Pardarian Civil War
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| Pardarian Civil War | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Zorasani Post-War Crisis | ||||||||
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| Belligerents | ||||||||
 Pardarian Revolutionary Resistance Command |
 Shahdom of Pardaran (1947-1949) |
 Rasfanjani Clique Shamshiri Clique Republic of AshkezarLocal walords and bandits | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | ||||||||
|
Mahrdad Ali Sattari Farhad Mirza Navzar Ali Husseini Abdullah Al-Tawani Yazdandad Jandhari |
Ahmad Reza Shah † Gholamali Beheshti Mohammad Shahbakhti † Eskandar Pardarani † |
Mirhussein Rasfanjani † Rashid Ali Khan Sayeed Ashtiani Khosrow Shamshiri Farouk Mousavi Haidar Salami Murad Hosein Zand † Ali Asghar Bhajadzadeh Mahmoud Sadr Esfahani | ||||||
| Strength | ||||||||
|
880,000 soldiers 400 tanks 200 aircraft |
525,000 soldiers 202 tanks 98 aircraft |
~200,000 soldiers ~120,000 soldiers 226,000 soldiers 100 tanks 146 aircraft ~50,000-60,000 local militia under warlords | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | ||||||||
|
67,583 killed 118,300 injured 4,328 missing | 104,584 killed, injured or missing |
80,000-90,000 killed injured or missing 25,000-40,000 killed, injured or missing 75,000-100,000 killed injured or missing 21,508 killed injured or missing | ||||||
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3.5 million displaced | ||||||||
The Pardarian Civil War (Pardarian: جنك داخلی, Jang-negee Pārdariāni; Badawiyan: الحرب الأهلية السورية, al-ḥarb al-ʾahlīyah as-pardarīyah) was a multifaceted civil war in Pardaran fought between the Imperial government of the Shahdom of Pardaran (SOP), the Ghowmee Tudeh Party-led Pardarian Revolutionary Resistance Command (PRRC) and numerous warlords lasting intermittently between 1948 and 1950. Though particular attention is paid to the period between 1948 and 1949, when the PRRC forces defeated the Shahdom of Pardaran, the war continued with the PRRC defeating opposing warlords and breakaway regions, culminating in the unification of Pardaran and the beginning of Zorasani unification, which would be completed in 1979 with the defeat of the People's Republic of Irvadistan and the establishment of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics. Between 602,258 and 612,258 people were killed or injured and devastated large tracts of central and eastern Pardaran. The war saw numerous atrocities committed by both sides, though most historians apply blame to PRRC forces for the use of mass executions, torture and starvation as weapons of war.
Background
Etrurian colonialism
Prior to 1853, much of modern-day Zorasan had been ruled by the Gorsanid dynasty, a Pardaran based monarchy that up until the late 18th century had maintained Zorasan as a capable power. However, owing to entrenched traditionalist interests, repeated power struggles and unrest, the empire had steadily fallen behind its Euclean rivals. This backwardness was made apparent in the Sadavi War (1796-1798) against the First Etrurian Republic.
Following the Caltrini Restoration in 1810, the empire found itself facing renewed Etrurian aggression and the rising influence of other Euclean powers, specifically Estmere and Werania. This external pressure only deepened domestic woes, with numerous rebellions by disaffected nobles facing weak and ineffective Shahs. Over the next forty years, Zorasan would face numerous Etrurian incursions along the northern coast, with the First Etruro-Zorasani War (1832-1837) seeing the destruction of the Zorasani fleet and the ceding of virtually all Zorasani-Badawiya, alongside the port cities of Bandar Shahidi, Bandar Qassem and At-Turbah. The war further advertised the crippling weaknesses of the Zorasani state.
In 1848, Ali Ardashir became Shah and through a series of brutal purges and attacks secured unparalleled control over the imperial state. He began to seek out Euclean support in modernising Zorasan, often asking for advisers in exchange for economic concessions. In 1845, he signed the Treaty of Sabarvan with Werania, securing military advisers and weapons in exchange for access to Zorasan’s silver deposits in the south. Fearing a modernised Zorasan and oversized Weranian influence, Etruria launched the Second Etruro-Zorasani War (1846-1853).
The second war would devastate both Zorasan and Ali Ardashir personally. The Etrurians would rout his armies at every battle, inflicting heavy losses and demoralising his barely trained officers. The Etrurians continued to push toward the imperial capital at Razdavar, before ultimately besieging the city in 1852. Simultaneously, the Etrurians used money and promises of wealth to divide the Shah from his nobles, they secured a Badawiyan tribal revolt in 1849. In 1852, the Etrurians funded and supported a revolt by Qassem Shah in the north west. Both these events drew away valuable imperial forces, facing a besieged capital and a collapse in his armies morale, Shah Ali Ardashir surrendered on April 2 1853.