View source for User:Native Qazh/Sandbox6

=Phonolohy=
==Consonants==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="2" | 
! {{wp|labial consonant|Labial}}
! {{wp|alveolar consonant|Alveolar}}
! colspan="2" | {{wp|palatal consonant|Palatal}}
! {{wp|velar consonant|Velar}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | {{wp|Plosive}}/<br>{{wp|Affricate}}
! {{small|plain}}
| {{IPA link|p}} 
| {{IPA link|t}} 
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|t͡ɕ}}
| {{IPA link|k}} 
|-
! {{small|palatal}}
| {{IPA link|pʲ}} 
| {{IPA link|tʲ}} 
| {{IPA link|kʲ}} 
|-
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Fricative}}
| 
| {{IPA link|s}} 
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ɕ}}
| {{IPA link|x}} 
|-
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Nasal}}
| {{IPA link|m}} 
| {{IPA link|n}} 
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|nʲ}} 
| 
|-
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Approximant}}
| {{IPA link|ʋ}}
| {{IPAlink|l}}
| {{IPA link|lʲ}} ||{{IPA link|j}} 
| 
|-
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Liquid consonant|Rhotic}}
| 
| {{IPAlink|ɾ}}
| colspan="2" | 
| 
|-
|}

==Vowels==
<div style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 1em;">
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Tamir Tyulov<br>(1961)
!
! align="center" | {{wp|Front vowel|Front}}
! align="center" | {{wp|Central vowel|Central}}
! align="center" | {{wp|Back vowel|back}}
|- align="center"
! {{wp|Close vowel|Close}}
| {{IPA link|i}} 
| {{IPA link|ɪ̈}}, {{IPA link|ʊ}}
| {{IPA link|u}} 
|- align="center"
! {{wp|Mid vowel|Mid}}
| ʲ{{IPA link|e}}{{ref label|one|1}}
| {{IPA link|ɤ̈}} 
| {{IPA link|o}} 
|- align="center"
! {{wp|Open vowel|Open}}
| 
| {{IPA link|a}} 
| 
|}
</div>
<div style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 1em;">
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Λubomєr Џretyȝa<br>(1947)
!
! align="center" | {{wp|Front vowel|Front}}
! align="center" | {{wp|Back vowel|back}}
|- align="center"
! {{wp|Close vowel|Close}}
| {{IPA link|i}} 
| {{IPA link|u}}, ŭ
|- align="center"
! {{wp|Mid vowel|Mid}}
| ʲ{{IPA link|ɛ}}{{ref label|one|1}}, ĕ
| {{IPA link|ɔ}} 
|- align="center"
! {{wp|Open vowel|Open}}
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|a}}, ă
|}
</div>
{{note|one|1}} palatalized when it's the first sound of a word, or it comes after a vowel or consonants with palatal equivalents.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" | Vowels
! colspan="2" | Harmony
|-
! type 1
! type 2
|-
! Front
| {{IPA link|i}}, ʲ{{IPA link|e}}, {{IPA link|ɪ̈}}
| {{IPA link|ɪ̈}}
| {{IPA link|i}}
|-
! Back
| {{IPA link|a}}, {{IPA link|ɤ̈}}, 
| {{IPA link|ɤ̈}}
| {{IPA link|a}}
|-
! Round
| {{IPA link|o}}, {{IPA link|u}}, {{IPA link|ʊ}}
| {{IPA link|ʊ}}
| {{IPA link|u}}
|-
|}
A - type1 vowel harmony<br>
А<sup>2</sup> - type 2 vowel harmony, which is used in some affixes like the clitic genitive pronouns and when creating new verbs via affixes.

