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Kamak Islands
Камакаԓ Йедах (Haydag) [PlaceHolder] (Kamak) | |
|---|---|
| Anthem: [PlaceHolder] "[PlaceHolder]" | |
| Country |  Qazhshava |
| Largest city | - |
| Capital | [PlaceHolder] |
| Government | |
| • Grand-Chieftain | [PlaceHolder] ([PlaceHolder]) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 14,208 km2 (5,486 sq mi) |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | [PlaceHolder] |
| • Percentage | [%] of Qazhshava |
| Demonyms | Kamakan |
| Time zone | UTC−11:30 |
| Islands | 36 Islands:
|
| Official language |
|
| National Symbols |
|
| Legislature | Chieftain's Gathering |
| Seats in Parliament | [PlaceHolder] |
| HDI (2018) | 0.718 high |
'Kamak-Julche' language(s)
| - | |
|---|---|
| 줄채 (джулче, julche) | |
| Native to | Qazhshava |
| Ethnicity | - people |
Native speakers | L1: L2: |
-
| |
Standard forms | -
|
| Dialects |
|
| - alphabet (Latin, Cyrillic) | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | Qazhshava |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | - |
| ISO 639-2 | - |
| ISO 639-3 | - |
Phonology
| Bilabial | Labio- dental |
Alveolar | Post- Alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m ⟨ㅁ⟩ | n ⟨ㄴ⟩ | ||||||
| Stop and affricate |
plain | b̥ ⟨ㅃ⟩ | d̥ ⟨ㄷ⟩ | d̥͡z̝̊ ⟨ㅈ⟩ | ɡ̊ ⟨ㄱ⟩ | |||
| aspirated | pʰ ⟨ㅍ⟩ | tʰ ⟨ㅌ⟩ | t͡s̝ʰ ⟨ㅊ⟩ | kʰ ⟨ㅋ⟩ | ||||
| Fricative | v (ㅂ) | s~s̝ ⟨ㅅ⟩ ɮ̊~ɬ ⟨ㅆ⟩ l ⟨ㄹ⟩ |
x~h ⟨ㅎ⟩ | |||||
| Tap | ɾ ⟨ㅿ⟩ | |||||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||||
(ㅿᅀᅠᅟᅠᇫ)(ㅸᄫᇦ)
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Opaque | Transparent | |||
| Close | i ⟨ㅣ⟩ | u(~o) ⟨ㅜ⟩ | ||
| Mid* | ɛ(~e) ⟨ㅐ⟩ | ɤ ⟨ㅡ⟩ | ʌ̹ ⟨ㅓ⟩ | |
| Open | a ⟨ㅏ⟩ | |||
| Harmony | ɛ(~e) | a | u(~o) | |
- /ɛ/ usually becomes /e/ when in harmony with /i/
- /u/ usually becomes /o/ when in harmony with /ʌ̹/
- when /ɤ/ is the vowel of a monosyllabic word, it harmonizes with /a/
Writign system
| Order | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | ㄱ | ㅋ | ㄴ | ㄷ | ㅌ | ㄹ | ㅿ | ㅁ | ㅃ | ㅍ | ㅂ | ㅅ | ㅆ | ㅈ | ㅊ | ㅎ | ㅏ | ㅑ | ㅐ | ㅒ | ㅓ | ㅕ | ㅜ | ㅠ | ㅡ | ㅣ | ㅇ | ||
| Latin | g | k | n | d | t | l | r | m | b | p | v | s | lh | j | c | h | a | ya | e | ye | ŏ (o) | yŏ (yo) | u | yu | ŭ | i | w | y | |
| Cyrillic | г | к | н | д | т | л | р | м | б | п | в | с | лх | дж | ч | х | а | я | е | йе | ŏ (o) | йŏ (йo) | у | ю | ъ | и | ў | й, ь | |
| IPA Sound | ɡ̊ | kʰ | n | d̥ | tʰ | l | ɾ | m | b̥ | pʰ | v | s~s̝ | ɮ̊~ɬ | d̥͡z̝̊ | t͡s̝ʰ | x~h | a | ja | ɛ(~e) | jɛ | ʌ̹ | jʌ̹ | u~(o) | ju(~jo) | ɤ | i | w | j | Ø |
- ŏ is usually spelled as just o
Grammar and stuff
Syntax & Syllable structure
SOV possessor-possessee noun like adjectives adjective-noun postpositions aux-verb
