Louzen language

Louzen language
Louzenish, Nordulevan
Lúzinſ̂ina - Lúzinſký Âzyk
Flag of the Duchy of Louzeni
Pronunciation	/luːzinɕʧina/
Native to	Gadorien Duchy of Louzeni
Region	Slavic Belt in Thuadia
Ethnicity	Louzeni Slavs
Native speakers	L1: 5,812,000 L2: 2,317,000 FL: 520,000
Language family	Thuado-Thrismaran languages Zarav-Slavic Slavic Kento-Polyash Mustelarian subgroup Louzen language
Standard forms	Louzen language great wordbook
Dialects	Qash mixed dialects Louzeni Mountainous Haldenian
Official status
Official language in	Gadorien Duchy of Louzeni
Recognised minority language in	Zhousheng Central Region Gadorien Qazhshava Lakkatha Province Srednogorie Province Lenvuri Capital Province Timanë Province Sekidean Union
Language codes
ISO 639-1	LI
ISO 639-2	LOI
ISO 639-3	LOI
Distribution of the language   Absolute majority   >30% of native speakers

Louzeni language is a Slavic language out of Kento-Polyash language group, which is a official language of the autonomous Duchy of Louzeni in Gadorien and is a recognized minority language in Zhousheng, Gadorien and Qazhshava

Introduction

The language has a slavic root and grammar, but has developed along with strong germanic influences, which shaped the grammar of the language. Unlike most of other slavic languages, Louzen maintained use of Dual as a grammatical number.

Orthography and Phonology

Alphabet

Although until the 18th century, Louzeni used Protopolyash script, the strong influence of Gadori germanic tribes using latin pushed it towards Latin script, which eventually became the most used script and eventually gained a linguistic monopoly in the middle of 19th century.

Until the rebirth movement in the end of 19th century, Louzen used only Graphemes to denote multiple sounds, which did not have a standard 26-alphabet letter given to them, but later, a system of diacritic marks was devised, creating a version, where any important phoneme is denoted by a single letter. Louzen, although not officially using it, sometimes used lenghtened marks for vowels and syllabic consonants. Those symbols were used in some historical transcripts, but were eventually faded in eary 1900's.

A a /a/	Á á /aː/	Ä ä /ɛ ~ ɛː/	Â â /ʲa ~ ja/	B b /b/	C c /ʦ/	Ċ ċ /ʨ ~ ʧ/	D d /ɖ ~ d/	Ḋ ḋ /ɟ/	E e /e/
É é /eː/	Ê ê /ʲe ~ je/	F f /f/	G g /g/	H h /ɦ ~ h/	Ḣ ḣ /x/	I i /i/	Í í /iː/	J j /j/	K k /k/
L l /l/	Ŀ ŀ /lʲ/	M m /m/	N n /n/	Ṅ ṅ /ɲ/	O o /o ~ ɔ/	Ó ó /oː ~ ɔː/	Ö ö /œ ~ œː/	P p /p/	Q q /q ~ kv/
R r ꝛ /ʀ/	S s ſ /s/	Ṡ ṡ ẛ /ɕ ~ ʃ/	Ŝ ŝ ſ̂ /ɕʧ/	T t /ʈ ~ t/	Ṫ ṫ /c/	U u /u/	Ú ú /uː/	Ü ü /ɨ ~ y/	Û û /ʲu ~ ju/
V v /v/	Ƿ ƿ /w ~ ʋ/	X x /ks/	Y y /ɪ/	Ý ý /ɪː/	Z z /z/	Ż ż /ʑ ~ ʒ/

