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{{Liberalism in Gylias}}
{{Politics of Gylias}}

'''Liberalism in Gylias''' has been a significant force in [[History of Gylias|Gylian history]], and has made notable contributions to [[Politics of Gylias|Gylian politics]] and [[Culture of Gylias#Society|society]].

The dominant tradition of Gylian liberalism is {{wpl|social liberalism}}. Defining characteristics include protection of individual rights and equality, support for {{wpl|economic interventionism}} and a {{wpl|social safety net}}, and commitment to {{wpl|progressivism}}.

Liberalism is situated on the {{wpl|centre-left}} of [[Politics of Gylias|Gylian politics]]. At the federal level, it is primarily represented by the parties of the {{G-LU}}. Other groups with notable liberal elements include the {{G-CG}}, {{G-HP}}, {{G-IRAM}}, and {{G-NAF}}.

==Terminology==
"Liberal" is generally used without a qualifier in Gylias. It can be used itself as a qualifier, as it has by various [[Conservatism in Gylias|conservatives]], [[Socialism in Gylias|socialists]], and [[Anarchism in Gylias|anarchists]].

Historians use the terms {{wpl|classical liberalism}} and {{wpl|social liberalism}}, or "left-liberalism" and "right-liberalism", to distinguish historical tendencies within liberalism.

Gylian political discourse acknowledges the overlap between liberalism and conservatism, accepting [[Alscia]]n conservatives' use of "liberalist" as a self-description, but is strongly hostile to attempts by ''{{wpl|laissez-faire}}'' right-wing ideologies to co-opt "liberal" or similar terms for their own description. Terms such as "{{wpl|liberism|liberist}}", "{{wpl|neoliberal}}" or "{{wpl|right-libertarian}}" are only used in strongly circumscribed or pejorative contexts, commonly prefaced by {{wpl|self-proclaimed|''soi-disant''}}.

==Characteristics==
The central concern of Gylian liberalism is protecting individual rights and freedoms. It accepts an expansive definition of {{wpl|human rights}}, encompassing both {{wpl|civil and political rights}} in the public sphere and {{wpl|economic, social, and cultural rights}} in the private sphere. It believes that {{wpl|negative liberty|freedom from interference}} and {{wpl|positive liberty|freedom to act upon free will}} are interdependent, and thus the primary goal of society is to create the conditions necessary for individuals to achieve self-realisation.

On social issues, liberalism supports policies and efforts to combat and abolish obstacles to individual potential, including all forms of {{wpl|discrimination}} and {{wpl|bigotry}}. It tends to be broadly secular, and overlaps with {{wpl|secular humanism}} and {{wpl|freethought}}. Regarding [[Religion in Gylias|religion]], it opposes {{wpl|religious intolerance}}, exclusivism, and attempts at {{wpl|proselytism}}, which it sees as a violation on the {{wpl|right to personal identity}}.

Economically, it favours {{wpl|economic interventionism|intervention}} and regulation to deliver {{wpl|social justice}} and prevent concentration of wealth. Various currents propose different means to achieve this end, ranging from {{wpl|ordoliberalism}} to {{wpl|liberal socialism}}.

Liberalism broadly favours {{wpl|social reform}} and sustained progress, but recognises the necessity of {{wpl|revolution}} if all other avenues fail.

==Variants==
Since the consolidation of {{wpl|electoral bloc}}s at the [[Politics of Gylias#Federal|federal level]], the parties that form the {{G-LU}} prioritise different elements of their identity in order to reunite all forms of liberalism. To some extent, the {{G-NUP/meta/shortname}} emphasises adherence to [[Gylian nationalism]], the {{G-NLP/meta/shortname}} {{wpl|ordoliberalism}}, and the {{G-PRRA/meta/shortname}} represents the {{wpl|radicalism (historical)|historical radical}} current. Meanwhile, the {{G-MRR/meta/shortname}} is a {{wpl|conservative liberalism|conservative liberal}} party in the {{G-NB}}, the {{G-LLR/meta/shortname}} is [[Socialism in Gylias|liberal socialist]], and the {{G-MCP/meta/shortname}} is centrist liberal.

===Donatellism===
{{main|Donatellism}}

'''Donatellism''' derives from the thought and career of [[Donatella Rossetti]], and represents the dominant tradition of Gylian liberalism.

Donatellism represents a synthesis of social liberalism, [[Socialism in Gylias|social democracy]], {{wpl|progressivism}}, {{wpl|radicalism (historical)|radicalism}}, and {{wpl|civic nationalism}}. It is known for its strong support of {{wpl|economic interventionism}} and modernisation.

