History of Angland

The history of Angland dates to contact the pre-Remillian peoples of the Aurean coast of the Battanian Peninsula made with the Remillians and Carcedonians and the first writing systems known as Paleoanglican scripts were developed. During Classical Antiquity, the peninsula was the site of multiple successive colonizations of Remillians, Anglo-Herulians and Wittekings. Native peoples of the peninsula, such as the Robergiais people, intermingled with the colonizers to create a uniquely Anglican culture. The Remillians referred to the entire Peninsula as Angligaullica, from where the modern name of Angland originates.

Prehistory

Stone Age Anglica

Newbury Hill, one of Parthenia's largest artifical mounds.

Angland contains evidence of being the first in the western hemisphere to have been inhabited by humans, with the first traces of human life dating back to around 600,000 years ago, during the Great Hominid Migration. Continuous human habitation in Angland dates to around 13,000 years ago (see Wensley Man), at the end of the Last Glacial Period. This is commonly known by historians as the Old Stone Age, or Paleolithic Era. Evidence suggest what was to become Angland was colonised by humans long before the rest of the Battanian Peninsula due to it's hospitable climate and lack of apex predators. Evidence from caves suggest, however, that early humans in Angland had common contact with cave bears as damage to human and bear skeletons imply it was a commonality.

Chesterton Caverns, the location of stone age findings.

By 6500 BC, as in the rest of the world, was exclusively anatomically modern humans, and the evidence suggests that their societies were increasingly complex and they were manipulating their environment and prey in new ways, possibly selective burning of then omnipresent woodland to create clearings for herds to gather and then hunt them. Early Anglican hunters would use projectiles and slings to hunt. Bow and arrow was known in Eastern Parthenia since at least 9000 BC, however it took longer for it to reach Angland with earliest evidence being around 7000 BC. The climate continued to warm and the population probably rose.

Remillian Anglica

The Remillian conquest of the peninsula began in 49 AD and used it as a training ground for officers and as a proving ground for tactics during campaigns against the Picts, early Anglo-Herullians and the Kellins. It was not until 82 AD that Emperor Tiber (r.14 September 81 – 18 September 96) was able to fully complete the Anglican conquest. It was then that the name "Angligaullica" was given to the conquered land which would eventually develop into the modern nation name. Until then, much of Angligaullica had been autonomous.

Latinization proceeded quickly in some regions where there are references to the togati, and very slowly in others, after the time of Octavious, and Angligaullica was divided into three separately governed provinces, and nine provinces by the 4th century.

House Vieri and the Vieri Era

Arthur I

Main article: Arthur I

Given the vast dominions of the House of Vieri, Arthur was often on the road and needed deputies to govern his realms for the times he was absent from his territories. His first Governor of Vetulia was Margaret of Suidenland (succeeded by Mary of Baths and Jacques Philibert, Duke of Boroughsford). His first Regent of West Vermandia was Adrian of Kandbetten (succeeded by Isabella of Leciria and Philip of Almagria). For the regency and governorship of the Anglish hereditary lands, Arthur named his brother Ferdinand Archduke in the Anglish lands under his authority at the Diet of Leaches (1620). Arthur also agreed to favor the election of Ferdinand as King of the Eisens in Eisenland, which took place in 1626. By virtue of these agreements Ferdinand became Grand Duke of Eisenland and obtained hereditary rights over Eisenland at the death of Arthur in 1653.

A map of Eastern Parthenia under Arthur as well as colonial holdings of the Anglish Empire.

Vetullian Kingdoms

The city of Ferruela, the main seat of the Imperial court during his reign.

In 1586 the only heir to Vetullia, Arthur's paternal cousin Miguel Angel, passed away leaving him as the heir as the eldest grandson of Ferdinand II of Vetulluia. In 1604 Ferdinand passed away leaving Vetullia and it's overseas realms. His claim to Vetullia was supported heavily by the Cittas Anta as well as Pope Julius X, which gave his claim a great amount of support and legitimacy. Following this, his influence spread to the Vetullian overseas territories as well as far as to having claims in Leciria.

Thus, after the mourning of Ferdinand II's death in the March of 1604, Arthur was proclaimed king of the crowns of Campoleone and Vetullia. Finally, when the Basilio regent Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros accepted the fait accompli, he acceded to Arthur's desire to be proclaimed king and imposed his enstatement throughout the kingdom. Arthur arrived in his new kingdoms in autumn of 1604. De Cisneros came to meet him but fell ill along the way, not without a suspicion of poison, and he died before reaching the King.

Arthur spent a lot of his earlier life in Vetullia, spending much of his time in the city of Ferruela where he situated main seat of the Imperial court during his reign. Arthur was accepted by most Vetullians as king, despite his "Imperial" or "Germanic" way. Despite this, he still met resistance particularly from the courts of Basilio and Busseto which he eventually managed to overcome due to his skill in negotiation. Under Arthur, the government in Vetullia became even more absolute, with local lords having pure loyalty to him.

