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{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Castelonovo
| settlement_type        = {{wp|Federal capital}}
| official_name          = ''Capital Federal de Castelonovo''<br>Federal Capital of Castelonovo
| image_skyline          = Montagem_SP.png
| image_alt              = From the top, clockwise: Castelonovo Cathedral; night overview of the city downtown; Monument to the Bandeiras at Ibibepa Park; Museum of Art of Castelonovo; Mascarenhas Palace; and the Magalhães Bridge over the Veracruz River.
| image_caption          = From the top, clockwise: [[Castelonovo Cathedral]]; night overview of the city downtown; {{wp|Monument to the Bandeiras}} at [[Ibibepa Park]]; [[Museum of Art of Castelonovo]]; [[Mascarenhas Palace]]; and the [[Magalhães Bridge]] over the [[Veracruz River]].
| image_flag              = [[File:Bandeira_de_Olinda.png|141px]]
| image_shield            = [[File:Brasão_de_Olinda_PE.png|73px]]
| etymology              = New Castle
| nickname                = ''Terra de Oportunidades''<small><br>(Land of Opportunities);</small><br>''Selva de Pedra''<small><br>(Stone Jungle)</small>
| motto                  = ''Semper Invicta''<br><small>"Always undefeated"</small>
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Belmonte}}
| subdivision_type1      = [[Administrative divisions of Belmonte|Province]]
| subdivision_name1      = {{flagicon image|Bandeira_de_Olinda.png}} [[Castelonovo|Federal Capital]]
| established_title      = Foundation
| established_date        = 19 May 1544
| founder                = [[Magalhães Cunha]]
|parts                    = 30 boroughs
|parts_type              = Boroughs
|p1                      = Centro
|p2                      = República
|p3                      = Jaraquara
|p4                      = Ibará
|p5                      = Bonfim
|p6                      = Esperança
|p7                      = Vila Galisteu
|p8                      = Piratininga
|p9                      = Jardins
|p10                      = Vila Aurora
|p11                      = Leopoldense
|p12                      = Regina
|p13                      = Guararapes
|p14                      = Ó
|p15                      = Punhais
|p16                      = Werneck
|p17                      = Ipês
|p18                      = Aranha
|p19                      = Jardim Martinelli
|p20                      = Itaboraí
|p21                      = Santa Cecília
|p22                      = Ibibeba
|p23                      = Iguatemi
|p24                      = Linhares
|p25                      = Araçá
|p26                      = Alvim
|p27                      = Bandeira
|p28                      = Vila Cardoso
|p29                      = Pariti
|p30                      = Cerejeira
| government_type        = {{wp|Mayor–council government|Mayor-council}}
| governing_body          = [[Castelonovo Municipal Chamber|Municipal Chamber]]
| leader_party            = [[National Conservative Union (Belmonte)|UCN]]
| leader_title            = [[Mayor of Castelonovo|Mayor]]
| leader_name            = [[Júlio Passos]]
| unit_pref              = Metric
<!-- square kilometers -->
| area_urban_km2          = 293905
| area_metro_km2          = 907307
| population_as_of        = 2020
| population_urban        = 4,388,284
| population_metro        = 11,371,228
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = Castelan
| utc_offset1            = +13
| postal_code            = 1000
| area_code              = +57 010
}}
'''Castelonovo''' ({{wp|Help:IPA/English|/kɑːstɪlɒˈnɒˈvoʊ/}}; <small>{{wp|Portuguese language|Iustian}} pronunciation:</small> {{wp|Help:IPA/Portuguese|[''kɐstʃelɔnovo'']}}), officially the '''Federal Capital of Castelonovo''' ({{wp|Portuguese language|Iustian}}: ''Capital Federal de Castelonovo''), is the {{wp|Capital city|capital}} and {{wp|City|largest city}} of [[Belmonte]]. Castelonovo is the {{wp|Primate city|primate}} political, administrative, financial and cultural centre of Belmonte, with its name being often used as a {{wp|synecdoche}} to refer to the [[Government of Belmonte|government]] as a whole. Its {{wp|Metropolitan area|metropolitan population}} is the second largest of [[Asteria Inferior]] and the tenth-largest of the [[Kylaris|world]], being the most populous {{wp|Portuguese language|Iustian-speaking city}} as well. Together with [[Riachuelo]], the city is undergoing a major {{wp|Conurbation|conurbation process}} and is part of the [[Central Metropolitan Axis]], which is the most inhabited and urbanized area of the country.


Castelonovo was founded by {{wp|bandeirante}} [[Magalhães Cunha]] as an outpost for future expeditions further inland, however, its central strategic location and rough terrain that served as a natural defence towards hostile attacks led to exponential growth. By the late 18th century, before [[Asterian War of Secession|Belmontese independence]], the city was already the biggest in the colony. After independence, Castelonovo became the centre for {{wp|Liberalism|liberal}} and {{wp|Federalism|federalist}} thought and was chosen as the country's capital after the [[Federalist Revolt|establishment]] of the [[First Belmontese Republic|First Republic]].
Throughout the 19th century, Castelonovo became the major industrial hub of Belmonte and was the city that most received [[Immigration to Belmonte|immigrants from that time]]. Together with a massive {{wp|rural exodus}}, the city was affected by a variety of problems combined with the [[History of Belmonte|political instability of the era]], with the majority of protests, riots, battles and revolts happening there. Castelonovo was severely destroyed during the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] and the consequent [[Operation Palmier|Entente occupation]] and [[Spring Offensive|liberation]], suffering a major renovation process in the upcoming decades.
Today, Castelonovo is the {{wp|Wealth|wealthiest}} and most {{wp|HDI|developed}} city of Belmonte, being a {{wp|Multiculturalism|diverse}} and {{wp|Cosmopolitanism|cosmopolitan city}} home to regional and international diasporas of different ethnicities around the globe. The city is also known for its {{wp|Religious pluralism|religious diversity}} and its {{wp|LGBT community|LGBTQ+ population}}, and has its official motto ''Semper Invicta'', which means "Always Undefeated", whilst having the nicknames ''Terra de Oportunidades'' (Land of Opportunities) and ''Selva de Pedra'' (Stone Jungle). Castelonovo is the seat of several museums, shows and festivals, and have been the host city of numerous world events of significant importance.
