Sandbox:Historical script development (Fjana): Difference between revisions
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=[[wikipedia:English language|English language]]= | =[[wikipedia:English language|English language]]= | ||
===English Phonetic Alphabet=== | ===English Phonetic Alphabet=== |
Revision as of 12:48, 6 June 2021
English language
English Phonetic Alphabet
Ɛ ɛ /iː/ |
ᗩ a /ej/ |
A̅ a̧ /äː/ |
Ө ө /ɔː/ |
Ꙍ ɷ /ʊː/ |
Ɯ ɯ /uː/ |
I i /ɪ/ |
E e /ɛ/ |
A ɑ /ɑ/ |
O o /o/ |
U u /a/ |
Ꞷ ꞷ /u/ |
Ɨ į /ai/ |
Ơ ơ /oi/ |
Ɣ ɣ /ou/ |
Ա ɥ /ju/ |
Y y /je/ |
W w /wa/ |
H h /h/ |
P p /p/ |
B b /b/ |
T t /t/ |
D d /d/ |
Ⲉ ꞔ /tʃ/ |
J j /dʒ/ |
C c /k/ |
G g /g/ |
F f /f/ |
V v /v/ |
Ꞁ ƭ /θ/ |
Ƌ đ /ð/ |
S s /s/ |
Z z /z/ |
Ʃ ʃ /ʃ/ |
Ʒ ʒ /ʒ/ |
R r /ɹ/ |
L l /l/ |
M m /m/ |
N n /n/ |
Ŋ ᶇ /ŋ/ |
Ꝺ | ꝺ | D | d | |
Ꝼ | ꝼ | F | f | |
Ᵹ | ᵹ | G | g | |
Ꞃ | ꞃ | R | r | |
Ꞅ | ꞅ | S | s | |
Ꞇ | ꞇ | T | t |
International auxiliary languages
Interslavic (unified table)
Although Interslavic is not my own project, I have made a table of all alphabetic sets for it.
Latin etymological:
A a /a ~ ɑ/ |
Å å /ɒ/ |
B b /b/ |
C c /ts/ |
Ć ć /tɕ/ |
Č č /tʃ/ |
D d /d/ |
D́ d́ /dʲ ~ ɟ/ |
Đ đ /dʑ/ |
Dž dž /dʒ/ |
E e /ɛ ~ e/ |
Ė ė /ə ~ ɛ̃/ |
Ę ę /æ/ |
Ě ě /ʲɛ ~ ʲe/ |
F f /f/ |
G g /ɡ/ |
H h /x/ |
I i /i ~ ɪ/ |
J j /j/ |
K k /k/ |
L l /l/ |
Ĺ ĺ /ɫ/ |
Lj lj /ʎ/ |
M m /m/ |
N n /n/ |
Ń ń /nʲ ~ ɲ/ |
Nj nj /ɲ/ |
O o /ɔ ~ o/ |
Ȯ ȯ /ə ~ ɔ̃/ |
P p /p/ |
Q q /q ~ kv/ |
R r /r/ |
Ŕ ŕ /rʲ ~ r̝/ |
S s /s/ |
Ś ś /ɕ ~ sʲ/ |
Š š /ʃ/ |
T t /t/ |
T́ t́ /c ~ tʲ/ |
U u /u/ |
Ų ų /u ~ ow/ |
V v /v/ |
W w /w ~ v/ |
X x /ks ~ x/ |
Y y /ɪ ~ ɨ/ |
Z z /z/ |
Ź ź /zʲ ~ ʑ/ |
Ž ž /ʒ/ |
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Note: Diphthongs DŽ, LJ, NJ are used only in all-caps text. If in regular sentence, then Cap-Miniscule versions Dž, Lj, Nj are used |
Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A | Å | B | C | Ć | Č | D | D́ | Đ | Dž | E | Ė | Ę | Ě | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | Ĺ | Lj | M | N | Ń | Nj | O | Ȯ | P | Q | R | Ŕ | S | Ś | Š | T | T́ | U | Ų | V | W | X | Y | Z | Ź | Ž |
Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a | å | b | c | ć | č | d | d́ | đ | dž | e | ė | ę | ě | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | ĺ | lj | m | n | ń | nj | o | ȯ | p | q | r | ŕ | s | ś | š | t | t́ | u | ų | v | w | x | y | z | ź | ž |
International Phonetic Alphabet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a | ɒ | b | t͡s | t͡ɕ | t͡ʃ | d | ɟ | d͡ʑ | d͡ʒ | ɛ | ɛ̃ | æ | ʲe | f | ɡ | x | i | j | k | l | ɫ | ʎ | m | n | ɲ | ɔ | ɔ̃ | p | k͡v | r | rʲ | s | ɕ | ʃ | t | c | u | o͡w | v | k͡s | ɨ | z | ʑ | ʒ |
Cyrillic etymological:
А а /a ~ ɑ/ |
Ӑ ӑ /ɒ/ |
Б б /b/ |
В в /v/ |
Г г /ɡ/ |
Д д /d/ |
Дь дь /dʲ ~ ɟ/ |
Ђ ђ /dʑ/ |
E e /ɛ ~ e/ |
Ё ё /jɔ ~ jo/ |
Ж ж /ʒ/ |
З з /z/ |
Зь зь /zʲ ~ ʑ/ |
И и /i ~ ɪ/ |
Ј ј /j/ |
К к /k/ |
Л л /l/ |
Ль ль /ɫ/ |
Љ љ /ʎ/ |
М м /m/ |
Н н /n/ |
Нь нь /nʲ ~ ɲ/ |
Њ њ /ɲ/ |
О о /ɔ ~ o/ |
П п /p/ |
Р р /r/ |
Рь рь /rʲ ~ r̝/ |
С с /s/ |
Сь сь /ɕ ~ sʲ/ |
Т т /t/ |
Ть ть /c ~ tʲ/ |
Ћ ћ /tɕ/ |
Y y /u/ |
Ф ф /f/ |
Х х /x/ |
Ц ц /ts/ |
Ч ч /tʃ/ |
Џ џ /dʒ/ |
Ш ш /ʃ/ |
Щ щ /ʃtʃ/ |
Ъ ъ /ə ~ ɔ̃/ |
Ы ы /ɪ ~ ɨ/ |
Ѣ ѣ /ʲɛ ~ ʲe/ |
Ꙗ ꙗ /ja ~ je/ |
Ю ю /ju/ |
Я я /ja/ |
Ѫ ѫ /u ~ ow/ |
Ѭ ѭ /jow/ |
Ѧ ѧ /æ/ |
Ѩ ѩ /jæ/ |
Note: Letters with softening can be written with a majuscule soft sign (ь): ДЬ, ЗЬ, ЛЬ, НЬ, РЬ, СЬ, ТЬ |
Another Cyrillic characters: Ґ ґ, Ѓ ѓ, Є є, Ѥ ѥ, З́ з́, С́ с́, Ќ ќ, Э э, Ꙛ ꙛ, Ꙙ ꙙ, Ꙝ ꙝ, Ꙋ ꙋ, Ѳ ѳ, Ѵ ѵ
Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
