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The current official military doctrine of Akai - '''the Taijian-Woerjin Doctrine''' was formulated by Grandmaster Tian Taijian and Colonel-Marshal Qiaozhi Woerjin in their joint text, the Upcoming Wars which was further amended by Censor-Marshal Molxue Woerjin and Ditu Jieke. It incorporated a wide variety of historical concepts from various military strategists from Cornellian history such as Sun Tzu, Prince Leo the Sword, Prince Tiao-Li the Golden to name a few as well as a wealth of experience gained from the Lazinatoese Revolt, Unification Wars (1894-1923) and the more recent rebellions under Ditu Long. However, it was the very much paradigm shifting Tempesta War and the OND’s experiences during that which cemented their mentality for years to come. Their failure in the Tempesta War quickly allowed the expulsion of many old and outdated theories which were held in high esteem by what was increasingly clear to be an out of touch and antiquated old guard. Taijian and Woerjin emphasised respectively. They pointed out the success of commanders who were given excellent operational flexibility. They pointed out the success of Lightweight logistics over the long bureaucratic chains that came to dominate in the late periods which reduced operational efficacy. Then furthermore they suggested the potential of exploiting unconventional asymmetry in combat so that Akai military forces could converse their strength, in an almost guerrilla-like manner. However, they also noted not to ignore the power and strength of numbers as wells as morale and therefore suggest that the position of the Ditu in Akai society could be used to create a deeply loyal armed forces as a whole - something which was naturally witnessed during the unification wars and the Kengese Revolt. In latter years Censor-Marshal Woerjin and Ditu Jieke added their own theoretical additions with their Warfare beyond bounds which served as a way of implementing a form of modern total war that made us of a wide variety of methods not conventionally considered tools of war and incorporating the idea of perpetual civilisational conflict.

Modern Akai has begun to incorporate these ideas, with its main elements being is focuses on is the Unrestricted Warfare doctrine, the Ditu’s War, the modernization of conventional forces for war and the continued strengthening of strategic forces for further deterrence. The Akai are constantly striving to maintain a balance between their desire for a new sleeker force and the maintenance of the current conscript forces. 

==Ditu’s War==
Ditu’s war is a doctrine for the defence of Akai against various types of war ranging from a surprise long-range nuclear attack with a massive ground invasion to a conventional ground attack with limited goals and targets. It works in synthesis with the unrestricted warfare doctrine, being premised on the participation of the whole population and the mobilisation of every resource to defeat any invader. The doctrine of Ditu’s war meant to ensure for both the Akai people and also any invaders that should there ever be a war there will be no surrender, no no collaboration and even if the main conventional forces of Akai are defeated, wide-spread and unremitting resistance will continue until the invader withdraws.  In ideal conditions, the OND would desire to either ensure that such an eventually would not arise with the fortress-like nature of Akai’s defences being designed to preemptively defeat any invading force before it hits the mainland. However should it be somehow able to penetrate, the main forces would focus on a controlled and calculated strategic withdrawal supported by intensive guerilla operations until invading forces are overextended and dispersed. Once this happens, the Akai forces would strike back and annihilate the enemy. This is also considered to be possible at sea and further can be attempted through naval interceptions and decentralised weapons systems employed by Akai across their waters and beyond.

Ditu’s War is as much a political doctrine aimed at the Akai as much as it is at Akai’s numerable enemies. The goal is to avoid too deeply embarrassing memory of how the Akai opportunistically sided between the Lazinatoese, Gentry backed Baermali among other factions while ensuring that others cooperate fully with the armed forces. The further indoctrination and training of the population in limited martial arts is something that has achieved this end with the Ditu’s particular being revered as a God among the Akai. In part, the idea of Ditu’s war was to make any invasion of Akai to be a very expensive proposition with a satisfactory outcome being highly likely. When seen this way, it becomes clear that Ditu’s war, in reality, is a subset of Akai’s conventional war policy. 

The original founders of the Orders of National Defense always intended it to be a large but modern force however instead of bankrupting the country decided to limit the total resources available and divided it out between units with entirely professional units being the best funded.  

