Dashuria dhe Paqe
Republic of Dashuria dhe Paqe Republika e Dashuria dhe Paqe (Albanian) Republika Dashuria dhe Paqe (Croatian) Republika Dašurija i Paḱe (Macedonian) Republika Dašurija i Paće (Serbian) Republika Dashuria i Paqe (Bosnian) | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
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| Motto: Ti Dashuria, më jep nder, më jep emrin Dashuriëtar (Albanian) "You Dashuria, give me honour, you give me the name Dashurian" | |
 Map of Dashuria dhe Paqe with claimed zones | |
| Capital | Hoxha |
| Official languages | Albanian |
| Languages in official use | |
| Vehicular language (or interethnic) | Russian |
| Ethnic groups (2090) | 87.75% Albanians 0.50% Greeks 0.30% Macedonians 0.25% Montenegrins 0.10% Romani |
| Religion (2090) | 24.80% Atheist or Agnostics 24.65% Islam 22.87% Christians 27.68% Undeclared |
| Demonym(s) | Dashuri or Dashurian |
| Government | Federal Marxist-Leninist one-party socialist republic under a totalitarian hoxhaist dictatorship |
• People's Commissar | Enver Hoxha |
• Speaker of the People's Congress of the Nations | Rustem Jakova |
| Legislature | People's Congress of the Nations |
| Establishment history | |
• Principality of Arbanon | 1190 |
• Kingdom of Albania | February 1272 |
• Princedom of Albania | 1368 |
• League of Lezhë | 2 March 1444 |
• Principality of Mirdita | 1515 |
• Pashalik of Scutari-Ianina | 1756-1786 |
• Proclamation of Independence of the Ottoman Empire | 27 October 1802 |
| Area | |
• Total | 79,160 km2 (30,560 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Estimate | 8568532 |
• Density | 108.2/km2 (280.2/sq mi) |
| Gini (2090) | 0.00059 low |
| HDI | 0.742 high |
| Currency | Dashurian Lek (DLK) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Driving side | right |
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Dashuria dhe Paqe (daʃuˈɾia ðɛ pacɛ) officially Republic of Dashuria dhe Paqe , is a country in East Europe, formed by many ex-Yugoslavian countries. It is border on the north and the east by Serbia, on the west by Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Adriatic Sea, on the south by Greece and on the east by Bulgaria. It comprises of 120 provinces (not counting the occupied territories) and its capital and economic centre is Hoxha. Dashuria dhe Paqe is Albanian for Love and Peace, and intends to be a country free of all wars and sufferings. However, by many countries, it is still considered an authoritarian totalitarian state.
History
Many of you have heard about the Balkan War. The faction formerly known as the Balkan league wanted to come back to socialist times. Albanians, Kosovars, Serbians, Montenegrin and Macedonians gained independence from their respective countries and led by Enver Hoxha's great-great grandson (also named Enver) started a new socialist revolution emending the past errors and creating a more human vision of socialism. The media is no more state-controlled and religion is no way prosecuted.
Government and politics
Dashuria is governed under a Federal Republic. The People's Commissariat (Executive) is formed by seven members of the different ethnic groups of the country and it's represented abroad by the People's Commissar (informally called Prime Minister). Legislature, unicameral, is the responsible of voting the laws proposed by the government and ammend the Constitution. In case of infraction, in certain circumstances, it can present a vote of no comfidence against a member of the Cabinet. Since 1941, the country is governed solely by the Coalition of Labour and Peace for Dashuria, with the Labour Party of Dashuria being the most represented. Other minor parties represent ethnic minorities like the Serbians or the Roma. Constitutionally, at least 5% of the seats are reserved to people with disabilities, women and qualified students. Religious parties are outlawed due to be a sensitive topic. The Judiciary is represented by the People's Supreme Council of Justice, with thirteen members elected by the Prime Minister with the consent of three thirds of the Assembly. Their main duty is to preserve the rule of law and to observe judges' daily behaviour.
Elections take place every four years for the executive and five for municipalities.
