Sandbox:Historical script development (Fjana)

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User:Zhousheng (Fjana)

English language

English Phonetic Alphabet

Ɛ ɛ
/iː/
ᗩ a
/ej/
A̅ a̧
/äː/
Ө ө
/ɔː/
Ꙍ ɷ
/ʊː/
Ɯ ɯ
/uː/
I i
/ɪ/
E e
/ɛ/
A ɑ
/ɑ/
O o
/o/
U u
/a/
Ꞷ ꞷ
/u/
Ɨ į
/ai/
Ơ ơ
/oi/
Ɣ ɣ
/ou/
Ա ɥ
/ju/
Y y
/je/
W w
/wa/
H h
/h/
P p
/p/
B b
/b/
T t
/t/
D d
/d/
Ⲉ ꞔ
/tʃ/
J j
/dʒ/
C c
/k/
G g
/g/
F f
/f/
V v
/v/
Ꞁ ƭ
/θ/
Ƌ đ
/ð/
S s
/s/
Z z
/z/
Ʃ ʃ
/ʃ/
Ʒ ʒ
/ʒ/
R r
/ɹ/
L l
/l/
M m
/m/
N n
/n/
Ŋ ᶇ
/ŋ/
D d
F f
G g
R r
S s
T t

International auxiliary languages

Interslavic (unified table)

Although Interslavic is not my own project, I have made a table of all alphabetic sets for it.

Latin etymological:

A a
/a ~ ɑ/
Å å
/ɒ/
B b
/b/
C c
/ts/
Ć ć
/tɕ/
Č č
/tʃ/
D d
/d/
D́ d́
/dʲ ~ ɟ/
Đ đ
/dʑ/
Dž dž
/dʒ/
E e
/ɛ ~ e/
Ė ė
/ə ~ ɛ̃/
Ę ę
/æ/
Ě ě
/ʲɛ ~ ʲe/
F f
/f/
G g
/ɡ/
H h
/x/
I i
/i ~ ɪ/
J j
/j/
K k
/k/
L l
/l/
Ĺ ĺ
/ɫ/
Lj lj
/ʎ/
M m
/m/
N n
/n/
Ń ń
/nʲ ~ ɲ/
Nj nj
/ɲ/
O o
/ɔ ~ o/
Ȯ ȯ
/ə ~ ɔ̃/
P p
/p/
Q q
/q ~ kv/
R r
/r/
Ŕ ŕ
/rʲ ~ r̝/
S s
/s/
Ś ś
/ɕ ~ sʲ/
Š š
/ʃ/
T t
/t/
T́ t́
/c ~ tʲ/
U u
/u/
Ų ų
/u ~ ow/
V v
/v/
W w
/w ~ v/
X x
/ks ~ x/
Y y
/ɪ ~ ɨ/
Z z
/z/
Ź ź
/zʲ ~ ʑ/
Ž ž
/ʒ/
Note: Diphthongs DŽ, LJ, NJ are used only in all-caps text. If in regular sentence, then Cap-Miniscule versions Dž, Lj, Nj are used
Flag of Interslavic.svg Interslavic language latin alphabet Flag of Interslavic.svg
Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)
A Å B C Ć Č D Đ Dž E Ė Ę Ě F G H I J K L Ĺ Lj M N Ń Nj O Ȯ P Q R Ŕ S Ś Š T U Ų V W X Y Z Ź Ž
Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters)
a å b c ć č d đ dž e ė ę ě f g h i j k l ĺ lj m n ń nj o ȯ p q r ŕ s ś š t u ų v w x y z ź ž
International Phonetic Alphabet
a ɒ b t͡s t͡ɕ t͡ʃ d ɟ d͡ʑ d͡ʒ ɛ ɛ̃ æ ʲe f ɡ x i j k l ɫ ʎ m n ɲ ɔ ɔ̃ p k͡v r s ɕ ʃ t c u o͡w v k͡s ɨ z ʑ ʒ

Cyrillic etymological:

