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==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The name Euclea comes from the [[Piraea|ancient Piraean]] goddess Eukleia (Ευκλεια), the deity personifying glory and good repute.
The name Euclea comes from the [[Piraea|ancient Piraean]] goddess Eukleia (Ευκλεια), the deity personifying glory and good repute.
==History==
{{Main|History of Euclea}}
===Prehistory===
[[File:Thomas-dowson-lascaux.jpg|thumb|Animal {{wp|cave art}} from [[Gennefort]], [[Gaullica]], dated to 16,000 BC]]
Various species of {{wp|hominids}} lived in Euclea as early as 1.3 million years ago. The oldest attested Euclean inhabitants that belonged to the {{wp|genus}} ''{{wp|Homo}}'' is the {{wp|archaic humans|archaic}} ''{{wp|Homo antecessor}}'', whose fossils have been found in [[Carvagna]], [[Eturia]] and other trace regions around the [[Solarian Sea]]. ''{{wp|Homo erectus}}'' migrated into Euclea from [[Badawiya]] or [[Bahia]]. Sometime around 150,000 BC, ''{{wp|Homo neanderthalensis}}'' (Neanderthals) appeared around [[Cislania]] in [[Werania]].  The Neanderthals disapeared sometime around 28,000 BC. Contemporainously, the first {{wp|Early modern human|anatomically modern humans}} emerged on the Euclean continent around 35,000 BC. These first {{wp|humans}} also migrated from [[Coius]] and supplanted the Neanderthals. {{wp|DNA}} evidence suggests that {{wp|Cro-Magnon|early Euclean humans}} may have {{wp|Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans|interbred with the Neaderthals}}, as well as other hominids. The earliest habitats of early Euclean humans are recorded around [[Palestrina]] (Eturia), [[Llerta]] ([[Auratia]]) and Monroial ([[Gaullica]]). These first people were {{wp|hunter-gatherer|hunter-gatherers}} and {{wp|nomads}} reliant on {{wp|stone tools}}. Humans spread across Euclea and reached the western reaches of [[Narozalica]] by 10,000 BC.
[[File:Orkney_Skara_Brae.jpg|thumb|A preserved neolithic settlement in [[Estmere]]]]
The {{wp|Neolithic Revolution}} began in Euclea around the {{wp|8th millennium BC}} around [[Piraea]] and Etruria, influenced by {{wp|agriculture}}'s spread from Coius. During this time, many of Euclea's hunter-gatherer peoples became sedentary. Their lifestyles revolved around sowing and reaping crops as well as rearing {{wp|domestication|domesticated}} animals. Around this time, Eucleans developed early {{wp|social stratification}} and produced {{wp|pottery}}. Large caches of {{wp|Neolithic pottery}} dating to as late as 7,000 BC has been found in Werania and [[Azmara]]. This period also saw the development of primitive shipcraft that permitted the habitation of the [[Line Islands]] around 6,500 BC. Early Eucleans also built {{wp|Tumulus|burial mounds}} (also known as kurgans) and {{wp|megaliths}} (like {{wp|dolmens}}).
The {{wp|5th century BC}} saw the migration of various peoples. The {{wp|Proto-Indo-Europeans|Satro-Euclean peoples}} migrated into Euclea around 4,000 BC and supplanted many indegenous peoples. {{wp|Finno-Ugric peoples}} migrated into Caldia around 3,300 BC. They would later be supplanted by the Satro-Euclean {{wp|Celts|Tenics}} around 1,000 BC. The last major expansion of prehistoric Euclean peoples occurred in 1,500 BC, when humans made landfall on the [[Geatish Islands]].
Around 3,200 BC, {{wp|bronze}} tools were spread from Coius to Euclea, beginning the {{wp|European Bronze Age|Euclean bronze Age}}. The Euclean Bronze Age saw the rise of the {{wp|Minoan civilization|Esorian civilization}} on the island of [[Emessa]], described as the first true civilization of Euclean history. The Esorians developed an extensive trade network that linked Coius with Euclea. Merchants and traders would often make treatourous journies as far north as the {{wp|Tin mining|tin mines}} in [[Werania]] to trade in the precious metal. The Minoans developed a heretofore undecifered {{wp|Linear A|writing system}}, a ''{{wp|Sui generis|sui generis}}'' {{wp|syllabary}} that was the first documented in Euclea. In Piraea, the {{wp|Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean civilization}} developed as an important trade route to West Euclea. Southern Euclea saw social statification comparible with that of the {{wp|Ancient Near East}}, characterized by the development of primitive kingdoms with tribal, warrior, merchant and peasant {{wp|caste|castes}}. The Bronze Age of development and prosperity ended suddenly when {{wp|Sea Peoples|mysterious seafaring peoples}} attacked various [[Aurean Straits|Aurean civilizations]]. The resultant {{wp|Late Bronze Age collapse|collapse}} led to the {{wp|Greek Dark Ages|Piraean Dark Ages}} and the cessation of international trade.
===Classical antiquity===
[[File:Piraean_colonization_classical_period.PNG|thumb|Peak extent of Piraean territories and colonies from 750 - 200 BC]]
The Classical Age in Euclea began in the 8th century BC, when various city-states in modern-day [[Piraea]] were established and consolidated political power. This era is considered extremely formative in the development of {{wp|democracy}} and {{wp|political culture}}. The first democracy was established in the city-state of [[Lasithi]], where all male citizens were permitted to vote and in the {{wp|Agora}}. Furthermore, this period in Piraean history was formative in the foundation of {{wp|philosophy}}, {{wp|humanism}}, {{wp|historiography}}, {{wp|epic poetry}} and {{wp|drama|dramatic theater}}, all of which trace their origins to Piraean authors. Furthermore, Piraean authors were among the first to document {{wp|astronomy|the stars}} and {{wp|medicine}}. Piraea also saw extensive political expansion. Lasithi emerged as a {{wp|hegemon}}, presiding over the expansion of Piraean territory from Gaullica to [[Satria]] in [[Coius]]. At the same time, this period saw great infighting among the Piraean city-states. Extensive civil wars and feuding tore apart Piraean cities and relocated power among various city-states. The collapse of [[Prassa|Prassan]] hegemony in  217 BC marked the end of a cohesive Piraea.
In the wake of Piraea, Solaria rose, continuing or altering many of Piraea's age-old traditions. [[Solaria]] was founded in 757 BC, originally as a {{wp|monarchy}}. Inspired Piraean democracy, the Solarians overthrew their monarchical system and established an {{wp|oligarchy|oligarchic}} {{wp|republic}} in  511 BC. Contemporaneously with the rise of Solaria, the ancient city-state of Tyrrenhus rapidly grew in size. Solaria and Tyrrenheus were soon at loggerheads and fought numerous wars against each other. This period of aggression, known as the [[Wars of the Two Cities]], ended in Solarian victory and the subjugation of Tyrrhenius in 256 BC. Solaria became the dominant power of of the [[Aurean Straits|Aurean region]], though it often came under the sack of {{wp|Celts|Tenics}}. By 200 BC, Solaria expanded across Southern Euclea and forayed into Gaullica.
[[File:Solarian_EmpirePeak.png|thumb|Extent of the [[Solarian Empire]] at its peak between AD 318 and 417]]
