View source for 1993 Besmenian federal election

{{Infobox election
| election_name     = 1993 Besmenian federal election
| country           = [[Besmenia]]
| flag_year         = 
| flag_image        = Flag of Besmenia.png
| type              = parliamentary<!-- presidential, parliamentary, legislative, primary, or by-election --><!-- MANDATORY, and limited to the preceding five types -->
| vote_type         = Popular <!-- default -->
| ongoing           = 
| party_colour      = 
| party_name        = 
| alliance_name     = 
| previous_election = 
| previous_year     = [[1989 Besmenian federal election|1989]]
| outgoing_members  = 
| election_date     = September 5, 1993<!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| elected_members   = 
| next_election     = <!--page title, will be linked if it exists-->
| next_year         = [[1997 Besmenian federal election|1997]]
| votes_for_election= 
| needed_votes      = 
| seats_for_election= 427 seats
| majority_seats    = 214
| opinion_polls     = 
| registered        = 
| turnout           = 
| votes_counted     = <!-- Use ONE out of votes_counted, reporting or declared, do not include percentage (%) sign-->
| reporting         = <!-- Use ONE out of votes_counted, reporting or declared, do not include percentage (%) sign-->
| declared          = <!-- Use ONE out of votes_counted, reporting or declared, do not include percentage (%) sign-->
| last_update       = 
| time_zone         = 
| image_upright     = 

<!--        person 1        -->
| image1            = [[File:Manfred Kanther.jpg|120x120px]]
| image1_size       = 100px
| image1_upright    = 
| colour1           = 0F0FFF
| nominee1          = <!-- when appropriate, candidate1 can be used instead -->
| candidate1        = <!-- any type of election -->
| leader1           = [[Erik Tautenbach]]<!-- legislative or parliamentary only-->
| party1            = [[Besmenian People's Party|BVP]]
| alliance1         = 

<!-- presidential -->
| home_state1       = 
| running_mate1     = 
| electoral_vote1   = 
| delegate_count1   = 
| states_carried1   = 
| districts_won1    = 

<!-- legislative or parliamentary -->
| leader_since1     = 27 September 1985
| leaders_seat1     = [[Neidenstein-Sulzburg]]
| last_election1    = 
| seats_before1     = 
| seats_needed1     = 
| seats1            = '''153'''
| seats_after1      = 
| seat_change1      = {{increase}} 8

<!-- any -->
| popular_vote1     = 
| percentage1       = '''34,6%'''
| swing1            = {{increase}} 3,4%<!-- legislative or parliamentary only-->


| image2            = [[File:Kurt Stöger2.png|120x120px]]
| image2_size       = 100px
| image2_upright    = 
| colour2           = FFFF00
| nominee2          = <!-- presidential only, when appropriate, candidate2 can be used instead -->
| candidate2        = <!-- any type of election -->
| leader2           = [[Kurt Stöger]]<!-- legislative or parliamentary only-->
| party2            = [[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party|FBBP]]
| alliance2         = 

<!-- presidential -->
| home_state2       = 
| running_mate2     = 
| electoral_vote2   = 
| delegate_count2   = 
| states_carried2   = 
| districts_won2    = 

<!-- legislative or parliamentary -->
| leader_since2     = 14 June 1991
| leaders_seat2     = [[Laitstadt]]
| last_election2    = 
| seats_before2     = 
| seats_needed2     = 
| seats2            = 124
| seats_after2      = 
| seat_change2      = {{decrease}} 55

<!-- any -->
| popular_vote2     = 
| percentage2       = 28%
| swing2            = {{decrease}} 10,5%<!-- legislative or parliamentary only-->

<!--        Social Democratic Union         -->
| image3            = [[File:Ludwig Bröckler.jpg|120x120px]]
| image3_size       = 100px
| image3_upright    = 
| colour3           = 32CD32
| nominee3          = <!-- presidential only, when appropriate, candidate2 can be used instead -->
| candidate3        = <!-- any type of election -->
| leader3           = [[Ludwig Bröckler]]<!-- legislative or parliamentary only-->
| party3            = [[Green Party of Besmenia|GPB]]
| alliance3         = 


<!-- legislative or parliamentary -->
| leader_since3     = 6 November 1992
| leaders_seat3     = [[Summingia]]
| last_election3    = 
| seats_before3     =
| seats_needed3     = 
| seats3            = 65
| seats_after3      = 
| seat_change3      = {{increase}} 32

<!-- any -->
| popular_vote3     = 
| percentage3       = 14,9%
| swing3            = {{increase}} 7,7% <!-- legislative or parliamentary only-->

<!--        Besmenian Republican Party         -->
| image4            = [[File:Doris Klammer3.png|120x120px]]
| image4_size       = 100px
| image4_upright    = 
| colour4           = FF0000
| nominee4          = <!-- presidential only, when appropriate, candidate2 can be used instead -->
| candidate4        = <!-- any type of election -->
| leader4           = [[Doris Klammer-Brunt]]<!-- legislative or parliamentary only-->
| party4            = [[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|SDU]]
| alliance4         = 