А | Ӑ | Б | В | Г | Д | Дь | Ђ | E | Ё | Ж | З | Зь | И | Ј | К | Л | Ль | Љ | М | Н | Нь | Њ | О | П | Р | Рь | С | Сь | Т | Ть | Ћ | Y | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Џ | Ш | Щ | Ъ | Ы | Ѣ | Ꙗ | Ю | Я | Ѫ | Ѭ | Ѧ | Ѩ |
Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
а | ӑ | б | в | г | д | дь | ђ | e | ё | ж | з | зь | и | ј | к | л | ль | љ | м | н | нь | њ | о | п | р | рь | с | сь | т | ть | ћ | y | ф | х | ц | ч | џ | ш | щ | ъ | ы | ѣ | ꙗ | ю | я | ѫ | ѭ | ѧ | ѩ |
International Phonetic Alphabet | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
а | ɒ | b | c | g | d | ɟ | d͡ʑ | ɛ | jɔ | ʒ | z | ʑ | i | ј | k | l | ɫ | ʎ | m | n | ɲ | ɔ | p | r | rʲ | s | ɕ | t | c | t͡ɕ | u | f | x | t͡s | t͡ʃ | d͡ʒ | ʃ | ʃt͡ʃ | ɔ̃ | ɨ | ʲe | ja | ju | ja | o͡w | jo͡w | æ | jæ |
Glagolitic etymological:
Ⰰ ⰰ /a ~ ɑ/ |
Ⰱ ⰱ /b/ |
Ⰲ ⰲ /v/ |
Ⰳ ⰳ /ɡ/ |
Ⰴ ⰴ /d/ |
Ⰴⱐ ⰴⱐ /dʲ ~ ɟ/ |
Ⰴⰶ ⰴⰶ /dʒ/ |
Ⰵ ⰵ /ɛ ~ e/ |
Ⰶ ⰶ /ʒ/ |
Ⰷ ⰷ /dz/ |
Ⰸ ⰸ /z/ |
Ⰸⱐ ⰸⱐ /zʲ ~ ʑ/ |
Ⰹ ⰹ /j/ |
Ⰺ ⰺ /j/ |
Ⰻ ⰻ /i ~ ɪ/ |
Ⰼ ⰼ /dʑ/ |
Ⰽ ⰽ /k/ |
Ⰾ ⰾ /l/ |
Ⰾⱐ ⰾⱐ /ɫ/ |
ⰎⰬ ⰾⱜ /ʎ/ |
Ⰿ ⰿ /m/ |
Ⱀ ⱀ /n/ |
Ⱀⱐ ⱀⱐ /nʲ ~ ɲ/ |
ⰐⰬ ⱀⱜ /ɲ/ |
Ⱁ ⱁ /ɔ ~ o/ |
Ⱂ ⱂ /p/ |
Ⱃ ⱃ /r/ |
Ⱃⱐ ⱃⱐ /rʲ ~ r̝/ |
Ⱄ ⱄ /s/ |
Ⱄⱐ ⱄⱐ /ɕ ~ sʲ/ |
Ⱅ ⱅ /t/ |
Ⱅⱐ ⱅⱐ /c ~ tʲ/ |
Ⱆ ⱆ /u/ |
Ⱇ ⱇ /f/ |
Ⱈ ⱈ /x/ |
Ⱋ ⱋ /ʃtʃ/ |
Ⱌ ⱌ /ts/ |
Ⱌⱐ ⱌⱐ /tɕ/ |
Ⱍ ⱍ /tʃ/ |
Ⱎ ⱎ /ʃ/ |
Ⱏ ⱏ /ə ~ ɔ̃/ |
Ⱏⰺ ⱏⰺ /ɪ ~ ɨ/ |
Ⱑ ⱑ /ʲɛ ~ ja/ |
Ⱓ ⱓ /ju/ |
Ⱒ ⱒ /ɦ/ |
Ⱔ ⱔ /æ/ |
Ⱖ ⱖ /jɔ ~ jo/ |
Ⱗ ⱗ /jæ/ |
Ⱘ ⱘ /u ~ ow/ |
Ⱙ ⱙ /jow/ |
Note: Letter Izhe has two variants: Ⰺⰺ and Ⰹⰹ. Ⰺ is used as a initial letter in the word (or in combination ⰟⰊ), while Ⰹ is used for the rest of positions. Letters with softening can be written with a majuscule soft sign (ⱐ): ⰄⰠ, ⰈⰠ, ⰎⰠ, ⰐⰠ, ⰓⰠ, ⰔⰠ, ⰕⰠ and a majuscule versions of ⰟⰊ/ⰄⰆ can be written as Ⱏⰺ/Ⰴⰶ |
Another Glagolitic characters: Ⱉ ⱉ, Ⱊ ⱊ, Ⱕ ⱕ, Ⱚ ⱚ, Ⱛ ⱛ, Ⱝ ⱝ, Ⱞ ⱞ
Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ⰰ | Ⰱ | Ⰲ | Ⰳ | Ⰴ | Ⰴⱐ | Ⰴⰶ | Ⰵ | Ⰶ | Ⰷ | Ⰸ | Ⰸⱐ | Ⰹ | Ⰺ | Ⰻ | Ⰼ | Ⰽ | Ⰾ | Ⰾⱐ | ⰎⰬ | Ⰿ | Ⱀ | Ⱀⱐ | ⰐⰬ | Ⱁ | Ⱂ | Ⱃ | Ⱃⱐ | Ⱄ | Ⱄⱐ | Ⱅ | Ⱅⱐ | Ⱆ | Ⱇ | Ⱈ | Ⱋ | Ⱌ | Ⱌⱐ | Ⱍ | Ⱎ | Ⱏ | Ⱏⰺ | Ⱑ | Ⱒ | Ⱓ | Ⱔ | Ⱖ | Ⱗ | Ⱘ | Ⱙ | |||||||||
Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ⰰ | ⰱ | ⰲ | ⰳ | ⰴ | ⰴⱐ | ⰴⰶ | ⰵ | ⰶ | ⰷ | ⰸ | ⰸⱐ | ⰹ | ⰺ | ⰻ | ⰼ | ⰽ | ⰾ | ⰾⱐ | ⰾⱜ | ⰿ | ⱀ | ⱀⱐ | ⱀⱜ | ⱁ | ⱂ | ⱃ | ⱃⱐ | ⱄ | ⱄⱐ | ⱅ | ⱅⱐ | ⱆ | ⱇ | ⱈ | ⱋ | ⱌ | ⱌⱐ | ⱍ | ⱎ | ⱏ | ⱏⰺ | ⱑ | ⱒ | ⱓ | ⱔ | ⱖ | ⱗ | ⱘ | ⱙ | |||||||||
International Phonetic Alphabet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a | b | v | ɡ | d | ɟ | d͡ʒ | ɛ | ʒ | d͡z | z | ʑ | j | i | d͡ʑ | k | l | ɫ | ʎ | m | n | ɲ | ɔ | p | r | rʲ | s | ɕ | t | c | o | f | x | ʃt͡ʃ | t͡s | t͡ɕ | t͡ʃ | ʃ | ɔ̃ | ɨ | ʲɛ ja |
h ɦ |
ju | æ | jɔ | jæ | o͡w | jo͡w |
Table for comparison of interslavic alphabets
Complex comparison Interslavic alphabet table | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Latin | Cyrillic | Glagolitic | IPA | Usage | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mono. | Edu.+ | Educ. | North | Etym. | Stand. | Slovio | Diph. | Etym. | Stand. | Slovio | Etym. | Stand. | ||||||||||||||||
ㅤ | A | a | A | a | A | a | A | a | A | a | A | a | A | a | А | а | А | а | А | а | А | а | Ⰰ | ⰰ | Ⰰ | ⰰ | a ~ ɑ | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | Á | á | Á | á | Á | á | aː ~ ɑː | Ending for adjectives | ||||||||||||||||||||
ㅤ | Å | å | Å | å | Å | å | Å | å | Å | å | Ӑ | ӑ | Ӑ | ӑ | ɒ | For symbols different via TorT and TolT sequences | ||||||||||||