The Solarian Republic came to an end in the first century AD, when power was consolidated in the lands of the first Solarian emperor. In the {{wp|pax romana|Pax Solariana}}, Solaria then embarked on expansion heretofore never seen in [[Kylaris|the world]], blazing a trail through [[Estmere]] and [[Swetania]] in the north and modern-day [[Zorasan]] in the south. The Solarian Empire established a complex, intracite system of bureaucratic government and centralization. Neighboring tribes such as the Tenics or the {{wp|Slavs|Marolevs}} were conquered, displaced and integrated into the empire. By 318, Solaria became the largest empire in Euclean history. The empire's advanced road systems enabled for the spread of {{wp|Christianity|Sotirianity}}. A persecuted religion for most of its early history, Sotirianity gained prominence among the lower classes of Solaria. Persecution of Sotirians was lessened dramatically when [[Emperor Honorious]] declared the faith the official religion of Sotiria, sidelining the tradiitonal {{wp|Religion in ancient Rome|Solarian polytheistic religion}}. The [[Solarian Catholic Church]] consolidated Sotirian literature and dogma.
{{wp|Germanic people|Weranic tribes}}, one of many displaced peoples in Solarian territory, began to menace Solarian authority These tribes were particularly troublesome in [[History of Gaullica#Solarian Gaullica|Solarian Gaullica]]. Economic troubles, overreliance on slave labor and government corruption had critically weakened the Sotirian Empire. Furthermore, the eruption of Mount Vecuvia led to the destruction of much of [[Solaria]], the jewel in the empire's crown, in AD 395. The [[Heavenly Dominions]] rode roughshod over Solaria's territory in North Coius, while Weranic tribes threatened Solaria to the north. These events culminated in the collapse of the Solarian Empire by 424. In its over thousand years of existance, Solaria was crucial in the foundation of {{wp|Roman law|law}}, {{wp|architecture}}, and {{wp|engineering}} (particularly {{wp|hydraulics}}). The language of Solaria, {{wp|Latin language|Latin}} is the ancestor of many of Euclea's most prominent languages, such as {{wp|French language|Gaullican}} or {{wp|Italian language|Etrurian}}.
===Middle Ages===
[[File:Tagamic_War.png|thumb|Advance of the Tagamic Horde and various Verliqouian counteroffensives during the Tagamic War]]
The collapse of the Solarian Empire left a power vacuum in Southern Euclea, which led to the rise of the [[Verliquoian Empire]], centered in [[Verlois]]. Led by [[Claude Gaullica]], the empire first pursued conquest in its north, capturing [[Estmere]] and [[Hennehouwe]]. The [[History of Gaullica#The Last Solarian Expedition|Last Solarian Expidition]] was the empire's greatest expansion, during which Gaullican generals like [[Tacitus de la Croix]] conquered the coast of Etruria much of modern-day [[Tsabara]]. The campaigns ended in AD 524 and expanded the empire to its height. By that time, various vassals of the empire had been established as far north as modern-day [[Kirenia]]. Successive emperors had trouble maintaining their lands and supressing internal rebellion and was often poorly administered. By the 8th century, the empire had decentralized and saw the rise of {{wp|feudalism}}. In the meanwhile, [[Narozalica#Great Vesemir|Great Vesemir]] was established as a loose {{wp|confederation}} of {{wp|Slavs|Marolev}} principalities; it would collapse in 910.
Decentralization in the Verliquoian Empire's [[Coius|Coian]] territories led the [[First Heavenly Dominion]]. The Tagamic hords commanded by [[Chanyu Ekkin]] rolled into and captured most of Verliquoian territory in Coius and mounted an invasion of the the empire's Euclean heartland. In  876, two Tagamic hordes landed in [[Auratia]]. The horde rapidly advanced into Euclea, tearing through cities and destabilizing South Euclea. The horde was met with feeble resistance at first and overwhelmed most Euclean armies in its path. The hords was graudally repulsed by the armies of Emperor [[Philippe II]] and [[Saint Chloé]] in 884, though Euclea would face recurrant skirmishes with Tagamics until the 11th century. The Tagamic invasion weakened the empire, though it was able to wage a [[History of Gaullica#Arciluco Swears Fealty|successful campaign]] against the [[Empire of Arciluco]], which also claimed to be a successor to Solaria, in 891. The Empire of Arciluco collapsed in 1000.
[[File:Affaccio_su_Piazza_Grande.jpg|left|thumb|The [[University of Montecara]], established in 1291, was a prominent center of learning during the Middle Ages]]
In North Euclea, [[Ghailles]] from [[Caldia]] known as Marauders or ''Lochlananch'' began a period of widespread raiding and conquest starting from 8th century and ending in the 11th century AD. These raiders, who had been motivated by [[Marauder Age#Probable causes of Ghaillish raiding|sundry factors]], birthed the [[Maurader Age]] of Euclean history and conquered lands in [[Borland]], [[Estmere]], [[Geatland]], [[Solstiana]], and [[Werania]]. In addition, there are records of Ghaillish pirates travelling as far south as [[Badawiya]]. The Marauders precipitated various political changes in North Euclea, and they were overrrun in many of the places they established a foothold. The [[First North Sea Empire]] was formed in 847 and frequently clashed with the raiders. In modern-day [[Geatland]], [[Gorm the Elder]] united the {{wp|Geats|Ancient Geatish tribes}} against the raiders in 944. The Kingdom of Embria, the predecessor state to Estmere, was establisehd in the 11th century. This mass movement of peoples expanded {{wp|Christianity|Sotirianity}} to Euclea's northern reaches. Almost all of Euclea practiced Sotirianity by the 14th century.
The later periods of the {{wp|Middle Ages}} was characterized by the growing and expanding influence of the [[Sotirian Catholic Church]], as well as its clashes with the [[Episemialist Church]]. This period also saw clashes between Euclean Sotirians and [[Irfan]], the most prevalent of these clashes being the [[War of the Crescent and the Cross]]. The {{wp|Medieval Warm Period}} allowed for greater crop yields that resulted in a population boom on Euclea. {{wp|Feudalism}} and {{wp|manorialism}} were the two most prevalent economic systems, and society was structured along a rigid heirarchy separating nobility from the peasantry. The system of {{wp|Knight|knighthood}} was created, whereby knights would swear fealty of arms to a {{wp|monarch}} or other ruler in exchange of lands. Consequently, this period saw many clashes between feuding lords eager to snatch up land and expand their wealth. Although this period has been stereotyped as a {{wp|Dark Age (historiography)|dark age}} in {{wp|historiography}} and folk history, it saw many advances in {{wp|theology}}, {{wp|poetry}}, and {{wp|philosophy}}. [[Montecara]] and other surrounding islands grew very wealthy off of trade between Euclea and Coius, much of which involved the importation and sale of {{wp|slaves}} from the latter. Excess wealth from commerce was used to patronize authors, musicians artisans and painters as well as many architectural works.
===Modern period===
{{Main|History of modern Euclea (1488-present)}}
[[File:Asteria_1740.png|thumb|Euclean colonial possessions in the Asterias, 1740]]
