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Walnerian language: Difference between revisions

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| fam3            = [[wikipedia:West Germanic languages|West Germanic]]
| fam4            = [[wikipedia:High German languages|High German]]<!-- up to fam15 -->
| fam4            = [[wikipedia:High German languages|High Dolch]]<!-- up to fam15 -->
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===Orthography===
===Orthography===
{{Main|Walnerian orthography}}
{{Main|Walnerian orthography}}
The Walnerian language uses a combination of [[wikipedia:Digraph (orthography)|digraph]] (Cs, Ch, Ss) and [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]] (Á, É, Ë, Í, Ó, Ŕ, Ú) modifications of the [[wikipedia:Latin script|Latin alphabet]]. It developed out of the digraph orthography used by the [[wikipedia:Early New High German|Early New High German]], introducing diacritics for vowels (and letter Ŕ, which developed from the -ER- stem).
The Walnerian language uses a combination of [[wikipedia:Digraph (orthography)|digraph]] (Cs, Ch, Ss) and [[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]] (Á, É, Ë, Í, Ó, Ŕ, Ú) modifications of the [[wikipedia:Latin script|Latin alphabet]]. It developed out of the digraph orthography used by the [[wikipedia:Early New High German|Early New High Dolch]], introducing diacritics for vowels (and letter Ŕ, which developed from the -ER- stem).
{| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.3em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
{| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.3em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |A a
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |A a
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'''<big>Bold</big>''' ''are the common sounds, while'' <big>regular</big> ''sounds may happen in dialects and/or in a world for easier pronunciation
'''<big>Bold</big>''' ''are the common sounds, while'' <big>regular</big> ''sounds may happen in dialects and/or in a world for easier pronunciation
====Changes in phonology====
====Changes in phonology====
Walnerian, being [[wikipedia:Germanic languages|Germanic]], as a direct descendant of [[wikipedia:Early New High German|Early New High German]], uses mostly a Germanic phonology, but due to the national integration, it took notable parts from the [[wikipedia:Slavic languages|Slavic]] phonology. Notable phonetical shifts include:
Walnerian, being [[wikipedia:Germanic languages|Germanic]], as a direct descendant of [[wikipedia:Early New High German|Early New High Dolch]], uses mostly a Germanic phonology, but due to the national integration, it took notable parts from the [[wikipedia:Slavic languages|Slavic]] phonology. Notable phonetical shifts include:
*Ä (/æː/) → É (/ɛː ~ eː/)
*Ä (/æː/) → É (/ɛː ~ eː/)
*Ö (/œː/) → É (/ɛː ~ eː/)
*Ö (/œː/) → É (/ɛː ~ eː/)

Revision as of 17:24, 29 June 2021

Walnerian
Rausberian
Rausbériss
Kratky, Frantisek - Sumava, drevorubci (ca 1890).jpg
Walnerian villagers in northern Walneria, circa 1910
Pronunciation/rausbɛːriʃ/ Speaker Icon.svg
Native to Walneria
EthnicityWalnerians
Native speakers
L1: 11,450,000
L2: 812,000
FL: 581,000
Dialects
  • Central
  • Tyrámeniss
  • Bitreliss
  • Ósburkŕ
  • Méraniss
  • Kólínŕ
  • Nortŕiss
Latin alphabet
Official status
Official language in
 Walneria
Language codes
ISO 639-1WN
ISO 639-2WLN
ISO 639-3WLN
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

The Walnerian language (Walnerian: Rausbériss) is a Germanic language spoken in Walneria.

History

TBA

Phonology and orthography

Orthography

Main article: Walnerian orthography

The Walnerian language uses a combination of digraph (Cs, Ch, Ss) and diacritic (Á, É, Ë, Í, Ó, Ŕ, Ú) modifications of the Latin alphabet. It developed out of the digraph orthography used by the Early New High Dolch, introducing diacritics for vowels (and letter Ŕ, which developed from the -ER- stem).

A a Á á B b C c Cs cs D d E e É é Ë ë F f
G g H h Ch ch I i Í í J j K k L l M m N n
O o Ó ó P p Q q R r Ŕ ŕ S s Ss ss T t U u
Ú ú V v W w X x Y y Z z
Order 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Majuscule A Á B C Cs D E É Ë F G H Ch I Í J K L M N O Ó P Q R Ŕ S Ss T U Ú V W X Y Z
Minuscule a á b c cs d e é ë f g h ch i í j k l m n o ó p q r ŕ s ss t u ú v w x y z
IPA Sound a
ɑ		 aː
ɑː		 b t͡s t͡ʃ
t͡ɕ		 d ɛ
e		 ɛː
eː		 ə f ɡ h
ɦ		 x i
ɪ		 iː
ɪː		 j k l m n ɔ
o		 ɔː
oː		 p k͡v r ʁ
ə		 s ʃ
ɕ		 t u uː v w k͡s y
yː		 z