=Writing system=
{| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse"
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | А а
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӑ ӑ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Б б}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | В в
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Г г}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Д д}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Е е
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӗ ӗ
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Ж ж}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|З з}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | И и
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Й й
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | К к
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Л л
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | М м
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Н н
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | О о
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | П п
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Р р
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | С с
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ҫ ҫ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Т т
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | У у
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ў ў
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Ф ф}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Х х
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Ц ц}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ч ч
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Ш ш}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ь ь
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ю ю
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Я я
|-
|}
<br>
{| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse"
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | А а
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ă ă
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|B b}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | C c
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ć ć
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|D d}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | E e
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ĕ ĕ
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|F f}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|G g}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | H h
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | I i
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|J j}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | K k
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | L l
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | M m
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | N n
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | O o
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | P p
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Q q}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | R r
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | S s
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ś ś
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | T t
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | U u
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ŭ ŭ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | V v
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|W w}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|X x}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Y y
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Z z}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | 
|-
|}
<br>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Order
!1 !!2 !!3 !!4 !!5 !!6 !!7 !!8 !!9 !!10
!11 !!12 !!13 !!14 !!15 !!16 !!17 !!18 !!19 !!20
!21 !!22 !!23 !!24 !!25 !!26 !!27 !!28 !!29 !!30
!31 !!32
|-
!{{wp|Cyrillic script|Cyrillic}} upper case
|А ||Ӑ ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |Б ||В ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |Г ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |Д ||Е ||Ӗ ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |Ж ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |З 
|И ||Й ||К ||Л ||М ||Н ||О ||П ||Р ||С 
|Ҫ ||Т ||У ||Ў ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |Ф ||Х ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |Ц ||Ч ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |Ш ||Ь
|Ю ||Я 
|-
!{{wp|Cyrillic script|Cyrillic}} lower case
|а ||ӑ ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |б ||в ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |г ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |д ||е ||ӗ ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |ж ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |з 
|и ||й ||к ||л ||м ||н ||о ||п ||р ||с 
|ҫ ||т ||у ||ў ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |ф ||х ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |ц ||ч ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |ш ||ь
|ю ||я
|-
!{{wp|Latin script|Latin}} upper case
|A ||Ă ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |B ||V ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |G ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |D ||E ||Ĕ ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |Ž ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |Z 
|I ||Y ||K ||L ||M ||N ||O ||P ||R ||S 
|Ś ||T ||U ||Ŭ ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |F ||H ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |C ||Ć ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |Š ||Y
|Yu ||Ya
|-
!{{wp|Latin script|Latin}} lower case
|a ||ă ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |b ||v ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |g ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |d ||e ||ĕ ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |ž ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |z 
|i ||y ||k ||l ||m ||n ||o ||p ||r ||s 
|ś ||t ||u ||ŭ ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |f ||h ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |c ||ć ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |š ||y
|yu ||ya
|-
!{{wp|International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA}} sound
! {{IPAlink|a}}
! ɤ̈
! {{IPAlink|b}}
! {{IPAlink|ʋ}}
! {{IPAlink|ɡ}}
! {{IPAlink|d}}
! ʲ{{IPAlink|e}}
! ɪ̈
! {{IPAlink|ʑ}}
! {{IPAlink|z}}
! {{IPAlink|i}}
! {{IPAlink|j}}
! {{IPAlink|k}}
! {{IPAlink|l}}
! {{IPAlink|m}}
! {{IPAlink|n}}
! {{IPAlink|o}}
! {{IPAlink|p}}
! {{IPAlink|ɾ}}
! {{IPAlink|s}}
! {{IPAlink|ɕ}}
! {{IPAlink|t}}
! {{IPAlink|u}}
! {{IPAlink|ʊ}}
! {{IPAlink|ʋ̥}}
! {{IPAlink|x}}
! {{IPAlink|ts}}
! {{IPAlink|t͡ɕ}}
! {{IPAlink|ɕ}}
! {{IPAlink|◌ʲ}}
! ju
! ja
|-
|}

