View source for Dunhelm Island

{{under construction}}
{{Infobox disputed islands
| name             = Dunhelm Island
| image name       = Nevis_Aerial.jpg
| image caption    = Dunhelm Island from the east
| image size       = 300px
| locator map      = [[File:IdR Map.png|300px]]
| map_custom       = 
| native name      = Duneler <small>([[Imaguan Creole]])</small><br>Isola di Sant'Osorio <small>({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}})</small>
| native name link = 
| other_names      = 
| location         = [[Arucian Sea]]
| coordinates      = 
| archipelago      = 
| total islands    = 
| major islands    = 
| area             = 192.91 km²
| length           =
| width            =
| coastline        =
| highest mount    = Mt. Couto
| elevation        = 625 m
| country claim                   = {{flag|Bonaventure}}
| country claim divisions title   = State
| country claim divisions         = [[State of San Giorgio (Bonaventure)|San Giorgio]]
| country                         = {{flag|Imagua and the Assimas}}
| country admin divisions title   = County
| country admin divisions         = [[Saint Isidore's County|Saint Isidore's]]
| population       = 11,330
| population as of = 2021
| density          = 
| ethnic groups    = 
| additional info  =
}}
'''Dunhelm Island''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Isola Dunelm'', [[Western Imaguan Creole]]: ''Duneler''), also known as '''Saint Osorius' Island''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Isola di Sant'Osorio'') is an island located in the [[Arucian Sea]], situated 22.4 kilometers away from the [[Imagua (island)|island of Imagua]], and just over 100 kilometers from the island of [[Bonaventure]]. Disputed between Bonaventure and [[Imagua and the Assimas]], it has been under Imaguan control since 1946 after being seized from the [[Greater Solarian Republic]] during the [[Solarian War]].

==Etymology==
The officially used name '''Dunhelm Island''' comes from the city of [[Duinhelm]] in [[Borland]], which had been under {{wp|personal union}} with [[Estmere]] at the time the island was discovered by Eucleans in 1549, although the island only ended up under Estmerish control in 1771.

The name used by [[Bonaventura]], '''Saint Osorius' Island''' (''Isola di Sant'Osorio''), derives from [[Saint Osorius]], as the island was discovered by TBD on the feast day of Saint Osorius.

Besides these two names, older names for the island include '''Caike''', which originates from {{wp|Taino language|Nati}} ''caike'', meaning "small island" (''cai'' and ''(e)ke'' respectively), and '''Mabegiti pa'wu''', meaning ''worthless island'' in {{wp|Island Carib|Old Imaguan}} (compare ''Mabegiti ubouhu'' in {{wp|Garifuna|Imaguan}}).

==History==
===Pre-colonization===
Humans first settled Dunhelm Island around 6,000 years {{wp|before present}}, at roughly the same time as the rest of the Imaguan archipelago, with the earliest artefacts dating back to between 5,000 and 6,000 years before present. Settlement was not always continuous, with the island being abandoned and repopulated several times between 5,000 BP and the 1500s.

The earliest known people to settle Dunhelm Island were {{wp|Taino people|Nati peoples}}, having taken over the island around 150 BCE, and immediately dominated the island. From around the 200s CE onward, the Nati on Dunhelm Island would come under the rule of [[Marai peoples|Marai]], although the small size of Dunhelm Island meant that Marai presence in the area was largely restricted to trade with Marai settlements on present-day [[Bonaventura]] and Imagua, as well with the mother cities on Satucin.

After the collapse of the classical Marai city states, and the arrival of the [[Mutu people|Mutu people]] on Imagua around the 700s CE, Dunhelm Island would receive a number of Nati refugees, although the island's small size meant that compared to [[Sainte-Chloe]], Dunhelm Island's population remained at carrying capacity. However, by the 1400s, the Mutu began to arrive on the island

At the time the island was first sighted, it was estimated that there were around three thousand Nati living on Dunhelm, with [[Native Imaguan people|Native Imaguans]] beginning to establish a foothold on Dunhelm Island, with archaeological evidence documenting conflict on the site of present-day [[Adoroni]] and TBD between the Nati and the Native Imaguans.

===Early colonization===
[[File:Nevis_FrenchSlavetrade.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Depiction of the slave trade on Dunhelm Island, {{circa|1876}}]]
The island was first sighted by [[Caldia|Caldish]] explorer [[Cárthach Ó Ruanaidh]] in 1549, but it was only in 1573 when under [[Geatland|Geatish]] explorer TBD, he landed on the island and claimed what he called '''Caise''' (from {{wp|Taino language|Nati}} ''Caike'') for Geatland, with the town of [[TBD|Lötvall]] (present-day [[TBD]]) being the primary settlement on the island. During this period, while the island was not as populated as [[Imagua (island)|Imagua]], or the [[Assimas]], the Nati on Dunhelm Island were enslaved, and were so mistreated or otherwise died from disease that by 1650, there were "virtually no natives" left on Dunhelm Island.