Phonology

Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal
Bilabial Labiodental Linguolabial Dental Alveolar Postal-veolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Nasal m̥ m n̥ n ŋ
Plosive t d ʈ ɖ k g
Sibilant affricate t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ
Non-sibilant affricate
Sibilant fricative s z ʃ ʒ
Non-sibilant fricative f v ʝ x ɣ ʁ h ɦ
Approximant ɹ j ɰ
Tap/Flap ɾ
Trill r̥ r ʀ̥ ʀ
Latelar affricate
Latelar fricative
Latelar approximant l̥ l
Latelar tap/flap
Tongue position Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
Close i y ɨ u
Near-close ɪ
Close-mid e o
Mid ə
Open-mid ɛ ʌ ɔ
Near-open æ ɐ
Open a ä ɑ ɒ
Long vowels aː ~ ɛː ~ eː ~ iː ~ ɪː ~ oː ~ ɔː ~ uː ~ yː

Bold are the common sounds, while regular sounds may happen in dialects and/or in a world for easier pronunciation

Changes in phonology

Walnerian, being Germanic, as a direct descendant of Early New High Dolch, uses mostly a Germanic phonology, but due to the national integration, it took notable parts from the Slavic phonology. Notable phonetical shifts include:

  • Ä (/æː/) → É (/ɛː ~ eː/)
  • Ö (/œː/) → É (/ɛː ~ eː/)
  • Ü (/y/) → Y (/yː ~ ɨː/)
  • ER (/əˑʀ/) → Ŕ (/ʁ̩ ~ ə/)[a]
    • EER (/ɛːʀ/) → ÉR (/ɛːr ~ eːr/)[b]
  • EH (/ɛh̚/) → É(/ɛː ~ eː/)
    • EHR (/ɛaˑʀ/) → ÉŔ (/ɛːʁ ~ ɛːɐˑ/)[c]
  • AH (/ah̚ ~ ɑh̚/) → Á (/aː ~ ɑː/)
  • OH (/ɔh̚ ~ oh̚/) → Ó (/ɔː ~ oː/)
  • UH (/uh̚/) → Ú (/uː/)
  • AU (/au ~ ɑu/) → Ó (/ɔː ~ oː/)[d]
    • AU (Finial sound) → OV (/ɔf ~ of/)
  • EU (/ɔɪ/) → OI (/ɔj/)
  • NG (/ŋ ~ ŋɡ/) → NK (/ŋk/)
  1. ↑ On what sound is used in case of Ŕ is dependent on the word it is used in, as well as position in the word
  2. ↑ Example may include the Walnerian name "Mér" (Meaning "sea" in English), which is pronounced as /mɛːr/
  3. ↑ Example may include the Walnerian name "Méŕ" (Meaning "more" in English), which is pronounced as /mɛːaˑ/
  4. ↑ Does not apply to the monosyllabic words or composite words including a monosyllabic root. Example may be the word "Austóss" (Meaning "trip" in English), as the prefix Aus- can stand alone

Grammar

Just like many other Germanic languages, Walnerian has two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) four grammatical cases:

And three grammatical genders, while in plural, genders merge into one indifferent plural form:

  • Masculine
  • Feminine
  • Neutrum

Articles

Gender Singular Plural English
Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative
Masculine Tér Tes Tem Ten Tí Ten Ten Tí The
Neutrum Tas To
Feminine Ta Tér Tér Tí
Masculine Ain Aines Ainem Ainen — — — — A/An
Neutrum Aino
Feminine Aine Ainŕ Ainŕ Aine
Masculine Kain Kaines Kainem Kainen Kainí Kainen Kainen Kainí PRO.
Neutrum Kaino
Feminine Kaine Kainŕ Kainŕ Kaine

Nouns

The noun inflections are done based on the article inflections, changing suffixes. It is used only in cases, when the article is not used, else it remains in its nominative form. There are three versions of declensions for each gender, distinguishing between:

Types Singular Plural English
Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative
Masculine
Consonantal Tiss Tisses Tissem Tissen Tisse Tissën Tissën Tisse Table
∅ -es -em -en -e -ën -ën -e
Sonorant Man Mans Manem Manen Manen Manen Manŕn Mane Man
∅ -s -em -en -en -en -ŕn -e
Vowel Junke Junkes Junkem Junken Junkens Junkes Junken Junkens Boy
∅ -s -m -n -ns -s -n -ns
Feminine
Consonantal Caitunk Caitunkŕ Cautinkŕ Caitunkí Caitunkí Caitunkën Caitunkën Caitunkí Newspaper
∅ -ŕ -ŕ -í -í -ën -ën -í
Sonorant Lérërin Lérëriner Lérëriner Lérëriní Lérëriní Lérërinen Lérërinen Lérëriní Female teacher
∅ -er -er -í -í -en -en -í
Vowel Frau Frauŕ Frauŕ Frauie Frauie Frauien Frauien Frauie Woman
∅ -ŕ -ŕ -ie -ie -ien -ien -ie
Neuter
Consonantal Hund Hundes Hundëm Hundo Hunde Hundën Hundën Hunde Dog
∅ -es -ëm -o -e -ën -ën -e
Sonorant Bychlain Bychlains -Bychlainem Bychlaino Bychlaine Bychlainen Bychlainen Bychlaine Booklet
∅ -s -em -o -e -en -en -e
Vowel Nivëó Nivëós Nivëóm Nivëó Nivëós Nivëónen Nivëónen Nivëós Level
∅ -s -m ∅ -s -nen -nen -s

Adjectives

Adjective suffixes are tied to the presence of the article (or lack there of) and the gender of the noun the adjective is tied to.

Examples

TBA

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