and chicken meats; peppercorn, sugar, milk and all its derivatives, wheat and rice, citrus fruits, and another constellation of ingredients that are part of the daily diet of the Anahuense.


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From this meeting of millennia-old two culinary traditions, were born {{wp|Pozole|pozole}}, {{wp|Mole (sauce)|mole sauce}}, {{wp|Barbacoa|barbacoa}}, and {{wp|Tamale|tamales}} tamale is in their current forms, the {{wp|Chocolate|chocolate}}, a large range of breads, {{wp|Taco|tacos}}, and the broad repertoire of Anahuense street foods. Beverages such as {{wp|Atole|atole}}, {{wp|Champurrado|champurrado}}, milk chocolate, and {{wp|Agua fresca|aguas frescas}} were born; desserts such as acitrón and the full range of crystallized sweets, rompope, cajeta, jericaya and the wide repertoire of delights created in the convents of nuns in all parts of the country.


=== Music ===
''Main Article: [[Music of Anáhuac]]''
[[File:Fernandez-3-24-13 03.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Recognized mariachi performer Ignacio Obregón]]
Modern-day Anahuense society enjoys a vast array of music genres, showing the diversity of its culture. Traditional music includes {{wp|Mariachi|mariachi}},{{wp|Banda music|banda}}, {{wp|Norteño (music)|norteño}}, {{wp|Ranchera|ranchera}} and {{wp|Corrido|corridos}}; on an everyday basis most Anahuenses listen to contemporary music such as pop, rock, etc. in both English and Spanish. Anáhuac has one of the largest media industries in [[Olivacia]], producing national artists who are famous in the Eastern Hemisphere and a few parts of the Western world, particularly [[Kentalis]]. Elements from the Indigenous peoples of Anáhuac have deeply influenced the music at large, distinguishing it from other parts of the world.


== Culture ==
The {{wp|Bolero|Bolero}}, {{wp|Cha-cha-cha (dance)|Cha-cha-cha}} and {{wp|Mambo (music)|Mambo}} invaded the radio of the 40s and 50s mimicking the idiosyncrasy of the average Anahuense. During the ''[[Reconstrucción]]'', the music sphere saw a new influx of artists and genres coming over to the country. The Vultesian diaspora and the “Idiota” subculture created and gave chance to Vultesian music to be mixed with traditional Anahuense music.
 
=== Painting ===
 
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=== Sculpture ===
=== Sport ===
[[File:Sobrevuelos CDMX IMG 5971 (25513748117).jpg|200px|thumb|left|Xalieca Stadium, San Jorge Xayacatlán]]
[[File:100 años del natalicio del Santo -i---i- (36184746106).jpg|200px|thumb|right|El Santo, one of the most iconic Anahuacan ''luchadores'']]
''Main Article: [[Sports in Anáhuac]]''


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''Further reading: [[Anáhuac National Football Team]], [[Anáhuac Women's National Football Team]]''


=== Architecture ===
Organized sport in Anáhuac largely dates from the late nineteenth century, with only bullfighting having a long history dating to the early colonial era. Once the political turmoil of the early republic was replaced by the stability of the Lenociato did organized sport become public diversions, with structured and ordered play governed by rules and authorities. After the Anahuense Revolution, the government sponsored sports to counter the international image of political turmoil and violence.


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Anahuac's most popular sport is association football. The country has hosted the [[IFA World Cup]] on three separate ocassions: in 1962, 1986 and [[2022 IFA World Cup|2022]].


=== Photography ===
Other sporting activities include {{wp|Bullfighting|bullfighting}}, boxing, and {{wp|Lucha Libre|lucha libre}} (freestyle professional wrestling). Bullfighting (Spanish: corrida de toros) came to Anáhuac 500 years ago with the arrival of the Leogrians. Despite efforts by animal rights activists to outlaw it, bullfighting remains a popular sport in the country, and almost all large cities have bullrings. Freestyle professional wrestling is a major crowd draw with national promotions such as AAA, CMLL and others.


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Anáhuac is an international power in professional boxing, as thirteen Olympic boxing medals have been won by Anáhuac.


=== Literature ===
== See Also ==


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* [[Flag of Anáhuac]]


=== Cinema ===
* [[Saltstil Pact]]


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* [[Politics of Anáhuac]]


=== Media ===
* [[List of political parties of Anáhuac]]


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* [[Anahuaca Federal Forces]]
 
=== Cuisine ===
 
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=== Music ===


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== References ==


=== Sports ===
{{Reflist|30em}}
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[[Category:Incomplete articles]]
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[[Category:Anáhuac]]
[[Category:Anteria]]
[[Category:Anteria]]
[[Category:Countries in Anteria]]
[[Category:Countries in Anteria]]

Latest revision as of 07:23, 31 July 2024

Federal Republic of Anahuac
República Federal de Anáhuac (Spanish)
GR New CoA.png
Coat of arms
'Motto: 'In Unum Progredientes
Progressing in Unity
Anthem: "¡Unidos por Anáhuac!"
Gran Rugido in the World.png
CapitalSan Jorge Xayacatlán
Official languagesSpanish De facto
Recognized languagesSpanish and 32 Olivancian languages
Ethnic groups
24 Olivancian and diverse foreign ethnic groups
Religion
88.9% Christianity

—77.7% Catholic —11.2% Protestant 8.1% Irreligious 0.2% Others

2.5% Unaffiliated (believer)
Demonym(s)Anahuaca/a, Anahuense, Anahuacian
GovernmentFederal presidential constitutional republic
Matías L. Torres
Fernanda Hernández Alanis
• President of the Senate
Odilo Beltrones Leyva
LegislatureCongress
Senate
Chamber of Deputies
Independence from: Canter Empire
• Declaration of Independence
12 October 1808
• Consumated
15 September 1811
• First constitution
12 December 1824
• Second constitution
4 January 1856
• Current constitution
5 May 1917
• End of civil war.
25 September 1970
Area
• Total
1,257,343 km2 (485,463 sq mi)
Population
• 2020 census
112,095,000
• Density
89.1/km2 (230.8/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)2022 estimate
• Total
2.06 trillion
• Per capita
20,266
GDP (nominal)2020 estimate
• Total
$1.200 trillion
• Per capita
10,250
Gini (2016)44.9
medium
HDI (2019)0.790
high
CurrencyAnahuaca peso ([[Wikipedia:ISO 4217|ISO 4217]])
Time zoneUTC+05:00 UTC+06:00
Date formatdd-mm-yyyy
Driving sideright
Calling code+52
Internet TLD.ana

Anáhuac, officially the Federal Republic of Anáhuac (Spanish: República Federal de Anáhuac) is a country in the southern portion of Olivacia. It is bordered by Riojania in the north; to the west by the Sunadic Ocean; and to the east by Zhiguryia and the Kaldaz Ocean. Anáhuac covers 1,257,343 square kilometers (485,462sq mi), with approximately 112,095,000 inhabitants [1]. Anáhuac is organized as a federation comprising 13 states and San Jorge Xayacatlán, its capital and largest metropolis. Other major urban areas include Santa Elisa, Santiago de Lujambio, Hernández de Córdoba, Héroica Ciudad de Mendoza, Ixchel, San Agustín, Gran Rugido and Los Canas.