Opposition arose against him however as he began to raise taxes to fund Anglish expeditions into Atusia, which provided Vetullia with no benefit. He also used Vetullian tax money to fund foreign wars which they had no involvement with. This stopped in 1614 however as advisors warned of an uprising, which resulted in the Revolt of the Alba Barcos which Arthur suppressed.

Around the same time as the Protestant Reformation in 1620, which Arthur had also exhausted funds trying to repel, King Louis IX of Vermand launched a large scale invasion of Vetullia and Eisenland in attempt to no longer be surrounded by Vieri possesions. This lead to a longer series of wars between Vetullia and Vermand which would last up until the mid 1640s. In 1628 he again tried to increase taxation, but this time on all of his realms. This caused suprisingly less issue than before as many were understanding as to why the tax increase happened.

Elite elements in Vetullia called for more protection for the commercial networks, which were threatened by the Sapherian Empire. Arthur instead focused on defeating Protestantism in Eisenland and the Livonienburg, which proved to be lost causes. Each hastened the economic decline of the Vetullian Empire in the next generation. The enormous budget deficit accumulated during Arthur's reign, along with the inflation that affected the kingdom, resulted in declaring bankruptcy during the reign of Ferdinand III.

Contact with Lecirian Kingdoms

Carvoiero, Leciria. Home to the villa shared by Arthur and his wife Madelyn which they would holiday to.

Arthur was described as having an "obsession" with Leciria. His godfather upon baptism was Afonso IV, King of Leciria and close friend of his father. He was introduced to his future wife Madelyn at a very young age, and when he was 7 years old the parents arranged a marriage between the two to build relations between Leciria and the Vieri's officially. His first visit to Leciria was in 1598 where he went to visit Afonso with his wife Madelyn in Benavente. It is said that Arthur fell in love with the art and culture of Leciria during this visit and this would influence his later actions as monarch.

When he became King of the Anglish Empire he signed a Treaty of Friendship with Afonso IV in 1602, helping to guarentee positive relations between Leciria and the Vieri realm. Finally, in 1623 when Leciria had conflict with Telekia, the Vieri realms officially condemned the Telekian government, aiding in Leciria's victory politically.

West Vermandia

The position of Duke of West Vermandia came along with his inheritance of the Anglish throne as his grandfather Robert III held the position before and had it twinned with the Anglish monarchy. He visited West Vermandia for the first time in 1606, where he stayed in the Palace of Moncoy. This was, however, one of three times in his entire life he would make the visit to West Vermandia and so the state was mostly governed by the elected regent. His first regent was a member of his small council named Adrian of Kandbetten, who was incredibly popular in the region.

Despite not visiting often, Arthur understood the importance of West Vermandia when it came to trade with the rest of the world. A lot of the Vieri agriculture came from the region, however this resulted in a disliking of Arthur in West Vermandia as they felt the share of their goods was not fair.

In 1620, West Vermandia came under attack from Louis IX of Vermand who launched an invasion through West Vermandia and into Vetullia. This was later suppressed by Arthur.

Eisen and the Desselands

Arthur depicted in Eisen robes and armour at the Palace of Brattenburg in Eisenland, 1634.

The latest of the territories Arthur inherited, he was elected as Grand Duke of Eisenland following the death of his uncle, Grand Duke Charles the Bold, in 1619. The territories sit within the western borders of the Empire, near West Vermandia, Suidenland and Vetullia. He found himself in constant conflict with the Livoni barbarians which raided and sieged many settlements near the border. Arthur I sent a letter directly to King Manuel IV of Livonienburg threatening that if he did not sort the threat of barbarians in the east he would invade. Manuel, it is reported, completely ignored the letter. This soon found the two nations at war with eachother, and Livonienburg was greatly outnumbered. Despite a victory, Eisenland was left in debt to local banks which it had borrowed money from for the campaign in Livonienburg however this ended up being compensated by the lack of barbarian attacks following the invasion.

From 1622 to 1625, Arthur's government in Eisenland also had to contend with the rebellion of Desselandic peasants (led by Pier Gerlofs and Wijard Jelckama). The rebels were initially successful but after a series of defeats, the remaining leaders were captured and decapitated in 1625.

Arthur extended the Eisen territory with the annexation of Reizen, Bree, Maasbracht and Herten. The Seventeen Provinces had been unified by Arthur's Eisen ancestors, but nominally were fiefs of either Vermand or Livonienburg. Arthur eventually won the Heelpollen Wars and united all provinces under his rule, the last one being the Duchy of Heelpollen. In 1639, Arthur issued a Pragmatic Sanction, declaring the Desselands to be a unified entity of which his family would be the heirs.