syllables:(C)(S)V(L)(C) C - consonant S - semivowel V - vowel L - l ɾ m n
Nouns
Number
- singular: no affix (wen)
- plural: +lhⓥ (wenlhe)
- plural when word ends in /d̥͡z̝̊, s̝, ɮ̊, l/ or in a consonant cluster: +ⓥn (jeld -> jelden)
Articles
| Type | Singular | Plural | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Word | Аffix (end-consonant) |
Example | Аffix (end-vowel & L consonant) |
Example | Word | Аffix (-lhⓥ) |
Example | Аffix (-ⓥn) |
Example | |
| indefinite | jeld (time/weather) | kŏ (stone) | wenlhe (people) | wasan (trees) | ||||||
| definite | -ⓥ | jelde (the time/weather) | -tⓥ | kŏtu (the stone) | -tⓥ | wenlhete (the people) | -tⓥ | wasanta (the trees) | ||
| Proximal- demonstrative |
kum | -kⓥm | jeldkem (this time/weather) | -kⓥm | kŏkum (this stone) | kulhun | -lhⓥ | wenlhelhe (these people) | -ⓥn | wasanan (these trees) |
| Distal- demonstrative |
hwa | -hⓥw | jeldhew (that time/weather) | -hⓥw | kŏhuw (that stone) | hwalhan | -hⓥw | wenlhehew (those people) | -hⓥw | wasanhaw (those trees) |
Cases
| Case | end-vowel & L consonants |
end-consonant | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Affix | Example | Affix | Example | |
| Nominative | -Ø | dilha (woman -NOM) | -Ø | lheh (canoe -NOM) |
| Dative | -(ⓥ)d | dilhad (to a woman) | -ⓥd | lhehed (to a canoe) |
| Genative | -nⓥn | dilhanan (of a woman) | -nⓥn | lhehnen (of a canoe) |
| Accusitive | -hⓥ | dilhaha (woman -ACC) | -ⓥh | lheheh (canoe -ACC) |
| Instrumental | -dⓥw | dilhadaw (using a woman) | -ⓥwd | lhehewd (using a canoe) |
| Comitative | -kⓥ | dilhaka (with a woman) | -ⓥg | lheheg (with a canoe) |
| Comparative | -(ⓥ)rh | dilharh (than/as a woman) | -ⓥrh | lheherh (than/as a canoe) |
| Inessive | -(ⓥ)v | dilhav (in/side a woman) | -ⓥv | lhehev (in/side a canoe) |
| Adessive | -yⓥv | dilhayav (neer a woman) | -yⓥv | lhehyev (neer a canoe) |
| Postessive | -s | dilhas (behind a woman) | -ⓥs | lhehes (behind a canoe) |
| Superessive | -(ⓥ)m | dilham (on top of/above a woman) | -ⓥm | lhehem (on top of/above a canoe) |
| Subessive | -gⓥg | dilhagag (under a woman) | -ⓥgⓥg | lhehegeg (under a canoe) |
| Allative | -jⓥ | dilhaja (to/towards a woman) | -jⓥ | lhehje (to/towards a canoe) |
| Ablative | -(ⓥ)lh | dilhalh (from a woman) | -ⓥlh | lhehelh (from a canoe) |
| Lative | -cⓥ | dilhaca (going in/side a woman) | -cⓥ | lhehce (going in/side a canoe) |
| Elative | -(ⓥ)w | dilhaw (out of a woman) | -ⓥw | lhehew (out of a canoe) |
| Prolative | -(ⓥ)kⓥl | dilhakal (via a woman) | -ⓥkⓥl | lhehekel (via a canoe) |
Pronouns
| Person & Number | Proclitic form | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOM | DAT | GEN | ACC | INS | COM | COMP | INE | ADE | POSTE | SUPE | SUBE | ALL | ABL | LAT | ELA | PROL | |||