ㅤ | B | b | B | b | B | b | B | b | B | b | B | b | B | b | Б | б | Б | б | Б | б | Б | б | Ⰱ | ⰱ | Ⰱ | ⰱ | b | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | C | c | C | c | C | c | C | c | C | c | C | c | C | c | Ц | ц | Ц | ц | Ц | ц | Ц | ц | Ⱌ | ⱌ | Ⱌ | ⱌ | t͡s | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | Ç | ç | Ç | ç | Ç | ç | t͡s | For letter C before V, followed by a front vowel, which is replaced by West Slavic languages by K | ||||||||||||||||||||
ㅤ | Ć | ć | Ć | ć | Ć | ć | Ć | ć | Ć | ć | Č | č | CX | cx | Ћ | ћ | Ћ | ћ | Ч | ч | Ч | ч | Ⱌⱐ | ⱌⱐ | Ⱍ | ⱍ | t͡ɕ | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | Č | č | Č | č | Č | č | Č | č | Č | č | Ч | ч | Ч | ч | Ⱍ | ⱍ | t͡ʃ | Universal phonology and ortography | ||||||||||
ㅤ | D | d | D | d | D | d | D | d | D | d | D | d | D | d | Д | д | Д | д | Д | д | Д | д | Ⰴ | ⰴ | Ⰴ | ⰴ | d | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | D́ | d́ | D́ | d́ | D́ | d́ | D́ | d́ | D́ | d́ | Дь | дь | Дь | дь | Ⰴⱐ | ⰴⱐ | dʲ ~ ɟ | Universal phonology and ortography | ||||||||||
ㅤ | Ʒ | ʒ | Dz | dz | Dz | dz | Dz | dz | Dz | dz | Dz | dz | Dz | dz | Ѕ | ѕ | ДЗ | ДЗ | ДЗ | ДЗ | ДЗ | ДЗ | Ⰷ | ⰷ | Ⰴⰸ | ⰴⰸ | d͡z | In absolute most cases not used |
ㅤ | Ǯ | ǯ | Dž | dž | Dž | dž | Dž | dž | Dž | dž | Dž | dž | GX | gx | Џ | џ | Џ | џ | ДЖ | дж | ДЖ | дж | Ⰴⰶ | ⰴⰶ | Ⰴⰶ | ⰴⰶ | d͡ʑ | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | Đ | đ | Đ | đ | Đ | đ | Đ | đ | Đ | đ | Ђ | ђ | Ђ | ђ | Ⰼ | ⰼ | d͡ʒ | Universal phonology and ortography | ||||||||||
ㅤ | Ḓ | ḓ | Ḓ | ḓ | Ḓ | ḓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Silent | For vanished D consonant before of L, which is preserved in West Slavic languages | ||||||||||
ㅤ | E | e | E | e | E | e | E | e | E | e | E | e | E | e | Е | е | Е | е | Е | е | Е | е | Ⰵ | ⰵ | Ⰵ | ⰵ | ɛ ~ e | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | É | é | É | é | É | é | ɛː ~ eː | Ending for adjectives | ||||||||||||||||||||
ㅤ | Ė | ė | Ė | ė | Ė | ė | ɜ | Strong Front Yer according to Havlík's law | ||||||||||||||||||||
ㅤ | È | è | È | è | È | è | Ė | ė | Ė | ė | Ⱐ | ⱐ | ɛ̃ ~ ə | For E in liquid sequences | ||||||||||||||
ㅤ | Ę | ę | Ę | ę | Ę | ę | Ę | ę | Ę | ę | Ѧ | ѧ | Ѧ | ѧ | Ⱔ | ⱔ | æ | Matches Little Yus (Ѧ) (Nasal vowel) | ||||||||||
ㅤ | Ě | ě | Ě | ě | Ě | ě | Ě | ě | Ě | ě | Ě | ě | Ѣ | ѣ | Ѣ | ѣ | Є | є | Ⱑ | ⱑ | Ⱑ | ⱑ | ʲɛ ~ ʲe | Universal phonology and ortography | ||||
ㅤ | Ę̌ | ę̌ | Ję | ję | Ję | ję | Ję | ję | Ję | ję | Ѩ | ѩ | Јѧ | јѧ | Ⱗ | ⱗ | ʲæ ~ jæ | Universal phonology and ortography (based on Ę) | ||||||||||
ㅤ | F | f | F | f | F | f | F | f | F | f | F | f | F | f | Ф | ф | Ф | ф | Ф | ф | Ф | ф | Ⱇ | ⱇ | Ⱇ | ⱇ | f | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | G | g | G | g | G | g | G | g | G | g | G | g | G | g | Г | г | Г | г | Г | г | Г | г | Ⰳ | ⰳ | Ⰳ | ⰳ | ɡ | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | Ĝ | ĝ | Ĝ | ĝ | ɡ | For non-slavic G, which is as G in H-Slavic languages | ||||||||||||||||||||||
ㅤ | H | h | H | h | H | h | H | h | H | h | H | h | H | h | Х | х | Х | х | Х | х | Х | х | Ⱈ | ⱈ | Ⱈ | ⱈ | x | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | Ĥ | ĥ | Ĥ | ĥ | h ~ ɦ | For non-slavic H, which is as Х/Ch in G-Slavic languages | ||||||||||||||||||||||
ㅤ | İ | i | İ | i | İ | i | I | i | I | i | I | i | I | i | И | и | И | и | И | и | И | и | Ⰻ | ⰻ | Ⰻ | ⰻ | i ~ ɪ | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | Í | í | Í | í | Í | í | iː ~ ɪː | Ending for adjectives | ||||||||||||||||||||
ㅤ | Ì | ì | Ì | ì | Ì | ì | iˤ ~ ɪˤ | For infinite endings of Verbs | ||||||||||||||||||||