While after the island of Imagua fell, it remained under Geatish control. However, its lack of utility to the Geats meant that in 1681, the Geats sold Dunhelm Island to TBD, who attempted to establish a colony in TBD. However, after the colony failed, the [[Poveglia|Poveglians]] who were governing Bonaventura took over Dunhelm Island in 1683. (TBC)

This state of affairs lasted until 1721, when after the [[Gilded Wars]], it became part of the [[Gaullica]]'s recently-annexed territory of [[Imagua]], which it seized from [[Estmere]]. During that period, it was administered as part of the [[Saint Casimir's Islands]], alongside Imagua and the eponymous islands in present-day [[Vilcasuamanas]], with Porto Negro being renamed to be Port Noir.

It would remain under Gaullican control until 1771, when after the [[War of the Asterian Succession]], Estmere took over the island of Imagua, including Dunhelm Island, and incorporated the island into the parish of [[Saint Isidore's Parish|Saint Isidore's]], with the settlement being renamed to [[Guimarães|Henryton]].

During the late eighteenth and through the early nineteenth century, Dunhelm Island was a quiet part of the [[Colony of Imagua]], although due to its distance from the administrative centre of [[Nua Taois|New Taois]], there were demands in 1811 and again in 1838 for Dunhelm Island to become a [[Imagua and the Assimas#Administrative divisions|parish]] in its own right, although the request was rejected by the colonial governor both times, as Dunhelm Island did not possess a "significant population" to be able to sustain its duties as a parish within the colony.

===Etrurian rule===
[[File:Island_of_Nevis.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Depiction of [[Guimarães|Henryton]], {{circa|1876}}]]
As the [[Colony of Imagua]] transitioned to self-government, Dunhelm Island's population continued advocating for separation from [[Saint Isidore's Parish]], and the establishment of a separate parish just for the island. As well, with the industrialisation going on in [[Cuanstad]] and [[San Pietro, Imagua and the Assimas|San Pietro]], emigration became a significant issue, as many who were born on Dunhelm left for work in Cuanstad, as besides farming and fishing, there was not a significant economy on the island.

In 1862, the island once again requested parish status, citing distance from the parish seat of [[Nua Taois|New Taois]] as a reason, and citing that having a parish would help create jobs on the island. This was rejected by the colonial governor, due to its small population.

By 1871, the population of Dunhelm Island was only 2,597 people, with 721 inhabiting the village of [[Guimarães|Henryton]] (present-day [[Guimarães]]), and the rest either living in the countryside, or in smaller villages or hamlets. Emigration increased over the next thirty years, with the population falling to around 1,204 people by 1901, as economic opportunities on Dunhelm Island remained very limited.

During the early twentieth century, Dunhelm Island remained an agrarian economy, with a constable from the [[Royal Imaguan Constabulary]] reporting in 1907 that "the island is very quiet," and that he only had to respond to a single incident in the three years he was stationed, "when a youth stole a horse, and was made to return the horse to its owner." However, the constable noted that "as the economy was wholly dependent on hunting or fishing, more and more young people leave for New Taois or for Cuanstad."

However, in the next decade, the [[Great Collapse]] greatly affected the economy of Dunhelm Island, as there was no longer any demand for goods produced on the island. This led to an exodus of the population: while in 1911, the population had risen to 1,329 people, by 1921, it had fallen to 977 people, with most looking for jobs in Nua Taois and Cuanstad.

===Great War and Solarian War===
With the start of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], Dunhelm Island, like the rest of [[Imagua]], was swiftly occupied by [[Gaullica]], as the island was poorly defended: despite fierce resistance from the three constables and two militiamen, they were quickly forced to surrender. During Gaullican occupation, the seat of [[Guimarães|Henryton]] (present-day [[Guimarães]]) was once again renamed to Port Noir, and the other villages and hamlets were made to adopt {{wp|French language|Gaullican}} names. However, as they were otherwise occupied, Dunhelm Island was generally left alone.

After the liberation of Imagua in 1934, Dunhelm Island had their names reverted to their original {{wp|English language|Estmerish}} names. However, it was still a rural backwater: while the population rose to 1,257 people by 1941, of which 419 were living in Henryton. In 1942, Henryton was granted town status, on account of it being the main commercial centre on the island. 

Following the start of the [[Solarian War]], the colonial militia was once again raised, with ten soldiers tasked to defend Dunhelm Island from a potential attack from the [[Greater Solarian Republic]], which at the time controlled the [[Assimas Islands]]. However, as Imagua was extensively invested in the war, Dunhelm Island was seen as "unlikely be invaded" by foreign powers. The war was a quiet period for Dunhelm Island, with no attacks on the island by Etruria, although the economy was still primarily dependent on agriculture.

===Post-Solarian War and tensions===
[[File:Henryton52.jpg|150px|thumb|right|[[Guimarães|Henryton]] in 1952]]
After the end of the [[Solarian War]], the militia was disbanded, and life returned to relative normalcy. However, as [[Nua Taois]] started to grow in the aftermath of the Solarian War, younger people left the island for the mainland: thus, by 1951, the population of Dunhelm Island had modestly risen to 1,309 people, of which 1,045 were [[Bahio-Imaguan people|Bahio-Imaguans]], 258 were [[Eucleo-Imaguan people|Eucleo-Imaguan]], and the remainder were [[Coian-Imaguan people|Coian-Imaguans]]. 