==History==
{{Quote box|width=20em|align=left|bgcolor=#B0C4DE|title=Historical affiliations|fontsize=90%|quote=
{{flagicon image|Guardiãflag.png}} [[Auratia|Kingdom of Iustia]] 1544-1683<br>{{flagicon image|Flag_of_Poveglia_778-1784.png}} [[Etruria|Poveglian Republic]] 1683-1721<br>{{flagicon image|Flag_of_Royalist_France.svg}} [[Gaullica|Gaullican Empire]] 1721-1764<br>{{flagicon|Belmonte}} [[Belmonte]] 1764-present}}
{{see also|History of Belmonte}}
===Pre-Ashtarite Castelonovo===
{{multiple image
|align    = right
|direction = vertical
|width    = 200
|image1    = Antônio_Parreiras_-_Fundação_de_São_Paulo,_1913.jpg
|caption1  = ''Foundation of Castelonovo'', by {{wp|Antônio Parreiras|Inácio Leitão}}
|image2    = Pátio do Colégio in São Paulo.jpg
|caption2  = Courtyard of Saint Peter's Monastery, the location where the city was officialy created in 1544.
}}
Before the arrival of [[Euclea|Euclean colonists]] in what is modern-day [[Belmonte]], the area that today corresponds to Castelonovo was populated by a myriad of {{wp|Indigenous peoples|native chiefdoms}}, the majority being from {{wp|Macro-Jê languages|Macro-Jê origin}}. There are few archaeological vestiges about the original native population that lived in the area, with the few descriptions about them mentioning their hostility towards {{wp|Bandeirante|bandeirantes}} or any white Euclean at all. Although the majority of them were either killed, fled or assimilated into colonial society, native names are still present on names and places throughout the city.
===Foundation and colonial era===
{{see also|History of Belmonte#Colonial era|Asterian War of Secession}}
[[File:Raposo_Tavares.jpg|thumb|left|175px|[[Magalhães Cunha]], famous {{wp|Bandeirantes|bandeirante}} and the city's founder.]]
Castelonovo was founded on May 19th 1544 as ''Castelo Alto'' (High Castle) by an expedition led by {{wp|Bandeirantes|bandeirante}} [[Magalhães Cunha]], which departed from [[Pinheiros]] a few months before. Initially a small outpost that served as a resting point to other expeditions and bandeiras, the village suffered a massive fire which destroyed the majority of its buildings in 1553, being rebuilt as Castelonovo (New Castle) years later, in 1558. Its location, away from the coast in the middle of the jungle, was known for its rough terrain, making the place safe from {{wp|Indigenous peoples|indigenous attacks}} and further increasing the interest of {{wp|Catholic Church|Catholic}} and {{wp|Society of Jesus|Jesuit}} groups, who wanted to expand their {{wp|Religious conversion|conversion work}} deep inland.
Thanks to the effort of priests [[João Paes]] and [[Augusto Linhares]], the village was further expanded with the construction of a new convent, intensifying conversion activities in the area whilst attracting more priests and new inhabitants. Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, the city drastically grew as the majority of trade routes crossed there, becoming a regional centre for neighbouring villages and towns. Together with its natural defences, many {{wp|Colony|colonial institutions}} started to be built or transferred to there, consequently leading to the migration of most of the {{wp|Elite|regional elites}} to areas close to its location. By the end of the 17th century, the city had become the largest of the [[History of Belmonte|colony]] and was the capital of the [[Anchieta|Anchieta captaincy]] since 1668.
At the end of the [[History of Belmonte|colonial era]], Castelonovo already was an important social, economic and cultural centre of Belmonte, being the home for several academic and political thought. Unlike previous colonial administrations, the [[Gaullica|Gaullican Empire]], against the high-level of autonomy that the captaincies had, abolished the former's autonomy and established harsh taxes over the colony itself, instilling rejection of the local population towards the new metropolis. During the 1740s and 1750s, the city became the stage of the first manifestations against colonial rule whilst new {{wp|Nationalism|nationalist}} and {{wp|Liberalism|liberal}} ideologies arose and, in 1761, the [[Independence of Belmonte|declaration of independence was signed and declared there]].
During the [[Asterian War of Secession]], Castelonovo was the seat of the revolutionary forces, headed by [[Sebastião Mascarenhas]], throughout the entire conflict.
===Confederation and Republic===
{{main|Confederation of Belmonte|First Belmontese Republic|Second Belmontese Republic|Berquó's dictatorship|State of Belmonte}}
{{see also|Federalist Revolt|Belmontese Revolution|National Renovation Coup|Immigration to Belmonte|Spring Offensive}}
[[File:Entrada_do_Exército_Libertador_1930.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Liberal troops celebrating their victory after the [[Federalist Revolt]].]]
After Belmontese independence, the [[Confederation of Belmonte]] was established, being an {{wp|Oligarchy|oligarchic}} {{wp|confederation}} in which all rule was concentrated towards the {{wp|Elite|rural slave-owning elite}}. Castelonovo, despite already being the biggest city in the newly-established country and being the seat of various public institutions, didn't receive the title of {{wp|Capital city|capital}}, alienating many against such rural elites. Furthermore, the city, known for being an academic centre, a centre which had liberal, {{wp|Federalism|federal}} and {{wp|enlightenment}} ideas, became opposed towards the new regime. The city would be the seat of the federalist and {{wp|Republicanism|republican}} [[Liberal Party (Belmonte)|Liberal Party]] and would endorse liberal thought consistently over the years. With those ideas starting to become more repressed, various high-ranking officials mutinied and rebelled against the confederation, thus starting the [[Federalist Revolt]].
{{multiple image
|align    = left
|direction = vertical
|width    = 200
|image1    = Guilherme Gaensly - Estação da Luz, c. 1900.jpg
|caption1  = Central Castelonovo in 1883
|image2    = Protesto na Praça da Sé em 25 de janeiro de 1932.jpg
|caption2  = A protest against Berquó's rule in 1917. Castelonovo suffered with political instability during most of the 20th century.
|image3    = Soldados_Paulistas_no_Túnel_da_Mantiqueira_1932.jpg
|caption3  = Belmontese soldiers retaking the city during the [[Spring Offensive]]
}}
With the federalist victory years afterwards, the [[First Belmontese Republic]] was established, making Castelonovo the official capital of Belmonte. This entailed the centralization of more services and the transference of remaining public institutions to the city, helping in its expansion. The arrival of more servicemen and bureaucrats, combined with the government's reformist nature, led to a massive urban renovation, with new, wider roads connecting the city with coastal towns while the architecture shifted from its {{wp|Baroque|colonial baroque}} to more {{wp|Neoclassicism|neoclassical}} trends inspired by the [[Euclea|Euclean capitals]] of the time.