Human prescence in Anáhuac traces its origins to 8,000 BC [2] and is identified as one of the many cradles of civilization; it was home to many advanced Mesolivacian civilizations, most notably the Tarascans and the Xalieca. In 1521, the Canter Empire conquered and colonized the region, establishing the colony of New Canteria. The Catholic Church played an important role in spreading Christianity and the Spanish language, while also preserving some indigenous elements. Native populations were subjugated and heavily exploited to mine rich deposits of precious metals. Over time, a distinct Anahuense identity formed, based on a fusion of Thuandian and indigenous customs; this contributed to the successful Anahuacan War of Independence. [3]

Anáhuac's early history as an independent nation state was marked by political and socioeconomic upheaval, with liberal and conservative factions constantly changing the form of government. After the introduction of liberal reforms, a civil war between both factions broke out, and prompted Riamo to invade the country and install an kingdom, against the Republican resistance led by liberal Raymundo Vigil, which emerged victorious. The last decades of the 19th century were marked by the dictatorship of President Ángel Lenoci, who sought to modernize Anáhuac and restore order.[4] The Lenociato era ended in 1910 with the seven year-long Anahuense Revolution, which killed approximately 10% of the population and after which the victorious Constitutionalist faction drafted an even more socially-oriented constitution, which remains in effect to this day. The revolutionary generals ruled as a succession of presidents until the assassination of Ignacio L. Dueñas in 1928. In the period of the Era of Civil Wars, tensions between the left and right spectrums over what destiny should the nation take, led to a fourth civil war. [5] Since 1970, there has been a unprecedented economic growth and social progress. [6] [7] [8]

Anáhuac is classified as a developed country [9]; it's economy and relatively large population, global cultural influence, and steady democratization makes Anáhuac a regional and middle power; it is often identified as an emerging power but is considered a newly industrialized state by several analysts. However, the country continues to struggle with social inequality, poverty and a rising crime problematic. It often ranks poorly in Global Peace Index[10], due in a large part to the low-intensity ongoing conflict between the government and drug trafficking syndicates, alongside sporadic guerrilla uprisings. These have led to an approximate 22,000-25,000 deaths since 1988.

Anáhuac is a prominent member of the Saltstil Pact[11], the Universal Peace Enforcement Organizaition, and the Canterian Commonwealth.[12]

Etymology

Anáhuac signifies "country by the waters" in Xalieca language. The name usually refers to the location in which the city of Anáhuac-Jaltenco (modern day San Jorge Xayacatlán) was founded fulfilling the standards of Ometéotl[13], but also extended to the corresponding coastal area. It can be broken down like A(tl) + nahuac. Atl means "water" and nahuac, which is a relational word that can be affixed to a noun, means "close to."

Modern-day Xalieca groups called their lands Xalco (Sand place), given that most of the Xaliecan Empire lands were the hostile sands of the Jilachi Desert. Lands beyond the Xalieca speaking world are commonly known as the nic-anahuac, which meant "Anahuac reached this far", or "those who come from Anahuac came this far". These lands extended as far as to the north, bordering modern day Riojania [14], and Lakes Girón and Atitlán according to historians and anthropologists.

History

Main Article: History of Anahuac

Geography

With 1,257,343 km2 (485,463 sq mi), Anáhuac is located south the equator, between the meridians 75° east and 90° east and the parralels 15° south. It has coastlines with the Sunadic Ocean. Being a exit door to the Kaldaz Ocean, Isla Roca Roja compasses 15,086 km2 of the nation, while mainland Anáhuac is about 1,242,257 km2. Anáhuac is bordered to the north by Savane; to the northwest by Riojania; to the south by Iskamiya, to the east by lakes Girón, Anáhuac and Zhiguryia and with the Sunadic Ocean to the west.

Sand dunes of the Jilachi Desert

The Jilachi Desert divdes most of the center part of the nation, while the Steppes of Laura, Steppes of Fausto, the Valle de la Calma and the Northern Savanna completes the northern and southern parts of the country. San Jorge Xayacatlán was bulit in areas surrounding the Jilachi Desert and cities built in the coastal part of the desert and steppes of the area, have become green ever since.

Climate

Anáhuac has a semi-arid climate. Summers are generally hot, spring and fall temperate, and winters mild, with temperatures rarely below freezing in areas outside the Jilachi Desert. The average high in August is 35 °C (95 °F) and the average low is 23 °C (73 °F). The average January high is 21 °C (70 °F) and the average low in January is 8 °C (46 °F). Rainfall is scarce in winter, but more frequent during May through September.

Anáhuac frequently experiences extreme weather changes; for example, it can sometimes reaches 30 °C (86 °F) in the west in January and February, the coldest months. The most extreme weather changes in summer occur with rainfall in the steppes and savanna, which can reduce temperatures significantly, and the dust of the Jilachi Desert, which can lead to abnormally high temperatures and in some infamous cases, droughts. Seasons are not well defined; the warm season may start in February and may last until September while a brief cold season may start on November and last until January.

Given it's location and precarious climates, Anáhuac is recognized as a country vulnerable to many of the effects of climate change. These include increases in temperature and changes in precipitation. Climate change in these forms threatens food security and agricultural economy. While solutions such as greenhouses and several irrigation systems to farmers have been given, several rural peoples are now leaving their homes and travel to cities and in other cases, to other Olivacian nations. Since March 2019, he government has promoted Hermosa Nación, a development project that aims to reduce the negative effects of climate change – among other things – in the national cities.

Biodiversity

Axolotl (Ambystoma rugidanum) in captivity.

The desert, valleys and the savanna of the nation support a wide range of wildlife. Given the division of the Jilachi Desert, Anáhuac's wildlife varies depending on how far or closest the region is to the desert.

The Savana del Norte and Valle de la Calma are located in the northern part of Anáhuac, bordering Savane. The region consists principally of river valleys and plains located among small mountain ranges. The area is also home to large deposits of iron. It has large areas with grass, huizache, sabinos and poplar trees. There is a shallow wetland area called the Sabin, or Santiaguillo. It provides vital habitat for flocks of migrating birds in winter, especially cranes, geese and ducks. The region also provides habitat for coyotes, rabbits, squirrels, foxes, geese and ducks.