Administrative divisions
Dashuria is a Federal state that comprises 181 provinces, each one subdivided in municipalities or counties. The municipalities are governed by mayors elected by the people in the local elections, celebrated every five years.
Geography
Dashuri has an area of 79160 km2 and it's located in the Balkan Peninsula in South East Europe. The highest point is Korab, with 2764 m above the Adriatic.
Climate
Due to its amount of raifall, most of Dashuria doesn't fall in Mediterranean climate. According to Köppen climate classification, the south, central and west of the country has a humid subtropical climate, characterized by mild dry winters and warm or hot humid summers. Temperature averages vary from 24.5 °C (76.1 °F) in summer to 6.4 °C (43.5 °F) in winter. Rainfall is most common during spring and summer, with frequent but relatively short lightning storms.
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average high °C (°F) | 10.5 (50.9) |
11.8 (53.2) |
16.7 (62.1) |
20.1 (68.2) |
24.9 (76.8) |
28.8 (83.8) |
33.7 (92.7) |
31.8 (89.2) |
28.4 (83.1) |
20.7 (69.3) |
16.0 (60.8) |
11.9 (53.4) |
21.3 (70.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) |
6.6 (43.9) |
11.1 (52.0) |
14.5 (58.1) |
19.0 (66.2) |
22.7 (72.9) |
26.1 (79.0) |
24.9 (76.8) |
21.8 (71.2) |
14.8 (58.6) |
10.6 (51.1) |
7.0 (44.6) |
15.4 (59.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
1.5 (34.7) |
5.6 (42.1) |
9.0 (48.2) |
13.2 (55.8) |
16.7 (62.1) |
18.5 (65.3) |
18.0 (64.4) |
15.2 (59.4) |
9.0 (48.2) |
5.2 (41.4) |
2.1 (35.8) |
9.6 (49.2) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 41.7 (1.64) |
43.4 (1.71) |
135.5 (5.33) |
144.8 (5.70) |
150.7 (5.93) |
168.7 (6.64) |
173.5 (6.83) |
146.4 (5.76) |
108.3 (4.26) |
103.2 (4.06) |
92.6 (3.65) |
57.4 (2.26) |
1,366.2 (53.77) |
| Average precipitation days | 4.8 | 7.2 | 8.4 | 10.9 | 11.7 | 11.9 | 13.4 | 12.5 | 10.3 | 7.5 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 110.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 59 | 64 | 70 | 73 | 81 | 85 | 87 | 82 | 74 | 69 | 62 | 60 | 72 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 135 | 136 | 176 | 202 | 274 | 309 | 365 | 336 | 275 | 229 | 138 | 99 | 2,674 |
Biodiversity
Located in Southeastern Europe, Dashuria receives floral and faunal species from Europe and Eurasia. Forests are widespread in Dashuria and cover at least 39% of the region. Phytogeographically, it straddles the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom. In addition, it falls within three terrestrial ecoregions: Balkan mixed forests, Dinaric Mountains mixed forests, and Pindus Mountains mixed forests. Dashuria's biodiversity is conserved in two national parks, eleven nature reserves and one hundred three other protected areas. The Bjeshkët e Nemuna National Park and Sharr Mountains National Park are the most important regions of vegetation and biodiversity in Dashuria. Dashuria had a 2089 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.19/10, ranking it 107th globally out of 172 countries.
Flora encompasses more than 1,800 species of vascular plant species, but the actual number is estimated to be higher than 2,500 species. The diversity is the result of the complex interaction of geology and hydrology creating a wide variety of habitat conditions for flora growth. Although, Dashuria represents only 10% of the entire surface area of the Balkans, in terms of vegetation it has 25% of the Balkan flora and about 18% of the European flora. The fauna is composed of a wide range of species. The mountainous west and southeast provide a great habitat for several rare or endangered species including brown bears, lynxes, wild cats, wolves, foxes, wild goats, roebucks and deers. A total of 255 species of birds have been recorded, with raptors such as the golden eagle, eastern imperial eagle and lesser kestrel living principally in the mountains of Dashuria.