After the [[Belmontese Revolution]], {{wp|industrialization}} started to be slowly introduced in the city, with Castelonovo overseeing the construction of the first factories in the 1850s and 1860s. At first limited in size and production, industrialization would be intensified in the upcoming decades, leading to the [[Immigration to Belmonte|massive immigration of primarily Euclean peoples]]. Out of almost two million people that went to Belmonte between the 1870s and 1910s, the overwhelming majority went to work and live on Castelonovo or its neighbouring regions, leading to the construction of various {{wp|Neighbourhood|working-class neighbourhoods}}, the most famous of them being Vila Galisteu and Vila Aurora. Still, this wasn't enough to accommodate the demand for public housing, causing the creation of the first {{wp|Slum|slums}} in the 1890s and 1900s.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the situation became worse as the city couldn’t sustain anymore the huge influx of new inhabitants, leading to a huge increase in poverty and criminality, earning the nickname of "most decadent city of the Asterias." Tensions among the working class and the police, fueled by poverty and other social problems, led to violent clashes in the following years, the most violent of them being the [[Belmonte General Strike of 1906|General Strike of 1906]] which resulted in 17 deaths. More violence would appear after the [[Great Collapse]] in 1913, ceasing temporarily after the [[National Renovation Coup]] when the city was put under military control.
Castelonovo would found itself under more turmoil during the [[Berquó dictatorship]], with the city itself being the location of various revolts and battles against his rule. Although the city underwent some remarkable renovations, its expansion was halted considerably during the remainder of the 10s and the entirety of the 20s.
During [[Operation Palmier]], the [[Operation Palmier|Entente invasion of Belmonte]], in 1932, the city was bombarded several times by both [[Nuvania]] and [[Satucin]] to curb any Belmontese military response, however, it still resulted in large destruction of civilian portions as well as a significant loss of life. When the situation became hopeless, Castelonovo was declared an {{wp|open city}} weeks later, falling on joint Nuvanian-Satucin hands on March 3rd of the same year. Immediately, a [[State of Belmonte|puppet functionalist regime]] led by [[Inácio Cohen]] would set its capital on the city, arresting and executing resistance pockets still left. The occupation years were worst for the capital, with many describing it as a {{wp|ghost town}} due to the mass escape of civilians combined with the destruction of large sections of the city.
[[File:São_Paulo_-_Center.jpg|thumb|right|225px|The city in 1969]]
Amid the [[Spring Offensive]], Castelonovo would become the centre of various battles between the functionalist government, the resistance and the national redoubt government, all of them expanding ever more the city's destruction. The city would be finally [[Spring Offensive|liberated]] on November 1933, while the [[Great War (Kylaris)|capitulation of Entente forces in Belmontese territory]] happened at the beginning of 1934.
===Contemporary era===
{{main|Sword's Republic (Belmonte)|Mauá's War}}
{{see also|1963 Belmontese terrorist attacks|1969 protests in Belmonte|1979 protests in Belmonte}}
After the establishment of the [[New Republic (Belmonte)|New Republic]], Castelonovo would undergo massive restructuration and reconstruction efforts, with many destructed spots being rebuilt under the auspices of the nascent {{wp|Modernism|modernist movement}}. During the tenure of its first post-war mayor [[Cédrico Alvim]], a {{wp|Welfare system|public welfare system}} and [[Belmontese Highway System|new highway connections]] would be established together with a [[Castelonovo Metropolitan|metropolitan transport]] as well - the first of the country. Reconstruction works would last until the 50s, when its pre-war population and overall infrastructure was restored, with some works being completed insofar the 60s and 70s.
During the [[Sword's Republic (Belmonte)|Sword's Republic]] and the [[Mauá's War]], Castelonovo would be hit with several terrorist attacks, the worst of them happening in [[1963 Belmontese terrorist attacks|1963]], in which the far-left [[Belmontese Free Army]] tried to kill most high-ranking political officers. The city would be the central place of the [[1969 protests in Belmonte|1969]] and [[1979 protests in Belmonte|1979 protests]] and would suffer even more during the economic crisis of the following decade.
It was only in the 80s that Castelonovo would recover from the past two decade's economic and political foes, with remaining industries being closed in favour of {{wp|Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary services}} such as finances and retail. Today, Castelonovo is the biggest, wealthiest and most developed city of Belmonte, but still contains various social problems ranging from {{wp|social inequality}} to {{wp|criminality}}, {{wp|pollution}} and {{wp|traffic congestion}}.
[[File:Panorama_de_São_Paulo.jpg|thumb|center|1115px|Panoramic view of Castelonovo at night from the [[Ibibepa Park]]]]
==Geography==
{{see also|Geography of Belmonte}}
{{multiple image
|align    = left
|direction = vertical
|width    = 225
|image1    = Castelonovo.png
|caption1  = Satellite view of [[Castelonovo Metropolitan Area|Greater Castelonovo]]
|image2    = Pico_do_jaragua_aerial_2010.JPG
|caption2  = [[Linhares Pike]] is the city's highest point with 1,288 metres (4,225 ft) of altitude
}}
Castelonovo is the located on central [[Belmonte]], sharing borders with the province of [[Anchieta]] on all sides, being the largest and most populous city of the country according to the last demographic census, having an urban population of 4,388,284 inhabitants in 2020 together with an area of 293,905 km2 (113,477 sq mi).
One of the main reasons for the choice of the city's current location was due to its rough and irregular terrain, in the middle of the [[Geography of Belmonte|Central Highlands]], which served as a natural defence against hostile native attacks at the time, with the entirety of the city being above 200m (656 ft) of altitude. However, certain points surpass 600m (1968 ft), most of them located on the northeastern region of the metropolis. As such, the average height is about 450m (1476 ft), with its highest point being the [[Linhares Pike]], also located on the same spot, with 1,288 metres (4,225 ft), while the city itself being surrounded with other mountains of smaller altitude.
There are few {{wp|Seismology|seismological reports}} on the region, with the few {{wp|Earthquake|earthquakes}} happening there being from low-intensity nature.
===Metropolitan area===
{{main article|Central Metropolitan Axis}}
The [[Castelonovo Metropolitan Area]] was established in 1963 and is the second largest of [[Asteria Inferior]] - only behind [[Passau]] in [[Satucin]] - and the tenth-largest of the [[Kylaris|world]], having 11,371,228 inhabitants in 2020. The {{wp|metropolitan area}} is composed by eleven cities, with all of them under a {{wp|Conurbation|major conurbation process}} as many people who work in Castelonovo are settling there due to their cheaper cost of living, followed by the expansion of various Castelan business to said neighbouring areas.