ㅤ | I | ı | I | ı | I | ı | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Silent | Matches Tense Yer (Ь) with an adjacent j | ||||||||||
ㅤ | J | j | J | j | J | j | J | j | J | j | J | j | J | j | Ј | ј | Ј | ј | Ј | ј | Ј | ј | Ⰺ Ⰹ |
ⰺ ⰹ |
Ⰺ Ⰹ |
ⰺ ⰹ |
j | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | Ĵ | ĵ | Ĵ | ĵ | Ĵ | ĵ | j | For cases, where most Slavic languages have contraction -aje- → -a- | ||||||||||||||||||||
ㅤ | Ǎ | ǎ | Ja | ja | Ja | ja | Ja | ja | Ja | ja | Ja | ja | Ja | ja | Я | я | Ја | ја | Ја | ја | Ја | ја | Ⱑ | ⱑ | Ⱜⰰ | ⱜⰰ | j͡a ~ j͡ɑ | Universal phonology and ortography (but can be considered a set of two characters) |
ㅤ | Ë | ë | Jo | jo | Jo | jo | Jo | jo | Jo | jo | Jo | jo | Jo | jo | Ё | ё | Јо | јо | Јо | јо | Јо | јо | Ⱖ | ⱖ | Ⱜⱁ | ⱜⱁ | j͡ɔ ~ j͡o | Universal phonology and ortography (but can be considered a set of two characters) |
ㅤ | Ǔ | ǔ | Ju | ju | Ju | ju | Ju | ju | Ju | ju | Ju | ju | Ju | ju | Ю | ю | Ју | ју | Ју | ју | Ју | ју | Ⱓ | ⱓ | Ⱜⱆ | ⱜⱆ | j͡u | Universal phonology and ortography (but can be considered a set of two characters) |
ㅤ | Ų̌ | ų̌ | Jų | jų | Jų | jų | Jų | jų | Jų | jų | Ѭ | ѭ | Јѫ | јѫ | Ⱙ | ⱙ | jo͡w | Universal phonology and ortography (based on Ų, can be considered a set of two characters) | ||||||||||
ㅤ | K | k | K | k | K | k | K | k | K | k | K | k | K | k | К | к | К | к | К | к | К | к | Ⰽ | ⰽ | Ⰽ | ⰽ | k | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | L | l | L | l | L | l | L | l | L | l | L | l | L | l | Л | л | Л | л | Л | л | Л | л | Ⰾ | ⰾ | Ⰾ | ⰾ | l | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | Ŀ | ŀ | Ŀ | ŀ | Ŀ | ŀ | l̩ | For hard syllabic liquid L | ||||||||||||||||||||
ㅤ | Ĺ | ĺ | Ĺ | ĺ | Ĺ | ĺ | l̩ | For solf syllabic liquid L | ||||||||||||||||||||
ㅤ | Ł | ł | Ľ | ľ | Ľ | ľ | Ľ | ľ | Ĺ | ĺ | Ль | ль | Ль | ль | Ⰾⱐ | ⰾⱐ | ɫ | Universal phonology and ortography | ||||||||||
ㅤ | Ľ | ľ | Lj | lj | Lj | lj | Ľ | ľ | Lj | lj | Lj | lj | Lj | lj | Љ | љ | Љ | љ | Љ | љ | Ль | ль | ⰎⰬ | ⰾⱜ | ⰎⰬ | ⰾⱜ | ʎ | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | M | m | M | m | M | m | M | m | M | m | M | m | M | m | М | м | М | м | М | м | М | м | Ⰿ | ⰿ | Ⰿ | ⰿ | m | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | N | n | N | n | N | n | N | n | N | n | N | n | N | n | Н | н | Н | н | Н | н | Н | н | Ⱀ | ⱀ | Ⱀ | ⱀ | n | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | Ń | ń | Ń | ń | Ń | ń | Ń | ń | Ń | ń | Нь | нь | Нь | нь | Ⱀⱐ | ⱀⱐ | ɲ | Universal phonology and ortography | ||||||||||
ㅤ | Ň | ň | Nj | nj | Nj | nj | Ň | ň | Nj | nj | Nj | nj | Nj | nj | Њ | њ | Њ | њ | Њ | њ | НЬ | нь | ⰐⰬ | ⱀⱜ | ⰐⰬ | ⱀⱜ | ɲ | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | O | o | O | o | O | o | O | o | O | o | O | o | O | o | O | o | O | o | O | o | O | o | Ⱁ | ⱁ | Ⱁ | ⱁ | ɔ ~ o | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | Œ | œ | Œ | œ | Œ | œ | ɔ ~ œ | Ending for adjectives, where some languages have E and other have O | ||||||||||||||||||||
ㅤ | Ò | ò | Ò | ò | Ò | ò | Ȯ | ȯ | Ȯ | ȯ | Ъ | ъ | Ъ | ъ | Ⱏ | ⱏ | ɔ̃ ~ ə | Strong Back Yer according to Havlík's law | ||||||||||
ㅤ | P | p | P | p | P | p | P | p | P | p | P | p | P | p | П | п | П | п | П | п | П | п | Ⱂ | ⱂ | Ⱂ | ⱂ | p | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | R | r | R | r | R | r | R | r | R | r | R | r | R | r | Р | р | Р | р | Р | р | Р | р | Ⱃ | ⱃ | Ⱃ | ⱃ | r | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | Ṙ | ṙ | Ṙ | ṙ | Ṙ | ṙ | r̩ | For hard syllabic liquid R | ||||||||||||||||||||