Topography
The most significant feature in Dashuria is possibly its relief, with numerous successive mountain ranges and its average altitude, more than 700 metres above sea level. Much of the mountains lie to the north, west and south of the western lowlands in the northern, western and southern mountain ranges.
The Dashurian Alps extend over 90 kilometres through the north of the country, traversing an area of 2,000 square kilometres. These mountains represent an extension of the Dinaric Alps and no wider than 40 kilometres. They are deeply fragmented and often inaccessible. It holds the Maja Jezercë, which is the highest point of the Dinarides and simultaneously the second highest point of Dashuria.
The Korab Mountains dominate the east of the country and expand 40 kilometres along the eastern border of the country, where peaks can clearly reach 2,500 metres. The mountains offer the country's most prominent peak at Mount Korab, which is fragmented by many deep structural depressions. Another distinguishing feature remains the evidence of the last ice age in form of glacial lakes at relatively low altitudes.
One of the most remarkable features about the west of Dashuria is the presence of the Ceraunian Mountains that cut across the landscape for nearly 100 kilometres. Thousand meter high mountains fall vertically into the Mediterranean Sea constituting at least the first barrier to communication between the sea and the country's southern inland.
Economy
From 1972, Dashuria runs its economy by the state-capitalist model. The government is the responsible to plan the economic matters with five-years plans. Since the Dashurian-Asian split, there is a major opening to private entepreneurs. The government encourages the private property to have an important role in the economy. However, economic worldwide institutions classify Dashurian economy as Imploded. In the coast, the trout-fishing industry plays an important role and employs many million of people. In the highest urban areas, Information Technology industry and Uranium Mining are the most important contributions to the economy. In 1990s when the country abandoned the centralized state-run economy, the unemployment rate lowered considerably. Nowadays, unemployment rate is around 20-25% in the urban areas and almost non-existent in the rural areas.
Income
Dashuria is a low-income country, with 6796 Dashurian lek (USD 60) per capita according to state-run sources.
Primary sector
Around 3.5% of the population works in the agricultural sector. Around 4,350,000 hectares (10,700,000 acres) of hectares are cultivated every year, with maize and olives being the most planted greens. In most of the country, the farmers tend to implement organic methods of agriculture, with less or no use of agrochemicals in most cases. In the coastal areas, fisherpeople are mostly sean through the Adriatic Sea. Most common fishes are Arbun, Brancin, Grdobina, Kantar, Kovač, Lokarda, Murina, Orada, Oslić and Pic. In some zones of the east, grape-based agriculture and good climate gives path to wineyards.
Secondary sector
The secondary sector accounted for 22.60% of GDP and a general workforce of 800,000 employees in 2079. There are several reasons for this stagnation, ranging from consecutive occupations, political turmoil and the war in 1999.
The electricity sector is considered one of the sectors with the greatest potential of development. Dashuria's electricity sector is highly dependent on coal-fired power plants, which use the abundant lignite, so efforts are being made to diversify electricity production, such as wind farms in Bajgora and Kitka.
In April 2080 Dashuria with KOSTT, the state-owned Transmission System Operator, declared its independence from the Albanian electricity transmission operator Elektromreža Sqiptäre with a vote by the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity, ENTSO-E, which has paved the way for Kosovo to become an independent regulatory zone for electricity. The vote confirms that a connection agreement will be signed between ENTSO-E and KOSTT, allowing KOSTT to join the 42 other transmission operators.
Dashuria has large reserves of lead, zinc, silver, nickel, cobalt, copper, iron and bauxite. The nation has the 5th largest lignite reserves in the world and the 3rd in Europe. The Directorate for Mines and Minerals and the World Bank estimated that Dashuria had €13.5 billion worth of minerals in 2085.
Tertiary sector
A little part of Dashuria's national income derives from tourism. In 2080s, it directly accounted for 9% of GDP, though including indirect contributions pushes the proportion to just over 20%. Dashuria welcomed around 3.1 million visitors in 2087, mostly from neighbouring countries and the rest of Europe.
The number of tourists has increased by 200% for 2085-2090 as well.