{{multiple image
|align    = right
|direction = vertical
|width    = 200
|image1    = Billings_2008051703.jpg
|caption1  = [[Guararapes Reservoir]]
|image2    = Tempestade em SP.jpg
|caption2  = A heavy storm, which happens at a higher frequency during the city summers.
|image3    = Pollution over São Paulo (Jardins).jpg
|caption3  = A {{wp|smog}} seen in the sky. Pollution is one of Castelonovo's biggest ecological problems.
}}
Since the end of the [[Mauás' War]] in the late-70s, this conurbation process has become intensified, resulting in the integration with the [[Riachuelo Metropolitan Area]] thus forming the [[Central Metropolitan Axis]], also known as the Castelonovo-Riachuelo Metropolitan Axis or ''Cachuelo'', one of the largest {{wp|megalopolis}} of the Asterian continent and the most populated and urbanized area of Belmonte, having 18,784,141 inhabitants, more than half of the Belmontese population, living there.
===Hydrography===
Belmonte's largest river, the [[Veracruz River]], flows through Castelonovo, cutting the city in half. Initially an important source of freshwater, the river became heavily polluted on the 20th century due to {{wp|Industrialization|massive industrial activity}} on its surroundings, being the place for {{wp|Effluent|industrial and chemical effluents}}, and also {{wp|River engineering|channelled}}, avoiding {{wp|water transport}} on the region. Since the beginning of the 21st century, however, several legislations prohibited the continuation of this practice, and there have been numerous projects to revitalize it for public use.
There are no major lakes on the region, so two large {{wp|Reservoir|reservoirs}} were constructed during the city's reconstruction in the 40s and 50s to supply the city's demands: the [[Guararapes Reservoir]] is responsible for {{wp|power generation}} while the [[Alvim Reservoir]] is responsible for maintaining the metropolitan water supply. Both places are located on state-protected parks, being public attractions as well. There were various {{wp|droughts}} during Castelonovo's history, leading to {{wp|Rationing|water rationing}} for years.
===Climate===
Given its location, Castelonovo has a {{wp|humid subtropical climate}} ({{wp|Köppen climate classification|Cfa}}) known for its dry winters and rainy summers. The summer, which reaches its height in January, has an average precipitation of 270mm (10.62 inches) and an average temperature which varies from 25°C (77°F) to 35°C (95°F). During the season, it's common to have frequent storms whilst rainfall is very abundant, happening on almost all days during most of the afternoons. The winter, on the other hand, is drastically different: not only the temperature average is smaller, ranging from 15°C (59°F) to 25°C, but it's also the driest period of the year although {{wp|frosts}} happen sporadically. Besides, there also other two seasons: autumn and spring, although they are seen as transition periods. Unlike [[Guanabara]], there is no {{wp|Cyclone|cyclone activity}} in the area.
Castelonovo has an {{wp|Pollution|alarming pollution problem}}, leading to an intensification of the {{wp|greenhouse effect}} thus creating an {{wp|urban climate}} which is considerably warner than its surroundings.
Generally, the hottest month of the year is January, while the coldest one is July. The highest temperature ever registered was 38,1°C (100,58°F) on January 23th 2017, while the coldest one was -2,7°C (27,14°F) on June 18th 1903.
{{Weather box
|location= Castelonovo, Belmonte
|metric first= Y
|single line= Y
|Jan high C= 30.3
|Feb high C= 29.9
|Mar high C= 29.8
|Apr high C= 29.5
|May high C= 29.4
|Jun high C= 28.7
|Jul high C= 27.5
|Aug high C= 27.6
|Sep high C= 28.9
|Oct high C= 29.1
|Nov high C= 29.5
|Dec high C= 29.7
|year high C=
|Jan mean C= 27.7
|Feb mean C= 27.5
|Mar mean C= 27.3
|Apr mean C= 26.8
|May mean C= 26.4
|Jun mean C= 25.6
|Jul mean C= 24.6
|Aug mean C= 24.8
|Sep mean C= 25.7
|Oct mean C= 26.5
|Nov mean C= 27.1
|Dec mean C= 27.2
|year mean C=
<!-- Average low temperatures -->
|Jan low C= 24.9
|Feb low C= 24.8
|Mar low C= 24.3
|Apr low C= 23.7
|May low C= 22.9
|Jun low C= 20.4
|Jul low C= 19.7
|Aug low C=  20.5
|Sep low C= 21.6
|Oct low C= 22.7
|Nov low C= 23.3
|Dec low C= 24.1
|year low C=
|Jan precipitation mm= 293
|Feb precipitation mm= 278
|Mar precipitation mm= 211
|Apr precipitation mm= 184
|May precipitation mm= 131
|Jun precipitation mm= 98
|Jul precipitation mm= 76
|Aug precipitation mm= 83
|Sep precipitation mm= 107
|Oct precipitation mm= 134
|Nov precipitation mm= 196
|Dec precipitation mm= 237
|year precipitation mm=
|precipitation colour=
|Jan precipitation days = 19
|Feb precipitation days = 18
|Mar precipitation days = 18
|Apr precipitation days = 13
|May precipitation days = 12
|Jun precipitation days = 10
|Jul precipitation days = 07
|Aug precipitation days = 11
|Sep precipitation days = 12
|Oct precipitation days = 13
|Nov precipitation days = 17
|Dec precipitation days = 18
|year precipitation days =
|source 1= Belmontese Meteorological Service
}}
==Government==
{{see also|Administrative divisions of Belmonte}}
[[File:Palácio Anchieta (SP).jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Paraleiros Building]], seat of both Castelonovo city government and its [[Municipal Chamber of Castelonovo|municipal chamber]].]]
[[File:Paulo skaf.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Júlio Passos]] ([[National Republican Union (Belmonte)|URN]]), [[Mayor of Castelonovo|mayor]] since 2016]]
Given its condition as {{wp|Capital city|federal capital}}, Castelonovo has a different [[Administrative divisions of Belmonte|political and administrative framework]] when compared to other [[Administrative divisions of Belmonte|entities of the federation]]. Although being categorized as a proper [[Administrative divisions of Belmonte|province]], the city acts as a [[Administrative divisions of Belmonte|municipality]] of its own, having a [[Administrative divisions of Belmonte|municipal charter]] that acts as its {{wp|Magna Carta}} and a {{wp|Mayor-council government|mayor-council system}} instead of a [[Administrative divisions of Belmonte|provincial constitution]] and [[Administrative divisions of Belmonte|political system]].
The executive is led by a [[Mayor of Castelonovo|mayor]], not a governor, which is the leader of the party with the biggest number of seats in the city's municipal chamber. Elections take place every four years, with the mayor being able to stay in office indefinitely as long as it has {{wp|Motion of no-confidence|parliamentary support}}, whilst having as main responsibilities the leading of the city government to provide and maintain healthcare, education, security, basic sanitation and public transport with the assistance of the [[Government of Belmonte|Federal Government]].