The region known as the Xalco covers the Jilachi Desert, the Steppes of Laura and the Steppes of Fausto. These areas are relatively flat with very rare mountain ranges and a slight incline towards the interior of the country. The vegetation consists of scrub, nopal cactus, maguey plants, barrel cactus and other arid zone plants. It is defined by two rivers: the Huasteca and the Indé. Animals that can be found on these areas include coyotes, gavilanes (sparrowhawks), various snakes, owls, chameleons, tarantulas and scorpions. Economically important natural resources come from mining, including deposits of gold, silver, iron and mercury. There are also large deposits of marble, oil and uranium (although these are untouched). There are eight types of desert vegetation, seven of which are native to the Jilachi Desert and one in the area that transitions to the Steppes of Laura. Most are scrubs or small bushes, which generally do not reach over 4 metres (13 ft) in height, most of the rest are cactus, with some mangroves and other halophile plants. Many plants are rainfall sensitive, with most trees and shrubs growing leaves and flowers just before or during the rainy season, then drop their leaves afterwards. However, there are plants in flower at one time or another throughout the year. Coastal plants receive less water stress due to lower evaporation rates, and substantial moisture from dew.

Most of southern and central Anáhuac suffers from one of the world's highest rates of desertification due to land degradation in arid and semi-arid areas, with the loss of biological and/or economic productivity, but the process is most severe in Senora as neighboring Córdoba or San Jorge. Land degradation occurs because of clearing land for agriculture, the planting of non-native buffelgrass for grazing, the cutting of forests, overgrazing of natural vegetation and soil salinization from irrigation. Anáhuac is also home to the critically endangered Ambystoma rugidanum, to the point that is the national animal. Relief efforts to increase the population of wild axolotls in San Jorge Xayacatlán and the shores of Lake Girón are still active as of 2021.

Waterways

Main Article: Anáhuac Circuit Canal

The Valley of Calm is home of suitable for farming, with irrigation from the Santa Catarina and Topo Chico rivers. Reservoirs for this purpose include the Refugio Saldivar, Sabin and Juan de los Lagos, out of which, only the Sabin and the Juan de Lagos are viable sources of hydroelectric power.

Apart from the Sunadic and Kaldaz oceans, Anáhuac obtains water supplies from two neighboring lakes: Lake Girón and Lake Anáhuac. Both are connected by a series of natural rivers and artificial straits. The straits of Mapími and Grijalva constitute a large contributor to the Anáhuac Circuit Canal, with the area that separates the lakes is currently known as the Isthmus of Petén. Girón, formely an endorheic lake has seen benefits of being connected to the ocean.

Government and Politics

Government

Main article: Federal government of Anáhuac

See also: List of heads of state of Anahuac

President of the Federal Republic of Anáhuac, Matías L. Torres.

The Federal Republic of Anáhuac is a federation whose government is representative, democratic and republican based on a presidential system according to the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Anáhuac. The constitution establishes three levels of government: the federal Union, the state governments and the municipal governments. According to the constitution, all constituent states of the federation must have a republican form of government composed of three branches: the executive, represented by a governor and an appointed cabinet, the legislative branch constituted by a unicameral congress and the judiciary, which will include a state Supreme Court of Justice. They also have their own civil and judicial codes.

Current prime minister of Anáhuac, Fernanda Hernández Alanis

The federal legislature is the bicameral Congress of the Union, composed of the Senate of the Republic and the Chamber of Deputies. The Congress makes federal law, declares war, imposes taxes, approves the national budget and international treaties, and ratifies diplomatic appointments.

The federal Congress, as well as the state legislatures, are elected by a system of parallel voting that includes plurality and proportional representation. The Chamber of Deputies has 500 deputies. Of these, 250 are elected by plurality vote in single-member districts (the federal electoral districts) and the remaining 250 are elected by proportional representation with closed party lists for which the country is divided into five electoral constituencies. The Senate is made up of 128 senators.

The executive is the President of the Federal Republic of Anáhuac, who is the head of state and government, as well as the commander-in-chief of the military forces. The second executive in command is the Prime Minister. The President also appoints the Cabinet and other officers, including the prime minister. The President is responsible for executing and enforcing the law, and has the power to veto bills.

The Halls of Justice, joint offices of the Supreme Court of Justice and the Ministry of Justice.

The highest organ of the judicial branch of government is the Supreme Court of Justice, the national supreme court, which has eleven judges appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. The Supreme Court of Justice interprets laws and judges cases of federal competency. Other institutions of the judiciary are the Federal Electoral Tribunal, collegiate, unitary and district tribunals, and the Council of the Federal Judiciary.

Politics

Main article: Politics in Anáhuac. See also: List of political parties of Anáhuac

Three parties have historically been the dominant parties in Anahuense politics: the Federal Institutional Party (PIF), a catch-all party that was founded in 1925 to unite the centrists that were nearly killed after the Anahuense Revolution; the National Democratic Union (UDN), a conservative party founded in 1919 and which has currently shifted to a less extreme right and held the nation's hegemony until 1954 and Recona , a left-wing party, founded in 2006 as the succesor of the guerrillas from the times of the civil war.

While new parties usually emerge locally, the nation has always contended with two coalitions: the center-right Republican Alliance and the leftist Noble Left Coalition. Both coalitions has always contested the presidency, governorships and municipalities since the early 1980s.

Foreign relations

Main Article: Foreign relations of Anáhuac

Dagoberto Khan, diplomat who proposed the Khan Doctrine

The foreign relations of Anáhuac are directed by the President of Anáhuac and managed by the Ministry of Foreign Relations. The principles of the foreign policy are constitutionally recognized in the Article 89, Section 10, which include: respect for international law and legal equality of states, their sovereignty and independence, trend to non-interventionism in the domestic affairs of other countries, peaceful resolution of conflicts, and promotion of collective security through active participation in international organizations Since the 1970s, the Khan Doctrine has served as a crucial complement to these principles.

Being a prominent member of the Saltstil Pact, Anáhuac is particulally close with nations of the East, such as ally Gavrilia, Vultesia, Wellsenfaille, historical ally Hoterallia, Riamo and neighboring Zhiguryia. While, Anáhuac is an essential supplier in Freice, being where most exports of food and energy usually go, it's influence can hardly be felt. Outside the Eastern hemisphere, Anáhuac maintains contact and relations to a few selected countries, such as Kentalis. In recent years, the country has decided to expand its relations to the West, begining talks with important countries and countries that might be beneficial to Anáhuac.

Currently, it is dispued whether Anáhuac should be considered a regional power within Olivacia, alongside Hoterallia.

Military

Main Article: Anahuaca Federal Forces See also: Military history of Anáhuac

The Anahuacan military "provides a unique example of a military leadership's transforming itself into a civilian political elite, simultaneously transferring the basis of power from the army to a civilian state." A reformation was brought about by revolutionary generals in the 1930s and 1980s, following the demise of the Federal Army following its complete defeat during the decade-long Anahuense Revolution and the Anahuense Civil War.

Female memebers of the Federal Forces marching on September 19, 2016. Note the ARX-5 Xiuhcoatl.