Detailed table

Official diacritic version					Digraph version				Fraktur version		Govoric version				IPA Symbol	Example of a common word with the sound
1	A		a		A		a		𝔄	𝔞	A		a		/a/	After
2	Á		á		Aa		aa		𝔄𝔞	𝔞𝔞	А́		а́		/aː/
3	Ä		ä		Æ	æ	Ꞛ	ꞛ	𝔄̈	𝔞̈	Ꙗ		ꙗ		/ɛ/	Bed (General American accent)
	Ä	ä	A̋	a̋	Ǽ	ǽ	Ꞛ́	ꞛ́			Ꙗ́		ꙗ́		/ɛː/
4	Â		â		Ja		ja		𝔄❜	𝔞❜	Я		я		/ʲa/~/j͡a/	Not in common. Example: "Яблоко/Âbloko" in Tiskai language
5	B		b		B		b		𝔅	𝔟	Б		б		/b/	Label
6	C		c		C		c		ℭ	𝔠	Ц		ц		/ʦ/	Its
7	Ċ		ċ		Cz		cz		ℭ𝔷	𝔠𝔷	Ч		ч		/ʧ/	Check
8	D		d		D		d		𝔇	𝔡	Д		д		/ɖ/	Done
9	Ḋ		ḋ		D'		d'		𝔇❜	𝔡❜	Ԃ		ԃ		/ɟ/	Voiced palatal plosive (not in common)
10	E		e		E		e		𝔈	𝔢	Е		е		/e/	Bed (Australian accent)
11	É		é		Ee		ee		𝔈𝔢	𝔢𝔢	Е́		е́		/eː/
12	Ê		ê		Je		je		𝔈❜	𝔢❜	Є		є		/ʲe/~/j͡e/	Belarus
13	F		f		F		f		𝔉	𝔣	Ф		ф		/f/	Fine
14	G		g		G		g		𝔊	𝔤	Ґ		ґ		/g/	Game
15	H		h		H		h		ℌ	𝔥	Г		г		/ɦ/ /h/	Hello
16	Ḣ		ḣ		Ch		ch		𝔊𝔥	𝔤𝔥	Х		х		/x/	Loch Ness
17	I		i		I		i		ℑ	𝔦	І		і		/i/	Free
18	Í		í		Ie		ie		ℑ𝔢	𝔦𝔢	Í		í		/iː/
19	J		j		J		j		𝔍	𝔧	Ј	ј	Й	й	/j/	You
20	K		k		K		k		𝔎	𝔨	К		к		/k/	Key
21	L		l		L		l		𝔏	𝔩	Л		л		/l/	Later
22	Ŀ		ŀ		L'		l'		𝔏❜	𝔩❜	Љ		љ		/lʲ/	Million
23	M		m		M		m		𝔐	𝔪	М		м		/m/	Mother
24	N		n		N		n		𝔑	𝔫	Н		н		/n/	Month
25	Ṅ		ṅ		N'		n'		𝔑❜	𝔫❜	Њ		њ		/ɲ/	New
26	O		o		O		o		𝔒	𝔬	О		о		/o/ /ɔ/	Yawn / Not
27	Ó		ó		Oo		oo		𝔒𝔬	𝔬𝔬	О́		о́		/oː/ /ɔː/
28	Ö		ö		Œ	œ	Ꞝ	ꞝ	𝔒̈	𝔬̈	Ҩ		ҩ		/œ/	Bird
	Ö	ö	Ő	ő	Œ́	œ́	Ꞝ́	ꞝ́			Ҩ́		ҩ́		/œː/
29	P		p		P		p		𝔓	𝔭	П		п		/p/	Play
30	Q		q		Q		q		𝔔	𝔮	Қ		қ		/q/ ~ /k͡v/	Caught
31	R		r ꝛ		R		r		ℜ	𝔯	Р		р		/ʀ/	Red
32	S		s ſ		S		s ſ		𝔖	𝔰	С		с		/s/	Surprise
33	Ṡ ẛ		ṡ ẛ		Sz		ſz		𝔖𝔷	𝔰𝔷	Ш		ш		/ɕ/	Show
34	Ŝ		ŝ ſ̂		Sx		ſx		𝔖𝔵	𝔰𝔵	Щ		щ		/ɕ͡ʧ/	Not in common. Example: "Щенок/Ŝenok" in Tiskai language
35	T		t		T		t		𝔗	𝔱	Т		т		/ʈ/	Time
36	Ṫ		ṫ		T'		t'		𝔗❜	𝔱❜	Ћ		ћ		/c/	Voiceless palatal plosive (not in common)
37	U		u		U		u		𝔘	𝔲	У		у		/u/	Boot
38	Ú		ú		Uu		uu		𝔘𝔲	𝔲𝔲	У́		у́		/uː/
39	Ü		ü			ᵫ	Ꞟ	ꞟ	𝔘̈	𝔲̈	Ы		ы		/ɨ/	Lip (London accent)
	Ü	ü	Ű	ű	́	ᵫ́	Ꞟ́	ꞟ́			Ы́		ы́		/ɨː/
40	Û		û		Ju		ju		𝔘❜	𝔲❜	Ю		ю		/ʲu/~/j͡u/	Not in common. Example: "Любить/Lûbitʹ" in Tiskai language
41	V		v		V		v		𝔙	𝔳	В		в		/v/	Valve
42	Ƿ	ƿ	W	w	Ƿ	ƿ	W	w	𝔚	𝔴	Ў		ў		/w/ /ʋ/	Weep
43	X		x		X		x		𝔛	𝔵	Ѯ		ѯ		/k͡s/	A bigram of /k/ and /s/, for example in Maximal
44	Y		y		Y		y		𝔜	𝔶	И		и		/ɪ/	Bit (General American)
45	Ý		ý		Ye		ye		𝔜𝔢	𝔶𝔢	И́		и́		/ɪː/
46	Z		z		Z		z		ℨ	𝔷	З		з		/z/	Zoo
47	Ż		ż		Z'		z'		ℨ❜	𝔷❜	Ж		ж		/ʑ/	Vision

