Energy in Gristol-Serkonos: Difference between revisions
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== Energy Sources == | == Energy Sources == | ||
=== Nuclear Energy === | === Nuclear Energy === | ||
Gristol-Serkonos operates 50 nuclear reactors across the two constituent countries. The Kingdom of Gristol operates the 41 | Gristol-Serkonos operates 50 nuclear reactors across the two constituent countries. The Kingdom of Gristol operates the 41 nuclear reactors while the League of Serkonos operates 9. All currently operating Gristo-Serkonan nuclear reactors either a domestic design, the Marklin-Ashton Energy G-series reactors, or foreign designs from [[Latium]] and [[Zacapican]]. The most common reactor type in the country are the {{wp|pressurized heavy-water reactor}} while Zacapine-licensed reactors use a {{wp|pressurized water reactor}} design. Several {{wp|small modular reactor}}s are currently under planning stage or under construction. The first nuclear reactor from Marklin-Ashton Energy was built in Ulstrand for GristolPower in 1966 and begun operation in 1971 with subsequent reactor units going online over the next two decades. | ||
Several companies operate and maintain the reactors in the country. GristolPower initially operated all the reactors in the Kingdom of Gristol until 1998 when the heavily indebted company was reorganized into two entities, the Gristol Power Generation and the GristolHydro. Gristol Power Generation leased the operations of Aureille, Verwolde, Kristiansand, and Valberg Nuclear Generation Stations to GaxaEnergy. Majority of the Gristol-based reactors are either Marklin-Ashton PHWRs and Latium-licensed designs. | |||
SKF Energy operates the nuclear reactors in the League of Serkonos. All of the reactors in service are the Zacapine-licensed PWR designs. | |||
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! Type ||Model | ! Type ||Model | ||
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|National Nuclear Reactor Demonstrator|| 1 || | |National Nuclear Reactor Demonstrator|| 1 || NRR || P1-20 NRR || {{no|Decommissioned}} || 19 || 1958 || 1961 || 1981 || Prototype Reactor | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Neys River Laboratories || 1 || | |Neys River Laboratories || 1 || NRR || RR1-100 NRR || {{Yes|Operational}} || 100 || 1960 || 1963 || || Research and Medical Isotope Production | ||
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|- | |- | ||
Revision as of 09:45, 15 November 2022
 | This article is incomplete because it is pending further input from participants, or it is a work-in-progress by one author. Please comment on this article's talk page to share your input, comments and questions. Note: To contribute to this article, you may need to seek help from the author(s) of this page. |
- Coal: 2 (2.0%)
- Natural gas, oil, and others: 3 (3.0%)
- Nuclear power: 45 (45.0%)
- Hydroelectricity: 30 (30.0%)
- Renewable sources: 20 (20.0%)
Energy in Gristol-Serkonos describes the overall energy and electricity production, consumption and export in Gristol-Serkonos. The country has access to all main sources of energy including fossil fuels, coal, hydroelectricity, biomass, solar, geothermal, wind, marine and nuclear. Total energy consumption in the country reached 561.9 TWh in 2022.
Nuclear energy accounted for 45% (252.86 TWh) of all electric generation in Gristol-Serkonos.
Energy Sources
Nuclear Energy
Gristol-Serkonos operates 50 nuclear reactors across the two constituent countries. The Kingdom of Gristol operates the 41 nuclear reactors while the League of Serkonos operates 9. All currently operating Gristo-Serkonan nuclear reactors either a domestic design, the Marklin-Ashton Energy G-series reactors, or foreign designs from Latium and Zacapican. The most common reactor type in the country are the pressurized heavy-water reactor while Zacapine-licensed reactors use a pressurized water reactor design. Several small modular reactors are currently under planning stage or under construction. The first nuclear reactor from Marklin-Ashton Energy was built in Ulstrand for GristolPower in 1966 and begun operation in 1971 with subsequent reactor units going online over the next two decades.