<!-- presidential -->
| home_state4       = 
| running_mate4     = 
| electoral_vote4   = 
| delegate_count4   = 
| states_carried4   = 
| districts_won4    = 

<!-- legislative or parliamentary -->
| leader_since4     = 16 January 1984
| leaders_seat4     = [[Summingia]]
| last_election4    = 
| seats_before4     = 
| seats_needed4     = 
| seats4            = 53
| seats_after4      = 
| seat_change4      = {{decrease}} 17

<!-- any -->
| popular_vote4     = 
| percentage4       = 12,1%
| swing4            = {{decrease}} 3% <!-- legislative or parliamentary only-->

<!--        Green Party of Besmenia         -->
| image5            = [[File:Alexander von Wiest1999.png|120x120px]]
| image5_size       = 100px
| image5_upright    = 
| colour5           = 00CED1
| nominee5          = <!-- presidential only, when appropriate, candidate2 can be used instead -->
| candidate5        = <!-- any type of election -->
| leader5           = [[Alexander von Wiest]]<!-- legislative or parliamentary only-->
| party5            = [[National Besmenian Party|NBP]]
| alliance5         = 

<!-- presidential -->
| home_state5       = 
| running_mate5     = 
| electoral_vote5   = 
| delegate_count5   = 
| states_carried5   = 
| districts_won5    = 

<!-- legislative or parliamentary -->
| leader_since5     = 10 July 1990
| leaders_seat5     = [[Greuningia]]
| last_election5    = 
| seats_before5     = 
| seats_needed5     = 
| seats5            = 32
| seats_after5      = 
| seat_change5      = ''New party''

<!-- any -->
| popular_vote5     = 
| percentage5       = 7,3%
| swing5            = ''New Party'' <!-- legislative or parliamentary only-->

<!-- map -->
| map_image         = Besmenian1993electionmap.png
| map_size          = 185px
| map_alt           = 
| map               = 
| map_caption       = 

<!-- bottom -->
| title             = Government
| before_election   = [[Stöger cabinet]]
| before_party      = [[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party|FBBP]]-[[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|SDU]]
| posttitle         = Government after election
| after_election    = [[First Tautenbach cabinet]]
| after_party       = [[Besmenian People's Party|BVP]]-[[Green Party of Besmenia|GPB]]
}}
The '''1993 Besmenian federal election''' took take place on September 5, 1993 in [[Besmenia]]. It was the election of the 20th [[Federal Chamber (Besmenia)|Federal Chamber]]. The 20th Besmenian Federal Chamber was constituted on September 25, 1993. The [[Stöger cabinet|Stöger government]] remained in office until a new government was sworn in.
==Background==
After the [[Assassination of Martin Beiter]] on May 5, 1991, the former Federal Minister for Post and Telecommunications, Kurt Stöger, was elected Prime Minister by a majority of the [[Federal Chamber (Besmenia)|Federal Chamber]] on May 15, 1991.
==Contesting parties==
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" colspan="3"| Name
! rowspan="2"| Ideology
! rowspan="2"| Party leader
! colspan="2"| 1989 result
|-
! Votes (%)
! Seats in the Federal Chamber
|-
| bgcolor=#FFFF00|
| align=center| '''FBBP'''
| [[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party]]<br />{{small|''Freie Besmenische Bürgerpartei''}}
| {{wpl|Liberalism}} <br> {{wpl|Social liberalism}}
| [[Kurt Stöger]]
| align=center| 38,5% 
| {{Composition bar|179|427|#FFFF00}}
|-
| bgcolor=#0F0FFF|
| align=center| '''BVP'''
| [[Besmenian People's Party]]<br />{{small|''Besmenische Volkspartei''}}
| {{wpl|Christian Democracy}} <br> {{wpl|Conservatism}}
| [[Erik Tautenbach]]
| align=center| 31,2%
| {{Composition bar|145|427|#0F0FFF}}
|-
| bgcolor=#FF0000|
| align=center| '''SDU'''
| [[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|Social Democratic Union]]<br />{{small|''Sozialdemokratische Union''}}
| {{wpl|Social democracy}}
| [[Doris Klammer-Brunt]]
| align=center| 15,1%
| {{Composition bar|70|427|#FF0000}}
|-
| bgcolor=#32CD32|
| align=center| '''GPB'''
| [[Green Party of Besmenia]]<br />{{small|''Grüne Partei Besmeniens''}}
| {{wpl|Green conservatism}}
| [[Ludwig Bröckler]]
| align=center| 7,2%
| {{Composition bar|33|427|#32CD32}}
|-
|}

