Yuan

The People's Republic of De Yuan
Flag
Capital	Shanghan
Official languages	Yauneze
Government	One-Party Socialist Republic
• President	Xi Jingyi
Population
• 2020 estimate	564,293,000
GDP (PPP)	estimate
• Total	12.1 trillion
• Per capita	17,206
GDP (nominal)	estimate
• Total	8.2 trillion
• Per capita	10,839
Gini	46.7 high
HDI	0.761 high
Currency	Yuaneze Yen
Date format	mm-dd-yyyy

The People's Republic of De Yuan, also known as the Great Yuan is a country located in western Ausiana on the planet Iearth, bordered by Styrae, Barangadesh, Beleroskov, Mingonia, and Dasmistan, and to the north and west by the Toyana Ocean. With a population of 564,293,000, it is the Coalition of Crown Albatross's largest country by population followed by Zamastan and Emmiria. Shanghan is the political and economic center of Yuan, and one of the largest and most populous cities in the world with more than 28.8 million residents in the city and 60 million in the larger metropolitan area. It is governed by the Communist Party of Yuan, led by President Xi Jingyi.

Yuan emerged as one of the world's first civilizations, in the fertile basin of the Purple River in the North Yuan Plain. For millennia, Yuan's political system was based on hereditary monarchies, or dynasties, since the 21st century BCE. Since then, Yuan has expanded, fractured, and re-unified numerous times. Yuan is a unitary one-party socialist republic and is one of the few existing socialist states. Political dissidents and human rights groups have denounced and criticized the Yuan government for human rights abuses, suppression of religious and ethnic minorities, censorship and mass surveillance, and cracking down on protests.

The country is part of multiple international institutions and organizations, such as the Coalition of Crown Albatross, the Coalition Trade Organization, and the Global Economic Cooperation Initiative.

Geography

Yuan's landscape is vast and diverse, ranging from the Tobi and Daministan Deserts in the arid east to the subtropical forests in the wetter west. The Archissman, Yarakoram, Shamir and Tyian Shan mountain ranges separate Yuan from much of Central Ausiana. The Syhagtze and Purple Rivers, the third- and sixth-longest in the world, respectively, run from the Beleroskov Plateau to the densely populated eastern seaboard. Yuan's coastline along the Toyana Ocean is 14,500 kilometers (9,000 mi) long and is bounded by the Alutia, Xiani, and Sancheon seas.

Landscape and Climate

Yuan's landscapes vary significantly across its vast territory. In the west, along the shores of the Alutia Sea and the Sancheon Sea, there are extensive and densely populated alluvial plains, while on the edges of the Inner Dasmistan plateau in the north, broad grasslands predominate. Southern Yuan is dominated by hills and low mountain ranges, while the central-west hosts the deltas of Yuan's two major rivers, the Purple River and the Syhagtze River. Other major rivers include the Xi, Pekong, and Yjamur. To the east sit major mountain ranges, most notably the Archissman and Tyian Shan. High plateaus feature among the more arid landscapes of the south.

Yuan's climate is mainly dominated by dry seasons and wet monsoons, which lead to pronounced temperature differences between winter and summer. In the winter, northern winds coming from high-latitude areas are cold and dry; in summer, southern winds from coastal areas at lower latitudes are warm and moist. The climate in Yuan differs from region to region because of the country's highly complex topography.

A major environmental issue in Yuan is the continued expansion of its deserts, particularly the Tobi Desert. Although barrier tree lines planted since the 1970s have reduced the frequency of sandstorms, prolonged drought and poor agricultural practices have resulted in dust storms plaguing northern Yuan each spring, which then spread to other parts of West Ausiana, including Barangadesh and Gangkou. Yuan's environmental watchdog, YEPA, stated in 2007 that Yuan is losing 4,000 km2 (1,500 sq mi) per year to desertification. Water quality, erosion, and pollution control have become important issues in Yuan's relations with other countries. Melting glaciers in the Archissman could potentially lead to water shortages for hundreds of millions of people.

Much of Yuan has a climate very suitable for agriculture and the country recently has been the world's largest producer of rice, wheat, tomatoes, eggplant, grapes, watermelon, spinach, and many other crops.

