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Gaullica

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Gaullican Republic

République Gaulloise
Flag of Gaullica
Flag
Coat of arms of Gaullica
Coat of arms
Motto: La République est mon epée et mon bouclier
Gaullica (dark green) in Euclea (light green and light grey) and in the Euclean Community (light green).
Gaullica (dark green) in Euclea (light green and light grey) and in the Euclean Community (light green).
Location of Gaullica
Capital
and largest city
Verlois
Official languagesGaullican
Recognised regional languagesAmañeihiz
Gordes
Selórzan
Ethnic groups
Gaullican (89.1%)

Selórzan (3.5%) Gordes (2.9%) Amañeihiz (1.2%)

Other (3.3%)
Demonym(s)Gaullois (Gaullican) Gaullican
GovernmentFederal semi-presidential republic
• President
Monique Degar-Abdulrashid
LegislatureLe Sénat
Deuxième Chambre
Première Chambre
History
• Crowning of Claude Gaullica
426
• Unification of Gaullica
1407
• Centralisation
1410
• Republic Established
1936
Area
• 
786,321 km2 (303,600 sq mi)
Population
• 2015 estimate
87,176,289
• Density
110/km2 (284.9/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)2015 estimate
• Total
€4.221 trillion
• Per capita
€46,485
GDP (nominal)2015 estimate
• Total
€3.377 trillion
• Per capita
€38,738
Gini (2014)Positive decrease 24.0
low
HDISteady 0.928
very high
CurrencyEuclo (EUC (€))
Time zoneVerloin Standard Time
Date formatdd-mm-yy
Driving sideright

Gaullica (Gaullican: Gaullice) or the Gaullican Republic (Gaullican: République Gaulloise) is a sovereign country located in centre-west Euclea. The Euclean part of Gaullica is known as Continental Gaullica, whilst its overseas states are collectively referred to as "Overseas Gaullica". Gaullica is bordered by Hennehouwe and Kesselbourg to the northeast, Valduvia to the north, Aimilia to the northwest, Slirnia and Miersa to the east and Amathia, Etruria and Paretia to the south. It shares maritime borders with Chistovodia in the Asterias and North Kabu and South Kabu in the Vehemens Ocean. Gaullica is a sizeable 786,321 km2 (303,600 sq mi), making it the second largest nation in Euclea by land area, whilst it is the largest in terms of population with an estimated 2015 population of 87 million. The country's population centres are spread across the nation, but vast tracks of rural and untouched land still remain. It is a federal presidential republic with the capital in Verlois, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. The Constitution of Gaullica establishes the state as secular and democratic, with its sovereignty derived from the people.

During the Iron Age, what is now Gaullica was inhabited by the Gauls, a Tenic people. The Gauls were conquered in 46 BC by the Solarian Empire, which survived its dissolution in Etruria by virtue of the establishment of the "Verliquoian" Empire in 426. The Gallo-Solarians faced raids and migration from the Weranian Tribes, whom intermingled with the native peoples. Gaullica maintained a powerful player during the late classical and medieval period, but a series of civil wars neutered the Solarian remnant into a rump of its former self. In the early 15th century, 'Gaullica' was established as a separate entity of the Solarian empire. During the Renaissance, Gaullica experienced a vast cultural development - and re-development - and established the beginning of a global colonial empire. The 16th century was dominated by aggressive and defensive religious wars between Catholic-Euclea and Amendist-Euclea. Gaullica re-emerged as Euclea's dominant power by the middle of the 17th century, and dominanted Euclean efforts in trade and colonisation in the new world. Gaullican philosophers and scientists played a key role in the Age of Enlightenment during the 18th century. In the late 18th century, the concept of absolute monarchy was weakened due to the Age of Revolutions and the establishment of the short-lived Republic of Rayenne.

After the events of the Great War, the Gaullican Republic was founded after a popular consensus was reached that the monarchy should be abolished. The ultimate act of this was the execution of Albert IV - whom had led Gaullica during the war. Gaullica is now a constitutional republic and a federal state, as the Gaullican national identity remains a strong force in the country. The capital city is the historic Verlois and it is home to roughly over 8 million people, making it the largest city in the Republic. The President is currently Monique Degar-Abdulrashid, the executive head of state. The Premier is Mathéo Turzyna, the elected head of the Première Chambre - the Lower House of Gaullica responsible for legislation. The Deuxième Chambre, responsible for the representation of the Gaullican states, both continental and overseas, forms the Upper House. These two institutions form the Legislature, the Sénat. Since its foundation, the Republic has been dominated by three parties representing the centre, left and right.

Throughout its long history, Gaullica has been a leading global center of culture, making significant contributions to art, science, and philosophy. It hosts Euclea's third-largest number of cultural CoNESCO World Heritage Sites (after Etruria and Paretia) and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually, the most of any country in the world. Gaullica remains a great power with significant cultural, economic, military, and political influence. It is a developed country with the world's third largest economy by both nominal GDP and purchasing power parity. According to Credit Kesselbourg, Gaullica is one of the wealthiest nations in the world in terms of aggregate household wealth.

Gaullican citizens enjoy a high standard of living, and the country performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, civil liberties, and human development. Gaullica is a member of the Community of Nations, where it currently serves as one of the ten rotary members of the CoN Security Council. It is a member of the Council for Economic Co-operation and Development (CECD), the International Trade Organization (ITO), and the founding and leading member of La Gaullophonie. Gaullica is a founding and leading member state of the Euclean Community and a dominant member of the Euclean Council

Etymology

The term and name 'Gaullica' derives itself from the Solarian word for the province of 'Gaullia' - which in itself contained most of what is modern day Gaullica. During the times of the Solarian Empire the name was extensively used as Gaullia; meaning land of the Gauls the Solarian word for the collective sub-set of Tenic peoples who lived in the area. The term 'Gaullica' came into official use progressively throughout history as alterations were made following the fall of the Solarian Empire, eventually becoming the Kingdom of Gaullica.