Phonology

Place Manner	Labial					Coronal										Dorsal					Laryngeal
	Bilabial		Labiodental		Linguolabial		Dental		Alveolar		Postal-veolar		Retroflex		Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal		Glottal
Nasal	m̥	m							n̥	n				ɳ		ɲ
Plosive	p	b							t	d			ʈ	ɖ	c	ɟ	k	g	q
Sibilant affricate									ʦ	ʣ	ʧ	ʤ	ʈʂ	ɖʐ	ʨ	ʥ
Non-sibilant affricate
Sibilant fricative									s	z	ʃ	ʒ	ʂ	ʐ	ɕ	ʑ
Non-sibilant fricative			f	v												ʝ	x	ɣ	χ				h	ɦ
Approximant				ʋ												j		w
Tap/Flap
Trill									r̥	r									ʀ̥	ʀ
Latelar affricate
Latelar fricative
Latelar approximant										l
Latelar tap/flap

Tongue position	Front		Near-front		Central		Near-back		Back
Close	i	y			ɨ					u
Near-close			ɪ
Close-mid	e									o
Mid					ə
Open-mid	ɛ	œ								ɔ
Near-open					ɐ
Open	a								ɑ	ɒ
Diphthong	a͡u
Long vowels	aː ~ ɛː ~ eː ~ iː ~ ɪː ~ oː ~ ɔː ~ œː ~ uː ~ ɨː

Bold are the common sounds, while regular sounds may happen in dialects and/or in a world for easier pronunciation

Softening

Sounds for letters D, L, N, T preceding letters Â, Ê, I, Í, Û are softened/palatalized.

Softening			Regular
Written	Read	Wrong	Written	Read
di	/ɟi/	ḋi	dy	/ɖɪ/
li	/lʲi/	ŀi	ly	/lɪ/
ni	/ɲi/	ṅi	ny	/nɪ/
ti	/ci/	ṫi	ty	/ʈɪ/

Important note is, that in case of softening with Â, Ê, Û, the /j/ sound is not pronounced:

Softening			Regular
Written	Read	Wrong	Written	Read
dâ	/ɟa/	ḋa	dja	/ɖja/
lâ	/lʲa/	ŀa	lja	/lja/
nâ	/ɲa/	ṅa	nja	/nja/
tâ	/ca/	ṫa	tja	/ʈja/

Long and round S, Ṡ and Ŝ

S s ſ
S s ſ

Ṡ ṡ ẛ
Ṡ ṡ ẛ

Ŝ ŝ ſ̂
Ŝ ŝ ſ̂

Louzen language recognizes both long and rounded S letters as a miniscule.

The rules on writing those are:

• Rounded S (s) (or rounded Ṡ/Ŝ - ṡ/ŝ) are written on the end of a syllable or if they act as a syllabic consonant
• Long S (ſ) (or long Ṡ/Ŝ - ẛ/ſ̂) are written, if they are on the beginning or in the middle of a syllable

Both Rounded S (s) & Long S (ſ), if capitalizated, are written as a regular R

Those rules can be seen for example in the Noun inflections (Koſt (Nom.) → Kosti (Gen.))

Regular and rounded R

R r ꝛ
R r ꝛ

Louzen language recohnizes both long and rounded R letters as a miniscule.