The legislative power is vested in the [[Municipal Chamber of Castelonovo]], which is constituted of 50 councillors, also known as ''vereadores'', for a renewable term of 4 years. As the city’s {{wp|legislature}}, it’s the responsability of the chamber to suggest, debate and approve laws and budgets.
The judiciary power is made by the Justice Court of Castelonovo, which deals with both legal and criminal cases, together with the city's {{wp|parquet}}.
===Subdivisions===
Castelonovo is divided into 30 boroughs which are part of five different regions: North, South, East, West and Centre. The Centre is composed by the {{wp|City centre|historical district}} and {{wp|financial zone}}, being home of the city's oldest neighbourhoods; the North and West regions are the most populated areas with the majority of {{wp|Lower class|low}} and {{wp|middle-class}} {{wp|Suburb|suburbs}} being located there; while the East and North regions are known for their {{wp|upper-class}} population.
{| style="margin: 1em auto;"
|-
| valign="top" |
{| style="margin:auto;" cellpadding="10"
|-
| [[File:Map castelonovo.png|350px|left]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| colspan="2" style="background:#bfb; text-align:center;"|'''South'''
| colspan="2" style="background:#fbb; text-align:center;"|'''East'''
| colspan="2" style="background:#ffa; text-align:center;"|'''Centre'''
| colspan="2" style="background:#a5c6ff; text-align:center;"|'''West'''
| colspan="2" style="background:#d6ffa5; text-align:center;"|'''North'''
|-
| 15
| Werneck
| 10
| Jardim Martinelli
| 1
| Centro
| 20
| Vila Galisteu
| 25
| Linhares
|-
| 16
| Pariti
| 11
| Leopoldense
| 2
| República
| 21
| Ipês
| 26
| Araçá
|-
| 17
| Jardins
| 12
| Ibará
| 3
| Jaraquara
| 22
| Vila Aurora
| 27
| Alvim
|-
| 18
| Aranha
| 13
| Itaboraí
| 4
| Ibibepa
| 23
| Punhais
| 28
| Bandeira
|-
| 19
| Bonfim
| 14
| Santa Cecília
| 5
| Iguatemi
| 24
| Esperança
| 29
| Vila Cardoso
|-
|
|
|
|
| 6
| Ó
|
|
| 30
| Cerejeira
|-
|
|
|
|
| 7
| Guararapes
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
| 8
| Piratininga
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
| 9
| Regina
|
|
|
|
|}
|}
|}
===Public security===
{{main article|Civil Guard (Belmonte)}}
{{see also|Law enforcement in Belmonte}}
[[File:Formacaodapmesp.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Civil Guard (Belmonte)|Civil Guard]] officers]]
Castelonovo's main {{wp|Law enforcement|public security force}} is the [[Civil Guard (Belmonte)|Civil Guard]], which is administered by the city government together with [[Government of Belmonte|federal assistance]] as part of the [[Law enforcement in Belmonte|National Public Security System]]. According to the last census realized by the government, there is 25,000 police officers on duty in the city. Statistically, Castelonovo has one of the lowest {{wp|crime rates}} of Belmonte with 2019 registering 13,8 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants, altough it's a number which is considered high when compared with other capitals.
The Civil Guards faces a tense relationship with the city's most poor communities, suffering {{wp|Police accountability|harsh criticisms}} from various social groups due to its {{wp|Police misconduct|brutality}}, especially towards the {{wp|Racism|black population and other social and ethnic minorities}}. According to a report released by the [[International Council for Democracy]] (ICD) in 2019, the Castelonovo Civil Guard is the "second most repressive" in Belmonte after [[Guanabara]], and ranks as one of the police that most kill in the world.
==Economy==
{{see also|Economy of Belmonte}}
[[File:Avenida_Faria_Lima.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[Honório-Graça Ave]], the headquarters of most financial institutions settled in Belmonte.]]
[[File:Sao_Paulo_Stock_Exchange.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Trading panel of the [[Castelonovo Stock Exchange]], one of the biggest of [[Kylaris|Asteria]].]]
Castelonovo is considered to be an {{wp|Global city|alpha city}} by the [[International Trade Organization]], being the major economic and financial centre of Belmonte and one of the biggest of [[Asteria Inferior]], alongside [[Gâton]] and [[Pietersburg]].
According to economic data, Castelonovo is home to 43% of the {{wp|GDP|national GDP}} due to its overwhelming population and expressive economic concentration as Belmonte's {{wp|primate city}} and, as a result, is the headquarters of the majority of financial institutions operating in the country, being either domestic or foreign companies of public or private origin, many of them being situated at the [[Honório-Graça Ave|Honório-Graça]] and [[Augusta Ave|Augusta]] avenues. Castelonovo is also the city with the largest number of {{wp|millionaires}} and {{wp|billionaires}} in Belmonte per capita, and has the highest living rates in the country as well.
Castelonovo's economic history started when the country still was a [[History of Belmonte|colony]], when the city became a major trade hub due to its central location which connected coastal cities from each other. With the onset of the {{wp|industrial revolution}}, Castelonovo was the home of the first factories in the 1840s and 1850s, with its expansion being triggered during the remainder of the 19th century.
The beginning of the 20th century was marked by overpopulation and decadence, decadence which became worse after the [[Great Collapse]] despite still holding the title of Belmonte's most industrialized region. With the aftermath of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], Castelonovo was left in ruins, and started to transition into a {{wp|post-industrial economy}} largely focused on the {{wp|Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector}}, with retail and finances becoming more predominant. The majority of central boroughs are entirely made by retail services, more specifically fashion and electronics, as well as banks and financial enterprises in general.
{{multiple image
|align    = right
|direction = vertical
|width    = 175
|image1    = São Paulo, Rua Oscar Freire (3474234952).jpg
|caption1  = [[Jardins (Castelonovo)|Jardins]] is the most luxurious and expensive borough of the city.
|image2    = Sao Paulo - Mercado Municipal.JPG
|caption2  = [[Castelonovo City Market]]
|image3    = Ibirapuera, Pavilhão Ciccillo Matarazzo (biennale) 07.JPG
|caption3  = The pavilion of the annual [[Castelonovo Art Exhibition]], which attracts thousands of visitors every year.
}}
Despite being the centre of most of the national wealth, Castelonovo suffers from {{wp|Poverty|high poverty rates}} ever since the beginning of its industrial inception. Although there has been a considerable decrease ever since the 80s, it remains a serious problem for the city as a whole. According to the [[Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs]], around 24% of the city citizens live below the poverty line, with 6% of inhabitants living with less than $10,00 per day. Castelonovo's current socio-economic situation is a large contributor to the city's other social problems, such as {{wp|economic inequality}}, lack of public services and {{wp|violence}}.