In 1488, a Caldish expiditionary force led by [[Assim Asteris]] discovered the Asterias for Eucleans. This "Age of Discovery" and Euclean exploration in the Asterias prompted the {{wp|Columbian exchange|widespread transfer of plants , crops and animals}} between Euclea and the newly-found territories. These exchanges, which also brought Euclean diseases to the Asterias, grew Euclean trade and brought great wealth to the continent that marked the beginning of {{wp|modernity}}. Comtemporaneously with the discovery and exploitation of the Asterias, [[Etruria]] experienced [[Etruria#Early Modern|a renaissance]] of new art styles, literature, architecture, and philosophy. The knowledge of {{wp|Classical Greece|classical Piraean}} texts, which had previously been lost, was revived and led to the development of {{wp|humanism}}. This period also marked the birth of various {{wp|nation-states}} across the Euclean continent, such as the [[Narozalic Empire]] in 1567. During this period, various Euclean powers established colonial administrations on the Asterias and trafficed [[Bahia|Bahian]] {{wp|slaves}} into the continent in the {{wp|Atlantic slave trade|Transvehemens slave trade}}. The 16th century saw a reckoning with traditional religious thought in East Euclea when {{wp|Protestantism|Amendism}} was formed as a protest move against the [[Solarian Catholic Church]]. Religious conflictss and violence culminated in the [[Amendist Wars]] from 1582 to 1607. The war guaranteed Amendists religious freedoms and territories of their own.
Euclean colonial possessions in the Asterias became concentrated around imperial [[Gaullica]]. Disagreements over colonial and territorial possessions bred many wars between various Euclean nations during a drawn-out {{wp|The General Crisis|period of crisis}}, most prominently the [[Ten Years' War]] between 1711 and 1721. In 1737, the [[Estmerish Civil War]] ended  in 1737, establishing a [[Kingdom of Estmere|constitutional monarchy]] and the rise of {{wp|liberalism}}. This period coincided with the {{wp|Age of Englightment}}, which placed value on reason, {{wp|empiricism}} and the {{wp|scientific method}}. Discontent between the colonists and the home countries culminated in the [[Asterian War of Secession]], which saw many statss in [[Asteria Superior]] and [[Asteria Inferior|Inferior]] declare and win their independence from various Euclean powers by the end of the 18th century. The loss of Euclean colonies in the Asterias ended the {{wp|mercantilism|merchantist model}} and led to the rise of {{wp|capitalism|capitalist economies}}. The {{wp|Industrialization|industrialization of Euclea}} in the 18th and 19th centuries transformed most of Euclea's nations from {{wp|agrarian society}} to those based on {{wp|Secondary sector of the economy|manufacturing}}. The industrialization of Euclea saw the development of {{wp|machine technology}} and the rapid advance of {{wp|technology|technological}} {{wp|innovation}}.
[[File:Royal_Irish_Rifles_ration_party_Somme_July_1916.jpg|thumb|Weranian troops entrenched along the border with Occupied Estmere during the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]]]]
Industrialization and the liberalization of wealth precipated profound social, political and technological changes. During the 19th century, various Euclean nations underwent {{wp|democratization}}, either {{wp|abolition of monarchy|abolishing}} or reforming their monarchies and ending {{wp|Autocracy|political absolutism}} during the [[Euclean Spring]]. These events were met with the rise of new political movements in Euclea, such as {{wp|nationalism}} and {{wp|imperialism}}. Euclean colonies were established in [[Coius]] during the {{wp|Scramble for Africa|Scramble for Bahia}}. In 1813, [[Baséland]] was created as a protectorate of Gaullica. Colonialism in Bahia and [[Badawiya]] established the [[Toubacterie]], which was often met by [[Sougoulie|unsuccessful resistance]] from the indigenous peoples. The [[First Narozalic Civil War]] from 1857 to 1861 resulted in the abolition of the Narozalic monarchy and the creation of modern Narozalica under [[Eduard Olsov]] — a watershed development in this era. The events of the spring were formative in the [[Weranian Unification|unification of Werania]] in 1842. The Euclean Spring ended after the [[Engström Revolt]] was defeated in 1866. The new political landscape involved a tenuous {{wp|balance of power}} between [[Gaullica]], [[Kingdom of Estmere|Estmere]], [[Werania]], [[Etruria]], and [[Narozalica]]. This balance of power was significantly upset both internally and externally following the [[Great Collapse]] in 1913. The rise of [[Functionalist Gaullica|functionalism in Gaullica]] under [[Rafael Duclerque]] as well as massive shifts in {{wp|geopolitics|geopolitical headwinds}} culminated in the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] starting in 1927. The war pit the [[Grand Alliance]] against the [[Entente]], resulting in a loss for the latter. It was the deadliest in the history of [[Kylaris|the world]] and saw the innovation of new military technologies and strategies, such as {{wp|chemical weapons}} and {{wp|trench warfare}}.
[[File:Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_(081).jpg|left|thumb|The signing of the [[Euclean Community#Treaty of Vesalla|Treaty of Vesalla]] in 1983 established the {{wp|euro|euclo}} as the official currency of the [[Euclean Community|EC]]]]
The Great War destroyed much of Euclea's industry and killed millions of its people. In response to the violence, various {{wp|supranational organizations}} were established in Euclea, most notably the [[Euclean Community#United Nations of Euclea|United Nations of Euclea]] in 1936, later known as the [[Euclean Community]]. The {{wp|Marshall Plan|Euclean Recovery Plan}}, which was directed by the EC, orchestrated  economic recovery and the establishment of the {{wp|postwar consensus}}. Post-war tensions led to the partition of [[Miersa]] into [[East Miersa|East]] and [[West Miersa|West]] under the [[Godfredson Plan]] in 1936. Despite attempts at maintaining peace, a local conflict between the authoritarian [[Etrurian Revolutionary Republic]] and [[Piraea]] ballooned into the [[Solarian War]] from 1943  to 1946. Etruria's invasion of various colonial territories and a [[Piraean Genocide|genocide against ethnic Piraeans]] resulted in [[Community of Nations]] intervention against it that hastened its defeat. The 1940s and 50s were marked by a wave of {{wp|Pan-Africanism|Pan-Bahist}} movements that demanded {{wp|home rule}}. This resulted in the {{wp|deconolization}} of Bahia. Scientific advancement after the Great War led to the creation of the {{wp|nuclear bomb}}, whose {{wp|nuclear proliferation|proliferation}} was curbed by the [[Treaty of Shanbally]] in 1965. Many nations experienced political instability during the late 20th century; In Etruria, an authoritarian [[military dictatorship in Etruria|military dictatorship]] was established between 1960 and 1984, while Narozalica underwent a long period of civil strife between the Narozalican governemnt and Zalyks during the [[Sostava War]]. Many Euclean nations restructered their economies following economic recessions in the 1970s, one consequence of which was the rise of {{wp|globalism}}. Narozalica loosened its control over its former territories and established [[Samorspi]]. Meanwhile, the Euclean community established its [[Euclean Parliament|parliament]] in 1964 and {{wp|monetary policy|monetary system}} in 1983. The Euclean Community remains the world's foremost {{wp|superpower}}, though it was rocked when Etruria voted to leave the union in 2016.