The Anahuacan Federal Armed Forces is divided in two branches: the Anahuaca Federal Army (which includes the Anahuacan Air Force), and the Armada de Anahuac. Anáhuac, thorught most of its military history has been supplied by nations such as Riamo, Vultesia and Hoterallia. Nowadays, the Army has been steadily modernising to become competitive with the armies of other Olivacian countries and have also taken certain steps to decrease spending and dependency on foreign equipment in order to become more autonomous such as the domestic production of the ARX-05 Xiuhocatl rifle designed in Anáhuac and the commitment to researching, designing and manufacturing domestic military systems such as military electronics and body armor. The Anahuaca Armed Forces have maintained significant infrastructure, including facilities for design, research, and testing of weapons, vehicles, aircraft, naval vessels, defense systems and electronics; military industry manufacturing centers for building such systems, and advanced naval dockyards that build heavy military vessels and advanced missile technologies.

Historically, Anáhuc has remained neutral in international conflicts. However, in recent years some political parties have proposed an amendment of the Constitution to allow the Army, Air Force or Navy to collaborate in peacekeeping missions, or to provide military help to countries that officially ask for it.

Even as a member of the Saltstil Pact, Anáhuac's society has doubted the need of military action, citing the remoteness of regular threats in the East and domestic issues. After the 2021 Anahuaca uprising, new reforms to increase the spending of Anáhuac to the level of similar nations in the Pact have been recieved with reluctance but with approval at the end. The proposals finally came to a realitzation after Proposal 4530, which removed the limits of army and navy needings.

Law Enforcement

Public security is enacted at the three levels of government, each of which has different prerogatives and responsibilities. Local and state police departments are primarily in charge of law enforcement, whereas the Federal Police of Anáhuac is in charge of specialized duties. All levels report to the Ministerio de Seguridad Pública (Ministry of Public Security). The General Attorney's Office (Fiscalía General de la Federación FGF) is a constitutional autonomous organism in charge of investigating and prosecuting crimes at the federal level, mainly those related to drug and arms trafficking, espionage, and bank robberies. The FGF operates the Ministerial Police (Policia Ministerial, PM) an investigative and preventive agency.

Political Divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of Anáhuac

The Federal Republic of Anáhuac are a federation of 13 free and sovereign states, which form a union that exercises juridisction over San Jorge Xayacatlán.

Each state has its own constitution, congress, and a judiciary, and its citizens elect by direct voting a governor for a four-year term with the chance of reelection and representatives to their unicameral state congresses for two-year terms.

San Jorge is a special political division that belongs to the federation as a whole and not to a particular state. Known as the Federal District, its autonomy was limited relative to that of the states. It is expected to drop this designation in early 2022 and is in the process of achieving greater political autonomy by becoming a federal entity with its own constitution and congress.

The states are divided into municipalities, the smallest administrative political entity in the country, governed by a mayor or municipal president (presidente municipal), elected by its residents by plurality.

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Economy

Main article: Economy of Anáhuac

See also: Economic history of Anáhuac

Headquarters of the Anahuense Stock Exchange building

As of 2020, agriculture has comprised 4% of the economy over the last two decades, while industry contributes 33% (mostly automotive, oil, and electronics) and services (notably financial services and tourism) contribute 63%. Currently, Anáhuac's GDP by Purchasing party parity is of $2.89 trillion ACU and $1,2 trillion on a nominal GDP. GDP annual average growth was 2.9% in 2017 and 2% in 2018. Anáhuac's GDP in PPP per capita was ACU $20,266. Many anaylists consider that the country is now firmly established as an 'upper middle-income country'. After a brief slowdown of 2002, the country has recovered and has grown 4.2, 3.0 and 4.8 percent in 2004, 2005 and 2006, even though it is considered to be well below Anáhuac's potential growth. It is expected that by 2050, Anáhuac could potentially become a powerhouse economy in Olivacia, and probably a Top 10 in Anteria.

Anáhuac has one of the highest degree of economic disparity between the extremely poor and extremely rich, although it has been falling over the last decade, being one of few countries in which this is the case. The bottom ten percent in the income hierarchy disposes of 1.36% of the country's resources, whereas the upper ten percent dispose of almost 36%. Daily minimum wages are set annually being set at $204.43 Anahuaca peso (ACU $10.00) in 2019. All of the indices of social development for the indigenous population are considerably lower than the national average, which is motive of concern for the government. According to the AOECD's own poverty line, at least 14% of Anáhuac's population lives in a situation of poverty.

The electronics industry of Anáhuac has grown enormously within the last decade. The national electronics industry is dominated by the manufacture and OEM design of televisions, displays, computers, mobile phones, circuit boards, semiconductors, electronic appliances, communications equipment and LCD modules. The Anahuense electronics industry grew 13% between 2010 and 2011, up from its constant growth rate of 7% between 2003 and 2009. Currently electronics represent 6-10% of Anáhuac's exports depending on the sources.


Communications

See also: Telecommunications in Anáhuac

The telecommunications industry is mostly dominated by Telefónica de Anáhuac, privatized in 1990 . Other players in the domestic industry are AnaCom, Telefonía General and Infintel. 82% of Anahuacans over the age of 14 own a mobile phone. Mobile telephony has the advantage of reaching all areas at a lower cost, and the total number of mobile lines is almost two times that of landlines, with an estimation of 53 million lines. The telecommunication industry is regulated by the government through the Comisión Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (Common: National Telecommunications Commission)

Telefónica de Anáhuac Tower, San Jorge Xayacaltán

The Anahuense satellite system is domestic and operates 120 earth stations. There is also extensive microwave radio relay network and considerable use of fiber-optic and coaxial cable. Satellites are operated by Satélites de Anáhuac and Servicios Satelitales Huasteca, a private company. Both offer broadcast, telephone and telecommunication services to all of Anáhuac. Through business partnerships both comapnies have agreed to provided high-speed connectivity to ISPs and Digital Broadcast Services. Satélites de Anáhuac and Servicios Satelitales Huasteca maintain their own satellite fleet with most of the fleet being designed and built in the nation and using San Calia as a launch base.

Major players in the broadcasting industry are Imevisión, one of the largest media company in the Spanish-speaking world, Televisión de Anáhuac and Imagen 5.

Energy

See also: Electric sector in Anáhuac

Energy production in Anáhuac is managed jointly by the state-owned companies National Commission of Electricityy and Petróleos de Anáhuac.

Petróleos de Anáhuac, the public company in charge of exploration, extraction, transportation and marketing of crude oil and natural gas, as well as the refining and distribution of petroleum products and petrochemicals, making ACU$43 billion in sales a year. Gran Rugido is the sixth-largest oil producer in the world, with 2.7 million barrels per day. In 1980 oil exports accounted for 61.6% of total exports; by 2000 it was only 7.3%.

The largest hydro plant in Anáhuac is the 2,400 MW Alexia Villarreal in Chicoasén, Senora, in the Topo Chico river.