===Luxury goods===
Given Castelonovo's economical status, the city is home to several luxury brands and business, the majority of them located in {{wp|shopping centres}} and {{wp|malls}}. Most of these luxury goods are located on the western side of the metropolis, more specifically on the [[Jardins (Castelonovo)|Jardins]] and [[Werneck (Castelonovo)|Werneck]] boroughs, mostly due to their upper-class populations, however, international brands can also be seen in [[Jaraquara (Castelonovo)|Jaraquara]], [[Ipipeba (Castelonovo)|Ibibepa]] and [[Iguatemi (Castelonovo)|Iguatemi]], the latter being the location of the city's biggest and oldest mall: the [[Excelsior Bachelet Mall]], which was founded in 1959.
===Tourism===
Castelonovo is the most visited city of Belmonte and one of the most in the [[Kylaris|world]], receiving as far as 25 million people in 2017. The majority of tourists comes from neighbouring countries such as [[Nuvania]], [[Satucin]] and [[Aucuria]], followed by [[Tacunia]] and the [[Euclean Community]], more specifically [[Etruria]], [[Auratia]], [[Gaullica]] and [[Estmere]].
As a {{wp|multicultural city}}, Castelonovo is home to diverse {{wp|Religion|religions and congregations}}, with the city itself being the point of meeting of {{wp|Diaspora|various religious diasporas}} as well as the main location of {{wp|Religious tourism|religious marches and celebrations in general}} that attracts millions of people annually. Regarding {{wp|cultural tourism}}, as the {{wp|cultural capital}} of Belmonte, Castelonovo has a series of festivals, shows and events, such as the [[Castelonovo Art Exhibition]], through the year, contributing to the local economy. Furthermore, the city also has an eccentric {{wp|nightlife}}, being considered one of the best of the Asterias, having a diversified set of restaurants, cinemas, clubs and theatres.
Another tourist attractions are the city's parks, the biggest and most known of them being the [[Ipipeba Park]] located at the central borough with the same name, as well as the [[Castelonovo Gay Parade]] and the [[Castelonovo Fashion Week]], which serves as the main events for their domestic and inter regional counterparts.
[[File:Panorama da cidade de São Paulo.jpg|thumb|center|1115px|Panoramic view of Castelonovo's financial centre. The [[Aranha Building]] can be seen on the left.]]
==Urban infrastructure==
==Transport==
{{see also|Metropolitan of Castelonovo}}
[[File:By_Carlos_Barretta_stk_001650_(8033666901).jpg|thumb|left|175px|Terminal 3 of the [[Júlio Lobato-Castelonovo Airport]], with the city skyline behind.]]
{{multiple image
|align    = right
|direction = vertical
|width    = 210
|image1    = São Paulo Metro, Line blue, Brazil.jpg
|caption1  = The [[Castelonovo Metropolitan]], the largest {{wp|Rapid transit|metropolitan service}} of Belmonte.
|image2    = Caio Millennium BRT.jpg
|caption2  = A TRC {{wp|Bus rapid transit|BRT bus}}
}}
Castelonovo has the largest and most interconnected {{wp|Public transport|public transport system}} in Belmonte, having {{wp|Public transport|inter-municipal}}, {{wp|Rapid transit|metropolitan}}, {{wp|Highway|road}} and {{wp|Rail transport|rail}} lines on its entire metropolitan area, lines which are used by millions of passengers every day. The city's public transport system is led by the Metropolitan Company of Urban Transports (CMTU), a {{wp|Public–private partnership|public-private}} {{wp|conglomerate}} responsible for the maintenance and expansion of the city's public system, being composed by the Road Transports of Castelonovo (TRC), the [[Metropolitan of Castelonovo]] (METRÔ) and many other {{wp|Outsourcing|outsourced companies}}. Initially a state-owned {{wp|consortium}}, the CMTU underwent {{wp|Privatization|privatizations}} during the 2000s and 2010s, with some of its assets being sold to the private initiative.
The capital has the biggest {{wp|Bus|bus fleet}} in the country with 9,000 vehicles, most of them {{wp|Diesel engine|diesel-engined}}, although there is extensive efforts to introduce and expand the city's {{wp|Electric bus|electric}} and {{wp|Biofuel|biomass}} lines. Castelonovo is served with bus terminals through every borough, having as its biggest terminal the Integrated Transport Terminal, which serves as the main transport hub to inter-municipal transport and receives thousands of passengers on a daily basis. Besides, the city also has a large {{wp|Taxi|taxi fleet}} of 19,000 vehicles and recently has been seeing a surge in {{wp|Mobile app|transport apps}}.
Furthermore, Castelonovo has, alongside [[Riachuelo]], [[Pinheiros]] and [[Guanabara]], an extensive {{wp|Rapid transit|metropolitan}} and {{wp|Railway|railway transport system}}. Its metropolitan is the oldest and largest of Belmonte, being founded in 1963 and having 78,3 km (486,5 mi) of extension under 6 lines and 58 different stations. It is mostly state-owned, with some lines being either privatized or under joint public-private partnerships. Castelonovo also has 219,4 km (1363,2 mi) of railways under federal property as part of the [[Belmontese Railways]].
Historically, Castelonovo served as a {{wp|Maritime transport|hydric hub}} due to its proximity to the [[Veracruz River]], but it ceased to exist after its {{wp|River engineering|channelization}} in the early 20th century.
There are two major airports in Castelonovo: the [[Júlio Lobato-Castelonovo International Airport]] (CAS), which was founded in 1943 and is the biggest airport per passengers and flights of the country, and the [[Jequitibá Airport]] (JQT), which began operating on the city outskirts in 2007 to relieve Castelonovo from excessive traffic.