ㅤ | Ŕ | ŕ | Ŕ | ŕ | Ŕ | ŕ | Ŕ | ŕ | Ŕ | ŕ | Рь | рь | Рь | рь | Ⱃⱐ | ⱃⱐ | r | For solf syllabic liquid R | ||||||||||
ㅤ | Ř | ř | Ř | ř | Ř | ř | rʲ ~ r̝ | Universal phonology and ortography | ||||||||||||||||||||
ㅤ | S | s | S | s | S | s | S | s | S | s | S | s | S | s | С | с | С | с | С | с | С | с | Ⱄ | ⱄ | Ⱄ | ⱄ | s | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | Ś | ś | Ś | ś | Ś | ś | Ś | ś | Ś | ś | Сь | сь | Сь | сь | Ⱄⱐ | ⱄⱐ | sʲ | Universal phonology and ortography | ||||||||||
ㅤ | Š | š | Š | š | Š | š | Š | š | Š | š | Š | š | SX | sx | Ш | ш | Ш | ш | Ш | ш | Ш | ш | Ⱎ | ⱎ | Ⱎ | ⱎ | ʃ | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | Ŝ | ŝ | Šč | šč | Šč | šč | Šč | šč | Šč | šč | Šč | šč | SCX | scx | Щ | щ | Шч | шч | Шч | шч | Шч | шч | Ⱋ | ⱋ | Ⱎⱍ | ⱎⱍ | ʃ͡ʧ | Universal phonology and ortography (but can be considered a set of two characters) |
ㅤ | T | t | T | t | T | t | T | t | T | t | T | t | T | t | Т | т | Т | т | Т | т | Т | т | Ⱅ | ⱅ | Ⱅ | ⱅ | t | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | T́ | t́ | T́ | t́ | T́ | t́ | T́ | t́ | T́ | t́ | Ть | ть | Ть | ть | Ⱅⱐ | ⱅⱐ | c ~ tʲ | Universal phonology and ortography | ||||||||||
ㅤ | Ṱ | ṱ | Ṱ | ṱ | Ṱ | ṱ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Silent | For vanished T consonant before of L, which is preserved in West Slavic languages | ||||||||||
ㅤ | U | u | U | u | U | u | U | u | U | u | U | u | U | u | У | у | У | у | У | у | У | у | Ⱆ | ⱆ | Ⱆ | ⱆ | u | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | Ų | ų | Ų | ų | Ų | ų | Ų | ų | Ų | ų | Ѫ | ѫ | Ѫ | ѫ | Ⱘ | ⱘ | u ~ o͡w | Matches Big Yus (Ѫ) (Nasal vowel) | ||||||||||
ㅤ | Ù | ù | Ù | ù | Ù | ù | V | v | V | v | V | v | V | v | В | в | В | в | В | в | В | в | Ⰲ | ⰲ | Ⰲ | ⰲ | ʋ | For non-Slavic origin words with diphthongs au/eu → aù/eù |
ㅤ | V | v | V | v | V | v | v | Universal phonology and ortography | ||||||||||||||||||||
ㅤ | Y | y | Y | y | Y | y | Y | y | Y | y | Y | y | Y | y | Ы | ы | Ы | ы | Ы | ы | Ы | ы | Ⱏⰺ | ⱏⰺ | Ⱏⰺ | ⱏⰺ | ɪ ~ ɨ | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | Ý | ý | Ý | ý | Ý | ý | ɪː ~ ɨː | Ending for adjectives | ||||||||||||||||||||
ㅤ | Z | z | Z | z | Z | z | Z | z | Z | z | Z | z | Z | z | З | з | З | з | З | з | З | з | Ⰸ | ⰸ | Ⰸ | ⰸ | z | Universal phonology and ortography |
ㅤ | Z̨ | z̨ | Ʒ | ʒ | Ʒ | ʒ | z | For letter Z before V, followed by a front vowel, which is replaced by West Slavic languages by G | ||||||||||||||||||||
ㅤ | Ź | ź | Ź | ź | Ź | ź | Ź | ź | Ź | ź | Зь | зь | Зь | зь | Ⰸⱐ | ⰸⱐ | zʲ | Universal phonology and ortography | ||||||||||
ㅤ | Ž | ž | Ž | ž | Ž | ž | Ž | ž | Ž | ž | Ž | ž | ZX | zx | Ж | ж | Ж | ж | Ж | ж | Ж | ж | Ⰶ | ⰶ | Ⰶ | ⰶ | ʒ | Universal phonology and ortography |
Simplified comparison Interslavic alphabet table | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lat. | E | A | Å | Ja | B | C | Ć | Č | D | D́ | Dz | Đ | Dž | E | Ė | Ę | Ě | Ję | Jo | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | Ĺ | Lj | M | N | Ń | Nj | O | Ȯ | P | Q | R | Ŕ | S | Ś | Š | Šč | T | T́ | U | Ų | Ju | Jų | V | W | X | Y | Z | Ź | Ž | |
S | A | Ja | B | C | Č | D | Dz | Dž | E | Ě | Je | Jo | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | Lj | M | N | Nj | O | P | Q | R | S | Š | Šč | T | U | Ju | V | W | X | Y | Z | Ž | |||||||||||||||||
Cyr. | D | А | Ӑ | Я | Б | Ц | Ћ | Ч | Д | Дь | Ѕ | Ђ | Џ | Е | Ѧ | Ѣ | Ѩ | Ё | Ф | Г | Х | И | Ј | К | Л | Ль | Љ | М | Н | Нь | Њ | О | Ъ | П | Кв | Р | Рь | С | Сь | Ш | Щ | Т | Ть | У | Ѫ | Ю | Ѭ | В | — | Кс | Ы | З | Зь | Ж | ||