The Desselandic territories were generally loyal to Arthur throughout his reign, likely due to the amount of time he spent there during his early life. The important city of Reizen rebelled in 1639 due to heavy tax payments demanded by Arthur. The rebellion did not last long, however, as Arthur's military response, with reinforcement from the Duke of Bree, was swift and humiliating to the rebels of Reizen.

Colonial Holdings

From his maternal grandfather, Robert III of Angland, who had funded Lionello Venturi's first voyage in 1542, Arthur inherited Angland's overseas territories in the eastern world. Anglish colonisation of Atusia began in 1543 however the territories in Atusia and Muanbia were paritally marginal to Arthur's Parthenian empire and not the focus of his attention for a majority of his reign. In 1614, Arthur oversaw the voyage of the HMS Spaniel which took famous Anglish explorer Charles Wilkie to Triania where they established Anglish territories in Trinia Minor in Port Spaniel. The realm of known Anglish possessions also increased in size with Paolo Bondone and his circumnavigation of the globe in 1522. The profits from this convinced Arthur to increase the presence of the Anglish Empire, notably in north Muanbia in modern states such as Odua. The conquest of Odua meant a large indigenous population had the Anglish language taught to then, resulting in north Muanbia having a high population of Anglish speakers in modern day. Arthur had begun creating councils to oversee aspects of his realms, first reorganizing the existing Council of Campoleone, established by the Catholic Monarchs.

War in Muanbia

Main article: Kanuri War

The Anglish Empire held colonial territories throughout northern Muanbia since the later 15th century. The first of which being the Western Boat Company in Odua, which later became the Anglish Colony of Odua. During much of the Anglish reign over the region they had been taken up by small internal conflicts with the people. This escalated under Arthur's rule of the Anglish Empire as a group called the Kanuri lead by Chief Madaki Roho lead an uprising to try and purge Anglish rule. This was sucessfull, taking control back over from the Anglish for a half a century, until they were colonised again in the 1670s. This war again cost a great amount for Arthur and his empire, leaving him with a stunning defeat.

Fall of Vieris and Civil War

Main articles: Anglish Civil War and Tommen I

Tommeni Era

His elder brother Eric died following a poisoning at his own wedding in 1695, leaving the throne empty to heir apparent Tommen. Despite not wanting to Tomen was placed onto a throne of glass, with both of his predecessors damaging the reputation of House Vieri. Tommen's age did not assist in this reputation as he was crowned aged 12 so those in the nation expected the worst from the young kind. Despite this, due to an ancient cultural tradition, he could not directly use all of his powers to rule until he was aged 15, so he would be given the choice to elect a council. The first member on his council was his grandfather Frederick Ecclestark who was renowned for his tactitional prowess. Another notable member of the council was Amalric Melisande, a Yerezhan man who was the first foreigner to serve on an Anglish Royal Council as well as Thomas Wells who served as almoner and cardinal of the catholic church, keeping relations with the Pope positive.

Upon the death of his brother his former wife, Lady Brianna of Priza, was left widowed. Brianna was bestowed to his brother upon birth as part of an arranged marriage to tie the monarchy of Vetullia with that of the Anglish crown, Brianna being the daughter of Charles VIII. Following the death of Eric, Charles wanted the money payed to Angland back as his daughter did not provide an heir to the former king. However Frederick Ecclestark, Tommen's grandfather, came to an agreement that Brianna would be given to Tommen as wife to make amends to Vetullia.

Tommen and Brianna were married at Eastminster Chapel in later 1695.

Conflict and Union with the Faith of the Nine

Great Sept of Clarence, home of the Faith of the Nine in Retoria.

In June of 1696 Tommen's newly wed wife was imprisoned by a branch of the christian church known as the Faith of the Nine. The faith had a large and dedicated "cult" following, when Brianna was imprisoned the task of getting her back became a difficult one for the young king. She was charged by the Grand Sparrow, Petr Mertell, of committing 'sin' following a trial held during the Holy Inquest. It also found Tommen's mother, Allison Ecclestark, guilty of adultery. By the end of July in 1696 both were imprisoned at the Great Sept of Clarence in Retoria. This greatly upset young king Tommen as the two closest to him in life had been imprisoned and he had little he could do to free them due to the relationship between the Faith of the Nine and the Catholic Church in Cittasanta. It is alledged that his advisor (and grandfather) Frederick Ecclestark encouraged him to simply take them by force, liking it to Tommen's older brother Eric. Tommen refused and instead decided to form a union with the Faith of the Nine which meant that the release of his wife and mother was guarenteed.

This contributed to growing concerns that Tommen wasn't fit to rule Anglia, a sentiment which was beginning to grow in the north especially.

18th and 19th centuries

House Graff

War with the United Federation

Main article: United Federation Independence Wars

20th Century

World War One and Post-War

Main article: World War 1 (Elezia)

World War Two

Main article: World War 2 (Elezia)

Post-World War Three and Modern Conflict

Main article: World War 3 (Elezia)