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Legislative power is vested in the unicameral Nuejel of Freice (literally 'Meeting'), which is composed of 13 members (or 'delegates') elected every three years via popular vote. All members of the Nuejel are members of the Kpp and need to be approved by the party leadership in order to stand as candidates. The Nuejel is headed by a Presiding Officer, who manages the business of the legislature and oversees its sessions..  
Legislative power is vested in the unicameral Nuejel of Freice (literally 'Meeting'), which is composed of 13 members (or 'delegates') elected every three years via popular vote. All members of the Nuejel are members of the Kpp and need to be approved by the party leadership in order to stand as candidates. The Nuejel is headed by a Presiding Officer, who manages the business of the legislature and oversees its sessions..  


Delegates are elected on a regional basis through the first-past-the-post system. Each region is allocated a certain number of seats in proportion with their population. Currently, the allocation of seats is: Northwest: 3; Northeast: 2, Southeast: 4; Southwest 4. Any number of pre-approved candidates can stand, with the candidates receiving the most votes elected according to the number of seats available. Delegates can be recalled at any time if ten percent of the electorate sign a recall petition; one or all of a region's delegates can be recalled.
Delegates are elected in four multi-member constituencies; each region constitutes one constituency that each return a specified number of delegates. Each region is allocated a number of delegates according to its population. Currently, the allocation of constituencies is: Northwest: 3; Northeast: 2, Southeast: 4; Southwest 4. Any number of pre-approved candidates can stand, with the candidates receiving the most votes elected according to the number of seats available. Delegates can be recalled at any time if ten percent of the electorate signs a recall petition. Candidates are elected as one group; if a recall petition passes, all must stand for election.


Legislation must pass the Nuejel in order to become law. In most cases, a simple majority (50%+1) is required, although amendments to the constitution require a two-thirds majority (66.6%+1) to pass. In 7 members (excluding the Presiding Officer) are required in order for a quorum to be reached and for business to be conducted.
Legislation must pass the Nuejel in order to become law. In most cases, a simple majority (50%+1) is required, although amendments to the constitution require a two-thirds majority (66.6%+1) to pass. In 7 members (excluding the Presiding Officer) are required in order for a quorum to be reached and for business to be conducted.


==Elections==
===Composition===
Itaguay holds elections every five years to elect president, vice-president and members of the legislature; elections are supervised by the Electoral Court of Itaguay (''Corte Electoral de Itaguay''), an independent branch from the Judiciary Power composed by a president, a vice-president and seven members appointed by the Parliament; the current composition was formed in 2017 and contemplates three members from the officialism, two from the [[People's Party (Itaguay)|People's Party]] and two from the [[Independent Civic Union (Itaguay)|UCI]], while the president is independent, the vice-president is from the [[Socialist Party (Itaguay)|Socialist Party]]. The Electoral Court controls also municipal and departamental elections, referendums, plebiscites and elective processes in the government of the [[University of Itaguay]] and the Previsions Bank.
The current membership of the Nuejel is as follows:
===List of political parties===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" width=750
The politics of Parincota are marked by a strong presence of well established parties functioning under a {{wp|multi-party system}}. The oldest parties in Itaguay are the [[People's Party (Itaguay)|People's Party]] and the [[Christian Democratic Party (Itaguay)|Christian Democracy]]; however, modern politics since the return of the democracy, have been led by the [[People's Party (Itaguay)|People's Party]] and the [[Independent Civic Union (Itaguay)|UCI]] on the right of the political spectrum and the [[Socialist Party (Itaguay)|Socialist Party]] with its coalition with [[Christian Democratic Party (Itaguay)|Christian Democracy]] on the left. Politics have been dominated by the Socialists and ''Populares'', being the two parties the ones that governed the most times since the return of the democracy (3 and 3) and making it difficult to other parties to achieve the electoral success; the [[Independent Civic Union (Itaguay)|UCI]] and [[Christian Democratic Party (Itaguay)|Christian Democracy]] are second on the line with one presidency each since the return of the democracy.
|- bgcolor="EFEFEF"
 
