Heiyin language: Difference between revisions

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{{WIP}}
#REDIRECT [[Standard Yu language]]
{{Infobox language
| name = Heiyin
| nativename =海宮話 / 海宮话, ''Hei-giúng vài''<br />海人話 / 海人话, ''Hei-ín vài''<br />海語 / 海语, ''hei-viú''
| pronunciation = {{wp|International Phonetic Alphabet|[hèɪk̬ýŋ vȁɪ]}}, {{wp|International Phonetic Alphabet|[hèɪín vȁɪ]}}, {{wp|International Phonetic Alphabet|[hèɪvý]}}
| states = {{flag|Hondonia}},<br> {{flag|Kentalis}}
| region = Heigiung Autonomous Region and surrounding Coasta de Ploaie, Giulce island, Hrastmozh island
| ethnicity = Heiyin people
| script={{wp|Chinese characters|Sinitic characters}}, {{wp|Cyrillic script}} ([[Kentalis]])
| speakers = around 1 million
| date = 2018
| familycolor = Oriental
| fam2 = {{wp|Sinitic languages|Sinitic}}
| fam3 = Yu
| fam4 = Common Yu
| isoexception = dialect
| iso6 =
| linglist =
| lingua =
| notice = IPA
| glotto =
| glottoname =
}}
 
The '''Heiyin language''', also known as the '''Heigiung language''', or simply '''Hei language''', is a variety of Yu spoken in the majority of the Heigiung Autonomous Region of [[Hondonia]] and its surrounding areas, as well as the island of Hrastmozh in [[Kentalis]]. It is classified as part of the {{wp|Sino-Tibetan languages|Oriental language family}}.
 
Heiyin belongs to the Common Yu subgroup of the Yu languages. With around 1 million speakers, Heiyin is also the largest single form of Yu and used as the standard form of the Yu languages. It used to serve as the {{wp|lingua franca}} of the entire western Laurentine bay region, but after the 17th century its status and use declined due to dominating {{wp|Indo-European languages|Thuado-Thrismaran languages}}, which most Heiyin speakers can also speak, and the decline of the Heigiung Kingdom.
 
Like other Yu varieties, Heiyin has a large number of {{wp|vowel}}s and {{wp|consonant}}s, comepared to it's surrounding non-{{wp|Indo-European languages|Thuado-Thrismaran languages}}, with around fifteen unique vowel qualities, six of which are {{wp|Phoneme|phonemic}}. Heiyin also has a low number of tones compared to other {{wp|Sino-Tibetan languages|Oriental languages}}, and has a system of tone sandhi similar to the {{wp|Japnese pitch accent|Hoterallian pitch accent}}.
 
== History ==
 
== Classification ==
 
== Status ==
 
== Phonology ==
Following conventions of Sinitic syllable structure, Heiyin syllables can be divided into {{wp|Syllable onset|initials}} and finals. The initial occupies the first part of the syllable. The final occupies the second part of the syllable and can be divided further into an optional medial and an obligatory {{wp|Syllable rime|rime}} (sometimes spelled ''rhyme''). Tone is also a feature of the syllable in Heiyin.
 
=== Initials ===
The following is a list of all initials in Heiyin, as well as the Heiviu romanization:
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="2" |
! {{wp|Labial consonant|Labial}}
! {{wp|Coronal consonant|Coronal}}
! {{wp|Palatal consonant|Palatal}}
! {{wp|Dorsal consonant|Dorsal}}
|-
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Nasal}}
| {{IPAlink|m}} ⟨m⟩
| {{IPAlink|n}} ⟨n⟩
|
| ({{IPAlink|ŋ}} ⟨ng⟩)
|-
! rowspan="2" | {{wp|Plosive}}
! plain
| {{IPAlink|p}} ⟨b⟩
| {{IPAlink|t}} ⟨d⟩
|
| {{IPAlink|k}} ⟨g⟩
|-
! aspirated
| {{IPAlink|pʰ}} ⟨p⟩
| {{IPAlink|tʰ}} ⟨t⟩
|
| {{IPAlink|kʰ}} ⟨k⟩
|-
! rowspan="2" | {{wp|Affricate}}
! plain
|
| {{IPAlink|t͡s}} ⟨j⟩
| {{IPAlink|t͡ɕ}} ⟨jy⟩
|
|-
! aspirated
|
| {{IPAlink|t͡sʰ}} ⟨c⟩
| {{IPAlink|t͡ɕʰ}} ⟨cy⟩
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | {{wp|Fricative}}
! voiced
| {{IPAlink|v}} ⟨v⟩
| {{IPAlink|z}} ⟨z⟩
| {{IPAlink|ʑ}} ⟨zy⟩
| rowspan="2" | {{IPAlink|ɦ}}~{{IPAlink|h}} ⟨h⟩
|-
! voiceless
| {{IPAlink|f}} ⟨f⟩
| {{IPAlink|s}} ⟨s⟩
| {{IPAlink|ɕ}} ⟨sy⟩
|-
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Approximant}}
|
| {{IPAlink|l}}~{{IPAlink|ɫ}} ⟨l⟩
| {{IPAlink|j}} ⟨y/i⟩
|
|-
|}
*The velar nasal {{IPAlink|ŋ|/ŋ/}} dosen't appear as an initial in modern Heiyin, however it is found in some dialects as an allophone of plain {{IPAlink|k|/k/}} after nasals.
*The plain plosives and affricates {{IPAlink|p|/p/}}, {{IPAlink|t|/t/}}, {{IPAlink|k|/k/}}, {{IPAlink|t͡s|/t͡s/}} and {{IPAlink|t͡ɕ|/t͡ɕ/}} can be realized as voiced {{IPAlink|b|/b/}}, {{IPAlink|d|/d/}}, {{IPAlink|ɡ|/ɡ/}}, {{IPAlink|d͡z|/d͡z/}} and {{IPAlink|d͡ʑ|/d͡ʑ/}}.
*In modern Heiyin the fricatives {{IPAlink|ɦ|/ɦ/}} and {{IPAlink|h|/h/}} have merged and are allophones of eachother.
 
