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=Varangic Language Guide=
=Varyan Language Guide=


==Basic Classification and Sound Changes==
==Basic Classification and Sound Changes==
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*** {{wp|Slavic languages|Slavic}}
*** {{wp|Slavic languages|Slavic}}
**** {{wp|East Slavic languages|East Slavic}}
**** {{wp|East Slavic languages|East Slavic}}
*****'''Varangic'''
*****'''Varyan'''
 
Two major dialects: Eastern and Western Varangic


===Sound Changes from Proto-Slavic===
===Sound Changes from Proto-Slavic===
====Vowels====
====Common to East Slavic====
Common to East Slavic:
*Loss of {{Wp|yers}}
*Loss of {{Wp|yers}}
**strong *ь > /ʲe/
**strong *ь > /ʲe/
Line 29: Line 26:
**CьlC, *CъlC > ColC
**CьlC, *CъlC > ColC


Differences with East Slavic:
====Differences within East Slavic====
*''{{wp|yakanye}}'' - pretonic /ʲe/ > /ʲæ/ (Halichan), /ʲɛ/ (Central Varangic)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
*P.S. *ě > /æ/ (Halichan), /ɛ/ (Central Varangic)
! rowspan=2|{{wp|Isogloss}}es
*/g/ > /ɣ/ (similar to Belarusian and Ukrainian)
! colspan=3|Varyan
! rowspan=2|{{wp|Belarusian language|Belovaryan}}
! colspan=3|{{wp|Russian language|Severian}}
! rowspan=2|{{wp|Ukrainian language|Zelenovaryan}}
! rowspan=2|Examples
|-
! Central<br>(Standard)
! Eastern
! Halichan
! Central<br>(Standard)
! Southern
! Northern
|-
! scope="row" | reduction<br />of unstressed {{IPA|/o/}} ({{wp|akanye}})
| colspan=2 |no
| colspan=4 |yes
| colspan=2 |no
|
|-
! scope="row" | pretonic {{IPA|/ʲe/}} ({{wp|yakanye}})
| colspan=2|{{IPA|/ʲɛ/}}
| {{IPA|/ʲæ/}}
| colspan=2|{{IPA|/ʲa/}}
| {{IPA|/ʲi/}}
| {{IPA|/ʲe/}}
| {{IPA|/e/}}
|
Stan. Var. ''ziämľá''/''зҍмля́'' {{IPA|/ʑɛˈmʎa/}},<br>Sev. ''земля́'' {{IPA|/zʲiˈmlʲa/}},<br>Belov. ''ziamliá''/''зямля́'' {{IPA|/zʲaˈmlʲa/}},<br>Zelenov. ''zemľá''/''земля́'' {{IPA|/zeˈmlʲa/}}<br>"earth"
|-
! scope="row" | Proto-Slavic *i
| colspan=7|{{IPA|/i/}}
| rowspan=2|{{IPA|/ɪ/}}
| Stan. Var. ''ľist''/''ліст'' {{IPA|/ˈʎist/}},<br>Sev. ''лист'' {{IPA|/ˈlʲist/}},<br>Belov. ''ľist''/''ліст'' {{IPA|/ˈlʲist/}},<br>Zelenov. ''lyst''/''лист'' {{IPA|/ˈlɪst/}}<br>"leaf"