Since 1936 however, it has become official to refer to the nation as a Republic. The change in the ancient old government has resulted in the dropping of most of the honourary monarchy titles. The country is now referred to as "The Gaullican Republic" or "Le Republique Gaullois"

History

ALL OF THIS IS PENDING REWRITING, RE-CONFIRMATION AND EXPANSION


Early History

Gaullica began as a loose area of tribal confederations. The largest tribes of these were the Annemi, whom later formed an integral part of the Solarian Empire's Auxilia Forces. These tribes were bound by culture, faith and the small fragmentation of knowledge that they knew they were quite similar; bound by "blood". Experts of the horse and shock infantry, these soldiers were fierce and battle and proved troublesome for the Solarians in their ventures. However, Gaullica officially became a province of the Solarian Empire following a numerous campaigns organised by the Solarian Consul. These campaigns pitted tribes against one other for personal gain, drove wedges in contracts bound by 'blood' and decimated local tribal leaders, whom only united under the banner of Cerrontignearix for one final defence at the city of Annemus - now Verlois. A failing on their part to unify to the threat of the centralised Solarian state led to their annexation. The Solarians noted two main linguistic groups in the nation; the Tenic Amañeihiz and the more hybrid-Weranian Gaullicans. All of the culture however, was generally replaced with Solaro-Gaullic and Solaro-Amañeihiz cultures; leading to vast changes that drifted both groups away from their original ethnic groups. Gaullica was also split into different regions and the Solarians also divided populations and split them, to prevent local identity to threaten Solarian Rule.

File:Claude Gaullica.jpg
A modern portrait of Claude Gaullica

Villages, forts and towns became cities of grandeur, outposts and forts. With their culture, the Solarians brought with them their technology. Solarian large scale public works programmes, which included things like roads, aqueducts and bath-houses. The Solarians then established the city of Verlois, on the site of the battle of Annemus to both commemorate and solidify their power in the region. The city grew and grew, becoming one of the largest during the final stages of the Solarian Empire. It is because of this, alongside its historic value, that Claude Gaullica would choose it to become his capital in the 426 CE.

With the rise of the Solarian Empire over the Solarian Republic the region of Gaullia's Magnate Potitus Lafrenius aligned himself to Augustus, solidifying himself in a position of power when the war was won by Augustus. Like most regions of Solaria, the province of Gaullica can claim two Emperors who came from the province: Titus Gaullicus Magnes and Antonius Verloian Gratus. Gaullica Auxilia Soldiers served in Solarian Campaigns across the continent and in Coius as part of the Solarian Empire, leading the saying amongst Gaullica Soldiers that "their blood across continents." Additionally, with the adoption of Christianity in 380 CE by the Solarian Empire, a systematic removal of the old temples (Or their conversion) took place in the already Christianised province of Gaullica. In the year of 425 CE, Cladius Gaullicanous marched his legions across his territory in an attempt to bolster and reinforce the city of Solaria from the impending attacks from the various Teutonic Tribes intending to assault it. The resulting battle was the Battle of Vincenne, in which the Legions of Gaullicanous aimed to break the ranks of their foes. It was an inconclusive battle, with the arriving reinforcements of the Weranians resulting in a retreat from the Imperial Forces. The failure to save Solaria from being pillaged, historians have noted, was a burden carried by the Magnate for the rest of his life. With the fall of the Empire in 426 CE, the Imperial Magnate of Gaullica; Cladius Gaullicanous became Claude Gaullica - the first King of Gaullica. He carried out extensive incursions into the former province of Plagnollia of the Solarian Empire; bringing the culturally Gaullican regions back into the fold of the much larger Gaullicanous Province. In the long awaited retaliation of the sacking of Solaria, Claude mounted the final campaign of his life before retiring to a life of 'sole Kingship', as noted by the chroniclers of his age. Rallying the soldiers of the Kingdom, he marched into the lands now known as Teutonia and drove a wedge through their territory, ransacking their capital city of Aachen in the year of 457 CE. This left a bitter rivalry between the two neighbours, which only continued to grow over the years. His son, Claude II, continued this process until most of modern Gaullica had taken shape. However, despite their best efforts, they could not stop the hordes of both nomadic tribes and migratory tribal clans whittling away at the northern most land of Gaullica; now part of Flamia. Despite his strength and power, Claude realised he would not be able to manage his kingdom from Verlois. He appointed his trusted advisers and generals the title of Comte, giving them land and title to micromanage as his vassals.


File:Eubert.jpg
A painting of Eubert, done by Ferloin Desquare

Middle Ages

File:Gaullican Feudal 1.png
The Gaullican Feudal Standing in 1100 AD.

Despite the fall of the Solarian Empire, the Kingdom of Gaullica claimed to be its most prestigious remnant. The aristocracy followed the Solarian titular customs, Solarian Law was the code for the realm and quite a large portion of the Solarian infrastructure had managed to remain - and, by virtue, constantly maintained due to knowledge stored in a great library in Verlois. However, after the death of Claude Gaullica and his few immedieate successors, little interest was given in maintaining this epochs of civilization and their decay became merely a footnote in the library of Verlois, most of which was destroyed in a fire in the year 601 CE. Despite this apparent focusing on the "Solarian way of life", Gaullica also entered a state where it began a generic shift back to its own culture. This created a rift between the lower classes, whom spoke a hybrid of Gaullican and Solarian and the aristocracy, clergy and monarchy whom all spoke in exclusive Solarian. This great rift was noted by the Bishop of Rayenne, Thiabult De La Remarq, whom set up the very first school for lower class boys. Similar institutions began being set up across the country, with the centres of learning finally reaching apex at the University de Claude in Verlois.

Gaullica began a downhill fall in the power of the central authority during the Middle Ages. Kings became increasingly weaker and the vassals became increasingly stronger. These lords were descendants from noble followers of Claude back in the days of yore. Whilst generally obedient whilst on campaign, for Gaullica's safety was paramount, the domestic front was much more different. Many lords resented their relatively poor fiefs and holdings in comparison to the Royal Lands - the Verlois Peninsula being a great source of maritime commerce and population, giving a great amount of taxes. Power struggles were common, with several lords having been executed on the grounds of treason by the loyal Duke of Marron in 1097 AD. It was later discovered he was actually the orchestrator of a grander plot, involving these unknowing lords, to further his own standing with the monarch.