E | А | Ӑ | Ја | Б | Ц | Ћ | Ч | Д | Дь | Ѕ | Ђ | Џ | Е | Ѧ | Ѣ | Јѧ | Јо | Ф | Г | Х | И | Ј | К | Л | Ль | Љ | М | Н | Нь | Њ | О | Ъ | П | Кв | Р | Рь | С | Сь | Ш | Шч | Т | Ть | У | Ѫ | Ју | Јѫ | В | — | Кс | Ы | З | Зь | Ж | |||
S | А | Ја | Б | Ц | Ч | Д | Дз | Дж | Е | Є | Је | Јо | Ф | Г | Х | И | Ј | К | Л | Љ | М | Н | Њ | О | Ъ | П | Кв | Р | С | Ш | Шч | Т | У | Ју | В | — | Кс | Ы | З | Ж | ||||||||||||||||
Gla. | E | Ⰰ | Ⱑ | Ⰱ | Ⱌ | Ⱌⱐ | Ⱍ | Ⰴ | Ⰴⱐ | Ⰷ | Ⰼ | Ⰴⰶ | Ⰵ | Ⱔ | Ⱑ | Ⱗ | Ⱖ | Ⱇ | Ⰳ | Ⱈ | Ⰻ | Ⰺ | Ⰹ | Ⰽ | Ⰾ | Ⰾⱐ | ⰎⰬ | Ⰿ | Ⱀ | Ⱀⱐ | ⰐⰬ | Ⱁ | Ⱏ | Ⱂ | Ⰽⰲ | Ⱃ | Ⱃⱐ | Ⱄ | Ⱄⱐ | Ⱎ | Ⱋ | Ⱅ | Ⱅⱐ | Ⱆ | Ⱘ | Ⱓ | Ⱙ | Ⰲ | — | Ⰽⱄ | Ⱏⰺ | Ⰸ | Ⰸⱐ | Ⰶ | ||
S | Ⰰ | ⰬⰀ | Ⰱ | Ⱌ | Ⱍ | Ⰴ | Ⰴⰸ | Ⰴⰶ | Ⰵ | Ⱑ | ⰬⰅ | ⰬⰑ | Ⱇ | Ⰳ | Ⱈ | Ⰻ | Ⰺ | Ⰹ | Ⰽ | Ⰾ | ⰎⰬ | Ⰿ | Ⱀ | ⰐⰬ | Ⱁ | Ⱏ | Ⱂ | Ⰽⰲ | Ⱃ | Ⱄ | Ⱎ | Ⱎⱍ | Ⱅ | Ⱆ | ⰬⰖ | Ⰲ | — | Ⰽⱄ | Ⱏⰺ | Ⰸ | Ⰶ | |||||||||||||||
Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lat. | E | a | å | ja | b | c | ć | č | d | d́ | dz | đ | dž | e | ė | ę | ě | ję | jo | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | ĺ | lj | m | n | ń | nj | o | ȯ | p | q | r | ŕ | s | ś | š | šč | t | t́ | u | ų | ju | jų | v | w | x | y | z | ź | ž | |
S | a | ja | b | c | č | d | dz | dž | e | ě | je | jo | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | lj | m | n | nj | o | p | q | r | s | š | šč | t | u | ju | v | w | x | y | z | ž | |||||||||||||||||
Cyr. | D | а | ӑ | я | б | ц | ћ | ч | д | дь | ѕ | ђ | џ | е | ѧ | ѣ | ѩ | ё | ф | г | х | и | ј | к | л | ль | љ | м | н | нь | њ | о | ъ | п | кв | р | рь | с | сь | ш | щ | т | ть | у | ѫ | ю | ѭ | в | — | кс | ы | з | зь | ж | ||
E | а | ӑ | ја | б | ц | ћ | ч | д | дь | ѕ | ђ | џ | е | ѧ | ѣ | јѧ | јо | ф | г | х | и | ј | к | л | ль | љ | м | н | нь | њ | о | ъ | п | кв | р | рь | с | сь | ш | шч | т | ть | у | ѫ | ју | јѫ | в | — | кс | ы | з | зь | ж | |||
S | а | ја | б | ц | ч | д | дз | дж | е | є | је | јо | ф | г | х | и | ј | к | л | љ | м | н | њ | о | ъ | п | кв | р | с | ш | шч | т | у | ју | в | — | кс | ы | з | ж | ||||||||||||||||
Gla. | E | ⰰ | ⱑ | ⰱ | ⱌ | ⱌⱐ | ⱍ | ⰴ | ⰴⱐ | ⰷ | ⰼ | ⰴⰶ | ⰵ | ⱔ | ⱑ | ⱗ | ⱖ | ⱇ | ⰳ | ⱈ | ⰻ | ⰺ | ⰹ | ⰽ | ⰾ | ⰾⱐ | ⰾⱜ | ⰿ | ⱀ | ⱀⱐ | ⱀⱜ | ⱁ | ⱏ | ⱂ | ⰽⰲ | ⱃ | ⱃⱐ | ⱄ | ⱄⱐ | ⱎ | ⱋ | ⱅ | ⱅⱐ | ⱆ | ⱘ | ⱓ | ⱙ | ⰲ | — | ⰽⱄ | ⱏⰺ | ⰸ | ⰸⱐ | ⰶ | ||
S | ⰰ | ⱜⰰ | ⰱ | ⱌ | ⱍ | ⰴ | ⰴⰸ | ⰴⰶ | ⰵ | ⱑ | ⱜⰵ | ⱜⱁ | ⱇ | ⰳ | ⱈ | ⰻ | ⰺ | ⰹ | ⰽ | ⰾ | ⰾⱜ | ⰿ | ⱀ | ⱀⱜ | ⱁ | ⱏ | ⱂ | ⰽⰲ | ⱃ | ⱄ | ⱎ | ⱎⱍ | ⱅ | ⱆ | ⱜⱆ | ⰲ | — | ⰽⱄ | ⱏⰺ | ⰸ | ⰶ | |||||||||||||||
International Phonetic Alphabet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
IPA | a ɑ |
ɒ | ja | b | t͡s | t͡ɕ | t͡ʃ | d | ɟ | d͡z | d͡ʑ | d͡ʒ | ɛ e |
ə ɛ̃ |
æ | ʲɛ ʲe |
jə | jɔ | f | g | x | i | j | k | l | ɫ | ʎ | m | n | ɲ | ɔ o |
ə ɔ̃ |
p | k͡v | r | rʲ | s | ɕ | ʃ | ʃt͡ʃ | t | c | u | o͡w | ju | jo͡w | v | w v |
k͡s | ɪ ɨ |
z | ʑ | ʒ |
Original Volapük table
A a /a ~ ɑ/ |
Å å /ɒ/ |
Ꞛ ꞛ / Ä ä /ɛ ~ æ/ |
B b /b/ |
C c /tʃ ~ dʒ/ |
Ƈ ƈ /tʃ/ |
D d /d/ |
E e /e/ |
F f /f/ |
G g /g/ |
H h /h/ |
Ħ ħ /θ ~ ð/ |
I i /i/ |
J j /ʃ ~ ʒ/ |
K k /k/ |
L l /l/ |
ȷ /j/ |
M m /m/ |
m̂ /◌̃/ |
N n /n/ |
n̂ /◌̃/ |
ᶇ /ŋ/ |
O o /o ~ ɔ/ |
Ꞝ ꞝ / Ö ö /ø/ |
P p /p/ |
Q q /q/ |
R r /ʀ/ |
rr /r/ |
S s /z/ |
ʃ /ʒ/ |
ſ /s/ |
T t /t/ |
U u /u/ |
Ꞟ ꞟ / Ü ü /y/ |
V v /v/ |
W w /w/ |
X x /ks/ |
Y y /j/ |
Z z /ts ~ dz/ |
Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A | Å | Ꞛ | Ä | B | C | Ƈ | D | E | F | G | H | Ħ | I | J | K | L | M | N | — | O | Ꞝ | Ö | P | Q | R | S | T | U | Ꞟ | Ü | V | W | X | Y | Z | ||||||
Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a | å | ꞛ | ä | b | c | ƈ | d | e | f | g | h | ħ | i | j | k | l | ȷ | m | m̂ | n | n̂ | ᶇ | o | ꞝ | ö | p | q | r | rr | s | ʃ | ſ | t | u | ꞟ | ü | v | w | x | y | z |
International Phonetic Alphabet | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a ɑ |
ɒ | ɛ æ |
b | d͡ʒ | t͡ʃ | d | e | f | g | h | θ ð |
i | j | k | l | j | m | ◌̃ | n | ◌̃ | ŋ | o | ø | p | k͡v | ʀ | r | z | ʒ | s | t | u | y | v | w | k͡s | j | t͡s d͡z | |||
a ɑ |
ɛ æ |
b | t͡ʃ d͡ʒ |
d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | ø | p | k͡v | r | z ~ s | t | u | y | v | w | k͡s | j | t͡s d͡z |
Changes into Umlauts
Ꞛ ꞛ ; Ä ä
Ꞛ ꞛ ; Ä ä
Ꞛ ꞛ ; Ä ä
Ꞝ ꞝ ; Ö ö
Ꞝ ꞝ ; Ö ö
Ꞝ ꞝ ; Ö ö
Ꞟ ꞟ ; Ü ü
Ꞟ ꞟ ; Ü ü
Ꞟ ꞟ ; Ü ü
Letters Ꞛ, Ꞝ and Ꞟ were later changed and are written as Ä, Ö and Ü.
- Ꞛ was changed into Ä, phonetically /ɛ ~ æ/
- Ꞝ was changed into Ö, phonetically /ø/
- Ꞟ was changed into Ü, phonetically /y/
Esperanto table
A a /a/ |
B b /b/ |
C c /ts/ |
Ĉ ĉ /tʃ/ |
D d /d/ |
E e /e/ |
F f /f/ |
G g /g/ |
Ĝ ĝ /dʒ/ |
H h /h/ |
Ĥ ĥ /x/ |
I i /i/ |
J j /j/ |
Ĵ ĵ /ʒ/ |
K k /k/ |
L l /l/ |
M m /m/ |
N n /n/ |
O o /o/ |
P p /p/ |
Q q /q/ |
R r /r/ |
S s /s/ |
Ŝ ŝ /ʃ/ |
T t /t/ |
U u /u/ |
Ŭ ŭ /w/ |
V v /v/ |
W w /w/ |
X x /ks/ |
Y y /j/ |
Z z /z/ |
Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
E | A | B | C | Ĉ | D | E | F | G | Ĝ | H | Ĥ | I | J | Ĵ | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | Ŝ | T | U | Ŭ | V | W | X | Y | Z |
2 | A | B | C | Ch | D | E | F | G | J | H | Kh | I | Y | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | Sh | T | U | W | V | — | X | — | Z |
A | A | B | Tz | Ch | D | E | Ph | G | Gh | H | Qh | I | Y | Zh | K | L | M | N | O | P | — | R | S | Sh | T | U | Ù | — | W | X | — | Z |
I | A | B | C | Ch | D | E | F | G | J | H | — | I | Y | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Qu | R | S | Sh | T | U | W | V | — | X | — | Z |
Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
E | a | b | c | ĉ | d | e | f | g | ĝ | h | ĥ | i | j | ĵ | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | ŝ | t | u | ŭ | v | w | x | y | z |
2 | a | b | c | ch | d | e | f | g | j | h | kh | i | y | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | ŝ | t | u | w | v | — | x | — | z |
A | a | b | tz | ch | d | e | ph | g | gh | h | qh | i | y | zh | k | l | m | n | o | p | — | r | s | sh | t | u | ù | — | w | x | — | z |
I | a | b | c | ch | d | e | ph | g | j | h | — | i | y | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | qu | r | s | sh | t | u | w | v | — | x | — | z |
International Phonetic Alphabet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
IPA | a | b | t͡s | t͡ʃ | d | e | f | g | d͡ʒ | h | x | i | j | ʒ | k | l | m | n | o | p | k͡v | r | s | ʃ | t | u | w | v | k͡s | j | z |
Lingua Franca Nova table
Latin version:
A a /a ~ ɑ/ |
B b /b/ |
C c /k/ |
D d /d/ |
E e /e ~ ɛ/ |
F f /f/ |
G g /g/ |
H h /h/ |
I i /i ~ j/ |
J j /ʒ/ |
K k /k/ |
L l /l/ |
M m /m/ |
N n /n ~ ŋ/ |
O o /o ~ ɔ/ |
P p /p/ |
Q q /kv/ |
R r /r/ |
S s /s/ |
T t /t/ |
U u /u ~ w/ |
V v /v/ |
W w /w/ |
X x /ʃ/ |
Y y /j/ |
Z z /z/ |
Cyrillic version:
А а /a ~ ɑ/ |
Б б /b/ |
В в /v/ |
Г г /g/ |
Д д /d/ |
Е е /e ~ ɛ/ |
Ж ж /ʒ/ |
З з /z/ |
И и /i/ |
Й й /j/ |
К к /k/ |
Л л /l/ |
М м /m/ |
Н н /n ~ ŋ/ |
О о /o ~ ɔ/ |
П п /p/ |
Р р /r/ |
С с /s/ |
Т т /t/ |
У у /u ~ w/ |
Ф ф /f/ |
Х х /h/ |
Ш ш /ʃ/ |
Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
L | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
C | А | Б | К | Д | Е | Ф | Г | Х | И | Й | Ж | К | Л | М | Н | О | П | Кв | Р | С | Т | У | В | — | Ш | Ы | З |
Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
L | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | |
C | а | б | к | д | е | ф | г | х | и | й | ж | к | л | м | н | о | п | кв | р | с | т | у | в | — | ш | ы | з |
International Phonetic Alphabet | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
IPA | a ɑ |
b | k | d | e ɛ |
f | g | h | i | j | ʒ | k | l | m | n ŋ |
o ɔ |
p | k͡v | r | s | t | u w |
v | w | ʃ | ɨ | z |
Original Folkspraak table
A a /a/ |
Ā ā /aː/ |
Ă ă /â/ |
 â /ǎ/ |
Ȃ ȃ /á/ |
Ä ä /ɛ/ |
Ȧ ȧ /ɪ/ |
Å å /ɔ/ |
Ạ ạ /aɪ/ |
Ḁ ḁ /aɔ/ |
à ã /a/ |
Ȁ ȁ /a/ |
Ạ̏ ạ̏ /aɪ/ |
Ḁ̏ ḁ̏ /aɔ/ |
Æ æ /æː/ |
Aw aw /aʊ/ |
B b /b/ |
Ƀ ƀ /v/ |
C c /ts/ |
D d /d/ |
Đ đ /d ~ ð/ |
E e /ɛ/ |
Ē ē /ɛː/ |
Ĕ ĕ /ɛ̌/ |
Ê ê /ɛ̂/ |
Ȇ ȇ /ɛ́/ |
Ë ë /e/ |
Ė ė /ɪ/ |
E̊ e̊ /ɔ/ |
Ẹ ẹ /ɛɪ/ |
E̥ e̥ /ɛɔ/ |
Ẽ ẽ /ɛ/ |
Ȅ ȅ /ɛ/ |
Ȅ̥ ȅ̥ /ɛɔ/ |
F f /f/ |
G g /ɡ/ |
H h /h/ |
Ħ ħ /h/ |
Ƕ ƕ /hw/ |
Ch ch /x/ |
I i /ɪ/ |
Ī ī /ɪː/ |
Ĭ ĭ /ɪ̂/ |
Î î /ɪ̌/ |
Ȋ ȋ /ɪ́/ |
Ï ï /i/ |
I̊ ı̊ /ɔ/ |
Ĩ ĩ /ɪ/ |
Ȉ ȉ /ɪ/ |
Iu iu /ɪʊ/ |
J j /j/ |
K k /k/ |
L l /l/ |
M m /m/ |
N n /n/ |
Ng ng /ŋ/ |
O o /ɔ/ |
Ō ō /ɔː/ |
Ŏ ŏ /ɔ̂/ |
Ô ô /ɔ̌/ |
Ȏ ȏ /ɔ́/ |
Ö ö /œː/ |
Ȯ ȯ /o/ |
Õ õ /ɔ/ |
Ȍ ȍ /ɔ/ |
Ọ ọ /ɔɪ/ |
Ø ø /ø/ |
P p /p/ |
Q q /kʋ/ |
R r /r/ |
S s /s/ |
Sk sk /ʃ/ |
T t /t/ |
Ŧ ŧ /t ~ θ/ |
U u /u/ |
Ū ū /uː/ |
Ŭ ŭ /û/ |
Û û /ǔ/ |
Ȗ ȗ /ú/ |
Ü ü /ɨ/ |
Ů ů /ʊ/ |
Ũ ũ /u/ |
Ȕ ȕ /u/ |
Ụ ụ /uɪ/ |
V v /v/ |
W w /ʋ/ |
X x /ks/ |
Y y /y/ |
Z z /z/ |
Complex comparison Folkspraak alphabets table | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Educ. | Acce. | Stan. | Runes | IPA | Usage | ||||
A | a | A | a | A | a | ᚪ | a | Universal phonology and ortography | |
Ȃ | ȃ | a | Used to denote A-ablaut | ||||||
Ä | ä | a | Used to denote E-ablaut | ||||||
Ȧ | ȧ | a | Used to denote I-ablaut | ||||||
Å | å | a | Used to denote O-ablaut | ||||||
à | ã | æ | Used to denote E-umlaut | ||||||
Ȁ | ȁ | ɑ | Used to denote I-umlaut | ||||||
Ā | ā | Ā | ā | aː | Universal phonology and ortography | ||||
Ă | ă | Ă | ă | â | Universal phonology and ortography | ||||
 | â |  | â | ǎ | Universal phonology and ortography | ||||
Ạ | ạ | Ai | ai | Ai | ai | ᚪᛁ | a͡ɪ | Universal phonology and ortography | |
Ạ̏ | ạ̏ | æ͡ɪ | Used to denote E-umlaut | ||||||
Ḁ | ḁ | Ao | ao | Ao | ao | ᚪᛟ | a͡ɔ | Universal phonology and ortography | |
Ḁ̏ | ḁ̏ | ɑ͡ɔ | Used to denote I-umlaut | ||||||
Æ | æ | Æ | æ | Æ | æ | ᚫ | æː | Universal phonology and ortography | |
B | b | B | b | B | b | ᛒ | b | Universal phonology and ortography | |
C | c | C | c | C | c | ᛣ | t͡s | Universal phonology and ortography | |
D | d | D | d | D | d | ᛞ | d | Universal phonology and ortography | |
Đ | đ | Đ | đ | ð | Universal phonology and ortography |
Classical Latin alphabet
Old Italic alphabet
𐌀 - A | 𐌁 - B | 𐌂 - C | 𐌃 - D | 𐌄 - E | 𐌅 - V | 𐌆 - Z | 𐌇 - H | 𐌈 - Θ |
𐌉 - I | 𐌊 - K | 𐌋 - L | 𐌌 - M | 𐌍 - N | 𐌎 - Ξ | 𐌏 - O | 𐌐 - P | 𐌑 - Ś |
𐌒 - Q | 𐌓 - R | 𐌔 - S | 𐌕 - T | 𐌖 - Y | 𐌗 - X | 𐌘 - Φ | 𐌙 - Ψ | 𐌚 - F |
Archaic Latin alphabet:
𐌀 - A | 𐌁 - B | 𐌂 - C | 𐌃 - D | 𐌄 - E | 𐌅 - F | 𐌆 - Z | 𐌇 - H | 𐌉 - I |
𐌊 - K | 𐌋 - L | 𐌌 - M | 𐌍 - N | 𐌏 - O | 𐌐 - P | 𐌒 - Q | 𐌓 - R | 𐌔 - S |
𐌕 - T | 𐌖 - V | 𐌗 - X |
Old Latin alphabet:
A a | Æ æ | B b | C c | D d | E e | F f | G g | H h |
I i | K k | L l | M m | N n | O o | Œ œ | P p | Q q |
R r | S s | T t | V v | X x |
Old Latin alphabet with apexes:
A a | Á á | Æ æ | B b | C c | D d | E e | É é | F f | G g |
H h | I i | Í Í | K k | L l | M m | N n | O o | Ó ó | Œ œ |
P p | Q q | R r | S s | T t | V v | V́ v́ | X x | · |