А а
/a ~ ɑ/
Ӑ ӑ
/ɒ/
Б б
/b/
В в
/v/
Г г
/ɡ/
Д д
/d/
Дь дь
/dʲ ~ ɟ/
Ђ ђ
/dʑ/
E e
/ɛ ~ e/
Ё ё
/jɔ ~ jo/
Ж ж
/ʒ/
З з
/z/
Зь зь
/zʲ ~ ʑ/
И и
/i ~ ɪ/
Ј ј
/j/
К к
/k/
Л л
/l/
Ль ль
/ɫ/
Љ љ
/ʎ/
М м
/m/
Н н
/n/
Нь нь
/nʲ ~ ɲ/
Њ њ
/ɲ/
О о
/ɔ ~ o/
П п
/p/
Р р
/r/
Рь рь
/rʲ ~ r̝/
С с
/s/
Сь сь
/ɕ ~ sʲ/
Т т
/t/
Ть ть
/c ~ tʲ/
Ћ ћ
/tɕ/
Y y
/u/
Ф ф
/f/
Х х
/x/
Ц ц
/ts/
Ч ч
/tʃ/
Џ џ
/dʒ/
Ш ш
/ʃ/
Щ щ
/ʃtʃ/
Ъ ъ
/ə ~ ɔ̃/
Ы ы
/ɪ ~ ɨ/
Ѣ ѣ
/ʲɛ ~ ʲe/
Ꙗ ꙗ
/ja ~ je/
Ю ю
/ju/
Я я
/ja/
Ѫ ѫ
/u ~ ow/
Ѭ ѭ
/jow/
Ѧ ѧ
/æ/
Ѩ ѩ
/jæ/
Note: Letters with softening can be written with a majuscule soft sign (ь): ДЬ, ЗЬ, ЛЬ, НЬ, РЬ, СЬ, ТЬ

Another Cyrillic characters: Ґ ґ, Ѓ ѓ, Є є, Ѥ ѥ, З́ з́, С́ с́, Ќ ќ, Э э, Ꙛ ꙛ, Ꙙ ꙙ, Ꙝ ꙝ, Ꙋ ꙋ, Ѳ ѳ, Ѵ ѵ

Flag of Interslavic.svg Interslavic language cyrillic alphabet Flag of Interslavic.svg
Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)
А Ӑ Б В Г Д Дь Ђ E Ё Ж З Зь И Ј К Л Ль Љ М Н Нь Њ О П Р Рь С Сь Т Ть Ћ Y Ф Х Ц Ч Џ Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ѣ Ю Я Ѫ Ѭ Ѧ Ѩ
Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters)
а ӑ б в г д дь ђ e ё ж з зь и ј к л ль љ м н нь њ о п р рь с сь т ть ћ y ф х ц ч џ ш щ ъ ы ѣ ю я ѫ ѭ ѧ ѩ
International Phonetic Alphabet
а ɒ b c g d ɟ d͡ʑ ɛ ʒ z ʑ i ј k l ɫ ʎ m n ɲ ɔ p r s ɕ t c t͡ɕ u f x t͡s t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ʃ ʃt͡ʃ ɔ̃ ɨ ʲe ja ju ja o͡w jo͡w æ

Glagolitic etymological:

Ⰰ ⰰ
/a ~ ɑ/
Ⰱ ⰱ
/b/
Ⰲ ⰲ
/v/
Ⰳ ⰳ
/ɡ/
Ⰴ ⰴ
/d/
Ⰴⱐ ⰴⱐ
/dʲ ~ ɟ/
Ⰴⰶ ⰴⰶ
/dʒ/
Ⰵ ⰵ
/ɛ ~ e/
Ⰶ ⰶ
/ʒ/
Ⰷ ⰷ
/dz/
Ⰸ ⰸ
/z/
Ⰸⱐ ⰸⱐ
/zʲ ~ ʑ/
Ⰹ ⰹ
/j/
Ⰺ ⰺ
/j/
Ⰻ ⰻ
/i ~ ɪ/
Ⰼ ⰼ
/dʑ/
Ⰽ ⰽ
/k/
Ⰾ ⰾ
/l/
Ⰾⱐ ⰾⱐ
/ɫ/
ⰎⰬ ⰾⱜ
/ʎ/
Ⰿ ⰿ
/m/
Ⱀ ⱀ
/n/
Ⱀⱐ ⱀⱐ
/nʲ ~ ɲ/
ⰐⰬ ⱀⱜ
/ɲ/
Ⱁ ⱁ
/ɔ ~ o/
Ⱂ ⱂ
/p/
Ⱃ ⱃ
/r/
Ⱃⱐ ⱃⱐ
/rʲ ~ r̝/
Ⱄ ⱄ
/s/
Ⱄⱐ ⱄⱐ
/ɕ ~ sʲ/
Ⱅ ⱅ
/t/
Ⱅⱐ ⱅⱐ
/c ~ tʲ/
Ⱆ ⱆ
/u/
Ⱇ ⱇ
/f/
Ⱈ ⱈ
/x/
Ⱋ ⱋ
/ʃtʃ/
Ⱌ ⱌ
/ts/
Ⱌⱐ ⱌⱐ
/tɕ/
Ⱍ ⱍ
/tʃ/
Ⱎ ⱎ
/ʃ/
Ⱏ ⱏ
/ə ~ ɔ̃/
Ⱏⰺ ⱏⰺ
/ɪ ~ ɨ/
Ⱑ ⱑ
/ʲɛ ~ ja/
Ⱓ ⱓ
/ju/
Ⱒ ⱒ
/ɦ/
Ⱔ ⱔ
/æ/
Ⱖ ⱖ
/jɔ ~ jo/
Ⱗ ⱗ
/jæ/
Ⱘ ⱘ
/u ~ ow/
Ⱙ ⱙ
/jow/
Note: Letter Izhe has two variants: Ⰺⰺ and Ⰹⰹ. Ⰺ is used as a initial letter in the word (or in combination ⰟⰊ), while Ⰹ is used for the rest of positions. Letters with softening can be written with a majuscule soft sign (ⱐ): ⰄⰠ, ⰈⰠ, ⰎⰠ, ⰐⰠ, ⰓⰠ, ⰔⰠ, ⰕⰠ and a majuscule versions of ⰟⰊ/ⰄⰆ can be written as Ⱏⰺ/Ⰴⰶ