Biodiversity

A giant panda, Yuan's most famous endangered and endemic species, at the Shengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding in Shengdu

Yuan is a megadiverse country with over 34,687 species of animals and vascular plants, making it the third-most biodiverse country in the world, after Cadair and Zamastan. Yuan is home to at least 551 species of mammals (the third-highest such number in the world), 1,221 species of birds (eighth), 424 species of reptiles (seventh) and 333 species of amphibians (seventh). Wildlife in Yuan share habitat with and bear acute pressure from the world's largest population of Homo sapiens. At least 840 animal species are threatened, vulnerable or in danger of local extinction in Yuan, due mainly to human activity such as habitat destruction, pollution and poaching for food, fur and ingredients for traditional Yuaneze medicine. Endangered wildlife is protected by law, and as of 2005, the country has over 2,349 nature reserves, covering a total area of 149.95 million hectares, 25 percent of Yuan's total land area. The Yuaneze River Dolphin was confirmed extinct in 2006.

Yuan has over 32,000 species of vascular plants, and is home to a variety of forest types. Cold coniferous forests predominate in the north of the country, supporting animal species such as moose and Ausianan black bear, along with over 120 bird species. The understorey of moist conifer forests may contain thickets of bamboo. In higher montane stands of juniper and yew, the bamboo is replaced by rhododendrons. Subtropical forests, which are predominate in central and northern Yuan, support a high density of plant species including numerous rare endemics. Tropical and seasonal rainforests contain a quarter of all the animal and plant species found in Yuan. Yuan has over 10,000 recorded species of fungi, and of them, nearly 6,000 are higher fungi.

Politics

The Yuaneze constitution states that The People's Republic of Yuan "is a socialist state under the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants," and that the state organs "apply the principle of democratic centralism." The PRY is one of the world's only socialist states explicitly aiming to build communism. The Yuaneze government has been variously described as communist and socialist, but also as authoritarian and corporatist, with heavy restrictions in many areas, most notably against free access to the Internet, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, the right to have children, free formation of social organizations and freedom of religion. Its current political, ideological and economic system has been termed by its leaders as a "consultative democracy" "people's democratic dictatorship", "socialism with Yuaneze characteristics" and the "socialist market economy" respectively.

Communist Party

Communist Party of Yuan is the founding and ruling political party of Yuan.

Since 2018, the main body of the Yuaneze constitution declares that "the defining feature of socialism with Yuaneze characteristics is the leadership of the Yuan Communist Party (CCP)."The 2018 amendments constitutionalized the de facto one-party state status of Yuan, wherein the General Secretary (party leader) holds ultimate power and authority over state and government and serves as the paramount leader of Yuan. The current General Secretary and President of Yuan is Xi Jingyi, who took office on 15 November 2014 and was re-elected on 25 October 2019.

Foreign Relations

Trade

Yuan became the world's second largest trading nation in 2013, second only to Zamastan, as measured by the sum of imports and exports. By 2016, Yuan was the largest trading partner of 67 other countries. Yuan became a member of the Coalition Trade Organization (CTO) on 11 October 1999. Yuan has had a long and complex trade relationship with Zamastan. In 2000, the Zamastanian Congressional Hall approved "permanent normal trade relations" (PNTR) with Yuan, allowing Yuaneze exports in at the same low tariffs as goods from most other countries. Yuan has a significant trade surplus with Zamastan, one of its most important export markets. In the early 2010s, Zamastanian politicians argued that the Yuan currency was significantly undervalued, giving Yuan an unfair trade advantage.

Since the turn of the century, Yuan has followed a policy of engaging with underdeveloped nations for trade and bilateral co-operation; in 2012, Yuan-Nortuan trade totalled over Z$160 billion. Yuan maintains healthy and highly diversified trade links with the Sotoan Basin Union and the Central Adula Trade Agreement. Yuan has furthermore strengthened its ties with major Adulan economies, becoming the largest trading partner of Qolaysia and building strategic links with Austrolis.

