View source for Makka Pakkan language

{{Infobox language
| name             = Makka Pakkan
| nativename       = ''Märkanpalkajënsik''
| pronunciation    = /mɑrkanpaːlkˈajɛnsiːk/
| states           = [[Makka Pakka]]
| speakers         = 94,000,000
| ethnicity        = [[Rakanen (ethnicity)|Rakanen]]
| date             = 2025
| ref              = 
| familycolor      = Okchon
| fam2             = Old Rakanen
| fam3             = Middle Rakanen
| fam4             = Southern Rakanen
| ancestor        = Szecënkabäratön Southern-Rakanen
| ancestor2        = Old Makka Pakkan
| ancestor3        = Middle Makka Pakkan
| script           = Latin script (Makka Pakkan alphabet)
| nation           = {{flag|Makka Pakka}}
| agency           = [[Jënsikalyorganąrzen val Märkanpalka]]
| iso1             = mp
| iso2t            = 
| iso2b            = 
| iso3             = mkp
| notice           = IPA
| map              =
| mapcaption       =
}}
'''Makka Pakkan''' (Makka Pakkan: ''Märkanpalkajënsik'' [mɑrkanpaːlkˈajɛnsiːk]) is an [[Rakanen languages|Rakanen language]] of the [[Okchon languages|Okchon family]]. Its closest relatives are the other Rakanens languages, becoming the most dominant of the language branch. Today, over 94,000,000 people speak Makka Pakkan with 95% living in Makka Pakka and 5% across [[Telrova]]. Makka Pakkans have migrated throughout Telrova and established communities, especially throughout [[Elisia]] and [[Laurentia]], which has spurred on numerous dialects and even creole languages, most notably [[Ḳeltekesëmärkaṇaparkajënsek]].

==History==
Makka Pakkan orignated from [[Szetënkabäratön]] and is considered to be a relatively new language, developing from a [[South Rakanen languages|South Rakanen]] dialect to a fully-fledged language in the 14th Century BCE. This late development compared to other South Rakanen languages which had developed into languages by the 20th-19th Century BCE - this is because of Szecënkabäratön's geogrpahic isolation as the region is formed around a forested vale which did hinder contact from others and political isolation as the Kingdom of Grättan and its rulers - the House of Lechenclüdzem - adopting a policy of isolation for almost 500 years, so, Makka Pakkan retained much of the South Rakanen phonology after several other neighbouring dialects were transformed or assimilated by other languages.

===Old Makka Pakkan===
By the time the House of Aturanclüdzem would replace the House of Lechenclüdzem following the death of Aleksander II val Lechenclüdzem in 1533 BCE, Early Old Makka Pakkan was a young language, having only existed for nearly 100 years and was still resemblant to South Rakanen and even after the lifting of the policy of isolation and improvement of trade-networks, Early Old Makka Pakkan was largely untouched and remained as a South Rakanen remnant and even after the kingdom started expanding, Old Makka Pakkan remained relatively the same until the 9th Century BCE when several linguistic changes occurred following the conquest of Grättan by the [[Ëlberenclüdzemęl Empire]]. Though a short-lived state - lasting only 54 years - the influence of North Rakanen languages created Late Old Makka Pakkan and still permeate today with the phonemes [d͡ɮ] and [d͡ʒ]. Late Old Makka Pakkan would then remain the same after the collapse of the Ëlberenclüdzemęl Empire despite the re-established Kingdom of Grättan began conquering their neighbours.

===Middle Makkka Pakkan===
Middle Makka Pakkan would begin to develop after the Kingdom of Grättan entered its golden age in the 2nd Century BCE, expanding its territory and trade connections which saw several influences on culture and language as the arts begn to expand with Makka Pakkan literature and architecture inspired by the story-telling of foreigners. However, by the turn of the 2nd Century, the [[Okchon Empire]] began conquering several Rakanen states and created a [[Rakanenatön Confederation|confederation of Okchonic client states]]. For the next 100 years, Okchonic culture seeped into mainly the North Rakanen states though it did affect the nearby South Rakanen states with a few cultural and linguistic changes.

===Modern Makka Pakkan===
The [[Makka Pakkan Renaissance]] marked the beginning of Modern Makka Pakkan as the fine ideas of culture: art, literature, architecture, became revitalised from foreign influences and the language changed with foreign words entering the vocabulary of societies of the Enlightenment and high society …

==Phonology==

===Consonants===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes of Standard Makka Pakkan
|-
! 
! colspan="2" | [[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! colspan="2" | [[Labiodental consonant|Labiodental]]
! colspan="2" | [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Postalveolar consonant|Post-alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Retroflex consanant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2" | [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[Labialvelar consonant|Labialvelar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! colspan="2" | [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|m}}
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|n}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|p}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|b}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|t}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|d}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | {{IPA link|ɖ}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|k}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|ɡ}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|q}} || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|p͡f}} || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|t͡s}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|d͡z}}
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[Lateral affricate consonant|Lateral affricate]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|d͡ɮ}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|f}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|v}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|s}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|z}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|ʃ}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|ʒ}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|ʂ}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|ʐ}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|x}} || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|h}} || style="border-left: 0" |{{IPA link|ɦ}}
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |&nbsp; || style="border-left: 0;" | {{IPA link|ʋ}}
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |&nbsp; || style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|l}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |&nbsp; || style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|ɭ}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |&nbsp; || style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|j}}
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|w}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[Trill consonant|Trill]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|r}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|ʀ}}
| colspan="2" |
|}

===Vowels===

'''Vowel phonemes of Standard Makka Pakkan'''

{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|+Oral
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2| [[Front vowel|Front]]
!colspan=1 rowspan=2| [[Central vowel|Central]]
!colspan=1 rowspan=2| [[Back vowel|Back]]
|- class=small
!colspan=1| [[Roundedness|unrounded]]
!colspan=1| [[Roundedness|rounded]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| {{IPAlink|i~iː}}
| {{IPAlink|y}}
|
| {{IPAlink|u~uː}}
|-
! [[Near-close vowel|Near-close]]
| {{IPAlink|ɪ}}
| {{IPAlink|ʏ}}
|
| {{IPAlink|ʊ}}
|-
! [[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| {{IPAlink|e~eː}}
|
|
| {{IPAlink|o~oː}}
|-
! [[Mid vowel|Mid]]
| colspan=2|
| {{IPAlink|ə}}
| 
|-
! [[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| {{IPAlink|ɛ}}
|
|
| {{IPAlink|ɔ}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
| colspan=2| 
| {{IPAlink|a}}
| {{IPAlink|ɑ}}
|}

{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|+Nasal
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2| [[Front vowel|Front]]
!colspan=1 rowspan=2| [[Back vowel|Back]]
|- class=small
!colspan=1| [[Roundedness|unrounded]]
!colspan=1| [[Roundedness|rounded]]
|-
! [[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| {{IPAlink|ɛ̃}}
|
| {{IPAlink|ɔ̃}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
| colspan=2|
| {{IPAlink|ɑ̃}}
|}

== Writing system ==
…