Another Glagolitic characters: Ⱉ ⱉ, Ⱊ ⱊ, Ⱕ ⱕ, Ⱚ ⱚ, Ⱛ ⱛ, Ⱝ ⱝ, Ⱞ ⱞ

Flag of Interslavic.svg Interslavic language glagolitic alphabet Flag of Interslavic.svg
Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)
Ⰴⱐ Ⰴⰶ Ⰸⱐ Ⰾⱐ ⰎⰬ Ⱀⱐ ⰐⰬ Ⱃⱐ Ⱄⱐ Ⱅⱐ Ⱌⱐ Ⱏⰺ
Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters)
ⰴⱐ ⰴⰶ ⰸⱐ ⰾⱐ ⰾⱜ ⰿ ⱀⱐ ⱀⱜ ⱃⱐ ⱄⱐ ⱅⱐ ⱌⱐ ⱏⰺ
International Phonetic Alphabet
a b v ɡ d ɟ d͡ʒ ɛ ʒ d͡z z ʑ j i d͡ʑ k l ɫ ʎ m n ɲ ɔ p r s ɕ t c o f x ʃt͡ʃ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡ʃ ʃ ɔ̃ ɨ ʲɛ
ja
h
ɦ
ju æ o͡w jo͡w

Table for comparison of interslavic alphabets

Complex comparison Interslavic alphabet table
Usage
Latin Cyrillic Glagolitic IPA Usage
Mono. Edu.+ Educ. North Etym. Stand. Slovio Diph. Etym. Stand. Slovio Etym. Stand.
A a A a A a A a A a A a A a А а А а А а А а a ~ ɑ Universal phonology and ortography
Á á Á á Á á ~ ɑː Ending for adjectives
Å å Å å Å å Å å Å å Ӑ ӑ Ӑ ӑ ɒ For symbols different via TorT and TolT sequences
B b B b B b B b B b B b B b Б б Б б Б б Б б b Universal phonology and ortography
C c C c C c C c C c C c C c Ц ц Ц ц Ц ц Ц ц t͡s Universal phonology and ortography
Ç ç Ç ç Ç ç t͡s For letter C before V, followed by a front vowel, which is replaced by West Slavic languages by K
Ć ć Ć ć Ć ć Ć ć Ć ć Č č CX cx Ћ ћ Ћ ћ Ч ч Ч ч Ⱌⱐ ⱌⱐ t͡ɕ Universal phonology and ortography
Č č Č č Č č Č č Č č Ч ч Ч ч t͡ʃ Universal phonology and ortography
D d D d D d D d D d D d D d Д д Д д Д д Д д d Universal phonology and ortography
Дь дь Дь дь Ⰴⱐ ⰴⱐ dʲ ~ ɟ Universal phonology and ortography
Ʒ ʒ Dz dz Dz dz Dz dz Dz dz Dz dz Dz dz Ѕ ѕ ДЗ ДЗ ДЗ ДЗ ДЗ ДЗ Ⰴⰸ ⰴⰸ d͡z In absolute most cases not used
Ǯ ǯ Dž dž Dž dž Dž dž Dž dž Dž dž GX gx Џ џ Џ џ ДЖ дж ДЖ дж Ⰴⰶ ⰴⰶ Ⰴⰶ ⰴⰶ d͡ʑ Universal phonology and ortography
Đ đ Đ đ Đ đ Đ đ Đ đ Ђ ђ Ђ ђ d͡ʒ Universal phonology and ortography
Silent For vanished D consonant before of L, which is preserved in West Slavic languages
E e E e E e E e E e E e E e Е е Е е Е е Е е ɛ ~ e Universal phonology and ortography
É é É é É é ɛː ~ Ending for adjectives
Ė ė Ė ė Ė ė ɜ Strong Front Yer according to Havlík's law
È è È è È è Ė ė Ė ė ɛ̃ ~ ə For E in liquid sequences
Ę ę Ę ę Ę ę Ę ę Ę ę Ѧ ѧ Ѧ ѧ æ Matches Little Yus (Ѧ) (Nasal vowel)
Ě ě Ě ě Ě ě Ě ě Ě ě Ě ě Ѣ ѣ Ѣ ѣ Є є ʲɛ ~ ʲe Universal phonology and ortography
Ę̌ ę̌ Ѩ ѩ Јѧ јѧ ʲæ ~ jæ Universal phonology and ortography (based on Ę)
F f F f F f F f F f F f F f Ф ф Ф ф Ф ф Ф ф f Universal phonology and ortography
G g G g G g G g G g G g G g Г г Г г Г г Г г ɡ Universal phonology and ortography
Ĝ ĝ Ĝ ĝ ɡ For non-slavic G, which is as G in H-Slavic languages
H h H h H h H h H h H h H h Х х Х х Х х Х х x Universal phonology and ortography
Ĥ ĥ Ĥ ĥ h ~ ɦ For non-slavic H, which is as Х/Ch in G-Slavic languages
İ i İ i İ i I i I i I i I i И и И и И и И и i ~ ɪ Universal phonology and ortography
Í í Í í Í í ~ ɪː Ending for adjectives
Ì ì Ì ì Ì ì iˤ ~ ɪˤ For infinite endings of Verbs
I ı I ı I ı Silent Matches Tense Yer (Ь) with an adjacent j
J j J j J j J j J j J j J j Ј ј Ј ј Ј ј Ј ј



