Earth

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Earth Earth symbol (bold).svg
The Blue Marble (remastered).jpg
A photograph taken by the crew of Ursa 3 in 2027.
Designations
Gaia, Terra, Tellus, the world, the globe
AdjectivesEarthly, terrestrial, terran, tellurian
Orbital characteristics
Epoch J2000
Aphelion152100000 km (94500000 mi)
Perihelion147095000 km (91401000 mi)
Periastron2022-Jan-04
149598023 km (92955902 mi)>
Eccentricity0.0167086
365.256363004 d
(1.00001742096 aj)
29.78 km/s
(107200 km/h; 66600 mph)
358.617°
Inclination
−11.26064° to J2000 ecliptic
114.20783°
Known satellites
Physical characteristics
Mean radius
6371.0 km (3958.8 mi)
Equatorial radius
6378.137 km (3963.191 mi)
Polar radius
6356.752 km (3949.903 mi)
Flattening1/298.257222101
Circumference
  • 510072000 km2 (196940000 sq mi)
  • 148940000 km2 land (57510000 sq mi)
  • 361132000 km2 ocean (139434000 sq mi)
Volume1.08321×1012 km3 (2.59876×1011 cu mi)
Mass5.97237×1024 kg (1.31668×1025 lb) (3.0×10−6 M)
Mean density
5.514 g/cm3 (0.1992 lb/cu in)
Equatorial surface gravity
9.80665 m/s2 (g; 32.1740 ft/s2)
0.3307
Equatorial escape velocity
11.186 km/s (40270 km/h; 25020 mph)
1.0 d
(24h 00m 00s)
0.99726968 d
(23h 56m 4.100s)
Equatorial rotation velocity
0.4651 km/s
(1674.4 km/h; 1040.4 mph)
23.4392811°
Surface temp. min mean max
Celsius −89.2 °C 14 °C (1961–90) 56.7 °C
Fahrenheit −128.5 °F 57 °F (1961–90) 134.0 °F
Atmosphere
Surface pressure
101.325 kPa (at MSL)
Composition by volume