Several companies operate and maintain the reactors in the country. GristolPower initially operated all the reactors in the Kingdom of Gristol until 1998 when the heavily indebted company was reorganized into two entities, the Gristol Power Generation and the GristolHydro. Gristol Power Generation leased the operations of Aureille, Verwolde, Kristiansand, and Valberg Nuclear Generation Stations to GaxaEnergy. Majority of the Gristol-based reactors are either Marklin-Ashton PHWRs and Latium-licensed designs.
SKF Energy operates the nuclear reactors in the League of Serkonos. All of the reactors in service are the Zacapine-licensed PWR designs.
| Name | Unit No. |
Reactor | Status | Net capacity (MW) | Construction start |
Commercial operation |
Closure | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Model | ||||||||
| National Nuclear Reactor Demonstrator | 1 | NRR | P1-20 NRR | Decommissioned | 19 | 1958 | 1961 | 1981 | Prototype Reactor |
| Neys River Laboratories | 1 | NRR | RR1-100 NRR | Operational | 100 | 1960 | 1963 | Research and Medical Isotope Production | |
| Ulstrand Nuclear Generating Station | 1 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-500 PHWR | Decommissioned | 515 | 1966 | 1971 | 2022 | |
| 2 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-500 PHWR | Decommissioned | 515 | 1968 | 1973 | 2022 | ||
| 3 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-900 PHWR | Operational | 900 | 1980 | 1983 | |||
| 4 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-900 PHWR | Operational | 900 | 1986 | 1990 | |||
| 5 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-500 PHWR | Operational | 500 | 1986 | 1989 | |||
| 6 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-500 PHWR | Operational | 500 | 1987 | 1990 | |||
| 7 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-900 PHWR | Operational | 900 | 1987 | 1991 | |||
| 8 | PHWR | MA Energy G3-1000 PHWR | Operational | 1000 | 1989 | 1993 | |||
| Lyone Nuclear Generating Station | 1 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-900 PHWR | Operational | 900 | 1978 | 1982 | ||
| 2 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-900 PHWR | Operational | 900 | |||||
| 3 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-600 PHWR | Operational | 600 | |||||
| 4 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-600 PHWR | Operational | 600 | |||||
| 5 | BWR | MA Energy G1-300 SMR | Planned | 300 | 2021 | 2026 | |||
| Rydland Nuclear Generating Station | 1 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-900 PHWR | Operational | 900 | ||||
| 2 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-500 PHWR | Operational | 500 | |||||
| 3 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-800 PHWR | Operational | 800 | |||||
| 4 | PHWR | MA Energy G3-1000 PHWR | Operational | 1000 | |||||
| 5 | PHWR | MA Energy G3-1000 PHWR | Operational | 1000 | |||||
| Gratangen Nuclear Generating Station | 1 | PHWR | MA Energy G1-800 PHWR | Shutdown; undergoing refit | 821 | ||||
| 2 | PHWR | MA Energy G1-600 PHWR | Operational | 621 | |||||
| 3 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-700 PHWR | Operational | 701 | |||||
| 4 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-500 PHWR | Operational | 515 | |||||
| 5 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-500 PHWR | Operational | 515 | |||||
| 6 | PHWR | MA Energy G3-1000 PHWR | Operational | 1000 | |||||
| Sela Nuclear Generating Station | 1 | PHWR | MA Energy G1-800 PHWR | Shutdown; undergoing refit | 800 | ||||
| 2 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-800 PHWR | Operational | 800 | |||||