Affixes don't effect the spelling of the stem.
==Palatals==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" | 
! colspan="4" | When C-
! rowspan="2" | When -C-
! rowspan="2" | When -C
|-
! ӑ, ӗ, о, и
! -а
! -у
! -е
|-
! /{{IPAlink|pʲ}}/
| пь / py || пя / pya || пю / pyu || пе / pe
| пп / pp
| пь / py
|-
! /{{IPAlink|tʲ}}/
| ть / ty || тя / tya || тю / tyu || те / te
| тт / tt
| ть / ty
|-
! /{{IPAlink|kʲ}}/
| кь / ky || кя / kya || кю / kyu || ке / ke
| кк / kk
| кь / ky
|-
! /{{IPAlink|nʲ}}/
| нь / ny || ня / nya || ню / nyu || не / ne
| нн / nn
| нь / ny
|-
! /{{IPAlink|lʲ}}/
| ль / ly || ля / lya || лю / lyu || ле / le
| лл / ll
| ль / ly
|-
|}
When the consonant is in the -C- possition, it gets pronounced longer, which is why it was chosed to be spelled as geminated rather than with -ь or -ю/я/е.<br>
Affixes don't effect the spelling.

=Gramar=
==Syntax==
  SOV
  noun like adjectives
  possessee - possessor
  adjective - noun
  postpossitions
==Pronouns==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Number and Person
! rowspan="2" | {{wp|Nominative case|Nominative}}
! colspan="3" | {{wp|Dative case|Dative}} / {{wp|Genetive case|Genetive}}
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Accusative case|Accusative}}
! rowspan="2" | {{wp|Locative case|Locative}}
! rowspan="2" | {{wp|Ablative case|Ablative}}
! rowspan="2" | {{wp|Allative case|Allative}}
! rowspan="2" | {{wp|Instrumental case|Instrumental}}
! rowspan="2" | {{wp|Abessive case|Abessive}}
|-
!stressed
!clitic dative
!clitic genitive
!stressed
!clitic
|-
! rowspan="2" |Singular
! First
| Пӗ
| Пӗн
| -'мА<sup>2</sup>
| -(й)А<sup>2</sup>м
| Пӗй
| -'мА
| Пӗтӗ
| Пӗр
| Пӗть
| Пӗҫӗн
| Пӗҫӗр
|-
! Second
| Сӗ
| Сӗн
| -'сА<sup>2</sup>
| -(й)А<sup>2</sup>н
| Сӗй
| -'сА
| Сӗтӗ
| Сӗр
| Сӗть
| Сӗҫӗн
| Сӗҫӗр
|-
! rowspan="2" | Plural
! First
| Пӗме
| Пӗмен
| -'мА<sup>2</sup>м
| -(й)А<sup>2</sup>мА<sup>2</sup>
| Пӗмей
| -'мАм
| Пӗметӗ
| Пӗмер
| Пӗметь
| Пӗмеҫӗн
| Пӗмеҫӗр
|-
! Second
| Сӗме
| Сӗмен
| -'сА<sup>2</sup>м
| -(й)А<sup>2</sup>нА<sup>2</sup>
| Сӗмей
| -'сАм
| Сӗметӗ
| Сӗмер
| Сӗметь
| Сӗмеҫӗн
| Сӗмеҫӗр
|-
! colspan="2" | Third{{ref label|two|2}}
| Во
| Вон
| -'вА<sup>2</sup>
| -(й)А<sup>2</sup>
| Вой
| -'вА
| Вотў
| Вор
| Воть
| Воҫўн
| Воҫўр
|-
! colspan="2" | Self
| Хӑн
| Хӑнӑн
| -'хА<sup>2</sup>
| -'(й)А<sup>2</sup>х
| Хӑнӑ
| -'хА
| Хӑнтӑ
| Хӑнӑр
| Хӑнӑть
| Хӑнҫӑн
| Хӑнҫӑр
|-
|}
{{note|two|2}} There's no singlular or plural distinction of the third person pronouns besides contextual.

