View source for User:Tranvea/Zorasan

{{Infobox economy
| country    = Zorasan
| image      = Doha_West_Bay_Skyline_Qatar_Jan_2020.jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption    = [[Izidhar al-Mina]], Zorasan's financial centre.
| currency   = [[Zorasani toman|Toman]]
| fixed exchange =
| year       = 
| organs     = 
| gdp        = {{increase}} $2.652 trillion (PPP; est 2021)<br/>{{increase}} $1.928 trillion (Nominal; est 2021)
| gdp rank   = 13th (PPP)<br/>9th (Nominal)
| growth     = 	{{increase}} 5.8% (2018) {{increase}} 6.12% (2019)<br/>{{increase}} 5.90% (2020) {{increase}} 6.20% (2021f)
| per capita = $12,997 (PPP; est 2021)<br/>$9,450 (Nominal; est 2021)
| per capita rank =
| sectors    = {{wp|Primary sector of the economy|agriculture}}: 8.05%<br/>
{{wp|Secondary sector of the economy|industry}}: 61.45%
{{wp|Tertiary sector of the economy|services}}: 30.5%
| components = 
| inflation  = 5.32%
| bankrate   =  
| poverty    = {{IncreaseNegative}} 16.39%<br/>{{DecreasePositive}}  12.85% at risk of poverty or social exclusion<br/>{{DecreasePositive}}  18.3% on less than $5.50/day 
| gini       = {{decreasePositive}} 34.00 {{color|darkorange|medium}} (2019
| hdi        = {{increase}} 0.784 {{color|green|high}}
| labor      = {{increase}} 55,862,533
| occupations = agriculture: 16.7%
industry/construction: 27.1%
services: 56.2%
| unemployment = {{DecreasePositive}} 10%  
{{DecreasePositive}} 17.3% youth unemployment rate (15 to 24 year-olds)
| average gross salary = ZRT ~10490 / €934 / $1083 monthly
| gross median =  
| average net salary = ZRT ~8169 / €733 / $850 monthly
| net median = 
| industries = {{hlist|{{wp|petroleum}}|{{wp|petrochemicals}}|{{wp|machinery}}|{{wp|tourism}}|{{wp|textile industry|textile}}|{{wp|electronics industry|electronics}}|{{wp|construction}}|{{wp|shipbuilding}}|{{wp|automobile industry|autos}}|{{wp|steel}}|{{wp|iron}}|{{wp|mining}}|{{wp|copper}}|{{wp|chemicals}}|{{wp|foodstuffs}}}}
| edbr       = 
| exports    = {{increase}} $321.1 billion (2020 est.)
| export-goods = {{hlist|{{wp|petroleum}}|{{wp|petrochemicals}}|{{wp|machinery}}|{{wp|textile industry|apparel}}|{{wp|Transport equipment}}|{{wp|metals}}|{{wp|manufactures}}|{{wp|electronics}}|{{wp|foodstuff}}|{{wp|plastic}}|{{wp|ships}}}}
| export-partners = {{flag|Shangea}} 9.96%<br/>{{flag|Gaullica}} 6.36%<br/>{{flag|Werania}} 5.45%<br/>{{flag|Senria}} 5.05%<br/>{{flag|Baekjeong}} 4.43%<br/>{{flag|Paretia}} 4.01%<br/>{{flag|Estmere}} 3%<br/>{{flag|Ajahadya}} 2.59%<br/>{{flag|Soravia}} 2.28%<br/>{{flag|Etruria}} 2% 
| imports    = {{decrease}} $200 billion (2020 est.)
| import-goods =  {{hlist|{{wp|pharmaceuticals}}|{{wp|Intermediate good|semi-finished goods}}|{{wp|transport equipment}}|{{wp|chemicals}}|{{wp|foodstuffs}}|}}
| import-partners = {{flag|Shangea}} 11.30%<br/>{{flag|Gaullica}} 6.69%<br/>{{flag|Werania}} 5.30%<br/>{{flag|Estmere}} 5.11%<br/>{{flag|Senria}} 4.88%<br/>{{flag|Baekjeong}} 3.40%<br/>{{flag|Paretia}} 2.89%<br/>{{flag|Gulbistan}} 2.90%
| FDI        = {{increase}} $188.3 billion (2020 est.)<br/>{{increase}} Abroad: $57.44 billion (2020 est.)
| current account = {{IncreaseNegative}} $111.30 billion
| gross external debt = {{IncreaseNegative}} $205.1 billion
| NIIP       = 
| debt       = {{DecreasePositive}} 22.5% of GDP (2020)
| balance    = {{Increase}} $98.58 billion
| revenue    = {{Increase}} $272.8 billion
| expenses   = {{IncreaseNegative}} $188.8 billion
| aid        = 
| credit     = [[Estmere|FitzAllen & Kings:]]<br/>A- (Domestic)<br/>A- (Foreign)<br/>A (T&C Assessment)<br/>Outlook: Negative
| reserves   = {{decrease}} $454.98 billion
| cianame    =
| spelling   = 
| usebelowbox = yes or no; default value is "yes"; shows/hides bottom box
| presentUS$asdefault = yes or no; default value is "yes"; shows/hides statement about US$
}}

