Norsund
 Flag
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| Motto: "ᚱᛅᛏᛏ ᛟᚷ ᛋᚨᚾᚾᛁᛝ" (Ellandic) "Justice and truth" (English) | |
| Anthem: Fjordarna i västen The fjords in the west  | |
| Capital | Kristianshamn |
| Recognised national languages | German, indigenous langauges |
| Ethnic groups (1990) | 47.3% Indigenous peoples 37.7% Hellonic Norsunders 15% Others |
| Demonym(s) | Norsunder |
| Government | Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
• King | Kristoffer of Hellona |
• Minister-Governor | Tesqua Iktasquat |
| Legislature | Bundsdag |
| Establishment | |
• Hellonians begin to inhabite Norsund | 950 |
• Integration within Hellona | 1816 |
• Gained home rule | 1869 |
| Population | |
• 1888 estimate | 35.075.200 |
| Currency | Hellonian krona (HEK) |
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy (CE) |
| Driving side | right |
| ISO 3166 code | NRS |
| Internet TLD | .hl, .nr, .tri |
Norsund is a constituent country of the Hellonian Realm located on Novallonda. It is the most sparsely populated country on Novallonda and in the entire Hellonian Realm. The capital and largest city is Kristianshamn, which together with surrounding areas are home to over two-thirds of the population.
According to Hellonian myths, settlement started at around 900, when Hellonian traveler Avnar Helgurson became the first permanent settler. In the next few centuries, settlers came from all over Hellona. This meant settlers could be of both Ellandic and Hellonic origin. Due to the large-scale immigration of Hellonians to Norsund, the indigenous people adopted many Hellonian and Ellandic customs and much of its culture. Eventually the number of Ellandic settlers exceded the amount of Hellonic origin, often due to the inequality between the eastern provinces such as Elland compared to the western Hellonic provinces. Due to this large amount of Ellandic migration, the most commonly spoken language of the colony became Ellandic, rather than Hellonian. When Norsund gained home rule in 1869, the official languages were named Ellandic and Hellonian. With the decentralisation to a federal state, the indigenous languages were declared official in the corresponding Special Region.
Due to this history, Norsunder culture is a mixture of Hellonic, Ellandic and indigenous cultures. The country also enjoys the tightest relations between itself and its former motherland, Hellona, due to its cultural ties. Together with the Menako Islands, it is said that these three countries form the core of the Hellonian Realm and the Hellonian cultural area.
Norsund has a open economy and has a rather low tax rate compared to Hellona, but maintains the same Nordic model standards as its colonizer and provides universal health care and tertiary education for all its citizens. Norsund has been a economically and socially stable country for some time, growing to become economically independent from Hellona starting from 1895.
Etymology
The name Norsund is a composition of the words meaning "north" and "sound", in this case meaning a water strait. The original name given to the land by Hellonian settlers was "Noortsond", literally meaning northern sound. This was translated into Ellandic as "Norsund", which later became the most commonly used form of the name in both Ellandic and Ellashian.
The adoption of the name by indigenous tribes ended up differing between tribes and nations. This resulted in names being either full translations of transliterations into the languages themselves. For example, the Naq'tua name for Norsund is "Avan'q aqusineq"; means northern way or strait and is a direct translation. The Nakola nation decided on a phonemic transcription, leading to the name becoming "Nolasundu".
History
Early cultures and pre-Hellonic era
In prehistoric times, Norsund was inhabitated by Norsundish natives. Tribes on the western side of modern-day Norsund, were largely nomadic and unorganised, while tribes at the coast are known to have created governments, or at least tribal councils to organise themselves. These coastal societies were based on agriculture, using techniques such as irrigation and terracing; hunting and fishing were also important. These societies are not known to have used any monetary unit, and likely redistributed goods based on ownership of land or goods. The Anta'qinuuk, the oldest most complex known tribe, flourished along the coast around 4.000 years before Cody.
It is known that around 1.000 before Cody, Vismaric peoples arrived at Novallonda, and established settlements. This earlier wave of Vismaric immigration led to the development of several cultures and languages. These tribes came to inhabit most of the coastal area and a small part of the hinterland and drove already settled tribes further west.
The Vistrasjorder settlement grew to become a large community in the north, and grew to become a dominant power in the region. In the south, the Naq'tua became large, and mastered agriculture in colder areas.