===Conservative liberalism===
Conservative liberalism is largely distinguished by its skepticism of [[Socialism in Gylias|socialism]], and advocacy of the model of a {{wpl|social market economy}}.

===Geoliberalism===
{{wpl|Georgism}} has been a notable influence on Gylian liberalism. Geoliberals advocate {{wpl|common ownership}} of land, {{wpl|land value tax}} as the basis of taxation, and economic organisation based on {{wpl|mutualism (economic theory)|mutualist}} principles.

This ideal is reflected in the slogan ''Free land, free labour, free trade'', which earned them the humorous nickname "freeists".

==History==

===Xevden===
Gylian liberalism predates the [[Gylian ascendancy]], and emerged in the context of resistance to [[Xevden]]. Early currents of liberal thought can be identified in the [[Rebellion of 1749]] and the uprising of 1789.

There is a notable overlap between early liberalism and [[Feminism in Gylias|feminism]]. Influential early feminists such as [[Enari Lentesi]], [[Raş Seslætar]], and [[Osal Lasfe]] were also liberals, linking their demand for equal rights to broader democratic reform.

[[File:Alex. Kyr. Vorontsova-Dashkova 3.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Nefne Sary]], the philosophical founder of Gylian liberalism]]
[[Nefne Sary]] is generally considered the mother of Gylian liberalism. Her works reflect the dominant preoccupations of the 19th century: the questions of government and liberty. She was a staunch advocate of freedom, toleration, equality, and democracy. She invoked the [[Liúşai League]] of the past, associated with an ideal society characterised by equality and popular democracy, to condemn the inequality, discrimination, and authoritarianism of Xevden.

Informal liberal political movements and parties developed in Xevden, particularly from the [[History of Gylias#Gylian ascendancy|"constitutionalist" faction]] of the Gylian opposition. Liberals were key participants in the [[Gylian revolution of 1848]] and [[Glorious Rebellion]], where they forged early links with [[Socialism in Gylias|socialists]] and [[Anarchism in Gylias|anarchists]]. The {{G-NUP}} was established in 1875, becoming the oldest Gylian political party. It was followed by the {{G-NLP}} in 1877.

Notable foreign influences on Gylian liberalism included [[Delkora]]n, [[Cacerta|Cacertian]], [[Meᵹelan|Megelan]]ese, and [[Kirisaki]]an political philosophy.

The early liberals concerned themselves almost exclusively with constitutionalism, civil liberties, and the struggle against tyranny. As a result, they addressed the economy little, if at all. The influence of Delkoran liberalism produced an early factionalisation between {{wpl|classical liberalism|classical liberals}} — who advocated limited government, the {{wpl|social contract}}, and {{wpl|free trade}} — and {{wpl|social liberalism|social liberals}} — who advocated stronger measures to redress the impoverishment caused by Xevden.

King Karnaz's 1902 coup and subsequent repression marked a temporary setback for liberals and [[Conservatism in Gylias|conservatives]], which lost ground to [[Anarchism in Gylias|anarchists]] and other radicals in the [[History of Gylias#Xevden's disintegration|ensuing disintegration]].

===Alscia===
{{multiple image
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| image1   = DonatellaRossetti.jpg
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| caption1 = [[Donatella Rossetti]]
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| caption2  = [[Maria Caracciolo]]
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The [[Donatella Rossetti government]] governed the province of [[Alscia]] from its establishment to its dissolution. It was formed by the [[Popular Progressive Front]], an alliance of liberal and left parties, thus setting the precedent for liberalism's alignment with the centre-left.

Liberals largely dominated Alscian politics, and the [[Alscia#The "hurried province"|"hurried province"]] became an iconic achievement of Gylian liberalism. Donatella's [[Donatellism|brand of liberalism]] was resolutely progressive and committed to muscular intervention, in alliance with {{wpl|social movement}}s, to improve social conditions and reduce poverty.

[[Maria Caracciolo]] was a significant intellectual contributor to liberalism. The founder of ''[[Risveglio Nazionale]]'', she is credited with helping shape [[Donatellism]] into a coherent worldview, complementing Donatella's pragmatic instincts, and did much to support and arouse the progressive agitation and reformist energy that characterised the [[Alscia#The "hurried province"|"hurried province"]].

Alscia's economic and social success reshaped Gylian liberalism permanently. Donatella's adoption of a model of {{wpl|developmental state|state-driven development}}, similar to the one that would develop in [[Kirisaki]] and [[Akashi]], eradicated the classical liberal faction, cementing Gylian liberalism's centre-left orientation. At the same time, her government maintained a confrontational policy towards Xevden, engaging in the [[Alscian Border War]] and making the province a [[Alscia#Radicalism|nexus for Gylian radicals]].