==Geography==
==Geography==
Line 58: Line 109:
| [[Ramona Veleșean]]
| [[Ramona Veleșean]]
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic
|-
| {{flagicon image|Auratiaflag.png}} [[Auratia]]
| {{flagicon image|Cienfloresflag.png}} [[Cienflores]]
| 33,020,000
| 240,886
| [[Enrique Santos Domínguez]]
| [[Germán del Caserío]]
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
|-
|-
| {{flagicon image|Azmaran Flag.png}} [[Azmara]]
| {{flagicon image|Azmaran Flag.png}} [[Azmara]]
Line 65: Line 124:
| [[Maarija Ryginsdohter]]
| [[Maarija Ryginsdohter]]
| [[Eryk Jorśsun]]
| [[Eryk Jorśsun]]
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
|-
| {{flagicon image|BucklandFlag.png}} [[Buckland]]
| {{flagicon image|BucklandFlag.png}} [[Dunhelm]]
| 6,825,000
| 90,443
| [[Freodhoric Ācden]]
| [[Godric Eoforlēah]]
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
|-
|-
Line 90: Line 141:
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic
|-  
|-  
| {{flag|Geatland}}
| {{flagicon image|BlastadFlag.png}} [[Blåstad]]
| 6,192,106
| 90,819
| [[Brunhild]]
| [[Karl Nilsson Jung]]
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
|-
| {{flag|Emessa}}
| {{flagdeco|Emessa}} [[Lyria]]
| 6,369,584
| 22,487
| [[Lisandrina Orunesu]]
| [[Xandru Grixti]]
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
|-
| {{flagicon image|Estmere.png}} [[Estmere]]
| {{flagicon image|Estmere.png}} [[Estmere]]
| {{flagicon image|Estmere.png}} [[Ashcombe]]
| {{flagicon image|Estmere.png}} [[Ashcombe]]
Line 103: Line 170:
| 909,388
| 909,388
| colspan=2| <center>[[Francesco Carcaterra]]</center>
| colspan=2| <center>[[Francesco Carcaterra]]</center>
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
|-
| {{flagicon image|Auratiaflag.png}} [[Auratia]]
| {{flagicon image|Cienfloresflag.png}} [[Cienflores]]
| 33,020,000
| 240,886
| [[Enrique Santos Dominguez]]
| [[Germán del Caserío]]
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
|-
|-
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| [[Presidency of Lemovicia|Presidency]]
| [[Presidency of Lemovicia|Presidency]]
| [[Sergiusz Galecki]]
| [[Sergiusz Galecki]]
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
|-
| {{flag|Minilov}}
| [[File:Flag-of-maljubav.svg|25px]] [[Maljubav]]
| 6,200,000
| 265,171
| [[Yaroslav Miher]]
|
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
|-
|-
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| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic
|-
|-
| {{flagicon image|Ordennya.png}} [[Ordennya]]
| {{flagicon|Solstiana}} [[Solstiana]]
| {{flagicon image|Ordennya.png}} [[Västdal]]
| {{flagicon|Solstiana}} Kvitastrott
| 27,000,000
| 27,003,197
| Area
| 884,477
| [[Johan Olsson]]
|  
| [[Clas Markuson]]
|  
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
| style="background:#b3ffff; color:black"| Directorial republic
|-
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia_(alternate).svg}} [[Piraea]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia_(alternate).svg}} [[Piraea]]
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| [[Maria Theopeftatou]]
| [[Maria Theopeftatou]]
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Poliania.svg}} [[Poliania]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Poliania.svg}}  [[Vesemir]]
| 76,558,975
| 1,239,473
| [[Konstantin II of Poliania|Konstantin II]]
| [[Aleksandra Preobrazhenskaya]]
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
|-
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Radushia.png}} [[Radushia]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Radushia.png}} [[Radushia]]
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| [[Raman Yarmoshyn]]
| [[Raman Yarmoshyn]]
| style="background:#437df3; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional theocracy
| style="background:#437df3; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional theocracy
|-
| {{flag|Swetania}}
| {{flagdeco|Swetania}} [[Swetapolis]]
| 52,853,207
| Area
| colspan=2| <center>[[Presidium of the General Congress of the Panswetanian Workers' State|Presidium of the General Congress]]</center>
| style="background:#b3ffff; color:black"| Directorial republic
|-
| {{flagicon image|Swiss Guard Flag PP Francis-Anrig.png}} [[Ecclesiastical State of Tibernum|Tibernum]]
| {{flagicon image|Swiss Guard Flag PP Francis-Anrig.png}} [[Tibernum City]]
| 842
| Area
| colspan=2| <center>[[Pope Joseph]]</center>
| style="background:#ff6666; color:black"| Absolute monarchy
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Varienland.png}} [[Varienland]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Varienland.png}} [[Rosenborg]]
| 7,538,726
| 90,819
| [[Georg-Frederik IV of Varienland|Georg-Frederik IV]]
| [[Nils H. Thornbæk]]
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
|-  
|-  
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Tbilisi.svg}} [[Vedmed]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Tbilisi.svg}} [[Vedmed]]
Line 226: Line 247:
| 149,023
| 149,023
| [[Erekle Botkoveli]]
| [[Erekle Botkoveli]]
|
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
|-
| {{flag|Velzemia}}
| {{flagicon|Velzemia}} Paltamo
| 17,013,556
| 372,431
| Anssi Keskitalo
|
|
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
Line 256: Line 269:
{{Template:Kylaris}}
{{Template:Kylaris}}
[[Category:Continents (Kylaris)]]
[[Category:Continents (Kylaris)]]
[[Category:Euclea]]