Hellonian settlement
Hellonians found the Norsundish colony around 950, around modern-day Kristianshamn, but never intended to colonize the area. They peacefully traded with both the Naq'tua and Vistrasjordlings. It was not until 1069 when Hellonian really settled on the land, with Avnar Helgurson being the first permanent settler. Small settlements were founded on the east coast and southern coastal areas. The biggest being the Nyland settlement, around which the modern city of Kristianshamn came to be. The areas were mostly populated by Ellandic settlers, which often intermixed with the local people. With cultural mixing assuring safety around the hinterland, people began moving southwards to create new settlements. The Nyland settlement began to grow, becoming the economic centre of the new colony of Hellona. Kristianshamn became the economic and cultural hub for both internal relations in the colony itself and outside relations with Hellona.
Colonization and expansion
Starting from the Hellonian settlements around Nyland, Hellonian expanded their control to the neighbouring hinterlands. Due to cultural ties and easier communication between the Vistrasjordlings and Hellonians, they reached a settlement on their pressences. The Vistrasjorder territories would be integrated within the Nyland colony, with special status granting them certain rights. Other groups at the borderlands were pressured into moving westwards. This led to the establishment of the realm colony of Norsund in 1302.
The slow expansion of Hellonians westwards agitated indigenous tribes, leading to widescale action against the colonization. This eventually led to the Norsunder wars between Hellonian colonizers and Norsunder natives, starting in 1431 and ending in 1482. The overwhelming strength of the Hellonians, together with the spread of Veterran deceases unknown to Norsund meant the wars would end in the complete subjugation of most tribes in the western borderlands. The tribes agreed to control under the Norsunder colony, but their rights were heavily limited.
In 1689, the remaining native populations were granted voting rights in colonial affairs. In 1725, all remaining restrictions on the native populations were lifted and they were granted equal rights.
In the year 1816, Norsund was declared integral Hellonian territory. This would integrate Norsund in the Hellonian unitary state as a province and the centralisation of power within the Hellonian Ryksdag.
Home rule
Around 1840, a small movement started centred around the idea of home rule. The Ryksdag expanded almost every year in order the accomodate the integration of new territories. Although these integrated territories were given electoral and democratic rights from the moment of integration within the unitary state, the voting bloc of Hellona heavily outnumbered any of the other overseas territories. The inequality between the territories meant Norsunders had little power over their own matters, leading to the growth of this movement for home rule in the following years.
The centralised form of Hellona was later deemed too unstable and the demand for decentralisation began to also arrise in Hellona itself. This would lead to the establishment of the Hellonian Realm and the reorganisation of Hellonian territories. Each territory would be granted home rule with its own unicameral parliament. In order to continue the enactment of pan-realm policy, the Aldag was established serving as a secondary chamber for all constituent countries. The first territory to be granted home rule in this way was Norsund in 1869. Foreign affairs and the military are decided on this federal level. In 1870, Ellandic was declared the official national languages, with Hellonian and German acting as secondary languages on a national scale.
In 1879, several native languages were declared as official secondary languages. The Constitutional Act on Realm Lands, adopted in the same year, lead to the reorganisation of Norsund into a federal state. The country was henceforth organised into five provinces and ten Indigenous Special Regions, shortened to IRS. This meant greater autonomy to the various indigenous tribes of Norsund.
Cooperation with Hollweg
When Hellona and the United South German States established a political union, the Germano-Hellonian state, in 1886, Norsund pushed for further cooperation with Hollweg. This lead to several agreement integrating both constituent territories with one another. The two most important pieces of legislatures abolished al passport and other means of border control between the two nations, acting as one border area. Further agreements increased the means of transportation through both countries. This lead to the realisation of the Northern Way Railroad, which runs from the west coast to east coast of Novallonda.
Geography
Norsund has a cold climate, with only the south and east coast being inhabited. The major towns are the capital city of Kristianshamn on the eastcoast, along with its outlying towns of Nyavikan, Hafnarhem and Yedelhem in the south. Many Fjords line the north and eastern coasts, this also where most settlements are located.
The climate of Norsund's coast is subpolar oceanic. The warm Danonian Current ensures generally higher annual temperatures than in most places of similar latitude in the world. Despite its proximity to the Arctic, the land's coasts remain ice-free through the winter.