The rules on writing those are:

• Rounded R (ꝛ) is written, if it is behind letters B, D, Ḋ, H, Ḣ, O, Ó, Ö, P or Q
• Long R (r) is written, if it is behind any other letter or on the beginning of a word

Both Rounded R (ꝛ) & Long R (r), if capitalizated, are written as a regular R, but rounded R (ꝛ), if capitalizated, can also be written as a capitalized version "Ꝛ", as there is a lack of clear cut rules for the writing.

Although the letter rounded R (ꝛ) is officially still recognized, it is not considered wrong if the miniscule is simply written as "r" all the time.

Regulation

Institute for literary Louzen language

Building housing the institutue
Latin: Consortio linguæ emendati Luzenorum
Other name	Institut pro literný Lúzinſký Âzyk
Motto	„Afferant montes pacem populo“
Motto in English	„May the mountains bring prosperity to the people“
Established	1943
Mission	Maintainment of a literary basis for the Louzen language
President	Vácslav Grüný
Chairman	Âromêr Geſ̂inský
Budget	~20M SEK (~25M ACU)
Address	Haldenskégo Märẛe, 430
Location	Lozeng , Duchy of Louzeni , Gadorien

Louzen language has a regulatory organ, named the "Institute for literary Louzen language", AKA "Institut pro literný Lúzinſký Âzyk" in Louzen. This organ was founded as a regulatory body to the language, stabilizing the grammar, orthography and phonology.

First change was stabilization of the alphabet, changing multiple letters to a more stable form:

• Ǧ → G (/g/)
• G → J (/j/)
• J → Í (/iː/)
• Ƿ → V (/v/)
• Ch → Ḣ (/x/)
• Ṡċ → Ŝ (/ʃ͡ʧ/)
• Ja → Â (/j͡a ~ ʲa/)
• Je → Ê (/j͡e ~ ʲe/)
• Ju → Û (/j͡u ~ ʲu/)

Ŏ ŏ
Ŏ ŏ

Another changes include establishmend of a Govoric script, which is stabilized on that part, establishment of rules on Rounded S (s) & Long S (ſ), Rounded R (ꝛ) and Long R (r) and capizalisation.

Removal of Ŏ (O-Breve)

This change also included abolishment of the letter Ŏ, which was denoting a vowel shift from O/Ó/Uo (Equivalent to Ө in Zhoushi) to U/Ú (ɔ → u) in the words such as "Slŏn" (Elephant), "Lŏmên" (Broken cane) or "Sŏlâ" (Salt), replacing it with a letter "U" or "Ú", depending on lenght of the vowel → "Slún", "Lumên", "Súlâ".

Similar change can be seen in Utochise language, where the shift O → Ú is denoted by ringed U (Ů), or in Scouse language, where the same shift is denoted by O-accute (Ó).

Ø ø
Ø ø

Removal of Ø (Slashed O)

Similairly, letter Ø was abolished as a vowel shift from O/Ó/Uo (Equivalent to Ө in Zhoushi) to Ö (ɔ → œ). Those letters were simply replaced by Ö. Example of such word could be "Døm" (House), "Møka" (Flour) or "Løẛe" (Bleach) → "Döm", "Möka", "Löẛe"

Grammar

Nouns

Grammatical gender

Zhoushi languages distinguishes a total of 3 grammatical genders, one being latter subdivided into animate and inanimate forms, although that doesn't change the rules on the usage, only works for listing the inflection patterns:

• Masculine (symbol ♂, letter M)
• Feminine (symbol ♀, letter F)
• Neuter (symbol ⚲, letter N)

Grammatical cases

Louzen langauge works with 3 grammatical numbers (singular, dual and plural) and 5 separate grammatical cases:

• Nominative (Imêník): Subject or a Predicate noun or adjectiv (Shorcut Nom., № 1)
• Genitive (Pridrżník): Possessive or partial direct object, without Subject (Shorcut Gen., № 2)
• Dative (Geŝník): Giving to Subject, phrases linked to certain verbs (Shorcut Dat., № 3)
• Accusative (Jednateŀník): Interract with Subject (see, hear, harass...) (Shorcut Acc., № 4)
• Ablative (Drużník): Part of Subject, compared to Subject, the way (Shorcut Abl., № 5)

There are 12 Inflection patterns (5 for Masculine, 4 for Feminine and 3 for Neuter)

