User:Mu/Sandbox3

Nuxican Revolution ; Revolució Nuxicana
	; Left-Right from top: Aquilles Pintà in the National Palace with his officers, Federals execute Vermell rebels, Blanc paramilitaries during the Battle of Jerilejo, Federals march following the Battle of Quezalquina, Vermell militias prepare to execute suspected spies.
Date	5 September, 1915 - 13 August, 1928 ; (12 years, 11 months, and 8 days)
Location	Nuxica
Result	Blanc-Federal victory; Constitution of 1928 implemented; End of civilian democracy in Nuxica; Beginning of the authoritarian rule;
Belligerents
Commanders and leaders
Strength
Casualties and losses
	Estimated 213,520-1,570,000 civilians and military killed total.

The Nuxican Revolution (Floren: Revolució Nuxicana), also known as the Great Chaos (Floren: Gran Caos), the Lost Fifteen (Floren: Els Quinze Perduts) or the Nuxican Civil War (Floren: Guerra Civil Nuxicana) was a major civil, military, and political struggle in Nuxica fought from 1915 to 1928. Nuxican Army forces -- known as the Federals -- loyal to the centre-right government, in an alliance with the right-wing to far-right National Front for Traditional Rights and Piety -- known as the Blancs -- from 1920 onward, against a revolt against the far-left umbrella organization United Army of the Labor Class -- known as the Vermells.

The conflict ended with the execution of Biel Izaguerri and the creation of the constitution of 1928, drafted, passed, and promulgated by both the Federals and the Blancs, effectively installed an authoritarian government under significant sway of the Nuxican Armed Forces. The war was both politically and economically destructive, shattering existing political norms and leading directly to the 1950 Nuxican white coup and the beginning of La Suautadura.

The passive phase of the conflict technically began in 1914, when the military overthrew the civilian government of Bernat Bargalló and installed a military triumvirate, leading to violence and strikes. The active phase of the conflict began when government forces, now under the authority of Prime Minister Aquilles Pintà i Puigdellivol, crushed a general strike in the city of Estancaja, prompting the Nuxican Revolutionary League, the Syndicalist Party of Nuxica, and the Social Democratic Labor Party to arm themselves and unite under the United Red Army of the Labor Class (Floren: Exèrcit Roig Unit de la Classe Treballadora; ERUCdT), led by revolutionary communist Biel Izaguerri. Establishing the Nuxican Socialist Soviet Republic in Estancaja the ERUCdT, now known as the Vermells, Reds, or Red Army, engaged in fierce fighting with the government while also attacking both Catholics, the Solarian Catholic Church, and much of the traditional values still making up Nuxican society. These events prompted Bishop Moisès Utge along with leaders of the Catholic-interest party National Action, Aleix Arqués and Raimon Guillaum to lead an armed counter-rebellion against the Estancaja government. Uniting with other local groups and Catholic sympathizers the leading triumvirate of the counter-rebellion declared an alternative government, known as the Nuxican State.

Red Army forces initially made rapid gains against government forces in industrialized areas of northern and western Nuxica, the government maintained control of major population centers of the western coast and south, and the Blancs secured control over much of the central areas of the country. Having a major advantage in terms of numbers and the element of surprise, Red Army forces took the cities of Nagua, Semeca, San Peluca, and El Tumcualpa during the 1915 fall offensive, besieging San Ferteli and forcing a general retreat of government forces to the west. Diplomatic overtures between Federal and Blanc forces lead to the two creating a united front against the Vermells, known as the Federal-Blancs or Federal-Whites. The Vermells, while numerically superior, lacked the training and equipment necessary to prosecute a war against the two united armies. With their forces split in half after the Battle of Quezalquina as a part of the Federal-Blanc Operació Boa the Vermells reverted to scorched earth tactics, being besieged in the final holdout of La Hetezo. Principle Vermell leadership were killed during the fall of the city; others, including Biel Izaguerri, were captured, tried, and executed, while the remainder fled into neighboring Chervolesia and beginning the Nuxican insurgency from there.