During the early 1950s, the island did not see much tourism, due to its isolation from the rest of the country: although there was a connection to the mainland by the fledgling [[Imaguan Maritime Service]] to the town of [[Guimarães|Henryton]], there was no other way to get to and from the island, which hampered development of a tourism industry on the island. Despite the emigration of the younger population of the island to [[Imagua (island)|Imagua]], and despite the lack of economic opportunities, the town of Henryton flourished, much to the detriment of smaller communities across Dunhelm Island.

In 1955, [[Maracao]] launched an invasion of Dunhelm Island to "liberate the island from the [[Eucleo-Imaguan people|white-ruled]] regime." Due to its poor defences, as only five constables from the [[Royal Imaguan Constabulary]] were present on the island, Maracao swiftly overrun the island, and conquered it. Of the estimated 1,289 inhabitants residing on the island, only 430 chose to leave the island for [[Nua Taois]]. Thus, while Imagua lodged a formal diplomatic protest against Maracao, and cut relations with the Maracan government, it was unable to try and retake control of the island, as it had already disbanded the colonial militia at the end of the Solarian War.

===Contemporary era===
TBD

==Geography==
[[File:Nevispeak1.jpg|150px|thumb|left|[[Mount Couto]], 2006]]
Dunhelm Island, like the neighbouring [[Imagua (island)|island of Imagua]] and the [[Assimas Islands]], is of volcanic origin, with the highest peak being the 625 metre high [[King's Peak]], an {{wp|extinct volcano}} that last erupted 100,000 years ago. Two streams flow from the summit of Mount Couto to the coast. The only other mountain is the 207 metre high [[Lotwall Hill]] has one stream flow towards [[Formigosa]].

While the coast is relatively flat, the further inland one goes, the more rugged the terrain is, and the less arable the land becomes, until it becomes too rocky to farm. Historically, the island was covered in rainforest, but with colonisation and the establishment of {{wp|sugar plantations}} on the island, the ecosystem has been radically altered since its first settlement by humans.

===Climate===
The climate of Dunhelm Island is a {{wp|tropical savanna climate}}, due to its location near the {{wp|equator}}, with the yearly average highs on Dunhelm Island being 26.6 °C (79.9 °F), and the yearly average lows being 23.9 °C (75 °F). The wet season is generally from May to October, while the dry season typically lasts from November to April, although the months of April and November receive more rain than any other month in the dry season.

==Administration==
According to [[Imagua and the Assimas]], Dunhelm Island is part of [[Saint Isidore's County]], and is governed as '''Dunhelm Parish''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Parrocchia di Dunelm''). It is governed as a six-member council, elected every 4 years, and is headed by a '''Chairman''' ({{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}: ''Presidente''), elected from among the council.

Until 1988, Dunhelm Island was divided into two, with [[TBD]] covering the main town of the island, and Dunhelm Parish governing the remainder of the island, but after the ''[[Local Governance Act of 1987]]'' was passed by the [[Parliament of Imagua and the Assimas|Imaguan parliament]], TBD became part of Dunhelm Parish.

According to [[Bonaventure]], Dunhelm Island is part of [[State of San Giorgio (Bonaventure)|San Giorgio]]. (TBC)

==Demographics==
As of the 2021 Imaguan census, 11,330 people live on Dunhelm Island.

According to the census, 92% of the population of Dunhelm Island, or 10,424 people, are [[Bahio-Imaguan people|Bahio-Imaguans]], 5% of the population of Dunhelm Island, or 567 people are [[Eucleo-Imaguan people|Eucleo-Imaguan]], and the remaining 3% of the population, or 339 people belong to other ethnicities. However, it is generally recognized that most of the census-identified Bahio-Imaguans on Dunhelm Island are ''misto'', with around 60%-80% of the Bahio-Imaguan population on Dunhelm Island being ''misto'', with the remainder being solely of Bahian descent.

Linguistically, Dunhelm Island is predominantly Etrurophone, with 82% of the island's population, or 9,291 people speaking {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}} on a regular basis, while 18% of the island's population, or 2,032 people speaking {{wp|English language|Estmerish}} on a regular basis. Only seven people do not speak either language on a regular basis. The most commonly spoken language on Dunhelm Island is (TBD). This stands in marked contrast to the rest of [[Saint Isidore's County]], where Estmerish is the primary official language, leading to issues concerning government services by the county government, which usually only provides them in Estmerish.

Religiously, Dunhelm Island is predominantly [[Solarian Catholic Church|Solarian Catholic]], with 86% of the island's population, or 9,744 people being adherents to the Solarian Catholic Church. Of the remainder of the population, around 13% of the population follow [[Amendism|Amendist]] sects, split roughly evenly between the [[United Amended Church]] and {{wp|Gospelism}}, with 85 people following other religions. Only two people are registered by the census as irreligious.

[[Category:Geography of Imagua and the Assimas]][[Category:Bonaventure]]