Lüqiu Xiaotong

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His Excellency Lüqiu Xiaotong
陆秋晓彤
Lüqiu Xiaotong in 1970
14th President of China
In office 25 January 1982 – 23 February 1987
Premier	Zhu Min (1982–83) Li Hwei-ru (1983-86) Luísa Wong (1986-88)
Vice President	Yang Lei Cao Fen
Preceded by	Tatiana Antonova
Succeeded by	Cao Fen
27th Premier of China
In office 21 January 1968 – 11 April 1970
President	Yuni Tian
Preceded by	Zhao Lei
Succeeded by	Su Wuying
Leader of the Patriotic Labour Party
In office 4 March 1965 – 15 December 1970
Deputy	Sima Jia
Preceded by	Position Established
Succeeded by	Hu Yaobang
Minister of Economic Affairs
In office 9 February 1962 – 27 November 1964
Premier	Sima Jia
Preceded by	Deng Xiaoping
Succeeded by	Na Mu
Chairman of the Western China Development Authority
In office 10 March 1960 – 9 February 1962
Premier	Sima Jia
Preceded by	Yu Qiuli
Succeeded by	Ma Hong
Member of the Legislative Yuan
In office 9 February 1962 – 23 February 1987
Preceded by	Constituency established
Succeeded by	Lüqiu Tianqiao
Constituency	Yangpu (1968-87)
In office 4 February 1956 – 19 March 1960
Personal details
Born	26 March 1924 Shanghai China
Died	23 February 1987 (aged 62) Lagos Nigeria
Cause of death	Malaria infection
Political party	Patriotic Labour Party (1965-1987)
Other political affiliations	Solidarity (1956-1965) Minmeng (Before 1956)
Spouse	Xia Jie
Children	13, including Zhenglong and Tianqiao
Parents	Lüqiu Xuejing (father) Zhen Qigang (mother)
Education	Zhejiang University (BA) London School of Economics (MA)
Profession	Economist
Religion	Chinese folk religion Three teachings
Military service
Allegiance	Republic of China
Branch/service	National Revolutionary Army
Years of service	1947-1948
Rank	Sergeant
Battles/wars	World War II
Awards	Order of Victory

Lüqiu Xiaotong (26 March 1924 - 23 February 1987) was a Chinese politician, economist, and political philosopher who served as Premier of China from 1968 to 1970 and President of China from 1982 to his death in 1987. Ideologically a Principled Template:Communism and Template:Cultural nationalism, Lüqiu promoted his philosophy of traditional socialism as a democratic socialist alternative to the Marxism-Leninism of the French Commune and the liberal capitalism of the United States.

Lüqiu Xiaotong was born in Shanghai in 1924 to a middle-class, politically active family supportive of the liberal Minmeng in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Lüqiu attended Zhejiang University as a student of political economy from 1942 to 1946, becaming a Marxist. After graduating from Zhejiang, Lüqiu enlisted in the National Revolutionary Army, serving as a Sergeant during the late stages of World War II. After the War ended, Lüqiu - traumatized thanks to his wartime experiences, although those he knew venerated him as a war hero - temporarily served as a Buddhist monk, a practice relatively common in Southeast Asia but less so in China. Lüqiu then studied international relations at the London School of Economics from 1949 to 1952, coming under Harold Laski's influence.

After graduating from the LSE, Lüqiu briefly served as an international liaison for the Chinese Solidarity and Labour Federation, a democratic socialist union federation and the largest trade union federation in China in the early 1950s which spearheaded the merger of the Minmeng's socialist faction and the Communist Party of China into the Workers' Party in 1953, swiftly banned under the Political Organizations Act. He subsequently became a professor development economics at Tsinghua University in 1953, promoting government-directed industrialisation and the ideas of Michal Kalecki, , particularly in relation to the importance of agrarian reform in economic development and the importance of the reserve army of labour.

Lüqiu was then nominated and successfully elected to the Legislative Yuan in 1956 as a member of the far-left Solidarity Party, formed by After independent, Workers' Party-aligned union activists. His academic and political background eventually caused the ruling Government to appoint him Chairman of the Western China Development Authority in 1960. Lüqiu performed admirably as Chair of the WCDA, helping spread spreading the prosperity of the early 1960s to the impoverished West, leading to his appointment as Minister of Economic Affairs in 1962. Then, Lüqiu's 1964 Martyrs' Blood speech, praising the Plural Left Coalition's economic policies and denouncing the KMT's campaigning tactics, catapulted him to national political prominence. Though the Plural Left Coalition failed to win reelection in 1964, the Spech helped elect Lüqiu Xiaotong Leader of the Patriotic Labour Party, a merger of the largest parties in the Plural Left Coalition, in 1965. As PLP Leader, his major electoral strategy - appealing to rural, historically KMT voters - mirrored his support for a social conservative-socialist alliance, which led him to author From Zongzu to Minsheng: On Tradition and Socialism, beginning the traditional socialist movement.

After the Patriotic Labour Party made gains during the 1968 parliamentary elections during an economic recession, Lüqiu Xiaotong became Premier at the helm ofa coalition government between the PLP, the Islamic socialist and regionalist Fidesian Workers' Coalition, and the centrist Progressive Party. During Lüqiu's Premiership, the government endeavored to establish a social-democratic welfare state, successfully establishing universal childcare and two free school meals daily through the Families First Program and old-age pensions through the State Pension Fund, though the Pension Fund only came into effect in 1980. Lüqiu's Premiership also enacted agrarian reform through the National Agricultural Board and Regional Agricultural Boards, enjoying a monopsony on staple crops and owning agricultural machinery and warehouses in accordance with the principle of an Ever-Normal Granary.