Phonology
Consonants
|
|
Labial
|
Dental/
Alveolar
|
Post-
alveolar
|
Retroflex
|
Palatal
|
Velar
|
| Nasal
|
m
|
n
|
|
|
ɲ
|
ŋ
|
| Plosive
|
p
|
t
|
d
|
|
|
c
|
k
|
| Affricate
|
|
t͡s
|
t͡ʃʲ
|
|
|
|
| Fricative
|
ɸ
|
s̠
|
ʃ
|
ʂ
|
|
|
| Tap
|
|
ɾ
|
|
|
|
|
| Lateral
|
glide
|
|
l
|
|
|
ʎ
|
|
| fricative
|
|
ɬ
|
|
|
|
|
| Approximant
|
w
|
|
|
|
j
|
|
Vowels
|
|
Front
|
Central
|
Back
|
| Close
|
i |
ɨ ~ ə |
u
|
| Mid
|
e |
o
|
| Open
|
|
a |
|
Orthography
The following tables present the LANGUAGENAME letters in standardized alphabetical order, the sounds they correspond to in International Phonetic Alphabet, and how these can be approximated by an English speaker. As a post-contact alphabet, LANGUAGENAME is written as a heavily diacritical Latin script with a conservative selection of consonantal bases.
Consonants
| Letter
|
Value
(IPA)
|
English approximation
|
| Cc |
/k/ |
|
| Dd |
/d/ |
|
| Ff |
/ɸ/ |
|
| Ɥɥ |
/c/ |
|
| Jj |
/j/ |
|
| Ll |
/l/ |
|
| L̃l̃ |
/ʎ/ |
|
| Mm |
/m/ |
|
| Nn |
/n/ |
|
| Ññ |
/ɲ/ |
|
| nG ng |
/ŋ/ |
|
| Pp |
/p/ |
|
| Tt |
/t/ |
|
| T̃t̃ |
/t͡ʃʲ/ |
|
| Ṫṫ |
/t͡s/ |
|
| Xx |
/ʃ/ |
|
| X̃x̃ |
/ɬ/ |
|
| Ẋẋ |
/ʂ/ |
|
| X̣x̣ |
/s̠/ |
|
| Ãã |
/w/ |
|
| ' |
/ɾ/ |
|
Vowels
| Letter
|
Value
(IPA)
|
English approximation
|
| Aa |
/a/ |
|
| Ee |
/e/ |
|
| Ii |
/i/ |
|
| Ĩĩ |
/ɨ/ ~ /ə/ |
|
| Oo |
/o/ |
|
| Uu |
/u/ |
|