| 3 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-600 PHWR | Operational | 600 | |||||
| 4 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-700 PHWR | Operational | 701 | |||||
| 5 | BWR | MA Energy G1-300 SMR | Planned | 300 | |||||
| Aureille Nuclear Generating Station | 1 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-700 PHWR | Operational | |||||
| 2 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-700 PHWR | Operational | ||||||
| 3 | PHWR | MA Energy G2-700 PHWR | Operational | ||||||
| 4 | PHWR | MA Energy G3-500 PHWR | Operational | ||||||
| 5 | PHWR | MA Energy G3-800 PHWR | Operational | ||||||
| 6 | PHWR | MA Energy G3-1000 PHWR | Operational | ||||||
| Verwolde Nuclear Generating Station | 1 | PHWR | Latium PHWR | Operational | 821 | 1999 | 2003 | ||
| 2 | PHWR | Latium PHWR | Operational | 515 | 2001 | 2004 | |||
| 3 | PHWR | Latium PHWR | Operational | 515 | 2004 | 2008 | |||
| 4 | BWR | MA Energy G1-300 SMR | Under construction | 300 | 2019 | 2024 | |||
| 5 | BWR | MA Energy G1-300 SMR | Under construction | 300 | 2020 | 2024 | |||
| Kristiansand Nuclear Generating Station | 1 | PHWR | MA Energy G1-800 PHWR | Decommissioned | 821 | 2010 | |||
| 2 | PHWR | MA Energy G1-800 PHWR | Decommissioned | 812 | 2009 | ||||
| 3 | PHWR | MA Energy G1-800 PHWR | Decommissioned | 812 | 2007 | ||||
| 4 | PHWR | Latium PHWR | Operational | 515 | |||||
| 5 | PHWR | Latium PHWR | Operational | 701 | |||||
| 6 | PHWR | Latium PHWR | Operational | 701 | |||||
| 7 | PHWR | Latium PHWR | Operational | 800 | |||||
| 8 | PHWR | Latium PHWR | Operational | 1000 | |||||
| Valberg Nuclear Generating Station | 1 | PHWR | Latium PHWR | Operational | 821 | 1997 | 2000 | ||
| 2 | PHWR | Latium PHWR | Operational | 700 | 2000 | 2003 | |||
| 3 | PHWR | Latium PHWR | Operational | 700 | 2003 | 2007 | |||
| 4 | PHWR | Latium PHWR | Operational | 600 | 2007 | 2010 | |||
| Atheclaghque Nuclear Generating Station | 1 | PHWR | ZACA-PWR | Operational | 821 | ||||
| 2 | PWR | ZACA-PWR | Operational | 515 | |||||
| 3 | PWR | ZACA-PWR | Operational | 515 | |||||
| 4 | PWR | ZACA-PWR | Planned | 515 | |||||
| Point Deer Nuclear Generating Station | 1 | PHWR | ZACA-PWR | Operational | 800 | ||||
| 2 | PWR | ZACA-PWR | Operational | 700 | |||||
| 3 | BWR | MA Energy G1-300 SMR | Planned | 300 | |||||
| Saari Nuclear Generating Station | 1 | PWR | ZACA-PWR | Operational | 800 | ||||
| 2 | PWR | ZACA-PWR | Operational | 600 | |||||
| 3 | PWR | ZACA-PWR | Operational | 600 | |||||
| 4 | PWR | ZACA-PWR | Operational | 500 | |||||
| 5 | BWR | MA Energy G1-300 SMR | Planned | 300 | |||||
Fuel reprocessing and safe storage
In order to comply with National Nuclear Safety Commission Report after a Level 3 Incident at the Atheclaghque Nuclear Generation Station, the nuclear energy suppliers jointly-operate the Hektoen National Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Centre. Located in Hektoen in the northern Gristol region, the Hektoen NNFRC has been in operation since 1968 and has a capacity of about 1,700 tonnes per year. The Hektoen NNFRC utilizes an aqueous nuclear reprocessing method known as PUREX where 96% of the spent nuclear fuel are recovered. The site also operates a deep geological repository adjacent to the site where the non-recyclable fission products are vitrified along with compacted nuclear control rod hulls and endplates.
In compliance with federal regulations, vitrified fission products and compacted waste from spent nuclear fuel received from foreign countries are returned to the country of origin.