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{{Socialism in Gylias}}
{{Politics of Gylias}}

'''Socialism in Gylias''' has a long history, and has been a major [[Politics of Gylias|political]] and [[Culture of Gylias#Society|social]] force alongside [[Communism in Gylias|communism]] and [[Anarchism in Gylias|anarchism]].

Numerous variants of socialism exist in [[Gylias]], some notably overlapping with communism and anarchism. The unifying current among them is broadly {{wpl|democratic socialism|democratic}} and {{wpl|ethical socialism|ethical}}. Defining characteristics include an advocacy of {{wpl|social ownership}} of the {{wpl|means of production}}, {{wpl|workers' self-management}}, and {{wpl|social protection}}. Notable divisions in the socialist movement include the role of markets, the feasibility of the state, and which means to use to achieve desired ends.

Socialism and {{wpl|social democracy}} are situated on the {{wpl|left-wing politics|left}} of [[Politics of Gylias|Gylian politics]]. At the federal level, it is primarily represented by the {{G-SP}} and {{G-SDP}} as part of the {{G-PA}}. Other notable socialist or social democratic groups include the {{G-LLR}} in the {{G-LU}}, and the {{G-FLP}}, {{G-GP}}, and {{G-RJU}} among {{G-NI}}.

==Characteristics==
Gylian socialism advocates creating a society and economy based on {{wpl|social ownership}} of the {{wpl|means of production}} and {{wpl|workers' self-management}}. Social ownership and self-management are viewed as vital to the achievement of {{wpl|economic democracy}}.

The {{wpl|utopian socialism|utopian}} current has been a strong influence on the socialist vision of an ideal society: one based on a decent standard of living for all, the abolition of all forms of exploitation and inequality, and everyone's right to realise their talents and creativity. As with the broader Gylian left, socialists pursue {{wpl|decommodification}} as both a path to the ideal society and an end in itself.

Socialism supports {{wpl|direct democracy}}, extensive {{wpl|decentralisation}}, and the concentration of power at the most immediate practicable level. It is strongly {{wpl|libertarian}} on social issues, advocating {{wpl|free love}}, {{wpl|free thought}}, and {{wpl|economic, social, and cultural rights}}. It tends to be broadly secular and humanist, although it also has a notable {{wpl|religious left|spiritual}} current.

Both {{wpl|reformism|reformist}} and {{wpl|revolutionary socialism|revolutionary}} currents exist within Gylian socialism, and have played a historical role in shaping its character.

==Variants==
Since the consolidation of {{wpl|electoral bloc}}s at the [[Politics of Gylias#Federal|federal level]], parties that represent socialism and social democracy are spread among blocs, although with a concentration in the {{G-PA}}.

Generally, the {{G-SP}} emphasises {{wpl|democratic socialism}} and the {{G-SDP}} {{wpl|social democracy}}, although both share a {{wpl|libertarian socialism|libertarian socialist}} orientation as a result of historical factors. Meanwhile, the {{G-LLR}} is a {{wpl|liberal socialist}} party in the {{G-LU}}, the {{G-FLP}} is {{wpl|agrarian socialism|agrarian socialist}}, the {{G-GP}} is {{wpl|eco-socialism|eco-socialist}}, and the {{G-RJU}} was founded as an outlet for Gylias' {{wpl|religious left|spiritual left}}.

===Market socialism===
{{wpl|Market socialism}} in its {{wpl|Lange model}} variant forms the basic framework of the [[Economy of Gylias|Gylian economy]]. The [[National Prices Board]] has sole price-setting responsibility, fulfilling the role of a {{wpl|Lange model#Institutions|central planning board}}.

===Libertarian socialism===
{{wpl|Libertarian socialism}}, also often called "anarcho-socialism", represents the [[Anarchism in Gylias|anarchist]] branch of Gylian socialism. It advocates the abolition of the state and {{wpl|wage slavery}} in favour of decentralised direct democracy and workers' self-management.