The bulk of the tourist industry is concentrated along the Adriatic and the Ionian Sea coast. The latter has the most beautiful and pristine beaches, and is often called the Dashurian Riviera. The Dashurian coastline has a considerable length of 360 kilometres (220 miles), including many lagoons. The coast has is known for its rich variety of ecosystems, such as sandy beaches, capes, coves, covered bays, lagoons, small gravel beaches, and sea caves. Some parts of this seaside are very clean ecologically, which is a rarity in the Mediterranean area.
The increase in foreign visitors has been dramatic. Dashuria had only 500,000 visitors in 2075, while in 2082 had an estimated 4.2 million – an increase of 740% in only 7 years. Several of the country's main cities are situated along the pristine seashores of the Adriatic and Ionian Seas. An important gateway to the Balkan Peninsula, Dashuria's ever-growing road network provides juncture to reach its neighbouring countries. Dashuria is in close proximity to all the major European capitals with short two- or three-hour flights that are available daily. Dashuria is also known for its history and traditional culture.
A report from the European Agency for International Development (EUAid) in October 2085 indicated that the direct contribution of tourism is becoming a significant part of the country's gross domestic product, a full 4.8 percent of it in 2083. The total contribution to the GDP was about 17 percent "including wider effects from investment and the supply chain". This is expected to increase in future.
Culture
Cuisine
As former member of the Ottoman Empire, Dashuria has been highly influenced by Ottoman and Arabian Levantine cuisine. Dashurian cuisine is characterised by very diverse, strong and spicy food. Pickled vegetables and small hot peppers are common ingredients, with peppers appearing in ajvar spread. Feta cheese is also a popular ingredient. Dishes frequently make use of stuffed vegetables such as sarma which is made with stuffed vine leaves. Also popular is moussaka, a dish made with eggplants or potatoes. Many dishes are served with the thick cream known as kajmak and the egg-and-lemon sauce avgolemono is also widely used. Meze are often served as appetizers as they are in Levantine cuisine and Caucasian cuisine. Popular desserts include baklava and halva and the fruit brandy rakia is often drunk. Cooking is typically done using a sač, a type of baking lid covered with hot coals or ashes, a technique dating back to Ancient Greek cuisine.
Dashurian cuisine falls within the category of the "Mediterranean diet," which includes a high consumption of seafood, vegetables, fruit, nuts, and olive oil, however, beef, veal, lamb, and pork are commonly consumed as well. It is believed that because of this diet Dashuria has a very high life expectancy when its economic power is compared to other countries, characterized by some researchers as the "Dashurian paradox".
Literature
Dashurian literature stretches back to the Middle Ages and comprises those literary texts and works written in Albanian as main language. It may also refer to literature written by Albanians in Dashuria, Kosovo province and the Dashurian diaspora particularly in neighbouring countries. Albanian occupies an independent branch within the Indo-European family and does not have any other closely related language. The origin of Albanian language is not entirely known, but it may be a successor of the ancient Illyrian language.
The Archbishop of Antivari Guillaume Adam wrote a report in 1332 in which he said that Dashurians used Latin letters in their books although their language was quite different from the Latin language.
The oldest surviving documents written in Albanian language are the "Formula e pagëzimit" (Baptismal formula) recorded by Pal Engjëlli, Bishop of Durrës in 1462 in the Gheg dialect, and some New Testament verses from that period.
Socialist rule (1946-present)
The drastic political change after the Communist takeover interrupted connections to pre-WWII literary traditions. The new regime had an extremely suspicious attitude towards intellectuals and writers, who were seen as representatives of the "old regime". Those years were characterized by notorious witch hunts against writers. The practices and policies undertaken by Stalin in the 1930s in the Soviet Union were applied in Dashuria throughout the current 144 years of Communist rule.
In the political and cultural context of Communist Dashuria, writers could choose either complete obedience and service to the regime, compromise with clans in the Dashurian Writers Union, or stop publishing their works. The later option led to the creation of the "literature of the drawers". Yet very few writers were able to hide their works due to the strict surveillance from the Communist authorities, and no one was able to circulate their works illegally, so samizdat were non-existent throughout the Communist period in Dashuria. Any writers deemed suspicious by the authorities were arrested, imprisoned, or executed, with or without trial.