Anáhuac is the country with the third largest solar potential in Olivacia. The country's gross solar potential is estimated at 5kWh/m2 daily, which corresponds to 50 times national electricity generation. Currently, there is over 1,8 million square meters of solar thermal panels installed, while in 2005, there were 115,000 square meters of solar PV (photo-voltaic). It is expected that in 2032 there will be 2,4 million square meters of installed solar thermal panels. The project named SEGH-CFE 1, located in the outskirts of Aztlán, Senora, in the east of Anáhuac, will have capacity of 46.8 MW from an array of 187,200 solar panels when complete in 2021. All of the electricity will be sold directly to the CNE and absorbed into the utility's transmission system for distribution throughout their existing network. Anáhuac is also currently experimenting with the bright sides of nuclear energy with the project of the Alto Lucero Nuclear Power Plant in Santa Lucía, Tectetánm with plans for more nuclear power plants on the later future.

Science and technology

Main article: History of science and technology in Anáhuac

The National Autonomous University of Anahuac was officially established in 1834, and the university became one of the most important institutes of higher learning in Anáhuac. UNAA provides world class education in science, medicine, and engineering.Many scientific institutes and new institutes of higher learning, such as the Federal Polytechnic Institute (founded in 1916), were established during the first half of the 20th century. Most of the new research institutes were created within the UNAA. Twelve institutes were integrated into the UNAA from 1929 to 1973. In 1959, the Academy of Sciences was created to coordinate scientific efforts between academics.

In recent years, the largest scientific project being developed in Anáhuac was the construction of the Large Millimeter Telescope, one of the most sensitive single-aperture telescope in its frequency range. It was designed to observe regions of space obscured by stellar dust. Anáhuac was ranked 55th in the Global Innovation Index in 2020, up from 56th in 2019.

Tourism

Main article: Tourism in Anáhuac

As of 2017, Anáhuac was the 10th most visited country in the world and had the 25th highest income from tourism in the world. The vast majority of tourists come to Anáhuac from fellow Olivacian and Astariaxian nations, followed by the Thismarian and Thuandian continents. In the 2017 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report, Anáhuac was ranked 23rd in the world, which was 2nd in Olivacia.

The coastlines of Anáhuac harbor many stretches of beaches that are frequented by sunbathers and other visitors. According to national law, the entirety of the coastlines are under federal ownership, that is, all beaches in the country are public. On the Girón coastline, one of the most popular beach destinations is the resort capital of Ixchel, especially among university students during spring break. Just offshore, in the Kaldaz Ocean, is the beach island of Isla Roca Roja. Ixchel is the center of the coastal strip called Riviera Tarascana which includes the beach town of Puerto Progreso and the ecological parks of Tekit and Tecoh. A day trip to the south of Puerto Progreso is the historic port of Hoctún. In addition to its beaches, the town of Hoctún is notable for its cliff-side Tarascan ruins.

On the Sunadic coast is the notable tourist destination of Tecapan. Once the destination for the rich and famous, the beaches have become crowded and the shores are now home to many multi-story hotels and vendors. Tecapan has a close competition with the beach city of San Jorge Xayacatlán on being the top visited site on the Sunadic coastline. While Tecapan has demonstrated modest progress in the touristic approach of universal classes, San Jorge has shown rapid expansion and new destinations to former Xalieca ruins in the interstate border of Lujambio, Senora and Xayacatlan.

In Isla Roca Roja, there is the resort town of Sonido de Tortuga, a town noted for its beaches and abundant turtle eggs. Further north, is the historical city of Los Canas, another beach town known for housing the Provisional Government during the civil war and numerous artificial wrecks made out of several aircraft that now homes several axolotls. Santa Elisa is the main city to visit in the Anepalco, a bay surrounding the northern tip of Anáhuac, the eastern part of Zaragoza and a portion of southeastern Savane.

Transportation

Main article: Transportation in Anáhuac

A FNA train arriving at Estación Dardanelos in Santa Elisa

The roadway network in Anáhuac is extensive and all areas in the country are covered by it. The roadway network in Anáhuac has an extent of 336,095 km (208,839 mi), of which 106,802 km (66,363 mi) are paved. Of these, 10,474 km (6,508 mi) are multi-lane expressways: 9,544 km (5,930 mi) are four-lane highways and the rest have 6 or more lanes.

Starting in the late nineteenth century, Anáhuac was one of the first Olivacian countries to promote railway development, and the network covers 28,952 km (17,989 mi). Ferrocarriles Nacionales de Anáhuac (FNA) serves as the state-owned company in charge of railway transportation across the country. Currently, FNR has proposed an in a high-speed rail link that will transport its passengers to essential cities of industrial, touristic and logistical interest. The train will depart from San Jorge to Santa Elisa, passing through Izalco, Aztlán, Ixchel, Puerto Progreso and Santa Fe. The project is expected to cost around $25 billion ACU and is being paid for jointly by the Mexican government and the local private sector. The governments of the states of Vizcaya and Pesquería are also funding the construction of a joint line connecting San Agustín to the port of Urbaneja and resuming in the port of Caño to end in Puerto Peñasco

Anáhuac has 213 airports with paved runways; of these, 35 carry 97% of the passenger traffic. The San Jorge Xayacatlán International Airport transports 35 million passengers a year.

Water supply and sanitation

Among the achievements is a significant increase in access to piped water supply in urban areas (96.4%) as well as in rural areas (69.4%) as of 2018. Other achievements include the existence of a functioning national system to finance water and sanitation infrastructure with a National Water Commission as its apex institution. The recent 2021 Anahuacan drought has exposed a new need for water and fears of scarcity have become an issue in essential parts of the Jilachi Desert. The solution for the government has required a extensive and consistent fluency of cloud seeding alongside relief from Vultesian engieneers.

Challenges that the CNA faces include water scarcity in the southern and central parts of the country; inadequate water service quality (drinking water quality; 11% of Anahuense receiving water only intermittently as of 2014); poor technical and commercial efficiency of most utilities (with an average level of non-revenue water of 43.2% in 2010); increasing the national percentage of fully sanitized water which at 57%, is considered to not be enough, as the country's theoretically available percentage of water per capita is 60% lower than it was 60 years ago; and the improvement of adequate access in rural areas. In addition to on-going investments to expand access, the government has embarked on a large investment program to improve wastewater treatment.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Anáhuac

Throughout the 19th century, the population of Anáhuac had barely doubled. This trend continued during the first two decades of the 20th century, and even in the 1921 census there was a loss of about 1 million inhabitants. The phenomenon can be explained because during the decade from 1910 to 1921 the Anahuense Revolution took place. The growth rate increased heavily between the 1930s and the 1980s, when the country registered growth rates of over 3% (1950–1980). The Anahuense population doubled in twenty years, and at that rate it was expected that by 2020 there would be 112 million Anahuenses. Life expectancy went from 31 years (in 1895) to 74 years (in the year 2000). According to estimations made by Anáhuac's National Geography and Statistics Ministry, as of March 2022, Gran Rugido has 52.3 million inhabitants. However, new reports suggest a stagnation of population due to the recent political climate.

Colonial casta painting of a Canter with an indigenous woman and a mestizo child.