Before heading to the national elections to elect President and Vice-President, political parties must elect candidates during the primary elections, the candidates elected face the electorate in the general elections in October and if no candidate obtains the absolute majority of votes (50% plus one), there is a runoff, commonly called ''ballotage'', between the two most-voted candidates. Coalitions are usually made before facing these second instance.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
!colspan=2 |Party Name
!Party Logo
!Coalition
!Party leader
!Seats in the [[Parliament of Parinacota]]
!Ideology
|-
|-
| style="background-color:#00A550" |
| [[Socialist Party (Parinacota)|Socialist Party]]
| [[File:PSParinacotaLogo.png|150px]]
| style="background:#98FB98; color:black"|<center>Government</center>
| [[Carolina Ponce de León]]
| {{Composition bar|76|250|hex=#00A550}}</center>
| {{wp|Social democracy}}, {{wp|democratic socialism}}, {{wp|progressivism}}, {{wp|humanism}}, {{wp|welfare state}}
|-
|-
| style="background-color:#2061A2" |
| Northwest
| [[People's Party (Parinacota)|People's Party]]
| Pijal Biraqu, Arjal Baju and Bojida Tiqeqal
| [[File:PPParinacotaLogo.png|150px]]
| width="1" style="background-color:#bb2e2e" |
| style="background:#ff9090; color:black"|<center>Opposition</center>
| Common Wealth Party
| [[Juan Ignacio Ward Cortés]]
| 2021-present
| {{Composition bar|68|250|hex=#2061A2}}</center>
| {{wp|Conservatism}}, {{wp|christian democracy}}, {{wp|conservative liberalism}}, {{wp|economic liberalism}}
|-
|-
| style="background-color:#ED1C24" |
| Northeast
| [[Independent Civic Union (Parinacota)|UCI]]
| Tenel Iedel and Pete Kiarja
| [[File:UCIParinacotaLogo.png|150px]]
| width="1" style="background-color:#bb2e2e" |
| style="background:#ff9090; color:black"|<center>Opposition</center>
| Common Wealth Party
| [[Laura Ache Larreta]]
| 2021-present
| {{Composition bar|31|250|hex=#ED1C24}}</center>
| {{wp|Liberalism}}, {{wp|conservative liberalism}}, soft {{wp|progressivism}}, {{wp|secularism}}
|-
|-
| style="background-color:#0070BB" |
| Southeast
| [[Christian Democratic Party (Parinacota)|Christian Democracy]]
| Iqe Tunia, Barjia Odiege, Kane Bijona and Kemue Bosa
| [[File:DCParinacotaLogo.png|150px]]
| width="1" style="background-color:#bb2e2e" |
| style="background:#98FB98; color:black"|<center>Government</center>
| Common Wealth Party
| [[Azucena Hutt Baer]]
| 2021-present
| {{Composition bar|26|250|hex=#0070BB}}</center>
| {{wp|Christian democracy}}, {{wp|social democracy}},  {{wp|humanism}}
|-
|-
| style="background-color:#6F2DA8" |
| Southwest
| [[Social Democratic Party (Parinacota)|Social Democratic Party]]
| Sone Tiekie, Siegi Pogikna, Imje Inigi Baji, Timi Enquja
| [[File:SDParinacotaLogo.png|150px]]
| width="1" style="background-color:#bb2e2e" |
| style="background:#98FB98; color:black"|<center>Government</center>
| Common Wealth Party
| [[Sebastián Montoya Lavín]]
| 2021-present
| {{Composition bar|19|250|hex=#6F2DA8}}</center>
| {{wp|Social democracy}}, {{wp|democratic socialism}}, {{wp|welfare state}}, {{wp|progressivism}}
|-
| style="background-color:#FFD700" |
| [[National Alliance (Parinacota)|National Alliance]]
| [[File:ANParinacotaLogo.png|150px]]
| style="background:#ff9090; color:black"|<center>Opposition</center>
| [[Guido Echenique Figueroa]]
| {{Composition bar|6|250|hex=#FFD700}}</center>
| {{wp|Liberal conservatism}}, {{wp|conservatism}}, {{wp|agrarianism}}, {{wp|economic liberalism}}, {{wp|nationalism}}
|-
|-
|}
|}
==Judicial branch==
[[File:Palacio Piria, Montevideo 05.jpg|230px|thumb|Supreme Court of Itaguay in the Human Rights Alley.]]
The judiciary of Itaguay is often called the third power in the country and it is one of the branches of the government. On the Constitution its function is described as to interpret and apply the law, provide mechanisms for dispute resolution and ensure equal justice under the law regardless of genre, ethnic or socioeconomic background. The legal system of Itaguay is based on the {{wp|civil law}} and since the reforms undergone during the presidencies of Manuel Balmaceda, it has influences from several developed !European legal systems. The judiciary of Itaguay is constituted as a hierarchical system of courts, in which at the highest court is the Supreme Court of Itaguay composed by five members appointed by the executive branch of the government for a ten-year term. The Constitution of Itaguay describes the conditions for the members as men or women, of at least 40 years and with a career in law of at least 10 years, members can not be older than 70 years old.
Below the Supreme Court, there are sixteen courts of appeal (each with three judges), seven courts of appeal specialised in civil matters, four specialised in criminal matters, three specialised in labour law (which work during negotiations to solve employer-employees disputes mainly) and two that cover family matters. The lowest tier is composed by justice of the peace and courts of first instance specialised in administrative, civil, criminal, customs, juvenile and labour cases. Although the hierarchy, all of them are functionally and structurally impartial, that is, the tribunal should not be interested in the object of the particular case, and the higher tribunal does not impose a behaviour nor precedent to the lower ones. The judiciary has also separated courts for the elections (Electoral Court) and the military.
As well as in the other two branches of the government, the judiciary of Itaguay suffered the influence from the military during the dictatorship. After the return of the democracy, the presidency of the Christian Democrat Ignacio Larraín Hesse undergone several reforms in the judicial branch of power, aiming to amend Human Rights violations conceived during the twelve years period; among some of the most highlighted reforms, there is the amnesty with the urban guerrilla group [[Movimiento de Liberación Nacional Itaguayan]] and the predominance of the legislative when choosing members of the Supreme Court.
{{Itaguay|state=collapsed}}

