View source for Pacitalian archonal election, 2023

{{about|the recent archonal election in Pacitalia|this year's parliamentary elections|Pacitalian parliamentary elections, 2023}}

{{Infobox election
| election_name = Pacitalian archonal election, 2023
| country = Pacitalia 
| type = presidential
| vote_type = Popular
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = [[Pacitalian archonal election, 2017]]
| previous_year = 2017
| next_election = [[Pacitalian archonal election, 2029]]
| next_year = 2029
| election_date = 27th November 2023 (1st round)<br />{{nowrap|11th December 2023 (2nd round)}}
| needed_votes = simple majority
| registered = 365,757,066
| votes_counted = 100
| last_update = 12th December 2023
| time_zone = AOTC+0300
| turnout = 78.2% (first round)<br />77.7% (second round)<br /><small>''Votes can be cast in person or by postal or special ballot''</small>
| title = Archonate
| before_election = Vittoria Agradossa
| before_party = Pacitalian Social Democratic Congress
| posttitle = Archonate-elect
| after_election = Abeo Bamidele
| after_party = [[Christian Democratic Party|Christian Democrats]]

<!-- Abeo Bamidele -->
| image1            = Idris Elba 2014.jpg
| candidate1        = '''[[Abeo Bamidele]]'''
| party1            = [[Christian Democratic Party|PDC]]
| color1            = 222222
| popular_vote1     = 151,863,162
| percentage1       = 53.46%

<!-- Franco Russo -->
| image2            = Franco Russo 2023.png
| candidate2        = '''[[Franco Russo]]'''
| party2            = [[Pacitalian Social Democratic Congress|PSDC]]
| color2            = EE0000
| popular_vote2     = 132,229,091
| percentage2       = 46.54%
}}

An election was held in [[Pacitalia]] in 2023 to elect the [[Archonate of the Pacitalian Republic|Archonate]], or head of state. Voters selected party nominees in a series of closed primary elections on 21st August. Those nominees contested the first round of the election, on 27th November, held concurrently with [[Pacitalian parliamentary elections, 2023|parliamentary voting]].

No candidate won the required simple majority of votes in the first round, so the top two candidates – the [[Christian Democratic Party|Christian Democrats]]' [[Abeo Bamidele]], and the [[Pacitalian Social Democratic Congress]]' candidate, [[Franco Russo]] – moved to a {{wp|Runoff election|runoff}} on 11th December. Bamidele subsequently defeated Russo by seven points.

Bamidele will be sworn into office on 1st January 2024, succeeding incumbent Archonate [[Vittoria Agradossa]] of the [[Pacitalian Social Democratic Congress]].

== Background ==
Under Pacitalia's constitution, the ''[[Carta Proposera]]'', the Archonate serves as the head of state. Archonates serve a six-year term from 1st January of the year following their election. The role has a "one and done" {{wp|term limit}}, prohibiting consecutive or non-consecutive elections. If no candidate secures a majority of votes (50 percent plus one vote) during the first round of voting, a second round is held, usually two weeks later, between the top two candidates; all other candidates are eliminated.

The archonate appoints a prime minister to form and head a government to serve under their discretion. The archonate bases their decision on whom to ask to form a government based most often on the most recent election results. Alternately, the archonate will judge the appointment of a government upon whether or not that government possesses, or will possess, the confidence and supply of a constituent majority of representatives seated in the lower parliamentary chamber.

The archonate is also the supreme commander of the armed forces of the Republic. They serve as Grand Master (''maestro suppremo'') of both the [[Capostication]], the highest civilian honour in the Republic, and the ''[[Ordinale Merità Repubblicana]]'', the highest possible Pacitalian military decoration. Like in other countries, the archonate, as head of state, is the republic's primary official representative abroad — this differs from the Minister of International Relations, who is a member of the prime minister's cabinet, heads the Directorate of Foreign Affairs, and is responsible for overseeing Pacitalian diplomacy primarily on behalf of the government.

=== Compulsory voting ===
Though voting in Pacitalia is compulsory, and non-voters face fines, Pacitalian electoral law only requires voters to cast at least one vote of some kind to avoid a penalty. In other words, voters can attend a polling station and only need to cast at least a party list, electorate or senatorial vote in the parliamentary election, or vote for Archonate, while choosing not to vote in other contests. This causes different turnout figures when compared to the overall number of people registered and eligible to vote. 

== Primary elections ==
Pacitalian political parties held their primary elections on 21st August. The purpose of the primary elections was to nominate a candidate to contest the election; some parties, particularly smaller and/or regional parties, opted not to hold primary elections and instead planned to endorse an ideologically aligned candidate from other, larger parties. The [[eDemocrats]] were unique among parties for holding a "semi-open" primary, permitting non-party members to vote in their primary without having to join, provided they could prove they were not members of other parties.

