User:Native Qazh/Sandbox4: Difference between revisions

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=Grammar=
=Grammar=
{{color box|#DC0000}} - Apears depending on how the stem starts/ends <br>{{color box|#0050FA}} - Vowel Harmony
==Syntax & Syllable structure==
==Syntax & Syllable structure==
==Pronouns==
==Pronouns==
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|-
|-
|}
|}
{{color box|#DC0000}} - Apears depending on how the stem starts/ends <br>{{color box|#0050FA}} - Vowel Harmony
{{notelist}}
{{notelist}}


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!Example(s)
!Example(s)
|-
|-
| -''{{color|#0050FA|a}}kh''
| -''{{color|#DC0000|a}}kh''
|[[wikipedia:Agent noun|agents]] from verbs/nouns
|[[wikipedia:Agent noun|agents]] from verbs/nouns
| de (to see) → dekh (seer)<br> tlh'e (fish) → tlh'ekh (fisherman)
| naw (to give) → naw'''{{color|#DC0000|a}}kh''' (giver)<br> tlh'e (fish) → tlh'e'''kh''' (fisherman)
|-
|-
| -'' ''
| -'' ''
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|  
|  
|-
|-
| -'' ''
| -''{{color|#DC0000|a}}m{{color|#0050FA|a}}''
|nouns from verbs
| sa'a (to grow) → sa'a'''m{{color|#0050FA|a}}''' (plant)
|-
| -''{{color|#DC0000|a}}l''
|verbs from nouns
|verbs from nouns
|
|-
| -'' ''
|verb or instruments
|
|-
| -'' ''
|passive form of the verb
|
|-
| -''{{color|#0050FA|a}}l''
|nouns from verbs
| k'aa (language) → k'aal (to speak)
| k'aa (language) → k'aal (to speak)
|-
|-

Revision as of 12:05, 23 October 2021

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Khanalhk'aa
Pronunciation/xa.naɮ̊.k’aː/
Native to Mokhavia
Ethnicity- people
Official status
Official language in
 Mokhavia
Language codes
ISO 639-1-
ISO 639-2-
ISO 639-3-
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Phonology

Labial Alveolar Post-Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
plain sibilant lateral
Plosive /
Affricate
plain ⟨b⟩ ⟨d⟩ d̥z̥ ⟨dz⟩ d̥ɮ̊ ⟨dlh⟩ d̥z̝̊~d̥ʒ̊ ⟨j⟩ ⟨g⟩ ʔ ⟨ʼ⟩
aspirated ⟨p⟩ ⟨t⟩ tsʰ ⟨ts⟩ tɬʰ ⟨tlh⟩ ts̝ʰ~tʃʰ ⟨ch⟩ ⟨k⟩
ejective ⟨pʼ⟩ ⟨tʼ⟩ tsʼ ⟨tsʼ⟩ tɬʼ ⟨tlhʼ⟩ ts̝ʼ~tʃʼ ⟨chʼ⟩ ⟨kʼ⟩
Sonorants Fricative s ⟨s⟩ ɮ̊ ⟨lh⟩ ~ʃ ⟨sh⟩ x ⟨kh⟩
Nasal m ⟨m⟩ n ⟨n⟩
Approximant /
Tap
ɾ ⟨r⟩ l ⟨l⟩ j ⟨y⟩ w ⟨w⟩
Front Central Back
short long short long short long
High i ⟨i⟩ ⟨ii⟩ u ⟨u⟩ ⟨uu⟩
Mid ɛ ⟨e⟩ ⟨ee⟩ o ⟨o⟩ ⟨oo⟩
Low a ⟨a⟩ ⟨aa⟩
Harmony i a u
  • short vowels raise up when unstressed (/ɛ/→/e̝~i/;/a/→/ɐ~ə/;/o/→/o̝~u/)
  • the /o/ is sound closer to /o̞/

Writing system

Order 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
Majuscule A B C D Dz Dlh E F G H[a] I J K K' Kh L Lh M N O P P' Q R S Sh T T' Ts Ts' Tlh Tlh' U V W X Y Z '
Minuscule a b c d dz dlh e f g h i j k k' kh l lh m n o p p' q r s sh t t' ts ts' tlh tlh' u v w x y z '
IPA Sound a k~ts d̥z̥ d̥ɮ̊ ɛ f (x)[b] i d̥z̝̊~d̥ʒ̊ x l ɮ̊ m n o ɾ s ~ʃ tsʰ tsʼ tɬʰ tɬʼ u w~ʋ w ks j ~s ʔ
  1. The letter is used in multigraphs, and words of foreign origin
  2. In foreign words

Grammar

  - Apears depending on how the stem starts/ends
  - Vowel Harmony

Syntax & Syllable structure

Pronouns

Possessive

Nouns

Number

Number Suffix Examlple: Stem-Consonant Examlple: Stem-Vowel
Singular dansi' (boat) thl'a (fish - sin)
Plural -an dansi'in (boats) thl'an (fish - plr)

Cases

Case Suffix Examlple:
Stem-Consonant/Plosive-Affricate
Examlple:
Stem-Vowel/Sonorant
Nominative ewask (canoe) dlhe (rain)
Genitive -alh ewaskalh (of a canoe) dlhelh (of rain)
Dative -u/w ewasku (to a canoe) dlhew (to (a) rain)
Accusative -i/y ewaski (canoe) dlhey (rain)
Instrumental -asa ewaskasa (with a canoe) dlhesi (with rain)
Comparative[a] -adlha ewaskadlha (as a canoe) dlhedlhi (as rain)
Locative -ata ewaskata (at/neer/in a canoe) dlheti (at/neer/in rain)
Allative ka'- ka'ewask (to/towards a canoe) kadlhe(to/towards rain)
Ablative ta'- ta'ewask (from a canoe) tadlhe (from rain)
Benefactial -ara ewaskara (for a canoe) dlheri (for rain)
Vocative -ee
-/oo
ewaskee (canoe!) dlhoo (rain!)
  1. When the Comparative case is used with the comparative affix, the meaning shifts to "than"

Comparison

  • Positive - Bassic form of the word: big - saw
  • Negative - Negation of the word: "unbig" (yoo-) - yoosaw
  • Comparitive - Form for comparison relative to something, used with the Comparative case: bigger (-'alh) - sawalh
  • Superlative - Form showing absolute relative to a group: bigest (-'ats') - sawats'

Articles

Verbs

"be"

Lexicon

Suffix Used to create... Example(s)
-akh agents from verbs/nouns naw (to give) → nawakh (giver)
tlh'e (fish) → tlh'ekh (fisherman)
- collective nouns
-ama nouns from verbs sa'a (to grow) → sa'ama (plant)
-al verbs from nouns k'aa (language) → k'aal (to speak)
- adjectives indicating the lack of something
- adjectives from nouns/verbs
- adverbs from nouns/verbs
- diminutives of nouns
- augmentatives of nouns
- locations (places related to the stem)
- inhabitants (of places), among others