Revision as of 17:15, 16 July 2021

Freice
Coat of Arms of Freice.png
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Freice
Constitution
  • WIP
Common Wealth Party
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Administrative divisions
  • wip
  • wip
Foreign policy
  • Department of Neighbourhoods, Strategic Relationships and Cultural Services
    • Councillor: Gera Ieja Yurjal
  • Foreign Relations
Elections

Since the 2021 Freician coup d'état, the politics of the Country of Freice (commonly known as Freice) takes place in the framework of a single-party socialist republic. Under the interim constitution of 2021, the sole legal party is the Common Wealth Party of Freice (Kpp), which is described as the 'preeminent movement for political, social, and cultural activities' in Freice. As a consequence of the Kpp's constitutional position, the party's leadership and the national leadership largely overlap. The incumbent First Secretary of the Kpp, Rarje Nemjiesa, is the current Leader of the Senior Council - the head of state and government in Freice.

Executive power is exercised by the government of Freice - the Senior Council - whilst legislative power is exercised by the Nuejel, elected every three years. The Senior Council is headed by a Leader, who serves as 'first amongst equals' alongside the heads of the individual government departments. Because the Leader is always the Kpp's First Secretary, in reality, the Leader is superior and not equal to other members of the Council, enjoying the power to appoint and dismiss members at his discretion. The judiciary is officially independent of the executive and legislative branches, but falls under the influence of the Kpp, rendering it de facto under state control.

Freice's political system is widely regarded by outside observers as undemocratic and authoritarian; political opposition to the authority of the Kpp is prohibited, and censorship is widespread. Freedom of the media is largely curtailed, with the media largely adopting and promoting the interests of the party. Elections are held in Freice, but candidates must be approved by the Kpp, with no real choice for voters.