==Demographics==
{{see also|Demographics of Belmonte}}
{{Historical populations
|percentages =
|footnote = '''Source''': Institute of Demographics and Statistics of Belmonte
|shading = off
|1700|70000
|1800|240000
|1820|590000
|1840|780000
|1860|1428273
|1880|2364588
|1900|2770142
|1920|2197203
|1940|1044672
|1960|2167315
|1980|2575303
|2000|3418791
|2020|4388284
}}
{{bar box
|title=Ethnic groups in Castelonovo
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1= Group
|right1= Percentage
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|{{wp|White people|White}}|#0d2440|44.3}}
{{bar percent|{{wp|Multiracial people|''Pardo''}}|#296396|44.1}}
{{bar percent|{{wp|Black people|Black}}|Green|9.9}}
{{bar percent|{{wp|Asian people|Coian}}|Yellow|1.3}}
{{bar percent|{{wp|Indigenous peoples|Indigenous}}|Red|0.5}}
}}
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Castelonovo
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percentage
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|{{wp|Catholic Church|Catholicism}}|Gold|62.7}}
{{bar percent|{{wp|Protestantism|Amendism}}|Blue|19.9}}
{{bar percent|{{wp|Spiritism}}|Pink|4.6}}
{{bar percent|{{wp|Irreligion|Irreligious}}|Grey|9.3}}
{{bar percent|Other|Black|1.3}}
}}
With 4,388,284 inhabitants, Castelonovo is the largest city of Belmonte and, together with its {{wp|metropolitan area}}, is one of the most populated and urbanized regions of [[Asteria Inferior]] and the [[Kylaris|world]]. According to the last {{wp|Census|demographic census}}, 44,3% of the population described themselves as {{wp|White people|white}}, followed by 44,1% who described themselves as ''pardo'' ({{wp|Multiracial people|multiracial}}), 9,9% as {{wp|Black people|black}}, 1,3% as {{wp|Asian people|Coian}} and 0,5% as {{wp|Indigenous peoples|indigenous}}.
The city also has a very developed {{wp|Human Development Index|HDI}} of 0.847, the largest of the country, but also has a high {{wp|Gini coefficient}} of 43.4, exposing the city's alarming social inequality. Given its population, Castelonovo is also extremely {{wp|Cosmopolitanism|cosmopolitan}}, having a {{wp|Multiculturalism|wide array of ethnicities, cultures, religions, languages and genders}}.
===Immigration===
{{multiple image
|align    = right
|direction = vertical
|width    = 190
|image1    = Italians Sao Paulo - original.jpg
|caption1  = [[Euclea|Euclean]] immigrants arriving in the city during the 1890s.
|image2    = Famiglia Mancini, São Paulo, Brazil.jpg
|caption2  = A [[Etruria|Etrurian]] restaurant
}}
{{see also|Immigration to Belmonte}}
{{wp|Immigration}} to Castelonovo began during [[History of Belmonte|colonial times]], in which the city was primarily settled by [[Auratia|Auratians]], followed by a small community of {{wp|Veneto|Poveglians}}, {{wp|Italians|Vespasians}} and {{wp|French people|Gaullicans}} during their respective metropolitan rule over Belmonte. It was only with the {{wp|Slavery|abolition of slavery}} in the late-1700s and the beginning of the {{wp|industrial revolution}} in the 1850s and 1860s, combined with [[Euclea|Euclea's socio-political situation]], that the city would receive almost two million immigrants over the next 40 years. Most of these immigrants would come from countries that already had a significant ethnic presence here, such as [[Auratia]], [[Gaullica]] and [[Etruria]], which is regarded by many as a second {{wp|Immigration|immigratory wave}}, followed by [[Caldia|Caldish]], [[Emessa|Emessans]], [[Werania|Weranians]] and, for a lesser extent, [[Miersa|Miersans]], [[Estmere|Estmerish]] and [[Hennehouwe|Hennish]] people.
The city’s growth and immigration rates drastically decreased with the [[Great Collapse]], the [[Berquó dictatorship]] and the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]]. Although its population would return to its pre-war years, immigration itself was significantly damaged, promptly ending in the 50s. During the 90s, however, the city would see a [[Coius|Coian immigratory wave]], mostly led by [[Senria]], which would end in the upcoming decade.
Most of the black population is descended from the [[Bahia|Bahians]] brought in as slaves during the [[History of Belmonte|country's colonial and confederate era]], although there is a considerable [[Gowsa]] population who settled on the city during its industrialization's height in the 1880s and 1890s.
Castelonovo's {{wp|Cultural diversity|extremely diversified ethnic background}} is praised by its population, as different cultures can be seen on the entire city under restaurants, clubs, bars, festivals, celebrations and on the streets in general.
====Domestic migration====
Over its history, Castelonovo also was the centre for several {{wp|Rural exodus|rural exoduses}} and {{wp|internal migrations}}, especially during the city's industrialization and in the aftermath of the Great War, which saw a large migration by many who fled more destroyed areas on the countryside. Today, together with foreign nationalities, internal diasporas contributed to Castelonovo's diversified cultural scene, having considerable representation as well.
===Religion===
[[File:Catedral_Metropolitana_de_Sao_Paulo_3_Brasil.jpg|thumb|left|175px|[[Cathedral of Castelonovo]]]]
Castelonovo is a diverse hub for several {{wp|Religion|religions}} and {{wp|Religious denomination|denominations}} from different parts of the globe. According to the last demographic census, almost 90% (89%) of the populations describes themselves as {{wp|Christianity|Sotirian}}, being divided into {{wp|Catholic Church|Catholics}} (62,7%), {{wp|Protestantism|Amendists}} (19,9%), {{wp|Spiritism|Spiritists}} (4,6%) and 1,3% from other small sects. Catholicism always was a driving influential force among Castelans ever since the city's foundation, combined with most immigrants coming from Catholic-majority countries. Amendism and Spiritism, together with small denominations and churches such as [[Episemialist Church|Episemialism]] and [[Brethren Church|Ezekielanism]], are considered to be more recent trends that were introduced with the arrival of their respective communities in the 20th century, being concentrated on ethnic neighbourhoods.
Circa 10% (9,3%) of the population is {{wp|Irreligion|irreligious}}, which is growing considerably since the last years, especially among the younger population, while the remaining 2,2% is adherent to other faiths.
===Social challenges===
[[File:Paraisópolis_II.jpg|thumb|right|190px|A {{wp|favela}}, with upper-class blocks seen behind. Both {{wp|poverty}} and {{wp|Social inequality|large income inequality}} are endemic social issues in Castelonovo.]]
As a result of its massive population, Castelonovo faces several critical {{wp|Socioeconomics|socio-economic problems}}, the most critical of them being {{wp|poverty}}, {{wp|Pollution|high pollution}} and {{wp|traffic congestion}}. Although being one of the wealthiest cities of Belmonte, Castelonovo suffers from high poverty rates and, consequently, {{wp|economic inequality}}, which generates more problems such as {{wp|violence}} and contributes to the city's troubled history of {{wp|racism}}. The majority of the low-income population are virtually {{wp|Segregation|segregated}} into poor neighbourhoods and {{wp|favelas}}, receiving little to no public attention at all.