Revision as of 01:12, 12 September 2020

Euclea
Euclea orthographic.png
Area9,511,739 km²
Population729,533,766
Density77 people per km²
GDP (nominal, millions)$22,469,614
GDP per capita$30,800
Time zonesUTC +2 to –4

Euclea is a continent located entirely in the Northern and Western Hemispheres of Kylaris. It is bordered to the north by the Pervovo Sea, Boreal Sea, Ghaillish Sea, and North Sea, to the east by the Florian Ocean and Gulf of Assonaire, to the south by the Solarian Sea and Mazdan Sea, and to the west by the Lumine Ocean. Coius lies to the south and east.

Euclea covers approximately one sixteenth of Kylaris's surface and is home to slightly over one fifth of its population. It is the world's second-most populous continent after Coius and is its richest on a gross GDP basis; nearly 40% of the world's aggregate GDP is generated in Euclea. Politically, Euclea is divided into approximately thirty states, twelve of which comprise the Euclean Community. Narozalica is the largest country in Euclea, and Gaullica is the most populous.

Etymology

The name Euclea comes from the ancient Piraean goddess Eukleia (Ευκλεια), the deity personifying glory and good repute.

History

Prehistory

Animal cave art from Gennefort, Gaullica, dated to 16,000 BC

Various species of hominids lived in Euclea as early as 1.3 million years ago. The oldest attested Euclean inhabitants that belonged to the genus Homo is the archaic Homo antecessor, whose fossils have been found in Carvagna, Eturia and other trace regions around the Solarian Sea. Homo erectus migrated into Euclea from Badawiya or Bahia. Sometime around 150,000 BC, Homo neanderthalensis (Neanderthals) appeared around Cislania in Werania. The Neanderthals disapeared sometime around 28,000 BC. Contemporainously, the first anatomically modern humans emerged on the Euclean continent around 35,000 BC. These first humans also migrated from Coius and supplanted the Neanderthals. DNA evidence suggests that early Euclean humans may have interbred with the Neaderthals, as well as other hominids. The earliest habitats of early Euclean humans are recorded around Palestrina (Eturia), Llerta (Auratia) and Monroial (Gaullica). These first people were hunter-gatherers and nomads reliant on stone tools. Humans spread across Euclea and reached the western reaches of Narozalica by 10,000 BC.