Ironically, liberals' success in Alscia contained the seeds of a decline. The efforts to bolster the Gylian opposition had the side effect of giving exposure to ideologies such as [[Anarchism in Gylias|anarchism]], [[Socialism in Gylias|socialism]], and [[Communism in Gylias|communism]], helping radicalise Alscia itself. Within the [[Popular Progressive Front|FPP]], the {{G-SP}} and {{G-SDP}} gained influence in the 1920s–1930s at the expense of the liberals.

Internationally, liberals' ties to Delkora were reciprocated, as Donatella's commitment to social protection and firm action inspired [[Chancellor of Delkora|Chancellor]] [[Sofia Westergaard]] in her governance and attempts to transform the [[List of political parties in Delkora|Liberal Party]] along similar lines, culminating in the [[Liberal Party split of 1940]].

===Free Territories===
The liberals retained a significant presence in the [[Free Territories (Gylias)|Free Territories]], especially after [[Alscia]] joined them in 1939. Together, the [[Donatellism|Donatellists]] and [[Conservatism in Gylias#Free Territories|"constructive" conservatives]] formed the main alternative to [[Anarchism in Gylias|anarchism]] during the war.

Donatella remained the leading figure among liberals, owing to public respect for her achievements as Governor, and the appeal of her vision. She conceived of "government as an engineering marvel with an elegance of structure", which became the main competitor to anarchism's vision of decentralisation, direct democracy, and "appealing messiness".

[[File:Violet Bonham-Carter0002.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Violet Bonham]], one of the leading "anarcho-liberals"]]
[[Violet Bonham]] became a significant liberal thinker during this period. Her efforts to reconcile Donatellism with anarchism made her influential on [[Socialism in Gylias|liberal socialism]], and produced an "anarcho-liberal" current that sought to abolish both the state and {{wpl|capitalism}}, seeing anarchism as the ultimate achievement of liberty. 

The "anarcho-liberals" forged ties with [[Anarchism in Gylias#Right anarchism|market anarchists]] and {{wpl|mutualism (economic theory)|mutualists}}; they accepted the principle of {{wpl|common ownership}} but debated whether market mechanisms could be "emancipated" (as per [[Iana Rynai]]) or should be abolished. They also came into disagreement with the majority Donatellists in the liberal movement, which argued against immediately abolishing the state on the grounds that its mechanisms were necessary to coordinate rapid economic and social development.

The Free Territories' anarchist organisation opened space for experimentation and coexistence of multiple ideologies and economic systems. Some villages and cities took a liberal approach, especially in what had formerly been Alscia. Elsewhere, the [[Liberation War (Gylias)|Liberation War]] included liberal factions in its first phase, some of which gained success militarily but floundered against the strengthening radical tide.

===Gylias===
The Free Territories had cemented the alliance between liberals and the leftists, which was formalised after Gylian independence. The NUP, NLP, and PRRA took part in the [[Gylian federal election, 1958|1958 federal election]]. Collectively, they won 32,4% of the vote and 102 [[Gylian Parliament|Popular Assembly]] seats — a strong result, but still second place to the leftists.

Liberals took part in the popular drafting process that produced the [[Constitution of Gylias|Constitution]] and [[Law of Gylias#Legal foundations|six codes of law]]. As the largest non-anarchist faction, they worked with the [[Conservatism in Gylias#Free Territories|"constructive" conservatives]] to secure several symbolic concessions in the [[Constitution of Gylias|"miserable compromise"]].

The [[Law on Electoral Representation of 1960|1960 electoral reform]] led to a proliferation of new parties. The {{G-LU}} was set up as the liberals' main {{wpl|electoral bloc}}, notably completed by two explicitly "anarcho-liberal" formations: the {{G-LLR}} and {{G-FSP}}.

Liberals were included from the start in the [[Darnan Cyras government]]. They were allocated several symbolically important ministries, including [[Cabinet of Gylias#Ministries|communications]], [[Cabinet of Gylias#Ministries|equality]], and [[Cabinet of Gylias#Ministries|interior affairs]]. Distinguished liberal ministers included [[Clarissa Spenser]], who helped create forceful [[Human rights in Gylias#Anti-discrimination|anti-discrimination]] and {{wpl|minority rights}} legislation, [[Erika Ďileş]], who established the bedrock of [[Foreign relations of Gylias|foreign policy]], and [[Akane Tsunemori]], who oversaw the reinvention of [[Law enforcement in Gylias|law enforcement]] in accordance with the Free Territories' anarchist heritage.