==Warfare beyond bounds== 
Warfare beyond bounds is a book on military strategy written in 1999 by Ditu Jieke under the pseudonym Doctor Sheng-Ji Yang and Censor Marshal Molxue Woerjin. Its primary concern is how a nation such as Akai can defeat a technologically superior opponent (such as Adiron) through a variety of means. Rather than focusing on direct military confrontation, this book instead examines a variety of other means. One approach is exploiting international law Such means include using International Law or Lawfare and a variety of economic means to place one's opponent in a bad position and circumvent the need for direct military action. Reducing one's opponent, the book notes, can be accomplished in a number of ways other than direct military confrontation. The book notes that these alternative methods "have the same and even greater destructive force than military warfare, and they have already produced serious threats different from the past and in many directions for...national security."

Lawfare, or political action through transnational or non-governmental organisations can effect a policy change that would be impossible otherwise. Because of the international nature of the modern world and activism, it is much easier for nation-states to affect policy in other nation-states through a proxy. 

Economic warfare is another option. Owing to the interconnected nature of global economies, nations can inflict grievous harm on the economies of other nations without taking any offensive action.

One of the better-known alternatives in this book is the idea of attacking networks. Networks are increasingly important in not only data exchange but also transportation, financial institutions, and communication. Attacks that disable networks can easily hamstring large areas of life that are dependent on them for coordination. One example of network warfare would be shutting down a network that supplies power. If there is a significant failure in the power grid caused by the attack, massive power outages could result, crippling industry, defence, medicine, and all other areas of life.

Another famous instance of Warfare beyond bounds policy is terrorism. Terrorism is used by a group to gain satisfaction for certain demands. Even if these demands are not satisfied, a terrorist attack can have vastly disproportionate effects on national welfare. One only has to look at the economic crisis that followed the terrorist attacks against superpowers, or the extensive security measures put in place after those same attacks. Terrorism erodes a nation's sense of security and well-being, even if the direct effects of the attacks only concern a minute percentage of the population.

==Response to enemies==
Since the 1970s, Akai has prepared its armed forces to a variety of threats. The Orders of the Earth was primarily designed around being able to operate in Akai while its sister force the Oceanic Expeditionary Forces remained under the command of the Orders of the Seas. Missiles are scattered around Akai to strike any ships or aircraft that dared to try and attack it, as well as in more modern times a Nenda missile systems being placed on Akai civilian ships, kept well hidden and well masked as well as decoys being mounted on fishing boats. This is of course compounded by a powerful navy which increasingly seeks the ability to project power and to be able to defeat foreign naval forces. The Order of the Seas is intriguing for its cynicism with regards to carrier technology, instead favouring a large submarine fleet instead which is plans to use to use to tactfully defeat larger opponents while minimising losses. Despite this the OND still maintains a carrier fleet, headed by HPS Destitute Perfection.

==Development of Strategic forces== 
By the late 1950s, Xuanjing and Xungong decided to embark on a nuclear program to develop atomic weaponry and credible delivery systems which could be used for offensive and defensive purposes. It is believed that Akai’s development of nuclear weapons was originally spurred on by Dihei Youxian and latter by her son Ditu Jieke to ensure internal stability in what was a heavily armed environment which could easily devolve into civil war. It is speculated that they thought nuclear weapons could be used to inspire loyalty by pointing out how easily it would be to annihilate them, something Jieke proved in 1984 with the nuking of Taijian’s fortifications. 

==General Purpose Forces==
While there is no confirmed doctrine on nuclear warfare, the Akai are keenly aware that the arrival of nuclear weapons has created a variety of new factors and features in warfare which should be considered, and they appear to have both the necessary training and knowledge to lessen the effects of nuclear weapons being employed against them. Akai nuclear weapons have the joint purpose of being used as a potentially offensive weapon in order to deter invasive forces as well as also to suppress internal dissent within Akai. Their approach is very dangerous and it seems they have a willingness to demonstrate it as seen with 1984 in which Jieke used a relative mildly attack the Guizi rebels which annihilated their central command and forced the aristocracy into disorganisation without their military chiefs.

==Antichemical-biological-radiological operations==   
The Akai think that the most effective protection against chemical, biological and nuclear weapons is the swift annihilation of any enemy’s stockpile of such weapons. Furthermore, efforts would be mounted which would construct airtight protective fortifications which have fertilisation systems, further allowing Akai to endure even in their use. Troops and animals would be inoculated against epidemics and troops are provided with protective equipment. Observation and reporting units would be established to give the forces notification of a possible CBN attack. After such attacks have finished, adequate measures would be taken to decontaminate the area and to treat the injured. 