==Nouns==
===Number & Definitiness===
Grammatical number is implied by the speaker, in the context of singular usually the indefinite article is used, while the definite is also used in the plural context too.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" | Article
! colspan="2" | Example
|-
! Indefinite
| ӗ/ӗн
| ӗ сўр
| ӗн етӗ
|-
! Definite
| -Aп/пА
| сўр'''ўп
| етӗ'''пӗ
|-
! Partitive
| тес
| тес сўр
| тес етӗ
|-
! Negative<br>Indefinite
| рӗ/рӗн
| рӗ сўр
| рӗн етӗ
|-
! Negative<br>Definite
| рӗпӗ/рӗнӗп
| рӗпӗ сўр
| рӗнӗп етӗ
|-
! Negative<br>Partitive
| рӗтес
| рӗтес сўр
| рӗтес етӗ
|-
|}
сўр - house<br>етӗ - dog

===Case===

{| class="wikitable"
! Case
! Affix
! colspan="3" | Example
|-
! {{wp|Nominative case|Nominative}}
| -∅
|аўa ||ҫив ||тур 
|-
! {{wp|Dative case|Dative}}/{{wp|Genetive case|Genetive}}
| -(А)н
|аўa'''н''' ||ҫив'''ӗн''' ||тур'''ўн'''
|-
! {{wp|Accusative case|Accusative}}
| -А/й
|аўa'''й''' ||ҫив'''ӗ''' ||тур'''ў''' 
|-
! {{wp|Locative case|Locative}}
| -тА
|аўa'''тӑ''' ||ҫив'''тӗ''' ||тур'''тў''' 
|-
! {{wp|Ablative case|Ablative}}
| -(А)р
|аўa'''р''' ||ҫив'''ӗр''' ||тур'''ўр''' 
|-
! {{wp|Allative case|Allative}}
| -(А)ть
|аўa'''ть''' ||ҫив'''ӗть''' ||тур'''ўть''' 
|-
! {{wp|Instrumental case|Instrumental}}
| -ҫАн
|аўa'''ҫӑн''' ||ҫив'''ҫӗн''' ||тур'''ҫўн''' 
|-
! {{wp|Abessive case|Abessive}}
| -ҫАр
|аўa'''ҫӑр''' ||ҫив'''ҫӗр''' ||тур'''ҫўр'''
|-
! {{wp|Vocative case|Vocative}}
| -/о, -e
|аў'''о''' ||ҫив'''е''' ||тур'''е''' 
|-
|}
A - vowel harmony.<br>
аўa - air<br>ҫив - water<br>тур - earth

===Adjectives & Adverbs===

{{wp|Comparison (grammar)|Comparison}} forms of [[wikipedia:Adjective|Adjectives]] and [[wikipedia:Adverb|Adverbs]]:

* Positive - Bassic form of the word: big - кай
* Negative - Negation of the word: '''un'''big* - ре-кай
* Comparitive - Form for comparison relative to something: big'''ger''' - то-кай
* Superlative - Form showing absolute relative to a group: big'''gest''' - не-кай

==Verbs==
===Person & Direction===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|a
|-
|}

===Tense, Aspect, Mood===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Tense
! colspan="5" | Mood
|-
! Indicative
! Imperative
! Conditional
! Presumptive
! Permissive
|-
! colspan="2" | Present
| -∅
| -и/й{{ref label|three|3}}
| -пАт
| -кАм
| -(А)сҫА
|-
! colspan="2" | Past
| -(А)ть
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | 
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | 
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | 
| -(А)сҫАть
|-
! rowspan="2" | Past-participle
! Active
| -(А)ль
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | 
| -пАтАль
| -кАмАль
| -(А)сҫАль
|-
! Passive
| -(А)нь
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | 
| -пАтАнь
| -кАмАнь
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | 
|-
! colspan="2" | Future
| -(А)х
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | 
| -пАт
| -кАм
| -(А)сҫАх
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Future
| -(А)хАть
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | 
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | 
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | 
| -(А)сҫАхАть
|-
|}
{{note|three|3}} Only appears in second person, where the second person marker dosen't appear.<br>

