View source for Sangnam J-12

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{{Infobox Aircraft
|name           = Sangnam J-12
|type           = {{wpl | Fighter aircraft| fighter}},  {{wpl | Multirole combat aircraft |Multirole Fighter}}
|manufacturer   = Sangnam Aircraft Design Bureau
|image          = Sangnam J-12 Variants png.png
|caption        = Main J-12 variants (note the conformal fuel tanks on the C model)
|national origin = {{flag|Daekan}} 
|first flight   = 12 August 1992
|introduction   = 23 May 1995
|retired        = 
|status         = In service
|primary user   = Daekanese People's Army Air Force
|produced       = 1992-today
|number built   = +600
|program cost   = 
|unit cost      = $24+ million (2019)
}}

The '''Sangnam J-12''' (전투기 12; Jeontugi 12; Fighter (No.) 12) is a single-engine, lightweight multirole fighter aircraft in the delta and canard configuration, developed and produced by the Sangnam Aircraft Design Bureau for the [[Daekanese People's Army]]. The J-12 is capable of all-weather operations and is equipped with fly-by-wire controls. The J-12 entered service in 1995 and forms the backbone of the [[Daekanese People's Army Air Force]], while it also operated the naval aviation of the [[Daekanese People's Army Navy]].

While the first variants were originally oriented as a dedicated air-superiority fighters, in subsequent modifications and upgrades the J-12 has evolved into a multi-role aircraft capable of being used in the air-to-ground role with both unguided and precision guided munitions. Later variants are also capable of aerial refueling and can also fit conformal fuel tanks (CFTs), significantly increasing their operational range. The J-12 has been exported to several nations, most notably [[Pakiranistan]], which is the aircraft's second largest operator after [[Daekan]].

==Origins and development==

By the late 70s and early 80s, the most modern and capable Daekanese fighter was the [[Sasngnam J-9]], a local design based on elements of the Vanquarian MiG-23 which had entered service in 1978. While the J-9 had proven capable against older FA-30s and F-5s in the [[Invasion of Gogsan (1979)| 1979 invasion of Gogsan]], its drawbacks were also showcased. The recent introduction of fourth-generation fighter aicraft by hostile and potentially hostile states, such as the F-15 and F-16 or the Valaran FA-42 Varja I, intensified the concern that the DPAAF would remain too far behind. Many within the DPAAF and general DPA leadership expressed the opinion that compared to those designs, the J-9 was obsolete at the date of its introduction into service.



==Design==

===Airframe===

===Engines===

===Electronics and Avionics===

==Operational history==

*{{flag|Daekan}}: The Daekanese People's Army Air Force is the main operator of the J-12, with 80 J-12As, 140 J-12Bs and 40 J-12Cs in service. The Daekanese People's Army Navy Air Force operates 30 J-12Bs.
*{{flag|Pakiranistan}}: The Pakiranistani Air Force is the second largest operator of the J-12, with 100 J-12PI, 38 J-12PS, and 30 J-12PNG in service.
*{{flag|Kamdai}}: The Kamdai People's Defence Army Air Force operates up to 100 J-12 of different variants.
*{{flag|Kimjak}}: The Kimjak Liberation Army Air Force operates 24 J-12Bs with an additional 24 on order.

==Variants==

===Domestic variants===
*'''W-012-1:''' Prototype variant. It did not feature canards
*'''W-012-2:''' Second prototype variant. Canards were added and the ventral fins were extended
*'''J-12A:''' Initial production variant, featuring the LS-78 pulse-doppler radar and Yolam-52A engine.
*'''J-12P:''' Two-seat variant of the J-12A.
*'''J-12B:''' Upgraded variant introduced in 2006. Includes a larger nose cone to accommodate the new LS-86 pulse-doppler radar, modified vertical stabilizer with housing for an extensive avionics and ECM suite, the more powerful Yolam-60 engine, as well as extended engine cover. Has the capacity to mount conformal fuel tanks.
*'''J-12BP:''' Two-seat variant of the J-12B
*'''J-12C:''' Latest variant, introduced in 2014. It features a slightly enlarged cockpit for better visibility, lighter and stealthier diverterless supersonic inlets, modified wings with extended leading-edge slats and wingtip hardpoints for missiles. Additionally, it has an improved avionics suite, the upgraded Yolam-60B engine and the new LS-92 active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar.
*'''J-12CP:''' Two-seat variant of the J-12C
*'''J-12D:''' Upgrade program currently under development. The program includes a new, improved canard design, a 3-D vectoring engine, extensive RAM coating and improved avionics. The prototype flew in January 2020.
*'''J-12H:''' Carrier-borne variant based on the J-12B under consideration by the Daekanese People's Army Naval Air Force (DPANAF) for use in the new Jang-gun-class of aircraft carriers.