A preserved neolithic settlement in Estmere

The Neolithic Revolution began in Euclea around the 8th millennium BC around Piraea and Etruria, influenced by agriculture's spread from Coius. During this time, many of Euclea's hunter-gatherer peoples became sedentary. Their lifestyles revolved around sowing and reaping crops as well as rearing domesticated animals. Around this time, Eucleans developed early social stratification and produced pottery. Large caches of Neolithic pottery dating to as late as 7,000 BC has been found in Werania and Azmara. This period also saw the development of primitive shipcraft that permitted the habitation of the Line Islands around 6,500 BC. Early Eucleans also built burial mounds (also known as kurgans) and megaliths (like dolmens).

The 5th century BC saw the migration of various peoples. The Satro-Euclean peoples migrated into Euclea around 4,000 BC and supplanted many indegenous peoples. Finno-Ugric peoples migrated into Caldia around 3,300 BC. They would later be supplanted by the Satro-Euclean Tenics around 1,000 BC. The last major expansion of prehistoric Euclean peoples occurred in 1,500 BC, when humans made landfall on the Geatish Islands.

Around 3,200 BC, bronze tools were spread from Coius to Euclea, beginning the Euclean bronze Age. The Euclean Bronze Age saw the rise of the Esorian civilization on the island of Emessa, described as the first true civilization of Euclean history. The Esorians developed an extensive trade network that linked Coius with Euclea. Merchants and traders would often make treatourous journies as far north as the tin mines in Werania to trade in the precious metal. The Minoans developed a heretofore undecifered writing system, a sui generis syllabary that was the first documented in Euclea. In Piraea, the Mycenaean civilization developed as an important trade route to West Euclea. Southern Euclea saw social statification comparible with that of the Ancient Near East, characterized by the development of primitive kingdoms with tribal, warrior, merchant and peasant castes. The Bronze Age of development and prosperity ended suddenly when mysterious seafaring peoples attacked various Aurean civilizations. The resultant collapse led to the Piraean Dark Ages and the cessation of international trade.

Classical antiquity

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Peak extent of Piraean territories and colonies from 750 - 200 BC

The Classical Age in Euclea began in the 8th century BC, when various city-states in modern-day Piraea were established and consolidated political power. This era is considered extremely formative in the development of democracy and political culture. The first democracy was established in the city-state of Lasithi, where all male citizens were permitted to vote and in the Agora. Furthermore, this period in Piraean history was formative in the foundation of philosophy, humanism, historiography, epic poetry and dramatic theater, all of which trace their origins to Piraean authors. Furthermore, Piraean authors were among the first to document the stars and medicine. Piraea also saw extensive political expansion. Lasithi emerged as a hegemon, presiding over the expansion of Piraean territory from Gaullica to Satria in Coius. At the same time, this period saw great infighting among the Piraean city-states. Extensive civil wars and feuding tore apart Piraean cities and relocated power among various city-states. The collapse of Prassan hegemony in 217 BC marked the end of a cohesive Piraea.

In the wake of Piraea, Solaria rose, continuing or altering many of Piraea's age-old traditions. Solaria was founded in 757 BC, originally as a monarchy. Inspired Piraean democracy, the Solarians overthrew their monarchical system and established an oligarchic republic in 511 BC. Contemporaneously with the rise of Solaria, the ancient city-state of Tyrrenhus rapidly grew in size. Solaria and Tyrrenheus were soon at loggerheads and fought numerous wars against each other. This period of aggression, known as the Wars of the Two Cities, ended in Solarian victory and the subjugation of Tyrrhenius in 256 BC. Solaria became the dominant power of of the Aurean region, though it often came under the sack of Tenics. By 200 BC, Solaria expanded across Southern Euclea and forayed into Gaullica.

Extent of the Solarian Empire at its peak between AD 318 and 417

The Solarian Republic came to an end in the first century AD, when power was consolidated in the lands of the first Solarian emperor. In the Pax Solariana, Solaria then embarked on expansion heretofore never seen in the world, blazing a trail through Estmere and Swetania in the north and modern-day Zorasan in the south. The Solarian Empire established a complex, intracite system of bureaucratic government and centralization. Neighboring tribes such as the Tenics or the Marolevs were conquered, displaced and integrated into the empire. By 318, Solaria became the largest empire in Euclean history. The empire's advanced road systems enabled for the spread of Sotirianity. A persecuted religion for most of its early history, Sotirianity gained prominence among the lower classes of Solaria. Persecution of Sotirians was lessened dramatically when Emperor Honorious declared the faith the official religion of Sotiria, sidelining the tradiitonal Solarian polytheistic religion. The Solarian Catholic Church consolidated Sotirian literature and dogma.

Weranic tribes, one of many displaced peoples in Solarian territory, began to menace Solarian authority These tribes were particularly troublesome in Solarian Gaullica. Economic troubles, overreliance on slave labor and government corruption had critically weakened the Sotirian Empire. Furthermore, the eruption of Mount Vecuvia led to the destruction of much of Solaria, the jewel in the empire's crown, in AD 395. The Heavenly Dominions rode roughshod over Solaria's territory in North Coius, while Weranic tribes threatened Solaria to the north. These events culminated in the collapse of the Solarian Empire by 424. In its over thousand years of existance, Solaria was crucial in the foundation of law, architecture, and engineering (particularly hydraulics). The language of Solaria, Latin is the ancestor of many of Euclea's most prominent languages, such as Gaullican or Etrurian.