The climate varies between different parts of the land. Generally speaking, the south and east coast are warmer, wetter and windier than the north. The Central and Northern Highlands are the coldest part of the country. Low-lying inland areas in the north are the most arid. Snowfall in winter is more common in the north than the south.
The highest air temperature recorded was 30.5 °C (86.9 °F) on 22 June 1887 at Blugheim on the southeastern coast. The lowest was −37 °C (−35.4 °F) on 22 January 1789 at Ísland in the north.
Sönd glacier, in the northern coastal region
Säften, Blomsdalarna province
Kristianshamn, capital city of Norsund
Southern coast, around the city of Löfhem
Great Northern Mountains
Central Highlands, one of the most deserted and coldest areas in Norsund
Bio diversity
Most mammals on Norsund have been imported, like the Vismaric horse. The only mammals before humans from Vetterra came were Muskoxen, Polar foxes, polar bears and seals. With killer whales and Norsundish whales being the only marine mammals. There are no native or free-living reptiles and only 1,800 known species of insects are known living in Norsund.
The animals of Norsund include the Norsundish sheep, cattle, chickens, goats, the sturdy Vismaric horse, and the Vismaric Husky-dog, all descendants of animals imported by Vetterans. Wild mammals include the Arctic fox, mink, mice, rats, rabbits and reindeer. Polar bears are common in the north, together with seals. Marine mammals include the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) and harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). Many species of fish live in the ocean waters surrounding Norsund, and the fishing industry is a major part of Norsund's economy, accounting for approximately half of the country's total exports. Birds, especially seabirds, are an important part of Norsund's animal life. Vismaric seagulls, Norsundish Pengabird, and kittiwakes nest on its sea cliffs.
Politics
Constitutional framework
As Norsund is a constituent country of the Hellonian Realm, its highest legislative and executive powers lie in the Aldag and its council of ministers. In practise, it delegates only its control over military and the monetary policy to this Realm-wide parliament. Starting from 1877, the constitution of Norsund is based on several documents: the Home Rule Act of 1869, the Constitutional Act on Freedoms and Rights, the Constitutional Act on Realm Lands and the Charter of the Realm. These can only be changed by a two times two-thirds majority in the Bundsdag, separated by a general election, or in case of the Charter for the Realm, an absolute majority in the Aldag.
Norsund has a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy, with King-Exalt Kristoffer acting as the current head of state. The role of the monarch within the actual politics of Norsund is extremely limited to ceremonial and representative functions. By extension, the King-Exalt of Hellona also acts as the monarch of the entire Hellonian Realm. The monarch does not send a representative in his place, with the executive power of the monarch being invested in the Minister-Governor. The monarch and the Royal Family undertake a variety of other unofficial representative duties in Hellona, the Realm and abroad. The monarch also acts as head of the Asatru faith, hence the title of King-Exalt. Officially both titles are seen as separate and only held by the same person.
Government
Legislative power in Norsund is vested in the unicameral Bundsdag and its members. General elections are held every four years. Legislation may be initiated by either the Government or members of the Bundsdag. Members are elected on the basis of party-list proportional representation with a chance for a preferential vote for a certain member to a four-year term. The workings of both the Government and the legislature are regulated by the Constitutional Act on Realm lands.
The Government consists of the Minister-Governor, which is chosen by a formateur. This often means the leader of the majority or plurality party in the Bundsdag is chosen to form a government. The Minister-Governor proceeds to form a cabinet with ministers from his choice. In this government lies the supreme executive power, and it is responsible for the actions of the Bundsdag and following legislature.
Norsund has a multi-party democracy where often no one party manages to achieve a majority in the Bundsdag, meaning coalitions between political parties are necessary for the formation of governments. Currently 7 parties and one parliamentary group are seated in the Bundsdag. These are the People's Party, the Independence Party, the Enviromentalists, the Centre, the Liberal Democrats, the Initiative Party, the Democrats and the Independent Native Alliance, a parliamentary grouping.
Provinces and special regions
Norsund has a federal structure, in which government responsibilities are divided between federal and regional governments. Norsund is divided into five Hellonian Provinces and 10 Indigenous Special Regions (ISR). All of these structures have their own unicameral parliament, acting similarly to the Bundsdag. The ISR have special rights granted to them by the Constitutional Act on Realm Lands, meaning they have the right to designate their own language as the official language of the region, are granted exemptions from certain legislature and have a greater say on regional taxation than the Hellonian provinces. Each state has its own assembly, called a Provincial Thing (Hellonian: Gewestelijk Ding, Ellandic: Landskapsting) for the Hellonic provinces and a Nation Thing (Hellonian: Volksding, Ellandic: Folksting) for ISRs.