j Universal phonology and ortography
Ĵ ĵ Ĵ ĵ Ĵ ĵ j For cases, where most Slavic languages have contraction -aje- → -a-
Ǎ ǎ Ja ja Ja ja Ja ja Ja ja Ja ja Ja ja Я я Ја ја Ја ја Ја ја Ⱜⰰ ⱜⰰ j͡a ~ j͡ɑ Universal phonology and ortography (but can be considered a set of two characters)
Ë ë Jo jo Jo jo Jo jo Jo jo Jo jo Jo jo Ё ё Јо јо Јо јо Јо јо Ⱜⱁ ⱜⱁ j͡ɔ ~ j͡o Universal phonology and ortography (but can be considered a set of two characters)
Ǔ ǔ Ju ju Ju ju Ju ju Ju ju Ju ju Ju ju Ю ю Ју ју Ју ју Ју ју Ⱜⱆ ⱜⱆ j͡u Universal phonology and ortography (but can be considered a set of two characters)
Ų̌ ų̌ Ѭ ѭ Јѫ јѫ jo͡w Universal phonology and ortography (based on Ų, can be considered a set of two characters)
K k K k K k K k K k K k K k К к К к К к К к k Universal phonology and ortography
L l L l L l L l L l L l L l Л л Л л Л л Л л l Universal phonology and ortography
Ŀ ŀ Ŀ ŀ Ŀ ŀ For hard syllabic liquid L
Ĺ ĺ Ĺ ĺ Ĺ ĺ For solf syllabic liquid L
Ł ł Ľ ľ Ľ ľ Ľ ľ Ĺ ĺ Ль ль Ль ль Ⰾⱐ ⰾⱐ ɫ Universal phonology and ortography
Ľ ľ Lj lj Lj lj Ľ ľ Lj lj Lj lj Lj lj Љ љ Љ љ Љ љ Ль ль ⰎⰬ ⰾⱜ ⰎⰬ ⰾⱜ ʎ Universal phonology and ortography
M m M m M m M m M m M m M m М м М м М м М м ⰿ ⰿ m Universal phonology and ortography
N n N n N n N n N n N n N n Н н Н н Н н Н н n Universal phonology and ortography
Ń ń Ń ń Ń ń Ń ń Ń ń Нь нь Нь нь Ⱀⱐ ⱀⱐ ɲ Universal phonology and ortography
Ň ň Nj nj Nj nj Ň ň Nj nj Nj nj Nj nj Њ њ Њ њ Њ њ НЬ нь ⰐⰬ ⱀⱜ ⰐⰬ ⱀⱜ ɲ Universal phonology and ortography
O o O o O o O o O o O o O o O o O o O o O o ɔ ~ o Universal phonology and ortography
Œ œ Œ œ Œ œ ɔ ~ œ Ending for adjectives, where some languages have E and other have O
Ò ò Ò ò Ò ò Ȯ ȯ Ȯ ȯ Ъ ъ Ъ ъ ɔ̃ ~ ə Strong Back Yer according to Havlík's law
P p P p P p P p P p P p P p П п П п П п П п p Universal phonology and ortography
R r R r R r R r R r R r R r Р р Р р Р р Р р r Universal phonology and ortography
For hard syllabic liquid R
Ŕ ŕ Ŕ ŕ Ŕ ŕ Ŕ ŕ Ŕ ŕ Рь рь Рь рь Ⱃⱐ ⱃⱐ r For solf syllabic liquid R
Ř ř Ř ř Ř ř rʲ ~ Universal phonology and ortography
S s S s S s S s S s S s S s С с С с С с С с s Universal phonology and ortography
Ś ś Ś ś Ś ś Ś ś Ś ś Сь сь Сь сь Ⱄⱐ ⱄⱐ sʲ Universal phonology and ortography
Š š Š š Š š Š š Š š Š š SX sx Ш ш Ш ш Ш ш Ш ш ʃ Universal phonology and ortography
Ŝ ŝ Šč šč Šč šč Šč šč Šč šč Šč šč SCX scx Щ щ Шч шч Шч шч Шч шч Ⱎⱍ ⱎⱍ ʃ͡ʧ Universal phonology and ortography (but can be considered a set of two characters)
T t T t T t T t T t T t T t Т т Т т Т т Т т t Universal phonology and ortography