Middle Ages

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Advance of the Tagamic Horde and various Verliqouian counteroffensives during the Tagamic War

The collapse of the Solarian Empire left a power vacuum in Southern Euclea, which led to the rise of the Verliquoian Empire, centered in Verlois. Led by Claude Gaullica, the empire first pursued conquest in its north, capturing Estmere and Hennehouwe. The Last Solarian Expidition was the empire's greatest expansion, during which Gaullican generals like Tacitus de la Croix conquered the coast of Etruria much of modern-day Tsabara. The campaigns ended in AD 524 and expanded the empire to its height. By that time, various vassals of the empire had been established as far north as modern-day Kirenia. Successive emperors had trouble maintaining their lands and supressing internal rebellion and was often poorly administered. By the 8th century, the empire had decentralized and saw the rise of feudalism. In the meanwhile, Great Vesemir was established as a loose confederation of Marolev principalities; it would collapse in 910.

Decentralization in the Verliquoian Empire's Coian territories led the First Heavenly Dominion. The Tagamic hords commanded by Chanyu Ekkin rolled into and captured most of Verliquoian territory in Coius and mounted an invasion of the the empire's Euclean heartland. In 876, two Tagamic hordes landed in Auratia. The horde rapidly advanced into Euclea, tearing through cities and destabilizing South Euclea. The horde was met with feeble resistance at first and overwhelmed most Euclean armies in its path. The hords was graudally repulsed by the armies of Emperor Philippe II and Saint Chloé in 884, though Euclea would face recurrant skirmishes with Tagamics until the 11th century. The Tagamic invasion weakened the empire, though it was able to wage a successful campaign against the Empire of Arciluco, which also claimed to be a successor to Solaria, in 891. The Empire of Arciluco collapsed in 1000.

The University of Montecara, established in 1291, was a prominent center of learning during the Middle Ages

In North Euclea, Ghailles from Caldia known as Marauders or Lochlananch began a period of widespread raiding and conquest starting from 8th century and ending in the 11th century AD. These raiders, who had been motivated by sundry factors, birthed the Maurader Age of Euclean history and conquered lands in Borland, Estmere, Geatland, Solstiana, and Werania. In addition, there are records of Ghaillish pirates travelling as far south as Badawiya. The Marauders precipitated various political changes in North Euclea, and they were overrrun in many of the places they established a foothold. The First North Sea Empire was formed in 847 and frequently clashed with the raiders. In modern-day Geatland, Gorm the Elder united the Ancient Geatish tribes against the raiders in 944. The Kingdom of Embria, the predecessor state to Estmere, was establisehd in the 11th century. This mass movement of peoples expanded Sotirianity to Euclea's northern reaches. Almost all of Euclea practiced Sotirianity by the 14th century.

The later periods of the Middle Ages was characterized by the growing and expanding influence of the Sotirian Catholic Church, as well as its clashes with the Episemialist Church. This period also saw clashes between Euclean Sotirians and Irfan, the most prevalent of these clashes being the War of the Crescent and the Cross. The Medieval Warm Period allowed for greater crop yields that resulted in a population boom on Euclea. Feudalism and manorialism were the two most prevalent economic systems, and society was structured along a rigid heirarchy separating nobility from the peasantry. The system of knighthood was created, whereby knights would swear fealty of arms to a monarch or other ruler in exchange of lands. Consequently, this period saw many clashes between feuding lords eager to snatch up land and expand their wealth. Although this period has been stereotyped as a dark age in historiography and folk history, it saw many advances in theology, poetry, and philosophy. Montecara and other surrounding islands grew very wealthy off of trade between Euclea and Coius, much of which involved the importation and sale of slaves from the latter. Excess wealth from commerce was used to patronize authors, musicians artisans and painters as well as many architectural works.

Modern period

Euclean colonial possessions in the Asterias, 1740

In 1488, a Caldish expiditionary force led by Assim Asteris discovered the Asterias for Eucleans. This "Age of Discovery" and Euclean exploration in the Asterias prompted the widespread transfer of plants , crops and animals between Euclea and the newly-found territories. These exchanges, which also brought Euclean diseases to the Asterias, grew Euclean trade and brought great wealth to the continent that marked the beginning of modernity. Comtemporaneously with the discovery and exploitation of the Asterias, Etruria experienced a renaissance of new art styles, literature, architecture, and philosophy. The knowledge of classical Piraean texts, which had previously been lost, was revived and led to the development of humanism. This period also marked the birth of various nation-states across the Euclean continent, such as the Narozalic Empire in 1567. During this period, various Euclean powers established colonial administrations on the Asterias and trafficed Bahian slaves into the continent in the Transvehemens slave trade. The 16th century saw a reckoning with traditional religious thought in East Euclea when Amendism was formed as a protest move against the Solarian Catholic Church. Religious conflictss and violence culminated in the Amendist Wars from 1582 to 1607. The war guaranteed Amendists religious freedoms and territories of their own.

Euclean colonial possessions in the Asterias became concentrated around imperial Gaullica. Disagreements over colonial and territorial possessions bred many wars between various Euclean nations during a drawn-out period of crisis, most prominently the Ten Years' War between 1711 and 1721. In 1737, the Estmerish Civil War ended in 1737, establishing a constitutional monarchy and the rise of liberalism. This period coincided with the Age of Englightment, which placed value on reason, empiricism and the scientific method. Discontent between the colonists and the home countries culminated in the Asterian War of Secession, which saw many statss in Asteria Superior and Inferior declare and win their independence from various Euclean powers by the end of the 18th century. The loss of Euclean colonies in the Asterias ended the merchantist model and led to the rise of capitalist economies. The industrialization of Euclea in the 18th and 19th centuries transformed most of Euclea's nations from agrarian society to those based on manufacturing. The industrialization of Euclea saw the development of machine technology and the rapid advance of technological innovation.