===Export and foreign variants===
*'''J-12S:''' Export variant of the J-12A offered since 1998 featuring the LS-76 radar. Two-seater variant is the JS-12PS
*'''J-12SB:''' Upgraded export variant offered since 2009. It is based on the J-12B, and features the LS-86E radar. Two-seater variant is the JS-12PSB
*'''J-12SC:''' Latest export variant offered since 2015. It is based on the JC-12C, and features the LS-91 active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar. Two-seater variant is the J-12PSC.
*'''J-12PI:''' Pakirani variant based off of the J-12S, the aircraft has been modified and reequipped for the light interceptor role, it features Pakirani avionics and the AASR-95 radar
*'''J-12PS:''' Pakirani Two-Seater variant based off of the J-12PS, the aircraft has been adapted to the strike role, and features the Pakirani ATSTR targeting pod as well as fuselage mounted bomb racks.
*'''J-12PNG:''' Latest upgraded Pakirani variant in service since 2012, It is based on the J-12PI, the aircraft features avionics improvements such as the helmet-mounted display and sight (HMD/S) system, the cockpit has been overhauled into one single Multi-Function Display (MFD), as well as incorporating the NGAASR active electronically-scanned array (AESA) radar with rumored infrared search and track (IRST) system capability.

==Specifications (J-12B)==
[[File:Sangnam JS-9A wiki 1.png|500px|right]]
[[File:Sangnam JS-9B wiki 1.png|500px|right]]
[[File:Sangnam JS-9C wiki 1 .png|500px|right]]
{{aircraft specifications
<!-- if you do not understand how to use this template, please ask at [[WT:Air]] -->
|jet or prop?=jet
|plane or copter?=plane
<!-- Now, fill out the specs.  Please include units where appropriate (main comes first, alt in parentheses). If an item doesn't apply, like capacity, leave 
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        General characteristics
-->
|crew=1: pilot
|payload main=
|payload alt=
|length main=17.33
|length alt=
|span main=10.13
|span alt=
|height main= 4.84 m
|height alt=
|area main=
|area alt=
|airfoil=
|empty weight main= 10,000 kg kg
|empty weight alt=
|loaded weight main= 14,000 kg 
|loaded weight alt=
|max takeoff weight main= 19,500 kg
|max takeoff weight alt=
|more general=
<!-- Powerplant -->
|engine (jet)= Hyesan Yolam-52A 
|type of jet=afterburning turbofan
|number of jets=1
|thrust main=
|thrust alt=
<!-- Performance -->
|max speed main= Mach 2.2 (2,336 km/h, 1,451 mph) at high altitude/ 1,110 km/h (690 mph) at low altitude
|max speed alt=
|max speed more=
|range main= 3,600 km with drop tanks
|range alt=
|range more=
|combat radius main= 1,550 km with drop tanks
|combat radius alt=
|combat radius more=
|ferry range main= 
|ferry range alt=
|ferry range more=
|ceiling main=  18,000 m 
|ceiling alt= 59,000 ft
|climb rate main= 310 m/s 
|climb rate alt= 61,020 ft/min
|loading main= 
|loading alt=
|thrust/weight=
|more performance=
<!-- Armament -->
|Armament=<!-- if you want to use the following specific parameters, do not use this line at all-->
|guns=  Provision for 2× 27 mm CR-127 cannon, 130 rounds per gun
|hardpoints= Total of 11: 6 under-wing, 4 under-fuselage, 1 centerline; with a capacity of 7,300 kg (16,093 lb) external fuel and ordnance (C variants have two additional wingtip hardpoints) 
|hardpoint missiles=<br />
**Air-to-air missiles:
***[[BL-8]] IR SRAAM
***[[BL-13]] SARH/ARH MRAAM
***[[BL-14]] IR SRAAM
***[[BL-16]] ARH MRAAM
***[[BL-17]] ARH LRAAM
***[[SRA-5]] IR SRAAM
***[[NSRA-10]] IR SRAAM-MRAAM
***[[lRA]] ARH LRAAM
**Air-to-surface missiles
|hardpoint bombs=<br />
***MP series of dumb bombs (250 kg and 500 kg bombs)
***GB series of dumb bombs (150 kg, 250 kg, 500 kg and 700 kg bombs)
***YP-5 laser guided bomb
***GGB series of laser guided bombs (250 kg, 500 kg and 700 kg bombs)
***GP-7 glide bomb
|hardpoint other=<br />
***LP-20 rocket pod
***LP-32 rocket pod
***Various fuel tanks (up to 3)
<!-- Avionics -->
|avionics=TBA
}}

{{Daekanese post-WW2 military aircraft|state=expanded}}