Ть ть Ть ть Ⱅⱐ ⱅⱐ c ~ tʲ Universal phonology and ortography
Silent For vanished T consonant before of L, which is preserved in West Slavic languages
U u U u U u U u U u U u U u У у У у У у У у u Universal phonology and ortography
Ų ų Ų ų Ų ų Ų ų Ų ų Ѫ ѫ Ѫ ѫ u ~ o͡w Matches Big Yus (Ѫ) (Nasal vowel)
Ù ù Ù ù Ù ù V v V v V v V v В в В в В в В в ʋ For non-Slavic origin words with diphthongs au/eu → aù/eù
V v V v V v v Universal phonology and ortography
Y y Y y Y y Y y Y y Y y Y y Ы ы Ы ы Ы ы Ы ы Ⱏⰺ ⱏⰺ Ⱏⰺ ⱏⰺ ɪ ~ ɨ Universal phonology and ortography
Ý ý Ý ý Ý ý ɪː ~ ɨː Ending for adjectives
Z z Z z Z z Z z Z z Z z Z z З з З з З з З з z Universal phonology and ortography
Ʒ ʒ Ʒ ʒ z For letter Z before V, followed by a front vowel, which is replaced by West Slavic languages by G
Ź ź Ź ź Ź ź Ź ź Ź ź Зь зь Зь зь Ⰸⱐ ⰸⱐ zʲ Universal phonology and ortography
Ž ž Ž ž Ž ž Ž ž Ž ž Ž ž ZX zx Ж ж Ж ж Ж ж Ж ж ʒ Universal phonology and ortography
Simplified comparison Interslavic alphabet table
Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)
Lat. E A Å Ja B C Ć Č D Dz Đ Dž E Ė Ę Ě Jo F G H I J K L Ĺ Lj M N Ń Nj O Ȯ P Q R Ŕ S Ś Š Šč T U Ų Ju V W X Y Z Ź Ž
S A Ja B C Č D Dz Dž E Ě Je Jo F G H I J K L Lj M N Nj O P Q R S Š Šč T U Ju V W X Y Z Ž
Cyr. D А Ӑ Я Б Ц Ћ Ч Д Дь Ѕ Ђ Џ Е Ѧ Ѣ Ѩ Ё Ф Г Х И Ј К Л Ль Љ М Н Нь Њ О Ъ П Кв Р Рь С Сь Ш Щ Т Ть У Ѫ Ю Ѭ В Кс Ы З Зь Ж
E А Ӑ Ја Б Ц Ћ Ч Д Дь Ѕ Ђ Џ Е Ѧ Ѣ Јѧ Јо Ф Г Х И Ј К Л Ль Љ М Н Нь Њ О Ъ П Кв Р Рь С Сь Ш Шч Т Ть У Ѫ Ју Јѫ В Кс Ы З Зь Ж
S А Ја Б Ц Ч Д Дз Дж Е Є Је Јо Ф Г Х И Ј К Л Љ М Н Њ О Ъ П Кв Р С Ш Шч Т У Ју В Кс Ы З Ж
Gla. E Ⱌⱐ Ⰴⱐ Ⰴⰶ Ⰾⱐ ⰎⰬ Ⱀⱐ ⰐⰬ Ⰽⰲ Ⱃⱐ Ⱄⱐ Ⱅⱐ Ⰽⱄ Ⱏⰺ Ⰸⱐ
S ⰬⰀ Ⰴⰸ Ⰴⰶ ⰬⰅ ⰬⰑ ⰎⰬ ⰐⰬ Ⰽⰲ Ⱎⱍ ⰬⰖ Ⰽⱄ Ⱏⰺ
Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters)
Lat. E a å ja b c ć č d dz đ dž e ė ę ě jo f g h i j k l ĺ lj m n ń nj o ȯ p q r ŕ s ś š šč t u ų ju v w x y z ź ž
S a ja b c č d dz dž e ě je jo f g h i j k l lj m n nj o p q r s š šč t u ju v w x y z ž
Cyr. D а ӑ я б ц ћ ч д дь ѕ ђ џ е ѧ ѣ ѩ ё ф г х и ј к л ль љ м н нь њ о ъ п кв р рь с сь ш щ т ть у ѫ ю ѭ в кс ы з зь ж
E а ӑ ја б ц ћ ч д дь ѕ ђ џ е ѧ ѣ јѧ јо ф г х и ј к л ль љ м н нь њ о ъ п кв р рь с сь ш шч т ть у ѫ ју јѫ в кс ы з зь ж
S а ја б ц ч д дз дж е є је јо ф г х и ј к л љ м н њ о ъ п кв р с ш шч т у ју в кс ы з ж
Gla. E ⱌⱐ ⰴⱐ ⰴⰶ ⰾⱐ ⰾⱜ ⰿ ⱀⱐ ⱀⱜ ⰽⰲ ⱃⱐ ⱄⱐ ⱅⱐ ⰽⱄ ⱏⰺ ⰸⱐ
S ⱜⰰ ⰴⰸ ⰴⰶ ⱜⰵ ⱜⱁ ⰾⱜ ⰿ ⱀⱜ ⰽⰲ ⱎⱍ ⱜⱆ ⰽⱄ ⱏⰺ
International Phonetic Alphabet
IPA a
ɑ
ɒ ja b t͡s t͡ɕ t͡ʃ d ɟ d͡z d͡ʑ d͡ʒ ɛ
e
ə
ɛ̃
æ ʲɛ
ʲe
f g x i j k l ɫ ʎ m n ɲ ɔ
o
ə
ɔ̃
p k͡v r s ɕ ʃ ʃt͡ʃ t c u o͡w ju jo͡w v w
v
k͡s ɪ
ɨ
z ʑ ʒ