===Copula===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="3" | Number &<br>Person
! past-<br>participle<br>(been)
! Past (was)
! Present<br>(am)
! Future<br>(will be)
! Past Future<br>(was going to be)
! Aorist<br>(would)
! Imperative<br>(be!)
|-
! rowspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First
| те{{color|blue|л}} {{color|green|тем}}
| те{{color|blue|ть}}{{color|#9A0000|ӗм}}
| те{{color|#9A0000|м}}
| те{{color|blue|вх}}{{color|#9A0000|ӗм}}
| те{{color|blue|вхӗть}}{{color|#9A0000|ӗм}}
| те{{color|blue|к}}{{color|#9A0000|ӗм}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
! colspan="2" | Second
| те{{color|blue|л}} {{color|green|теҫ}}
| те{{color|blue|ть}}{{color|#9A0000|ӗҫ}}
| те{{color|#9A0000|ҫ}}
| те{{color|blue|вх}}{{color|#9A0000|ӗҫ}}
| те{{color|blue|вхӗть}}{{color|#9A0000|ӗҫ}}
| те{{color|blue|к}}{{color|#9A0000|ӗҫ}}
| те{{color|blue|й}}
|-
! colspan="2" | Third
| те{{color|blue|л}} {{color|green|те}}
| те{{color|blue|ть}}
| те
| те{{color|blue|вӗх}}
| те{{color|blue|вхӗть}}
| те{{color|blue|к}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
! rowspan="4" | Plural
! colspan="2" | First
| те{{color|blue|л}} {{color|green|темчӗ}}
| те{{color|blue|ть}}{{color|#9A0000|ӗмчӗ}}
| те{{color|#9A0000|мчӗ}}
| те{{color|blue|вх}}{{color|#9A0000|ӗмчӗ}}
| те{{color|blue|вхӗть}}{{color|#9A0000|ӗмчӗ}}
| те{{color|blue|к}}{{color|#9A0000|ӗмчӗ}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
! colspan="2" | Second
| те{{color|blue|л}} {{color|green|теҫчӗ}}
| те{{color|blue|ть}}{{color|#9A0000|ӗҫчӗ}}
| те{{color|#9A0000|ҫчӗ}}
| те{{color|blue|вх}}{{color|#9A0000|ӗҫчӗ}}
| те{{color|blue|вхӗть}}{{color|#9A0000|ӗҫчӗ}}
| те{{color|blue|к}}{{color|#9A0000|ӗҫчӗ}}
| те{{color|blue|й}}{{color|#9A0000|ч}}
|-
! colspan="2" | Third
| те{{color|blue|л}} {{color|green|теч}}
| те{{color|blue|ть}}{{color|#9A0000|ӗч}}
| те{{color|#9A0000|ч}}
| те{{color|blue|вх}}{{color|#9A0000|ӗч}}
| те{{color|blue|вхӗть}}{{color|#9A0000|ӗч}}
| те{{color|blue|к}}{{color|#9A0000|ӗч}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
|}
Black - stem; {{color|#9A0000|Red}} - person/number; {{color|blue|Blue}} - tense/aspect/mood; {{color|green|Green}} - copula.

===Evidentiality===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 
! Affix
! Example
! Overliteral translation
|-
! Indicative
| 
| 
| 
|-
! Inferential
| 
| 
| 
|-
! Renarrative
| 
| 
| 
|-
! Dubitative
| 
| 
| 
|-
|}

===Derivation===
{| class="wikitable"
! Verb affix
! colspan="2" | Example
|-
| -{{color|blue|лА<sup>2</sup>}}
| ке (light)<br> сўс (word)
| ке{{color|blue|ли}} (to glow)<br> сўс{{color|blue|лу}} (to talk)
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! Form !! Suffix !! Verb !! English Translation
|-
| Positive || -{{color|blue|∅}}
| килӗм ||"I come", "I'm coming"
|-
| Negative || -{{color|blue|рА}}
| кил{{color|blue|рӗ}}м ||"I do not come", "I'm not coming"
|- 
| Perfective || {{color|blue|о(й)}}-
| {{color|blue|о}}килӗм ||"I come", "I'm coming"*
|-
| Necessitative || -{{color|blue|мАҫ}}
| кил{{color|blue|мӗҫ}}ӗм ||"I must come"
|-
| Potential || -{{color|blue|(й)Ай}}
| кил{{color|blue|ӗй}}м ||"I can come"
|-
| Impotential || -{{color|blue|(й)АйрА}}
| кил{{color|blue|ӗйрӗ}}м ||"I cannot come"
|-
| Conditional || -{{color|blue|сА}}
| кил{{color|blue|сӗ}}м ||"if only I came"
|-
| Cusative || -{{color|blue|(й)А<sup>2</sup>т}}
| кил{{color|blue|ит}}ӗм ||"I bring", Ï'm bringing"
|-
|}