The economy of [[Zorasan]] is an {{wp|emerging market economy}}, as defined by the [[Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs]], Zorasan is further defined by economists and political scientists as a {{wp|newly industrialised country}}. Zorasan has the world's 9th-largest economy by nominal GDP and 13th largest-economy GDP by PPP, and the world's third largest-population at 204.118 million. Zorasan is the largest producer and exporter of {{wp|petrochemicals}}, and is among the world's leading producers of {{wp|foodstuffs|agricultural products}}, {{wp|construction materials}}, {{wp|industrial chemicals}}, {{wp|apparel|textiles}}, {{wp|transportation equipment}}, certain metals such as {{wp|copper}} and {{wp|iron}}, {{wp|consumer electronics}} and {{wp|home appliances}}. Zorasan's economy is widely defined as {{Wp|state capitalism|state capitalist}}, with major {{wp|state-owned enterprise}}s (SOEs), state-led and directed industrial strategies, coupled with mixed and private companies. Zorasan's economy also operates a "dual banking system" in which state-owned banks are utilised solely for domestic investment into enterprises, and private banks provide commericial services for individuals. 

Zorasan's economic development saw significant changes in the 1980s, following the successful [[Zorasani Unification|unification process]], which was succeeded by various pro-market economic and social reforms. From 1982 to 2002, GDP growth averaged between 10% and 11% annually, with steady improvements in incomes, fiscal and systemic stability and living standards. However, during the 2002-2005 period, GDP growth declined precipitously, as mismanagement and poorly conducted reforms destabilised the country's key industries, notably petrochemicals and manufacturing. [[The Turfan|Political instability]] and the onset of the [[2005 Global Recession (Kylaris)|2005 Global Recession]] further degraded economic growth. However, Zorasan was one of the first countries to record positive growth in 2007, while varying reforms undid most of the damage inflicted during the early 2000s, with growth averaging 7% and 9% until 2018. Since 2019, growth has averaged between 5.9% and 6.5% and is expected to remain stable for the foreseeable future. 

Since the 1980s, the overarching objective of Zorasani economic policy has been diversification of the economy, to lessen dependence on {{wp|rentier economy|petrochemical exports}} for economic output. This objective has been unchanged since its inception in the 1980s and has been key in the development of Zorasan as one of the ten largest global economies, and lifting an estimated 66.96 million people out of poverty. Zorasani economic policy has been rooted in the use of financial reserves and capital secured via petrochemical exports to invest and facilitate the emergence of rival industries, particularly the emergence of industrial manufacture, textiles, shipbuilding and electronics.

With a total worth of $36.4 trillion, Zorasan has the second most identified-valuable natural resources in the world. The country has the largest proven petroleum reserves, 354.103 billion barrels, and is the largest exporter of petroleum in the world. It also has the fourth-largest proven natural gas reserves and is considered the leading {{wp|energy superpower}}. However, due to three-decades of near constant focus on economic diversification, Zorasan has also emerged as one of the largest manufacturing economies and exporter of finished goods. With its young and fast growing population, the country is also one of the world's fastest-growing consumer markets.