Executive

Carolina Ponce de León, leader of the coalition Compromiso por Itaguay is the President of Itaguay for the 2019-2023 period.
Rodrigo Larroulet Vignau, Minister of Stockbreeding, Agriculture and Fishing.
Andrés de Soto Larraín, Vice-President of Itaguay.

The Leader of the Senior Council (Freician: Uenejal gi gura derjadia rajia) is the head of state and head of government, elected by the Nuejel every three years. In reality, the Leader, as First Secretary of the Kpp's Organising Committee, is elected by the Congress of the Kpp and approved by the Nuejel. This approval is largely symbolic. The Leader appoints and dismisses members of the Senior Council, and nominates candidates for the judiciary for the Nuejel's approval. The Leader has significant influence over both foreign and domestic policy, enjoying the right to declare war and peace and a state of emergency.

The Senior Council (Freician: Derjadia rajia) is the executive arm of the Nuejel, headed by the Leader and consists of a Deputy Leader and Councillors, who work for the implementation of the political, economic, social, cultural, and other such activities of the state. It directs the activities of the state, overseas the management of the country's finances, and ensures the effectiveness of the administrative structure and bureaucracy. The Senior Council is appointed by the Leader and can only be removed by the Leader.

Cabinet

As of July 2021, the makeup of the Senior Council (cabinet) is as follows:

Cabinet of Rarje Nemjiesa (2021-present)
Leader of the Senior Council Common Wealth Party Rarje Nemjiesa 2021-present
Deputy Leader of the Senior Council Common Wealth Party Tuse Gajal 2021-present
Councillor for Neighbourhoods, Strategic Relationships

and Cultural Services

Common Wealth Party Gera Ieja Yurjal 2021-present
Councillor for Communities, Planning and the Economy Common Wealth Party Amje Naqesal 2021-present
Councillor for Families, Education and Skills Common Wealth Party Jeke Qaga 2021-present
Councillor for Public Health, Social Care and Wellbeing Common Wealth Party Dr. Kuta Nedja 2021-present
Councillor for Conservation, Land Protection and Resources Common Wealth Party Ina Qiguqu 2021-present

Legislative branch

Parliament of Itaguay and the Manuel Balmaceda Square.

Legislative power is vested in the unicameral Nuejel of Freice (literally 'Meeting'), which is composed of 13 members (or 'delegates') elected every three years via popular vote. All members of the Nuejel are members of the Kpp and need to be approved by the party leadership in order to stand as candidates. The Nuejel is headed by a Presiding Officer, who manages the business of the legislature and oversees its sessions..

Delegates are elected in four multi-member constituencies; each region constitutes one constituency that each return a specified number of delegates. Each region is allocated a number of delegates according to its population. Currently, the allocation of constituencies is: Northwest: 3; Northeast: 2, Southeast: 4; Southwest 4. Any number of pre-approved candidates can stand, with the candidates receiving the most votes elected according to the number of seats available. Delegates can be recalled at any time if ten percent of the electorate signs a recall petition. Candidates are elected as one group; if a recall petition passes, all must stand for election.

Legislation must pass the Nuejel in order to become law. In most cases, a simple majority (50%+1) is required, although amendments to the constitution require a two-thirds majority (66.6%+1) to pass. In 7 members (excluding the Presiding Officer) are required in order for a quorum to be reached and for business to be conducted.

Composition

The current membership of the Nuejel is as follows:

Northwest Pijal Biraqu, Arjal Baju and Bojida Tiqeqal Common Wealth Party 2021-present
Northeast Tenel Iedel and Pete Kiarja Common Wealth Party 2021-present
Southeast Iqe Tunia, Barjia Odiege, Kane Bijona and Kemue Bosa Common Wealth Party 2021-present
Southwest Sone Tiekie, Siegi Pogikna, Imje Inigi Baji, Timi Enquja Common Wealth Party 2021-present
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