=== Pacitalian Social Democratic Congress ===
The PSDC, which currently holds the archonacy and controls parliament, uses a simple plurality system with the candidate with the most votes being the winner. No runoff is required in the primary. The party selected former [[Republican Central Bank]] governor [[Franco Russo]] as their candidate for archonate; this is the second time he has carried the party banner in an archonal election, the first time being in 2016. Russo narrowly defeated former interior minister [[Sorinel Vulpes]].

{| class=wikitable style="width:60%; margin-left: 10px; font-size: 90%;"
|-
!colspan=3|Pacitalian Social Democratic Congress archonal primary, 2023
|-
! Candidate
! Votes
! Percentage
|-
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | '''[[Franco Russo]]'''
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | '''3,520,587'''
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | '''47.2%'''
|-
| [[Sorinel Vulpes]]
| 3,413,609
| 45.8%
|-
| Francesca Perronta
| 518,373
| 7.0%
|-
! colspan=3 style="background: #666666;" | 
|-
| colspan=1 | Total votes
| colspan=2 | 7,452,569
|-
|}

=== Federation of Progressive Democrats ===
The FPD uses an instant runoff method with ranked balloting; primary voters rank their choices and their votes are redistributed (or "spun") to other candidates if their first preference is eliminated before a candidate reaches a simple majority. The FPD nominated former [[Antigonia]]n regional president [[Maria Bosa Sanremo]] as their candidate.

{| class=wikitable style="width:60%; margin-left: 10px; font-size: 90%;"
|-
!colspan=7|Federation of Progressive Democrats archonal primary, 2023
|-
!Candidate
!colspan=2|First ballot
!colspan=2|Second ballot
!colspan=2|Third ballot
|-
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | '''Maria Bosa Sanremo'''
| 1,442,430
| 41.3%
| 1,534,423
| 44.0%
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | '''1,807,910'''
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | '''53.4%'''
|-
| [[Hassan Beryami-Ami]]
| 1,108,235
| 31.8%
| 1,120,501
| 32.1%
| style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 1,577,184
| style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 46.6%
|-
| [[Pino Bernardin]]
| 816,030
| 23.4%
| style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 834,429
| style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 23.9%
|-
| Simone Fernicola
| style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 122,657
| style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 3.5%
|-
! colspan=7 style="background: #666666;" | 
|-
| colspan=1 | Valid votes
| colspan=6 | 3,489,352
|-
|}

=== Christian Democrats ===
The Christian Democrats also use an instant-runoff system. However, in this primary, the party's membership selected preacher [[Abeo Bamidele]] on the first ballot, with a decisive majority of votes. He defeated Sambuca mayor Marco Merazzi and former prosecutor Mauro Divincenzo.

{| class=wikitable style="width:60%; margin-left: 10px; font-size: 90%;"
|-
!colspan=3|Christian Democratic Party archonal primary, 2023
|-
! Candidate
! Votes
! Percentage
|-
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | '''[[Abeo Bamidele]]'''
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | '''4,187,925'''
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | '''57.0%'''
|-
| [[Marco Merazzi]]
| 2,120,650
| 28.9%
|-
| Mauro Divincenzo
| 1,038,696
| 14.1%
|-
! colspan=3 style="background: #666666;" | 
|-
| colspan=1 | Total votes
| colspan=2 | 7,347,271
|-
|}

=== Pacitalian Green Party ===
The Greens use instant-runoff voting with a ranked ballot; however, to prevent excessive rounds of tabulation, the constitution has a "mercy" rule that  provides a path to win the nomination with as little as 45 percent of the vote, if four or fewer candidates ran or are remaining in the vote after others were eliminated, and if only one other candidate is within 20 percentage points of the leading candidate. These conditions were met this year, with former Pacitalian lawmaker [[Madonna Ferrache]] defeating Arcedan Beyoglu and former prime minister [[Gabrielo Brunate]] on the first ballot, despite not reaching 50 percent plus one vote.

{| class=wikitable style="width:60%; margin-left: 10px; font-size: 90%;"
|-
!colspan=3|Pacitalian Green Party archonal primary, 2023
|-
! Candidate
! Votes
! Percentage
|-
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | '''Madonna Ferrache'''
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | '''402,565'''
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | '''48.2%'''
|-
| Arcedan Beyoglu
| 320,418
| 38.4%
|-
| Gabrielo Brunate
| 112,550
| 13.5%
|-
! colspan=3 style="background: #666666;" | 
|-
| colspan=1 | Total votes
| colspan=2 | 835,533
|-
|}

=== Defence of the Republic ===
Defence of the Republic does not have a formal electoral system mentioned in its party constitution. In 2023, only two candidates ran – [[Yusuf Osman]], a member of the Pacitalian parliament, and businessman Angelo Retuzzi – resulting in a simple majority on the first and only ballot. Osman  defeated Retuzzi approximately 52 percent to 48, capturing the nomination.