=== Finals ===
The following is a list of the {{wp|Phoneme|phonemic}} {{wp|vowel}} sounds in Heiyin, as well as the Heiviu romanization::
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" |
! {{wp|Front vowel|Front}}
! {{wp|Back vowel|back}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | {{wp|Close vowel|Close}}
! {{small|unrounded}}
| {{IPA link|i}} ⟨i⟩
|
|-
! {{small|rounded }}
| {{IPA link|y}} ⟨iu/u⟩
| {{IPA link|u}} ⟨u⟩
|-
! rowspan="2" | {{wp|Mid vowel|Mid}}
! {{small|unrounded}}
| {{IPA link|e}} ⟨e⟩
| {{IPA link|ɤ}} ⟨eo⟩
|-
! {{small|rounded}}
|
| {{IPA link|o}} ⟨o⟩
|-
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Open vowel|Open}}
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|a}} ⟨a⟩
|-
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Diphthong|Diphthongs}}
| colspan="2" | {{wp|Diphthong|aɪ}}, {{wp|Diphthong|eɪ}}, {{wp|Diphthong|yɪ}}, {{wp|Diphthong|oɪ}}, {{wp|Diphthong|ɤɪ}}, {{wp|Diphthong|oʊ}}, {{wp|Diphthong|ɤʊ}}
|}
 
The following is a list of all possible finals in Heiyin, as well as the Heiviu romanisation:
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="7" | Codas
|-
! ∅
! ɪ
! ʊ
! m
! n
! ŋ
! ɫ
|-
! a
| a ⟨a⟩
| aɪ ⟨ai⟩
|
| am ⟨am⟩
| an ⟨an⟩
| aŋ ⟨ang⟩
| aɫ ⟨al⟩
|-
! ja
| ja ⟨ya/ia⟩
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! e
| e ⟨e⟩
| eɪ ⟨ei⟩
|
| em ⟨em⟩
| en ⟨en⟩
| eŋ ⟨eng⟩
| eɫ ⟨el⟩
|-
! je
| je ⟨ye/ie⟩*
|
|
|
| jen ⟨yen⟩*
|
|
|-
! y
| y ⟨iu/yu⟩
|
|
|
| yn ⟨iun/yun⟩
| yŋ ⟨iung/yung⟩
|
|-
! u
| u ⟨u⟩
|
|
|
|
| uŋ ⟨ung⟩
| uɫ ⟨ul⟩
|-
! o
| o ⟨o⟩
| oɪ ⟨oi⟩
| oʊ ⟨ou⟩
| om om⟨⟩
| on ⟨on⟩
| oŋ ⟨ong⟩
| oɫ ⟨ol⟩
|-
! ɤ
| ɤ ⟨oe⟩
| ɤɪ ⟨oei⟩
| ɤʊ ⟨oeu⟩
| ɤm ⟨oem⟩
| ɤn ⟨oen⟩
| ɤŋ ⟨oeng⟩
| ɤɫ ⟨oel⟩
|-
! jɤ
| jɤ ⟨yoe⟩
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
* Some dialects preserve medial /je/, but in the standard language it has dissapeared.
 
=== Tones ===
 
==== Tone Sandhi ====
 
== Grammar ==
 
=== Word Order ===
 
=== Nouns ===
 
==== Classifies ====
 
=== Verbs ===
 
====Aspect====
 
====Mood====
 
=== Pronouns ===
 
=== Adjectives ===
 
=== Interrogatives ===
 
=== Negation ===
 
=== Writing ===
 
== See also ==
 
{{Template:Anteria info pages}}
[[Category:Languages in Anteria]][[Category:Anteria]][[Category:Hondonia]]

Latest revision as of 11:40, 19 May 2023

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