In economic matters, the liberals had no trouble accepting the new [[Gylian consensus]], and two of their ministers brought notable contributions to [[Aliska Géza]]'s economic policies. [[Sae Chabashira]] succeeded in introducing a Miranian {{wpl|developmental state}} framework to [[Economy of Gylias#Planning|planning]] and regional development policy, building on the precedent of Donatellist ''{{wpl|dirigisme}}''. [[Kōichi Nishida]]'s push for extensive [[Transport in Gylias|public transport]] and championing of [[Gylian National Rail and Transportation Services|high-speed rail]] similarly harked back to Donatella's famously ambitious {{wpl|public works}}.

The [[Gylian federal election, 1962|1962]] and [[Gylian federal election, 1969|1969]] federal elections confirmed the LU's new status as the junior partners in the coalition with the {{G-PA}}, as they finished second and third, respectively. Some liberals fared better at the [[Municipalities of Gylias|municipal]] and [[Regions of Gylias|regional]] level, particularly in the regions that had formed Alscia, and formed good relationships with the [[Demopolis|demopolitan]] movement. However, liberals were affected by {{wpl|sinistrisme}}: they had a solid base but their more moderate profile placed a ceiling on support during the [[Golden Revolution]] — either perceived as the PA's junior allies or overshadowed by more colourful left formations like the {{G-LSDP}}.

The LU was severely affected by the [[wretched decade]]. It finished fourth in the [[Gylian federal election, 1976|1976]], [[Gylian federal election, 1980|1980]], and [[Gylian federal election, 1985|1985]] federal elections, and had to adjust to a role in opposition after having spent its previous existence in government.

The emergence of a strong {{wpl|environmentalist movement}}, politically represented by the {{G-GP}}, led liberals to adapt by embracing elements of {{wpl|green liberalism}}.

The LU were repeatedly approached by {{G-NB}} leader [[Lea Kersed]] for a {{wpl|grand coalition}}. While they were reluctant to abandon the partnership with the PA, a grand coalition that would reunite the left, liberals, [[Conservatism in Gylias|conservatives]] and centrists was appealing.

However, squabbles and disagreements among the opposition meant that this was not realised until after the Ossorian war crisis of 1986, when the [[Filomena Pinheiro government]] was formed. The LU thus returned to federal government, but they and the other established blocs suffered a voter backlash for their delay, and were challenged by new formations. The ''[[dérive au droite]]'' and the {{G-UFP}}'s split from the NB drew hostile reaction from liberals.

The [[Gylian federal election, 1990|1990 federal election]] marked a breakthrough for the {{G-NI}}, bolstered by voters punishing the established blocs. LU leader [[Mathilde Vieira]] formed a "plural coalition" [[Mathilde Vieira government|government]] with the {{wpl|techno-progressivism|techno-progressive}} {{G-NAF}}, {{G-LND}}, and {{G-IRAM}}. 

Mathilde gained renown for her negotiation and parliamentary skills, keeping her minority coalition in office by seeking case-by-case support from different formations. Her government presided over a period of renewed national confidence and economic growth. Its signature achievements included [[Economy of Gylias#Contemporary|policies to reduce consumption]] carried out by [[Aishwarya Devi]], environmentalist transformation, and the [[Decleyre Summit]] and [[Social Partnership Program]], which fostered a civic-minded and philanthropic culture among [[List of Gylians by net worth|rich Gylians]] and improved public attitudes towards entrepreneurship and wealth.

Under Mathilde and [[Kaori Kawashima]], the LU consistently finished first in federal elections up to [[Gylian federal election, 2008|2008]]. In the 2010s, it once again fell behind the PA in seats, which took the senior role in the [[Toni Vallas government]].

==Overview of Gylian liberalism==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
'''Parties'''
* {{G-LU}}
** {{G-NUP}}
** {{G-NLP}}
** {{G-PRRA}}

'''Allied parties and tendencies'''
* {{G-LU}}
** {{G-LLR}} ([[Socialism in Gylias|Liberal socialism]])
* {{G-CG}}
** {{G-MCP}}
* {{G-NI}}
** {{G-HP}}
** {{G-IRAM}}
** {{G-NAF}}

{{col-break}}
'''Organisations'''
* Donatella Rossetti Institute
* Society of Friends of the Constitution

'''Media outlets'''
* Liberal
** ''[[The National Observer]]'' (''L'Observateure Nationale'')
** ''[[L'Actualité]]''
** ''[[The Evening Courier]]'' (''L'Courier d'Soir'')
** ''[[The Federal Informer]]'' (''L'Informateure Féderelle'')
** ''[[The Independent Reader]]'' (''L'Lectreuse Indépendante'')

{{col-end}}

[[Category:Political movements of Gylias]]