Even though Anáhuac is a very ethnically diverse country, research about ethnicity has largely been a forgotten field, in consequence of the post-revolutionary efforts of Anáhuac's government to unify all non-indigenous Anahuenses under a single ethnic identity (that of the "Mestizos"). As a result, since 1930 the only explicit ethnic classification that has been included in modern censuses has been that of "Indigenous peoples". Even then, across the years the government has used different criteria to count Indigenous peoples, with each of them returning considerably different numbers ranging from 6.1% to 23% of the country's population.

It is not until very recently that the government began conducting surveys that consider other ethnic groups that live in the country such as Thuandian-Anahuenses who amount to .5% of the population or White Anahuenses who amount to 47% of Mexico's population (with the criteria being based on appearance rather than on self-declared ancestry). Less numerous groups in Anahuenses such as Astariaxians and Meredonians are also accounted for, with numbers of around <0.5-2% each.

As of 2017, it is estimated that 1.1 million foreigners have settled in the country. Many migrants come from Gavrilia (60,000), making Anáhuac one of the top destination for Gavrilian citizens abroad. The second largest group comes from neighboring ally Hoterallia (54,500), followed by Riamo (27,600). Other major sources of migration are fellow Eastern nations, which include Vultesia (20,600), Zhiguryia (19,200) and Freice (1,100). Historically, Hoterallian and Gavrilian diasporas and Vultesian-born worker migration have left a notorious impact in the country's culture, particularly in its cuisine and traditional music.

At the turn of the 21st century, several trends have increased the number of foreigners residing in the country such as the automotive industry boom led by Hoterallian and Zhiguryian investment.

Ethnicity and race

Regardless of ethnicity, most Anahuenses are united under the same national identity. This is the product of an ideology strongly promoted by Anahuense academics such as Ramón Sucre and Miguel Ángel known as mestizaje, whose goal was that of Anáhuac becoming a racially and culturally homogeneous country. The ideology's influence was reflected in the national censuses of 1921 and 1930: in the former, which was Gran Rugido’s first-ever national census that considered race, approximately 60% of Gran Rugido's population identified as Mestizos, and in the latter, the government declared that all Anahuenses were now Mestizos, for which racial classifications would be dropped in favor of language-based ones in future censuses.

In recent times, historians and academics have claimed that said results are not accurate, as in its efforts to homogenize the nation, the government inflated the Mestizo label's percentage by classifying a good number of people as such regardless of whether they were of actual mixed ancestry or not, pointing out that an alteration so drastic of population trends compared to earlier censuses is not possible and that the frequency of marriages between people of different ancestries in colonial and early independent Anáhuac was low. It is also observed that when asked directly about their ethno-racial identification, many Anahuenses nowadays do not identify as Mestizos, would not agree to be labeled as such, and that "static" ethnoracial labels such as "White" or "Indian" are far more prominent in contemporary society than the "Mestizo" one is, whose use is mostly limited to intellectual circles, a result of the label's constantly changing and subjective definition.

The total percentage of Anáhuac's indigenous peoples tends to vary depending on the criteria used by the government in its censuses: if the ability to speak an indigenous language is used as the criterion to define a person as indigenous, it is 6.1%, if racial self-identification is used, it is 14.9% and if people who consider themselves part indigenous are also included, it amounts to 23%. Nonetheless, all the censuses conclude that the majority of Anáhuac's indigenous population is concentrated in rural or remote areas of the center and eastern with the highest percentages being found in Tectetán (59% of the population), Senora (48%), Xayacatlán (39%), Huasteca (28%), and Lujambio (27%).

Languages

Spanish is the de facto national language spoken by most of the population, making Anáhuac one of the world's most populous Hispanophone country. Anahuense Spanish refers to the varieties of the language spoken in the country, which differ from one region to another in sound, structure, and vocabulary. In general, Anahuense Spanish does not make any phonetic distinction among the letters s and z, as well as c when preceding the vowels e and i, as opposed to Canterian. The letters b and v have the same pronunciation as well. Furthermore, the usage of vos, the second person singular pronoun, found in several varieties, is replaced by ; whereas vosotros, the second person plural pronoun, fell out of use and was effectively replaced by ustedes. In written form, the Canter Academy serves as the primary guideline for spelling, except for words of Olivandian origin that retain their original phonology such as cenzontle instead of sinzontle. Words of foreign origin also maintain their original spelling such as "whisky" and "film", as opposed to güisqui and filme. The letter x is distinctly used in Anahuense Spanish, where it may be pronounced as [ks] (as in oxígeno or taxi); as [ʃ], particularly in Olivandian words (e.g., mixiote, Xola and uxmal); and as the voiceless velar fricative [x].

The federal government officially recognizes thirty-two linguistic groups and 182 varieties of indigenous languages. It is estimated that around 8.3 million citizens speak these languages, with Xalieca being the most widely spoken by more than 1.7 million, followed by Tarascan used daily by nearly 850,000 people. Tzeltal and Tzotzil, two other Tarascan languages, are spoken by around half a million people each, primarily in the southern west part of Tectetán. Teonul and Nigixio, with an estimated 500,000 native speakers each, are two other prominent language groups.

Aside from indigenous languages, there are several minority languages spoken in Anáhuac due to international migration such as Vultesian by the Idjota minority that settled in Anáhuac thought the nineteen-eighties. English is the most taught foreign language in Anáhuac. It is estimated that nearly 10.4 million, or around a fifth of the population, study the language through public schools, private institutions, or self-access channels. However, a high level of English proficiency is limited to only 5% of the population. Moreover, Hoterallian is the second most widely taught foreign language, as every year between 100,000 and 70,000 Anahuense students enroll in language courses, while Freician is the third most taught language in Anáhuac.

Urban areas

Health

Main Article: Health in Anáhuac

General Hospital of San Jorge

During the Reconstrucción and ever since, Anahuac has entered a transitional stage of health of its population and some indicators such as mortality patterns are identical to those found in highly developed. Anáhuac's medical infrastructure is highly rated for the most part and is usually excellent in major cities, but rural and remote communities still lack equipment for advanced medical procedures, forcing patients in those locations to travel to the closest urban areas to get specialized medical care. Programs such as the Doctor Vagón or the Salud Digna have managed to temporarily brough the urban infrastructure to these rural and remote communities.

State-funded institutions such as Anahuense Social Security Institute (IRSS) and the Anahuense Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers (IRSSSTE) play a major role in health and social security. Private health services are also very important and account for 13% of all medical units in the country. Medical training is done mostly at public universities with many specializations done in vocational or internship settings.

As part of the undeclared Anahuense War on Drugs, the government’s Nuevo Enfoque, focused on making drug-related healthcare a basic right to every citizen in the country. Anáhuac’s rehabilitation and reinsertion program (Rompiendo Bien) have been praised due to high successes at large and help to former addicts to make a honest life without returning to crime or drug usage.

Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Anahuac

Education

Main Article: Education in Anáhuac

In 2004, the literacy rate was at 97% for youth under the age of 14, and 91% for people over 15. Nowadays, Anáhuac's literacy rate is high, at 94.86% in 2018, up from 82.99% in 1980, with the literacy rates of males and females being relatively equal.

The National Autonomous University of Anahuac ranks 93rd in the QS World University Rankings, making it the best university in Gran Rugido. After it comes the Santa Elisa Institute of Technology and Higher Education as the best private school in Anáhuac and 138th worldwide in 2019.

Culture

Main Article: Culture of Anáhuac

Anahuense culture reflects the complexity of the country's history through the blending of indigenous cultures and the culture of mainland Canteria, imparted during the nearly 300-year colonial rule of Anáhuac. Exogenous cultural elements have been incorporated into Anahuense culture as time has passed.

Textile design of wild flowers seen in a market in Zoquipan, Xayacatlán

The Lenociato era, in the last quarter of the XIX century and the first decade of the XX Century, was marked by economic progress and relative peace. After nearly sixty years of civil unrest, political instability and a sense of death, Anáhuac saw a redevelopment of philosophy and the arts, promoted by the administration following the Anahuacan Revolution and the Civil War respectively.

Since those times, cultural identity has had its foundation in the mestizaje, of which the indigenous (i.e., Olivandian) element is the core. Considering the various ethnicities that formed the Anahuense people, Miguel Ángel in his book, La Unificación de la Raza Anahuense (The Unification of the Anahuense Race) (1925) defined Anáhuac to be the melting pot of all races (thus extending the definition of the mestizo) not only biologically but culturally as well. Other Anahuacan intellectuals grappled with the idea of Lo Anahuense, which seeks "to discover the national ethos of Anahuense culture.

Painting

Palace of Fine Arts in San Jorge Xayacatlán

Main article: Art of Anáhuac

Painting has been the oldest art and method of expression in Anáhuac. Cave paintings in Anahuense territory is about 7500 – 7000 years old and has been found in the Steppes of Laura or in the Valle de la Calma. Pre-Canterian Anáhuac is present in buildings and caves, in Xalieca codices, in ceramics, in garments, etc.; examples of this are the Tarascan mural paintings of Xlapak, or those of Chalco and Itzatlán.

Maya Nieto in 1932

Mural painting with religious themes had an important blossoming during the 16th century. Most art in the colonial era was religious but starting in the late seventeenth century and most prominently in the eighteenth century, secular portraits and casta painting appeared. Important painters of the late colonial period were Miguel Santos, Francisco Madrigal and Severiano Cabrera. Nineteenth-century painting had a marked romantic influence; landscapes and portraits were the greatest expressions of this era. Eugenio Robles Parda is one of the most appreciated painters of the historiography of Anahuense art. Other painters include Andrés Parra, Esteban Gutierrez, Porfirio Reyna and landscape artist, Juan Carlos Obleda.

Anahuense painting of the 20th century has achieved world renown with figures such as Pepe Toño Siqueiros, Alfredo Orozco Ruiz, David Klauser, Maya Nieto and Donato Renteria, a generation of idealists who marked the image of modern Anáhuac in the face of strong social and economic criticism. The Zaragoza School of Arts quickly gained fame and prestige, diffusion of ancestral and modern culture. Freedom of design is observed in relation to the color and texture of the canvases and murals as a period of transition between the 20th century and the 21st century. Flavio Cantú Guerrero and Reinaldo Trujillo are also important artists. Some of Renteria’s murals are displayed at the National Palace and the Palace of Fine Arts.

Architecture

Main Article: Architecture of Anáhuac

While it’s a mystery why cultures such as the Xalieca or the Tarascan decided to settle in Anahuense territory, it has left important archaeological findings of great importance for the explanation of the habitat of primitive man and contemporary man. The Mesolivacian civilizations managed to have great stylistic development and proportion on the human and urban scale, the form was evolving from simplicity to aesthetic complexity; in the north of the country the adobe and stone architecture is manifested, the multifamily housing as we can see in Tzintzuntzan. Urbanism had a great development in Pre-Canterian cultures, where we can see the magnitude of the cities of Chalco and Anáhuac-Jaltenco, within the environmentalist urbanism highlight the Tarascan cities to be incorporated into the monumentality of its buildings with the thickness of the savannah and complex networks of roads called sakbés.

Canter Colonial architecture is marked by the contrast between the simple, solid construction demanded by the new environment and the Baroque ornamentation. Due to the process of evangelization, when the first monastic temples and monasteries were built, their own models were projected, such as the medicant monasteries, unique in their type in architecture. The interaction between Canterians and natives gave rise to artistic styles such as the so-called tequitqui (from Xalieca: worker). Years later the baroque and mannerism were imposed in large cathedrals and civil buildings, while rural areas are built haciendas or stately farms.

Castle of Quetzaltepeque, San Jorge Xayacatlán

In the 19th century, the neoclassical movement arose as a response to the objectives of the republican nation, one of its examples are the Hospicio Benavides where the strict plastic of the classical orders is represented in their architectural elements, new religious buildings also arise, civilian and military that demonstrate the presence of neoclassicism. The art nouveau, and the art deco were styles introduced into the design of the Palacio de Bellas Artes to mark the identity of the Anahuense with Thismarian, Thuandian and Pre-Canterian symbols.

The development of a Anahuense modernist architecture was perhaps mostly fully manifested in the mid-1950s construction of the Ciudad Universitaria, the main campus of the National Autonomous University of Anahuac. Designed by the most prestigious architects of the era, including Emmanuel Saenz and Enrique Ferreira, the buildings feature murals by artists Donato Renteria, Alfredo Orozco Ruiz, and Maya Nieto.

Anahuense architecture is a cultural phenomenon born of the ideology of nationalist governments of the XXth century, which was shaping the identity image by its colorful and variegated ornamental elements inherited from ancestral cultures, classical and monumental forms and, subsequently, the incorporation of modernism and cutting-edge international trends.

Literature

Main Article: Literature of Anáhuac

Catalina Raquel de San Marino in a painting in 1772
Miguel Ángel Martínez in 2003

Anahuense literature has its antecedents in Mesolivacia. Poetry had a rich cultural tradition in Pre-Canterian Anáhuac, being divided into two broad categories –popular and religious. Xalieca poetry was often sung, chanted, or spoken with the accompaniment of a drum or a harp. While Jaltenco was the political capital, Acolman was the cultural center; the Xalieca language variation in Acolman was considered the most melodious and refined.

Literature in colonial times were mostly dominated by Canterian conquests, and most writers came from the Canter mainland. True Anahuense-born writers would arise throught the XVII – XVIII century with figures such as Juan Francisco de Zaragoza attaining renown over his piece La Grandeza en Xalco (Grandeur in Xalco). Influential writers and poets such as Catalina Raquel de San Marino and Javier Torres de Mante would write and produce works that are still read in Anáhuac. The XVIII and early XIX centuries gave us Diego Escobar de Farenzia, whose novel Las Montañas en Thuandia, is considered the truly first Anahuense novel.

