Lozhai language
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Qazhshavan | |
---|---|
Aldonian Adaju gezë Адаю гезъ /aˈdaju ˈɣɛ.zᵊ/ | |
Native to | Qazhshava |
Region | Slavic Belt in Thuadia |
Ethnicity | Aldonian Qazhshavans |
Native speakers | Total:80 million L1:- L2:- (2018) |
Thuado-Thrismaran
| |
Dialects |
|
Modified Latin Modified Old Govoric | |
Official status | |
Official language in | Qazhshava Sekidean Union |
Recognised minority language in | |
Regulated by | Commission of the Qazhshavan Language |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | qs |
ISO 639-2 | qsz |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Map of the area of native Qazhshavan speakers in the 21st century | |
The Qazhshavan/Aldonian language is a language islolate in southern Thuadia, it has similar grammatical features with the slavic languages neer the area spoken, and is one pf the official languages of Qazhshava along side Srednogorian.
Introduction
The language's grammaritcal features seem in between of slavic and germanic, it uses defenitiness, and puts nouns before adjectives.
Writing system
The language uses a Modified Latin script, and a Modified Old Govoric script reffered to as Govorkyn. Usually the Latin Script is used in casual conversations, but the older Govorkyn alphabet is used in formal letters an is seen as the "formal script", but every government official document has to be written in both.
Latin character | Govorkyn character | IPA Symbol | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
А а | A a | /а~ɑ/ /ɐ/ | |||||
B b | Б б | /b/ | |||||
V v | В в | /v~ʋ/ | |||||
G g | Г г | /g~ɣ/ | |||||
D d | Д д | /d~ð) | |||||
Е е | E e | /ɛ/ /e~ɪ~i/ | |||||
Ë ë | Ъ ъ | /ɤ̞~ə/ /ɐ/ | |||||
Ž ž | Ж ж | /ʒ/ | |||||
Z z | З з | /z/ | |||||
I i | И и | /i/ /e~ɪ~i/ | |||||
J j | Й й | /j/ /ʲ/ | |||||
K k | К к | /k/ | |||||
L l | Л л | /l~ɫ~ɮ/ | |||||
M m | М м | /m/ | |||||
N n | Н н | /n/ | |||||
O o | О о | /ɔ/ | |||||
P p | П п | /p/ | |||||
R r | Р р | /ɾ~r~ʁ/ | |||||
S s | С с | /s/ | |||||
T t | Т т | /t~θ/ | |||||
U u | У у | /u/ | |||||
F f | Ф ф | /f/ | |||||
H h | Х х | /x/ | |||||
Š š | Ш ш | /ʃ/ | |||||
X x | Щ щ | /ɕ/ | |||||
Y y | Ы ы | /ɨ~i/ | |||||
(J) j | (Ь) ь | /ʲ/ | |||||
C c | Ц ц | /t͡s/ | |||||
Č č | Ч ч | /t͡ʃ/ | |||||
Tx tx | Ћ ћ | /t͡ɕ/ | |||||
Đ đ | Ԃ ԃ | /d͡ʒ/ | |||||
Ju ju | Ю ю | /ju/ | |||||
Ja ja | Я я | /ja/ |
Phonology
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | (ɲ) | ||||
Plosive | voiceless | p | t~θ | k | |||
voiced | b | d~ð | ɡ~ɣ | ||||
Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | t͡ʃ | t͡ɕ | |||
voiced | d͡ʒ | ||||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | ɕ | ||
voiced | v~ʋ | z (ɮ) |
ʒ | ||||
Approximant | ɫ | j | |||||
Tap & Trill | ɾ~r(~ʁ) |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | ɨ | u |
Close-Mid | (e~ɪ) | ||
Mid | (ə) | ɤ̞ | |
Open-Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
Open | a~a |
Nouns
Grammatical Gender
Qazhshavan has 2 grammatical genders, they are identified by the ending sound of the base word of a word.
- Masculine - all masculine nouns end in a ⟨n⟩ or ⟨j⟩, ⟨ë⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩.
- Feminine - all feminine nouns end in ⟨a⟩, ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩, ⟨y⟩
Grammatical Cases
Qazhshavan has 5 grammatical cases.
- Nominative: Subject or a Predicate noun or adjective
- Accusative: Interract with Subject (hear, hit, harm...)