Pollution, in all its forms, always was a serious problem ever since the beginning of industrialization, with almost six thousand people dying every year from {{wp|List of pollution-related diseases|pollution-caused diseases}}. The issue is linked with traffic jams, which is the biggest contributor to the daily fogs and air contamination in general, however, numerous public efforts, such as {{wp|Road space rationing|car restrictions and rationing}}, especially during {{wp|Rush hour|rush hours}}, showed positive results in curbing it, and have been implemented in the late-2000s and early-2010s.
===Languages===
{{multiple image
|align    = left
|direction = vertical
|width    = 225
|image1    = Interior do Museu da Língua Portuguesa em São Paulo, Brasil.jpg
|caption1  = [[Museum of Language of Castelonovo]], which shows the city's linguistical history.
|image2    = São Paulo LGBT Pride Parade 2014 (14108541924).jpg
|caption2  = The 5th edition of the [[Castelonovo Gay Parade]] in 2011
}}
{{wp|Portuguese language|Iustian}} is widely spoken by the entirety of the Castelan population, serving as the city's {{wp|Official language|official}} and {{wp|First language|primary language}}. Before colonization, the region was inhabited by {{wp|Macro-Jê languages|Macrô-Jê groups}} who spoke their {{wp|Macro-Jê languages|language}}, but as the native population became either assimilated, enslaved or dead by the upcoming Euclean forces, it quickly faded away. Iustian would be relented as a {{wp|second language}} during the height days of immigration when the city effectively became {{wp|Multilingualism|multilingual}} - among Iustian, {{wp|Italian language|Vespasian}}, {{wp|Venetian language|Poveglian}} and even {{wp|German language|Weranian}} and {{wp|French language|Gaullican}} were used by the immigrant population.
During the Entente occupation of the city under the [[State of Belmonte|functionalist government]] of [[Inácio Cohen]], foreign languages were harshly repressed in favour of Iustian and Gaullican, with people being severely punished in what included large fines to penalties if spoke other languages. Although the ban was lifted after the war, the use of foreign languages was reduced and today is contained into some ethnic areas.
===Sexual diversity===
Castelonovo has a large and vibrant {{wp|LGBT community|LGBTQ+ community}}, the largest in the country, with 7% of the male population and 11% of the female population declaring to be non-heterosexual. There is diverse events dedicated to the LGBT community such as the [[Castelonovo Gay Parade]], which is realized every year since 2006, while many institutions dedicated to the protection of LGBTQ+ people are situated there. However, the city's community, like many in the country, still suffers from massive {{wp|prejudice}} from both society and public forces at all, such as the [[Civil Guard (Belmonte)|Civil Guard]]. According to the [[International Council for Democracy|ICD]], one {{wp|Transsexual|transsexual person}} is killed every hour in the city and, despite public efforts to stop and contain such violence, {{wp|homophobia}} remains a serious social issue.
===Health===
{{multiple image
|align    = right
|direction = vertical
|width    = 165
|image1    = Hospital Albert Einstein.jpg
|caption1  = [[Von Meyer Hospital]]
|image2    = Centro de Documentação e Memória da UNESP 01.jpg
|caption2  = ''República'' campus of the [[University of Castelonovo]], located on the central outskirts of the capital
}}
Castelonovo is the largest {{wp|Healthcare|healthcare centre}} of Belmonte, having 129 hospitals and more than 30,000 clinics and basic health units operated by both public and private initiative. Besides, the city has plenty of {{wp|teaching hospitals}} as well, operated by their respective educational institutions, creating a wide network of both public and private health services in the city, being well served by both the [[Public Institute of Social Care (Belmonte)|IPSS]] and {{wp|Health insurances|private insurances}} in general.
The [[Santa Bárbara Clinical Centre]] and the [[Von Meyer Hospital]] are the most known health institutions in the city.
===Education===
Castelonovo's [[Education in Belmonte|educational system]] is also the biggest in the country, having the largest number of {{wp|Primary school|primary}}, {{wp|Secondary school|secondary}} and {{wp|Tertiary education|tertiary}} institutions of Belmonte. In the public sphere, the municipal government is the main owner and responsible for the maintenance and expansion of {{wp|Nursery|nurseries}} and primary and secondary schools as well as responsible for the promotion and care of social projects present in them, while the federal government maintains most of the superior institutions such as the [[University of Castelonovo]] (UCA), the largest academy in the country, and the [[Federal Educational Centre of Castelonovo]] (CEFC), which is reserved for secondary teaching.
In the private sector, the most known and prestigious schools are the [[Maynard College|Maynard]] and [[Vilela College|Vilela]] colleges, while the biggest private universities are the [[Pontifical Catholic University of Castelonovo]] (which is owned by the city's [[Archdiocese of Castelonovo|archdiocese]]), the [[University of Alto de Santana]] and the [[Amendist University Reinford]].
====Science====
There is various scientific institutions settled in the city, the majority of them being government-sponsored, responsible for the research, study and development of various scientific matters. The [[Itarim Institute|Itarim]] and [[Maurício Schindler Institute|Maurício Schindler]] institutes are the biggest research agencies of Castelonovo, largely responsible for many discoveries in biological, chemical and technological fields.
==Culture==
===Music===
===Literature===
===Theatres===
===Museums===
===Media===
===Sports===
==Sister cities==
{| CELLPADDING=0 width="100%"
|- VALIGN=top
|width="33%"|
* {{flagicon|Belmonte}} [[Guanabara]] (1968)
* {{flagicon|Belmonte}} [[Julianópolis]] (1993)
* {{flagicon|Etruria}} [[Poveglia]] (1984)
* {{flagicon|Garambura}} [[Mambiza]] (2001)
|width="33%"|
* {{flagicon|Belmonte}} [[Paquatinga]] (1939)
* {{flagicon|Belmonte}} [[Riachuelo]] (1957)
* {{flagicon|Zorasan}} [[Zahedan]] (1989)
* {{flagicon|Maracao}} [[Porto Leste]] (1990)
|width="33%"|
* {{flagicon|Belmonte}} [[Santa Cruz]] (2004)
* {{flagicon|Belmonte}} [[Pinheiros]] (1979)
* {{flagicon|Imagua and the Assimas}} [[Cuanstad]] (1991)
|}
==See also==
{| CELLPADDING=0 width="100%"
|- VALIGN=top
|width="50%"|
* [[Belmonte]]
* [[History of Belmonte]]
* [[Administrative divisions of Belmonte]]
* [[Politics of Belmonte]]
|width="33%"|
* [[Government of Belmonte]]
* [[Civil Guard (Belmonte)]]
* [[Demographics of Belmonte]]
* [[Economy of Belmonte]]
|}
[[Category:Belmonte]]

Revision as of 01:52, 2 March 2021

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