Under Philippe I and his successor Constantine, Gaullica was under threat as the Caliphate of Islam, emerging from Coius, began a campaign into Epraria. The Kingdoms were overrun by 741 AD, when the Caliphate's armies entered Gaullica. Constantine rallied his lords and banner men, marching down to face the invaders at the Battle of Sessons in the same year. Despite the victory enjoyed by the Kingdom of Gaullica, Constantine fell shortly after the battle due to his extensive wounds. Historians agree these brief encounters at the mid of the 8th century, alongside with Gaullica's following campaigns into assisting the Eprarians with their 'reconquista', eventually driving the Islamic Forces out of the peninsula in 933 AD. Gaullica additionally participated in many of the Crusades called by the Solarian Catholic Church; Philippe III was King when the Pope in Solaria called upon the Catholic nations of Europe to rally under the banner of Christ to retake the Holy Land and he did oblige heartily, being instrumental in the creating of the first of the Crusader States that found themselves dotted upon the coast of the Levant. The preceding monarchs assisted in their own ways, with the final being Queen Marie.

In Euclea, Gaullica too maintained a very militaristic view towards her neighbours. Eubert the Conqueror, regarded as a great warmonger of his day, annexed the province of Hennehouwe in 1145 CE, during a civil strife within the realm and an heir crisis. After defeating Henry I of the High Kingdom, Eubert went on to solidify control of the area and win his claim as King of Hennehouwe. Additionally, Eubert's reign gave birth to the Knights Sepulchon, the first of the Christian Knight Hood orders. Eubert's son, Louis the Great launched several campaigns against the bordering nations of Gaullica, such as Epraria, across his life time.

File:Knights Sepulchon Charge.png
A romanticised painting of the Sepulchon Knights charging.

Under Queen Marie the Pious, the Kingdom of Gaullica participated in all the Crusades launched by the Solarian Catholic Church during her reign; most notably The Final Crusade . She herself participated in the crusades alongside her forces and those of the Knights Sepulchon, and was given the derogatory name "Euclean Whore" by the Islamic Forces. With varying successes across the crusades, Marie eventually returned home to a relatively peaceful time for Gaullica. A few years after her death she was canonised into the Solarian Catholic Church. Her death additionally marked the end of the Inquisition's prescence in Gaullica, as her successor King Philippe IV decreed it was no longer needed in the staunchly Catholic Gaullica. In 1383, King Frederic II engaged in a revolution occurring in Flamia. In his efforts to suppress the rebelling, he was killed by a crossbow bolt to the neck. This event broke the Gaullican forces in the region, whom abandoned Flamia until their next annexation in the first stages of the Great War.

File:Admiral Montefort.jpg
Admiral Montefort's Portrait.

Renaissance

During what many nations refer to as "the Renaissance" Gaullica re-found her old Solarian Roots. A great civil war occurred in Gaullica at the dawn of the 15th Century. The sons of King Jean the Mentally Unstable; Jean the Unready and Jean the Appropriately Named began a war that tore through Gaullica for seven years. It became known as The War of the Jeans and reached its final conclusion at The Battle of Sartoux in which Jean the Unready was struck down by a lance, moments before Jean the Appropriately Named emerged from the field ahead of his victorious army. With the country in his grasp, Jean became the ruler of Gaullica and centralised it and became known as King Jean II. Controversially, he disbanded the Knights Sepulchon for their "supportive nature of the false pretender" despite their officially neutral stance in the war. Modern historians agree he did this to prevent him from paying the Crown's debt to them.

When tales of new continents arrived in the royal courts of Gaullica, Queen Anne the Financier began allowing for the funding of Gaullican exploration and colonial ventures, which laid the foundations of the Gaullican Colonial Empire. Relations with the Jonathanian Empire reached to boiling point by the year 1527 leading to the inconclusive War of the Remnants that ended with the return to the status-quo in 1533. Despite its fruitlessness, this engagement gave the Admiralty its goals in expanding the Gaullican navy - a field which remained important to the Gaullican Monarchy directly until its removal. This expansion of the naval forces provided Gaullica with the initial stages in its colonial successes that would occur in the later parts of the Renaissance.

Under the reign of Francois I, Gaullica was enrolled in her wars of religion. Various groups across Gaullica had changed to various Protestant sects; and Francois himself did not fancy ruling over a realm dividing in religion. He sent them an ultimatum, telling them to renounce their faith and become one with the church or risk dying at his hands. The opinions were mixed, but all hopes of a peaceful solution were shattered following the Massacre at Lavelle, where both extremist Catholics and extremist Protestants fought eachother in the streets. This resulted in the issue of an edict, declaring that only Solarian Catholicism was a permitted religion in Gaullica and led to the establishment of both mass conversions of the Protestant populace and a few migrating away.

Her vessels sailed the ocean blue, with Louie Clarké charting the coasts of both the Asterias and eventually performing the famed "Voyage to the Orient", in which they established the first official Gaullican presence in Negara and its nearby countries, which would pave the way for the Gaullican colonisation of Siamat. This trip, which travelled across the coast of Boius, became the route that was taken by every vessel from Gaullica to Negara and with it came trade and opportunity.

File:Chateau Montefort.jpg
Château Montefort, one of the first Gaullican buildings in New Vercingot

In the year 1626, a Gaullican Nobleman named John Dejarlais had become King of Gyltter. Tensions rose due to his Solarian Catholicism and a civil war soon erupted; the War of MacIconic Restoration. Gaullica, wishing to keep its leash on Gyltter mobilised its fleet and rallied to the aid of King John. Under the command of Lord Viscount Thierry Montefort, the Gaullican Royal Navy engaged with the Gyltteronian Royal Navy at the Duel Upon the Waters in 1628. The Gaullican Navy proved its superiority that day and the Lord Viscount had managed to eradicate all threats at sea in one strike. However, the Royal Gyltteronian Espionage Division played one of the most ingenious military tricks to date. Sending false letters of supply and a fake letter impersonating King John, Admiral Montefort was led to believe all food stuffs were imported from Gyltter's Asterian colony. He re mobilised the fleet and began an invasion of Nova Gayledonia, inadvertently causing the fall of King John by not landing the Gaullican Reinforcements. However, in the peace settlement Gaullica received Nova Gayledonia and it became New Vercingot. This granted Gaullica a much needed foothold in Asteria. Gaullica's colonial ambitions did not halt at Asteria and in 1630, Valentin de Valema, a Gaullican Explorer and Nobleman discovered what the island of Valentir. Here Gaullica established their colony; Valentir - named after Valentin - and so began their expansion in the colonial game. Additionally, the island of New Anglet was colonised by Gaullican efforts in 1679, in an attempt to have a safe base to expand into Negaran Markets. This annexation led to some tensions between both nations, even in the modern day.