The war represents the end of the liberal republicanism and parliamentarianism that made up the Nuxican political sphere for nearly half a century, and the centralization of a right-wing, proto-Functionalist political ascendancy. Though not officially cemented until 1950 many historians posit that the end of the revolution and the promulgation of the Constitution of 1928 marked the technical beginning of the La Suautadura civic-military dictatorship, with the military not giving up its power on politics until the Dahlia Revolution.

Background

1910-1915 Nuxican political crisis

Bernat Bargalló, Prime Minister of Nuxica from 1913 to 1914.

Political entrenchment had been slowly building in the country following the election of 1890, with traditionalists, far-right demagogues, and radical socialists, anarchists, and syndicalists making up an ever increasing percentage of parliament. This, of course, came at the expense of the moderate liberals, democrats, and social democrats that made up the center of the political sphere. Though having led the government since the inception of the Democratic Labor Front (Floren: Front Laborista Democràtic; FLD) in 1905, the Social Democratic Labor Party of Nuxica (Floren: Partit Laborista socialdemòcrata; PLs) had been consistently coming under threat from both the far-left and the right. Between 1910 and 1913 Nuxica experienced four separate changes in power as parties began to leave the FLD, with many parties threatening to withdraw their seats should certain political agendas not be fulfilled. The election of Bernat Bargalló in the 1913 snap elections saw the PLs with the fewest number of seats ever, with the government coalition only maintaining an overall fifty-one percent of the parliamentary seats.

These tensions escalated following the 1910 Great Depression, which threw Nuxica's economy into disarray. Radicals on both sides of the political spectrum began to make concerted efforts to sway public opinion from the ruling PLs and seize power for themselves. These efforts were both political and civil, with rallies, marches, strikes, and riots breaking out frequently.

During this time the far-right political society called the Association for National Rejuvenation (Floren: Associació per a Rejoveniment Nacional; ARN), primarily made up of conservatives, business leadership within the Chamber of Industry and Commerce (Floren: Cambra de Indústria i Comerç; CIC), and former officers of the Nuxican Armed Forces began publishing speeches and letters to the public calling for the "imposition of martial order over the nation, until such time as the political upheavals our country are experiencing have ceased." Over time, calls for the resignation of Bergalló grew to come from the other right-wing parties within parliament as well from some active members of the Armed Forces themselves.

Tensions further increased following the "events of the First of May," when low-level soldiers attempted an insurrection in order to form a left-wing collectivist government. Though it failed, the fallout from this event and the subsequent increase in the size of the concurrent general strike resulted in significant tensions between the government and the military over the continued stability and security of the nation under Bergalló's leadership.

Events of the First of May

Mutineers loyal to the Tocureno Soviet occupy Tocureno City Hall.

On May Day 1914, soldiers within the Tocureno Army Base took weapons from the armory and held their commanding officers at gunpoint. After subduing them and placing them under military arrest, the soldiers moved into the town of Tocureno and began to seize local municipal buildings, police stations, radio stations, and police armories. The weapons taken from these armories were distributed both amongst the soldiers, and to members of a local strike that was happening concurrently to the mutiny. The mutineers, along with the strikers, were able to seize control of the town and declare it in a radio announcement to be "the independent and free worker's and soldier's government of the Tocureno Soviet."

Soldiers loyal to the soviet began attempting to convince neighboring towns and cities to also take up arms against the government to attempt to spark a national revolution in order to overthrow the ruling Bergalló government, which it decried as a "puppet show of the bourgeois." The attempts to rally the majority of the population to their cause largely failed, and the mutineers surrendered to a military force which moved into the city on the 5th of May.

Though it failed, the attempted revolution prompted the Association for National Rejuvenation, as well as the armed forces themselves, to openly question the continued political stability of the nation. Many nationalists and functionalist military officers felt that the ruling Democratic Labor Front would cede power to the radical left if an attempt was made to overthrow the government, and so members of the Chiefs of Staff, as well as the political right-wing, attempted to convince Prime Minister Bergalló to crack down on leftist protestors and purge the armed forces. Accusations were also made that various political and social actors, including government figures, were part of a far-left conspiracy to seize power.

