View source for Samyr language

{{Infobox language
| name             = Samyr 
| altname          = 
| nativename       = Самӗрҫӗ, Самӗр тӗл
| pronunciation    = {{wp|International phonetic alphabet|[ˈsamɪ̈ɾɕ̬ɘ]}},<br>{{wp|International phonetic alphabet|[ˈsamɘɾ ˈt̬ɪ̈l]}}
| states           = [[Qazhshava]]
| region           = Southern [[Thuadia]]
| nation           = {{Flag|Qazhshava}}
| minority = {{Tree list}}
*{{flag|Riamo}}
**[[Nashe|City of Nashe]] {{Tree list/end}}
| ethnicity        = Samyr
| speakers         = 56,047,000
| date             = 2010
| ref              = 
| familycolor      = Altaic
| fam1             = 
| fam2             = 
| script           = {{wp|Cyrillic script|Cyrillic}}, {{wp|Latin script|Latin}}
| iso1             = sm
| iso2             = smr
| iso3             = smr
| glotto           = 
| glottorefname    = 
| notice           = IPA
}}

'''Samyr''' ({{wp|International phonetic alphabet|[ˈsɑːmɪəɹ, -ˈsæ]}}, Samyr: Самӗрҫӗ ''Samĕrśĕ'' {{wp|International phonetic alphabet|[ˈsamɪ̈ɾɕ̬ɘ]}}, Самӗр тӗл ''Samĕr tĕl'' {{wp|International phonetic alphabet|[ˈsamɘɾ ˈt̬ɪ̈l]}}) is a language spoken in southern [[Thuadia]]. It is the official language in [[Qazhshava]], and one of the official languages in the [[Sekidean Union]]. It is spoken by approximately 56 million native speakers in Qazhshava, as well as in [[Kentalis]], [[Krenya]] (sometimes reffered to as Kankadian), [[Zhousheng]] (as Tghok) and [[Riamo]] (in the Nashe region) and among the Samyr diaspora. It has four dialects groups: Northern, Central, Eastern and Western.

=Classification=
Samyr belongs to an isolate language family, which remains unclassified among others besides being part of the areal Paleo-Qazhshavan languages.

=Orthography=
Samyr is written mainly in the {{wp|Cyrillic script}}, and in {{wp|Latin scipt|Latin}} among diaspora and Samyrs in other countries. The Samyr alphabet was based upon the varying cyrillic alphabets used by the slavic people of Qazhshava, the modern version of it was created in 1961 by Tamir Tyulov, a Qazhshavan linguist, and adopdet a year later in 1962.

{| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse"
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | А а
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӑ ӑ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Б б}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | В в
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Г г}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Д д}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Е е
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӗ ӗ
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Ж ж}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|З з}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | И и
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Й й
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | К к
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Л л
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | М м
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Н н
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | О о
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | П п
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Р р
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | С с
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ҫ ҫ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Т т
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | У у
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ў ў
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Ф ф}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Х х
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Ц ц}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ч ч
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Ш ш}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ь ь
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ю ю
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Я я
|-
|}


The modern romanization of the Samyr alphabet was created in the 1970's and adopted in areas like Kankadia, [[Krenya]], and by the Tghoks in [[Zhousheng]].
{| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse"
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | А а
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ă ă
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|B b}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|C c}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ć ć
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|D d}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | E e
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ĕ ĕ
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|F f}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|G g}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | H h
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | I i
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|J j}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | K k
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | L l
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | M m
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | N n
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | O o
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | P p
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Q q}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | R r
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | S s
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ś ś
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | T t
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | U u
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ŭ ŭ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | V v
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|W w}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|X x}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Y y
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Z z}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | 
|-
|}