Gaullica helped the fledgling nation that was Asteria in her war of independence from the High Kingdom. Gaullican armies from the territory of Senouillac marched south to participate in the rebellion and the Gaullican navy sailed across from Euclea to Asteria, to force the High Kingdom to fight a war at sea as well.

File:Gaspard Pasteur.jpg
A photograph of Gaspard Pasteur, taken in 1865.

Industrial Era

Gaullica entered the industrial era on the tails of the High Kingdom. Agriculture became less and less manpower consuming at first, with more individuals able to work in industries. Verlois and Rayenne, the first two in Gaullica, became hubs of this new world overtime. It spread across Gaullica like a ravenous fire. Under King Francois III most of this did occur, the King being a central proponent of the Gaullican industrialisation in the years 1760 - 1814. His son created the paths for the Gaullican Railway in 1836 and his daughter paved the way for the rule of industry completely by the end of her rule in 1860

Under this period Gaullica had a varied control over portions of the world and also had a spree of colonisation. Following Corbet's struggle to maintain the Dictatorate in Caltarania, Gaullican forces under King Louis IV invaded the country. For the following five years until his death, Louis IV was both King of Gaullica and King of the Caltari. In 1788, under Bernard Thomas, the Îles Malouines islands off of Asteria Inferior were colonised by Gaullicans. Again, later on, Henri Dupont began the Gaullican tributary state annexation of Siamat in the year 1834. It became a proper Gaullican colony when totally annexed by Albert III in 1873 becoming the Gaullican Colonial State of Siamat, used to provide raw materials for Gaullica's expanding economy. It was also in this time that Gaullica's influence in Northern Coius became prevalent. The utilisation of gunboat diplomacy and incredibly Gaullican favoured deals led the the establishment of Gaullican Northern Coius, now consisting of most of Farsiastan, parts of Eryana and Al-Sharziyah in 1881, 1884 and 1889 respectively. This solidified the Gaullican holdings in the region, which then became heavily used as a source of raw materials for Gaullica.

The Teuton; Heine Mohr, a philosopher , economist, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist became a known figure amongst the Gaullican Nobility following his publications for several radical newspapers in his native Teutonia. As his radicalism increased, so did the opposition that emerged from the upper echelons of the Gaullican Social Hierarchy. The book, the Communist Manifesto, was out-right banned by the Minister of the King in 1853 - yet it still found its way across Gaullica. However its large anti-clerical and anti-religious views never gained much ground within the staunchly Catholic Gaullica, and instances have been recorded of Catholic priests mocking the work during their seminaries.

During her industrialisation period Gaullica imported large quantities of iron from Glytter, despite having much of her own. The Reine Belt, the strongest of the industrial areas in Gaullica, soon was established leading from Verlois across the country to the base of the Reine River. Industries of all sorts and all magnitudes could be found here - with child labour an additional problem facing the populace. Studies showed the horror facing children in those mines and by 1867, observers had noted the life changing effects work such as that could have on a child when they drew comparisons to a lower class child and an upper class child. Following this knowledge, the Chief Minister of the King, Hugues Voclain, completely outlawed the practice of employing child labour.

Perhaps the most important discovery in the history of medicine was uncovered in this period. Gaspard Pasteur was able to scientifically support the ideals of Germ Theory in 1863, following several extreme cases of Cholera and Chicken Cholera, and completely eradicated the old Solarian idea of Miasma. He also pioneered the technique of Pasteurisation. Gaspard's studies were wildly acclaimed across Gaullica, especially since Queen Stéphanie, the wife of Albert III, was reported to have been given a lecture by him on his theory and even a demonstration was given by him to the Royal Court and Household. Additionally, Gaullica gave the world modern photography through Chalon Niéponce, whom is credited as being the father of modern photography. His invention was wildly used by the middle, upper and royal families of Gaullica as a way to get quick and accurate family "pictures" instead of the lengthy portrait.

File:GRNClaude.jpg
A photograph of the GRN Claude, pride of the Gaullican Navy.

Additionally, at the bequest of Gaspard Pasteur and local investigator Jean Neige, the Gaullican Monarchy and Royal Court began an intensive study into the ideas of modernising the old Solarian Infrastructure that was present in Verlois and other major cities - and the addition of providing such works all across the Kingdom. Success was finally reached in 1887, were multiple acts were passed, including: The Housing Act, The Mandatory Health Act, The Vaccination Act, The Food and Drug Act and the Sewage Act. All improved the lives of the poor rather substantially. Under Albert III, additionally, the establishment of the first nation wide school system was also adopted. A national curriculum was set into place and the schools were kept in control of the government, not the church. It caused a slight annoyance from the Pope, but Albert III promised to not touch Catholic Schools and allow them to continue to teach, as a form of private school. This came hand in hand with the vast improvements to lives of the poor, which seemed to be Albert's motivation at the time.

File:Le Bon.jpg
Gavorde de Trintignant, the man behind Fascism

Modern History

In the 1890s a man named Gavorde de Trintignant, formally a general in the Gaullican Army, created the basis for the ideological tenants of Fascism. The movement was not popular and was only held in the hearts of a few individuals. It was also in this era that Albert III began granting Senouillac increasingly democratic reforms, beginning in 1889. The start of the 1900s were relatively slow for Gaullica, with not much happening in the international level. Most of the efforts coming from Albert III revolved around improving the situation of the colonies to more higher standards of living; which included the construction of roads and better public services. Generally this was met with discontent from the Gaullican Colonisers there, whom enjoyed their leverage of the indigenous people in their industries and farmlands. This caused strife between Albert III and his colonial subjects, leading to the Coius Crisis, where part of the armed forces was mobilised to deal with growing discontent and insurrectionists. Whilst a peaceful solution was sought, it only ended after a show of force was displayed by the army in the region.

