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| caption = | | caption = | ||
| date = 25 October 1990-18 August 1995<br> | | date = 25 October 1990-18 August 1995<br> | ||
({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1= | ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=10|day1=25|year1=1990|month2=8|day2=18|year2=1995}}) | ||
| place = [[Tiwura]] | | place = [[Tiwura]] | ||
| coordinates = | | coordinates = | ||
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| territory = | | territory = | ||
| result = [[Tiwuran Alliance of Peoples|TAP]] victory | | result = [[Tiwuran Alliance of Peoples|TAP]] victory | ||
| combatants_header = | | combatants_header = | ||
| combatant1 = {{flag|Tiwura}}<br> | | combatant1 = '''{{flag|Tiwura}}'''<br> | ||
| combatant2 = [[File: | *[[SDM]] | ||
*[[GPA]] | |||
| combatant2 = [[File:TiwuranAllianceOfPeoples.PNG|23px]] '''[[Tiwuran Alliance of Peoples|TAP]]'''<br> | |||
*[[GPF]] | |||
*[[ILPA]] | |||
*[[GUMRA]] | |||
*[[STVF]] | |||
{{flag|Asase Lewa}}(1992-1995) <br> | |||
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Tiwura}} '''[[Kibwe Chipo]]'''<br> | | commander1 = {{flagicon|Tiwura}} '''[[Kibwe Chipo]]'''<br> | ||
| commander2 = [[File: | | commander2 = [[File:TiwuranAllianceOfPeoples.PNG|23px]] '''[[Mowiya Sekoni]]'''<br> [[File:TiwuranAllianceOfPeoples.PNG|23px]] '''[[Ashavazdar Haroun]]'''<br> {{flagicon|Asase Lewa}} '''[[Asaselewan Leader]]'''<br> | ||
| strength1 = {{flagicon|Tiwura}} | | strength1 = {{flagicon|Tiwura}} 280,000 (peak) | ||
| strength2 = {{flagicon| | | strength2 = [[File:TiwuranAllianceOfPeoples.PNG|23px]] 200,000 (peak) <br> {{flagicon|Asase Lewa}} 79,000 (peak) | ||
| casualties1 = '''Tiwura'''<br> 78,000 killed <br> 81,000 wounded <br> 15,000 missing and captured | | casualties1 = '''Tiwura'''<br> 78,000 killed <br> 81,000 wounded <br> 15,000 missing and captured | ||
| casualties2 = ''' | | casualties2 = '''TAP''' <br> 62,000 killed <br> 75,000 wounded <br> 19,000 missing and captured<br>'''Asase Lewa''' <br> 7,000 killed <br> 11,000 wounded <br> 9,000 missing and captured | ||
| notes = | | notes = | ||
| campaignbox = | | campaignbox = | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Second Tiwuran Civil War''', also known as the '''Tiwuran Liberation War''' in [[Asase Lewa]], was a {{wp|civil war}} in [[Tiwura]] that lasted from 1990 to 1995. The war would lead to the death over 140,000 military personnel and around 1.2 million civilians, with around 800,000 to 1 million killed during the [[1992 Gundaya Massacres]]. | |||
Since the colonial era Tiwura had experiences constant {{wp|ethnic tensions}} between its peoples. Since independence in 1950, Tiwura had been under the domination of {{wp|Igbo people|Mwo}} leadership. These leaders included the Mwo nationalist [[Obie Chinwe]], who had mandated that Mwo language and culture be forced onto other ethnic groups. The fallout from the [[Bulamu War]] and [[First Tiwuran Civil War]] vastly increased these divisions as political division became synonymous with ethnic division. Under [[Reese Okparro Ndulu]] and [[Alichie Uchey]] during the 70s and 80s these tensions rose with widespread protest and political suppression. These issues were catalyzed with the economic downturn in the early 1980s, leading to the {{wp|election|1986 Tiwuran presidential election}} and the victory of Mwo nationalist [[Kibwe Chipo]]. Between 1986 and 1990 Chipo's policies would specifically target ethnic and religious minorities, resulting in {{wp|mass arrests}}, {{wp|political suppression}}, and the infringement of religious practice. Martial law would be instated in 1989 in {{wp|Yoruba people|Gundayaland}} and any protests against Chipo would be violently suppressed. In the west [[Irfanic|Irfan]] religion would be heavily restricted, witht he [[Irfanic Regulation Law]] of 1989 sparking in increased rebellious fervour. Out of this insurgents would begin launching attacks across Tiwura. In mid-1990, {{wp|Kanuri people|Zamga}} Irfani insurgent leader [[Ashavazdar Haroun]] and Gundaya {{wp|socialism|socialist}} activist [[Mowiya Sekoni]] would meet to ally their rebellious factions, the [[Irfanic Liberation People's Army]] and the [[Gundaya People's Front]]. This would be known as the [[Tiwuran Alliance of Peoples]], or TAP. Following this alliance the insurgent forces would organize and rebellion spread across the west, north, and midland regions of Tiwura. On October 25th 1990 Sekoni would publically announce that the TAP has officially declared war against the Chipo government. This announcement is regarded as the official start of the war. |
Latest revision as of 01:08, 19 October 2023
Second Tiwuran Civil War | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
Belligerents | |||||||
Asase Lewa(1992-1995) | |||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Kibwe Chipo |
Mowiya Sekoni Ashavazdar Haroun Asaselewan Leader | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
280,000 (peak) |
200,000 (peak) 79,000 (peak) | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
Tiwura 78,000 killed 81,000 wounded 15,000 missing and captured |
TAP 62,000 killed 75,000 wounded 19,000 missing and captured Asase Lewa 7,000 killed 11,000 wounded 9,000 missing and captured |
The Second Tiwuran Civil War, also known as the Tiwuran Liberation War in Asase Lewa, was a civil war in Tiwura that lasted from 1990 to 1995. The war would lead to the death over 140,000 military personnel and around 1.2 million civilians, with around 800,000 to 1 million killed during the 1992 Gundaya Massacres.
Since the colonial era Tiwura had experiences constant ethnic tensions between its peoples. Since independence in 1950, Tiwura had been under the domination of Mwo leadership. These leaders included the Mwo nationalist Obie Chinwe, who had mandated that Mwo language and culture be forced onto other ethnic groups. The fallout from the Bulamu War and First Tiwuran Civil War vastly increased these divisions as political division became synonymous with ethnic division. Under Reese Okparro Ndulu and Alichie Uchey during the 70s and 80s these tensions rose with widespread protest and political suppression. These issues were catalyzed with the economic downturn in the early 1980s, leading to the 1986 Tiwuran presidential election and the victory of Mwo nationalist Kibwe Chipo. Between 1986 and 1990 Chipo's policies would specifically target ethnic and religious minorities, resulting in mass arrests, political suppression, and the infringement of religious practice. Martial law would be instated in 1989 in Gundayaland and any protests against Chipo would be violently suppressed. In the west Irfan religion would be heavily restricted, witht he Irfanic Regulation Law of 1989 sparking in increased rebellious fervour. Out of this insurgents would begin launching attacks across Tiwura. In mid-1990, Zamga Irfani insurgent leader Ashavazdar Haroun and Gundaya socialist activist Mowiya Sekoni would meet to ally their rebellious factions, the Irfanic Liberation People's Army and the Gundaya People's Front. This would be known as the Tiwuran Alliance of Peoples, or TAP. Following this alliance the insurgent forces would organize and rebellion spread across the west, north, and midland regions of Tiwura. On October 25th 1990 Sekoni would publically announce that the TAP has officially declared war against the Chipo government. This announcement is regarded as the official start of the war.