- Genetive: Possesed by Subject
- Locative: In Subject, on Subject
- Vocative: calling Subject
Common Translation | Nom. | Acc. | Gen. | Loc. | Voc. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine - n & j | ||||||
Man | Sin. | Nerën | Nerënun | Nerëno | Nerënky | Nerëne! |
Plr. | Nerënaj | Nerënej | Nerënoj | Nerënkyj | Nerënaj! | |
Sin.Def. | te'Nerën | te'Nerënun | te' Nerëno | te'Nerënky | Ø | |
Plr.Def. | ti'Nerënaj | ti'Nerënej | ti'Nerënoj | ti'Nerënkyj | Ø | |
Masculine - ë & o & u | ||||||
Dog | Sin. | Txeno | Txenon | Txenono | Txenky | Txeno! |
Plr. | Txenaj | Txenej | Txenoj | Txenkyj | Txenaj! | |
Sin.Def. | te'Txen | te'Txenon | te'Txenono | te'Txenky | Ø | |
Plr.Def. | ti'Txenaj | ti'Txenej | ti'Txenoj | ti'Txenkyj | Ø | |
Feminine - a & e | ||||||
Woman | Sin. | Gona | Gonan | Gonano | Gonaky | Gono! |
Plr. | Gony | Goni | Gonono | Gonky | Gony! | |
Sin.Def. | te'Gona | te'Gonan | te'Gonano | te'Gonaky | Ø | |
Plr.Def. | ti'Gony | ti'Goni | ti'Gonono | ti'Gonky | Ø | |
Feminine - i & y | ||||||
Mountain | Sin. | Xany | Xanyn | Xanyno | Xanyky | Xano! |
Plr. | Xanove | Xanovi | Xanono | Xanky | Xanove! | |
Sin.Def. | te'Xan | te'Xanyn | te'Xanyno | te'Xanyky | Ø | |
Plr.Def. | ti'Xanove | ti'Xanovi | ti'Xanono | ti'Xanky | Ø |
Adjectives
Tenses
The Lnaguage is 'Pro drop', meaning that using pronouns is optional, usually when used, they add emphasis, for example: " jemë demë " - " i am eating "
Mood | Person | Number | Past | Present | Future | Future in the past | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simple | Perfect | Simple | Perfect | Simple | Perfect | Simple | Perfect | |||
Indicative | 1 | Singular | <>hë | en<>hë an | <>më | <>hë | je <>më | je an en<>më | jehë jo <>më | jehë jo an en<>më |
Plural | <>hëmen | en<>hëmen an | <>mëmen | <>hëmen | je <>mëmen | je an en<>mëmen | jehë jo <>mëmen | jehë jo an en<>mëmen | ||
2 | Singular | <>elë jedë | en<>elë jedë an | <>exë | <>elë jedë | je <>exë | je en<>exë | jehë jo an <>exë | jehë jo an en<>exë | |
Plural | <>elaj dej | en<>elaj dej an | <>eje | <>elaj dej | je <>eje | je en<>eje | jehë jo an <>eje | jehë jo an en<>eje | ||
3 | Singular | <>se | en<>se an | <>jë | <>se | je <>jë | je an en<>jë | jehë jo <>jë | jehë jo an en<>jë | |
Plural | <>sa | en<>sa an | <>jëdë | <>sa | je <>jëdë | je an en<>jëdë | jehë jo <>jëdë | jehë jo an en<>jëdë | ||
Imperative | All | Singular | <>šë | <>žy | ||||||
Plural | <>še | <>ži |
Pronouns
Translation to Common | Person and number | Nom. | Acc. | Gen. | Loc. | Voc. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | Me | First | Singular | Jemë | Memë | Me | Mene | Ø |
You (Singular) |
Second | Du | Dun | Dy | Dyn | Du! | ||
He | Him | Third | Vaj | Go | Egy | Egyn | Ø | |
She | Her | Vaja | Ga | Ega | Egan | Ø | ||
It | Vajë | Goë | Ëgy | Ëgyn | Ø | |||
We |
Us | First | Plural | Nen | Men | My | Nasë | Ø |
You (Plural/formal) |
Second | Dau | Daun | Daj | Dajn | Dau! | ||
They | Them | Third | Singular & Plural |
Ata | Atan | Atej | Atejn | Ø |
Note
Adjective -ian* is suffix -(j)u ; ë is silent at the end of words unless its after j