Char Lourde de Combat Mle 1926, commonly called "Chars", perhaps the most iconic of the Great War Tanks

In 1911, mismanagement of the countries finances by the First Minister led the country into an economic recession. It was only worsened by the :notGreatDepression: that plagued the world in 1918, following :notSpanishFlu:. Because of this; the popular fascist movement was now taking much ground in the hearts of the people. Albert tried his best to curtail the issue and met with limited success, but the charismatic leadership of the Parti Populaire led to a rather rapid bounce back from the attempts. The leader of the Partie Populaire, Rafael Duclerque managed to fully consolidate his power in 1919, where in a series of secret negotiations, mostly revolving around the promises of the power of fascism and how they would make Gaullica the most powerful in Euclea, managed to sway Albert IV into the Fascist Movement. Finally content to strike, an ultimatum was delivered to Albert III, whom wished to respond by talks but was brought to shame when he came to the realisation his military leaders had, mostly, fallen to the tide of the Fascist idea. Following this, he abdicated and fled to exile with his wife on October 1920, but not before he symbolically declared the independence of Senouillac as an Imperial Decree, saving Senouillac from falling under a fascist umbrella. He stayed in Glytter for this exile period.

Following a large scale military build up revolving around both airforces and armoured vehicles, as well as the construction of large swathes of ships, the Kingdom of Gaullica under Albert IV and Rafael Duclerque saw their chance for an expansionist plan following the Kelang Incident and issues an ultimatum. However, the outbreak of the Great War was not what they had expected. In a show of brute force, Gaullican Armies invaded the long time sought out goal of Flamia, then Teutonia and her other neighbours one after the other or at simultaneous times. Gaullica employed deadly weapons; including advanced vehicles, flamethrowers and gas upon her enemies and committed heinous war crimes against the populaces it encountered. Nearly all of Euclea, and a good portion of Coius, was occupied by the Gaullican Armies before the tide was eventually turned and the armies beaten. By 1933, allied forces, including the Gaullican Free Army were landing on Gaullican Occupied Euclea.

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SOMUA S29s entered the war later than their brethren, but were no less deadly in their swarms.

Nearing the war's end, several pro-GFA members of the Gaullican High Command managed to expose the secret crimes of the Parti Populaire that were passing around as rumours. These included the forced euthanasia of the disabled, gays and other such people. This discovery infuriated the Catholic Clergy of Gaullica, whom now became a vocal opposition against the Party. When militarised police were sent to coerce them into ceasing, it merely gathered more support from the general populace. Historians agree this led to the relative apathy from civilians at the proposal of the execution of Albert IV whom had, until then, be seen as a moderate individual in the far-right dictatorship. At the war's end in the 1935, the Gaullican Nation was redrawn. Albert III and Fayolle Giraud, the Leader of the GFA, were the leaders during this difficult immediately post war era. They held the Rayenne Trials where, alongside other allied leaders, gave their judgement on the cases against the members of the Parti Populaire and other high ranking members of the regime. It was here that Albert IV and a large portion of the leadership were executed on various cases. 101 people were executed in total, with 21 people being acquitted and 18 being sentenced to varying degrees of imprisonment. On the 6th September, 1936, the Gaullican Republic was officially declared after a large period of debating on the constitution and how the government and state would be one. Albert III became the first President, with Fayolle becoming the First Premiere Ministre.

Albert's, now Albert Montecardé, two 6 year terms dealt with numerous international and domestic issues and in which the final year he organised, alongside other Euclean Nations, the formation of the Euclean Community. Under Clélie Gérin-Lajoie, the first female president of the nation, Gaullica joined DITO. Gérin-Lajoie additionally continued to support DITO actions in the Namkwon Emergency, continuing the policy from her forbearer. Gaullica remained relatively calm during the Phoney War, with Presidents passing and going. All however, kept an unquestionably loyal attitude towards DITO - keeping her military on high alert to respond to anything threat. It was because of this, the military restrictions treaties placed on Gaullica were slowly and surely lifted. Additionally, taking part in conflicts across the world assisted with this change of mind; Gaullica was present in such conflicts as the Kisin Civil War, as well as being a vocal and occasional military supporter of her DITO allies across other theatres. Seeing it as a national duty, Gaullica participated in the world wide manhunt for the former Populaire members whom evaded capture, such as; Dr Josef Carrons, notorious and infamous for his experiments regarding civilians he'd personally select during tours of the occupied territories, and Henri Leclasse, leader of the Gaullican State Police that served as an authoritarian strong arm police force during the regime. These two individuals would go down as the highest ranking members of the Parti Populaire to never be caught or brought to justice.

File:Henri Carrons.jpg
The only known surviving photo of Leclasse, as he leads several militarised police regiments across the streets of Verlois.

Under the presidency of Hubert Lazzonceir in the 1950s and the early 1960s, Gaullica began a nuclear programme under the watchful vigil of the allied nations. She was not allowed to construct nuclear weapons, but the programme allowed her to create nuclear powerplants. The importance of this is still seen today, where a majority of the nation's power comes from nuclear power plants. In 1989, under President Raspperd D'Issonaire, "gay marriage" was legalised. It was regarded as a controversial decision at the time, but as the years passed by a relative apathetic attitude, as well as a supportive one, built up around the situation. In 1991 Gaullica managed to completely pay off her restoration fees to the allies. This was a monumental day when it occurred, with a symbolic final cheque being handed over to allied representatives. Unusually, many Gaullicans took to the streets on this day and it became a public holiday across Gaullica; now resulting in one of the three throughout the year.

Geography

Climate

Environment

Politics

Government

Gaullica is a federal semi-presidential republic, as outlined in the constitution of 1936 - which was fully implemented under the observation of the post-war occupational government. It serves as the state's legal document, is viewed by many as sacrosanct, and has rarely been amended since. The constitution maintains the position of a strong president who can serve, at maximum, two six-year terms. It is a constitutionally federal republic and representative democracy, and is noted for functionality based on the process of cohabitation, coalitions and what is termed in the document as 'expressive democracy'.

Federalism, whilst originally viewed as an artificial construct to Gaullica, is defined by the distribution of political power between the central government and the states. However, amendments under the earlier CLU dominated governments weakened the power of the constituent states.

Gaullica's constitution defines the country as a "secular representative democracy, with sovereignty derived from the people."

Branches of Government

The facade of Gaullica's Senate, the house of Gaullica's legislature.

