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The '''Chiloni - Dati divide''' refers to the broad social divide in [[Belhavia]]n society and culture between the ''chiloni'' (secular) and ''dati'' (religious) that permeates much of Belhavian life. The divide emerged in the late 18th century as the ''{{wp|Haskalah}}'' movement emerged in reaction to the [[Arthurista]]n {{wp|Enlightenment|Illumination}} and challenged the [[Monarchy of Belhavia|royal]] and {{wp|Orthodox Judaism|religious}} dominance of Belhavian society, culture, and politics. In the late 19th century, the defeat of the liberal and secularist [[Revolutions of 1854|Revolution of 1854]] gave way to [[White Terror (Belhavia)|a new reactionary social consensus]] where secular and non-religious life was subsumed begrudgingly under a veneer of external religious and conservative majority norms. The [[Provisional Government of Belhavia|Fall of Galarian]] and the mid-20th century liberal political order was characterized by the renewed reappearance of a robust and self-confident secular sector of Belhavian sociocultural life. Subsequently, Belhavia has seen increasing polarization between the religious and secular spheres since the 1950s, a widening rift that has become a top social concern. 

==Overview==
===Secularity v. Religiosity===
{{main|Belhavian Jews}}

The secular Jewish world, known as ''{{wp|Hiloni|chiloni}}'' ("secular" or "mundane"), engages in {{wp|Jewish secularism|secular Jewish culture}} which believes by living in a {{wp|Jewish state}} (Belhavia) and among other ethnic Jews that they have fulfilled any obligations and do not need to be overly religious or devout. Even this, however, is tempered by ''chiloni'' [[Belhavian Jews]]' habit to speak {{wp|Modern Hebrew}}, celebrate traditional Jewish holidays as historical and nature festivals and marking life-cycle events such as births, marriages, and deaths in a secular manner. In particular, they militate against the Orthodox rabbinate's fierce insistence on maintaining the {{wp|Religious restrictions on the consumption of pork|ban on pork}} and mandatory closing of stores and commercial outlets on {{wp|Shabbat|Shabbos}}. If they affiliate with a denomination at all, most pick {{wp|Reform Judaism|Reform}} and {{wp|Conservative Judaism}}. 

In contrast, {{wp|Orthodox Judaism|religious Jews}} (''{{wp|dati}}''; literally "religious") live according to Jewish law and imbibe religious and spiritual significance to all aspects of life, including seemingly "mundane" things such as public administration, government, and culture. {{wp|Torah}}, {{wp|Talmud}}, {{wp|Yiddishkeit}}, and the {{wp|Rabbi|rabbonim}} are held to the center of Jewish public and private life, living according to what is believed to be G-d's expressed will in the {{wp|Tanach}} and through the {{wp|Gadol|gedolim}}. ''Dati'' believe that for {{wp|Messiah in Judaism|Moshiach}} to come and install G-d's salvation, that all Jews must be observant in Torahic and Talmudic law and custom, and thus are often at times in contempt of ''chilonim'' for failing to do their "part" as Jews by following Jewish law and custom. They are exclusively {{wp|Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox}} and {{wp|Conservadox Judaism}}, {{wp|Union for Traditional Judaism|with some "traditionalist" sympathizers in the Conservative movement}}. 

===History===
====Haskalah====
=====Before the 18th century=====

Throughout [[Pardes|world]] {{wp|History of the Jews|history for the Jewish people}}, there have been divisions between though who were religious and {{wp|Torah}}-observant and those who were not. However, until the development of the printing press in the mid-15th century, {{wp|non-religious Jews}} were largely unable to organize or institutionalize their deviance of Jewish religious communal norms. Cities such as [[Dakos]] in the {{wp|Early modern era|early modern}} [[Kingdom of Belhavia|Kingdom-era]] [[Belhavia]] became notorious for self-segregating groups of Jews who externally practiced religious rituals and norms but largely did not have faith or follow {{wp|Halakha|Jewish law}} in private. 

These "communities" and families were often punished by the [[Monarchy of Belhavia|royalist authorities]] on behalf of the rabbinic leadership.

=====Arthuristan Illumination=====

By the 1780s, {{wp|Age of Enlightenment|new ideological and philosophical thought from Arthurista emphasizing rationalism, logic, science, and anti-clericalism}} had found its way into [[Belhavia]] and among select urban elites in the north. Soon there after, it found itself at the heart of the [[Monarchy of Belhavia|Imperial Court]] among courtiers, thinkers, and scientific philosophers who advised [[Monarchy of Belhavia|the Emperor]]. The ''Haskalah'' movement at first promoted that [[Belhavian Jews|the Jews]] {{wp|assimilate}} into [[Lusankya]]n societies, encouraging among others the adoption of local vernaculars [[Taveria|locally]], shifting to secular studies rather than religious studies, and economic productivity. 