Original Volapük table

A a
/a ~ ɑ/
Å å
/ɒ/
Ꞛ ꞛ / Ä ä
/ɛ ~ æ/
B b
/b/
C c
/tʃ ~ dʒ/
Ƈ ƈ
/tʃ/
D d
/d/
E e
/e/
F f
/f/
G g
/g/
H h
/h/
Ħ ħ
/θ ~ ð/
I i
/i/
J j
/ʃ ~ ʒ/
K k
/k/
L l
/l/
ȷ
/j/
M m
/m/

/◌̃/
N n
/n/

/◌̃/

/ŋ/
O o
/o ~ ɔ/
Ꞝ ꞝ / Ö ö
/ø/
P p
/p/
Q q
/q/
R r
/ʀ/
rr
/r/
S s
/z/
ʃ
/ʒ/
ſ
/s/
T t
/t/
U u
/u/
Ꞟ ꞟ / Ü ü
/y/
V v
/v/
W w
/w/
X x
/ks/
Y y
/j/
Z z
/ts ~ dz/
Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)
A Å Ä B C Ƈ D E F G H Ħ I J K L M N O Ö P Q R S T U Ü V W X Y Z
Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters)
a å ä b c ƈ d e f g h ħ i j k l ȷ m n o ö p q r rr s ʃ ſ t u ü v w x y z
International Phonetic Alphabet
a
ɑ
ɒ ɛ
æ
b d͡ʒ t͡ʃ d e f g h θ
ð
i j k l j m ◌̃ n ◌̃ ŋ o ø p k͡v ʀ r z ʒ s t u y v w k͡s j t͡s
d͡z
a
ɑ
ɛ
æ
b t͡ʃ
d͡ʒ
d e f g h i j k l m n o ø p k͡v r z ~ s t u y v w k͡s j t͡s
d͡z

Changes into Umlauts

Ꞛ ꞛ ; Ä ä
Ꞛ ꞛ ; Ä ä
Ꞝ ꞝ ; Ö ö
Ꞝ ꞝ ; Ö ö
Ꞟ ꞟ ; Ü ü
Ꞟ ꞟ ; Ü ü

Letters Ꞛ, Ꞝ and Ꞟ were later changed and are written as Ä, Ö and Ü.