Executive: The President of Gaullica is the directly elected head of state. Presidents can serve a maximum of two terms. A term is six years in length. In Gaullica's semi-presidential system, the President is regarded as the most powerful political position. The President reserves the right to dissolve the Senate, call for elections (both legislative and executive), name individuals to cabinet (most commonly exercised in Defence and Foreign Affairs) and exercise a veto to legislation, among other powers. The office of the president is viewed as having cohabiting powers with that of the premier in regards to the nation's cabinet.

The president's office can be removed by the Senate following a two-thirds majority vote of no-confidence within both chambers of the senate, thusly requiring consent from the people and the states.

Legislature: The Gaullican legislature, called the Senate (Le Sénat), is responsible with the drafting, proposing and passing of legislation. Composes of two houses, the First and Second Chamber of the Senate. The First Chamber is composed of 631 directly elected representatives, using a mixed-member proportional electoral system. The Second Chamber is indirectly elected, composed of representatives of state governments with seats awarded to a state based on population. There are 68 seats in the Second Chamber, with the most state governments held by the PSD. As of 2018, Gaullica's 'Overseas Territories' were made states after referenda held on both territories.

The First Chamber is elected on a four year rotation, with unlimited term times and is currently governed by a coalition government between the Social Democrats and the Greens. A government is formed on a basis of either outright majority (316 seats) or coalition government, which then the President grants permission for a government to be formed. Working with the executive, a Premier (usually, if not always the largest (coalition) party's leader) creates the State Cabinet. Due to the fact a president will see numerous legislative elections during their tenure, cohabitation is not particularly uncommon in Gaullica - but is described as many in the political sphere as 'undesirable.'

The Second Chamber represents the federal states of the Gaullican republic and reserves itself to dealing with federal laws, and whilst it can propose legislation, has exercised this power very rarely. It is composed of representatives of the different states' governments (including coalitions) and allocated seats (also called votes) dependent on the state's population. Each state is entitled to three seats, whilst population milestones grant more; 2 million granting 4 votes, 5 million granting 5, 6 million granting 6 and over 8 million giving 7. As of 2018, the overseas territories of Nouvel Anglet and the Îles des Saints were added to the chamber as states.

The Second Chamber often serves as a discussion body with laws set to influence and be implemented across all the states. The Second Chamber can veto legislation if 66% of the representatives choose to do so, but only once per law for a period of up to six months for the 'proper amendments and grievances to be heard.'

Collectively, all members of the Senate are referred to as 'Senators'. However, those in the Second Chamber are often denoted as 'State Senator', 'Senator Representative' or 'State Representative.' As of 2019, the lower house of the senate has been held by a coalition of the SDs and the Greens.

Judiciary: The Gaullican legal system is based on Solarian Law, Verliquoian Law and The Evelin Code. Its courts are broken down into two groups: judicial courts dealing with criminal and civilian cases and administrative courts. Administrative court judges are considered to be wholly apolitical, appointed by an independent committee of cross-party legal experts. They usually serve life terms, but can be dismissed by consent from the President and a majority in the First Chamber.

Judicial Court Judges are appointed either by municipal governments, state governments or the federal government, particularly the executive. Due to a decrease in the power of the constituent states, the original plan for eight equal courts of power has been eroded by the increasingly powerful 'Court of the Republic', whose 'seven supreme judges' are appointed for life terms by the minister of justice in power at the time of a vacancy. The current court composition is five men and two women. These supreme judges can also be impeached and relinquished of their judicial duties based on conduct, as well as resign if they see fit.

Foreign Relations

Sylvaine Lambert (independent) has served as Gaullica's foreign minister since the snap election of 2019

Regarded by some as having been the world's only superpower, and a modern great power, Gaullica carries considerable weight on the world stage due to its hard and soft power. In spite of an internal crisis of identity in the years immediately succeeding the Great War, successive Gaullican administrations aligned Gaullica's international interests with promoting democratic values and humanitarian ideals. Following numerous international incidents within Euclea, such as the Solarian War, the military restrictions placed on Gaullica as well as the internal hesistence of its own leaders gradually weaned. In the modern day, Gaullica maintains a global military presence but is committed to its constitutionally mandated requirements of 'mulitlateralism' and 'peacekeeping'.

Gaullica is viewed as the most 'pro-federalist' of the major Euclean Community states, advocating for the organisation's enlargement to serve as a counter to the Samorspi. Within the Euclean Community, Gaullica shares strong historical and economic ties with all its members, but has a closer working relationship with Caldia and Amathia. Outside of the Community Gaullica retains strong ties with much of its former empire; especially Cassier and Satucin but also the Bahian states of Garambura and Mabifia. Much of these relations are fostered, maintained and expanded through the 'Gaullophone'. Some of these relationships are criticised as 'neo-colonialist' and 'neo-imperialist', especially in the context of economic aid to Bahian countries.

Following the end of the Great War, Gaullica has pursued a far less 'hawkish' foreign policy. The constitutional requirements for Gaullica's military has directly influenced its foreign policy. Gaullica has taken no direct military action since 1935 without the involvement of the Community of Nations or the Euclean Community. Gaullica's involvement in the Siamat War came about only as part of a joint EC action. An active nation in the Community of Nations' peacekeeping efforts, Gaullican peacekeepers have been present in many of the organisations' missions but perhaps most notably in the establishment and maintenance of the CN-monitored DMZ between East and West Miersa as from 1982.

An active member of a large amount of international organisations, Gaullica is a founding and prominent member of the Euclean Community, Community of Nations and the International Council for Democracy. Within the latter it is perceived to be the foremost of the 'social democracies', as opposed to the 'liberal democracies'. It is also a member of the Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs, the International Trade Organisation and is the third largest global economy, granting it a place on the B-15 major economies.

Military

Gaullica's main battle tank, the AMX Giroud, during a military parade in Verlois, 2017.
Gaullica's nuclear power aircraft carrier the Aurelien Montecardé
Soldiers of the Culloland Brigade during a peacekeeping exercise in Garambura.
The Vitesse fighter, a domestically produced Gaullican omnirole aircraft.

The Declaration of Elbdorf and the succeeding finalised Treaty of Kesselbourg limited Gaullican military capabilities substantially, reducing what was the largest army in the world at the time to a force no larger than 100,000. Gaullica's navy was scuttled or divided between the victorious powers, whilst it was banned from having more than six armoured corps and virtually no-airforce. Gaullica's constitution further stipulated the necessity of commitments to military multilateralism and peace-keeping.