Other prominent writers include Jean Mario Nuñez, Salvador Carreiro, Edgar Bolaños, Miguel Ángel Martínez, César Labrador, Alonso Caballero, Valentina García, Ainoa Lujambio (Los funerales de Anastasio Müller), Abraham Azucena and Enzo Alférez. Miguel Ángel Martínez is often credited as being the father of magic realism in Olivacian literature. His notable works such as Fourteen Years of Loneliness, How Not to Drown and Emptiness have inspired authors such as José Manuel Teixidó and Fátima Carranza.

Cinema

Main Article: Cinema of Anáhuac

Actress María Ilen

Alongside Hoterallian films, Anahuense films from the Golden Age in the 1940s and 1950s are the greatest examples of Olivacian cinema, with a huge industry comparable to the mainstream Western industry of those years. Several Anahuense films were exported and exhibited in all Olivacia, Astariax, Meredonne and Thuandia. Famous actors and actresses from this period include María Ilen, César Val, Teresa Halconero, Eloy Cueva, and the comedian Cantinflas.

After the civil war, cinema went through a Renaissance with films such as Alas Doradas (1989), Destino (1992), Sexo monótono (1999), Agua de Lluvia (2001) and Todos aman el atardecer (2002) have been successful in creating universal stories about contemporary subjects and were internationally recognized. Anahuense directors such as Jorge Serrano (El Rugir del Paraíso, La Mano Peluda), Julián Duque (Doscientos pesos, El fin de la infancia, John el Esquizofrénico), Guillermo Navarra (Escrache, Dreams of a Beldam, The Devil in My Skin & Gils), screenwriter Gonzalo Santander and photographer Lupita Ordóñez. Numerous Anahuense actors have achieved recognition as media stars.

Media

Statue of El Morro, the lead character of the eponymous 1972 sitcom starring comedian Chespirito

Further Information: Television of Anáhuac, Newspapers in Anáhuac

Three major television companies in Anáhuac own the primary networks and broadcast covering all nation, Imevisión, TV del Rugido, and Imagen Cinco. Imevisión is also one of the largest producers of Spanish-language content in the world and also the world's largest Spanish-language media network.

Media company Grupo Imagen Cinco is another national coverage television broadcaster in Anáhuac, that also owns the newspaper Reforma. The telenovelas are very traditional in Anáhuac and are translated into many languages and seen all over the world with renowned names like Pilar Castrillón, Diana Cueva, and Yasmin.

Cuisine

Main Article: Cuisine of Anáhuac

Tacos from the three common steaks in the Republic.

The genesis of the current Anahuense cuisine was established during the Canter colonial era, with a mixture of the foods of Canteria with native indigenous ingredients. Foods indigenous to Anáhuac include corn, pepper vegetables, calabazas, avocados, sweet potato, turkey turkey, many beans, and other fruits and spices. Similarly, some cooking techniques used today are inherited from Pre-Canterian peoples, such as the nixtamalization of corn, the cooking of food in ovens at ground level, and grinding in molcajete and metate. With the Canterians came the pork, beef, and chicken meats; peppercorn, sugar, milk and all its derivatives, wheat and rice, citrus fruits, and another constellation of ingredients that are part of the daily diet of the Anahuense.

From this meeting of millennia-old two culinary traditions, were born pozole, mole sauce, barbacoa, and tamales tamale is in their current forms, the chocolate, a large range of breads, tacos, and the broad repertoire of Anahuense street foods. Beverages such as atole, champurrado, milk chocolate, and aguas frescas were born; desserts such as acitrón and the full range of crystallized sweets, rompope, cajeta, jericaya and the wide repertoire of delights created in the convents of nuns in all parts of the country.

Music

Main Article: Music of Anáhuac

Recognized mariachi performer Ignacio Obregón

Modern-day Anahuense society enjoys a vast array of music genres, showing the diversity of its culture. Traditional music includes mariachi,banda, norteño, ranchera and corridos; on an everyday basis most Anahuenses listen to contemporary music such as pop, rock, etc. in both English and Spanish. Anáhuac has one of the largest media industries in Olivacia, producing national artists who are famous in the Eastern Hemisphere and a few parts of the Western world, particularly Kentalis. Elements from the Indigenous peoples of Anáhuac have deeply influenced the music at large, distinguishing it from other parts of the world.

The Bolero, Cha-cha-cha and Mambo invaded the radio of the 40s and 50s mimicking the idiosyncrasy of the average Anahuense. During the Reconstrucción, the music sphere saw a new influx of artists and genres coming over to the country. The Vultesian diaspora and the “Idiota” subculture created and gave chance to Vultesian music to be mixed with traditional Anahuense music.

Sport

Xalieca Stadium, San Jorge Xayacatlán
El Santo, one of the most iconic Anahuacan luchadores

Main Article: Sports in Anáhuac

Further reading: Anáhuac National Football Team, Anáhuac Women's National Football Team

Organized sport in Anáhuac largely dates from the late nineteenth century, with only bullfighting having a long history dating to the early colonial era. Once the political turmoil of the early republic was replaced by the stability of the Lenociato did organized sport become public diversions, with structured and ordered play governed by rules and authorities. After the Anahuense Revolution, the government sponsored sports to counter the international image of political turmoil and violence.

Anahuac's most popular sport is association football. The country has hosted the IFA World Cup on three separate ocassions: in 1962, 1986 and 2022.

Other sporting activities include bullfighting, boxing, and lucha libre (freestyle professional wrestling). Bullfighting (Spanish: corrida de toros) came to Anáhuac 500 years ago with the arrival of the Leogrians. Despite efforts by animal rights activists to outlaw it, bullfighting remains a popular sport in the country, and almost all large cities have bullrings. Freestyle professional wrestling is a major crowd draw with national promotions such as AAA, CMLL and others.

Anáhuac is an international power in professional boxing, as thirteen Olympic boxing medals have been won by Anáhuac.

See Also

References

  1. MINEGI. Ministerio Nacional de Estadistica y Geografía- www.inegi.org.an. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  2. Trejo, A. (1988). Historia de las civilizaciones antiguas en Olivacia Ministerio Nacional de Antropología e Historia .
  3. The Context of the Anahuense War of Independence.The History of Anáhuac (23rd ed.). Guri: University of Guri Press. pp. 115-230.
  4. The Lenociato.The History of Anáhuac (23rd ed.). Guri: University of Guri Press. pp. 504-711.
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  11. Anáhuac is welcomed in the Saltstil Pact. Saltstil Web Portal. Consulted on January 1st, 2022
  12. El Senado debate la membresía de Anáhuac en la Organización Universal para el Cumplimiento de la Paz. Periodico La Reforma. Issued on 2020
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  14. "Ministerio Nacional de Arquelogía e Historia. (1997). Historia de la región de Anáhuac actual para los jovenes (Tercera Edición.).