  • Ꞛ was changed into Ä, phonetically /ɛ ~ æ/
  • Ꞝ was changed into Ö, phonetically /ø/
  • Ꞟ was changed into Ü, phonetically /y/

Esperanto table

A a
/a/
B b
/b/
C c
/ts/
Ĉ ĉ
/tʃ/
D d
/d/
E e
/e/
F f
/f/
G g
/g/
Ĝ ĝ
/dʒ/
H h
/h/
Ĥ ĥ
/x/
I i
/i/
J j
/j/
Ĵ ĵ
/ʒ/
K k
/k/
L l
/l/
M m
/m/
N n
/n/
O o
/o/
P p
/p/
Q q
/q/
R r
/r/
S s
/s/
Ŝ ŝ
/ʃ/
T t
/t/
U u
/u/
Ŭ ŭ
/w/
V v
/v/
W w
/w/
X x
/ks/
Y y
/j/
Z z
/z/
Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)
E A B C Ĉ D E F G Ĝ H Ĥ I J Ĵ K L M N O P Q R S Ŝ T U Ŭ V W X Y Z
2 A B C Ch D E F G J H Kh I Y J K L M N O P Q R S Sh T U W V X Z
A A B Tz Ch D E Ph G Gh H Qh I Y Zh K L M N O P R S Sh T U Ù W X Z
I A B C Ch D E F G J H I Y J K L M N O P Qu R S Sh T U W V X Z
Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters)
E a b c ĉ d e f g ĝ h ĥ i j ĵ k l m n o p q r s ŝ t u ŭ v w x y z
2 a b c ch d e f g j h kh i y j k l m n o p q r s ŝ t u w v x z
A a b tz ch d e ph g gh h qh i y zh k l m n o p r s sh t u ù w x z
I a b c ch d e ph g j h i y j k l m n o p qu r s sh t u w v x z
International Phonetic Alphabet
IPA a b t͡s t͡ʃ d e f g d͡ʒ h x i j ʒ k l m n o p k͡v r s ʃ t u w v k͡s j z

Lingua Franca Nova table

Latin version:

A a
/a ~ ɑ/
B b
/b/
C c
/k/
D d
/d/
E e
/e ~ ɛ/
F f
/f/
G g
/g/
H h
/h/
I i
/i ~ j/
J j
/ʒ/
K k
/k/
L l
/l/
M m
/m/
N n
/n ~ ŋ/
O o
/o ~ ɔ/
P p
/p/
Q q
/kv/
R r
/r/
S s
/s/
T t
/t/
U u
/u ~ w/
V v
/v/
W w
/w/
X x
/ʃ/
Y y
/j/
Z z
/z/

Cyrillic version:

А а
/a ~ ɑ/
Б б
/b/
В в
/v/
Г г
/g/
Д д
/d/
Е е
/e ~ ɛ/
Ж ж
/ʒ/
З з
/z/
И и
/i/
Й й
/j/
К к
/k/
Л л
/l/
М м
/m/
Н н
/n ~ ŋ/
О о
/o ~ ɔ/
П п
/p/
Р р
/r/
С с
/s/
Т т
/t/
У у
/u ~ w/
Ф ф
/f/
Х х
/h/
Ш ш
/ʃ/
Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)
L A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
C А Б К Д Е Ф Г Х И Й Ж К Л М Н О П Кв Р С Т У В Ш Ы З
Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters)
L a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
C а б к д е ф г х и й ж к л м н о п кв р с т у в ш ы з
International Phonetic Alphabet
IPA a
ɑ
b k d e
ɛ
f g h i j ʒ k l m n
ŋ
o
ɔ
p k͡v r s t u
w
v w ʃ ɨ z