However, the conflicts that succeeded the signing of the treaty -- such as the Solarian War -- caused individuals, particularly in Estmere and Werania, to rethink the military restrictions placed on what was perceived to be an essential element of the Euclean balance of power. By 1950, several committees had began petitioning factions within the Estmerish and Weranian government for the potential of rearmament. Sotirien Roche, Gaullica's second president, put forward a motion suggested to him by elements of Gaullica's existing military that they were "insufficient" to commit to multilateralism and peace-keeping. Soravian and Valduvian acquisition of nuclear weapons also spurred elements of rearmament within the country. Elements of Gaullican rearmament included the provisions that its military industry would begin producing its own military equipment as opposed to the post-armistice agreement of producing equipment for the Weranian and Estmerish militaries.

Gaullica's rearmament was stressed to follow the conventions of its constitution and followed multilateral action in its deployments and missions. The Siamat War was the first major conflict that Gaullican soldiers participated in as part of a larger coalition; and the first time the republic had exercised military action independently of self-defence (as in the Solarian War).

Today Gaullica operates the largest military within the Euclean Community, with 280,000 active personnel and over 60,000 reservists. The commander-in-chief of Gaullica's armed forces is its President, but much of the powers and decisions relating to the military fall under the Ministry of Defence. The Gaullican Armed Forces are divided into four branches: the army, the navy, the air force and the gendarmerie. As of the 2020 budget, Gaullica's military expenditure totals at over €70bn: 2.1% of its GDP. The armed forces operate within the principles set out within the constitution, as well as the Euclea Community's commitments to an attack against one is an attack against all. At the Community level, the armed forces are an integral portion of the EC Battlegroups.

Operating one of the few nuclear powered aircraft carriers, Gaullica's navy is a potent blue-water navy and operates from bases across the global: notably Nouvel Anglet and the Îles des Saints.

Gaullica also has a large arms industry, among the largest in the world, and produces much of its military equipment domestically.

Administrative Divisions

States of Gaullica

As laid out in the constitution of 1936, metropolitan Gaullica is broken down into eight federal states. These are, in no particular order: Outreterre, Sylvagne, Marches occidentales, Vercingétie, Assonaire, Transaventines, Val de Mareine, Centre-Planure, Irménie, Cassavie and the cities of Verlois and Rayenne. By 2018, both of Gaullica's remaining overseas territories -- Nouvel Anglet and the IDS -- had become federal states. Whilst the intention of the early constitutional drafters, and the Allied committee overseeing them, was to draw power away from a centralised Gaullican state, state power has eroded over the decades (particularly under the early 30 year CLU rule.) Each state has its own state government, which ultimately drafts and creates legislation for their own state. However, many of the jurisdictions originally envisioned to be enshrined by these states (like education, or policing) have either been transferred entirely to the federal government, as in education, or fallen under a wider federal effort, like the police-force.

Overseas Territories of Gaullica

Gaullica's overseas territories consist of the isle of Nouvel Anglet, Îles des Saints and various other islands around the globe. They have representation in both Gaullica's lower house -in the form of ministers in parties elected by the proportional representation system- and in the upper house, where the Overseas Territories have their own representatives amongst those of the Gaullican States. The Gaullican Oversees Territories are viewed as Gaullica and because of this, they are regarded as departments of the state of Île de la Fleur. As of January 2018, both are now official states of Gaullica.

Demographics

Ethnic Groups

Ethno-racial groups in Gaullica
Ethnicity Percentage
White
89%
Coian
6%
Black
3%
Mixed Gaullican
2%

Most Gaullican people are of Solarian-Tenic origin.

Large-scale immigration over the last century and a half has led to a more multicultural society. In 2004, the Institut Montaigne estimated that within Metropolitan Gaullica 89% of the population was white, 6% were Coian, 3% were black and 2% were of a mixed ethnicity.

Languages

The official language of Gaullica is Gaullican, which in its modern state is a combination of old Gaullican and Solarian. Recognised languages include Amañeihiz, Gordesie and Selórzan, which are protected under the constitution as "languages of historic, cultural and ethnic importance" to the Gaullican state. Only Gaullican is taught in schools as a compulsory language, but the national curriculum states one secondary language must be taken by students during their education. Most of the population is bilingual to some form, with Estmerish being a popular second language in the country. Several states are known to have their own peaks and troughs when it comes to this; the state of Assonaire has the entirety of the Amañeihiz speaking people living within it due to Assonaire containing the historically Amañeihiz dominated province of Amañaod.

The constitution of Gaullica mandates that the only language for academic, commercial, and news publications within Gaullica are to be published in Gaullican. In regards to personal publications, such as novels, there is no official restriction mandated by the state. Despite this, several independent institutions such as the world renowned 'Académie Gaulloise', express their disapproval or approval of the quality of Gaullican in all works. Their unofficial support by the Gaullican government has been criticised extensively by numerous institutions, such as the Association of Gaullophone States for its disregard for creole and minority languages.

As a result of Gaullica's extensive colonial ambitions between the 17th and 20th centuries, Gaullican was introduced to the Arucian, the Asterias, Bahia, Coius, central Euclea and Rahelia. Many of these area maintain Gaullican as an official - and majority - language. Areas in Bahia, Coius and Rahelia have fluctuations in the speakers; with some having died out, others having the language as an official language and others with their own, new, creole languages. Aside from serving as Gaullica's official language, Gaullican is a recognised language in Champania and a recognised regional language in Hennehouwe.

Religion

Religion in Gaullica (2014 Census)

  Irreligious (2.8%)
  Don't know/notstated (2.1%)
  Other Religions (2.2%)
  Atudism (1.3%)
  Irfan (1.3%)

Religious affiliations in Gaullica are recorded through three censuses; the Gaullican National Survey, the Regional Surveys and the Euclean Social Survey. According to the 2014 GNS the largest religion in Gaullica is Solarian Catholicism at 88.1% of the populace. This was followed by atheism various sects of Amendism, Atudism and Irfan. Small minorities adhering to other religons were also reported in the country, collectively reaching about 2%. Because of this, Gaullican politicians refer to their nation as multi-faithed and secularised. Atheism and Irreligious ideals are also present in Gaullica, with them being the largest form of, or denial of, belief after Solarian Catholicism.