== Macroeconomic trends ==

According to [[Estmere|FitzAllen & Kings]] and the [[Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs]], Zorasan's macroeconomic trends have remained "relatively stable since 1981/82" with the notable except of the early to mid 2000s, when socio-economic and political instability undermined progress of the preceding twenty-years. Political scientists have described Zorasan's overall economic strategy as driven primarily by "two insecurities"; the limited provision for social and wider economic development from petrochemicals and second, the need to provide sufficient national employment to maintain its {{wp|one-party state}} political system. The nature of Zorasan's founding in 1980, [[Zorasani Unification|following near-forty years of conflict]], resulted in the neccesity of establishing export-focus industries to fund reconstruction and modernisation of various regions. Prior to unification, all of Zorasan's predecessor states from independence in 1946, operated {{wp|rentier economy|rentier economic models}}, which were steadily dismantled over the succeeding years. The GIFA has described Zorasan's diversification strategy as a "pursuit of modernisation, industrialisation and mass employment on an unprecedented scale outside of [[Shangea]]." The pursuit of diversification has left a tanigable legacy on the socio-political nature of Zorasan's economy - where revenues from petrochemical exports have been funneled into the development of labour-intensive industries, over the development of a modern {{wp|social welfare}} system. 

The economic reforms implemented in 1981/82 were integral in propelling Zorasan into becoming one of the [[Kylaris|world]]'s major economies. Through highly regulated use of domestic direct investments, coupled with pro-market reforms of banking, finance in benefit of medium-sized and large private enterprises, Zorasan has succeeded in reducing petrochemicals as percentage of GDP by value from 89% to 65% from 1982 to 2019. It is estimated that by 2050, petrochemicals may represent 30% of GDP. The reforms enabled the economic development of [[Izidhar al-Mina]] and [[Bandar-e Sattari]] as major financial hubs, while [[Zahedan]], [[Borazjan]] and [[Soltanabad]] have likewise emerged as some of the world's leading manufacturing centres. Economic development in Zorasan however, is unbalanced and stark disparities exist between the coastal regions, select urban regions and inland regions. 

Economic development in Zorasan is guided by the central government, through various state organs, notably the [[State Commission for Economic and Social Development]], [[State Commission for Industrial Diversification and Modernisation]] and the [[Union Council for Enterprise and Commerce]], these three bodies are subordinate to the [[National Revolutionary Command Council]], the leading decision making body of the Zorasani state. Prior to the early 2000s, the Zorasani government guided development through {{wp|Five-Year Plan}}s, but these were abolished in wake of the [[Turfan]], and were replaced with general "economic directives" which drew on macroeconomic data, private business interests and studies by key academic and think-tank institutions. The 2020 Economic Directive states that the "national objective is to maintain the progression toward elevation from a {{wp|Developing country|middle-income economy}} to a {{wp|high-income economy}}, reduce {{wp|poverty}}, maintain diversification and promote a stable {{wp|consumerism|consumption-driven}} economic system."

Like [[Shangea]], [[Senria]] and [[Baekjeong]] before it, Zorasan has witnessed consistent steady growth, raising the living standards and incomes of its citizens, constructing new competitive industries, producing goods consumed globally. Between 1982 and 2020, per capita GDP in Zorasan grew from $218 to $12,997. The current account surplus increased from $12.80 billion in 1982 to %460 billion in 2020, an increase of over 3000%. Zorasan has grown from being near entirely dependent upon petrochemical exports for economic output and revenues (89% of GDP value) to developing one of the most dynamic and diversified economies (petrochemicals falling to 55% of GDP value in 2020). Zorasan's non-petrochemical industries produced $380 billion of valued goods in 2020, a 43% increase from 1990. Zorasan's industrial development saw success in lifting non-petrochemical industries from low-wage sectors like textiles and basic foodstuffs, to labour-intensive production of {{wp|locomotives}}, {{wp|ship}}s, and sophisiticated consumer electronics, {{wp|home appliances}} and {{wp|automobile|automobiles}}. 
=== Macroeconomic issues ===
==== Regional disparity ====
==== Environmental issues ====
==== Shadow banking system ====
==== Military involvement in national economy ====

== Main economic sectors==
=== Agricultural sector ===
=== Industrial sector ===
==== Consumer electronics and home appliances ====
==== Textiles and clothing====
====Motor vehicles and automotive products====
====Steel-Iron industry====

====Multiple unit trains, locomotives and wagons====
====Shipbuilding and marine services ====
==== Defence industry ====
====Science and technology====
===Construction and contracting sector===
===Service sector===
====Transport====
==== Finance ====
==== Communications ====
==== Tourism ====
==== Healthcare ====
== Natural resource==
=== Petrochemicals ===
=== Energy ===
==== Nuclear ====
==== Coal ====
==== Solar and Hydro ====
== External trade and investment ==
== Largest companies==
== Data ==