|-
! scope="row" | Proto-Slavic *y
| colspan=7|{{IPA|/ɨ/}}
|
|-
! scope="row" | stressed CoC
| {{IPA|/ɔ, u/}}
| {{IPA|/œ/}}
| colspan=5|{{IPA|/o/}}
| rowspan=2|{{IPA|/i/}}
| Stan. Var. ''nòč''/''но̀ч'' {{IPA|/ˈnɔt͡ʃ/}} <br>Sev. ''ночь'' {{IPA|/ˈnot͡ɕ/}},<br>Belov. ''noč''/''ноч'' {{IPA|/ˈnot͡ʂ/}},<br>Zelenov. ''nič''/''ніч'' {{IPA|/ˈnʲit͡ʃ/}}<br>"night"
|-
! scope="row" | Proto-Slavic *ě
| colspan=2|{{IPA|/ɛ~ʲɛ/}}
| {{IPA|/ɛ/}}
| colspan=3|{{IPA|/e/}}
| {{IPA|/e̝~i̯ɛ~i/}}
| Stan. Var. ''sia̋mia''/''сҍ́мя'' {{IPA|/ˈɕɛmʲa/}} <br>Sev. ''се́мя'' {{IPA|/ˈsʲemʲa/}},<br>Belov. ''siémia''/''се́мя'' {{IPA|/ˈsʲemʲa/}},<br>Zelenov. ''símja''/''сі́м'я'' {{IPA|/ˈsʲimja/}}<br>"seed"
|-
! scope="row" | Proto-Slavic *c
| colspan=3|{{IPA|/t͡s, t͡ɕ/}}
| colspan=4|{{IPA|/t͡s/}}
| {{IPA|/t͡s, t͡sʲ/}}
|
|-
! scope="row" | Proto-Slavic *č
| colspan=2|{{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}}
| colspan=2|{{IPA|/t͡ʂ/}}
| colspan=3|{{IPA|/t͡ɕ/}}
| {{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}}
| Stan. Var. ''čas''/''час'' {{IPA|/ˈt͡ʃas/}} <br>Sev. ''час'' {{IPA|/ˈt͡ɕas/}},<br>Belov. ''čas''/''час'' {{IPA|/ˈt͡ʂas/}},<br>Zelenov. ''čas''/''час'' {{IPA|/ˈt͡ʃas/}}<br>"time (of day)"
|-
! scope="row" | Proto-Slavic *skj, zgj
| colspan=2|{{IPA|/ʃt͡ʃ/, /ʒd͡ʒ/}}
| colspan=2|{{IPA|/ʂt͡ʂ/, /ʐd͡ʐ/}}
| colspan=3|{{IPA|/ɕː/, /ʑː/}}
| {{IPA|/ʃt͡ʃ/, /ʒd͡ʒ/}}
|
|-
! scope="row" | soft {{wp|dental stops}}
| colspan=3| /t͡ɕ/, /d͡ʑ/
| /t͡sʲ/, /d͡zʲ/
| colspan=4| /tʲ/, /dʲ/
| Stan. Var. ''dziésiać''/''ѕе́сяць'' {{IPA|/ˈd͡ʑeɕat͡ɕ/}} <br>Sev. ''де́сять'' {{IPA|/ˈdʲesʲitʲ/}},<br>Belov. ''dziésiać''/''дзе́сяць'' {{IPA|/ˈd͡zʲesʲat͡sʲ/}},<br>Zelenov. ''déśať''/''де́сять'' {{IPA|/ˈdesʲatʲ/}}<br>"ten"
|-
! scope="row" | Proto-Slavic *''v''
| colspan=3|{{IPA|/w/}}<br>{{IPA|[ʋ, w]}}
| {{IPA|/v/}}<br>{{IPA|[v, w]}}
| {{IPA|/w/}}
| colspan=2|{{IPA|/v, f/}}
| {{IPA|/w/}}<br>{{IPA|[β, w]}}
| Stan. Var. ''ústrou''/''у́стров'' {{IPA|/ˈuːstrou̯/}} <br>Sev. ''о́стров'' {{IPA|/ˈostraf/}},<br>Belov. ''vóstraŭ''/''во́страў'' {{IPA|/ˈvostrau̯/}},<br>Zelenov. ''óstriv''/''о́стрів'' {{IPA|/ˈostriw/}}<br>"island"
|}
 