{| class=wikitable style="width:60%; margin-left: 10px; font-size: 90%;"
|-
!colspan=3|Defence of the Republic archonal primary, 2023
|-
! Candidate
! Votes
! Percentage
|-
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | '''[[Yusuf Osman]]'''
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | '''433,301'''
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | '''51.8%'''
|-
| Angelo Retuzzi
| 402,754
| 48.2%
|-
! colspan=3 style="background: #666666;" | 
|-
| colspan=1 | Total votes
| colspan=2 | 836,055
|-
|}

=== eDemocrats ===
The eDemocrats' party constitution stipulates a "semi-open" primary, which permits non-members to vote in their primary as long as they are not members of another party at the time they vote. This is verified against an Elections Pacitalia database in order to prevent fraud, as elections law limits voters to participating in only one primary. All other active political parties use a closed primary (no non-member voting) as of 2023, providing a further guardrail against possible voter fraud.

Ironically, despite a semi-open primary, only the party's founder, [[Marco Arancella]], contested the primary, and was therefore acclaimed.

{| class=wikitable style="width:60%; margin-left: 10px; font-size: 90%;"
|-
!colspan=3|eDemocrats archonal primary, 2023
|-
! Candidate
! Votes
! Percentage
|-
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | '''[[Marco Arancella]]'''
| colspan=2 style="background:#BBFFBB;" | Unopposed
|-
! colspan=3 style="background: #666666;" | 
|-
|}

=== Other parties ===
Other parties did not run their own candidate and either plan to endorse another candidate, or will not endorse anyone.

{{bulleted list
| '''Endorsing [[Franco Russo]]''': [[Partit dels Socialistes d'Empordà]], [[Libertad Marquería Juntos]]
| '''Endorsing [[Madonna Ferrache]]''': [[Verts Empordans]], [[Movimento Ecologicare Pacitaliana]]
| '''Endorsing [[Maria Bosa Sanremo]]''': [[Lliga Empordán]]
| '''Endorsing a centre-right candidate TBD''': [[Podemos-Derecha Unida]]
| '''No endorsement''': [[Radical Anticapitalists]]
}}

== Major issues ==
== Opinion polling ==
: ''Main article: [[Opinion polling for the 2023 Pacitalian elections]]''

== First round ==
=== Results ===
{| class=wikitable style="width:60%; margin-left: 10px; font-size: 90%;"
|-
!colspan=5|2023 Pacitalian archonal election first round
|-
! colspan=2 | Party
! Candidate
! Votes
! Percentage
|-
| style="background:#222222; width:15px;" | 
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | [[Christian Democratic Party|PDC]]
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | '''Abeo Bamidele'''
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | 108,705,106
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | 38.03%
|-
| style="background:#EE0000; width:15px;" | 
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | [[Pacitalian Social Democratic Congress|PSDC]]
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | '''Franco Russo'''
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | 103,322,602
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | 36.14%
|-
| style="background:#B2A7D3; width:15px;" | 
| [[eDemocrats|eDem]]
| Marco Arancella
| 43,369,110
| 15.17%
|-
| style="background:#0198E1; width:15px;" | 
| [[Federation of Progressive Democrats|FPD]]
| Maria Bosa Sanremo
| 15,031,330
| 5.26%
|-
| style="background:#0000FF; width:15px;" | 
| [[Defence of the Republic|VdR]]
| Yusuf Osman
| 11,101,292
| 3.88%
|-
| style="background:#32B95F; width:15px;" | 
| [[Pacitalian Green Party|PVP]]
| Madonna Ferrache
| 4,328,057
| 1.51%
|-
! colspan=5 style="background: #666666;" | 
|-
| colspan=2 | Total votes
| colspan=3 | 285,857,497
|-
| colspan=2 | Turnout
| colspan=3 | 78.2%
|-
|}


== Second round ==
=== Results ===
{| class=wikitable style="width:60%; margin-left: 10px; font-size: 90%;"
|-
!colspan=5|2023 Pacitalian archonal election first round
|-
! colspan=2 | Party
! Candidate
! Votes
! Percentage
|-
| style="background:#222222; width:15px;" | 
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | [[Christian Democratic Party|PDC]]
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | '''Abeo Bamidele'''
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | 151,863,162
| style="background:#BBFFBB;" | 53.46%
|-
| style="background:#EE0000; width:15px;" | 
| [[Pacitalian Social Democratic Congress|PSDC]]
| Franco Russo
| 132,229,091
| 46.54%
|-
! colspan=5 style="background: #666666;" | 
|-
| colspan=2 | Total votes
| colspan=3 | 284,092,253
|-
| colspan=2 | Turnout
| colspan=3 | 77.7%
|-
|}
[[Category:Pacitalia]][[Category:Elections]]