| Singular | 1st | jŏ | ded | denen | de | dedew | deke | derh | dev | jev | des | dem | degeg | deje | delh | dece | dew | dekel | |
| 2nd | Close friends |
bi | bed | benen | wa | bedew | beke | berh | bev | beyev | bes | bem | begeg | beje | belh | bece | bew | bekel | |
| General | bya | be | |||||||||||||||||
| Formal | lhu | lhed | lhenen | lhe | lhedew | lheke | lherh | lhev | lheyev | lhes | lhem | lhegeg | lheje | lhelh | lhece | lhew | lhekel | ||
| 3d | yŏ | yed | yenen | ye | yedew | yeke | yerh | yev | yeyev | yes | yem | yegeg | yeje | yelh | yece | yew | yekel | ||
| Plural | 1st | Inclusive | myŭn | myŭd | myŭnan | myŭ | myŭdaw | myŭka | myŭrh | myŭv | myŭyav | myŭs | myŭm | myŭgag | myŭja | myŭlh | myŭca | myŭw | myŭkal |
| Exclusive | nyŭn | nyŭd | nyŭnan | nyŭ | nyŭdaw | nyŭka | nyŭrh | nyŭv | nyŭyav | nyŭs | nyŭm | nyŭgag | nyŭja | nyŭlh | nyŭca | nyŭw | nyŭkal | ||
| 2nd | General/ Formal |
lhŭn | lhŭd | lhŭnan | lhŭ | lhŭdaw | lhŭka | lhŭrh | lhŭv | lhŭyav | lhŭs | lhŭm | lhŭgag | lhŭja | lhŭlh | lhŭca | lhŭw | lhŭkal | |
| Close Friends |
bŭn | bŭd | bŭnan | bŭ | bŭdaw | bŭka | bŭrh | bŭv | bŭyav | bŭs | bŭm | bŭgag | bŭja | bŭlh | bŭca | bŭw | bŭkal | ||
| 3d | yŭn | yŭd | yŭnan | yŭ | yŭdaw | yŭka | yŭrh | yŭv | yŭyav | yŭs | yŭm | yŭgag | yŭja | yŭlh | yŭca | yŭw | yŭkal | ||
| Self | dwŭnan | dwŭ | |||||||||||||||||
Possessive
| Person & Number | Proclitic form | Enclitic form | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| start/end consonant |
start/end vowel |
start/end consonant |
start/end vowel | |||
| Affix | Affix | Affix | Affix | |||
| Singular | 1st | ju- | juj- | -(v)ju | -ju | |
| 2nd | s̠u- | s̠uj- | -s̠u | |||
| 3d | Animate | itu- | ituj- | -itu | -jtu | |
| Inanimate | ymu- | ymuj- | -ymu | -jmu | ||
| Self | -(v2)ts̠u | -ts̠u | ||||
| Plural | 1st | nu- | nuj- | -(v)nu | -nu | |
| 2nd | s̠tu- | s̠tuj- | -(v)s̠tu | -s̠tu | ||
| 3d | Animate | ittu- | ittuj- | -ittu | -jttu | |
| Inanimate | ymmu- | ymmuj- | -ymmy | -jmmu | ||
Verbs
Lexicon
| Suffix | Used to create... | Example(s) |
|---|---|---|
| - | agents from verbs | |
| - | collective nouns | |
| -yⓥ | verbs from nouns | "ᄋᅻᆯ (wŏl)" a sound → "ᄋᅻᆯ유 (wŏlyu)" to sound, say |
| - | verb or instruments | |
| - | passive form of the verb | |
| -ⓥl -lⓥ |
nouns from verbs | "ᄋᅷᆻ (walh)" to wear, carry → "ᄋᅷᆻ알 (walhal)" clothing, bag "귀 (gwi)" to name, call → "귀래 (gwile)" a name |
| - | adjectives indicating the lack of something | |
| - | adjectives from nouns/verbs | |
| - | adverbs from nouns/verbs | |
| - | diminutives of nouns | |
| - | augmentatives of nouns | |
| - | locations (places related to the stem) | |
| - | inhabitants (of places), among others | |
| - | language of noun |