Various schools of thought exist under the umbrella of libertarian socialism, based on differing perspectives on the usefulness of market systems, the primary locus of organisation, and the extent and methods of {{wpl|economic planning}}.

===Social democracy===
{{wpl|Social democracy}} emerged as a separate current largely as a result of the reform–revolution debate within socialism. Gylian social democracy is more [[Political culture of Gylias#Statism and anarchism|pragmatically statist]] than the anarchist-leaning socialists, and advocates the ideal of the {{wpl|Co-operative economics#Co-operative commonwealth|cooperative commonwealth}}.

===''Aristerokratia''===
''Aristerokratia'' is a distinctive form of Gylian social democracy influenced by the [[Golden Revolution]], with an undercurrent of [[Anarchism in Gylias#Lifestylism|lifestylism]]. 

It advocates that the {{wpl|classless society|abolition of social class}} be coupled with the reappropriation and egalitarian transformation of class signifiers. Thus society would gain a group of citizens embodying ideals of cultivation, learning, and art, which would encourage fellow citizens to achieve their talents.

The term comes from a {{wpl|Greek language|Hellene}} pun on {{wpl|aristocracy}}, replacing ᾰ̓́ʀῐςτος (''áristos'', "best") with ἀʀιςτεʀός (''áristeros'', "left"), implying "left aristocracy". It serves as an inclusive and egalitarian expression of other phenomena that combine {{wpl|bohemianism}} with an ideal of elegance, including the {{wpl|café society}} and {{wpl|jet set}}.

==History==
Ideas resembling socialism have a long history in Gylias, dating back to the [[Liúşai League]]. Historians characterise the rural communities of the League as {{wpl|agrarian socialism|agrarian socialist}}, and various leftist thinkers have claimed the League as a precedent for anarchism.

===Xevden===
Modern socialist thought began in the 19th century, particularly in response to the immiseration and discrimination of [[Xevden]]ite rule.

[[File:Constantin Daniel Rosenthal - Maria Rosetti.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Mary Grant]], the philosophical founder of Gylian socialism]]
[[Mary Grant]] is generally considered the mother of Gylian socialism. She was a farm and mill owner who became famous for her philanthropy and concern for her workers. She paid them high wages, maintained good working conditions, provided education and healthcare to workers and their families, built parks and recreation areas, and introduced pioneering welfare schemes.

Mary's writings reflected her commitment to the ideal of a {{wpl|moral economy}}, and her focus on practical experience over theorising. Her advocacy of a humane and socialised economy that treated its workers with respect fit with the broader tradition of {{wpl|utopian socialism}}, and served as a forerunner to {{wpl|cooperatives|cooperativism}}.

The irony of the contrast between the well-off founder of socialism Mary Grant and the modest founder of [[Conservatism in Gylias|conservatism]] [[Hannah Edelstein]] is famous in Gylian history. [[Ŋéida Vaşad]] argues that the ironic reversal of the founders' situations later informed the Gylian tendency to favour [[Culture of Gylias#Luxury|socialisation of goods that reflected class status]] rather than their rejection and abolition.

During this period, the terms "socialism", "social democracy", and "[[Communism in Gylias|communism]]" were used interchangeably; they would later solidify into distinct ideologies.

King Karnaz's 1902 coup and subsequent repression caused socialists, anarchists, and other radicals to gain ground at the expense of conservatives and liberals in the [[History of Gylias#Xevden's disintegration|ensuing disintegration]].

===Alscia===
The [[Donatella Rossetti government]] governed the province of [[Alscia]] from its establishment to its dissolution. It was formed by the [[Popular Progressive Front]], an alliance of liberal and left parties, thus marking the first time socialists and social democrats took part in formal governance.