Detailed table of the Samyr alphabet with each letter's phoneme:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Order
!1 !!2 !!3 !!4 !!5 !!6 !!7 !!8 !!9 !!10
!11 !!12 !!13 !!14 !!15 !!16 !!17 !!18 !!19 !!20
!21 !!22 !!23 !!24 !!25 !!26 !!27 !!28 !!29 !!30
!31 !!32
|-
!{{wp|Cyrillic script|Cyrillic}} upper case
|А ||Ӑ ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |Б ||В ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |Г ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |Д ||Е ||Ӗ ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |Ж ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |З 
|И ||Й ||К ||Л ||М ||Н ||О ||П ||Р ||С 
|Ҫ ||Т ||У ||Ў ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |Ф ||Х ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |Ц ||Ч ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |Ш ||Ь
|Ю ||Я 
|-
!{{wp|Cyrillic script|Cyrillic}} lower case
|а ||ӑ ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |б ||в ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |г ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |д ||е ||ӗ ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |ж ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |з 
|и ||й ||к ||л ||м ||н ||о ||п ||р ||с 
|ҫ ||т ||у ||ў ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |ф ||х ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |ц ||ч ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |ш ||ь
|ю ||я
|-
!{{wp|Latin script|Latin}} upper case
|A ||Ă ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |B ||V ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |G ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |D ||E ||Ĕ ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |Ž ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |Z 
|I ||Y ||K ||L ||M ||N ||O ||P ||R ||S 
|Ś ||T ||U ||Ŭ, U ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |F ||H ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |C ||Ć ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |Š ||Y, I
|Yu ||Ya
|-
!{{wp|Latin script|Latin}} lower case
|a ||ă ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |b ||v ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |g ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |d ||e ||ĕ ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |ž ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |z 
|i ||y ||k ||l ||m ||n ||o ||p ||r ||s 
|ś ||t ||u ||ŭ, u ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |f ||h ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |c ||ć ||style="background:#E8E8E8" |š ||y, i
|yu ||ya
|-
!{{wp|International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA}} sound
! {{IPAlink|a}}
! {{IPA link|ɤ̈}}
! {{IPAlink|b}}
! {{IPAlink|ʋ}}
! {{IPAlink|ɡ}}
! {{IPAlink|d}}
! ʲ{{IPAlink|e}}
! {{IPA link|ɪ̈}}
! {{IPAlink|ʑ}}
! {{IPAlink|z}}
! {{IPAlink|i}}
! {{IPAlink|j}}
! {{IPAlink|k}}
! {{IPAlink|l}}
! {{IPAlink|m}}
! {{IPAlink|n}}
! {{IPAlink|o}}
! {{IPAlink|p}}
! {{IPAlink|ɾ}}
! {{IPAlink|s}}
! {{IPAlink|ɕ}}
! {{IPAlink|t}}
! {{IPAlink|u}}
! {{IPAlink|ʊ}}
! {{IPAlink|ʋ̥}}
! {{IPAlink|x}}
! {{IPAlink|ts}}
! {{IPAlink|t͡ɕ}}
! {{IPAlink|ɕ}}
! {{IPAlink|◌ʲ}}
! ju
! ja
|-
|}


In the Tghok and dialects use variants of the latin Samyr alphabet, and include extra letters, but may lack other, like in the case of Tghok, it lacks "short/weak" vowels due to the dialectal sound changed, and in some cases lack there of:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="2" | Standart Samyr
! colspan="2" | Pesteni Samyr
! colspan="2" | Tghok Samyr
|-
! letter
! {{wp|International phonetic alphabet|IPA}}
! letter
! {{wp|International phonetic alphabet|IPA}}
! letter
! {{wp|International phonetic alphabet|IPA}}
|-
| Ś ś<br><small>Ҫ ҫ</small>
! {{IPA link|ɕ}}
| Š š<br><small>Ш ш</small>
! {{IPA link|ʃ}}
| H́ h́
! {{IPA link|ç}}
|-
| Ć ć<br><small>Ч ч</small>
! {{IPA link|t͡ɕ}}
| Č č<br><small>Ч ч</small>
! {{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}
| C c
! {{IPA link|t͡s}}
|-
| Ă ă
! {{IPA link|ɤ̈}}
| rowspan="2" | Ă ă
! rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|ɐ}}
| rowspan="3" | Ə ə
! rowspan="3" | {{IPA link|ə}}
|-
| Ŭ ŭ<br><small>Ў ў</small>
! {{IPA link|ʊ}}
|-
| Ĕ	ĕ
! {{IPA link|ɪ̈}}
| Ĕ	ĕ
! {{IPA link|æ}}
|-
| Y y<br>Й й
! {{IPA link|j}}
| J j
! {{IPA link|j}}
| J j
! {{IPA link|ʝ}}
|-
|}
In the Tghok dialect letters for voiced sounds are also used, as they are phonemic.

=Phonology=
===Vowels===
Samyr has eight vowels.

According to Λubomєr Џretyȝa, a Bogmian linguist, the Samyr vowel system includes five normal vowels and 4 short counterparts to them, except /i/. And according to the Qazhshavan linguist Tamir Tyulov, it instead has three centralized vowels, which in some dialects get merged, modern linguists agree with Tylov's system when speaking about the langauge broadly, due to the varying quality of the vowels in the diferent dialects.
<div style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 1em;">
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Λubomєr Џretyȝa<br>(1947)
!
! align="center" | {{wp|Front vowel|Front}}
! align="center" | {{wp|Back vowel|back}}
|- align="center"
! {{wp|Close vowel|Close}}
| {{IPA link|i}} 
| {{IPA link|u}}, ŭ
|- align="center"
! {{wp|Mid vowel|Mid}}
| ʲ{{IPA link|ɛ}}{{ref label|one|1}}, ĕ
| {{IPA link|ɔ}} 
|- align="center"
! {{wp|Open vowel|Open}}
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|a}}, ă
|}
</div>
<div style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 1em;">
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Tamir Tyulov<br>(1961)
!
! align="center" | {{wp|Front vowel|Front}}
! align="center" | {{wp|Central vowel|Central}}
! align="center" | {{wp|Back vowel|back}}
|- align="center"
! {{wp|Close vowel|Close}}
| {{IPA link|i}} 
| {{IPA link|ɪ̈}}, {{IPA link|ʊ}}
| {{IPA link|u}} 
|- align="center"
! {{wp|Mid vowel|Mid}}
| ʲ{{IPA link|e}}{{ref label|one|1}}
| {{IPA link|ɤ̈}} 
| {{IPA link|o}} 
|- align="center"
! {{wp|Open vowel|Open}}
| 
| {{IPA link|a}} 
| 
|}
</div>
{{note|one|1}} palatalized when it's the first sound of a word, or it comes after a vowel or consonants with palatal equivalents.