The conservative royal and rabbinical elite pushed back hard on these efforts, exiling many early ''Haskalah'' thinkers from their communities or [[Belhavian empire|the Empire proper]] itself for "heresy" and "apostasy". There was a broad {{wp|secularization}} among north, urban, wealthy, and mercantile elites, with the emergence of {{wp|atheism}} and {{wp|deism}} as alternative worldviews rather than that of traditional G-d-centered Judaism.

By 1800, Haskalahists were under attack by royalist authorities as well as popular riots in many rural religious communities. In the cities, ''chilonim'' had strength and fought back, launching their own protests and rebellions. This era was known as the "Bloody '90s" (1790s). The growing movement for constitutionalism in the court of [[Monarchy of Belhavia|the Emperor]] [[Eliezer III]] between 1800 and 1811, bolstered by the appointment of moderate Haskalahist advisers and courtiers in the inner circle of the young liberal reformist monarch saw a petering out of open violence and introduction of court and political intrigue as the battleground between the ''dati'' and ''chilonim''. 

Harsh laws against secular- and scientific-minded Jews were repealed or lightened, though criminal punishments on anticlericalism and anti-Torah writings were increased. 

In the 1810s, the battleground moved to the [[Imperial Senate (Belhavia)|Imperial Senate]], where First Party System-era liberal parties backed leniency on chiloni concerns while conservative parties supported the rabbinical elite and religious laws.

====Early constitutional order====

Subsequently, anticlericalism became a driving message among so-called "second-generation" Haskalahists in the 1820s - 1850s, leading to harsh crackdowns by the Emperor and Imperial authorities for heresy, a violation of the [[1812 Constitution]] which placed the Torah and Talmud at its center. 

As early as the [[1811 Constitutional Convention]] drafting the [[1812 Constitution|Imperial Constitution]], conservatives and religious traditionalists codified laws punishing deviance and enforcing traditional Jewish law.

The ''chilonim'' bolstered religious liberals in the [[Reformists (Belhavian faction)|Reformist faction]], and shifted after its transition in the [[1st Party System (Belhavia)|First Party System]] (1812 - 1836) to the [[Free Labor Party (Belhavia)|Free Labor]] and [[Provincial Rights' Party (Belhavia)|Provincial Rights']] parties, while the ''dati'' largely backed the [[Tories (Belhavian faction)|Tory faction]] and its later reorganization into the [[National Party (Belhavia)|National]] and [[Traditional Union Party (Belhavia)|Traditional Union]] parties. The mid-19th century breakup of this political order saw a reshuffling again, with ''chilonim'' going into the [[Liberal Party (Belhavia)|Liberal Party]] and the ''dati'' into the [[Federalist Party (Belhavia)|Federalist Party]].

====Revolution of 1854====
====White Terror====
====Age of Empire====
====Industrial age====
====Post-Galarian era====
====Contemporary era====

==Religion==
==Culture==
===Language===
===Education===
===Music===
{{main|Belhavia#Music}}

The chiloni-dati divide in Belhavian culture notoriously appears in the music industry. {{wp|Religious Jewish music}} dominates the ''dati'' sector, emphasizing conservative Torah values such as faith in G-d, following Jewish law, admiring great rabbis, raising families, and other traditional views. [[Pardes|Global]] secular music, much of it from [[Lusankya]] and [[Skandera]], overwhelmingly holds supreme among the ''chilonim'', and the music largely tracks to global goyish trends, tunes, and influences. Thus, secular music's emphasis on a culture of individual autonomy, youth life, school, sex, drugs, and other {{wp|adolescent}} concerns are the primary themes expressed. 

The incompatibility between the two sets of themes have been a big dividing line in the so-called "culture wars" between the ''chilonim'' and ''dati'', with the ''chilonim'' working to ease restrictions on music content or outright dethrone the [[Association of Music Quality and Values Control]] while the ''dati'', contemptuous of the anti-Torah values expressed by secular music, tightly seek to maintain and expand the AMQVC's power to censor and "purify" secular music's content and attitudes to [[Belhavian Jews|Belhavians' ears]]. 

Major ''chiloni'' Belhavian musicians include [[Marten Sternberg]] and [[Zander Van der Gjik]], while a leading ''dati'' musician is [[Eliezer Gerstman]].

==Society==
===Institutions===
===Politics===
===Socioeconomics===
==See also==

[[Category:Belhavia]]
[[Category:Culture]]
[[Category:Society by nationality]]
[[Category:Music in Belhavia]]
[[Category:Religion in Belhavia]]