Although the liberals dominated the government at first, their own adoption of [[Donatellism]] produced significant overlap with the left, and resulted in the passage of several socialist reforms. The model of {{wpl|developmental state|state-driven development}} adopted by Donatella, similar to what would emerge in [[Kirisaki]] and [[Akashi]], prioritised public control and influence over the private sector, and manifested in the creation of a mixed {{wpl|welfare state}} based on the principle of {{wpl|social insurance}}. 

The alliance of the government, {{wpl|social movement}}s, [[Alscia#Media|activist media]], and {{wpl|muckraker|investigative journalists}} produced a stream of legislation and regulation that improved working and social conditions. The [[Economy of Gylias#Cooperatives|cooperative]] sector [[Alscia#Cooperatives|grew rapidly]]. The Alscian economy achieved consolidation between a cooperative sector, a public sector, and a private sector controlled by the [[Gaulette]] {{wpl|conglomerate (company)|conglomerate}}, whose founder [[Arlette Gaubert]] adhered to Mary's ideals of a humane economy.

[[File:ŞioEtes.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Şio Etes]]]]
[[Şio Etes]] was a significant intellectual contributor to socialism during the period. She reflects the mainstream of socialist thinking in Alscia, and sought to find compromises that would synthesise the different schools of thought and maintain unity. She supported reformism and the alliance with the cooperative movement, and was influenced by the prevailing {{wpl|social corporatism}} of the Donatellists, coming to advocate a form of {{wpl|guild socialism}}.

The experience of compromises necessary in government and the international context affected socialism in Alscia, heightening the contradictions in the movement. The {{G-SDP/meta/shortname}} embraced reformism more readily than the {{G-SP/meta/shortname}}, which was wary of a "dead end" and kept one foot outside, in popular agitation. 

The [[Ruvelkan Socialist Republic]], one of the first explicitly socialist states in [[Tyran]], had a galvanising effect, eliciting both sympathy with its goals and criticism of its increasing bureaucratisation and authoritarianism.

The statist and {{wpl|authoritarian socialism|authoritarian}} currents of the Alscian left lost ground to the anarchist and {{wpl|libertarian socialism|libertarian socialist}} ones in response to the [[Ruvelkan Civil War|Ruvelkan]] and [[Meᵹelan|Megelan]]ese civil wars. The [[Communist Party of Alscia]] was also weakened by conflict between its authoritarian and libertarian factions, and many [[Ruvelkan Civil War#Other Factions|Ruvelkan anarchists]] moved to Alscia after the [[Ruvelkan Civil War]].

The government's confrontational policy towards [[Xevden]], manifested in the [[Alscian Border War]] and efforts to bolster the Gylian opposition in Xevden, had the side effect of increasing the exposure and popularity of socialism, communism, and anarchism, helping radicalise Alscia itself. Within the [[Popular Progressive Front|FPP]], the {{G-SP/meta/shortname}} and {{G-SDP/meta/shortname}} gained influence in the 1920s–1930s at the expense of the liberals.

===Free Territories===
Anarchist principles formed the basis of the [[Free Territories (Gylias)|Free Territories]], and within these the {{wpl|libertarian socialism|libertarian socialist}} and {{wpl|anarcho-communism}} predominated. The Free Territories' economic and social revolution served as the culmination of the radical Gylian currents that had gained strength through the [[Gylian ascendancy|ascendancy]], [[Alscian Border War|Border War]], and disintegration of Xevden.

The Free Territories' anarchist organisation opened space for experimentation and coexistence of multiple ideologies and economic systems. The most popular of these were leftist, based on {{wpl|workers' self-management}} and {{wpl|common ownership}}. The strength of the existing cooperative movement made cooperativisation a natural choice for {{wpl|social ownership|socialising}} the economy, while {{wpl|anarcho-syndicalism}} was favoured to organise workers — producing the influential [[General Council of Workers' Unions and Associations]] and [[National Cooperative Confederation]].