=Numerals=
==Cardinal numbers==
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center"
|-
! №
! Word
|-
! 0
| нўл
|-
! 1
| пӗр
|-
! 2
| икке
|-
! 3
| виҫ
|-
! 4
| тавӑт
|-
! 5
| пиҫĕк
|-
! 6
| ўлта
|-
! 7
| ҫапте
|-
! 8
| сакӑр
|-
! 9
| тахӑр
|-
! 10
| вӗн
|-
! 11
| пӗр вӗнтӗ
|-
! 12
| иккӗ вӗнтӗ
|-
! 13
| виҫӗ вӗнтӗ
|-
! 14
| тавӑт вӗнтӗ
|-
! 15
| пиҫĕк вӗнтӗ
|-
! 16
| ўлта вӗнтӗ
|-
! 17
| ҫапте вӗнтӗ
|-
! 18
| сакӑр вӗнтӗ
|-
! 19
| тахӑр вӗнтӗ
|-
! 20
| иккӗвӗн
|-
! 21
| пӗр иккӗвӗнтӗ
|-
! 22
| иккӗ иккӗвӗнтӗ
|-
! 23
| виҫӗ иккӗвӗнтӗ
|-
! 24
| тавӑт иккӗвӗнтӗ
|-
! 25
| пиҫĕк иккӗвӗнтӗ
|-
! 30
| виҫӗвӗн
|-
! 40
| тавӑтвӗн
|-
! 50
| пиҫĕквӗн
|-
! 60
| ўлтавӗн
|-
! 70
| ҫаптевӗн
|-
! 80
| сакӑрвӗн
|-
! 90
| тахӑрвӗн
|-
! 100
| ҫĕр
|-
! 101
| пӗр ҫĕртӗ /<br>ҫĕр я пӗр 
|-
! 110
| вӗн ҫĕртӗ /<br>ҫĕр я вӗн 
|-
! 111
| ҫĕр я пӗр вӗнтӗ
|-
! 200
| иккӗҫĕр
|-
! 500
| пиҫĕкҫĕр
|-
! 1 000
| пӗнь
|-
! 1 999
| пӗнь тахӑрҫĕр<br>тахӑрвӗн я тахӑр
|-
! 2 000
| иккӗпӗнь
|-
! 5 000
| пиҫĕкпӗнь
|-
! 10 000
| равӑ
|-
! 1 000 000
| ҫĕрравӑ<br>(100 x 1 000) /<br>мильон
|-
|}

==Ordinal numbers==

==Fractional numbers==

=Honorifics=
=Derevation=
==Language Examples==
Derivation affixes:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Affix
! Used to create:
! Example
|-
| -(А<sup>2</sup>)р
| Agents of Verbs
| ура (tp step) → урар (foot)
|-
| 
| Collective nouns
| 
|-
| -(A)ч
| Nouns from Adjectives/Adverbs/Verbs
| хӗрлӗ (red) → хӗрлӗч (red color)
|-
| -(А)л
| Verbs from Adjectives/Adverbs/Nouns
| венне (fast) → веннекь (to go fast)
|-
| -ь/и/й
| Adjectives
| кўн (sun) → кўнь (sunny)
|-
| -йА<sup>2</sup>р
| Adjectives indicating lack of something
| сўр (house, home) → сўрюр (homeless)
|-
| -лA
| Adverbs
| алте (happy) → алтелӗ (happily)
|-
| -(А)нчА
| Diminutive
| етӗ (dog) → етӗнчӗ (doggie, puppy)
|-
| -кА
| Augmentatives
| киме (boat) → кимекӗ (ship)
|-
| -ҫтА<sup>2</sup>
| Places, locations
| пӗрӗх (unity) → пӗрӗхҫти (union)
|-
| 
| Inhabitants
| 
|-
| 
| Decendents (Sirnames)
| 
|-
|}