Hellonic Provinces
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Special Regions
Judicial system
The judicial system of Norsund is largely based on that of Hellona. This means two different system exist for courts, a general court for civil and criminal cases and an administrative court for disputes between citizens and the authorities. In the four Hellonian provinces, there are four layers to each system: local courts, provincial courts, the Supreme Court and the Realm Court.
The Supreme Court of Norsund is the final layer to laws appertaining to Norsund. It only takes cases which may set precedents and as such does not convene often. The Supreme Court consists of 12 Justices, appointed by the Government but neither the Government nor the Bundsdag is able to interfere with the decisions of the court.
The Realm Court is the highest court in the Hellonian Realm and handles court cases based on constitutional issues in each constituent country and the Charter for the Realm and mediates conflicts between constituent countries, when the case is of interest as a precedent. The Realm Court consists of 18 justices, two from each constituent country appointed by the Government of each and the Government is not able to interfere with the decisions of the court.
The ISR replace the provincial courts with special regional courts, named differently in each ISR. This court upholds the constitutions and laws of the ISRs and take up cases that may set precedent in the region.
Economy
Demographics
Norsund is one of the former colonial countries with the most indigenous peoples, with 47.3% identifying as of indigenous origin. 37.7% identify as Hellonic Norsunders; mainly Ellandic-speaking, with them mainly being concentrated in the coastal provinces. 15% are ethnically different peoples.
Under the indigenous groups, the Naq'tua, who mainly live at the northern coast in the Naq'tua ISR. Of the indigenous population, 35% identify as Naq'tua; the second biggest group being the Vismaric Vistrasjordlings, with 20% of the native population identifying as such.
Though there are many different tribes and indigenous populations; many can be grouped as ethno-linguistic groups. The Nukjokten and Lutanen peoples are related and form the Enderen ethno-graphic group. The Naq'tua, the Tsi'quak, Ma'karns and Pusjnaqua together descend from the Quatal. Last, the Kalaak and the Niskiaak make up the Anuit group. The Vistrasjordlings and the Feinängers form the only pre-Hellonian Vismaric groups in Norsund.
When Norsund was granted home rule, Ellandic and Hellonian became the main official languages. Later all (standardized) indigenous languages were declared official as well. Each indigenous language is the primary official language in its equivalent ISR, with secondary being either Hellonian or Ellandic. Hellonian and mainly Ellandic is in practice however still in use for administration. A majority of the population is as such bilingual or even trilingual. There is a continuing trend of promoting indigenous language in the ISR, and the literacy and knowledge of these is increasing.
Culture
Norsundish culture is a mixture of indigenous and Hellonic culture. A lot of native cultures are well preserved compared to other colonial nations, because of a large indigenous culture preservation movement happened in the 18th and later in the 20th century also. Norsundish architecture remained simple, most used materials being wood. Brightly painted houses can be found across the country, in traditional Hellonian countryside style. The biggest cities, like Möskholm, have large buildings in a baroque-style inspired by Andusian houses and the Royal Palace of Owidal, but also influenced by local culture.
Hellonians brought their traditional arts, foods and styles to Norsund, and natives began to adopt and adapt them for their own cultures too. This created interesting mixtures in both architecture, the aforementioned indigenous inspired baroque. But also paintings, songs and foods. Woodcarvature techniques were especially adopted by indigneous peoples for their own temples. Hellonians also brought with them their religion, Asatru, which is know practised by around 65% of the country, with the remaining people following indigenous beliefs (20%) or being agnostic or atheist (15%).
Cuisine is largely simplistic. Both Hellonian and pre-colonial Norsundish meals were simple and fulfilling, as both had climates that didn't allow for spices or large quantities of fruits to be harvested. With Hellona becoming a trading power, spices, fruits and vegetables were introduced to Norsund also.
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| Nations | Latvian Spartopia · Hellona · United South German States · Nambalonia · Aklontosaurus · Valvexia · West Kirkon · Libertas Regionem · Eburon · Asturan · Turtia · Vitami · New Britain · |
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