The [[Liberation War (Gylias)|Liberation War]] made intractable the conflict between anarchists–libertarians and statists–authoritarians. Although both sides formed a wartime [[History of Gylias#Liberation War|"alliance of convenience"]], tensions remained strong as both struggled for hegemony over the Gylian left. The anarchists built up a {{wpl|popular front}}, joining forces with [[Liberalism in Gylias|liberals]] and [[Conservatism in Gylias#Free Territories|"constructive" conservatives]] to resist authoritarianism.

The conflict gained a notable cultural dimension: authoritarians were eager to simply destroy anything associated with Xevden in pursuit of a {{wpl|Year Zero (political notion)|Year Zero}}, and tended to glorify "simple" farmers and workers. In response, anarchists embraced the utopian tradition passed down through Mary Grant, emphasising the reappropriation and socialisation of former {{wpl|status symbol}}s, and favoured unity between the proletariat and intellectuals and artists. The ethos of the {{wpl|Joseph Déjacque|"right to satisfaction of one's needs"}} also served to distance anarchists from authoritarians' association with "bureaucratism, greyness, austerity, and dullness".

The "alliance of convenience" was finally broken by the [[Lucian Purge]] in 1956, which removed statists–authoritarians from public life.

===Gylias===
The end of the Liberation War put the left in a leading position at Gylian independence. The SP and SDP, joined by the anarcho-communist {{G-DCP/meta/shortname}}, finished first in the [[Gylian federal election, 1958|1958 federal election]], collectively winning 46,35% of the vote and 146 [[Gylian Parliament|Popular Assembly]] seats — five short of a majority by themselves.

Socialists took part in the popular drafting process that produced the [[Constitution of Gylias|Constitution]] and [[Law of Gylias#Legal foundations|six codes of law]]. With the anarchists commanding plurality but not majority support, a [[Constitution of Gylias|"miserable compromise"]] resulted, with symbolic concessions won by [[Liberalism in Gylias|liberals]] and [[Conservatism in Gylias#Free Territories|"constructive" conservatives]] while the left focused on preserving the fundamentals of the Free Territories.

The [[Law on Electoral Representation of 1960|1960 electoral reform]] led to a proliferation of new parties. The {{G-PA}} was set up as the left's main {{wpl|electoral bloc}}, reuniting libertarian socialists and anarcho-communists. They were complemented by other socialist formations, including the {{G-LLR}} in the {{G-LU}} and the {{G-FLP}} and {{G-RJU}} among {{G-NI}}.

The transition from the Free Territories to Gylias forged a [[Gylian consensus]] that included socialist tenets, and the [[National Obligation period]] saw the spread of the Free Territories' economic models throughout Gylias, as part of [[Economy of Gylias#Independence|reforms]] that created a {{wpl|Lange model}} {{wpl|market socialism|market socialist}} system.

Socialists and social democrats held several important posts in the [[Darnan Cyras government]]. Distinguished socialist ministers included [[Rin Tōsaka]] and [[Sakura Tōsaka]], considered the "mothers of [[Education in Gylias|Gylian public education]]", [[Régine Walras]], considered the "mother of the [[Health in Gylias#Health care|National Health System]]", and [[Theophania Argyris]], the creator of the [[Hermes Programme]]. The social democrat ranks included two notable wartime figures: defense minister Ann Harman and sport minister [[Lilja Kjellberg]].

The SP and SDP took somewhat junior roles to the DCP in the {{G-PA}}, reflected in their [[Gylian federal election, 1962|1962]] and [[Gylian federal election, 1969|1969]] federal election results, but established a solid constituency through alliances with the {{wpl|agrarian socialism|agrarian socialist}} FLP and [[Demopolis|demopolitan movement]]. Their utopian tradition accorded them a notable role in the {{wpl|social revolution}} aspect of the [[Golden Revolution]].