Weranian troops entrenched along the border with Occupied Estmere during the Great War

Industrialization and the liberalization of wealth precipated profound social, political and technological changes. During the 19th century, various Euclean nations underwent democratization, either abolishing or reforming their monarchies and ending political absolutism during the Euclean Spring. These events were met with the rise of new political movements in Euclea, such as nationalism and imperialism. Euclean colonies were established in Coius during the Scramble for Bahia. In 1813, Baséland was created as a protectorate of Gaullica. Colonialism in Bahia and Badawiya established the Toubacterie, which was often met by unsuccessful resistance from the indigenous peoples. The First Narozalic Civil War from 1857 to 1861 resulted in the abolition of the Narozalic monarchy and the creation of modern Narozalica under Eduard Olsov — a watershed development in this era. The events of the spring were formative in the unification of Werania in 1842. The Euclean Spring ended after the Engström Revolt was defeated in 1866. The new political landscape involved a tenuous balance of power between Gaullica, Estmere, Werania, Etruria, and Narozalica. This balance of power was significantly upset both internally and externally following the Great Collapse in 1913. The rise of functionalism in Gaullica under Rafael Duclerque as well as massive shifts in geopolitical headwinds culminated in the Great War starting in 1927. The war pit the Grand Alliance against the Entente, resulting in a loss for the latter. It was the deadliest in the history of the world and saw the innovation of new military technologies and strategies, such as chemical weapons and trench warfare.

The signing of the Treaty of Vesalla in 1983 established the euclo as the official currency of the EC

The Great War destroyed much of Euclea's industry and killed millions of its people. In response to the violence, various supranational organizations were established in Euclea, most notably the United Nations of Euclea in 1936, later known as the Euclean Community. The Euclean Recovery Plan, which was directed by the EC, orchestrated economic recovery and the establishment of the postwar consensus. Post-war tensions led to the partition of Miersa into East and West under the Godfredson Plan in 1936. Despite attempts at maintaining peace, a local conflict between the authoritarian Etrurian Revolutionary Republic and Piraea ballooned into the Solarian War from 1943 to 1946. Etruria's invasion of various colonial territories and a genocide against ethnic Piraeans resulted in Community of Nations intervention against it that hastened its defeat. The 1940s and 50s were marked by a wave of Pan-Bahist movements that demanded home rule. This resulted in the deconolization of Bahia. Scientific advancement after the Great War led to the creation of the nuclear bomb, whose proliferation was curbed by the Treaty of Shanbally in 1965. Many nations experienced political instability during the late 20th century; In Etruria, an authoritarian military dictatorship was established between 1960 and 1984, while Narozalica underwent a long period of civil strife between the Narozalican governemnt and Zalyks during the Sostava War. Many Euclean nations restructered their economies following economic recessions in the 1970s, one consequence of which was the rise of globalism. Narozalica loosened its control over its former territories and established Samorspi. Meanwhile, the Euclean community established its parliament in 1964 and monetary system in 1983. The Euclean Community remains the world's foremost superpower, though it was rocked when Etruria voted to leave the union in 2016.

Geography

A climate map of Euclea

The Euclean climate is affected by warm currents that temper winters and summers for most of the continent, even at latitudes along which the climate elsewhere is severe. Seasonal differences are more noticeable farther inland than close to the coast.

Politics

Euclean is home to a number of regional organizations, most prominently the Euclean Community, which is currently the world's most fully realized supranational organization. Its member states have agreed to the free movement of goods, people, capital, and services, and have adopted a common currency, the euclo. Other major regional organizations include Samorspi, which brings together states that once comprised the Empire of Narozalica, the Aurean Forum, and the Northern Forum. The Community of Nations is headquartered in the Euclean country of Kesselbourg.

List of states and territories

Name Capital Population Area (km²) Head of State Head of Government Government type
Aimilia Kakzazna 6,708,921 100,000 Kabentim Teguzboded Manham Batsatindim Parliamentary republic
Amathia Arciluco 35,852,332 Area Presidency of Amathia Ramona Veleșean Semi-presidential republic
Auratia Cienflores 33,020,000 240,886 Enrique Santos Domínguez Germán del Caserío Parliamentary republic
Azmara Aalmsted 10,029,100 43,018 Maarija Ryginsdohter Eryk Jorśsun Parliamentary republic
Caldia Spálgleann 9,257,180 315,093 Kenneth IV Stiofán Mac Suibhne Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
 East Miersa Dyńsk 21,740,000 197,568 Anna Wlodarska Council republic
 Geatland Blåstad 6,192,106 90,819 Brunhild Karl Nilsson Jung Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
 Emessa Lyria 6,369,584 22,487 Lisandrina Orunesu Xandru Grixti Parliamentary republic
Estmere Ashcombe 56,519,373 Area Alice Roberts Reginald Wilton-Smyth Parliamentary republic
Etruria Etruria Etruria Poveglia 65,596,083 909,388
Francesco Carcaterra
Parliamentary republic
Gaullica Verlois 87,176,289 1,149,240 Jean Vallette Hugo-Noël Devereaux Semi-presidential republic
Hennehouwe s'Holle 17,125,503 130,279 Adriaan Wilhelm Paulus Rupert van Bleiswijk Parliamentary republic
Kesselbourg Kesselbourg City 1,424,500 8,000 William II Emmanuel Schmit Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
 Lemovicia Lemovicia Topagunea 2,502,577 41,834 Presidency Sergiusz Galecki Parliamentary republic
 Montecara  Montecara 1,801,328 1145.43
Colegio
Directorial republic
 Narozalica Narozalica Samistopol 88,081,653 2,985,973 Samuel Czenko Presidential republic
Solstiana Solstiana Solstiana Kvitastrott 27,003,197 884,477 Directorial republic
Piraea Alikianos 13,284,889 Area Pavlos Kassapidis Maria Theopeftatou Parliamentary republic
Radushia Chrivotovo 4,193,694 8,646 Macarius II Raman Yarmoshyn Parliamentary constitutional theocracy
Vedmed Tsivebi 10,578,243 149,023 Erekle Botkoveli Parliamentary republic
Werania Westbrücken 58,579,684 Area Charlotte Otto von Hößlin Parliamentary constitutional elective monarchy
 West Miersa West Miersa West Żobrodź 16,419,000 203,965 Sylwester Wrzesiński Adrian Rozak Authoritarian republic