=====Notes=====
{{Reflist|group=n|2}}


==Phonology==
==Phonology==


===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! {{wp|Near-close vowel|Close}}
| {{IPA link|i}}
| {{IPA link|ɨ}}
| {{IPA link|u}}
|-
! {{wp|Mid-open vowel|Mid-open}}
| {{IPA link|e}}
|
| {{IPA link|o}}
|-
! {{wp|Mid-open vowel|Mid-open}}
| {{IPA link|ɛ}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɔ}}
|-
! {{wp|Open vowel|Open}}
|
| {{IPA link|a}}
|
|}
===Consonants===


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
Line 41: Line 156:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! IPA
! IPA
! Condition
! Latin
! Latin
! Cyrillic
! Cyrillic
|-
|-
| rowspan=2 | {{IPA|u}}
| normally
| u
| у
|-
| from
| ů, ú
| ў, у
|-
|{{IPA|w}}
|}
|}


Latest revision as of 14:47, 30 August 2021

Varyan Language Guide

Basic Classification and Sound Changes

Sound Changes from Proto-Slavic

Common to East Slavic

  • Loss of yers
    • strong *ь > /ʲe/
    • weak *ь > /ʲ/
    • strong *ъ > /o/
    • weak *ъ lost
  • Loss of nasal vowels
    • P.S. *ǫ > /u/
    • P.S. *ę > /ʲa/
  • Pleophony
    • CerC > CereC
    • CorC > CoroC
    • CelC, *ColC > ColoC
    • CьrC > CerC
    • CъrC > CorC
    • CьlC, *CъlC > ColC

Differences within East Slavic

Isoglosses Varyan Belovaryan Severian Zelenovaryan Examples
Central
(Standard) 		Eastern Halichan Central
(Standard) 		Southern Northern
reduction
of unstressed /o/ (akanye) 		no yes no
pretonic /ʲe/ (yakanye) /ʲɛ/ /ʲæ/ /ʲa/ /ʲi/ /ʲe/ /e/

Stan. Var. ziämľá/зҍмля́ /ʑɛˈmʎa/,
Sev. земля́ /zʲiˈmlʲa/,
Belov. ziamliá/зямля́ /zʲaˈmlʲa/,
Zelenov. zemľá/земля́ /zeˈmlʲa/
"earth"

Proto-Slavic *i /i/ /ɪ/ Stan. Var. ľist/ліст /ˈʎist/,
Sev. лист /ˈlʲist/,
Belov. ľist/ліст /ˈlʲist/,
Zelenov. lyst/лист /ˈlɪst/
"leaf"
Proto-Slavic *y /ɨ/
stressed CoC /ɔ, u/ /œ/ /o/ /i/ Stan. Var. nòč/но̀ч /ˈnɔt͡ʃ/
Sev. ночь /ˈnot͡ɕ/,
Belov. noč/ноч /ˈnot͡ʂ/,
Zelenov. nič/ніч /ˈnʲit͡ʃ/
"night"
Proto-Slavic *ě /ɛ~ʲɛ/ /ɛ/ /e/ /e̝~i̯ɛ~i/ Stan. Var. sia̋mia/сҍ́мя /ˈɕɛmʲa/
Sev. се́мя /ˈsʲemʲa/,
Belov. siémia/се́мя /ˈsʲemʲa/,
Zelenov. símja/сі́м'я /ˈsʲimja/
"seed"
Proto-Slavic *c /t͡s, t͡ɕ/ /t͡s/ /t͡s, t͡sʲ/
Proto-Slavic *č /t͡ʃ/ /t͡ʂ/ /t͡ɕ/ /t͡ʃ/ Stan. Var. čas/час /ˈt͡ʃas/
Sev. час /ˈt͡ɕas/,
Belov. čas/час /ˈt͡ʂas/,
Zelenov. čas/час /ˈt͡ʃas/
"time (of day)"
Proto-Slavic *skj, zgj /ʃt͡ʃ/, /ʒd͡ʒ/ /ʂt͡ʂ/, /ʐd͡ʐ/ /ɕː/, /ʑː/ /ʃt͡ʃ/, /ʒd͡ʒ/
soft dental stops /t͡ɕ/, /d͡ʑ/ /t͡sʲ/, /d͡zʲ/ /tʲ/, /dʲ/ Stan. Var. dziésiać/ѕе́сяць /ˈd͡ʑeɕat͡ɕ/
Sev. де́сять /ˈdʲesʲitʲ/,
Belov. dziésiać/дзе́сяць /ˈd͡zʲesʲat͡sʲ/,
Zelenov. déśať/де́сять /ˈdesʲatʲ/
"ten"
Proto-Slavic *v /w/
[ʋ, w] 		/v/
[v, w] 		/w/ /v, f/ /w/
[β, w] 		Stan. Var. ústrou/у́стров /ˈuːstrou̯/
Sev. о́стров /ˈostraf/,
Belov. vóstraŭ/во́страў /ˈvostrau̯/,
Zelenov. óstriv/о́стрів /ˈostriw/
"island"
Notes

Phonology

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i ɨ u
Mid-open e o
Mid-open ɛ ɔ
Open a

Consonants

Orthography

  • Two commonly-used alphabets (Latin and Cyrillic), with Latin used officially and Cyrillic in diaspora communities.
IPA Condition Latin Cyrillic
u normally u у
from ů, ú ў, у
w

Grammar

Vocabulary

Sample Text

Treverian Language Guide

Basic Classification and Sound Changes

Sound Change Isoglosses

Phonology

Orthography

Grammar

Sample Text

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