1914-15 Nuxican general strike

Economic fallout from the 1910 Great Depression in Nuxica led to a sharp decrease in labor accountability and labor laws, with governments from 1910 to 1913 loosening labor laws in order to maximize productivity. Following the election of the Social Democratic Labor Party and Democratic Labor Front to government with slim margins, many far-left parties began to attempt to agitate towards unionization, workers rights, and progressive labor laws. Members of the Nuxican Section of the Worker's Internationale (Floren: Secció Nuxicana de la Internacional dels Treballadors; SNIT) began a general strike against the government, with Nuxican Revolutionary League (Flore: Lliga Revolucionària Nuxicana; LRN) and the Syndicalist Party of Nuxica (Flore: Partit Sindicalista de Nuxica; PSN) following later on.

Initial strikes

Police protect company offices from strikers in the city of Estancaja.

Known as the Crimson Summer (Floren: Estiu Carmesí), the term denotes a series of general strikes that occurred almost continually from March 1914 until September 1915. Beginning with protests over the continued government paralysis on economic issues following the 1910 Great Depression, they quickly began to have a more radical tinge as more and more members of the far-left began to protest as well.

Initially made up of just members of the Nuxican Section of the Worker's Internationale, members of the , the Farmer's and Worker's Party (Floren: Partit de Pagesos i Obrers; PPO), Nuxican Revolutionary League, and the Syndicalist Party of Nuxica also began joining the protest. This sparked fears of an imminent leftist uprising among the political right-wing and the military.

The government of Prime Minister Bergalló was thus caught in a position where it found itself unable to crack down on the protests, for fear of driving out what little support it had on the moderate left, and also unable to allow the protests to remain, for fear of prompting an insurrection by the right-wing and military. Thus the overall government response to the protests and strikes were mixed and confused at best, with police given orders to "only use such force as is necessary to achieve order and minimize casualty." This resulted in many jurisdictions being unable to formulate a cohesive response to the strikes beyond protecting job sites and property, effectively ceding control over much of the streets to the strikers.

Post-coup d'état

Tensions further escalated following the 1914 Nuxican coup d'état by General Juan Sebastián García, all parties within the Democratic Labor Front that still remained following the mass arrest of the Front's leadership began to order their members into the streets as a part of a "campaign of mass civil action against the partisans, functionalists, and martial forces that imperil our democracy under the dictatorship of the puppet."

Massive demonstrations against the ruling military council and their civil face, Aquilles Pintá, quickly erupted around the nation. These strikes brought the country to a standstill, and directly resulted in the crackdown by PM Pintá on the 5th of September.

Government-military split

Chief of the Armed Forces Juan Sebastián García.

Government is not cracking down
Economy is in the shitter
Members of the Armed Forces are big mad, want gov't to step down
Political right-wing also angry and want gov't to step down
President and PM do not resign
Armed Forces Chief Juan Sebastián García gives leftist PM "until Christmas morning" to resign

1914 Nuxican coup d'état

Troops patrol Sant Picano on Christmas Day, 1914.

Sant Picano, Nuxica
Christmas Eve, 1914
11:59 PM
Leftie president goes to bed thinking the military is bluffing
They are not
Juan Sebastián García is declared the military head of state in time for Christmas dinner; reorganizes government so now the right wing is in power
Power is ceded "to civilian authorities" under Aquilles Pintà
Pintà is a literally a former military officer, professor at a war college, and far-right functionary
Strikes continue

Factions

Federal-Blancs

Political

Federals

Blancs

Paramilitary

Federals

Blancs

Vermells

Political

Paramilitary

Dia de les Massacres

Carutaguan Municipal Police Chief Narcís Bort and officers immediately after ordering his men cease firing in Marshal Amadeu Juarez Square.

PM Pintà gets sick of the protests
Legitimate rumor is that protests outside of the war college (where Pintà was basing his gov't due to the massive garrison and military bases nearby) woke him up early in the morning
Drafts order mandating that soldiers 'clear the streets' of major cities of protestors 'by any and all means necessary at your disposal'
It goes as well as one can imagine
Carutagua is clear of protestors though
EVERYONE (LEFT WING) HATED THAT
Protests get bigger

User:Mu/Sandbox3

Contents