Grammatical inflection

Translation to Common	Code	Singular					Dual					Plural
		Nom.	Gen.	Dat.	Acc.	Abl.	Nom.	Gen.	Dat.	Acc.	Abl.	Nom.	Gen.	Dat.	Acc.	Abl.
Masculine
Brother	B	Bꝛat	Bꝛata	Bꝛatu	Bꝛata	Bꝛatom	Bꝛata	Bꝛat	Bꝛatám	Bꝛata	Bꝛatḣi	Bꝛati	Bꝛatú	Bꝛatúm	Bꝛaty	Bꝛatmi
		∅	-a	-u	-a	-om	-a	∅	-ám	-a	-ḣi	-i	-ú	-úm	-y	-mi
House	D	Döm	Dömy	Dömu	Döm	Dömom	Dömy	Dömu	Dömoma	Dömê	Dömyma	Dömové	Dömú	Dömúm	Dömy	Dömami
		∅	-y	-u	∅	-om	-y	-u	-oma	-ê	-yma	-ové	-ú	-úm	-y	-ami
Man	M	Muž	Muže	Muži	Muže	Mužum	Muža	Muž	Mužoma	Mužém	Mužmi	Muži	Mužú	Mužúm	Muže	Mužma
		∅	-e	-i	-e	-um	-a	∅	-oma	-ém	-mi	-i	-ú	-úm	-e	-ma
Country	K	Kraj	Kraja	Kraji	Kraja	Krajom	Kraja	Kraju	Krajoma	Krajê	Krajoma	Kraje	Krajú	Krajom	Kraje	Krajmi
		∅	-a	-i	-a	-om	-a	-u	-oma	-ê	-oma	-e	-ú	-om	-e	-mi
Stone	A	Kámen	Kámene	Kámeni	Kámen	Kámenem	Kámena	Kámenu	Kámenama	Kámena	Kámeni	Kámeny	Kámenêv	Kámenúm	Kámeny	Kámeny
		∅	-e	-i	∅	-em	-a	-u	-ama	-a	-i	-y	-êv	-úm	-y	-y
Feminine
Woman	Z	Żena	Żeny	Żenê	Żenu	Żenû	Żenê	Żenu	Żenama	Żenê	Żenimê	Żeny	Żen	Żenám	Żeny	Żenami
		-a	-y	-ê	-u	-û	-ê	-u	-ama	-ê	-imê	-y	∅	-ám	-y	-ami
Hope	N	Nadêlâ	Nadêlê	Nadêli	Nadêlû	Nadêŀü	Nadêlê	Nadêlû	Nadêlâ	Nadêlê	Nadêlimê	Nadêlê	Nadêlê	Nadêlâm	Nadêlê	Nadêŀjáḣ
		-â	-ê	-i	-û	-ü	-ê	-u	-a	-ê	-imê	-ê	-ê	-am	-ê	-jáḣ
Bone	K	Koſṫ	Kosti	Kosti	Koſṫ	Kosṫó	Kosti	Kostû	Koſṫma	Kosti	Koſṫma	Kosti	Kostí	Kostím	Kosti	Kostêmi
		∅	-i	-i	∅	-ó	-i	-û	-ma	-i	-ma	-i	-í	-ím	-i	-êmi
Mother (archaic)	T	Máti	Máti	Máti	Máti	Máṫ	Mátê	Mátû	Máṫma	Máti	Máṫma	Mátije	Mátijí	Mátijím	Mátê	Máṫmi
		-i	-i	-i	-i	∅	-ê	-û	-ma	-i	-ma	-ije	-ijí	-ijím	-ê	-mi
Neutrum
Word	S	Slovo	Slova	Slovu	Slovo	Slovme	Slovji	Slovû	Slovêma	Slovji	Slovêma	Slova	Slov	Slovám	Slova	Slovy
		-o	-a	-u	-o	-me	-ji	-û	-êma	-ji	-êma	-a	∅	-ám	-a	-y
Sea	R	Morê	Morê	Mori	Morê	Mori	Mora	Mor	Morím	Mora	Mormi	Morê	Morí	Morím	Morê	Morami
		-ê	-ê	-i	-ê	-i	-a	∅	-ím	-a	-mi	-ê	-í	-ím	-ê	-ami
Name	I	Imê	Imênê	Imû	Imê	Imi	Imê	Imú	Imom	Imê	Imem	Imê	Imí	Imêm	Imêje	Imêma
		-ê	-ênê	-û	-ê	-i	-ê	-ú	-om	-ê	-em	-ê	-í	-êm	-êje	-êma