Religious attendance is at a rather high 65% of the populace for regular attendance, but congregation numbers of individual religions generally swell at their own large religious events. An example of this would be the increase in numbers at Solarian Masses at Christmas.

Solarian Catholicism, up until 1936, enjoyed a privileged status in Gaullica as the state religion. At the foundation of the Republic, secularism was declared and all religions were treated as equal - with none having any government preference over the other. Because of this, Solarian Catholicism classes were removed from the national curriculum and replaced with Religious Education classes, which are not compulsory and teach about religions and not their doctrines.

Atudism exists in Gaullica through historical communities that became present following their diaspora and as well through the migration from western Euclean nations during the industrial era. Atudism has existed in Gaullica since their diaspora during the Solarian times; and have played prominent roles in several governments. Many Gaullican-Atudites migrated to the Holy Land when it fell under Gaullica's colonial empire, and many still returned when the land was lost at the end of the Great War.

Salam's presence in Gaullica originates from a post-colonial migration wave, with citizens of former Gaullican colonies in Bahia and Badawiya migrating to Gaullica in search of a new life they could benefit from a language they could already speak.

Atheism and irreligious nature has increasingly grown since 1936 given the state's secular nature and the advancement and discoveries of science. However, its presence in Gaullica according to the 2014 Census is still a one of low percentage.

Other religions exist in Gaullica, as aforementioned, mainly through migration or through the spirit of the 1970s 'new religion' fervour when individuals converted to religions of foreign nature for their exoticism.

Controversy, however, has arisen with Gaullica establishing itself as 'secular' - i.e. undergoing the process of the separation of church and state. Many sociologists have noted that this is not exactly true for Gaullica, who has maintained a healthy relationship with the clergy. Whilst it is no longer an official religion or, technically, the preferential religion, Solarian Catholicism plays an important role in the lives of Gaullicans. Many hospitals and schools have clergymen and nuns in their faculty and several universities are jointly-administered by the university's faculty and the Catholic Church. The Chancellor of the University of Verlois has been, ever since its foundation, a clergyman. Even more alarmingly, up until the 60s it was a regular occurrence to see clergymen serving in national governments, such as Father Maxime Vaugeois - Internal Minister of the Lazzonceir and Pompidou administrations.

Migration

Healthcare

The Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, a teaching hospital in Verlois, one of Euclea's largest hospitals

Education

Economy

Agriculture

A wheat field in northern Vercingot.

Gaullica's historic predominance as an agricultural society and the presence of the Physiocrats have resulted in an extensive reputation for agricultural products in the modern day. These include poultry, beef, pork and an extensive array of fishing goods such as large white fish, shark, crustaceans and mollusks. The mechanisation of agriculture, fertile soil and large Euclean subsidies through a Common Agricultural Policy has seen Gaullica maintain an extensive dominance of agriculture in Eastern Euclea, often affectionately referring to itself as 'the garden of Euclea.'

Agriculture is an important sector of Gaullica's economy: 3.8% of the active population is employed in agriculture. Due to its large agricultural lobby, Gaullica is often seen as a major obstacle to international trade in regards to agriculture, preferring policies known as 'Fortress Euclea' in demanding trade deal tariffs favour the nation agriculturally.

The cultivation of wine through small family owned vineyards is an internationally recognised aspect of Gaullican agriculture, and these small family-run businesses produce vintages consumed throughout the world: such as Champagne, though the domestic preference is usually ranked as red or honeyed.

Industry

Services

Science and Technology

  • Historically, and currently, a large contributor to science. Major leaps in astronomy and mathematics in the early, middle and late medieval period.
  • Establishment of Academy of Science.
  • Creation of the 'Home of Knowledge', a Gaullican/Estmerish joint intellectual venture in the late 1700s. -> In the modern era, these scientists jointly discovered DNA.
  • Major part of the 'Arc of Knowledge'
  • Created the first functioning steam engine and started the industrial revolution. Major centre and one of the birth places of rail. Major centre for air travel as well, as well as the automobile.
  • Compiled one of the first encyclopaedias.
  • Gaullican born scientists discovered or created: vaccinations, the Theory of Evolution, oxygen and numerous other chemicals, and other things: etc.
  • Major force in science behind radioactivity, radiation and nuclear acquisition.
  • Medical research.
  • Long standing existence of military science.

Transport

Energy

Almost 90% of Gaullica's electricity is produced by nuclear energy, a percentage amongst the highest in the world.

Électricité de Gaullica (EDG) is the main electricty supplier and producer in Gaullica. A wholly state owned company, EDG is a powerful proponent of the nuclear lobby in Gaullica. During the early 2000s, it produced 'x' amount of the Euclean Community's electricity, primarily from nuclear power. Gaullica is among the smallest emitters of carbon dioxide amongst the industrial world, due to its heavy investment and reliance in nuclear power. In this context, and with the exception of solar and hydroelectric, renewable energies find resistance in Gaullica. Gaullica is a major centre for the pan-Euclean EucloAtom, which was born out of the Great War.

Culture

File:Chateau vigny.jpg
The Château de Plouvain, located in the Mareine River Valley

Due to the predominence of the Gaullican language and its central dominance of Euclean affairs for a large portion of history, it has been a cultural centre of the Eastern World for millennia. Due to its Solarianisation, large portions of the culture of the Solarian world were maintained and assimilated into what would become Gaullican culture.

Verlois was, and is, a renowned centre of the liberal arts, fashion, cuisine, film and the intellectual arts of philosophy and theology. Ancient inscriptions on the entrance to the city promoted "To think, to dream." Gaullican monarchs and the aristocracy would show their patronage through the arts, and the Emperors and Empresses of Gaullica were famed for their lavish expenditure in galas, cultural festivals and banquets that celebrated their 'culture'.

After the fall of the monarchy, the succeeding Republican Regime set up a Ministry of Culture that actively promotes Gaullican culture, cuisine, fashion, etc. throughout the world.

Gaullica receives a large amount of tourists a year, in large part due to its expansive museums, historic artifact collections, well-maintained buildings and preserved palaces.

Of the tens of thousands of CONESCO world heritage sites in the nation; a vast majority are churches and castles, but numerous gardens, statues and ancient quarters are also there.

Art

Architecture

Literature

Philosophy

Music

Cinema

Fashion

Media

Society

Cuisine

Sports