Original Folkspraak table

A a
/a/
Ā ā
/aː/
Ă ă
/â/
 â
/ǎ/
Ȃ ȃ
/á/
Ä ä
/ɛ/
Ȧ ȧ
/ɪ/
Å å
/ɔ/
Ạ ạ
/aɪ/
Ḁ ḁ
/aɔ/
à ã
/a/
Ȁ ȁ
/a/
Ạ̏ ạ̏
/aɪ/
Ḁ̏ ḁ̏
/aɔ/
Æ æ
/æː/
Aw aw
/aʊ/
B b
/b/
Ƀ ƀ
/v/
C c
/ts/
D d
/d/
Đ đ
/d ~ ð/
E e
/ɛ/
Ē ē
/ɛː/
Ĕ ĕ
/ɛ̌/
Ê ê
/ɛ̂/
Ȇ ȇ
/ɛ́/
Ë ë
/e/
Ė ė
/ɪ/
E̊ e̊
/ɔ/
Ẹ ẹ
/ɛɪ/
E̥ e̥
/ɛɔ/
Ẽ ẽ
/ɛ/
Ȅ ȅ
/ɛ/
Ȅ̥ ȅ̥
/ɛɔ/
F f
/f/
G g
/ɡ/
H h
/h/
Ħ ħ
/h/
Ƕ ƕ
/hw/
Ch ch
/x/
I i
/ɪ/
Ī ī
/ɪː/
Ĭ ĭ
/ɪ̂/
Î î
/ɪ̌/
Ȋ ȋ
/ɪ́/
Ï ï
/i/
I̊ ı̊
/ɔ/
Ĩ ĩ
/ɪ/
Ȉ ȉ
/ɪ/
Iu iu
/ɪʊ/
J j
/j/
K k
/k/
L l
/l/
M m
/m/
N n
/n/
Ng ng
/ŋ/
O o
/ɔ/
Ō ō
/ɔː/
Ŏ ŏ
/ɔ̂/
Ô ô
/ɔ̌/
Ȏ ȏ
/ɔ́/
Ö ö
/œː/
Ȯ ȯ
/o/
Õ õ
/ɔ/
Ȍ ȍ
/ɔ/
Ọ ọ
/ɔɪ/
Ø ø
/ø/
P p
/p/
Q q
/kʋ/
R r
/r/
S s
/s/
Sk sk
/ʃ/
T t
/t/
Ŧ ŧ
/t ~ θ/
U u
/u/
Ū ū
/uː/
Ŭ ŭ
/û/
Û û
/ǔ/
Ȗ ȗ
/ú/
Ü ü
/ɨ/
Ů ů
/ʊ/
Ũ ũ
/u/
Ȕ ȕ
/u/
Ụ ụ
/uɪ/
V v
/v/
W w
/ʋ/
X x
/ks/
Y y
/y/
Z z
/z/
Complex comparison Folkspraak alphabets table
Educ. Acce. Stan. Runes IPA Usage
A a A a A a a Universal phonology and ortography
Ȃ ȃ a Used to denote A-ablaut
Ä ä a Used to denote E-ablaut
Ȧ ȧ a Used to denote I-ablaut
Å å a Used to denote O-ablaut
à ã æ Used to denote E-umlaut
Ȁ ȁ ɑ Used to denote I-umlaut
Ā ā Ā ā Universal phonology and ortography
Ă ă Ă ă â Universal phonology and ortography
 â  â ǎ Universal phonology and ortography
Ai ai Ai ai ᚪᛁ a͡ɪ Universal phonology and ortography
Ạ̏ ạ̏ æ͡ɪ Used to denote E-umlaut
Ao ao Ao ao ᚪᛟ a͡ɔ Universal phonology and ortography
Ḁ̏ ḁ̏ ɑ͡ɔ Used to denote I-umlaut
Æ æ Æ æ Æ æ æː Universal phonology and ortography
B b B b B b b Universal phonology and ortography
C c C c C c t͡s Universal phonology and ortography
D d D d D d d Universal phonology and ortography
Đ đ Đ đ ð Universal phonology and ortography

Classical Latin alphabet

Old Italic alphabet

𐌀 - A 𐌁 - B 𐌂 - C 𐌃 - D 𐌄 - E 𐌅 - V 𐌆 - Z 𐌇 - H 𐌈 - Θ
𐌉 - I 𐌊 - K 𐌋 - L 𐌌 - M 𐌍 - N 𐌎 - Ξ 𐌏 - O 𐌐 - P 𐌑 - Ś
𐌒 - Q 𐌓 - R 𐌔 - S 𐌕 - T 𐌖 - Y 𐌗 - X 𐌘 - Φ 𐌙 - Ψ 𐌚 - F

Archaic Latin alphabet:

𐌀 - A 𐌁 - B 𐌂 - C 𐌃 - D 𐌄 - E 𐌅 - F 𐌆 - Z 𐌇 - H 𐌉 - I
𐌊 - K 𐌋 - L 𐌌 - M 𐌍 - N 𐌏 - O 𐌐 - P 𐌒 - Q 𐌓 - R 𐌔 - S
𐌕 - T 𐌖 - V 𐌗 - X

Old Latin alphabet:

A a Æ æ B b C c D d E e F f G g H h
I i K k L l M m N n O o Œ œ P p Q q
R r S s T t V v X x

Old Latin alphabet with apexes:

A a Á á Æ æ B b C c D d E e É é F f G g
H h I i Í Í K k L l M m N n O o Ó ó Œ œ
P p Q q R r S s T t V v V́ v́ X x ·