In modern Samyr there are two types of vowel harmony, following if the previous vowel of the word is a front, back or round vowel.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" | Vowels
! colspan="2" | Harmony
|-
! type 1
! type 2
|-
! Front
| {{IPA link|i}}, ʲ{{IPA link|e}}, {{IPA link|ɪ̈}}
| {{IPA link|ɪ̈}}
| {{IPA link|i}}
|-
! Back
| {{IPA link|a}}, {{IPA link|ɤ̈}}, 
| {{IPA link|ɤ̈}}
| {{IPA link|a}}
|-
! Round
| {{IPA link|o}}, {{IPA link|u}}, {{IPA link|ʊ}}
| {{IPA link|ʊ}}
| {{IPA link|u}}
|-
|}
A - denotes type1 vowel harmony<br>
А<sup>2</sup> - denotes type 2 vowel harmony, which is used in some affixes like the clitic genitive pronouns (possessives) and others.

===Consonants===
Samyr dosen't distinguish between voice in consonants, where voiced appear allophonically. The {{wp|Plosive|plosives}}, {{wp|Affricate|affricates}} and {{wp|Fricative|fricatives}} are voiceless and {{wp|Fortis and lenis|fortis}} but become {{wp|Fortis and lenis|lenis}} (sounding similar to voiced) in intervocalic position and after approximants, rhotics and semi-vowels, however, palatal (geminite) consonants do not undergo this lenition. Furthermore, the voiced consonants occurring in foreign loanwords stay lenis.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="2" | 
! {{wp|labial consonant|Labial}}
! {{wp|alveolar consonant|Alveolar}}
! colspan="2" | {{wp|palatal consonant|Palatal}}
! {{wp|velar consonant|Velar}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | {{wp|Plosive}}/<br>{{wp|Affricate}}
! {{small|plain}}
| {{IPA link|p}} 
| {{IPA link|t}} 
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|t͡ɕ}}
| {{IPA link|k}} 
|-
! {{small|palatal}}
| {{IPA link|pʲ}} 
| {{IPA link|tʲ}} 
| {{IPA link|kʲ}} 
|-
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Fricative}}
| 
| {{IPA link|s}} 
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ɕ}}
| {{IPA link|x}} 
|-
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Nasal}}
| {{IPA link|m}} 
| {{IPA link|n}} 
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|nʲ}} 
| 
|-
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Approximant}}
| {{IPA link|ʋ}}
| {{IPAlink|l}}
| {{IPA link|lʲ}} ||{{IPA link|j}} 
| 
|-
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Liquid consonant|Rhotic}}
| 
| {{IPAlink|ɾ}}
| colspan="2" | 
| 
|-
|}

=Grammar=
=Language Examples=
{{wp|Lord's Prayer|Lord's prayer}}:
(Pesteni Samyr is not represented due to there being very few diferences besides spelling compared to the standard language)
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" | English
! rowspan="13" | 
! colspan="2" | Standard Samyr
! rowspan="13" | 
! rowspan="2" | Tghok Samyr
|-
! Cyrillic
! Latin
|-
| Our Father in heaven, 
| Атама тӗнретӗ,
| Atama tĕnretĕ, 
| Adama tənredə,
|-
| hallowed be your name. 
| сӗвеххӗ нӗрӗйин.
| sĕvehhĕ nĕrĕyin. 
| zvéhə nərəjin.
|-
| Your kingdom come. 
| Килӗх ханарҫӑнaн.
| Kilĕh hanarśănan. 
| Kilə́ carh́anan.
|-
| Your will be done, 
| Такилин тӗх,
| Takilin tĕh, 
| Voĺajan tə́,
|-
| on earth as it is in heaven. 
| кӑй тӗнретӗ, тӗй туртў.
| kăi tĕnretĕ, tĕi turtŭ. 
| kəi tənredə, təi turdə.
|-
| Give us today our daily bread 
| Пӑкўн перимин кўнў пӗнейимӗ
| Păkŭn perimin kŭnŭ pĕnyeyimĕ. 
| Pəgən perimin kənə hĺabamə.
|-
| and forgive us our debts, 
| я хокейим кетейимӗ,
| ya hokyeyim kyetyeyimĕ, 
| ja əǵejim dlugumə,
|-
| as we forgive our debtors. 
| кӑй хокеме кетеримӗ.
| kăi hokyeme kyetyerimĕ, 
| kəi əǵeme dluǵərimə,
|-
| And do not bring us into temptation, 
| Я килитрӗймӗм искусўчўть,
| Ya kilitrĕhmĕm iskusŭćŭty, 
| Ja kilitrə́məm iskusəcət́,
|-
| but rescue us from the evil one. 
| а херӗймӗм которўр.
| a herĕhmĕm kotorŭr. 
| a herə́məm kodorər.
|-
| Amen. 
| Амин.
| Amin. 
| Amin.
|-
|}