Territorial Disputes

Yuan is involved in both land and maritime disputes with multiple countries over the ownership of several small islands, mountain ranges, river borders, lakes, and plateaus. It claims that the country of Dasmistan is a Yuaneze protectorate (which the Dasmistan government refutes), that portions of northern Beleroskov are "illegally occupied" by Beleroskovians, and that the entirity of Barangadesh is an illegitimate nation propped up by foreign powers.

Pangchu, recognized by most of the world's nations as an independent and sovereign state, has long been claimed by the Yuaneze government as part of their territory.

Yuan has also long had a territorial dispute over the Zamastanian-governed island of Gangkou, which is stated as a Zamastanian Administrative District. The dispute stems over the island's history to Yuan in the 16th century before occupation and colonization by Euronian and Adulan powers.

Human Rights

Yuan uses a massive espionage network of cameras, facial recognition software, sensors, surveillance of personal technology, and a social credit system as a means of social control of persons living in Yuan. The Yuaneze democracy movement, social activists, and some members of the Yuaneze Communist Party believe in the need for social and political reform. While economic and social controls have been significantly relaxed in Yuan since the 1970s, political freedom is still tightly restricted. The Constitution of the People's Republic of Yuan states that the "fundamental rights" of citizens include freedom of speech, freedom of the press, the right to a fair trial, freedom of religion, universal suffrage, and property rights. However, in practice, these provisions do not afford significant protection against criminal prosecution by the state. Although some criticisms of government policies and the ruling Communist Party are tolerated, censorship of political speech and information, most notably on the Internet, are routinely used to prevent collective action.

A number of foreign governments, foreign press agencies, and NGOs have criticized Yuan's human rights record, alleging widespread civil rights violations such as detention without trial, forced abortions, forced confessions, torture, restrictions of fundamental rights, and excessive use of the death penalty. The government suppresses popular protests and demonstrations that it considers a potential threat to "social stability", as was the case with the Nichiaman Square protests of 1993.

The Yuaneze state is regularly accused of large-scale repression and human rights abuses in Dasmistan and Pangchu including violent police crackdowns and religious suppression throughout the Yuaneze nation. At least one million members of Yuan's Muslim Pangchu minority have been detained in mass detention camps, termed "Vocational Education and Training Centers", aimed at changing the political thinking of detainees, their identities, and their religious beliefs. According to the Zamastanian Department of State, actions including political indoctrination, torture, physical and psychological abuse, forced sterilization, sexual abuse, and forced labor are common in these facilities.

Military

PLAY honor gaurd in Shanghan

With 3.3 million active troops, the People's Liberation Army of Yuan (PLAY) is the largest standing military force in the world, commanded by the Central Military Commission (CMC). Yuan has the second-biggest military reserve force, only behind Great Epsilon. The PLAY consists of the Ground Force (PLAGF), the Navy (PLAN), the Air Force (PLAAF), and the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force (PLARF).

Culture

Cuisine

Foods from different regional cuisines: laziji; xiaolongbao; rice noodle roll; and Peking duck

Yuaneze cuisine is highly diverse, drawing on several millennia of culinary history and geographical variety, in which the most influential are known as the "Eight Major Cuisines", including provincial cuisines. All of them are featured by the precise skills of shaping, heating, and flavoring. Yuaneze cuisine is also known for its width of cooking methods and ingredients, as well as food therapy that is emphasized by traditional Yuaneze medicine. Generally, Yuan's staple food is rice in the north, wheat-based breads and noodles in the south. The diet of the common people in pre-modern times was largely grain and simple vegetables, with meat reserved for special occasions. And the bean products, such as tofu and soy milk, remain as a popular source of protein. Pork is now the most popular meat in Yuan, accounting for about three-fourths of the country's total meat consumption. While pork dominates the meat market, there is also the vegetarian Buddhist cuisine and the pork-free Yuaneze Islamic cuisine. Western and northern cuisine, due to the area's proximity to the ocean and milder climate, has a wide variety of seafood and vegetables; it differs in many respects from the wheat-based diets across dry eastern Yuan. Numerous offshoots of Yuan food, such as Gangkou and Pangchu cuisine and Zamastanian Yuaneze food, have emerged in the nations that play host to the Yuaneze diaspora.