==General strategic and tactical principles== 
Contained and heavily emphasised in Tian Taijian’s writings are a collection of strategic and tactical principles, many having considerable emphasis on politics. These principles, although not as adhered to as rigidly as they used to be, are generally used as guidelines for commanders to follow. 
*The aim of the war. War aims to destroy the effective strength of the enemy rather than to hold areas and cities. 
*Security. Conservation strength of one’s own forces is essential to any military operation. 
*Mobility. Withdraw before the enemy’s advance, pursue the enemy's withdrawal, disperse or concentrate one’s own forces swiftly on a wide and flexible battlefield. 
*Local superiority. Concentrate overwhelming strength against the enemy’s weaker points; accept decisive engagements only with two to six times the enemy’s strength.
*Offensive action. Attack is the primary method of destroying the enemy; surround the enemy and attack from at least two directions. 
*Singleness of direction. Strategically, there must only be one main direction at a time, and tactically one single objective. 
*Flexibility. Tactics must be ingenious and flexible, suited to the time, the place and the situation. 
*Suprise. One’s own forces must be assembled in secret and must attack at the time and place which the enemy least expects.
*Initiative. Always seize the initiative, preserve one’s freedom of action, and force the enemy to retreat.
*Unity of command. Unified command is essential to success, particular in the coordination of asymmetric and symmetric forces.
*Preparation.   Combat requires meticulous preparation to avoid entry into battle without assurance of success. 
*Confidence. Victory is determined by the confidence of commanders and troops in the inevitable triumph of their cause. 

In addition to these principles, the Akai place great emphasis on the preservation of morale. Apart from the normal worries and concerns for the morale common to all armed forces, political commissars or as they are known more euphemistically - Imperial Envoys are integrated at all levels down to and including companies. They are responsible for morale, motivation and the assurance of loyalty to the Ditu’s cause. 

It has already been stated that Akai strategy is concerned with the defence of the mainland and its waters against various levels of warfare. It is especially concerned with the maintenance of its access to the Tempesta especially due to it being the lifeline of Akai’s industry and prosperity.  This strategy is based upon these concerns and their own goals. On the ground, the Akai would use successive defensive belts until the enemy is tactically and logistically overextended. By this method of trading space for time, the Akai would desire to concentrate their forces and destroy the enemy. Contrast with their naval strategy which would force any enemy to spread out its forces with asymmetric strikes from combined submarine, ship and air assets which would wear down the enemy fleet by attrition. However, it is expected that exceptions to this would emerge if the Akai were faced with losing key geopolitical areas where instead more a conventional defence is mounted.  

Akai doctrine is inherently offensive, with it believing that attack is ultimately the only way to secure victory. Defence is merely a way of weakening a superior enemy to the point where you can destroy them. And furthermore, passive defence is a doctrinal anathema with it instead believe that active defence is the most effective way to avoid defeat and disaster.
==Juàngiaì ga cthhàngòia==
The ('''Decisive Battle Doctrine'''|[[Palace Akai:Gongan]]: 艦隊的戰鬥| [[Rustic Akai|Wannengxu]]: Juàngiaì ga cthhàngòia; "naval fleet decisive battle") was a [[naval strategy]] adopted by the [[Order of the Seas]] following the [[Unification Wars]]. It called on the use of a strong [[battleship]] and later carrier force, which would at a single stroke destroy an invading fleet as it approached after suffering losses through attrition as it penetrated Akai perimeter defenses.

The decisive victory of the Akai fleet over the [[Imperial Baermali Navy]] at the [[Battle of xxx]] in the Unification War had validated the doctrine in the eyes of the [[Imperial Akai Navy General Staff]], and future naval procurement and deployment was centered on refinements of the "decisive victory", or 'Juàngiaì ga cthhàngòia''' doctrine.

Opposition to this doctrine grew in the 1930s, as advocates of the new [[submarine warfare|submarine]] and [[naval aviation]] technologies foresaw that the concept of the [[line of battle]] between opposing battleships fleets had been rendered obsolete. So Akai incorporated them to serve the role of wearing down its opposition with more and more asymmetric tactics and strategy until the Akai fleets can defeat them
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[[Category:Cornellia]]
[[Category:Akai]]