==Candidates==
===[[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party|FBBP]]===
[[Kurt Stöger]], who took over the position as Prime Minister and FBBP chairman after Martin Beiter's assassination, ran as an FBBP candidate in the election.
===[[Besmenian People's Party|BVP]]===
BVP chairman Erik Tautenbach ran for a second time as the BVP candidate after [[1989 Besmenian federal election|1989]].
===[[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|SDU]]===
The [[Federal Ministry for Finance (Besmenia)|Federal Minister for Finance]] and [[Vice Prime Minister of Besmenia|Vice Prime Minister]] [[Doris Klammer-Brunt]] ran for the SDU a third time as prime minister candidate.
===[[Green Party of Besmenia|GPB]]===
Ludwig Bröckler stood for the first time as prime minister candidate for the GPB.
===[[National Besmenian Party|NBP]]===
For the first-time participant NBP, [[Alexander von Wiest]] ran as the NBP candidate in the election.
==Issues and campaign==
==Results==
{| style="width:80%; text-align:center;"
|+ style="width:50.0%; text-align:right" | ↓
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:#0F0FFF; width:35.83%;" | '''153'''
| style="background:#32CD32; width:15.22%;" | '''65'''

| style="background:#FFFF00; width:29.04%;" | {{font color|#000000|'''124'''}}
| style="background:#FF0000; width:12.41%;" | '''53'''
| style="background:#00CED1; width:7.49%;" | '''32'''
|-
| '''BVP'''
|'''GPB'''
|'''FBBP'''
| '''SDU'''
|'''NBP'''
|}
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
|colspan="5"|[[File:BFC1993-1997new.png|center|300px]]
|-
!colspan=2 rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|Party
!rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|Votes
!rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|%
!rowspan="1" style="width:60px;"|Seats
|-
|
|-
|style="background:#0F0FFF"| ||align=left|[[Besmenian People's Party]]||17,730,425||34,6||153
|-
|style="background:#FFFF00"| ||align=left|[[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party]]||14,348,321||28||124
|-
|style="background:#32CD32"| ||align=left|[[Green Party of Besmenia]]||7,635,356||14,9||65
|-
|style="background:#FF0000"| ||align=left|[[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|Social Democratic Union]]||6,200,524||12,1||53
|-
|style="background:#00CED1| ||align=left|[[National Besmenian Party]]||3,740,812||7,3||32
|-
|style="background:#D3D3D3"| ||align=left|Other parties||1,434,832||2,8||0
|-
|align=left colspan=2|Invalid/blank votes||153,732||0,3||–
|-
|align=left colspan=2|'''Total'''||'''51,244,002 '''||'''100'''||'''427'''
|-
|align=left colspan=2|Registered voters||61,500,636||83,32||–
|}

{{Bar box
| title    = Popular vote
| titlebar = #ddd
| width    = 600px
| barwidth = 410px
| bars     = 
{{Bar percent|BVP|#0F0FFF|34.6}}
{{Bar percent|FBBP|#FFFF00|28}}
{{Bar percent|GPB|#32CD32|14.9}}
{{Bar percent|SDU|#FF0000|12.1}}
{{Bar percent|NBP|#00CED1|7.3}}
{{Bar percent|Other parties|#D3D3D3|2.8}}
}}

==Government formation==
{| class="wikitable float-right"
! style="background:#ECECEC"|Coalitions considered
! style="background:#ECECEC"|Seats
|-
|'''Total seats''' || '''427'''
|-
|colspan="2"| '''''Absolute majority (From 214 seats)'''''
|-
| {{colorbox|#0F0FFF}} {{colorbox|#FFFF00}} BVP, FBBP|| 277
|-
| {{colorbox|#0F0FFF}} {{colorbox|#32CD32}} '''BVP, GPB'''|| '''218'''
|}
The goal of the FBBP and SDU to achieve a yellow-red majority again, as was achieved in [[1980 Besmenian federal election|1980]], [[1981 Besmenian federal election|1981]], [[1985 Besmenian federal election|1985]] and [[1989 Besmenian federal election|1989]], was not achieved in this election. Already in the polls months before the election, a FBBP-SDU coalition was ruled out, making a BVP-FBBP coalition the most likely in the last days before the election. After the announcement of the election results, the high election gains of the GPB led to the possibility of a BVP-GPB coalition, especially since both parties together had a majority of 218 seats in the Federal Chamber.
==Aftermatch==
The result led to the first blue-green coalition at federal level, which included [[Erik Tautenbach]] as [[Prime Minister of Besmenia|Prime Minister]] and [[Ludwig Bröckler]] as [[Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Besmenia)|Foreign Minister]] and [[Vice Prime Minister of Besmenia|Vice Prime Minister]]. The [[First Tautenbach cabinet|Tautenbach I]] government was sworn in by [[President of Besmenia|President]] [[Otto Schulz]] on October 25, 1993.

Kurt Stöger announced his resignation as FBBP chairman on the night of the election. His successor was [[Heinz Maurich]], who served as [[Federal Ministry for Justice (Besmenia)|Minister of Justice]] from 1985 to 1993. Also on September 9, 1993, Doris Klammer-Brunt announced her resignation as SDU chairwoman.


[[Category: Besmenia]]