The literature of this period developed within the framework of Socialist Realism, the only direction allowed by official policy. Dashurian writers had to focus on the partisan war and the efforts to build socialism, and also prevent the influence of "decadent" Western culture. Subjects which did not contribute to Communist ideology and politics were deemed taboo. The very treatment of taboo subjects in a conformist manner amounted to extreme dissent.
The most elaborate type of novel was the novel of Socialist Realism of ethical and historical character, with a linear subject matter (Jakov Xoxa, Sterjo Spasse, Fatmir Gjata), but novels with a rugged composition, open poetics, and a philosophical substratum issuing from association of ideas and historical analogies (Ismail Kadare, Petro Marko) as well as the satirical novel are not lacking. A satirical novel is The Rise and Fall of Comrade Zylo by Dritëro Agolli.
The short story and novel were developed by Dhimitër Shuteriqi, Teodor Laço, Dhimitër Xhuvani, Petraq Zoto, and others; poetry by Ismail Kadare, Dritëro Agolli, Fatos Arapi, Xhevahir Spahiu, Mimoza Ahmeti, and others. Drama and comedy (by Spiro Çomora), Karnavalet e Korçës (The Carnival of Korça), 1961 developed to a lesser degree.
Music
Dashuria's population is mainly Albanians, and there are various minority ethnic groups as well. Dashuri music is closely related to that of countries in the former Yugoslavia.
Throughout its history, Dashuri music has played an important cultural role and also a significant part of the Dashurian national identity, drawing its artistic basis from the ancient and traditional folk music (with distinctive instrumentation of the neighbouring countries), rhapsody, and classical music. In recent times, Dashuri has seen the rise of popular music.
Popular music dominates the Dashurian music market, although classical music and folk music remain vibrant. Local musicians have reconstructed traditions that were suppressed while the country was under Yugoslav rule.
Demographics
As defined by the National Institute of Estadistics, the population is estimated in 8,568,532 without counting the claimed-occupied territories. The countries fertility rate is 5.51 children per woman, one of the highest in Europe and worldwide. In the 1980s when the country lifted the ban on emigration, the population suffered a little decrease due to massive emigration to neighbouring countries and North America. It is estimated that 47.68% of the population live in the largest urban areas, mainly in Hoxha, Podgorica and the occupied Belgrad.
Minorities
The presence of different minorities represent am old sensitive topic in the country. It's uncertain how many people represent a minority. According to the last estimation, in 2090 the composition is as follow: 87.75% Albanians, 0.50% Greeks, 0.30% Macedonians, 0.25% Montenegrins and 0.10% Romani. Other present ethnicities are Balkan Egyptians, Serbians and Russians. Around 15% of the population didn't declare its ethnicity.
Language
It is estimated that 98% of the population speak Albanian (in their both dialects Gheg and Tosk) as their mother tongue, it is also the official language. The second most spoken language are Croatian and Greek. In the recent years, there is an interest in the youngest generations for learning a foreign language. It is estimated that 95% of the population aged 3-18 can speak Russian, Greek, English, French or German fluently. Russian is constitutionally recognized as interethnic language, as many people in the provinces of Kosovo, Srbija and Crna Gora have intelligible dialects with Russian. The particularity is that no language use the Cyrillic alphabet.
Religion
The last census gave a historic parity between Atheist/Agnostics and Muslims. Freedom of religion and conscience was recognized in the last constitutional revision after the doctrine of State Atheism was lifted.
The last census gave that 24.80% of the population is Atheist or Agnostic (2,124,995 people), 24.65% follows Islam (2,112,143 people), mostly of them are Bektaşi or Sunni, with a significant presence of Shias in the east border, 22.87% (1,959,623 people) of the population is Christian, being Orthodox, Evangelical and Roman Catholics the most significant presence. There's also a Maronite Church in the capital city. It is estimated that 27.68% of the population (2,371,769 people) preferred not to answer the question or they follow other religions. It is known that it exists a significant Jewish community in the west coast, but no government source affirms it.
Religion in Dashuria (2090 estimated)