<!-- [[File:MargotFontaine.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Margot Fontaine]]]] -->
[[Margot Fontaine]] made notable contributions to social democratic thought during this period. A ballerina, philosopher, and [[Gylian Senate|Senator]] under the "independent social democrat" label, she concerned herself with matters of identity, rejecting the {{wpl|nation-state}} and championing {{wpl|multiculturalism|multicultural}} {{wpl|cosmopolitanism}}. Her ideal of [[Margot Fontaine#Writer and theorist|''l'pays jolie'']] reflected the colourful identity and emphasis on social well-being that Gylian socialists had adopted during the war.

{{multiple image
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| image1   = SerŞanorin(small).jpg
| alt1     = 
| caption1 = [[Ser Şanorin]]
| image2   = SimaDaián.jpg
| alt2     = 
| caption2  = [[Sima Daián]]
}}
The concept of ''aristerokratia'' also took form during this period, advocated by [[Ser Şanorin]] and [[Sima Daián]]. They synthesised several strands that went into the [[Culture of Gylias#Luxury|socialised luxury]] ideal that emerged during the Golden Revolution, including Mary Grant's humanism, [[Conservatism in Gylias#Hannaism|Hannaism]], and foreign influences like the [[Jaerevik clique]], to produce a form of social democracy that sought to couple the ideal of a {{wpl|classless society}} with preserving the ideal of elegance and refinement as an inspiration to others.

Ser and Sima's appealing personalities helped bring attention to ''aristerokratia'' as a quirky idea reflecting the experience of the Golden Revolution, and it found a niche together with similar eccentric presences like [[Anarchism in Gylias#Right anarchism|market anarchists]] and the {{G-LSDP}}'s [[acid communism]].

The [[wretched decade]] threw the PA into a long crisis. The parties' attempt to participate in the [[Aén Ďanez government]] specifically to obstruct the {{wpl|authoritarian socialism|authoritarian left}} {{G-RR}} caused disgust and tensions among its members, threatening to split the "popularist" and "pragmatist" factions.

The emergence of a strong {{wpl|environmentalist movement}} manifested in the growth of the {{wpl|eco-socialism|eco-socialist}} {{G-GP}}, forcing other socialist parties to adapt their programs to environmental concerns.

Although Aén was ousted after the Ossorian war crisis of 1986 and the PA participated in the [[Filomena Pinheiro government]], they and the other established blocs suffered a voter backlash for their delay, and were challenged by new formations. Voters turned instead to {{G-NI}}, who obtained a breakthrough at the [[Gylian federal election, 1990|1990 federal election]].

Although officially out of government, [[Mathilde Vieira]]'s [[Mathilde Vieira government|"plural coalition"]] retained a few PA ministers, and it tended to reflexively lean left in political orientation. ''Aristerokratia'' went from an eccentric niche to a national impact through the [[Decleyre Summit]] and [[Social Partnership Program]], which fostered a community of civic-minded and philanthropic [[List of Gylians by net worth|rich Gylians]], improving public attitudes towards entrepreneurship and wealth.

After a long period of finishing second to the LU, the PA once again won a plurality of first preference votes and seats in the [[Gylian federal election, 2012|2012 federal election]], and took the senior role in the [[Toni Vallas government]].

==Overview of Gylian socialism==
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'''Parties'''
* {{G-PA}}
** {{G-SP}}
** {{G-SDP}}

'''Allied parties and tendencies'''
* {{G-LU}}
** {{G-LLR}} ({{wpl|Liberal socialism}})
* {{G-NI}}
** {{G-FLP}} ({{wpl|Agrarian socialism}})
** {{G-GP}} ({{wpl|Eco-socialism}})
** {{G-RJU}} ({{wpl|Religious left|Spiritual left}})

{{col-break}}
'''Organisations'''
* Mary Grant Foundation
* Institute for Socialist Humanism

'''Media outlets'''
* Socialist
** ''[[The Gylian Herald]]'' (''L'Héraute d'Gylias'')
* Social democratic
** ''[[The Republic]]'' (''L'République'')
* Socialist-leaning
** ''[[The People's Voice]]'' (''L'Voix d'Peuple'')

{{col-end}}

[[Category:Political movements of Gylias]]